Abstract Films offer a chance to study and develop an understanding on a particular subject. A huge team of specialists works together for months to produce a good feature film. There is a tradition of adaptation of literary stories or novels into films in Bollywood like other film industries of the world. In this […]
,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U3R2GTBE,2018-06-11,Rakesh K. Patel,,,2026-02-11T07:55:52Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 197,Patterns of influence: intelligence liaison and authoritarian rule,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2026.2618084,"This study investigates the underexplored dynamics and implications of the many U.S. intelligence partnerships with authoritarian regimes. Drawing on declassified U.S. Government records, we hypothesize that secret intelligence partnerships offer authoritarian rulers unique advantages that can strengthen their domestic positions. Secrecy allows leaders to build these relationships while avoiding public criticism, informality provides an opening for new demands for quids pro quo, and U.S. policymakers often turn a blind eye to rights and other abuses when strategic collection or covert operations are at stake. Intelligence training, funding, and technology provided to support joint intelligence operations also enhances rulers’ ability to target domestic threats. This article offers a foundation for future research into how the form of regime affects intelligence liaison dynamics and clandestine relationships’ impact on domestic governance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V7VP7D4P,2026-02-10,"Diana I. Bolsinger, Aaron Hernandez",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2026-02-15T17:09:18Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2026.2618084,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7128481202,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 198,"Uncertain Threats: The FBI, the New Left, and Cold War Intelligence",Book,https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-98087-9,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C8FQPVW8,2025,Jason Ross Arnold,Springer Nature Switzerland,,2026-02-15T17:08:24Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1007/978-3-031-98087-9,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7084498509,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-3-031-98087-9/1, 199,The Intelligence Paradox: How Successful UN Missions Undermine their Own Authority,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2026.2623265,"This study examines a paradox in United Nations peacekeeping whereby missions that achieve operational success may inadvertently undermine their own political legitimacy. Specifically, it focuses on the advanced intelligence capabilities deployed in recent missions and how these, while enhancing effectiveness, can generate sovereignty concerns that erode local consent. Through a comparative analysis of the UN missions in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (MONUSCO, 2010-present) and Mali (MINUSMA, 2013–2023), we show that intelligence innovations initially strengthened these missions – improving security and crisis response – but later became focal points for opposition when circumstances changed. Two distinct mechanisms are identified: in RDC a bottom-up backlash from civil society framed the UN presence as an illegitimate ‘occupation’, whereas in Mali a top-down campaign by state elites used sovereignty rhetoric to restrict UN surveillance and ultimately expel the mission. We argue that intelligence assets are contributing factors that amplify pre-existing legitimacy challenges (e.g. scandals or political shifts) rather than primary causes of mission failure. The findings highlight the need to balance technical effectiveness with local consent, and suggest policy adjustments for future peace operations to avoid this legitimacy paradox.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I2FDC9L6,2026-02-10,Antonio Legaz,Routledge,International Peacekeeping,2026-02-15T17:06:54Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/13533312.2026.2623265,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7128524918,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 200,The great spy game: the Franco-German cold war (1871–1890),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2026.2615358,"Between 1871 and 1890, France and Germany found themselves locked in a fierce espionage competition that strained diplomatic relations and fostered xenophobia in both nations. It was no coincidence that it was a spy scandal in April 1887 that brought the two countries closer to war than any other event in these two decades. It was a period in their bilateral relationship that had many similarities to the Soviet-American Cold War characterized by war scares, a spiraling arms race and spy paranoia. This study analyzes new material from German archives to reconstruct the intelligence operations of both countries during these years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YRUWGVXH,2026-02-10,James Stone,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2026-02-15T17:05:47Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/02684527.2026.2615358,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7128491243,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 201,Cognitive biases and debiasing in intelligence analysis,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315658353-43/cognitive-biases-debiasing-intelligence-analysis-ian-belton-mandeep-dhami,"Herbert Simon’s ideas on human rationality have framed a generation of psychological research into decision making. Researchers have identified numerous “cognitive biases”––departures from normatively rational behavior––and they have begun to develop and test debiasing interventions to combat those biases. Simon believed that individuals working in an organizational context could be helped to achieve rational thinking by the organization itself. This chapter considers how organizations responsible for intelligence analysis help their analysts to overcome cognitive bias. Intelligence analysis is a cognitively challenging task that is performed under suboptimal conditions, and analysts are often portrayed as being uncritical and suffering from cognitive bias. Eight biases are identified that may manifest at various stages of the analytic workflow (i.e., belief bias, confirmation bias, explanation bias, fluency effects, framing effects, order effects, the planning fallacy, and overconfidence). The intelligence community’s response to the potential problem of cognitive bias has largely been to adopt ad hoc, untested, “structured analytic techniques” and computer technologies. Intelligence organizations have largely eschewed psychologically informed and empirically tested debiasing interventions. It is argued that, as such, these organizations may fail to fulfill their function in terms of providing analysts with an environment that encourages rational thinking.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AD3QLW5Q,2020,"Ian K. Belton, Mandeep K. Dhami",Routledge,,2026-02-15T17:04:43Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,Routledge Handbook of Bounded Rationality,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 202,The history of intelligence in Kenya,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2602097,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WPCUCQ76,2026-02-09,"R. Gerald Hughes, Ryan Shaffer",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2026-02-12T08:13:50Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2602097,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7128423005,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 203,GREAT POWERS’ ENCOUNTER IN AFRICAN CONFLICTS: BRITISH INTELLIGENCE ON THE SOVIET UNION INVOLVEMENT DURING THE NIGERIAN CIVIL WAR (1967-1970),Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1397662,"This paper discusses the British intelligence on the Soviet Union’s involvement in the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970). The study adopts a historical narrative approach for data analysis while drawing from the official archival documents on the conflict obtained from the British National Archives, located in Kew, London and secondary sources such as books, journals, newspapers and internet sources for data collection. The study indicates that the delayed acquisition of defensive military equipment by the federal government from Britain paved the way for the Soviet Union penetration in the conflict. Consequently, Nigerian-Soviet relations were conditioned by the exigencies of the civil war. While the Soviet Union and Britain had the common objective of supporting the Federal Military Government (FMG), Britain saw the Soviets as a threat to their influence with the FMG. The ideological differences between the two countries prompted Britain to thwart the Soviet efforts in the conflict which involved the use of intelligence gathering systems often in alliance with other western powers. Britain found it expedient to lead intelligence gathering efforts on the Soviets as they offloaded their military consignment and provided diplomatic support to Nigeria. The Nigerian authorities felt that they had no alternative but to accommodate the Soviets because the struggle to maintain the unity of Nigeria overrode other considerations in the war. For Britain, the Soviet Union involvement in the civil war was considered to be very risky, unlike the FMG which did not focus on the likely negative implications because they needed external assistance to achieve military victory in the conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8YBAFF6C,2025,Oluchukwu Ignatus Onianwa,Ovidius University Press,Annals of the Ovidius University of Constanta - Political Science Series,2026-02-11T07:57:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 204,Aginter Press: a transnational hub for far-right militancy and western intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2026.2627107,"This study explores the interconnections between the European far right, Aginter Press, and American intelligence during the Cold War (1960–1975), with a specific focus on their involvement in anti-communist covert operations. It examines how far-right factions aligned ideologically with Western interests and were actively integrated into clandestine initiatives, including Operation CHAOS and various counterinsurgency efforts across Europe, Africa, and South America. By analysing declassified intelligence documents and investigative records, the article reconstructs the geopolitical, ideological, and operational dimensions of this transnational collaboration. It posits that the transnationalism of the far right was not merely a spontaneous development but was strategically orchestrated, positioning European extremists as instruments of American geopolitical influence. The study ultimately contributes to the broader discourse on Cold War intelligence operations and the use of extremist groups as proxies in ideological conflicts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/388BY7JF,2026-02-06,Nicola Guerra,Routledge,Critical Studies on Terrorism,2026-02-11T07:56:49Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/17539153.2026.2627107,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7128169855,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W7128169855,2026.0,2026.0,2026.0,,0.0 205,Ecoterrorism and Cyberattacks vs. Critical Infrastructure: Counterintelligence and Security Aspects,Journal article,https://aseestant.ceon.rs/index.php/nabepo/article/view/60802,"Critical infrastructure encompasses systems and resources essential to the functioning of the state and its protection consequently stands at the pinnacle of counterintelligence and security priorities. Amid increasingly intensive and complex forms of hybrid threats, the vulnerability of such systems becomes more pronounced—particularly in the domains of cyber-attacks and eco-terrorist acts, as emergent forms of asymmetric threats. Of particular concern is the employment of sophisticated methods of espionage, cyber intrusions and subversive activities, all of which necessitate a strategically oriented and integrated counterintelligence response. In addition to conventional and digital security risks, growing attention must be directed towards the phenomenon of eco-terrorism—that is, the activities of radical environmental groups which, under the guise of environmental protection, carry out attacks targeting infrastructure of vital importance. Cyber threats, including intrusions into operational networks, data destruction and manipulation of control systems, constitute a parallel dimension of security vulnerability, one that challenges the response capacity of traditional protection systems. This paper examines the intersection between eco-terrorism, cyber-attacks and the counterintelligence protection of critical infrastructure, with a particular focus on identifying vulnerabilities, evaluating the effectiveness of existing measures and analysing the role of institutional actors in the prevention, detection and response to such threats. Special attention is paid to the challenges of intersectoral coordination and the pressing need to improve both national and international regulatory and operational frameworks. Drawing upon an analysis of current security strategies and selected case studies, the paper argues that the effective safeguarding of critical infrastructure is achievable solely through a multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach—one that integrates counterintelligence capabilities, technological innovation and international cooperation. The findings of the research offer concrete recommendations for the reform and enhancement of legal and institutional mechanisms, with an emphasis on proactive engagement, situational awareness and adaptive crisis response to threats emerging from eco-terrorist and cyber domains. The contribution of this study lies in its critical examination of the security aspects of contemporary threats to critical infrastructure, offering insights relevant both to the academic community and to decision-makers engaged in the formulation of national and international security policy. ",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TB8LBN48,2026-01-08,"Dragan Živaljević, Nevena Gavrić",,"NBP. Nauka, bezbednosti, policija",2026-02-11T07:54:06Z,"['8XXD789V', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.5937/nabepo31-60802,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7127962256,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0354-8872/2026/0354-88722601095Q.pdf, 206,The Trouble With How We Define Intelligence | Global Policy Journal,Blog post,https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/10/02/2026/trouble-how-we-define-intelligence,"What is intelligence? Robert Schuett explains why dominant definitions fail to capture intelligence as the political practice it has become (and in truth always has been). For a practice as old and universal, yet so often portrayed as dark and sinister, it can seem counterintuitive to ask what intelligence actually is. It may appear even more awkward when such questions are raised by a former practitioner, particularly when they take the form of definitional and theoretical inquiry.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YUPWZWQ8,2026-02-10,Robert Schuett,,,2026-02-11T07:52:50Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 207,Secret Archives: Sex and Spies in Onyeka Igwe and Huw Lemmey’s Ungentle (2022),Journal article,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/395485,"Ungentle, a 37 minute long film collaboration, in which Onyeka Igwe’s visuals accompany Huw Lemmey’s monologue narrative, stands apart from much of Igwe’s oeuvre through its subject matter and length. The narrative of a homosexual Cold War spy reminiscing about his political and sexual awakenings draws on an aesthetic evocative of summer haze, pastoral idylls, beachside residences and idealised cityscapes, yet beneath such ideals our anti-hero relates treacherous acts and subversive intent. The use of 16mm film draws us nostalgically into the Cold War past, but our contemporary world caught by Igwe’s camera keeps us at a temporal distance, evoking a ghostly encounter with an ‘other’ world. This essay draws on the narrative as testimonial act to an implied listener, imploring us to explore and ask what it means to know, to see and to be seen in a world of covert espionage and sexual desires. Never in front of the camera, only heard through Ben Whishaw’s voiceover, our narrator’s physicality is only ever approximated linguistically or inhabited by the camera’s subjectivity momentarily. Taking my cue from Will Jennings’s observation that “Ungentle is a queer nature documentary”, I argue that the ecology evoked by Igwe’s visuals straddles rural and urban, productive and decaying, bedroom and the corridors of power; these porous thresholds are signalled though double coded spaces, thresholds such as windows, and the camera’s back and forth between the narrator’s subjectivity and an observational stance on the ‘normal’ world. Particular attention will be paid to the cruising sequence, uncharacteristic in the film for its use of realist sound and a pivotal moment of visual coding that interweaves the queer and the spy. Although no image, or word, in Ungentle derives directly from an archive, the surfacing of traces of a spectral past – redolent in much of Igwe’s work – is vital for how Ungentle draws its viewers into the spy game and the archival space anew.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BQMK46WR,2026-02-04T00:30:15Z,Stuart Davis,Oxford University Press (OUP),Screen,2026-02-08T13:34:14Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.17863/CAM.124968,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7127583659,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/395485, 208,The Condor Legion and Beyond: The Influence of the German Secret Field Police in the Spanish Civil War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/00220094251414063,"This article examines the role of the German Secret Field Police (GFP) during the Spanish Civil War. Deployed prior to the arrival of the Condor Legion, the GFP's primary mission was to protect German military forces and Germany itself from any potential leaks of information that could jeopardise its strategic interests. Throughout the course of the war, the GFP underwent significant restructuring and initiated a process of collaboration with Spanish units. This article provides an account of the GFP's structural evolution during the war in Spain, assesses its operational performance, and analyses the results of police collaboration between Spain and Germany.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QE8DMVKM,2026-02-04,Diego Martínez López,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2026-02-08T13:31:37Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1177/00220094251414063,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7127592803,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 209,Shaping the next generation of intelligence scholars.,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2606745,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3M54M4N5,2026-02-04,"Irena Chiru, Cristina Ivan",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2026-02-08T13:31:20Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2606745,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7127608839,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 210,"From Reform to Results: Incentives, Culture and the UK’s Military Intelligence Services",Blog post,https://www.rusi.orghttps://www.rusi.org,The UK is consolidating dispersed intelligence services under a new defence-led Military Intelligence Services construct to optimise performance.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KQFJDTYT,2026-02-05,"David V. Gioe, William Styles",,,2026-02-08T10:00:26Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 211,How the United States Lost a Nuclear Device and Recovered an Indian Friend,Blog post,https://warontherocks.com/2026/02/how-the-united-states-lost-a-nuclear-device-and-recovered-an-indian-friend/,"It started at a Washington cocktail party, when an Air Force general listened to a mountaineer describe the view from Mount Everest — and decided the",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YY3F8DRF,2026-02-03T08:30:50+00:00,Paul M. McGarr,,,2026-02-08T09:59:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 212,An Evaluation of Large Language Models Using Analytic Tradecraft Standards,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2026.2618633,"Artificial intelligence (AI) is not a new phenomenon and has been in use in the U.S. Intelligence Community in various forms for years. Generally limited to single source intelligence processing, the advent of Large Language Models (LLM) to the public suggests the use of AI as an all-source analytic tool. Despite the natural language question and answer format of current LLM, AI as a provider of true all-source analysis is likely several generations of improvement away. However, AI LLM are being used to brainstorm ideas, wordsmith and edit text, and outline approaches. To identify the strength and limitations of current LLM and see where they could be of most benefit to human intelligence analysts, the authors evaluated the output of different LLM against current analytic tradecraft standards and compared those to human analysts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J3SUY4VY,2026-02-03,"John Borek, Seth Marcotte",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2026-02-07T19:12:52Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1080/08850607.2026.2618633,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7127386602,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 213,AI and the Reconfiguration of the Counterintelligence Battlefield,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2026.2620479,"Authoritarian regimes are integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into counterintelligence systems to boost surveillance, automate deception, and forecast threats with limited oversight. Conversely, liberal democracies face legal, ethical, and institutional hurdles that slow their adoption, leading to increasing gaps in detection, attribution, and resilience. This study examines China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea, illustrating how AI strengthens regime control and creates uneven capabilities. It highlights cognitive security as a key challenge—protecting analytic integrity against adversarial manipulation. The analysis concludes that democracies must adapt with flexible, value-aligned strategies and collaborative, AI-driven defenses while maintaining public trust and accountability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6WYSD6Z2,2026-02-03,Henry Prunckun,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2026-02-07T19:12:19Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2026.2620479,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7127371289,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2026.2620479, 214,The Early Cold War and Sweden’s Counterespionage in Relation to the Soviet Diplomatic Mission in Stockholm 1945–1955,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2026.2618073,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GT2WF9LI,2026-02-03,Johan Matz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2026-02-07T19:11:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2026.2618073,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7127329876,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2026.2618073, 215,Intelligence for state-making: US refugee handling and postwar (Re)construction in Austria and Israel between 1945 and 1956,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2026.2618631,"In postwar Europe, US intelligence increasingly targeted Soviet-orbit refugees for Cold War intelligence needs. Austria became a key arena as a country of first asylum for Soviet-orbit refugees, many of whom were Jewish transiting to Israel. Yet beyond narrow US intelligence objectives, the broader state-building effects of these covert activities for Austria as the host state and for Israel remain insufficiently understood. This article shows that US intelligence activities targeting Soviet-orbit refugees in Austria (1945–1956) significantly contributed to postwar reconstruction efforts in both countries. First, intelligence requirements became the central rationale for expanding US refugee-aid policies, improving Austrian refugee-handling infrastructure, and benefiting Jewish migration to Israel. Second, emerging cooperation among US, Austrian, and Israeli intelligence services surrounding refugees fostered postwar alliance-building, with spillover effects into adjacent policy domains. The findings demonstrate that refugees became a key space through which intelligence shaped wider postwar reconstruction, informing debates on intelligence in humanitarian and post-conflict settings.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SC9DN4XM,2026-02-03,Stefanie Kirchweger,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2026-02-07T19:10:49Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2026.2618631,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7127329810,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2026.2618631, 216,American intelligence and counter-intelligence policies in Western Germany 1945-1960,Thesis,https://dione.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/handle/unipi/18827,"This Master’s thesis depicts how the dynamics of the Cold War affected the intelligence operations conducted by the U.S.A. in Western Germany in the period 1945-1960. The American doctrine of the time can be summarized in the words of Lord Hastings Lionel Ismay, who once said that the creation of NATO facilitated to “keep the Soviet Union out, the Americans in, and the Germans down.” It is dearly noticeable that the dogma of the double containment heavily influenced the way that the American secret services operated. Reading this Thesis is going to highlight the interconnectivity between foreign policies and the intelligence policies. The reader is going to take a deep dive into the “baby steps” of the American intelligence community, which lacked experience in relation to the rival country as well in relation to the newly founded federation. After carefully examining numerous declassified documents and historical papers it is safe to say that our initial observations stand correct. The United States’ secret services served a double role in Western Germany. The first one was the sociopolitical monitoring of Western Germany. More precisely, the U.S. was keeping an eye for a possible resurgence of Nazism. In order to ensure that this would be averted they monitored closely the economic growth of the country. Financial stability was considered fertile ground for the establishment of a democratic political environment. Democracy secured Germany’s political alignment to the Western allegiance and the elimination of any possibility of negotiating on its own with the Soviet Union for re-unifying with its eastern territories. The second role of American intelligence operations in Western Germany was espionage in Soviet territories. Western Germany offered many advantages when it came to spying the Soviets. The first one and the most obvious was the geographical proximity. Besides the fact that the newly founded federation shared borders with the Soviet Bloc, Western Berlin was inside the Soviet Union thus making it the “the Capital of Spies”. In addition to that the rich experience of Germans in espionage filled the lack of U.S. experience when it came down to spying. More precisely Reinhard Gehlen, who was the German intelligence officer in WW2 leading the espionage operations towards the U.S.S.R., made a very lucrative deal with the U.S.. He provided a huge amount of hard intelligence concerning the whereabouts of the U.S.S.R. in exchange for the security of his crew and himself. Gehlen soon after became the leader of the Gehlen Organization which operated in the beginning under American control and provided very useful intel. This thesis sheds light to the intelligence framework that was built over the years in Western Germany and highlights some of its most notorious operations. Apart from the intelligence aspect, this thesis illustrates the dynamics between the U.S. and the newly founded Federation. It is necessary for the reader to have a holistic approach when it comes down to examining a topic of this matter. Having understood the objectives of the U.S. foreign policy towards Germany, will make it easier to spot the correlation between the objectives of the Foreign Policy and the aims of the Intelligence. The intricate relationship between the U.S. and Germany was not only limited to their Foreign Policy dynamics but it also expanded to the relationship of their Intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J5WI4W63,2025,"Charalampos Dimitrios Ntouros, Χαράλαμπος Δημήτριος Ντούρος",,,2026-02-07T19:09:54Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Master's Thesis,Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς,,,,,,,,, 217,Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/afghanistan-war-encyclopedia-9781440870460/,"Discover the complexities of the Afghanistan War, the United States' longest military operation and a conflict with far-reaching impacts in Afghanistan and around the globe. In this accessible ready-reference encyclopedia, more than 200 entries highlight key people, groups, battles, and concepts and provide valuable insights into the causes, course, and legacy of this lengthy conflict. Cross referencing and further readings accompany each entry, helping readers make connections and pointing them toward resources for additional study. The main text is complemented by a chronology that provides an at-a-glance overview of important events, allowing readers to trace the evolution of the invasion and occupation of Afghanistan. The 2001 U.S.-led war in Afghanistan, launched in response to 9/11, aimed to dismantle Al-Qaeda and topple the Taliban regime. While the initial invasion achieved these goals, the war transformed into a long and costly struggle against insurgents. Despite efforts to build a new Afghan state, the conflict quickly became a stalemate. The 2021 withdrawal by the United States and NATO and the subsequent return to power of the Taliban ended a war with a complex legacy. The protracted conflict reshaped the United States' role in the world, highlighted the challenges of nation-building, and has left the future of Afghanistan uncertain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N4XWIJNE,2026-04-16,"Ryan Wadle, Paul J. Springer",Bloomsbury,,2026-02-06T08:56:53Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,The Afghanistan War Encyclopedia,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 218,Central Intelligence Agency in Afghanistan,Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/afghanistan-war-encyclopedia-9781440870460/,"Discover the complexities of the Afghanistan War, the United States' longest military operation and a conflict with far-reaching impacts in Afghanistan and around the globe. In this accessible ready-reference encyclopedia, more than 200 entries highlight key people, groups, battles, and concepts and provide valuable insights into the causes, course, and legacy of this lengthy conflict. Cross referencing and further readings accompany each entry, helping readers make connections and pointing them toward resources for additional study. The main text is complemented by a chronology that provides an at-a-glance overview of important events, allowing readers to trace the evolution of the invasion and occupation of Afghanistan. The 2001 U.S.-led war in Afghanistan, launched in response to 9/11, aimed to dismantle Al-Qaeda and topple the Taliban regime. While the initial invasion achieved these goals, the war transformed into a long and costly struggle against insurgents. Despite efforts to build a new Afghan state, the conflict quickly became a stalemate. The 2021 withdrawal by the United States and NATO and the subsequent return to power of the Taliban ended a war with a complex legacy. The protracted conflict reshaped the United States' role in the world, highlighted the challenges of nation-building, and has left the future of Afghanistan uncertain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RMJVIEJ2,2026-04-16,"Ryan Wadle, Paul J. Springer",Bloomsbury,,2026-02-06T08:58:53Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,The Afghanistan War Encyclopedia,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 219,Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) Directorate of Pakistan,Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/afghanistan-war-encyclopedia-9781440870460/,"Discover the complexities of the Afghanistan War, the United States' longest military operation and a conflict with far-reaching impacts in Afghanistan and around the globe. In this accessible ready-reference encyclopedia, more than 200 entries highlight key people, groups, battles, and concepts and provide valuable insights into the causes, course, and legacy of this lengthy conflict. Cross referencing and further readings accompany each entry, helping readers make connections and pointing them toward resources for additional study. The main text is complemented by a chronology that provides an at-a-glance overview of important events, allowing readers to trace the evolution of the invasion and occupation of Afghanistan. The 2001 U.S.-led war in Afghanistan, launched in response to 9/11, aimed to dismantle Al-Qaeda and topple the Taliban regime. While the initial invasion achieved these goals, the war transformed into a long and costly struggle against insurgents. Despite efforts to build a new Afghan state, the conflict quickly became a stalemate. The 2021 withdrawal by the United States and NATO and the subsequent return to power of the Taliban ended a war with a complex legacy. The protracted conflict reshaped the United States' role in the world, highlighted the challenges of nation-building, and has left the future of Afghanistan uncertain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XY4VS483,2026-04-16,"Ryan Wadle, Paul J. Springer",Bloomsbury,,2026-02-06T08:59:08Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,The Afghanistan War Encyclopedia,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 220,"Wiley-VCH - Planning, Intelligence, and the Art of War: Research Methods to Support Military Operations",Book,https://www.wiley-vch.de/en/areas-interest/humanities-social-sciences/political-science-12po/international-relations-12po3/military-security-intelligence-12po33/planning-intelligence-and-the-art-of-war-978-1-394-35685-0,"A practical framework for aligning intelligence analysis with operational military planning and forecasting Planning, Intelligence, and the Art of War equips military planners and intelligence professionals with a clear methodology for synchronizing intelligence support with the demands of modern, multi-domain operations. With an emphasis on forecasting--anticipating how military force might resolve emerging crises--this comprehensive resource bridges the gap between theoretical understanding and real-world application. Michael W. Fowler guides planners in articulating their intelligence needs and offers analysts a systematic approach to meeting them, from the formulation of courses of action to the development of robust collection plans. Through a focused exploration of operational-level research methods, Planning, Intelligence, and the Art of War equips practitioners with the analytical tools necessary to evaluate adversary capabilities, forecast behaviors, and support decision-making across. With practical examples applicable to air, maritime, space, cyber, and special operations domains, this book is structured to address the learning curve associated with transitioning to higher levels of command. Tailored for those navigating the complexity of joint task forces and combatant commands, Planning, Intelligence, and the Art of War: * Offers a step-by-step approach to creating intelligence forecasts at the operational level * Organizes operational analysis around a phased model of conflict escalation for clarity and coherence * Features a unique framework for analyzing partner nation behavior and military cooperation * Provides specific techniques for aligning intelligence products with the needs of joint force commanders * Addresses the critical challenge of building collection plans tied to priority intelligence requirements Drawing from decades of operational lessons learned, Planning, Intelligence, and the Art of War: Research Methods to Support Military Operations is essential reading for military officers, analysts, and planners operating at joint or component command levels. It supports coursework in military and strategic studies, intelligence analysis, and security studies at both undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable tool for professional military education programs and wargame designers seeking to integrate realistic intelligence scenarios into operational simulations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2BU7XQU,2026-03-01,Michael W. Fowler,John Wiley & Sons,,2026-02-06T08:54:25Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 221,Searching For A Holistic Response To Hybrid Threats: The Case Of Hdts In Military Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003668343-19/searching-holistic-response-hybrid-threats-case-hdts-military-intelligence-ciro-sbail%C3%B2,"Western democracies today face structural vulnerabilities driven by the widening gap between technological advancement and regulatory capacity, as well as the asymmetry between Westernization and democratization. This imbalance expands the attack surface for hostile actors, blurring the lines between war and politics, civilian and military domains, and physical and digital spaces. Military intelligence is at the core of this transformation, where the distinction between observation and intervention is increasingly blurred. In this context, Human Digital Twins (HDTs) emerge as a groundbreaking technology capable of integrating biometric, behavioral, and cognitive data to model strategic scenarios with unprecedented precision. Already employed in critical fields such as national security and crisis management, HDTs offer new predictive and proactive capabilities, shifting intelligence from a defensive tool to a strategic intervention mechanism. The integration of quantum mechanics principles into HDT models could revolutionize strategic analysis, surpassing deterministic paradigms and enabling adaptive management of geopolitical complexity. However, their deployment raises critical ethical and political concerns: the ability to shape and influence reality necessitates a rigorous reflection on transparency, accountability, and fundamental rights. This chapter explores the potential of HDTs in intelligence, analyzing the epistemological and operational implications of a new decision-making paradigm. Between opportunities and risks, the balance between innovation and governance will determine the role of this technology in strengthening democratic resilience and global security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZSYHYZXG,2026-02-20,Ciro Sbailò,Routledge,,2026-02-03T13:06:05Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,"Security, Constitutionalism and Legal Systems",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 222,Peacekeeping From Above: Drone Intelligence in UN Peace Operations and the Case of MINUSCA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2026.2615284,"The nature of armed conflicts and conflict resolution efforts has, in the last couple of decades, undergone a significant transformation that was accelerated by rapid technological advancement. Digitalization and the transformative potential of artificial intelligence have seemingly the potential not only to escalate tensions, but also to enhance situational awareness, support monitoring, and facilitate data collection for peace and state-building efforts. In recent years, the research, design, and operational deployment of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs), with onboard sensors and multi-camera vision, have garnered growing attention and are increasingly utilized for intelligence gathering as part of international peace operations. The United Nations has been particularly active in promoting the integration of drone intelligence to enhance situational awareness and its monitoring capabilities. Despite the seemingly practical applicability of UASs in operational environments, ethical and legal concerns are still shaping the scholarly debate, with an emphasis on the associated national security implications for host states. Based on an in-depth literature review and personal field experiences from the UN operation in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), this article aims to contextualize and address the potential utilization of drone intelligence in UN peace operations and add new insights and lessons learnt from the field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TSG6RWUF,2026-01-29,"Richárd Schneider, David Vogel, János Besenyő",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2026-02-03T11:07:05Z,['PBHFUE8W'],10.1080/08850607.2026.2615284,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7126025672,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 223,Modernist Poetry in the Hands of Spies: Poetic Secrecy and the Secret Service,Journal article,https://hal.science/hal-05478866,"In Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939–1961 (1987), Robin Winks was the first to highlight the remarkable role played by English scholars of poetry—especially from Yale—in American counterintelligence during the OSS era. Formed in June 1942, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) included Yale professor Norman Holmes Pearson, head of counterintelligence (X-2) in Europe until 1945, and his former student James Jesus Angleton, future head of CIA counterintelligence from 1954 to 1975. These inter- sections between poetry and espionage have drawn growing scholarly attention in the past three decades. Eliot Weinberger, Michael Holzman, and John Kimsey have notably traced how New Critical methods, with their focus on ambiguity, parallel the practices of intelligence analysis. This article explores how such ties between poetic and state secrecy shaped the Modernist canon from the 1940s onward. By looking first into Pearson’s relationship with H.D. (Hilda Doolittle), it spotlights him as a paradoxical figure, positioned at the crossroads between institutional orthodoxy and radical avant-garde. It then suggests that Angleton’s brief but significant relationship with Ezra Pound can give us new insights into both Cold War literary studies and Modernist textuality itself.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DJEHRWDJ,2025,Berengere Riou,Klincksieck,Etudes Anglaises,2026-02-03T11:06:31Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 224,RUSSIAN AND GERMAN AGENT INTELLIGENCE BEFORE AND DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (1914–1918): AN ANALYSIS BASED ON K. K. ZVONAREV,Journal article,https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi/article/view/4892,"This text examines the activities of Russian imperial agent intelligence in the period leading up to the Russo–Japanese War of 1904–1905. It focuses on the intelligence systems operated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Police Department), and the Ministry of the Imperial Court. The document describes how “black cabinets” were used to intercept diplomatic correspondence, how foreign ciphers and codes were acquired, and how ambassadors, consuls, and personal adjutants were employed in gathering secret political, diplomatic, and military information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7UP59IMI,2026-01-21,Boltaev Okhun,,Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Innovations,2026-02-01T08:04:07Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 225,How satellite imagery is reshaping open-source intelligence | The Economist Insider,Video,https://www.economist.com/insider/inside-defence/how-satellite-imagery-is-reshaping-open-source-intelligence,"Spycraft is democratising. Open-source intelligence—OSINT—gathered by amateurs and entrepreneurs challenges the state monopoly on information. But the boom in OSINT has implications for national security. Shashank Joshi, The Economist's defence editor, sits down with Will Marshall, the CEO and co-founder of Planet, a satellite company, at the World Economic Forum in Davos. They discuss the ethical quandaries tech companies face when engaging in conflict zones and how AI will transform OSINT.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PCY4NIHY,2026-01-27,Will Marshall,,,2026-01-29T08:50:25Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'PBHFUE8W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 226,Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT),Book chapter,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QW7PD9F3,2026,"Hedvig Ördén, Kira Vrist Rønn",Myndigheten för psykologiskt försvar,,2026-01-29T08:32:55Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,Psychological Defence and Information Influence - a textbook on theory and practice,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 227,Enhancing U.S. Intelligence Resilience Through Strategic Cognitive Diversity Management: A Historical Analysis for a Dynamic Global Landscape,Thesis,https://www.proquest.com/docview/3294655817/abstract/5D3D7E80DE964A3CPQ/1,"In an era defined by complexity, technological acceleration, and geopolitical uncertainty, the resilience of the United States Intelligence Community depends not only on technical sophistication but also on the strategic management of cognitive diversity. While management and organizational scholarship emphasize the value of diverse perspectives for innovation and adaptability, intelligence studies have rarely examined this factor within the intelligence cycle. This study addresses that gap by investigating how cognitive diversity has historically shaped the effectiveness and resilience of intelligence across the major eras of U.S. intelligence practice: World War II, the Cold War, and the War on Terror. Guided by constructivist realism, contingency, and life history theory, this research integrates principles from political science and evolutionary biology to explore how organizations adapt within complex ecosystems. A qualitative, comparative historical case design was employed, supported by NVivo-assisted content and thematic analysis. The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework and Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) were applied to examine how institutional rules, power dynamics, and social structures influenced the integration of cognitive diversity within intelligence operations. Nine pivotal case studies, ranging from the Tizard Mission and Ultra Intelligence to DARPA’s Total Information Awareness program, served as natural experiments in adaptation and exclusion. Findings indicate that cognitive diversity most strongly enhanced the planning and direction, analysis and production, and evaluation and feedback phases of the intelligence cycle, while benefits to collection and dissemination were less consistent. The research introduces the concept of bounded diversity, in which cognitively diverse talent exists but is constrained by hierarchical decision-making, security classification, or epistemic gatekeeping. Under such conditions, diversity yields short-term gains but inhibits long-term adaptability and institutional learning. Over time, cognitive diversity evolved from an incidental advantage in World War II to a selective instrument during the Cold War and a contested necessity in the War on Terror. This study extends theories of bounded rationality, organizational learning, and institutional adaptation into the domain of intelligence. Practically, it provides evidence-based insight that investment in cognitive diversity is not a rhetorical commitment but a strategic imperative for ensuring the long-term resilience of the U.S. Intelligence Community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8ADE6SBM,2025-12-01,Nicole B. Morgan-Starks,,,2026-01-29T08:31:35Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,PhD Thesis,American Public University System,,,,,,,,, 228,Intelligence Failures: An Exploration of Key Theories,Journal article,https://revistacientificaesmic.com/index.php/esmic/article/view/1485,"This paper examines the organizational and structural factors that contribute to intelligence failures, with particular emphasis on institutional coordination challenges. Recent events, including the October 7 attacks in Israel and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, illustrate persistent vulnerabilities in early warning systems and inter-agency collaboration. The analysis reveals that contemporary intelligence failures stem not from information scarcity but from problems of signal-noise discrimination, institutional fragmentation, and the politicization of intelligence processes. The expanding scope of national security, encompassing cybersecurity, economic stability, public health, and climate risks, demands enhanced coordination across agencies, disciplines, and international partners. Drawing on foundational intelligence studies and recent case analyses, the research demonstrates how open-source intelligence integration, cognitive biases, and bureaucratic dysfunctions systematically undermine effective threat anticipation and strategic warning capabilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JF6CYAEQ,2026-01-26,"Luigi Martino, Claudio Paya-Santos",,Revista Científica General José María Córdova,2026-01-29T08:30:01Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.21830/19006586.1485,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125814939,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://revistacientificaesmic.com/index.php/esmic/article/download/1485/1532, 229,A Spy Amongst Us: Daniel Defoe's Secret Service and the Plot to End Scottish Independence,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/book/9780300260168/a-spy-amongst-us/,"In 1706, Edinburgh was on the brink of a popular uprising. Men and women took to the streets to protest the planned union with England, fearing the end of Scottish sovereignty. But unbeknownst to the mob, a spy was in their midst—the English writer Daniel Defoe, now bankrupt and thrice pilloried, had turned a government agent. Marc Mierowsky tells the dramatic story of Defoe and his fellow spies as they sabotaged the Scottish independence movement from the inside. Together they disseminated propaganda and built a network of operatives from London to the upper Highlands, providing the English government with up-to-the-minute intelligence and monitoring its adversaries’ every move. Through the lives of Defoe and his ring, their handlers, and opponents, Mierowsky guides us through this shadowy underworld of espionage and propaganda—revealing a disturbing and distinctly modern political campaign.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FRJQ5NPD,2026-02-10,Marc Mierowsky,Yale University Press London,,2026-01-29T08:28:19Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 230,"Le Carré, democratic crisis, antisemitism: the political odyssey of The spy who came in from the cold",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1057/s41296-026-00792-1,"The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, John le Carré’s masterpiece, provides a unique opportunity to address a fundamental dilemma facing democracies: what can they do to defend themselves and remain worth defending? This article teases out two conceptions of democracy – one rooted in realism, the other in film noir – in the novel, its film adaption, and 2017 sequel to consider possible responses. The Spy’s reputation rests on a damning critique of the west for its Cold War conduct. What has gone unappreciated, even by le Carré himself, is antisemitism’s role in the novel. While the novel capitalizes on the west’s fear that it might turn into the enemy it’s fighting, it suggests the enemy to be feared is not Soviet Russia but Nazi Germany, that is, something even worse than the enemy it was fighting. Le Carré quickly retreated from The Spy’s disconcerting theorizations, domesticating them in both the film and sequel. What might account for this retreat? The idea of necessary fictions essential to democracy, especially in wartime, is one explanation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7TP5P4B7,2026-01-23,Steven Johnston,,Contemporary Political Theory,2026-01-27T08:02:55Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1057/s41296-026-00792-1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125519352,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 231,Why Is Cyber EspionageOne of the Top Threats to Australia’s National Security?,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_1,"The 2024 AustralianSecurity intelligence Security IntelligenceIntelligence OrganizationSecurity intelligence (ASIO) threat assessment reiterated espionageEspionage, among other issues, and according to the Director-General, the threat level for espionageEspionage is highest. Now the question remains: why is espionageEspionage, or a more sophisticated yet effective variant, cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage, more brutal than a nuclear strike? CyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage poses a direct threat to global security, and it’s evident that traditional cybersecurityCybersecurity measures have limitations. These measures primarily focus on addressing threats to critical infrastructureCritical infrastructure through penetration testing exercises, but they are not equipped to handle the complexity and scale of cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage. This underscores the need for new and innovative approaches. State-sponsored cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage actors utilize highly sophisticated Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP) to develop malicious software. This software is carefully crafted to conduct espionageEspionage activities that can evade detection by current defenses, emphasizing the severity of the cyber espionageCyber espionage threat. To delve deeper into the cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage ecosystem and devise appropriate countermeasures, it is crucial to highlight the key challenges associated with espionageEspionage. In this chapter, we present the four key challenges as the initial steps to focus on the investigations and developing countermeasures on a larger scale. These investigations and countermeasures are of utmost significance in addressing the national securityNational security concerns.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MAWHKMX2,2026,"Munir Saeed, Mohiuddin Ahmed, Abu S. S. M. Barkat Ullah",Springer Nature Switzerland,,2026-01-27T08:00:18Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_1,Cyber Espionage and National Security Challenges: Cyber Wargaming for Critical Infrastructures,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125510174,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 232,The Underbelly of Cyber Espionage,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_4,"Data exfiltrationData exfiltration is one of the primary objectives of cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage and it relies on a Command and ControlCommand and control (C2) (C2) infrastructure. This chapter explores how various Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolInternet Protocol (IP) (TCP/IP)Transport Control Protocol (TCP) protocols can be exploited or manipulated to establish covert channelsCovert channels for data exfiltrationData exfiltration. It highlights the use of both standard protocols such as HTTP, SSH, TCPTransport Control Protocol (TCP), UDP, and DNS and custom protocols that leverage the TCPTransport Control Protocol (TCP)/IP stack for C2Command and control (C2) communication. Key methods include modifying protocol header fields to conceal data and using protocol tunnellingProtocol tunnelling to disguise traffic by wrapping it in another protocol. The chapter concludes by examining the numerous attack vectors and the commonly used tools and techniques for C2Command and control (C2) and data exfiltrationData exfiltration, highlighting the challenges associated with their detection and mitigation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TEGGXG2U,2026,"Matthew Gaber, Mohiuddin Ahmed",Springer Nature Switzerland,,2026-01-27T08:00:55Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_4,Cyber Espionage and National Security Challenges: Cyber Wargaming for Critical Infrastructures,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125513326,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 233,"Cyber-Surveillance Technologies, National Security, and Human Rights in Africa",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_3,"This chapter investigates the deployment of surveillanceSurveillance technologies in African nations, examining their role in addressing security challenges while highlighting their implications for individual rights and governanceGovernance. The study focuses on selected African countries where governments have adopted advanced monitoring systems to combat threats such as terrorism and organised crime. While these measures are often justified as essential for safeguarding lives and maintaining order, they frequently lead to significant encroachments on privacyPrivacy, freedom of expression, and other fundamental liberties. Weak legal frameworks and insufficient oversight exacerbate the risks of misuse, enabling surveillanceSurveillance practices that undermine democratic values and human dignity. Through case studies and analysis of regulatory gaps, this chapter underscores the tension between state security objectives and the protection of civil libertiesCivil liberties. It argues that achieving a balance between these competing priorities requires robust legal safeguards, transparent governanceGovernance, and accountabilityAccountability mechanisms to preventSurveillance technologies surveillanceSurveillance powers from being abused. The study ultimately calls for a revaluation of current practices to ensure that technological advancements serve the public interest without compromising individual freedoms or eroding democratic principles.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CNYXFVIJ,2026,"Olalekan Moyosore Lalude, Dayo Akindipe, Oladimeji I. Idowu",Springer Nature Switzerland,,2026-01-27T08:00:55Z,"['8XXD789V', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_3,Cyber Espionage and National Security Challenges: Cyber Wargaming for Critical Infrastructures,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125515443,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 234,AI and Espionage: AI for Spyware Development,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_6,"The incorporation of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence (AI)Intelligence within the domain of espionageEspionage signifies a fundamental transformation in the paradigm of cyber surveillanceSurveillance. This chapter investigates the methodologies by which AI technologies are utilized in the formulation and implementation of sophisticated spywareSpyware systems. Ranging from intelligent data acquisition to covert evasion strategies, AI significantly amplifies the capability, accuracy, and breadth of contemporary surveillanceSurveillance instruments employed in both state-sponsored and non-state cyber activities. The chapter examines the technological frameworks through which AI enhances the effectiveness of spywareSpyware, encompassing machine learningMachine learning for behavioral analysis, natural language processing for interception of communications, and computer vision for facial identification in clandestine operations. Furthermore, the ethical, legal, and geopolitical ramifications of AI-augmented spywareSpyware are rigorously scrutinized. The objective is to furnish a thorough comprehension of how AI is revolutionizing espionageEspionage, the challenges it poses to privacyPrivacy and security, and the potential responses that societies may adopt concerning this dual-use technologyDual-use technology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ESSNHG4Z,2026,"Mohammad Manzurul Islam, Md. Adnan Morshed, K. M. Safin Kamal, Md. Hasanul Ferdaus, Md. Sawkat Ali, Muhammad Firoz Mridha",Springer Nature Switzerland,,2026-01-27T08:00:55Z,"['8XXD789V', 'E5UVWK8S']",10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_6,Cyber Espionage and National Security Challenges: Cyber Wargaming for Critical Infrastructures,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125533013,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 235,The Digital Face of Espionage: Analyzing Cyber Threats to National Security,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_2,"With the rapid development and pervasive application of digital technologies, cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage has emerged as a critical concern in the realm of national securityNational security. It has been one of the key factors that is shaping geopolitical strategies and the protection of sensitive data. This chapter explores the fundamental concepts of cyber espionageCyber espionage, its historical origin, evolving methodologies, and the various entities engaged in such covert activities. Moreover, the chapter examines the complex interplay between cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage and national securityNational security through analyses of the technological enablers of cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage, the corresponding defensive strategiesDefensive strategies and mechanisms, associated legal frameworks, and global repercussions. Through an extensive review of the activities of state and non-state actors, the tools they employ, and their strategies and measures, readers of this chapter will develop a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage on national securityNational security and the future directions to mitigate such threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NU33CXM5,2026,"Md. Hasanul Ferdaus, Mohammed Golam Kaosar, Fares Alharbi, Md. Sawkat Ali, Mohammad Manzurul Islam, Rajkumar Buyya",Springer Nature Switzerland,,2026-01-27T08:00:55Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_2,Cyber Espionage and National Security Challenges: Cyber Wargaming for Critical Infrastructures,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125518575,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 236,Intelligence Conspiracy and Collaborations Through Cyberspace: How New Professional and Transformative Cybercrimes Affect Moroccan National Security?,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_5,"Cyberspace is currently a realm where various activities and acts of harm and crime thrive, growing and impacting national and international order and security. The weakness of accountabilityAccountability, control, and surveillanceSurveillance tools, along with the absence of an intergovernmental corps to establish law and attribute acts of harm and crime, encourages certain actors to exploit these gaps and misuse cyberspace, in collaboration with other criminal or terrorist organizations, to achieve objectives against national securityNational security and stability. Evidence and clues attest to the presence and rise of several other official and unofficial actors who are complicit with criminals in pursuing personal goals and individual interests against the national securityNational security of states. To demonstrate the existence and logic of our hypothesis, we will follow a paradigm of analysis, description, and critique that deciphers and describes the situation. And so, finding a new method to observe and justify the presence and qualify the existence of these practices, analyze their interactions, and finally explore their effects, developments, and impacts in the future will be the objective of our study.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KBMWZPVN,2026,Kezzoute Mhammed,Springer Nature Switzerland,,2026-01-27T08:00:55Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_5,Cyber Espionage and National Security Challenges: Cyber Wargaming for Critical Infrastructures,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125481015,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 237,Cyber Espionage and National Security Challenges: Cyber Wargaming for Critical Infrastructures,Book,https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XKY77ZED,2026,"Mohiuddin Ahmed, Sascha Dov Bachmann",Springer Nature Switzerland,,2026-01-27T08:00:00Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125520325,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-3-032-09423-0/1, 238,“Cambridge Five” Redux: Legal and Policy Implications of Cyber Espionage for Universities,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_8,"This chapter will explore the evolution of cyberEspionage espionageCyber espionage threats to higher educationHigher education institutions around the world, with a particular focus on the cyber domain as a vector to undertake theft of personal information, sensitive research and intellectual property. It will then identify both legal and policy-based limitations with university operating models and offer opportunities for legal or administrative intervention. The chapter will then conclude with an overview of the future of cyber espionageCyber espionage in the world of higher educationHigher education.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6K2M4UV6,2026,Brendan Walker-Munro,Springer Nature Switzerland,,2026-01-27T07:59:40Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1007/978-3-032-09423-0_8,Cyber Espionage and National Security Challenges: Cyber Wargaming for Critical Infrastructures,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125522563,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 239,"AJUSINT: Advancing defence information and intelligence sharing between Australia, Japan and the United States",Report,https://www.ussc.edu.au/ajusint-advancing-defence-information-and-intelligence-sharing-between-australia-japan-and-the-united-states,"Australia, Japan and the United States (AJUS) have articulated an expansive agenda for defence cooperation, ranging from joint military operations to sharing strategic assessments, greater defence industrial integration and command and control (C2) coordination. Yet realising these ambitions will be impossible without first deepening and expanding trilateral information and intelligence sharing between the three countries. Experts and practitioners alike agree that advancing such cooperation at the strategic, operational and tactical levels will be essential to realising almost every objective on the AJUS partnership’s agenda. Doing so will require overcoming a number of cultural, legal, political and technical barriers. Historically, Japan’s place outside of the Five Eyes (FVEY) partnership, along with a range of domestic legal and political factors, have constrained its ability to share information and intelligence more broadly with its AJUS partners. Though these constraints are beginning to loosen, capacity constraints in Australia and cumbersome information classification and release procedures in the United States are among a number of factors that will continue to slow progress on deepening trilateral information and intelligence sharing if left unaddressed. This report presents the views of three experienced policy professionals from all three countries on the current state of AJUS information and intelligence sharing, identifying points of consensus between the three countries on the essential next steps for advancing cooperation in this space. These include the following policy recommendations: Establishing a trilateral mechanism to identify and address key pain points in defence information and intelligence sharing between the AJUS countries, including comparative regulations, technical innovation and comparable implementation guidance across the three countries. Developing a roadmap for Japan towards achieving ‘Five Eyes-like’ sharing status with Australia and the United States, without necessarily being integrated into that grouping. Accelerating Australia’s integration into the US-Japan Bilateral Intelligence Analysis Cell (BIAC), with the objective of creating a trilateral intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) and maritime domain awareness (MDA) arrangement with a broad regional remit. Harmonising and, where prudent, combining separate bilateral defence industrial and technology initiatives to simplify and standardise information-sharing reforms across various trilateral projects. For Australia and Japan, greater cooperation on space-based intelligence collection figures as a means both for developing both countries’ sovereign capabilities and, by extension, making greater contributions to a trilateral defence information and intelligence sharing enterprise with the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6WJQFIKA,2025-09-10,"Tom Corben, Hirohito Ogi, Luke Collin, Carl Herse",,,2026-01-16T07:50:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 240,Pursuing technological supremacy and geopolitical power – Chinese and Russian espionage in Europe,Report,http://centrumbalticum.org/files/7095/BSR_Policy_Briefing_1_2026.pdf,"The resurgence of great power competition has intensified Chinese and Russian espionage activities in Europe, posing significant threats to security and stability. China seeks technological dominance through legal and covert means, while Russia, driven by its confrontation with the West and the war in Ukraine, engages in aggressive intelligence operations to bypass sanctions and destabilize societies. Both actors employ a blend of traditional human intelligence (HUMINT), sophisticated cyber operations, economic coercion, and influence campaigns targeting critical infrastructure and democratic institutions.This report analyses their goals, methods, and recent cases of political, military, technological, and cyber espionage, compares their strategies, and explores implications for European security, offering recommendations to strengthen resilience against these growing threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QZAU6GJ3,2026-01-01,Hanna Mäkinen,,,2026-01-25T14:10:44Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 241,A multi-stage agentic AI system for extracting information from large digital archives: case study on the Czechoslovak year 1968 in CIA’s FOIA collection,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-06-2025-0272,"This study aims to design, implement and evaluate a conceptual multi-stage artificial intelligence (AI) system for the systematic analysis of large, unstructured digital archives. Using the 1968 Prague Spring and subsequent Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia as a case study, the paper demonstrates how such a system can automate the extraction of historical intelligence from declassified documents, creating a time-resolved narrative from non-machine-readable sources.A multi-stage agentic system comprising eight specialized agents was developed to deconstruct the historical research workflow. The system was applied to the corpus of declassified President’s Daily Briefs from 1968 to 1969, sourced from the CIA’s FOIA Electronic Reading Room. The methodology integrates optical character recognition (OCR) and expert-guided prompt engineering and introduces a novel evaluation framework to quantitatively and qualitatively compare the performance of four distinct LLMs (GPT-5, Claude Sonnet 4.5, Grok 4 and Magistral Medium) across the 2,122-page corpus.The system produced three key outputs: a comprehensive monthly summary of intelligence reporting, a structured list of key named entities and a thematic quantification of the content. Critically, the comparative analysis reveals significant trade-offs in performance: GPT-5 achieved the highest output quality (F1 score: 0.731), while Claude Sonnet 4.5 offered superior cost-efficiency and processing speed. Moreover, Claude Sonnet 4.5 and Grok 4 demonstrated flawless operational stability, while Mistral Magistral Medium proved most effective at text reduction. These findings underscore that while AI enhances efficiency, expert human oversight remains essential for ensuring interpretive nuance.A primary limitation is the data acquisition process, due to the lack of a public API for the canonical data source, which affects long-term reproducibility. Furthermore, the reliance on OCR introduces a layer of potential error into the source text. The study implies that fully automated historical analysis is not yet fully feasible; rather, a human-in-the-loop, collaborative approach is essential for credible results.The proposed framework provides a replicable model for historians, archivists, librarians and intelligence analysts to unlock insights from vast, unstructured document collections. It streamlines labor-intensive tasks (e.g. data discovery, text extraction, summarization), allowing researchers to focus on higher-level analysis and interpretation.This paper’s primary novelty lies in presenting one of the first comprehensive frameworks for evaluating and benchmarking competing LLMs on complex historical analysis tasks using declassified intelligence documents. It moves beyond single-LLM case studies by offering a complete, end-to-end workflow that not only processes intelligence documents but also provides a replicable methodology for assessing the practical trade-offs (quality, cost and speed) between different AI models in a digital humanities’ context.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2UBXXQTE,2026-01-22,"Jan Černý, Kiril Avramov, Liladhar R. Pendse",,The Electronic Library,2026-01-25T14:08:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1108/EL-06-2025-0272,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125152583,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 242,FEMALE CONTRIBUTION TO INTELLIGENCE IN CORRELATION WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF GENDER EQUALITY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES,Journal article,https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/Impact_en/article/view/2295,"The female contribution to the world of espionage and Intelligence had to struggle for acknowledgement in an environment traditionally dominated by men. Today, integrating women into the Intelligence agencies and creating mixt groups of operatives and analysts is an ideological imperative, in line with the principle of gender equality, equity, and equal opportunities, as part of the human dimension of security. The motivation for choosing the topic lies in the fact that ignoring female agents’ warnings has caused wars and humanitarian catastrophes. This article entails three research questions: “Is there a difference between the professional quality of women in the field of Intelligence compared to that of men?”; “What features make women working in the world of espionage unique and irreplaceable?”; “How does the Intelligence Community treat female employees from the gender equality and equal opportunities point of view?” The purpose of these questions is not only to raise the issue of gender (in)equality in Intelligence services, but, above all, to raise awareness among security institutions of the need to have both men and women employed in Intelligence. The main objective of this research work is to provide an analysis of the application of the principle of gender equality and equal opportunities to women working in the world of espionage. The second objective is to present the perception of civil society, the media, and Intelligence institutions, such as OSS, CIA, NKGB, MI5, MOSSAD, and the former Romanian security service (‘Securitate’ from the Communist times) of female contribution to espionage from a gender perspective. This research offers not only a general perspective on equality between women and men, but also a specific one, oriented towards the presence of women in Romanian, American, Soviet, Israeli, and British Intelligence operations and towards the way in which the integration of women is an indicator of the level of equality achieved within military institutions and alike. In order to achieve the established objectives, the research employs the qualitative research method of discourse and content analysis, as well as the case study method. The sources of documentation are specialized works in the field of Intelligence that discuss gender equality and equal opportunities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/45GZMEVW,2025,Alida Monica Doriana Barbu,,Strategic Impact,2026-01-25T14:07:58Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.53477/1842-9904-25-29,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125399843,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/Impact_en/article/download/2295/2233, 243,17 POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND THE ANALYSIS OF INTELLIGENCE FAILURES,Book chapter,https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.7312/imme22154-018/html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/78AHPXNP,2026-01-06,Janice Gross Stein,Columbia University Press,,2026-01-25T14:06:54Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,The Jervis Effect: The Scholarship and Legacy of Robert Jervis,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 244,"Espionaje, rumores y susurros en el caribe transimperial. Las estrategias españolas en la contención británica del siglo XVIII [Espionage, Rumors and Whispers in the Trans-Imperial Caribbean: Spanish Strategies in the British Containment During the 18th Century]",Journal article,https://revistas.usal.es/uno/index.php/Studia_Historica/article/view/32323,"This article analyses how espionage, whispers, and rumours became intertwined with Caribbean information and trade networks amid the imperial rivalries of the late eighteenth century, particularly between Spain and England. It explores how, after the loss of its commercial monopoly, the Spanish Crown adopted a range of strategies to counter British political and economic influence in the Caribbean, especially along the Central American coasts. Among these measures were the deployment of privateers and the establishment of a spy network to gather intelligence on British activities. This intelligence informed decisions and actions aimed at undermining British power—particularly through Jamaica—and at curbing its economic reach along the Mosquito Coast, where Spanish efforts ultimately succeeded in frustrating British ambitions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T59VJ2RT,2025,"Raúl Román Romero, Antonino Vidal Ortega, Jorge Elías Caro",,Studia Historica: Historia Moderna,2026-01-25T14:05:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.14201/shhmo2025472185214,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125371151,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://revistas.usal.es/uno/index.php/Studia_Historica/article/download/32323/29939, 245,No Trace: ASIO and the End of the White Australia Policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2025.2607617,"This contribution to the special issue studies the history of the White Australia Policy through an exploration of the intersections between national security, immigration restriction and social reform. This is achieved through an examination of Australian Security Intelligence Organisation’s surveillance of immigration reformers, their organisations and their advocacy for the end of race-based immigration restriction. Informed by the extant historiography on Australian security intelligence, the paper delves into ASIO’s initial assumptions about communism and immigration reform, reflecting broader Cold War fears which support recent scholarly conclusions that ASIO was always predisposed to equate dissent with communist-inspired disloyalty. The study, however, discovers that ASIO’s findings at the time problematise such an analysis, providing further insights into both who the immigration reformers were and how they made their case, and ASIO’s organisational culture in the early 1960s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9MSZJMKM,2026-01-22,Sean Brawley,Routledge,The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,2026-01-25T14:04:41Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/03086534.2025.2607617,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7125428815,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 246,Possibilities for intelligence cooperation at EU level,Journal article,https://kbr.vsbm.sk/2025/n2/svrcekova.pdf,"In an era of globalised security threats – from terrorism and cyber-attacks to hybrid warfare and organised crime – European intelligence services increasingly rely on intensive international cooperation. New technologies enable the rapid and extensive sharing of sensitive data, while the transnational nature of threats forces agencies to cross national borders and build common networks, databases and coordination mechanisms. This cooperation has deepened significantly in recent years, making the European intelligence space one of the most integrated in the world. Paradoxically, this dynamic development of cooperation in the field of information gathering and exchange is contrasted by an almost complete absence of parallel progress in international oversight of intelligence services. Control and oversight remain largely a national domain, constrained by strict national rules and limited capacity to scrutinise cross-border activities. This asymmetric development raises fundamental questions about democratic legitimacy, the protection of fundamental rights and accountability in an era of massive intelligence sharing. This article addresses this imbalance, analysing the current state of European intelligence cooperation, mapping key institutions and information-sharing mechanisms, and, above all, examining weaknesses in transnational oversight. The aim is to highlight the risks stemming from the absence of effective international oversight mechanisms and to suggest possible ways to strengthen them in order to ensure a balance between security needs and the protection of democratic principles in Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CK6RDW6Q,2025-12-01,Zuzana SVRČEKOVÁ,University of Security Management in Košice,Košická bezpečnostná revue,2026-01-25T14:02:32Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 247,The Chinese embassy is a red herring. Real spooks have ey...,Magazine article,https://observer.co.uk/news/national/article/chinese-embassy-a-red-herring,The row over the CCP’s new London base misses what MI5 already knows: concerns about spying go much further than tapped cables,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RKYW6MC7,2026-01-21,Gordon Corera,,Observer,2026-01-23T12:41:31Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 248,"Black Scare, Red Scare: The FBI’s Covert War on Black Radical Activism",Thesis,https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/3655,"Black resistance movements have always existed to push the envelope and fight to establish political agency and freedom against the state and surrounding institutions that work to dispose of and disenfranchise Black communities across the U.S. The contentious relationship between the U.S. government and leftist movements is a rich and developed ground of scholarship analyzing how repression emerges and evolves across time as a tool against social movements fighting for change. This scholarship however misses how state agencies work to undermine and racially flatten Black radical movements through crafting official, racialized narratives and images that reshape what these movements represent. In the context of the FBI’s counterintelligence program (COINTELPRO) against Black Nationalists in the late 1960s, I analyze how the bureau discursively constructs Black activists as dangerous, immoral threats to society while activists themselves work to frame and establish themselves and what they stand for politically amid this period of repression. This project contributes to discussions of political repression on Black radical activism that has implications for scholars studying social movement repression by the state and for the wider public with the ongoing repression and counterinsurgency work enacted against Black movements today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/27AWPDJ8,2025-05-01,Christian Maddox,,,2026-01-22T13:09:38Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Master's Thesis,Washington University in St. Louis,,,,,,,,, 249,Hârezmşahlar Devleti’nde İstihbarat Faaliyetleri (1097-1220),Journal article,https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/usad/article/1760177,"Hârezmşahlar Devleti’nde resmî haberleşme ve postacılık hizmetleri divân-ı inşâ’ya bağlı olarak yürütülmüş, gizli istihbarat ve casusluk faaliyetleri daha ziyade üst düzey askerî ve idarî devlet ricalinin kendi görev alanlarına yönelik sorumlulukları kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Sultanlar, komutanlar ve valiler kendi casusları veya haber kaynakları vasıtasıyla istihbarat toplamaya özen göstermişlerdir. Bu sayede sultanların ve devlet merkezinin her durumdan haberdar edilmesi esasına dayanan bir istihbarat mekanizması işletilmiştir. Hârezmşahlar döneminin siyasî-askerî hadiselerinde casuslar ve münhîler aktif bir rol oynamıştır. İstihbarat toplamanın yanı sıra hileye dayalı örtülü operasyonlar yürütülmüş ve yerel unsurlarla gizli temaslar kurulmuştur. Ayrıca elçi ve tacirlerin istihbarî fonksiyonlarından istifade edilmiştir. Askerî sahada daha ziyade yezek adı verilen keşif birlikleri tarafından istihbarat toplanmıştır. Karşı istihbaratla mücadele kapsamında ise özellikle yol muhafızları kontrol ve denetleme işlevi görmüştür. Ancak dönemin en hızlı ve en etkili istihbarat mekanizmasına sahip olan Moğollar karşısında Hârezmşah istihbaratı yetersiz kalmıştır. Bu istihbarat zafiyeti, bilgiye ulaşamamaktan ziyade elde edilen bilginin doğru bir şekilde değerlendirilememesinden kaynaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Hârezmşahlar Devleti’nin istihbarat faaliyetleri ele alınarak dönemin ana kaynaklarından elde edilen veriler tarihsel analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bu sayede Hârezmşah devlet idaresinde istihbarat faaliyetlerinin işleyişi ile dönemin siyasî-askerî mücadelelerinin arka planında yer alan haber alma ve casusluk faaliyetlerinin rolü ve öneminin anlaşılması hedeflenmiştir.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YCUZ7LRD,2025-12-31,Yavuz Delibalta,Selçuk Üniversitesi,Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi,2026-01-22T13:05:43Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.23897/usad.1760177,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7117762556,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/5131798, 250,"Treason, Terrorism, and Betrayal: Why Individuals Cross the Line",Book,https://www.rienner.com/title/Treason_Terrorism_and_Betrayal_Why_Individuals_Cross_the_Line,"Aldrich Ames. Timothy McVeigh. Kim Philby. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Edward Snowden. These are just a few of the people well known for willfully jeopardizing US national security. What compelled them and others like them to commit such acts? Can the danger be detected before it’s too late? William Costanza employs an interdisciplinary approach to reveal the many intertwined factors that might lead a person down a path to espionage, terrorism, or betrayal. Drawing on a wide range of detailed case studies, he proposes tools for better understanding why some individuals ""cross the line"" and, as a result, for better deterring threats. William Costanza, a scholar in the field of intelligence and security studies, served as a senior operations officer with the CIA for more than two decades.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QPUYASZI,2025-12-01,William Costanza,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2026-01-22T12:52:09Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 251,IN THE SHADOW OF THE THREAT FROM WEIMAR GERMANY. ON THE ACTIVITIES OF POLISH COUNTERINTELLIGENCE IN UPPER SILESIA,Journal article,https://journals.prz.edu.pl/hss/article/view/2179,"In the autumn of 1918, after 123 years of partition, Poland regained its long-awaited independence. The Weimar Republic and Bolshevik Russia, unwilling to accept the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, sought its revision – and, more specifically, war with Poland. The country’s security was under serious threat. Despite the restrictions imposed at the Versailles Conference, Germany quickly managed to organize secret intelligence operations directed against Poland. The task of countering German espionage was entrusted to the Second Bureau of the General Staff of the Polish Army. The Abwehr’s activities in Upper Silesia enjoyed particularly favourable conditions for conducting espionage. Polish counterintelligence authorities, however, faced numerous difficulties – especially the chronic shortage of funds to combat the influence of German intelligence. Furthermore, the protection of military secrets was insufficient and often misinterpreted. A gradual improvement in this regard became evident in the second half of the 1920s, when the effectiveness of counter-espionage efforts increased significantly, including within the territory of Upper Silesia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZSBTETJK,2025-12-31,Henryk Ćwięk,,Humanities and Social Sciences,2026-01-22T09:06:53Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.7862/rz.2025.hss.39,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7123364413,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://journals.prz.edu.pl/hss/article/download/2179/1553, 252,"Innovative Conception, Policy and Strategy for Education and Training for Proactive Cyber Counterintelligence and Defence",Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1391236,"The article presents an innovative conception, policy and strategy for education and training for proactive cyber counterintelligence and defense. The research concentrates around complexity and problematics of modern day cyber operations, exercise and preparedness for counterintelligence and defense. The article also exposes current challenges in the cybersecurity domain with regards to planning, preparing, training, execution and training feedback level of successful cyber exercises. The article reviews the gaps found in current cyber concepts for education and training strategies. Based on the long term participation in the largest live fire international cyber exercises and having rich experience and knowledge on the matter the author provides perspective for a new approach for addressing some of the existing gaps in cyber preparedness via way of proposing innovative conception, policy and strategies education and training for proactive counterintelligence and defense, addressing existing nowadays weaknesses during training, planning and execution of cyber operations preparedness scenarios.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G2YTYZQI,2025,Petar E. Manev,Национално издателство за образование и наука „Аз-буки“,Стратегии на образователната и научната политика,2026-01-22T09:04:18Z,"['8XXD789V', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 253,Espionage or Exploration? Arthur Wavell and the Blurred Lines of Imperial Intent in the Ottoman Frontier,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/16118944251409632,"In October 1910, Arthur John Byng Wavell, a former British military-officer-turned-geographer, arrived in Hodeida to explore the Arabian Peninsula under the accreditation of the Royal Geographical Society of London. His presence exacerbated an ongoing Ottoman security crisis, which later escalated into a diplomatic setback between the British and Ottoman governments. While Wavell and British authorities claimed he was an explorer, Ottoman officials suspected him of espionage. This research situates Wavell's story within the larger context of British imperial expansion into Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, alongside intelligence operations targeting the Ottoman Empire at the turn of the century. By drawing on Wavell's memoirs and both British and Ottoman archival materials, it also examines Ottoman intelligence efforts and highlights how the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and the subsequent abolition of spying compromised security in the Empire's borderlands during the Committee of Union and Progress's governance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K3JFCVA4,2026-01-19,Arda Akinci,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Modern European History,2026-01-22T08:54:30Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1177/16118944251409632,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7124832402,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 254,A Short Introduction to Geospatial Intelligence,Book,https://www.routledge.com/A-Short-Introduction-to-Geospatial-Intelligence/OConnor/p/book/9781032566948,"A Short Introduction to Geospatial Intelligence explains the newest form of intelligence used by governments, commercial organizations, and individuals. Geospatial intelligence combines late 20th century historically derived ways of thinking and early 21st century technologies of GIS, GPS, digital imaging satellites and communications satellites to identify, measure, and analyze the current risk in the world. These ways of thinking have developed from military engineering, cartography, photointerpretation, and imagery analysis. While the oldest example dates back to the early 16th century, all the ways of spatial thinking share the common thread of being developed and refined during conflicts to help military leaders make informed decisions prior to action. In the 21st century— thanks in great part to advances in digital precision technology, miniaturization, and the commercialization of satellites— these ways of thinking have expanded from the military into various other industries and sectors including energy, agriculture, environment, law enforcement, global risk assessment, and climate monitoring. Features: Analyzes human and algorithmic models for dealing with the challenge of analytic attention, in an age of geospatial data overload Establishes an original model— envisioning, discovery, recording, comprehending, and tracking— for the spatial thinking that underpins the practice and growth of this emerging discipline Addresses the effects of small satellites on the collection and analysis of geospatial intelligence A Short Introduction to Geospatial Intelligence describes the development of the five steps in geospatial thinking— envisioning, discovery, recording, comprehending, and tracking— in addition to addressing the challenges, and future applications, of this newest intelligence discipline.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELNFJHUV,2023-10-27,Jack O'Connor,Routledge,,2025-12-12T12:38:28Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 255,U.S. Intelligence Agencies Have Not Aged Well,Blog post,https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/u.s.-intelligence-agencies-have-not-aged-well,"A review of Jeffrey P. Rogg, “The Spy and the State: The History of American Intelligence” (Oxford University Press, 2025).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ILRID4NZ,2025-12-23,Mark Stout,,,2025-12-29T23:32:21Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 256,The Spy of the Rebellion - Nebraska Press,Book,https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska-paperback/9780803287228/the-spy-of-the-rebellion/,"In this colorful narrative history, the founder of Pinkerton National Detective agency describes his successful thwarting of an assassination plot against President-elect Lincoln early in 1861 and his exploits as an operative during the crucial years of the Civil War. Allan Pinkerton, using the pseudonym of Major E. J. Allen, headed an espionage organization that fed information bout the Confederate Army to Major General George B. McClellan. At the heart of The Spy of the Rebellion are his entertaining anecdotes concerning the methods by which he recruited and managed his agents. Originally published in 1883, it is a fast-paced story full of narrow escapes, violent episodes, nefarious schemes, and candid conversations with the most famous and powerful people of the time. Here are the beleaguered General McClellan, the benign President Lincoln, the villainous Secretary of war Edwin Stanton, the notorious Rebel spy Mrs. Rose Greenhow, and countless others. In his introduction to this edition, Patrick Bass evaluates The Spy of the Rebellions as history, adding that it ""serves historical comprehension in the same manner that good fiction often does, through almost subconscious means, through an indefinable feel for the milieu it imparts to the reader.""",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3ACHUUA,1989-10-01,Allan Pinkerton,University of Nebraska Press,,2026-01-20T07:07:11Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 257,The Influence of Green Leadership in Intelligence Functions Mediated by Organizational Culture on Improving Job Performance of the Jayakarta Military Regional Command [Indonesia],Journal article,https://www.ijrss.org/index.php/ijrss/article/view/852,"This study aims to analyze the effect of green leadership within intelligence functions, mediated by organizational culture, on improving job performance at the Jayakarta Military Regional Command. The research background emphasizes the importance of adaptive, ethical, and sustainability-oriented leadership in intelligence units operating amid dynamic threats, task confidentiality, and professional demands. A strong organizational culture is viewed as capable of strengthening investigative intelligence behavior and enhancing personnel performance. The study employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires administered to leadership elements, support staff, and operational personnel, complemented by Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and limited interviews as operational checking. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that all constructs demonstrate high reliability and adequate validity. Empirically, investigative intelligence behavior has a strong influence on organizational culture and job performance, with organizational culture proven to be a significant mediating variable. The findings confirm that green leadership is able to foster a harmonious, ethical, and conducive organizational culture that enhances soldiers’ performance. The study concludes that green leadership and organizational culture are strategic determinants in improving the performance of intelligence personnel at Kodam Jaya. Field findings also highlight the need to strengthen human resources through the placement of officers with competencies in information technology, cyber, and legal fields. The research scope, which is limited to the Jakarta region, provides opportunities for further studies in other intelligence units.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QGRYJZDK,2026-01-04,"Zeni Djunaidhi, Agus Sholahuddin, Kridawati Sadhana",,"International Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities (IJRSS) ISSN:2582-6220, DOI: 10.47505/IJRSS",2026-01-20T07:05:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.47505/IJRSS.2026.1.19,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7127963100,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://ijrss.org/index.php/ijrss/article/download/850/511/1257, 258,"A Study on the Investigative Powers of Northeast Asian Intelligence Agencies in the Era of AI, Deepfake Advanced Technologies",Journal article,https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART003294368,"Purpose: Northeast Asia has experienced rapid economic growth, leading to affluence. At the same time, the development of the Internet has led to an indiscriminate influx of information, transforming the security environ-ment. In a knowledge-based information society, the emergence of the Internet and social networking services (SNS) has made national security inextricably linked to (1) technical cyberattacks and (2) psychological cyberat-tacks. While espionage in the past was conducted under orders, it is now shifting to the role of self-generated national security crimes. This is a tactic that uses the enemy nation's internet and social media operations to or-ganically increase anti-state organizations, ultimately fostering a social atmosphere that benefits their own na-tion's interests. Method: Based on previous studies, this research established an analytical framework to demonstrate the ne-cessity of the study, drawing on current laws, domestic and international monographs, academic articles, research reports, legislative materials from the National Assembly, news articles, and statistical data from government agencies. Results: This study is an expanded and revised English version of a paper originally published in Korean. Build-ing on the previous discussion of establishing a personnel management system for intelligence agencies, expand-ing professional manpower, and strengthening inter-agency cooperation, this study further examines the necessi-ty of investigative powers for intelligence agencies in the era of AI and deepfake technologies. Conclusion: Northeast Asia, a buffer state between major powers, has consistently faced national security cri-ses such as war, terrorism, and assassinations. Now, in the era of AI and deepfake technology, it faces a new phase. Therefore, this study examines the threats we face and suggests the role of intelligence agencies in the age of AI and deepfake technology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QMNHS6F8,2025-12-01,Cho Sung-Gu,KOAJ,Robotics & AI Ethics,2026-01-20T06:58:45Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 259,Russian and Belarusian Disinformation Operations Targeting Poland and Selected Nato Member States,Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8BRJVVK5,2025,Anna Grabowska-Siwiec,University of Bialystok,"Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric",2026-01-18T17:40:24Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MQMHZUFD']",10.2478/slgr-2025-0059,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7119710939,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://reference-global.com/download/article/10.2478/slgr-2025-0059.pdf, 260,Echoes of Espionage: the Evolutionary Journey of Russia’s Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/spsr/aop/article-10.30965-18763324-bja10136/article-10.30965-18763324-bja10136.xml,"This article explores how Russia’s intelligence agencies have evolved over the past 500 years, mainly in response to threats and decisions made by its leaders. It argues that when leaders strengthened and reformed the intelligence system—like Ivan the Terrible, Stalin, and Putin—they managed to keep power. But those who ignored threats often lost their regimes. The article shows that Russia’s intelligence growth has mostly been reactive, shaped by crisis rather than long-term planning. Today’s challenges, including failures in Ukraine and the Wagner rebellion, suggest more changes are coming. Overall, the article highlights how deeply Russia’s intelligence services are tied to its leadership and survival as a state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4F5QAIRN,2025-12-19,Arman Mahmoudian,Brill,The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review,2026-01-18T17:36:23Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.30965/18763324-bja10136,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7123531575,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 261,"Spyware technologies : technical analysis, detection and countermeasures",Thesis,https://dione.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/handle/unipi/18763,"The spread of sophisticated spyware like Pegasus and Predator causes dangers to digital privacy, human rights along with democratic processes. Both spyware have been linked to the targeting of journalists, activists and political figures around the world. This paper studies how government sponsored surveillance software works, how people use it as well as what it means for society and digital rights. Through a combined approach of cybersecurity forensics, legal frameworks and geopolitical analysis it assesses the global impact of these tools and focuses on ways people can protect themselves individually and collectively. The paper highlights specific case studies that demonstrate real-world detection techniques and consequences. It uses reports from groups and organizations like Citizen Lab and Amnesty International's Security Lab. Several tools are developed and help link infections to their source and help those affected. By examining the similarities and differences between Pegasus and Predator, this thesis aims to raise awareness about the dangers of modern spyware. The thesis concludes by recommending a multi-tiered response framework involving legal reform, public awareness, and international cooperation to combat unlawful surveillance. The right to privacy is reaffirmed as essential to the preservation of human dignity and civil liberty in the digital age.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RDEUSUTP,2025,Nikolaos Pappas,,,2026-01-18T17:35:32Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Master's Thesis,University of Piraeus,,,,,,,,, 262,"Operation Flax: The Use of Signals Intelligence in the Destruction of the German Air Transport Fleet During the Tunisian Campaign, April 1943",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2025.2607240,"During April 1943 Allied air forces in North Africa launched an air interdiction campaign, codenamed Operation FLAX, which inflicted heavy losses on the transport fleet of the Luftwaffe. The operation was facilitated by detailed Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) information provided by the British codebreaking centre at Bletchley Park. This SIGINT has usually been identified as the famous Ultra intelligence derived from the breaking of the German Enigma machine and other high-grade Axis cipher systems; however, material gathered from messages in low-grade (low security) Luftwaffe codes was of even greater importance. Exploitation of low-grade communications involved the use of innovative analytical techniques and machinery to turn thousands of pieces of tactical information received daily into actionable intelligence. Operation FLAX is a clear example of the operational impact of SIGINT in the Second World War, which highlights the use and usefulness of an often overlooked SIGINT source.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8YS3U9PV,2026-01-13,Thomas Cheetham,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2026-01-18T17:34:15Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2025.2607240,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7123655412,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 263,"THE U.S.–ISRAEL SECURITY PARTNERSHIP: STRATEGIC COOPERATION IN DEFENSE, INTELLIGENCE, AND REGIONAL STABILITY",Conference paper,https://openscience.ge/server/api/core/bitstreams/454c9018-d271-49ee-a955-f22320e4d8e2/content#page=88,"This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the strategic partnership between the United States and Israel in the field of security and defense. Rooted in decades of shared geopolitical interests and mutual trust, the U.S.–Israel alliance has evolved into one of the most sophisticated bilateral security relationships in the world. The partnership extends beyond traditional defense cooperation to encompass joint intelligence operations, technological innovation, counterterrorism coordination, and missile defense development—all of which contribute to maintaining regional stability and strengthening deterrence in the Middle East. By examining areas such as defense technology co-development, intelligence sharing, and collaborative counterterrorism initiatives, this study highlights how the partnership has become a cornerstone of both nations’ national security strategies. It also explores how this alliance supports the broader objectives of the United States in preserving regional balance, while enabling Israel to maintain its qualitative military edge (QME) amid complex security challenges. The paper argues that the U.S.–Israel security partnership is not merely transactional but strategic and adaptive, continually reshaped by technological advancement, shared democratic values, and the evolving threat environment. As hybrid warfare, cyber threats, and asymmetric conflicts redefine the global security landscape, the enduring cooperation between Washington and Jerusalem illustrates the growing importance of alliances grounded in innovation, intelligence integration, and strategic resilience.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MSK67H22,2025,"Luka Marshania, Nikoloz Mebagishvili",Defence Academy of Georgia,,2026-01-18T17:32:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 264,"Espionage, Civil Liberties, and the Secret War of the American Revolution",Thesis,https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/7904,"This dissertation attempts to analyze the line between a government that can create security for its constituents, while also protecting their rights. It is an attempt to understand this schism by looking at the American Revolution and the role of spying in all of it. It aims to establish the role of spying in this narrative by first looking at the role of espionage in the ranks of the British government. The research attempts to look at how spying affected the American Revolution, how colonists lost their civil liberties because of spying, and the how spying played a future role in the United States. This was done by analyzing primary source documents such as public archives, diaries, and mostly letters. Secondary sources largely included online articles and academic books. The culmination in this research revealed that spying greatly influenced the decisions each military made, while also leading to a loss of rights for the colonists. Colonists largely lost their rights through the quartering of troops, the burning of private property, and established checkpoints. Finally, the research shows that espionage became interwoven into the fabric of the United States by the federal government neglecting civil liberties for the sake of maintaining safety. In conclusion, this dissertation looks to establish how certain levels of safety cannot be maintained without trampling civil rights through the monitoring and enforcement of a government’s citizens.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8HA9PGF7,2026-01-14,Jackson Tomlin,,,2026-01-18T17:30:44Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,PhD Thesis,Liberty University,,,,,,,,, 265,The Defector: The untold story of the KGB agent who saved MI5 and changed the Cold War,Book,https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Defector/bsMhEQAAQBAJ?hl=en,"'Beautiful. It looks and reads like a novel . . . all queuing up to lavish praise upon [this] book."" James O'Brien'An absolutely thrilling read based on deep research which brings this MI5 asset's importance to life.' Gordon Corera, co-host of The Rest is Classified'Kerbaj is well-placed to recount the facts of this forgotten story . . . one of the most sensational episodes of the Cold War.' Sunday Times 'A truly gripping, untold story... The Defector reads like Le Carre but uncovers important truths that are being played out in Putin's Russia today'. Robert Verkaik'Extraordinary' - Hugo Rifkind, TimesRadio 'Inspired . . . seamless, and a thrill to read.' The Scotsman 'Compelling', Evening Standard'Highly entertaining . . . Certainly the stuff of thrillers.' Sydney Morning Herald 'This magnificent book reads like a thriller but it's all true. It has big lessons for today and tomorrow.' The Australian 'Reads like a spy novel', ExpressThe Defector is the untold account of how, in 1971, the defection of a KGB saboteur in London led to the expulsion of more than a hundred Soviet 'diplomats' from the UK.Drawing on newly declassified intelligence documents and dozens of interviews with spymasters, The Defector tells a startling story of a Soviet mission to plant fake Kremlin agents within British and American intelligence services, the paranoia that ensued, and how the actions of a genuine turncoat, the former KGB officer Oleg Lyalin, and the secrets he revealed resulted to one of the most dramatic and pivotal moments in the Cold War. Lyalin led MI5 to rethink its relationship with the CIA. And his defection discredited a previous KGB defector, Anatoly Golitsyn, the darling of the CIA, and ultimately destroyed the reputation of the US agency's head of counterintelligence, James Jesus Angleton. As Richard Kerbaj writes: 'There was a poetic irony in Golitsyn's loss of credibility. It came, as he had previously feared, at the hands of a KGB defector. Except Oleg Lyalin had not been sent by the KGB - he was running away from it.'At the heart of Lyalin's story is a narrative entwined with lies, disinformation, Kremlin deception campaigns, intelligence failures by the CIA and MI5, and a tangled love life. Told in full here, for the first time, by one of this country's leading commentators on national security, it reveals how during the darkest moments of the Cold War one of the West's greatest achievements transpired as a result of MI5's break with the CIA.The disclosure of the inside story of this historic event also comes at a time when there is a renewed interest in the relationship between transatlantic spy services - from the intelligence they share or hold back, to the way they respond to their political masters and stand up to threats from Russia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IYXPQVM5,2025-09-01,Richard Kerbaj,Blink Publishing,,2026-01-15T09:12:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 266,Cryptography and its Role in Countering French Espionage during the Algerian War of Independence (1957–1962),Journal article,https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/286462,"This study inspects the importance and role of the code in enhancing the intelligence security of the Algerian Liberation Revolution (1957-1962), our paper focused on the analysis of the historical background of the emergence of the Code Authority and its development within the Directorate of Vigilance and Anti-Establishment of the Ministry of Information, highlighting its contribution to maintaining the secrecy of internal and external communications of the ELN. By monitoring the development of the technical and organizational structure in favor of the code, it was found that the Algerian revolution paid increasing attention to this vital area, despite the lack of potential. The study also showed how the code became a strategic tool and one of the most important interests of the Anti-Establishment Directorate of the Ministry of Information and Intelligence. The results of the research confirm that the code was not only a technical tool but an effective defense intelligence tool, which contributed to aborting enemy penetrations and enhancing the security of the revolution. .",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QKFVK4R9,2025-12-31,"Houria Ouamane, Djamel Annak",ASJP,مجلة المقدمة للدراسات الانسانية و الاجتماعية [Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences],2026-01-15T09:09:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 267,Unpacking state-sponsored cyber conflict: Intelligence-driven strategic competition in cyberspace,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2025.2602554,"Covert cyber operations are central to state competition, yet scholars disagree whether they are intelligence contests or tools of strategic competition. I develop an Intelligence-Driven Strategic Competition (IDSC) framework that treats cyber conflict as an intelligence contest in which some campaigns are organized to generate cumulative, strategically meaningful costs. Through case analysis of multiple state-sponsored cyber campaigns, I show how intelligence practices fuse with strategic aims and why their cumulative impact varies. The framework bridges existing literatures, with important implications for deterrence, persistent engagement practices and cyber resilience.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RLMF2DPA,2026-01-07,William Akoto,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2026-01-13T14:17:20Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/01402390.2025.2602554,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7118712071,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W7118712071,2026.0,2026.0,2026.0,,0.0 268,"Ambient politicization: intelligence, credibility, and the U.S. Intervention in Lebanon, 1958",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2609142,"This article introduces the concept of ambient politicization to explain how strategic environments shape intelligence production and influence. Focusing on the 1958 U.S. intervention in Lebanon, it shows how intelligence assessments, though often accurate, were constrained by anticipatory alignment with dominant policy narratives. Drawing on declassified U.S. sources, including Special National Intelligence Estimates, embassy cables, and National Security Council records and Arabic-language secondary literature, the article identifies three mechanisms, reaffirmation, hedging, and selective circulation, through which intelligence lost traction. The article reframes intelligence failure as a product not of distortion, but of structural conformity, with implications for politicization, credibility, and democratic oversight, and points toward future research on how ambient politicization may operate in other historical and contemporary cases.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QFKYFABI,2026-01-08,Jeffrey G. Karam,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2026-01-13T14:15:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2609142,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7119537298,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 269,Swords and Shields: Navigating the Modern Intelligence Landscape,Report,https://www.orfonline.org/research/swords-and-shields-navigating-the-modern-intelligence-landscape,"As key custodians of a nation’s strategic intent, national intelligence services must account for and adapt to the wider socio-cultural and political factors shaping their operational environment. Today, shifting geopolitical tides in the form of accelerated multipolarity, scientific progress, and the erosion of accountability in global technological governance have converged to reshape national intelligence strategies. This paper seeks to make sense of these changes by discussing key features of the shifting global intelligence landscape. These include factors such as the role of ‘geotechnography’ in blurring distinctions between offline and online experiences, the consequences of growing inter-state competition over rare-earth elements and supply chains, the evolving character of human intelligence (HUMINT) amid ubiquitous technical surveillance (UTS), and the role of private sector intelligence and Big Tech in a data-infused geostrategic terrain. The aim is to foster a discussion on how nations think about and use intelligence in changing times. It closes with an exploration of the implications of these changes for India’s national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DYKWP8S8,2026-01-08,"Samir Saran, Archishman Goswami",,,2026-01-13T14:13:41Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 270,Strategic Intelligence for the Knowledge Economy,Book,https://www.emerald.com/books/monograph/20971/Strategic-Intelligence-for-the-Knowledge-Economy,"In 2025 the shift from an industrial to a knowledge economy is underway. The shift has introduced changes in our essential economic assumptions and models in how markets behave and the nature and sources of capital. The shift is affecting the way we do business and the ways we manage our organizations and operations. Over the past two hundred years, we have developed and perfected methods and tactics to help us analyze and cope with the economic environment. These established methods and tactics are no longer sufficient. The knowledge economy requires a new foundation of knowledge capital. To be strategic and intelligent the old analytical methods just adapt, and new methods are needed. The latest volume of Working Methods for Knowledge Management speaks to doing intelligence in the dynamic, chaotic and continuously changing environment of the 21st century. It is predicated on the understanding that every intelligence situation or dilemma is unique. It is predicated on the rapidly evolving shift in management and the changing nature and structures of organizations. The authors consider the changing nature of markets, economic transactions, and competition in the knowledge economy. What can we learn from exploring the new economic environment to design a new approach to strategic intelligence? The authors make a case for strategic intelligence grounded in knowledge capital assets and present a conceptual model and framework for managers and practitioners to consider in designing a new approach. The conceptual model considers eight critical factors when designing a new approach with the text providing in-depth explanation of these factors. By adapting the existing tools and developing new tools to transform this critical practice for the knowledge economy, strategic intelligence offers an indispensable guide for anyone working in the knowledge and business management spaces.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/39MGQJJ2,2026-01-14,"Brian McBreen, Pawan Handa, Cory Cannon, Michael Molina, Alexeis Garcia-Perez, Denise Bedford, Liz Herman",Emerald Publishing Limited,,2026-01-13T14:12:01Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1108/978-1-83753-890-4,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7154570479,0.0,False,,,,2026.0,, 271,Intelligence Services in Dictatorships,Book chapter,https://www.ibidem.eu/en/Topics/Social-Sciences/Political-Science/Encyclopedia-Tyrannica.html,"The Encyclopedia Tyrannica serves as a comprehensive research guide for scholars, students, and experts in the fields of authoritarianism and democratization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/25YT5HHD,2025-06-16,"Jeroen Van den Bosch, Natasha Lindstaedt",Ibidem,,2026-01-13T14:09:09Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,Encyclopedia Tyrannica: A Research Guide to Authoritarianism,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 272,The Czechoslovak State Security (StB) and the Vatican: How to Make a Priest and Vatican Diplomat,Journal article,https://czasopisma.ipn.gov.pl/index.php/arpl/article/view/2797,"The essay highlights the issue of penetration by the Czechoslovak secret police (StB) into Roman church circles. The StB managed to recruit through various methods several priests from Czechoslovakia, and the case study of Karel Simandl operating from Rome showcases peculiar features of recruitment and agent work. Cooperation lasted for 25 years, where the agent reported not just on the Church in Czechoslovakia, but also for instance on the GDR and Hungary. Although Karel Simandl became heavily compromised, after 1990 he held high-ranking positions in the Czech Church before being permanently assigned to the Vatican’s Apostolic Nunciature in Berlin.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NLUETRYK,2025-12-23,"Eva Vybíralová, Bernd Schaefer",,Aparat Represji w Polsce Ludowej 1944-1989,2026-01-08T17:29:27Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.48261/ARPRL252311,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 273,The Intelligence crisis in Iraq: political fragmentation and the challenge of reform,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2599456,"This article examines the transformation of Iraq’s intelligence agencies from Ba’athist instruments of authoritarian control to fragmented entities shaped by ethno-sectarian and political rivalries after 2003. Using a historical institutionalist framework, it analyses how legacies, critical junctures, and incremental changes produced today’s dysfunctional intelligence order. The study operationalises ‘intelligence effectiveness’ through proxies of warning lead time, interdiction ratio, and cross-agency fusion, linking theory to measurable outcomes. Drawing on archival sources, official documents, and more than sixty interviews with intelligence officials (2023–2025), it demonstrates how the dissolution of Iraq’s intelligence structures and their subsequent partisan capture created parallel organs serving factions rather than the state. These dynamics undermined counterterrorism effectiveness against AQI and ISIS, contributing to catastrophic failures such as the fall of Mosul in 2014. The article concludes with a reform roadmap, emphasising legal clarity, depoliticization, oversight, and inclusivity, situated in the current context of UNAMI’s drawdown and residual ISIS threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JK9RYKY2,2026-01-06,Muhanad Seloom,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2026-01-08T17:28:15Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2599456,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7118551746,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W7118551746,2026.0,2026.0,2026.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2599456,0.0 274,Kinetic Operations and Intelligence Dynamics in Pakistan’s Counterterrorism Strategy,Journal article,https://sociocanvas.com/index.php/JSH/article/view/222,"The current analysis explores the operational problems and dynamic of intelligence which form the basis of the counterterrorism activities in Pakistan with special focus on kinetic operations in conflict-related areas. After the 9/11 attacks, Pakistan became a frontline state in the global War on Terror, carrying out massive military operations along the tribal borders and providing logistical support to the US led coalition forces in Afghanistan. Applying the mixed-methods approach, this study combines the quantitative data gathered in the form of surveys and the qualitative data obtained in the form of the content of senior-ranking officers. The results suggest that intelligence, specifically in matters of dissemination, analysis, and validation, imposes significant limits on operational efficiency and, therefore, field units have to rely on localized human networks and ad-hoc verification systems. The weaknesses found in the system were identified. Other weaknesses include lack of inter-agency coordination, excessive use of fixed human sources and structural vulnerability of the human intelligence (HUMINT) cycle. Nevertheless, these shortcomings are offset by adaptation tactics, real-time validation and an increasing integration of HUMINT with technical intelligence (TECHINT). Reliability of intelligence is determined by trust, apprehension and credibility of local informants becoming important factors. The paper highlights the complex interconnection between institutional arrangements, field-based practices as well as technological accommodation in determining the effectiveness of intelligence in counterterrorist activities",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5EFFS3VW,2025-12-31,"Shahid Zia, Jamil Ahmed Chitrali",,Journal of Social Horizons,2026-01-06T11:58:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.5281/bm1qhq57,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 275,Setting the Record Straight—Maligned Pearl Harbor Intelligence Lessons Put U.S. Service Personnel in Jeopardy and Set Conditions for Defeat,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/27371074,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FF3HNWW9,2023,Jeff Moore,National Military Intelligence Foundation,American Intelligence Journal,2026-01-06T11:54:15Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 276,Code Name Blue Wren: The True Story of America's Most Dangerous Female Spy,Book,https://bluewrenbook.com,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ARYUNPU4,2023-01-03,Jim Popkin,Hanover Square Press,,2026-01-06T11:48:36Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 277,"The Federal Bureau of Investigation: History, Powers, and Controversies of the FBI [2 volumes]",Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/federal-bureau-of-investigation-9781440871610/,"This authoritative set provides a one-stop resource for understanding specific FBI controversies as well as for those looking to understand the full history, law enforcement authority, and inner workings of the nation's most famous and important federal law enforcement agency. This authoritative two-volume reference resource uses a combination of encyclopedia entries and primary sources to provide a comprehensive overview of the FBI, detailing its history, most famous leaders and agents, institutional structure and authority, law enforcement responsibilities, reporting relationships to other parts of government, and major events and controversies. Today the FBI sits squarely at the intersection of major controversies surrounding the presidential campaign and administration of Donald Trump, foreign interference in U.S. elections, and politicization of law enforcement. But the FBI has always been in the political spotlight—its history is dotted with episodes that have come under heavy scrutiny, from its surveillance of civil rights leaders during the 1960s to the methods it employs to combat domestic terrorism in the post-9/11 era. And all the while, FBI agents and offices across the country continue to investigate a wide range of lawbreaking, from organized crime (in all its facets) to white-collar crime and corruption by public officials.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AXCNQ252,2022-05-18,"Douglas M. Charles, Aaron J. Stockham",Bloomsbury,,2026-01-06T11:43:54Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 278,National Interests as a Mechanism for Formulating Intelligence Tasks,Journal article,https://psssj.eu/index.php/ojsdata/article/view/210,"The article provides a comprehensive analysis of changes in the geopolitical and geo-economic environment resulting from the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and their impact on the transformation of the international security landscape. The essence of national interests is examined as a multidimensional category shaped by historical, political, economic, and civilizational factors, and their role in the development of a geocivilizational strategy of the state is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of approaches to the interpretation of national interests within realist and liberal-idealist paradigms of international relations. Key trends in the formation of a new security architecture are identified under conditions of intensified strategic competition among major global actors, the escalation of hybrid threats, and the acceleration of the technological revolution, particularly in the field of artificial intelligence. The study demonstrates that national interests function as a fundamental mechanism for shaping intelligence tasks, determining priorities, instruments, and directions of intelligence activities in contemporary conditions. The article concludes that the profound transformation of the global security environment necessitates a reassessment of the role of intelligence services in the emerging international order.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GWK7QVXC,2025,Yurii Semeniuk,,Political Science and Security Studies Journal,2026-01-06T11:42:24Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.33445/psssj.2025.6.4.1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7124560970,0.0,True,,,,2026.0,https://psssj.eu/index.php/ojsdata/article/download/210/233, 279,Statecraft by Stealth: Secret Intelligence and British Rule in Palestine,Book,https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501736476/statecraft-by-stealth/,"Britain relied upon secret intelligence operations to rule Mandatory Palestine. Statecraft by Stealth sheds light on a time in history when the murky triad of intelligence, policy, and security supported colonial governance. It emphasizes the role of the Anglo-Zionist partnership, which began during World War I and ended in 1939, when Britain imposed severe limits on Jewish immigration and settlement in Palestine. Steven Wagner argues that although the British devoted considerable attention to intelligence gathering and analysis, they never managed to solve the basic contradiction of their rule: a dual commitment to democratic self-government and to the Jewish national home through immigration and settlement. As he deftly shows, Britain's experiment in Palestine shed all pretense of civic order during the Palestinian revolt of 1936–41, when the police authority collapsed and was replaced by a security state, created by army staff intelligence. That shift, Wagner concludes, was rooted in Britain's desire to foster closer ties with Saudi Arabia just before the start of World War II, and thus ended its support of Zionist policy. Statecraft by Stealth takes us behind the scenes of British rule, illuminating the success of the Zionist movement and the failure of the Palestinians to achieve independence. Wagner focuses on four key issues to stake his claim: an examination of the ""intelligence state"" (per Martin Thomas's classic, Empires of Intelligence), the Arab revolt, the role of the Mufti of Jerusalem, and the origins and consequences of Britain's decision to end its support of Zionism.Wagner crafts a superb story of espionage and clandestine policy-making, showing how the British pitted individual communities against each other at particular times, and why.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WFSW2TRY,2019,Steven B. Wagner,Cornell University Press,,2021-05-14T07:51:25Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 280,Between Social Service and Culture of Intelligence in Italy,Journal article,https://www.rivistadistudipolitici.it/between-social-service-and-cultureof-intelligence-in-italy/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MGKXHLBF,2025-12-01,Francesco P. Pinello,,Rivista di Studi Politici,2026-01-06T11:38:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.82024/RSP.03/25.05,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 281,Management of Military Counterintelligence and Intelligence Activities within the Modern Conflict,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/27371072,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V9IT8KMC,2023,Kajetan Kozlowski,National Military Intelligence Foundation,American Intelligence Journal,2026-01-06T11:37:04Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 282,"Strategic Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Defense, and Security in the Digital Age",Book,https://doi.org/10.70593/978-93-7185-637-9,"The world has never witnessed the basis of national security to be redefined in ways that Artificial Intelligence is doing. Autonomous systems, real-time analytics and scalable cyber protection technologies used to take milliseconds to identify potential attacks that otherwise took full teams of human analysts to identify and process before confirming their presence and need intercession. To the United States, this change is a turning point as not only a turning point in technology, but also in strategy. The book discusses the way in which AI is redefining contemporary conflict in the cyberspace, intelligence, infrastructure and geopolitics. It delves into the potential and the threat: self-policing AI able to pick up threats quicker than any mortal and antagonistic AI able to use the system vulnerabilities, faster and more extensively than ever before. The prospects of national defense are changing at an extremely fast pace along with deepfakes and misinformation to digital-twin cybersecurity and autonomous battlefield systems. Based on studies and experience related to AI, cybersecurity, and real-time data analytics, the book seeks to offer a simple and easy to use conceptualization on how these changes would be comprehended. It is addressed to the technologists, policymakers, students, and readers who may be keen on the role of AI in the future of American security. We are starting a smart period where national power can be as reliant on digital fortitude as it can be on physical prowess. Our attitude towards the moral and artificial intelligence, our justice and power, our innovativeness and collaboration are the choices and actions we make today which will determine whether AI will serve as our greatest strength or largest weakness. I hope that this piece of work can shed light on the way ahead.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NXKDJADB,2025-12-21,Prajesh Mishra,Deep Science Publishing,,2026-01-03T11:14:07Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.70593/978-93-7185-637-9,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7117595994,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://deepscienceresearch.com/dsr/catalog/download/428/1877/3539, 283,"ESPIONAGE AND SECURITIZATION IN THE AGE OF GLOBAL CONFLICT: INTELLIGENCE, PERCEPTION, AND PEACEBUILDING",Journal article,https://www.securityscience.edu.rs/index.php/journal-security-science/article/view/188,"Review Paper DOI: https://doi.org/10.37458/ssj.6.2.5 This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolving role of espionage and intelligence sharing through the lens of securitization theory, with a particular focus on contemporary international conflicts. It demonstrates how espionage, especially in its digital and AI-enabled forms, has become a strategic tool for shaping state behavior, influencing threat perceptions, and guiding international discourse, while historically perceived as secretive and destabilizing. Using qualitative methods, including critical discourse analysis and historical comparative case studies, the study illustrates how intelligence diplomacy—intentional, legally informed, and ethically constrained intelligence sharing—can transform espionage into a stabilizing instrument. Evidence from historical reforms in Greece, contemporary intelligence partnerships such as SIGINT and Five Eyes, and emerging cyber operations supports this argument. The study highlights three key implications: the need for modern legal and normative frameworks to regulate AI and cyber espionage; the potential for trust-based intelligence alliances to function as infrastructures for peace; and the reconceptualization of espionage as a strategic signaling mechanism rather than solely a covert threat. These insights offer practical guidance for pre-conflict planning, international security cooperation, and responsible state conduct in the digital age.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JTAKT5X7,2025-12-31,"Baha’ Aldeen Raed Suliman Almomani, Mohd Nazri Bin Latiff Azmi",,Security Science Journal,2026-01-03T11:13:23Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 284,"Lieutenant Colonel Farman's War: Attaché Intelligence and the Polish-Soviet Conflict, 1919-1921.",Journal article,https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd:190396918?sid=ebsco:plink:crawler&id=ebsco:gcd:190396918,"Discover this 2026 paper in Journal of Military History by Schwonek, Matthew R. focusing on: FARMAN, Elbert E.; MILITARY attaches; MILITARY intelligence; RUSSO-Polish War, 1919-1920; POLAND-United States relations; POLISH military history, 1918-; POLISH history, 1918-1945 Abstract: Lieutenant Colonel (acting) Elbert E. Farman Jr., the first U.S. military attaché to Poland, arrived at his new post as the war with the Russian Soviet Republic got underway. His reports and dispatches to the Military Intelligence Division (MID) offered the War Department and other agencies essential data and analysis on not only Poland's war effort but also Soviet capabilities and operations. This accounting later became the basis of the first Englishlanguage monograph treating the 1920 campaign. Farman's contributions, taken together, offer a picture of uncertain governments, rude conditions, and ragged armies. Despite the conditions, in this fight over lands and peoples, the two sides waged guerre à outrance. Political violence was a feature, and noncombatants paid a heavy price. The contest presented operational changes from the Great War, and Farman analyzed mobile warfare in the region. Farman's reports illuminate a critical episode in miliary and diplomatic history--the reconstruction of East Central Europe. Analysis offers insight into the attaché, his role, and the problem of attaché intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9E5AUHEA,2026-01-01,Matthew R. Schwonek,,Journal of Military History,2026-01-01T23:18:32Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 285,The evolving world of MI6,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/the-evolving-world-of-mi6/,"Technological shifts, alliance politics, and fractious great-power competition make the United Kingdom’s secret service’s work under its new Chief more complex than ever.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HPVDSIUU,2025-12-29,Gordon Corera,,,2025-12-30T22:43:37Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 286,Far Beyond the Lines: A Story of Strategic Aerial Reconnaissance in the First World War,Book,,"Far Beyond the Lines: A Story of Strategic Aerial Reconnaissance in the First World War, provides a fascinating look at a crucial—yet much overlooked—aspect of the first air war. While tactical reconnaissance squadrons monitored the forward combat zone and immediate rear areas, other select aircrews conducted missions far behind enemy lines. Their objective was to gather military intelligence—both through photographic reconnaissance and visual surveillance of broad areas—and relay the vital information to the Army High Command to assist with operational planning. In the German air service, they were sometimes referred to as ""Fernflieger.""One such ""Fernflieger"" was Friedrich Wilhelm Radenbach, whose experiences piloting Rumpler reconnaissance aircraft from airfields located near the center of the Western Front to distant objectives such as Paris and Le Havre were recorded in a semi-fictionalized memoir titled Weit im Rücken des Feindes. It is a fragmentary story he presents, which recounts prominent missions undertaken during his period of service with Flieger-Abteilung 23, from October 1917 to September 1918. In between the reader receives glimpses of his personal life and the atmosphere in his German homeland. These provide a somber contrast to some of the more colorful moments in the narrative.Weit im Rücken des Feindes is the only book-length account written by a strategic reconnaissance pilot on the Western Front during World War I. As such, it received favorable reviews by high-ranking officers at the time of its publication in 1938. These praised the portrayal of ""the quiet heroism of the long-range reconnaissance flyers"" and welcomed ""the fact that a monument has been created here for this part of the air service.""Part 1 of Far Beyond the Lines provides a thoroughly annotated English translation of Radenbach's book, which has been supplemented by previously unpublished passages taken from the original manuscript held by the Radenbach family. This was one of the surprises awaiting the translator when he visited the centuries-old house where Wilhelm (as he preferred to be called) was raised.In Part 2, Adam M. Wait ""takes up the pen"" to present an in-depth examination of Radenbach's book and to explore the activities of Flieger-Abteilung 23 during the period of Wilhelm's service with the unit. This includes a translation of some of the accounts left behind by Radenbach's observer, Alfred Kuermann, which appeared in the 1930s in the form of self-published booklets. Photos and sketch maps from this source supplement the photos found in Weit im Rücken des Feindes.The second half of Far Beyond the Lines also includes a fragmentary operational history of Flieger-Abteilung 23, from December 1917 to September 1918. This was made possible through archival documents, but also by the discovery in German archives of 150 reconnaissance photos taken by Flieger-Abteilung 23, including many by the crew of Wilhelm Radenbach and Alfred Kuermann. These were supplemented by photos from the collection of German WWI aviation historian Michael Schmeelke. The information from the data lines regarding date, location, and aircrew names give one at least a partial record of the unit's activities.This information is presented in conjunction with a survey of military operations on the Western Front from October 1917 to September 1918, providing context for the activities of the unit. The strategic relevance of specific photographic targets are discussed with the aid with British and Frenchreference sources concerning transportation networks with their lines of supply, the locations of military storage depots, and the dispositions of Allied airfields.The 281 pages of Far Beyond the Lines are richly illustrated with 302 black-and-white and color images of airmen, aircraft (with one profile of Radenbach's Rumpler), and relevant locations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8GG8ZCY9,2025-04-01,Adam M. Wait,Aeronaut Books,,2025-12-29T23:26:24Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'PBHFUE8W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 287,Collaborating with the East German Secret Police,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/eceu/52/2-3/article-p191_003.xml,"Abstract The declassified archives of the East German Ministry for State Security (Stasi) have had a significant impact on transitional justice in postcommunist Germany. Evidence of an informant file has become the standard proof of collaboration, although it says little about a person’s activities or the harms of their collaboration with the communist regime in the German Democratic Republic. This article addresses the challenges of using archival evidence of collaboration from informers’ Stasi dossiers, arguing for the value of reading these records alongside ego-documents such as autobiography, witness testimony, and documentary film. While these types of testimony can help researchers gain a more nuanced understanding of collaboration and are useful for writing a history of emotions of secret policing, informer testimony is notoriously fraught. This article uses two case studies to explore approaches to reading Stasi files for gaps and archival framing (such as ministerial guidelines), features that can be corroborated by or contrasted with the truth claims made in informer testimony.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V3UJI9E3,2025-11-13,Alison Lewis,Brill,East Central Europe,2025-12-25T09:41:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.30965/18763308-20252003,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7117240592,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-20252003, 288,NATO’s Evolving Landscape in Open Source Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2025.2589828,"Fabrizio Minniti and Giangiuseppe Pili examine NATO’s open source intelligence (OSINT) doctrine – as outlined in Allied Joint Publication-2.9 – and analyse its role within the joint intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance process. They examine the advantages of OSINT in intelligence collection, the challenges posed by the information environment and the future developments required to maintain NATO’s intelligence dominance in an increasingly digitalised battlespace. By understanding the strategic implications of OSINT and its future directions, NATO can enhance its intelligence capabilities to address emerging security threats and maintain a competitive edge in global intelligence operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T84ITNKT,2025-12-19,"Fabrizio Minniti, Giangiuseppe Pili",Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2025-12-23T09:38:25Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/03071847.2025.2589828,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4417506885,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4417506885,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,,1.0 289,Australian spy agency adopts new look,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/australian-spy-agency-adopts-new-look/,"The decision by the Australian Secret Intelligence Service to feature its director-general and operational officers on the Seize the Yay podcast marks a deliberate shift towards public transparency, an unprecedented move for Australia’s most secretive ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2TIEFJVI,2025-12-16T19:00:05+00:00,Meg Tapia,,,2025-12-21T09:15:45Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 290,"Intelligence studies: A Short history (aka, getting an education in intelligence education)",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2604661,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JG5MAF5D,2025-12-18,Jan Goldman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-12-21T09:03:31Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2604661,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4417479552,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 291,New Approaches and Concepts in Intelligence Studies: Actor-Network Theory in the Transformation of Security Intelligence,Journal article,https://sitjournal.com/sitj/article/view/78,"This article examines the fundamental transformations in the study and practice of security intelligence driven by technological convergence, the emergence of non-traditional threats, and the shifting ontology of human-technology interaction. Using the theoretical framework of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) developed by Bruno Latour, this study reanalyzes the intelligence cycle, focusing on recognizing the agency of non-human actors. This approach explicitly rejects the traditional, linear model of the intelligence cycle, which is increasingly inadequate to capture the dynamics of contemporary intelligence. Key findings demonstrate that modern intelligence practice operates as a constantly shifting, heterogeneous network, in which human actors (e.g., analysts, field officers) and non-human actors equally have agency (actancy) and ""translate"" the roles and functions of each other (translation). This transformation, although increasing operational efficiency, however, raises critical governance challenges. This is especially related to the phenomenon of algorithmic black-boxing, which threatens transparency, accountability, and democratic legitimacy in the use of security intelligence. This study concludes that recognizing the agency of non-human actors is crucial for designing adaptive distributed accountability frameworks that address the complexities of contemporary intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F3GVVXYB,2025-12-06,Ade Mulya,,Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ),2025-12-20T09:33:36Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.70710/sitj.v2i4.78,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4417307128,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://sitjournal.com/sitj/article/download/78/62, 292,SAVAK's surveillance and monitoring policies to counter the political and revolutionary activities of AbuTurab Ashuri in the Imam Khomeini Movement (RA),Journal article,https://tarikhname.ri-khomeini.ac.ir/article_236395_en.html,"To advance the movement of Imam Khomeini (RA) in the 1940s and 1950s, revolutionary clergy in various provinces of the country played a role and tried to raise people's political awareness and mobilize the public against the Pahlavi regime through propaganda and political activism. One of the revolutionary clergy of Bushehr who played an effective role in the dynamics of anti-Pahlavi demonstrations and political activities was Hojjatoleslam Abu Torab Ashuri, who was one of the pioneers of the Islamic Revolution in the south of the country. Due to the sensitivity of SAVAK towards Ashuri's revolutionary and combative activities, various surveillance and monitoring policies and strategies were used to control and contain his activities. Due to the lack of examination of Pahlavi approaches to prevent their supportive actions towards Imam Khomeini (RA), this article attempts to answer this main question by using library-documentary studies and an analytical-descriptive approach: "What are the monitoring and surveillance policies of SAVAK to counter the revolutionary activities of Hojjatoleslam Abu Turab Ashuri in the Imam Khomeini (RA) movement?" The main source of data extraction to answer the research question is SAVAK documents. The findings of the article show that the security agents of the Pahlavi regime used every tool and policy to convince and dissuade him from revolutionary activities against Pahlavi, including summoning, pursuing and monitoring, monitoring incoming and outgoing telegrams and telephone calls, examining postal packages, spying on his speech sessions and giving him reminders, confiscating political books sent to him,",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HIWL39YC,2025-12-17,Seyyed Mohammad Javad Ghorbi,Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution,ZHARFAPAZHOOH,2025-12-20T09:32:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.22034/te.2025.490184.1274,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 293,The Evolution of Relations between Italian Antifascists and US Intelligence Agents from World War II to the Early Cold War,Journal article,https://jhnr.net/articles/107/files/693063989fd3c.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DMNJPT56,2025-12-01,Giulia Clarizia,,The Journal of Historical Network Research,2025-12-20T09:29:50Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.25517/jhnr.v12i1.107,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7117870928,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://doaj.org/article/710752b79e6a4b748c8b0d0b24a5314f, 294,The Historical Roots of Indian Intelligence,Report,https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-historical-roots-of-indian-intelligence,"This report uncovers the deep historical and cultural foundations of the Indian intelligence agency, revealing its evolution from Vedic thought to contemporary national security roles.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WYCPTU29,2025-12-03,"Harsh V. Pant, Archishman Goswami",,,2025-12-19T11:30:27Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 295,Towards the Decolonization of Intelligence Studies in Africa: The Role of Academia,Journal article,https://journals.lib.pte.hu/index.php/afrikatanulmanyok/article/view/8832,"This is a critical review of the Western-centric epistemology dominance in the intelligence studies in the African academic discourses which does not feature adequate African contributions and adjustments. Though intelligence is a relatively new subject in the world and especially in Africa, its teachings and presentation are more inclined towards western values and systems. This work, therefore, is a questioning body of the past and present inferences of the Western intelligence systems on African security studies and management. The research based a lot on historicist content analysis and determined the prevalence of American and Eurocentric models of intelligence studies within Africa. This fact has blurred the meaning and essence of the field on the continent. It is thus a call to completely decolonise the discipline and adopt models and modules of Afrocentricism. Based on a critical discourse analysis, this paper tries to reveal how academia can contribute to the emergence of indigenous knowledge/ information production, give alternatives to dominant hegemonic discourses, and develop certain African-grounded intelligence theories. In turn, the work suggests to maintain the curriculum reformation, productive and outcome-driven cooperative research, and sharing the knowledge, which will help to emphasize the decolonization of intelligence research in Africa.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2FKCLQXN,2025-12-16,Ngboawaji Daniel Nte,,Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies,2025-12-19T08:08:53Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.15170/AT.2025.19.3.2,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4417357070,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://journals.lib.pte.hu/index.php/afrikatanulmanyok/article/download/8832/8178, 296,The SONIC Bill: bringing in a new era for intelligence oversight,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-sonic-bill-bringing-in-a-new-era-for-intelligence-oversight/,Australians rightly expect that the agencies keeping us safe also operate within clear rules and robust checks. Getting that balance right—between security and accountability—is essential to protecting our nation’s safety and our democratic values. This ...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I7EYL78A,2025-11-18T02:00:45+00:00,Raff Ciccone,,,2025-12-16T22:12:32Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 297,China’s AI use for cyber espionage shifts cyber focus from detection to trust,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/chinas-ai-use-for-cyber-espionage-shifts-cyber-focus-from-detection-to-trust/,"The question facing security and technology leaders is no longer whether adversaries will deploy AI agents against their environment. Now, those leaders must ask whether their trust architecture, access models and identity systems are ready ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EBH4LW7T,2025-12-12T00:00:34+00:00,Gil Baram,,,2025-12-16T22:12:08Z,"['8XXD789V', 'E5UVWK8S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 298,The War Room newsletter: Three lessons from a spy scandal,Magazine article,https://www.economist.com/international/2025/10/20/the-war-room-newsletter-three-lessons-from-a-spy-scandal,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VWMYBEJG,2025-10-20,Shashank Joshi,,The Economist,2025-12-16T22:11:32Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 299,"Perceptions Of Counterintelligence In Corporate And Academic Sectors: Risks, Awareness, And Strategic Implications",Report,https://zenodo.org/records/17681907,"The United States is in the middle of an intelligence war. Foreign adversaries, including their intelligence services and state-sponsored actors, employ increasingly sophisticated technologies and methods to access our most valuable innovations and secrets. The importance of implementing counterintelligence (CI) practices across all sectors of American society has never been greater. As our adversaries increasingly target non-governmental data environments, it has become essential to address security gaps in our nation’s critical industries, supply chains, and academic institutions. While the last two decades have seen the widespread adoption of cybersecurity protocols, malign actors continue to evolve their tactics to exploit both technical and human vulnerabilities. Counterintelligence can and should be a vital tool for corporations and academia which have become increasingly vulnerable targets for foreign espionage, theft, sabotage, and influence operations. By providing strategic insights and actionable practices, counterintelligence enables organizations to effectively and efficiently recognize and respond to threats that fall outside the scope of traditional cybersecurity. This study aims to explore how counterintelligence is perceived in civilian sectors – specifically corporate and academic institutions – in response to escalating intelligence threats. By surveying a diverse range of professionals in the academic and corporate sectors, this study assesses the awareness, attitudes, and institutional barriers to adopting CI practices and seeks to highlight key knowledge gaps and identify opportunities for targeted awareness, training, and investment. The results will inform policy and provide strategic recommendations for building a CI-conscious culture across sectors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8EKLHLE,2025-11-22,"Sentinel Research, Shane McNeil, Carla Renner, Kyle D Johnson, Kiley Pittman, Virginia Barber, Julia Goetz, Yohana Ibarra, Bradley Johnson, Emily Lewis, Isabella Meisten, Vanessa Neubauer, Jack Payne, Rob Persons",,,2025-12-16T22:09:49Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.5281/zenodo.17681907,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7106243787,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17681907, 300,"Knowledge as Power - Intelligence, Counterintelligence, and Communication in Antiquity",Preprint,https://zenodo.org/records/17704979,"This article provides a comprehensive analysis of intelligence systems in the ancient world, spanning Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, Greece, Rome, and the Indian and Chinese subcontinents. Drawing upon a wide range of primary sources, including the Arthashastra, Herodotus, Thucydides, and Roman administrative records, as well as modern scholarly analyses, the study examines the organisation, methods, and operational principles of early espionage and information management. Key aspects explored include the integration of intelligence into political and military hierarchies, institutionalisation and bureaucratic practices, multi-modal methods of information gathering, counterintelligence strategies, and the communication infrastructures that facilitated the flow of information across expansive territories. A comparative approach highlights both universal principles—such as verification, adaptation, and strategic use of information—and context-specific practices shaped by geography, political scale, and cultural norms. The study demonstrates that intelligence was a deliberate and systematic component of ancient statecraft, essential for maintaining political authority, military advantage, and administrative control. By synthesising evidence across diverse civilisations, this research illuminates the historical foundations of information management and the enduring relationship between knowledge and power in early complex societies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5FIUQ5DZ,2025-11-25,Kim Robin Thuemler,,,2025-12-16T22:08:37Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.5281/zenodo.17704979,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7106548401,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17704979, 301,Penal Policy as Exemplified by the Criminalisation of the Offences of Espionage-Related Subversion and Sabotage in Poland,Journal article,https://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/ssp/article/view/47501,"The article explores criminal policy as a component of the broader concept of legal policy, with particular attention to the criminalisation of new manifestations and forms of espionage introduced into the Polish criminal law in 2023 (Article 130 §§ 7–8 of the Criminal Code). The primary aim of the study is to trace the diachronic processes that have led from the post-war penalisation of subversion and sabotage to today’s criminalisation of the so-called “espionage-related subversion and sabotage.” To specify the research scope, the analysis addresses two questions: (1) What are the arguments for the criminalisation of espionage-related subversion and sabotage in Poland in 2023?, (2) How can the correctness of the criminalisation of espionage-related subversion and sabotage in Poland in 2023 be assessed? The temporal framework spans 1944–2023, beginning with the Decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation on the Protection of the State of 30 October 1944 and culminating in the amendment to the Criminal Code of 17 August 2023. Methodologically, the study relies mainly on an institutional-legal approach that combines: (a) dogmatic analysis (a descriptive examination of statutory provisions and their application) and (b) historical-comparative analysis (reference to earlier regulations and their evolution). Applying these methods makes it possible to evaluate both the substance of the new offences and their effectiveness and consistency with the goals of state protection and the prevention of espionage-related crime.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VKMKEFJX,2025-12-11,"Lesław Rosicki, Remigiusz Rosicki",,Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne,2025-12-16T22:07:30Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.14746/ssp.2025.2.6,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7114806283,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/ssp/article/download/47501/41578, 302,Culture: A new venue for the politicization of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2025.2590458,"Observers long have believed that the politicization of American intelligence damages the quality and hence the credibility of intelligence. This article addresses a new variety of politicization orchestrated by Presidents Barack Obama and Joe Biden—the injection of their diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) agenda into intelligence agencies’ organizational cultures. President Donald Trump sees a DEI-committed “Deep State” weaponizing intelligence against him and his supporters and has attacked it vigorously in his second term. It is still unclear whether Trump wants to restore traditional intelligence norms of apolitical service or impose a new orthodoxy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GDU8R76G,2025-12-08,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Comparative Strategy,2025-12-16T22:06:16Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/01495933.2025.2590458,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7110145316,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 303,Letters Writ By a Turkish Spy,Book,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003682295,"Giovanni P. Marana, author of the letters in this volume was an Italian living in France in the seventeenth century. He wrote in the character of a Turk visiting Paris. Marana was probably the first writer to use the device of a series of letters written by a visitor to a foreign country in order to comment satirically on contemporary politics, culture, religion and philosophy. Disguised as a Moldavian priest, Mahmut, the letter-writer, is in Paris on a mission to spy on the Christians and to send secret letters in Arabic to the Turkish Court. He is an acute observer of the courts of Louis XIII and XIV, the disastrous politics and wars of the seventeenth century, the crude manner and superstitions of the Europeans and the seamy side of France in le grand siècle. One of the first and most compelling spy stories ever written, and immensely popular throughout the eighteenth century, this reprint (originally published in 1970) has been edited and selected by Arthur J. Weitzman, who provides a critical introduction and notes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RRJ8P4K3,2025-12-12,Giovanni P. Marana,Routledge,,2025-12-16T22:05:30Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.4324/9781003682295,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W643636512,55.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W643636512,2016.0,2021.0,2025.0,,-9.0 304,11 India: Intelligence Agencies and Assassinations,Book chapter,https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9798896163589-011/html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SPEVGV8G,2025-12-25,Dheeraj Paramesha-Chaya,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2025-12-16T22:04:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Killing in the Name of the State: State-Sponsored Assassination in International Politics,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 305,Reforming Intelligence Agencies and Their Role in Foreign Policy,Journal article,https://dataplus.org.pk/journal/index.php/live/article/view/75,"This study reaffirms the pivotal role of intelligence agencies in shaping a nation's foreign policy. These agencies constitute an integral component of the mechanisms that enable states to influence their international environment, whether by confronting security threats or by achieving long-term political and diplomatic objectives. In reality, an effective foreign policy is inconceivable without the intelligence data provided by these organizations, which are critical to the formulation of the state's strategies across various domains. Furthermore, the study elucidates that intelligence agencies are not merely tools for surveillance and espionage but, in fact, an essential strategic element in the design and direction of foreign policy. They play a central role in monitoring events and situations that could impact national interests, thereby facilitating precise decision-making aligned with the state's aspirations. In this context, the function of these agencies is not limited to data collection; it extends to analyzing this data and providing strategic recommendations that empower decision-makers to take critical stances that affect the nation's foreign policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4CYSEZES,2025-12-14,"Ahmed M. M. Al-Najjar, Mohamed Kamal",,Data Plus,2025-12-16T22:03:05Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.62887/dataplus.003.02.0075,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7115011170,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://dataplus.org.pk/journal/index.php/live/article/download/75/111, 306,"Recruit, deploy, discard: Jewish Israelis in Iranian espionage operations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2598556,"This article explores the rise in cases of Jewish Israeli citizens engaging in espionage and sabotage for Iranian intelligence. Drawing on over 30 documented incidents, it examines how financial hardship, psychological instability, and ethnic marginalisation have created openings for foreign recruitment. Using insights from psychology and identity theory, the study shows how personal crises and deep-seated inequality can weaken national loyalty. Iran’s recent focus on low-effort, high-volume recruitment conducted as a rule through platforms like Telegram has proven effective in targeting socially and economically marginalised groups, including ultra-Orthodox communities and immigrants from the former Soviet Union. While the recruits vary in age and background, many share experiences of alienation and instability. In several cases, espionage functioned less as ideological betrayal and more as a desperate bid for meaning, income, or validation. What emerges is not just a pattern of individual failures, but a warning sign of broader social fragmentation. The article argues that this internal vulnerability, which is rooted in identity tensions and eroding trust, now poses a serious challenge to Israel’s national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M7DSPD6E,2025-12-14,Grigorij Serscikov,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-12-16T22:01:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2598556,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7115173005,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 307,Judicial Intelligence Oversight in Kenya : Prospects and Challenges,Journal article,https://press.gloceps.org/index.php/eajps/article/view/29,"Kenya, like other democratic states, has embraced various forms of intelligence oversight, including judicial mechanisms as a means to enhancing accountability in the intelligence agency. The structure and function of intelligence oversight is tied to the specific context of a nation, influenced by its unique culture, history, constitutionalism and the prevailing political landscape. This context is continually evolving and adapting to the ever-changing security landscape. These factors, along with the inherent secrecy surrounding intelligence operations, necessitate an examination of prospects and challenges for judicial intelligence oversight. This study sought to establish how judicial intelligence oversight has been operationalised in Kenya; the nature of interactions between the judiciary and intelligence, and the influence of judicial oversight on the execution of the intelligence mandate. The research employed purposive sampling and utilised primary data gathered through key informants interviews and in-depth interviews. Secondary data was derived from a comprehensive literature review, thematically analysed and presented in narrative form. The study established limited public understanding of judicial oversight processes despite Kenya’s robust legal frameworks underpinning such processes. Besides the secrecy of intelligence operations, judicial oversight is restricted by the fact that inquiries are case-specific, making such mechanisms reactive and limited to litigation before the court. Further, it was found that the judiciary has been scrutinising intelligence procedures to determine compliance with legal demands as well as safeguarding intelligence secrets. However, the extent of this scrutiny depends on the prevailing political regime. The research recommends enhanced awareness of judicial oversight mechanisms as well as greater transparency in judicial oversight of intelligence efforts to make them more visible to the public.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CAVUA33K,2025-12-11,"Joel Chacha Kerata, Nicholas Ondoro, Simon Nyambura",,The Eastern Africa Journal of Policy and Strategy,2025-12-16T21:50:55Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 308,Age of Deception: Cybersecurity as Secret Statecraft,Book,https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501783470/age-of-deception/,"At the heart of cybersecurity lies a paradox: Cooperation makes conflict possible. In Age of Deception, Jon R. Lindsay shows that widespread trust in cyberspace enables espionage and subversion. While such acts of secret statecraft have long been part of global politics, digital systems have dramatically expanded their scope and scale. Yet success in secret statecraft hinges less on sophisticated technology than on political context. To make sense of this, Lindsay offers a general theory of intelligence performance—the analogue to military performance in battle—that explains why spies and hackers alike depend on clandestine organizations and vulnerable institutions. Through cases spanning codebreaking at Bletchley Park during WWII to the weaponization of pagers by Israel in 2024, he traces both continuity and change in secret statecraft. Along the way, he explains why popular assumptions about cyber warfare are profoundly misleading. Offense does not simply dominate defense, for example, because the same digital complexity that expands opportunities for deception also creates potential for self-deception and counterdeception. Provocative and persuasive, Age of Deception offers crucial insights into the future of secret statecraft in cyberspace and beyond.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z8W7AKAY,2025-10-15,Jon R. Lindsay,Cornell University Press,,2025-12-16T21:46:48Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 309,Document Exploitation in Anglo-American Intelligence,Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/document-exploitation-in-anglo-american-intelligence,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K5JB9PUY,2025-12-12,Michael A. Innes,,,2025-12-12T12:57:47Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 310,The KGB tried to recruit me,Podcast,https://coldwarconversations.com/episode129/,"Hans de Vreij is a Dutch journalist who has worked in Berlin , Brussels, Geneva and Prague. Whilst working at the United Nations in Geneva Hans was the subject of attempted recruitment by the KGB to develop an ‘agent of influence’ to disseminate Soviet points of view. In addition, they analysed the ‘targeted journalist’ in terms of possible blackmail: ‘kompromat‘ (compromising material). This especially held true for journalists who later might find themselves in an important position, such as press spokesman at a ministry. We later talk about Hans’ visit to a Soviet chemical weapons facility and testing ground on the Volga, some 750 kms southeast of Moscow as well as his service in the Dutch Army. If you are enjoying the podcast please leave a written review in Apple podcasts or share us on social media. By telling your friends you can really help us grow the number of listeners. If you can spare it I’m asking listeners to contribute at least $3 USD per month to help keep us on the air (larger amounts are welcome too) plus you can get a sought after CWC coaster as a monthly financial supporter of the podcast and you bask in the warm glow of knowing you helping preserve Cold War history. Just go to https://coldwarconversations.com/donate/ Back to today’s episode, we welcome Hans to our Cold War conversation… Hans’ blog posts that cover the subjects in this episode",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NKIEJEBQ,2025-12-01,,,,2025-12-12T12:48:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 311,Propaganda Girls: The Secret War of the Women in the OSS,Book,https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250275592/propagandagirls/,"The incredible untold story of four women who spun the web of deception that helped win World War II. Betty MacDonald was a 28-year-old reporter from Hawaii. Zuzka Lauwers grew up in a tiny Czechoslovakian village and knew five languages by the time she was 21. Jane Smith-Hutton was the wife of a naval attaché living in Tokyo. Marlene Dietrich, the German-American actress and singer, was of course one of the biggest stars of the 20th century. These four women, each fascinating in her own right, together contributed to one of the most covert and successful military campaigns in WWII. As members of the OSS, their task was to create a secret brand of propaganda produced with the sole aim to break the morale of Axis soldiers. Working in the European theater, across enemy lines in occupied China, and in Washington, D.C., Betty, Zuzka, Jane, and Marlene forged letters and “official” military orders, wrote and produced entire newspapers, scripted radio broadcasts and songs, and even developed rumors for undercover spies and double agents to spread to the enemy. And outside of a small group of spies, no one knew they existed. Until now. In Propaganda Girls, bestselling author Lisa Rogak brings to vivid life the incredible true story of four unsung heroes, whose spellbinding achievements would change the course of history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VEKNHW6Y,2025-04-03,Lisa Rogak,Macmillan USA,,2025-12-12T12:45:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 312,"AI, intelligence processing, analysis, and decision-making in the Russo-Ukrainian war",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2596587,"The Russo-Ukrainian War is a major empirical case for examining how artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping intelligence processing, analysis, and decision-making. Both Ukraine and Russia have deployed AI-enabled intelligence systems to pursue information superiority, accelerate the intelligence cycle, and influence battlefield outcomes. AI plays a central role in managing and interpreting vast data streams, compressing the time between collection and action across tactical, operational, and strategic levels. However, while these systems enhance the speed, precision, and scale of intelligence operations, they remain constrained by enduring epistemological challenges and simultaneously create new opportunities for deception and covert activity. AI acts as a catalyst for change, yet it ultimately reinforces many of the enduring dynamics that define intelligence practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9VQB86ZY,2025-12-11,Clément Renault,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-12-12T12:33:36Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'Y959U28A']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2596587,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4417246701,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 313,Profiles in intelligence: an interview with 11th Mossad director Tamir Pardo,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2589736,"This article is based on an interview with Tamir Pardo, the 11th Director of the Mossad (2011–2016), conducted in Herzliya, Israel, in the summer of 2023 as part of a broader oral history project on Israeli intelligence culture and leadership. Pardo discusses his background in the military and intelligence sectors and offers perspectives on leadership and the strategic issues that influence Israel’s role in the region. His observations illuminate key patterns in Israel’s national security thinking, particularly the relationship between tactical effectiveness, long-term strategy, and the balance between secrecy, ethics, and political communication. This interview also provides an insider perspective on the Mossad’s institutional history and intelligence culture in the period preceding the surprise attack of 7 October 2023. That event is often described as a watershed moment comparable to Pearl Harbor (1941), the Yom Kippur War (1973), and 11 September 2001.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6IPBW2LM,2025-12-11,Eldad Ben Aharon,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-12-12T12:31:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2589736,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4417245627,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2589736, 314,The purpose and limitations of an Iran nuclear intelligence assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2595035,"Former Deputy Director of National Intelligence Beth Sanner offers guidance for managing politically charged intelligence assessments, examining the controversy surrounding Iran’s nuclear program following US and Israeli strikes in June 2025. Sanner provides practical lessons for reducing friction between the intelligence and policy communities by considering the contentious 2007 National Intelligence Estimate, which generated similar political opprobrium. She warns about the implications of analysts failing to provide objective assessments and of policymakers failing to consider inconvenient analytic conclusions. Preserving open and honest communication between analysts and decision-makers is essential for informed policy and, ultimately, for our national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M5KY8JD6,2025-12-10,Beth Sanner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-12-12T12:31:05Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2595035,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4417222885,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 315,"Navigating incompatible imperatives in intelligence affairs: bureaucracy, flexibility and Pragmatism",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2595032,"Intelligence agencies are expected to be flexible and imaginative to make sense of an uncertain world. This poses challenges for bureaucracies that adhere to values that essentially foster predictability in the interest of rationalisation. The agencies in Western democracies arguably grappled with how to bureaucratise imagination even before the 9/11 Commission urged the US IC to do so, and the grapple certainly lingers continuously. This article proposes that Pragmatism can inspire to a more flexible and imaginative intelligence bureaucracy. It discusses four basic tenets of Pragmatism and their relationship to intelligence affairs: fallibilism, anti-dualism, inquiry, and deliberation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VVFV6LG7,2025-12-05,Dan Hansén,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-12-12T12:30:40Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2595032,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4417070748,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2595032, 316,"Standing, joint or select committee? The motivations and consequences of creating new permanent select committee on intelligence in the U.S. Congress",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2595028,"In the 1970s, when Congress sought to enhance oversight on intelligence, it diverged from the conventional practice of establishing a standing committee or a joint committee, but chose to create a new permanent select committee on intelligence, which integrated features of both standing and select committees. The establishment of such committees was not merely a product of power struggles and compromises among existing standing committees that shared jurisdiction over intelligence; rather, it was intricately connected to the committees’ dual characteristics and distinctive organizational structures, and inherent requirements arising from the particularity of intelligence as the objects of congressional oversight. The power struggles and compromises concerning the formation of congressional intelligence committees have adversely impacted their subsequent development and operational efficacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UQK5AKTN,2025-11-29,Lei Liu,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-12-12T12:30:14Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2595028,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4416824052,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 317,The Woman Who Fought an Empire: Sarah Aaronsohn and Her Nili Spy Ring,Book,https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/potomac-books/9781612349435/the-woman-who-fought-an-empire/,"Finalist for the 2018 National Jewish Book Award in Biography Though she lived only to twenty-seven, Sarah Aaronsohn led a remarkable life. The Woman Who Fought an Empire tells the improbable but true odyssey of a bold young woman—the daughter of Romanian-born Jewish settlers in Palestine—who became the daring leader of a Middle East spy ring. Following the outbreak of World War I, Sarah learned that her brother Aaron had formed Nili, an anti-Turkish spy ring, to aid the British in their war against the Ottomans. Sarah, who had witnessed the atrocities of the Armenian genocide by the Turks, believed that only the defeat of the Ottoman Empire could save the Palestinian Jews from a similar fate. Sarah joined Nili, eventually rising to become the organization’s leader. Operating behind enemy lines, she and her spies furnished vital information to British intelligence in Cairo about the Turkish military forces until she was caught and tortured by the Turks in the fall of 1917. To protect her secrets, Sarah got hold of a gun and shot herself. The Woman Who Fought an Empire, set at the birth of the modern Middle East, rebukes the Hollywood stereotype of women spies as femme fatales and is both an espionage thriller and a Joan of Arc tale.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AZ83AP9H,2018-03-01,Gregory J. Wallance,University of Nebraska Press,,2025-12-12T12:21:26Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 318,The Spy Who Helped the Soviets Win Stalingrad and Kursk,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Spy-Who-Helped-the-Soviets-Win-Stalingrad-and-Kursk-Hardback/p/51886,"In his short life, Liverpool-born Alexander Foote went from being a volunteer in the International Brigade in Spain to becoming an agent of Soviet military intelligence in Switzerland. Pretending to his friends that he was a dim-witted Englishman with private means, Foote became the key telegraphist of the so-called ‘Red Three’ network of radio stations, communicating top secret German intelligence to the USSR from under the noses of the Swiss authorities. The information from Foote’s Morse key originated from sources in Germany and came to Foote via the enigmatic figure of Rudolph Rossler, known as Agent Lucy. Where he obtained the information from is a mystery that has never been solved. During the battles of Stalingrad and Kursk, Soviet generals came to depend on the information from Foote’s transmitter and those of his comrades. On his release from a ten-month remand in a Swiss gaol on an espionage charge, Foote absconded to Paris in 1944 before being invited for debriefing in Moscow. When he arrived, he became aware that he was under suspicion of being a British spy and it took all his wit to talk his comrades in Soviet intelligence out of sending him to the gulag: a fate that waited for many of the others in his Swiss network. Disillusioned with life in the USSR, Foote approached British intelligence while he was on a Soviet mission in Berlin. He made them an offer: if they got him back to Britain he would tell them all he knew about Soviet intelligence, from the inside.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XJ5P49T2,2025-01-30,Chris Jones,Pen and Sword,,2025-12-12T12:18:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 319,"Hybrid Threats, Cognitive Warfare, and Psychological Defence: A practitioners' toolbox for intelligence analysis and resilience-building",Report,https://zenodo.org/records/17763856,"This toolbox consolidates key practitioner takeaways from five publications authored by members of the Hybrid Threats Research Group into a single practitioner’s toolbox for countering hybrid threats and cognitive warfare and for strengthening psychological defence and resilience. The toolbox brings together models developed and published by the group. It links short-term threat–response cycles to long-term resilience and psychological defence, and operationalises national-level psychological defence in a convenient, ready-to-use format. First, the hybridity blizzard model depicts how the aggressor’s targeting of vulnerabilities interacts with the defender’s responses over time, situating intelligence at the interface of detection and countermeasures with resilience-building. The model also outlines responses to challenges in the contemporary operational environment, highlighting key focus areas for intelligence community actors across analysis, communication, and capability development. Second, the intelligence analysis interaction (hourglass) model captures three coupled processes – analysis, aggregated, tailored communication, and reception/absorption among societal actors. This model highlights bottlenecks and the need for feedback-rich, whole-of-society practice. Third, an analytical framework for building resilience and psychological defence countering hybrid threats and foreign influence and interference is outlined. This assess–address–evaluate framework provides a six-dimensional structure, including 1) threat assessment, 2) vulnerability assessments, 2) defence mechanisms, 3) coordination and cooperation, 4) legal/policy framework, and 5) impact and effectiveness. It guides analysis, action, and learning for psychological defence and resilience.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TV7N3EEM,2025-11-30,"Mikael Weissmann, Niklas Nilsson, Björn Palmertz, Johan Engvall",,,2025-12-12T12:16:57Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.5281/zenodo.17763856,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7109623458,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://fhs.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:2019405/FULLTEXT01, 320,"Cultural Intelligence, Leadership Effectiveness, and Conflict Management in Energy Diplomacy: The Case of Türkiye in the Eastern Mediterranean",Journal article,https://jiwp.umy.ac.id/index.php/jiwp/article/view/211,"This article reviews peer-reviewed scholarship published between 2010 and 2024 to evaluate how Türkiye’s cultural-intelligence-driven leadership has shaped conflict management in Eastern Mediterranean energy diplomacy. Drawing on the four dimensions of Cultural Intelligence—cognitive, behavioural, motivational, and metacognitive—the study maps these capacities onto transformational, situational, and adaptive leadership models. It codes emergent themes through qualitative content analysis. Evidence from key inflection points—such as the 2019 Türkiye-Libya maritime accord, NATO-facilitated de-escalation efforts, and post-Ukraine-war supply-chain disruptions—suggests that a high cognitive CQ equips Ankara to anticipate rivals’ legal and diplomatic moves, while behavioural CQ enables fluid shifts between naval signalling and conciliatory rhetoric. Motivational CQ appears to sustain engagement despite exclusion from structures like the East Mediterranean Gas Forum, and metacognitive CQ accelerates strategic course corrections. In combination with a transformational–adaptive leadership blend, these competencies expand Türkiye’s bargaining space and preserve its narrative of becoming a regional energy hub. However, persistent trust deficits and maritime jurisdiction disputes still impose structural constraints. The article proposes a “CQ-Based Leadership and Conflict-Management Framework” intended to inform multi-party resource-governance strategies for both states and energy firms.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6L2G7GUL,2025-12-08,Ahmet Ateş,,Journal of Islamic World and Politics,2025-12-12T12:11:19Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.18196/jiwp.v9i2.211,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7124962852,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://jiwp.umy.ac.id/index.php/jiwp/article/download/211/150, 321,Inside the CIA’s Book Club Designed to Bring Down Communism,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/inside-the-cias-book-club-designed-to-bring-down-communism/id201680433?i=1000738319620,"The CIA’s book club, known by the codename QRHELPFUL, was a secret 35-year program born of the fear that communism would dominate the globe. About 10 million books were smuggled into the Soviet Union during the Cold War, transported by trucks and yachts, in tins and luggage, and even dropped from balloons. The agency believed that the literature could win hearts and minds, turning citizens of the Soviet Bloc into dissidents. It’s all documented in author Charlie English’s new book, The CIA Book Club, the first narrative account of this program.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HU7ASZ7,2025-11-25,Sasha Ingber,,,2025-12-09T07:59:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 322,The Hunt for China’s Spy Family,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-hunt-for-chinas-spy-family/id201680433?i=1000737236554,"For decades, California-based engineer Chi Mak quietly stole secrets on war-fighting technologies. He and his family members shared the intelligence with spies in China, giving Beijing astounding insights they hadn’t earned. Former FBI Special Agent James Gaylord takes us back to the elaborate investigation in 2004. Evidence gathered by his squad, call sign “SARA-4,” broke a string of FBI failures in the courtroom. Chi went to prison, but new problems arose. Jim’s account is documented in his book, Chasing Chi.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NXLUQRDG,2025-11-18,Sasha Ingber,,,2025-12-09T07:58:42Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 323,The Drunk in Department V | KGB,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/0ToTfZZSac1CsmLuip6Dj3,"Author and filmmaker Richard Kerbaj tells the story of Oleg Lyalin - the hard-living, womanising KGB officer whose defection changed the course of the Cold War, and shaped the future of intelligence agencies on both sides of the Atlantic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RWWWQP6Z,2025-11-18,Richard Kerbaj,,,2025-12-09T07:57:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 324,Brief Histories: Spychology,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/5n75B3spyWPH497fnrmo8S,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7U44DT4F,2025-11-13,Joe Foley,,,2025-12-09T07:51:46Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 325,Fundamentals first: The case for foundational intelligence today,Podcast,https://podcast.janes.com/public/68/The-World-of-Intelligence-50487d09/46ab8614,"Recorded live from DSEI 2025. Join host Kate Cox and a panel of Janes experts including Sean Corbett, Dylan Lehrke, and Tom Barton, as they unpack the essentials of intelligence, from foundational data to cutting-edge military insights. Discover what goes on behind the scenes in crafting the intelligence that informs global defence strategies and decision making.
Watch the video of the recording on our YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZk66z7y4Og
",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2LGIG8PW,2025-10-14,"Dylan L. Lehrke, Kate Cox, Tom Barton, Sean Corbett",,,2025-12-09T07:49:44Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 326,Counterintelligence in Legal Perspective: Balancing National Security and Human Rights in Indonesia,Journal article,https://ejurnal.ubharajaya.ac.id/index.php/KRTHA/article/view/4528,"This study examines the crucial role of counterintelligence within the legal framework of Indonesia, focusing on the inherent tension between safeguarding national security and upholding human rights in the face of evolving contemporary threats. Utilizing a qualitative legal analysis approach, this research scrutinizes existing Indonesian laws, particularly the State Intelligence Law (Law No. 17/2011), to identify their adequacy, ambiguities, and potential for legal and ethical challenges in counterintelligence operations. It analyzes how core counterintelligence functions—such as intelligence gathering, surveillance, and neutralization—are regulated and the extent to which they align with international human rights standards. The study highlights critical legal gaps concerning privacy protection, accountability mechanisms, and oversight of intelligence agencies. Based on this analysis, it proposes concrete legal reforms and policy recommendations aimed at strengthening Indonesia's counterintelligence capabilities while ensuring robust adherence to democratic principles, rule of law, and fundamental human rights. This includes advocating for clearer legal mandates, enhanced independent oversight, and transparent accountability frameworks to foster public trust and legitimacy in counterintelligence practices.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ADQ3G4U,2025-12-01,Stanislaus Riyanta,,KRTHA BHAYANGKARA,2025-12-04T10:24:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.31599/krtha.v19i3.4528,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7115063562,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://ejurnal.ubharajaya.ac.id/index.php/KRTHA/article/download/4528/2615, 327,"Training, Diplomacy and Espionage: The curious cruise of HMS Cornwall, 1909",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2025.2578097,"HMS Cornwall, an armoured cruiser fitted out as a cadet training ship, toured the Baltic in summer 1909. Two officers who joined her crew at the last moment appear to have been there for covert reconnaissance. This article traces the overt cruise and examines the covert mission of Lieutenant Vivian Ronald Brandon and Lieutenant Bernard Frederic Trench and its possible consequences. Cornwall's 1909 cruise brought together three men, the ships commander, Captain Reginald ‘Blinker’ Hall, Brandon and Trench who later formed a crucial team in the Naval Intelligence Department. Their experience of the 1909 cruise had profound effect on naval intelligence during the First World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GXUBS3NB,2025-10-02,Derek Nudd,Routledge,The Mariner's Mirror,2025-12-08T08:07:45Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/00253359.2025.2578097,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4416909839,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 328,Chapter 18 Shorthand Girls and Secret Missives: Women’s Contributions to Late Roman Intelligence Operations,Book chapter,https://brill.com/display/book/9789004749368/BP000029.xml,"Abstract This chapter examines women’s contributions to late Roman strategic military and political intelligence operations, a topic often overlooked in modern studies of ancient Greek and Roman intelligence. By analyzing the actions of several female informants recorded in Ammianus Marcellinus’ Res Gestae, this article argues that women’s epistolary networks were a potent source of sensitive information and that women’s disclosures of this intelligence were pivotal in identifying and averting internal threats within Rome’s borders during the reign of Constantius II (r. 337–361). Further, a reexamination of the writings of the fourth-century rhetorician Gaius Julius Victor and other contemporary evidence supports the conclusion that male and female correspondents may have used ciphers or other forms of stenographic notae to encrypt their correspondence in the period. The use of these codes underscores the vulnerabilities of written communications during the era and highlights the dangerous and sometimes dire risks borne by imperial women like Constantina and Eusebia who were tasked with resolving military and political crises through their correspondence in the mid-fourth century CE.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MTQAJ6D5,2025-11-26,Kathryn A. Langenfeld,Brill,,2025-12-08T07:57:19Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1163/9789004749368_019,Brill's Companion to Ancient Women in War in the Mediterranean World,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7110904443,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 329,Special Section: Hybrid Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2474388,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/52NXPRY8,2025-12-01,"Lilian Alessa, James Valentine",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-12-04T10:24:39Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2474388,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4416862355,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 330,The Impact of Terrorism in Africa on the European Decision-Making: Lessons from the French Intervention in Mali » EUNACR,Blog post,https://eunacr.com/the-impact-of-terrorism-in-africa-on-the-european-decision-making-lessons-from-the-french-intervention-in-mali/,"A collaborated study by EUNACR's War and Economic Intelligence Unit Research staff. By: Shady El-Sherif, Mariah, Omar Sherif, Rumaysa Bekic, Bassant Owf, Eriny Girgis INTRODUCTION The French intervention in Mali in early 2013 emphasizes that the decision-makers in Paris, Brussels, and Washington considered the establishment of the radical",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MFPZWYNX,2021-12-03T05:49:22+00:00,Sara Kira,,,2025-11-28T13:30:22Z,['TEMXY72R'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 331,"When Resistance Went Global: MLK’s Assassination, Japan’s Beheiren…",Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/when-resistance-went-global-mlks-assassination-japans-beheiren-and-americas-vietnam-deserters,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F39Q3HCH,2025-11-28,Satoshi Yoda,,,2025-11-28T13:28:36Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 332,"The Arctic as an Intelligence Arena: Strategic Competition, Security Challenges, and Emerging Threats",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83708-218-620251013,"The Arctic is rapidly becoming a contested intelligence theater as climate change reshapes its strategic importance. Once an isolated region, the Arctic now hosts escalating geopolitical competition, particularly between Western nations and adversaries such as Russia and China. Meanwhile, other BRICS nations are leveraging Arctic engagement to challenge Western intelligence dominance. This chapter examines the intelligence challenges emerging in the Arctic, focusing on geographic constraints, hybrid threats, military surveillance limitations, and intra-alliance tensions. It argues that Western intelligence agencies must adopt a multipronged approach that integrates enhanced ISR capabilities, improved intelligence-sharing frameworks, and expanded hybrid threat monitoring to counter evolving adversarial strategies. The paper also explores the broader implications of Arctic intelligence failures as a test case for the declining ability of Western intelligence agencies to anticipate and mitigate strategic shifts in a multipolar world. By addressing gaps in Arctic-specific intelligence capabilities and interagency coordination, the West can prevent further erosion of its strategic position in the High North.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KMSZ555Q,2025-12-01,Shay Hershkovitz,Emerald Publishing Limited,,2025-11-28T10:48:47Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1108/978-1-83708-218-620251013,Geopolitical Challenges to the Global Influence of Western Society: A New World Order?,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4416566212,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 333,Scandinavia in NATO’s military strategy: An analysis of Cold War intelligence assessments and strategy documents,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2025.2495294,"Against the backdrop of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Sweden and Finland have become members of NATO, marking the most substantive transformation of the strategic landscape in Northern Europe since the end of the Cold War. Using newly declassified materials from NATO’s archives in Brussels, this article analyses the evolution of the alliance’s Cold War descriptions of Scandinavia to inform the ongoing debate on the region’s role in NATO’s present military strategy. It traces Scandinavia’s military-strategic position through three phases of the Cold War, highlighting the region’s multiple roles in the Alliance’s strategy for deterrence and warfighting against the Soviet Union. The analysis demonstrates how Scandinavia grew in significance as technological advancements altered the perception of depth and range on the battlefield. In particular, the advent of long-range missiles tied Scandinavia’s military fate with Continental Europe and, eventually, with the United States. The article concludes by examining what this historical legacy may imply for the future of NATO’s Northern region.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NXG4HFHD,2025-11-25,Joachim Bentzen,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2025-11-28T10:48:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/01402390.2025.2495294,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4416663866,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4416663866,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,,0.0 334,Resilience to Threats from Foreign Intelligence Services,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-99286-5_5,"Resilience to threats posed by foreign intelligence services is one of the national security priorities enshrined in the Law on National Security Framework of the Republic of Lithuania. It declares that the state authorities must protect Lithuania from subversive activities of foreign secret services and their cover structures and prevent them from using the territory of the Republic of Lithuania or as a transit state for subversive activities against other states. Hostile activities by foreign intelligence and security services pose a serious threat to the national security of small states. This threat has recently intensified. The activities of foreign intelligence and security services are not limited to the gathering of national, NATO, and European Union classified and other information through hijacking, extortion, or other means. Intelligence and security services in foreign countries are actively engaged in cyber, information, influence, and other hybrid attacks, organising and carrying out diversions, and assassinating foreign and domestic citizens who threaten their political leadership. Therefore, strengthening the resilience of small states by enhancing the capacity of their intelligence and counterintelligence institutions, citizens’ awareness, critical thinking, and resilience to the unlawful influence of foreign intelligence and security services is crucial to reduce the threat posed by foreign intelligence and security services. This chapter examines Lithuania’s best practices in ensuring the resilience of the state and society against espionage and other subversive threats posed by foreign intelligence services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JTHWIQY5,2026,Andrius Tekorius,Springer Nature Switzerland,,2025-11-21T21:06:17Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1007/978-3-031-99286-5_5,"Democratic Resilience in the Baltics, Vol. 1: Resilient Governance and Democratic Stability",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7104381715,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-99286-5_5.pdf, 335,Strategic Vandalism: Decoding the French 'Red Hands' Trial,Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/strategic-vandalism-decoding-the-french-red-hands-trial,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F8B28MQL,2025-11-21,"Pauline Blistène, Daniela Richterova",,,2025-11-21T12:36:14Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 336,Learning from Canberra: A Smarter Vision for UK Intelligence and National Security,Blog post,https://www.rusi.orghttps://www.rusi.org,"Without adopting Canberra's policies wholesale, the UK's intelligence-policymaker network would benefit from making some of the changes Australia has implemented, particularly the designation of a principal adviser to the Prime Minister on intelligence matters.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G2T98J9M,2025-11-19," Parker-Vincent, Celia G.",,,2025-11-21T12:27:23Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 337,"The Convergence of AI, Big Data, and Open-Source Intelligence",Book chapter,https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/the-convergence-of-ai-big-data-and-open-source-intelligence/www.igi-global.com/chapter/the-convergence-of-ai-big-data-and-open-source-intelligence/394712,"This chapter examines the transformative convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and open-source intelligence (OSINT) in modern intelligence operations. It explores how AI-augmented platforms, predictive analytics, and cross-domain data fusion enhance situational awareness, threat detection, and decision-making. The chapter also addresses ethical, legal, and technical challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and system interoperability. By proposing adaptive frameworks that balance innovation with transparency and accountability, the study underscores how AI-driven OSINT can empower intelligence agencies to operate effectively, responsibly, and strategically in complex, data-rich environments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VZRS6GJ3,2026,"Munir Ahmad, Md Rokibul Hasan, Bishnu Padh Ghosh, Md Nasiruddin",IGI Global Scientific Publishing,,2025-11-18T08:46:27Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.4018/979-8-3373-3750-0.ch004,Safeguarding National Security Through Strategic Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4416214431,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 338,Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act in Light of the United States Fourth Amendment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1114179,"This paper examines the evolving relationship between the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches and seizures and the U.S. government’s use of electronic surveillance in the name of national security. It traces the historical expansion of surveillance authority, beginning with early wiretapping cases and culminating in the enactment and evolution of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). The analysis highlights the legal tension between the executive branch’s national security prerogatives and constitutional safeguards for U.S. persons, focusing on how courts have justified exceptions to warrant requirements through doctrines such as “special needs.” It explores key cases like Katz, Keith, Truong, and In re Sealed Case, which shaped the balance between privacy rights and intelligence gathering. The paper also discusses the post-9/11 amendments to FISA under the USA PATRIOT Act, which shifted the threshold for permissible surveillance by lowering the requirement from “primary purpose” to “significant purpose” in foreign intelligence investigations. Finally, it considers ongoing legal controversies regarding warrantless surveillance programs and the implications of these developments for the future of constitutional privacy protections.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R8DTYVA6,2025-10-17,Seyed Dezfuli,,Open Access Library Journal,2025-11-17T23:12:16Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.4236/oalib.1114179,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7092212778,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1114179, 339,Who Does the Moldovan Intelligence Service (SIS) Serve?: A Historical and Political Analysis,Book chapter,http://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/volume.php?pt=eb_book&y=2025&issue=ips_moldova_slavs-2025&i=2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YTD9E496,2025,Dajana Lazarević,Institute for Political Studies,,2025-11-16T16:25:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.18485/ips_moldova_slavs.2025.ch2,Moldova and the Slavs,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415943297,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,http://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2025/ips_moldova_slavs/ips_moldova_slavs-2025-ch2.pdf, 340,Blockbuster and The Armstrong-Bailey Recommendations: British Intelligence and Yugoslav Resistance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2025.2585666,"In 1943, Allied support for Yugoslav resistance shifted from General Draža Mihailović’s Royalist Četniks to Josip Broz Tito’s Communist Partisans. Historiographical debates surrounding this shift have often centered on two long-form reports from the British Brigadier Missions: Brigadier Fitzroy Maclean’s “Blockbuster” report from Tito’s headquarters and the Armstrong-Bailey Recommendations from Mihailović’s headquarters. These documents have been presented as representing two opposing positions within British policy debates, one favoring the Partisans, the other the Četniks, reinforcing a narrative of a deeply divided decision-making process. This is the product of a divided historiography, more than a reflection of the policy discussions occurring within the British Government concerning Yugoslav resistance. This article challenges existing interpretations through a close reading of these reports in their entirety, reevaluating the balance between their political and military assessments, and situating them within the broader context of related reports, correspondence, and policy discussions. Drawing on the archival record, including the recently declassified SOE collection, Armstrong and Bailey’s regular reports, Maclean’s discussions with figures such as Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden, and communications between other key policymakers (including the British Ambassador to the Yugoslav Government-in-exile, Sir Ralph Stevenson), this article reconstructs the context in which these reports were received and debated. Taken in their entirety, “Blockbuster” and the Armstrong-Bailey Recommendations do not represent opposing policy positions. Instead, when considered within broader discussions, they represent complementary assessments of how best to calibrate British policy to maximize effect while managing potential risks. Recognizing this reframes our understanding of the debates surrounding British policy toward Yugoslavia and highlights the degree to which policy was shaped not by ideological divides, but by pragmatic assessments of conditions on the ground. This reinterpretation challenges the existing historiographical framework and offers a more nuanced account of British policy discussions concerning Yugoslav resistance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MV2M9DCS,2025-11-10,Chris Murray,Routledge,The Journal of Slavic Military Studies,2025-11-16T09:57:43Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/13518046.2025.2585666,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4416099823,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 341,Artificial intelligence governance and intelligence interoperability: Diverging EU and NATO approaches in national security contexts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2578461,"Artificial Intelligence (AI) now shapes many aspects of security and intelligence work. The European Union and NATO have moved in different directions in how they handle its use. The EU leans heavily on law and ethics to keep AI under democratic control, while NATO treats it mainly as a way to speed up operations and strengthen cooperation between allies. Drawing on policy documents and two case studies—biometric surveillance and automated signals intelligence (SIGINT)—securitization and co-production theory are used to show how these choices affect daily collaboration. Governance differences often create friction but can also lead to complementarity in intelligence practice. Coordination should be improved through shared certification standards, secure data-sharing protocols, and the establishment of a permanent EU–NATO working group on AI in security so that innovation supports, rather than divides, transatlantic cooperation",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZIHECKNC,2025-11-10,Ana Jović-Lazić,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-11-16T09:56:26Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2578461,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4416074445,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 342,"EU Intelligence Cooperation – New Dangers, Old Problems",Journal article,https://www.nsf-journal.hr/nsf-volumes/focus/id/1533,"Today, national security services of EU member states are faced with a situation in which they must preserve their own integrity but at the same time elevate intelligence cooperation in response to increasingly global threats and an increasingly global array of accessible data. The main obstacle to the development of intelligence cooperation at the Union level is the lack of trust—both of member states towards the Union, and among the member states themselves. Preuzmite članak u PDF formatuOn the other hand, external threats have always exerted a cohesive influence on this aspect of member state cooperation. In order to successfully balance these two tendencies, such cooperation should be based on common interests. Furthermore, this cooperation should not be too formal, and it should be regulated either by national laws or bilateral/multilateral agreements. The intelligence cooperation of the Union member states within the Union should not be formed by taking over the rights of member states as guaranteed by Union law, but rather within existing forms of cooperation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UN5CFQLK,2025-10-09,Stjepan Novak,,National Security and the Future,2025-11-16T09:25:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.37458/nstf.26.2.5,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415570225,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.37458/nstf.26.2.5, 343,Seeing the unseen: why geospatial intelligence is important,Podcast,https://shows.acast.com/the-national-security-podcast/episodes/seeing-the-unseen-why-geospatial-intelligence-is-important,A podcast by the ANU National Security College,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TRIPNV2Y,2025-11-06,"Kathryn McMullan, Sally Bulkeley",,,2025-11-14T11:16:02Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 344,True Spies Debriefs: Brett Janis on Economic Intelligence,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/0HdefGsjbtWBE3BZe4FQoJ,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y5KBAGDJ,2025-10-27,Brett Janis,,,2025-11-14T11:12:29Z,['TEMXY72R'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 345,True Spies Classic: The Spy In The Cornfield | FBI,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/2LXrTbSyyCadFEnjxIxHbv,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/93IIIK69,2025-10-20,Mark Betten,,,2025-11-14T11:13:31Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 346,Selling The World's Secrets: Is The CIA Reading Your Messages? (Ep 1),Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/selling-the-worlds-secrets-is-the-cia-reading/id1780384916?i=1000734034575,Podcast Episode · The Rest Is Classified · 11/03/2025 · 36m,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HQ48WLA,2025-11-03,"Gordon Corera, David McCloskey",,,2025-11-14T11:14:35Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 347,"The Scientist Turned Spy: André Michaux, Thomas Jefferson, and the Conspiracy of 1793",Book,https://www.upress.virginia.edu/title/10032/,"he incredible story of an explorer caught up in international intrigue at the dawn of US history André Michaux was the most accomplished scientific explorer of North America before Lewis and Clark. His work took him from the Bahamas to Hudson Bay, and it is likely that no contemporary of his had seen as much of the continent. But there is more to his story. During his decade-long American sojourn, Michaux found himself thrust into the middle of a vast international conspiracy. In 1793, the revolutionary French government conscripted him into its service as a secret agent and tasked him with organizing American frontiersmen to attack Spanish-controlled New Orleans, seize control of Louisiana, and establish an independent republic in the American West. New evidence also strongly implicates Thomas Jefferson in this plot. Drawing on sources buried in the vault of the American Philosophical Society, Patrick Spero offers a bona fide page-turner that sheds new light on an incipient American political climate that fostered reckless diplomatic ventures under the guise of scientific exploration, revealing the air of uncertainty and opportunity that pervaded the early republic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UWK47DDF,2024-09-01,Patrick Spero,University of Virginia Press,,2025-09-14T11:19:53Z,"['8XA7D88D', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 348,"BRITISH COLONIAL INTELLIGENCE REPORTS AND THE CONQUEST OF THE LOWER CROSS RIVER REGION, 1885 – 1929",Journal article,https://bwjournal.org/index.php/bsjournal/article/view/3454,"Throughout the British colony of Nigeria, intelligence gathering included reporting rebellious behaviour, political activity of the people as well as contentious information about local demography, economic activity, and the indigenous institutions of the people which gave foremost information about the people, culture and environment. The conquest and success of the “colonial order” rested, in turn, on the degree of information or intelligence gathered by the British authorities. From 1849 to 1900, Southern Nigeria came under consular jurisdiction of the Foreign Office in Britain. During the last half of the 18th century, the industrial revolution took place in England, creating the demand for natural products to keep the factories humming – and Africa was a store-house of untapped wealth. The British outrageous attempt to eliminate the role of the coastal chiefs as middlemen who controlled the trading inlets to the hinterland to foist favourable price regime resulted in the opposition of the Africans. There was also the problem of international trade competition, especially between the French and the English which led to the establishment of consular rule. The British Consul was to protect the British commercial interests on the coast and pre-empt any hostile activities and warfare, which led to stoppage of trade. As soon as the Upper Cross River opened up, the Lower Cross followed and this happened with bombardment of Old Town in 1855. Consequently, the foremost military encounter leading to the opening up of the Lower Cross River commenced with the elimination of local rulers whose monopolistic and hegemonic influence threatened the colonial authorities. In doing this, the British authorities employed the services of early explorers, missionaries and keen observers who gathered information about the people’s socio-political and cultural activities as well as military architecture of the people which consequently led to the consequent of the area.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LSV9BZSS,2025-11-07,Innocent Isaiah Udom,,BW Academic Journal,2025-11-10T10:45:17Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 349,"INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION METHODS AMONG THE BRITISH IN THE LOWER CROSS RIVER REGION, 1885 – 1929",Journal article,https://bwjournal.org/index.php/bsjournal/article/view/3453,"Intelligence gathering is the process of collecting and analyzing information to understand and evaluate threats, risks, opportunities, and challenges. It is a critical component of decision-making in various fields, including national security, law enforcement, business, and finance. Effective intelligence gathering requires a range of skills and methods including data collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination. The paper examined the wide array of intelligence gathering methods of the British in the Lower Cross River region between 1885 and 1929. The study adopted a historical method of analysis. Using both primary and secondary sources of evidence, the study found that due to insecurity challenges encountered by the colonial authorities in the Lower Cross River region, the officials adopted different methods of intelligence gathering in the area which include environmental intelligence (Envint), human intelligence (Humint), signals intelligence (Sigint), among others. It also observed that the success of the colonial “information order” rested in turn, on the degree of methods adopted in the gathering of intelligence. It concluded that intelligence gathering played a major role in the conquest and administration of the Lower Cross River region where local resistance and opposition posed a serious threat to the colonial order. The gathering of information for intelligence purposes often came from different methods for which environmental intelligence (Envint) and human intelligence (Humint) played a greater role. ",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SKJEQFYI,2025-11-07,Innocent Isaiah Udom,,BW Academic Journal,2025-11-10T10:43:11Z,['TEMXY72R'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 350,Veiled intentions: Hamas’s strategic deception and intelligence success on 7 October 2023,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2576903,"On 7 October 2023, Hamas dealt a severe blow to Israel’s deterrence by launching a multi-front incursion that killed more than a thousand Israelis and captured hundreds. Prevailing commentary frames the attack as an Israeli intelligence debacle; this study instead interrogates Hamas’s intelligence success. Drawing on strategic deception, the intelligence-cycle model and asymmetric warfare scholarship, it analyses how a resource-starved non-state actor concealed intentions. Process-traced evidence from investigative reporting, declassified Israeli documents, and interviews1 the author conducted with Hamas’s leadership, members and analysts reveals four enabling pillars: meticulous operational security, systematic open-source and cyber intelligence collection (OSINT), insider human intelligence (HUMINT) and a professionalised intelligence apparatus shaped by decades of counter-espionage practice and external tutoring. The findings underscore adversary agency and expose the fragility of technological superiority for advanced militaries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y33IBX3S,2025-11-06,Muhanad Seloom,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-11-10T10:39:14Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684527.2025.2576903,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415983162,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4415983162,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2576903,1.0 351,Applying Epistemology to Analysis: Making the Case for Abductive Reasoning,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-vol-69-no-3-extracts-september-2025/applying-epistemology-to-analysis-making-the-case-for-abductive-reasoning/,"The late Richards Heuer, an authority on intelligence analysis theory, whose work remains widely influential today, stated that his understanding of intelligence analysis is based on a review of “cognitive psychology literature” concerning “how people process information to make judgments on incomplete and ambiguous information.” While Heuer admitted that this approach “may not be wholly satisfactory to either psychologists or intelligence analysts,” I think that Heuer fundamentally misunderstood the essence of intelligence analysis by reducing it to a psychological enterprise. Better intelligence analysis cannot be derived simply from understanding “mental processes” and “mistakes in thinking” if analysis is about producing knowledge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C85TBRDS,2025-09-01,Leon Niemoczynski,,Studies in Intelligence,2025-11-06T11:02:46Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 352,"Banker, Philantropist, Soldier, Spy: David Rockefeller's Experience in Army Intelligence, 1942–54",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-vol-69-no-3-extracts-september-2025/banker-philantropist-soldier-spy-david-rockefellers-experience-in-army-intelligence-1942-54/,"David Rockefeller, known worldwide as the longtime head of Chase Manhattan Bank and grandson of John D. Rockefeller, had a much less well-known but personally and professionally influential involvement with US Army intelligence during World War II and beyond. After enlisting in 1942 and later becoming an officer, he served in North Africa, southern France, and Paris. Mining archives sheds new light on Rockefeller's wartime career, his post-war intersections with the nascent Central Intelligence Agency, and the impact of his subsequent career as a banker and philanthropist. We are also left wondering, what if Rockefeller had stuck with intelligence, an opportunity he was offered, rather than returning to the family business?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5FKEYMMH,2025-09-01,David Robarge,,Studies in Intelligence,2025-11-06T11:00:25Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 353,Russia’s Spies Fear the Children,Blog post,https://cepa.org/article/russias-spies-fear-the-children/,The FSB’s new prison-and-detention empire and its ever-expanding target list now includes a new category of Russians — teenagers.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NMHF2QGU,2025-10-28T17:46:55+00:00,"Andrei Soldatov, Irina Borogan",,,2025-11-06T08:42:08Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 354,Metaverse Intelligence (METINT),Journal article,https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=146491,"We are at the beginning of developments where the Metaverse environment, which brings together the virtual and real worlds, is becoming three-dimensional, and where studies in the field of cyber intelligence will provide intelligence platforms with vastly different functions, potentially revolutionizing our overall perspective on intelligence. This study examines the potential use of the Metaverse environment—whose initial applications we are currently experiencing in gaming, healthcare, and business—for intelligence services and its potential to create a new intelligence field, by reviewing existing literature in the intelligence domain and adopting a comparative approach. In this context, applications where virtual and real worlds intertwine in the ongoing wars in Ukraine and Gaza, particularly targeted killing systems, are evaluated as having opened a new era for intelligence activities in the Metaverse environment. This article focuses on how intelligence services can benefit from the Metaverse environment under the title “Metaverse Intelligence (METINT)”, used at the first time as a term in that article, the possible working principles in this new field, and the need for concept and structuring. The predictions about using technologies like artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and Blockchain employed in the Metaverse environment under a new intelligence framework may be included in this study for the first time in this article. In this study, after first addressing the digital transformation of power, how the Metaverse environment works will be explained, and the development of Metaverse intelligence and fundamental principles thereof will be emphasized. It is concluded that metaverse progressively provides a unique environment and opportunities for the intelligence functions and the intelligence services should promptly adapt their processes, structure and platforms into that domain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B7VRVYW5,2025-10-21,Sait Yilmaz,Scientific Research Publishing,Open Journal of Political Science,2025-11-05T08:51:07Z,['TEMXY72R'],10.4236/ojps.2025.154051,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415372906,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojps_1672654.pdf, 355,Dr Ke Lin and the origins of Chinese Communist Espionage in Macau,Journal article,https://shs.cairn.info/revue-etudes-francaises-de-renseignement-et-de-cyber-2025-2-page-206,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JK4A29MU,2025-10-31,Matthew Brazil,Presses Universitaires de France,Études françaises de renseignement et de cyber,2025-11-05T08:47:40Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.3917/efrc.252.0206,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415733722,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 356,Spies in History: From the Ancient World to the Silver Screen,Book,https://bokforlagetstolpe.com/en/books/spies-in-history/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GZDZZHJC,2025-11-20,Paul Lay,Stolpe Publishing,,2025-11-04T13:44:31Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 357,Retracted Article: Strengthening Caribbean Intelligence: Education and Training for Enhanced Intra- and Inter-Agency Collaboration,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2025.2453721,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2WW8HHC3,2025-04-30,"Troy Smith, Andy and Short",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-05-02T13:36:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2453721,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4409963494,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 358,The White Lady: The Story of Two Key British Secret Service Networks Behind German Lines,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/book/9780300275117/the-white-lady/,"Intelligence gathering was essential to both sides in the First and Second World Wars. At the heart of MI6’s efforts were two key networks in Belgium. Agents in The White Lady acted as couriers, radio operators and spies to facilitate the end of German control. And, when war broke out again two decades later, the leaders of the network regrouped and established a successor: The Clarence Service. Helen Fry charts the history of these pivotal intelligence networks. Drawing on recently declassified information, Fry examines who the agents were, how they were recruited, and how the intelligence they gathered directly impacted the outcome of both wars. Operators in the field sent over eight hundred radio messages to London and delivered more than a thousand reports, including groundbreaking information on Hitler’s secret weapon the V-1. This is a compelling account of the agents who risked their lives and found ingenious ways to smuggle intelligence out of occupied Belgium.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A3EJ6QXE,2025-10-28,Helen Fry,Yale University Press London,,2025-11-04T08:36:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 359,Rethinking the Narrative of Turkey’s July 15 Events: An Intelligence Operation Disguised as a Coup Attempt,Blog post,https://smallwarsjournal.com/2025/09/30/rethinking-the-narrative-of-turkeys-july-15-events-an-intelligence-operation-disguised-as-a-coup-attempt/,Turkey’s 2016 July 15 events points to a pre-planned intelligence operation and underscores the need for reassessment.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q56QZKBB,2025-09-30T06:00:00+00:00,"Mustafa Kirisci, Ibrahim Kocaman, Murat Balci",,,2025-11-03T08:38:36Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 360,The Legal and Ethical Implications of Sharing Open-Source Intelligence Among Agencies and Contractors,Journal article,https://isirpublisher.com/the-legal-and-ethical-implications-of-sharing-open-source-intelligence-among-agencies-and-contractors/,"This article seeks to understand open-source intelligence in the 21st century by examining the implications of sharing it with high-reliability organizations, private military contractors, and other outside groups. By comparing the efficacy of finished intelligence collected through overt and covert means, we conclude that OSINT can be far more impactful, primarily because it is easily shareable. The article then begins to develop a framework with which to understand the sharing of OSINT and the nature of its potential impacts. Finally, this analysis concludes that OSINT’s most useful place auxiliary method to disconfirm traditional intelligence and work as an informational proxy that allows the broad sharing of collected information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MRN5RCYJ,2025-09-28T07:34:10+00:00,Mike Potter,,ISIR Publisher,2025-11-03T08:33:43Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 361,Artificial intelligence and the future of espionage,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/artificial-intelligence-and-the-future-of-espionage/,"Artificial intelligence is not simply another technological tool; it’s a transformative force reshaping the foundations of intelligence and national security. In remarks to the 11 October Aspen-Otago National Security Forum in New Zealand, Anne Neuberger, ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VMV9UGLC,2025-10-29T19:00:55+00:00,Chris Taylor,,,2025-10-30T12:49:11Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 362,"Espionage, Eligibility, and the Integrity of the European Commission",Blog post,https://verfassungsblog.de/varhelyi-commissioner-espionage-law/,"The revelation that Hungarian intelligence officers allegedly operated within EU institutional premises under the watch of the current EU Commissioner Oliver Várhelyi, who at the time served as Hungary’s Permanent Representative to the European Union, poses an unprecedented challenge to the Union's constitutional framework. The Várhelyi affair poses a question the Union has never had to answer so starkly: What happens when a member state treats the institutions it helped create not as a common project, but as hostile territory to be infiltrated and undermined?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KBQVLSF9,2025-10-14,Alberto Alemanno,,,2025-10-30T12:48:21Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 363,Women Spying for the Geuzen,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003718253,"× On May 27, 1573, three women from Amsterdam presented themselves at the Haarlemmerpoort. Lijsbeth Harmans, Trijn Thonis and Neel Heyndrix wanted to re-enter the city after a short stay outside the walls. These were dangerous times. Much of Holland and Zeeland was in the hands of the Protestant insurgents, called Geuzen, but Amsterdam was still staunchly Catholic and loyal to the king of Spain, so anyone who wanted to enter the city was first interrogated extensively. The three women’s stories aroused suspicion and they were imprisoned. They were charged with trying to smuggle letters to the rebels in Alkmaar, and “conversing” with these rebellious Geuzen was strictly forbidden.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3YRW8GCX,2025,Femke Deen,"Walburg Pers B.V., Uitgeverij",,2025-10-30T12:47:13Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,Amsterdam 750 Years,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 364,"From the cold war to today, why espionage cases are so difficult to prosecute",Blog post,http://theconversation.com/from-the-cold-war-to-today-why-espionage-cases-are-so-difficult-to-prosecute-267674,Espionage trials risk revealing the sometimes highly confidential methods by which evidence had been gathered against the accused.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WKL8N39C,2025-10-20,Philip Murphy,,,2025-10-30T12:46:26Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.64628/AB.epr43r3s4,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415369475,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 365,International Espionage,Book chapter,,"This chapter looks at the ethical issues surrounding espionage, drawing on a lot of recent debate, particularly around the just war tradition. After examining ethical approaches, the chapter questions who is liable for surveillance for espionage and considers when it is appropriate to take action on the basis of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I262ACZF,2025,Kevin Macnish,Routledge,,2025-10-30T12:45:53Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,The Ethics of Surveillance,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 366,Open Source Intelligence Techniques (OSINT),Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.1201/9781003008279-8/open-source-intelligence-techniques-osint-nihad-hassan-rami-hijazi,"This chapter covers Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), explaining it as the practice of collecting information from publicly available sources and highlighting its growing cybersecurity relevance. The chapter explores OSINT sources such as internet resources, traditional media, and grey literature, alongside intelligence collection disciplines like HUMINT, SIGINT, IMINT, MASINT, and OSINT itself. It clarifies OSINT gathering approaches – passive, active, and semi-passive – and discusses various OSINT users, including government agencies, corporations, ethical hackers, and threat actors. The chapter also outlines OSINT advantages, techniques involving search engines and social media intelligence, and proposes a general OSINT methodology with its associated challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2YTYZ5LJ,2025,"Nihad A. Hassan, Rami Hijazi",Chapman and Hall/CRC,,2025-10-30T12:44:27Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,Cybersecurity,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 367,"Implementing Australia’s Comprehensive Review of the Legal Framework of the National Intelligence Community : A need for future review, reform and improvement of implementation and enactment processes?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2025.2568249,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JR8G5P9I,2025-20-27,Greg Carne,Routledge,King's Law Journal,2025-10-30T12:04:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1080/09615768.2025.2568249,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415570287,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 368,"Transhumanism, AI, counterintelligence and espionage: challenges for future strategic communication",Book chapter,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IVRXY4Z9,2025,Shannon A. Bowen,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-10-30T11:51:43Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,Handbook of Innovations in Strategic Communication,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 369,KGB defector Anatoliy Golitsyn and the letter that shattered French intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2574292,"While KGB defector Anatoliy Golitsyn’s intelligence proved valuable in understanding Soviet tactics and unmasking spies, his allegations about French government infiltration had unintended, counterproductive consequences—a topic little explored in English-speaking literature. The article argues that President Kennedy’s poorly received letter to de Gaulle, relaying Golitsyn’s accusations, intensified Franco-American tensions. This contributed to France’s withdrawal from NATO’s military command and a divergence in foreign policy. Additionally, the “Sapphire” spy ring allegation within the French intelligence service, SDECE, diverted resources and fostered internal suspicion, contributing to the agency’s dissolution. The study concludes that attributing the exposure of two NATO officials solely to Golitsyn is an oversimplification that overlooks crucial contributions from French, American, and Canadian intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VJKPXLJ4,2025-10-27,William T. Murphy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-10-30T11:49:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2574292,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415599667,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 370,Huguenot Networks: Truth and Secrecy in Sixteenth-Century Europe,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/huguenot-networks/AAD2AF8BACF27B127734B351740A9226,"How did Huguenots stay connected in the 16th-century? And how did they maintain clandestine religious and political networks across Europe? Beginning with the chance discovery of an intriguing interrogation document smuggled from France to England in a basket of cheese, this study explores the importance of truth and secrecy within Huguenot information networks. Penny Roberts provides new insights into the transnational operation of agents: fanning out from confessional conflicts in Normandy to incorporate exiles in England, scholars and diplomats in Germany, the Swiss cantons and the Netherlands, and spy networks operating between France and Scotland. Above all, this study uncovers the primary role played by Huguenot ministers in maintaining and nurturing these connections at considerable danger to themselves, mobilising secrecy in the service of truth. As a result, Huguenot Networks provides greater understanding of confessional connections within Reformation Europe, demonstrating how these networks were sustained through the efforts of those whose contribution often remains hidden.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KRYV7JVM,2025-12-01,Penny Roberts,Cambridge University Press,,2025-10-30T11:41:42Z,['8XA7D88D'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 371,Politics of European Intelligence: Anglo- EU Space for Anti-Terror Cooperation,Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/205427,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KDCUV6LK,2025-09-10,Matthias I. Portelli,,,2025-10-28T11:39:50Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Master's Thesis,Charles University,,,,,,,,, 372,US Space Systems & Threats from Foreign Intelligence Entities,Thesis,https://www.proquest.com/docview/3261944295/abstract/F264DA4D50874A8CPQ/1,"Advancements that allow access to the final frontier have paved the path for numerous capabilities to enhance the way of life on Earth. Still, increased access to space has also brought with it increased vulnerability. The U.S. government and space industry have recognized a greater need to protect space resources from various threats. In August of 2023, the National Counterintelligence and Security Center warned the U.S. space sector of threats from foreign intelligence organizations. The U.S. government, along with U.S. industry partners, is taking steps to combat the threat, but academic literature on this topic is limited. The past examination s attacks against space systems focused only on cyber incidents, limiting the examination of the threats to space systems from a cybersecurity nexus. The literature that explores the many threats of space systems provides a macro examination of the large swath of threats and does not focus on specific vulnerability examinations of the U.S. government and the U.S. space industry from foreign intelligence entities (FIE). Using space power theory as a theoretical lens, this work examines the efforts to combat threats from FIEs against U.S. space systems. Data was collected by examining U.S. government websites for legislation, policies, reports, press releases, Center for Development of Security Excellence case studies, and the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) Targeting U.S. Technology (TUT) assessments, publicly available information on foreign intelligence entities' collection efforts against the U.S. and through semi-structured interviews of U.S. government and U.S. space industry personnel. Five primary threat categories were exposed, including threats to U.S. space systems, adversaries posing a threat to U.S. space systems, and organizations targeted by FIEs. U.S. space system technologies and components, and the techniques used by FIEs to target U.S. space systems. An examination of six U.S. space policies revealed that the U.S. government and U.S. industry partners are taking steps to combat threats from FIEs; however, the critical limitations of these efforts result in nine policy recommendations for enhancing the protection of the U.S. space systems from FIEs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J79RYUFN,2025,Autumn Krill,,,2025-10-28T11:38:33Z,['TEMXY72R'],,,PhD Thesis,American Public University System,,,,,,,,, 373,The Emergence of Cognitive Intelligence (COGINT) as a New Military Intelligence Collection Discipline,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571497,"While warfare has always had a cognitive dimension, the exponential expansion of digital information combined with the deliberate targeting and exploitation of adversary perceptual and cognitive-process vulnerabilities now enables precision shaping, disruption, and dominance of decision-making processes at scale. Cognitive Intelligence (COGINT)—the systematic mapping, safeguarding, and operational exploitation of decision-making architectures in contemporary cognitive battlespace—emerges as the next evolution in intelligence collection disciplines, focused on understanding, protecting, and strategically leveraging human cognition in modern conflict. Existing intelligence disciplines, though effective in their respective domains, lack the capabilities to operate decisively in the cognitive battlespace, creating a critical gap in Fifth-Generation Warfare (5 GW) force projection, influence, and strategic finality capabilities. The convergence of personal technology proliferation, advanced data analytics, and behavioral science integration now enables the precision mapping of human conative processes and volitional mechanisms at both individual and population levels. This technological convergence forms the basis for capabilities previously beyond reach. Implementing COGINT demands solutions to acute technical, legal, and ethical challenges, including the protection of civilian decision autonomy, development of specialized expertise, and integration across joint command structures. COGINT integration into the intelligence architecture closes a critical capability gap and serves as a decisive enabler for supremacy in the nascent sixth warfighting domain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DKSXF3YG,2025-10-24,"Jorge Conde, Andrew Whiskeyman",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-10-28T11:37:50Z,['TEMXY72R'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2571497,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415516500,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571497, 374,Modeling the Case of Cyber Espionage for Executive Game Simulations,Conference paper,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97115-0_5,"We model the use-case of cyber espionage for the purpose of game simulations for training executives that lack technical proficiency preparing for the implementation of the NIS2 directive in EU member states. In the first part of the paper, we lay out the common practices of classifying cyber attacks and cyber defense measures suggested by a strong body of literature in the field of cyber security. We formally validate the requirements of a use-case for game simulations and argue for cyber espionage being a purposeful use-case for executive training. In the second part, we explain our two models that demonstrate the functionality, behavior and activity sequence of our proposed executive game simulation for the use-case of cyber espionage. Finally, we discuss avenues for game development and testing.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MBVL2JIS,2025-08-02,"Jennifer-Marieclaire Sturlese, Ronald Hochreiter, Walter Seböck, Thomas J. Lampoltshammer, Julie Dugdale, Ingeborg Zeller",Springer Nature Switzerland,,2025-08-13T20:21:03Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1007/978-3-031-97115-0_5,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412817944,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4412817944,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,,0.0 375,Beijing’s Honeypot Strategy: How China Adopts Russian Espionage Tactics in the United States - Robert Lansing Institute,Blog post,https://lansinginstitute.org/2025/10/24/beijings-honeypot-strategy-how-china-adopts-russian-espionage-tactics-in-the-united-states/,"China, in the process of expanding its HUMINT (human intelligence) assets, is increasingly adopting Russian forms and methods of espionage. Recently, there",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KZYLSYZR,2025-10-24T15:54:49+00:00,Robert Lansing Institute,,,2025-10-26T19:53:46Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 376,Norwegian Intelligence,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198888581.013.0040,"This chapter addresses the role and evolution of the Norwegian Intelligence Service (NIS) in supporting and shaping Norwegian foreign, security, and defence policy since its post-Second World War inception. It describes how Norway’s geostrategic location has conditioned the role and organization of the NIS and fostered close intelligence collaboration with key partners. These collaborative relations have, in turn, impacted Norway’s relationships with its key allies as well as its role within the North Atlantic Treaty Alliance—both during and after the Cold War. The chapter depicts an intelligence organization that has evolved from being largely a technical collection service orientated towards the strategic warning of Norway and its allies of Soviet military preparations or attack to becoming a truly national foreign intelligence service, underpinning a broader range of Norwegian foreign policy priorities and international relations, evolving to counter modern threats in a deteriorating security environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XYD3IHWZ,2025-10-21,"Kristin Ven Bruusgaard, Stig Stenslie",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-26T16:11:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198888581.013.0040,The Oxford Handbook of Norwegian Politics,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415442536,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 377,The Role of Intelligence in Countering Violent Extremism,Book,https://www.igi-global.com/book/role-intelligence-countering-violent-extremism/www.igi-global.com/book/role-intelligence-countering-violent-extremism/335937,"Countering violent extremism is vital to ensuring national and global security, requiring a strategic blend of intelligence gathering, policy development, and law enforcement action. As extremist threats evolve, the intelligence and security sectors must continually adapt, employing scientific methods and data-driven tools to detect and disrupt potential risks. Education plays a pivotal role by equipping professionals with the knowledge and ethical framework needed to respond to complex security challenges. A proactive, interdisciplinary approach strengthens society’s ability to prevent radicalization, protect communities, and promote resilience against violence and ideological extremism. The Role of Intelligence in Countering Violent Extremism explores how intelligence agencies have analyzed information and used various sources to help identify violent attacks. It discusses the role of intelligence in countering/preventing violent extremism in the world. Covering topics such as artificial intelligence, cybersecurity threats, and security preparedness, this book is an excellent resource for security experts, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and more.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FSAXMRGP,2025-10-01,"Eugene de Silva, Sinduja Umandi W. Jayaratne",IGI Global Scientific Publishing,,2025-10-26T16:09:51Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 378,"The Firm, the Bank, and the Family: Military Intelligence and the Wallenbergs in Sweden’s Cold War",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/enterprise-and-society/article/firm-the-bank-and-the-family-military-intelligence-and-the-wallenbergs-in-swedens-cold-war/9C2EABB38292FB04D6D6DD788E42D753,"This article analyzes the Wallenberg family’s central role within Sweden’s neutrality-industrial complex (NIC) during the Cold War, highlighting their secret collaboration with the military intelligence service. Drawing on archival evidence from the Swedish War Archives and the family bank SEB, the study shows how the family’s uniquely dominant position in industry, banking, and national defense made them a close partner to the intelligence community. By applying the Resource Mobilization Model from the literature on military-industrial complexes, the article further argues that Sweden’s NIC mainly developed as a corporatist response to perceived Soviet threats, requiring close coordination between state, military, and business elites. The Wallenbergs’ cooperation with the military and economic intelligence services—specifically through their control of SEB and large Swedish exporting firms—had both business and nonbusiness-related reasons, including nationalism and elite consensus on total defense. This study adds to the sparse literature in business history on the relationship between the business and intelligence communities and demonstrates how elite business families can use access to senior decision makers and classified information in the service of both national security and to advance their own strategic positioning.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2DASGBSU,2025-10-23,Rikard Westerberg,,Enterprise & Society,2025-10-26T16:07:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1017/eso.2025.10100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415464468,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4415464468,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/9C2EABB38292FB04D6D6DD788E42D753/S1467222725101006a.pdf/div-class-title-the-firm-the-bank-and-the-family-military-intelligence-and-the-wallenbergs-in-sweden-s-cold-war-div.pdf,0.0 379,Ethos and Espionage in Jaworski’s Erving Goffman and the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-025-09670-6,Jaworski’s Erving Goffman and the Cold War offers a fresh approach to Goffman studies via its examination of Goffman’s work as a unique response to the “ethos” of the American Cold War. This paper charts the genealogy of Jaworski’s approach by examining its roots—from Romanticism to phenomenology and on to Goffman’s frame analysis—of “ethos” as an intellectual strategy in the sociology of knowledge; and it explores the book’s examination of spies and espionage as a key theme in Goffman’s work.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EMMVNJ5I,2025-10-23,James J. Chriss,,The American Sociologist,2025-10-26T16:07:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1007/s12108-025-09670-6,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415477658,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12108-025-09670-6.pdf, 380,"The Radical War of 1820: Police Spies, Government Spies, and Willing Informers",Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/radical-war-of-1820-9781350513235/,"This book is a detailed account of the Radical War in 1820s Scotland, highlighting the conditions that led to the revolt, the reaction of the government, and the impact on Scottish society. David Smale takes readers through the post-1815 mass unemployment, disaffection, and formation of radical groups calling for parliamentary reform, as a prelude to the Radical War. Using a wealth of archival material, this book readjusts existing narratives surrounding the conflict, shifting the focus away from the accounts of paid spies, and centering the little used records of the pioneering 'new police' force. Smale examines how police activities impacted the revolt, from the contrasting aims of pro-reformer and pro-government publications released during the time, to the activities of five 'spy groups' who entered the radical milieu and provided authorities with intelligence on their activities. Concluding with the key events of the revolt, including the Battle of Bonnymuir, and exploring the its after effects, such as the Lord Advocate's conflict with police – this volume provides comprehensive analysis of the Radical War, and places it within a pan-British context.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2N9R5UH,2025-06-12,David M. Smale,Bloomsbury,,2025-10-26T16:05:52Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 381,"History, archeology, and espionage as improvised legibility",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661251379635,"How do states develop the capacity to understand new geographic domains and issue areas? This article introduces a theory of “improvised legibility” to explain how states make sense of the new and unfamiliar, extending James Scott’s concept of legibility to include clandestine intelligence collection of foreign areas. Improvised legibility occurs in two phases: first, improvised connections, involving ad hoc relationships with non-state experts, and second, improvised institutionalization, through experimental organizations fitted to the new domains. We emphasize the role played by emerging epistemic communities of professional experts in these new areas, which states leverage as “off-the-shelf” experts. This theory is illustrated by British efforts to make legible the Middle East from the 1840s to World War I, particularly highlighting the part played by the emerging field of archeology in British intelligence. Archeology gained prominence in the 19th century amid European status competition, producing experts with local knowledge, technical skills, and scientific cover. Britain’s use of improvised legibility is shown through the development of ad hoc relationships with archeologists (improvised connections) and the later creation of the Arab Bureau in World War I (improvised institutionalization). In the process, we underscore the role that key archeologists played in British intelligence, including figures such as Austen Henry Layard, the Palestine Exploration Fund, D.G. Hogarth, Gertrude Bell, and T.E. Lawrence. This article denaturalizes the modern surveillance state and shows how experts like archeologists contributed to the emergence of the modern intelligence state, contributing to literatures on state formation and epistemic communities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2SIZCI76,2025-10-21,"Austin Carson, Adam Saxton",SAGE Publications Ltd,European Journal of International Relations,2025-10-25T08:20:13Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1177/13540661251379635,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415403580,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 382,The Paradigm Shifts in Intelligence: From 1800 to Present,Journal article,https://acdis.illinois.edu/sites/default/files/2025-05/Volume%205.pdf#page=60,"This article reviews the evolution of intelligence gathering methods from the late 1800’s to the Cold War. While the changes in these methods can be directly connected to the development of improved technology and changing ideology, the concerns and arguments around these methods have remained the same. The progress of time blurred the lines between foreign and domestic actions. At the same time, perceived threats to nations moved from external to internal as information and communicating became easier to access. Through the years, the field of intelligence has gotten more complex as ideology, institutions, and technology have become increasingly interconnected and diverse.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q3CMULC6,2019-03-01,Madison K. Johnston,,Illini Journal of International Security,2025-05-29T19:35:09Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 383,F.F. von Berg and Russian military intelligence in the second quarter of the 19th century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.31857/S2949124X25030114,"In both domestic and foreign historiography, the evolution of intelligence institutions of the Russian Empire after the end of the Napoleonic Wars and before the beginning of the military reforms of Alexander II remains extremely poorly studied. This article analyzes the development of Russian military intelligence in the above-mentioned period in the context of the activities of F.F. von Berg (1793 - 1874), a prominent statesman of the 1st - early 2nd half of the 19th century. Based on the study of a wide range of archival documents, it was concluded that Berg's ideas for improving the mechanisms for collecting intelligence were progressive in nature, but were not implemented in a timely and full manner on the eve of the Crimean War for a number of reasons, although they could have provided Russia with a strategic advantage over the enemy in the upcoming conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7FUSAYX8,2025-10-22,"A. V. Senin, Сенин А. В",,Rossijskaâ istoriâ,2025-10-25T08:17:03Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.31857/S2949124X25030114,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 384,Smart new world: adapting human intelligence for the digital age,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565946,"This article considers the impact of digital advances on clandestine Human Intelligence (HUMINT) operations. Despite the arrival and advancement of disruptive technologies, classical HUMINT tradecraft – personal secret interaction between case officer and agent – remains indispensable for revealing adversaries’ intentions and providing decision advantage for statecraft. The authors argue that while emerging digital technologies present both new opportunities and challenges, they do not obviate the need for classical HUMINT. Instead, a fusion of traditional HUMINT tradecraft and emerging digital technologies is essential. HUMINT must – and will – adapt to remain relevant in an increasingly digitized world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TBKA8IIR,2025-10-21,"David V. Gioe, Tony Manganello",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-25T08:16:18Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2565946,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415415510,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565946, 385,Intelligence is Left-Handed,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571875,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KBE62YNW,2025-10-21,Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-10-25T08:15:34Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2571875,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415396304,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 386,Open source intelligence: newspapers and the Ottoman Intelligence Department in the First World War,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00263206.2025.2571121,"The role of newspapers in the Ottoman Empire was pivotal in shaping public opinion and disseminating state policies. Particularly during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the evolution of the press emerged as a critical factor in the political and social metamorphosis within the Ottoman context. Newspapers transcended their traditional function of merely reporting news; they also became instrumental in education, propaganda and the establishment of ideological frameworks. Newspapers also served as open-source intelligence for intelligence organisations. The Ottoman Empire’s intelligence department (The Second Branch of the General Staff) used information from various newspapers and translated and disseminated them to decision makers. They were also under the control of this branch for possible information leakage. Therefore, the impact of censorship and regulatory oversight significantly shaped the operational landscape of the press. This article is a descriptive one that will try to identify the role of the Intelligence Department and the press.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W439USTL,2025-10-21,"Berat Akıncı, Somer Alp Şimşeker",Routledge,Middle Eastern Studies,2025-10-24T07:55:21Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1080/00263206.2025.2571121,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415377419,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 387,Intelligence Gathering: A New Obstacle for Constitutional Law,Journal article,https://scholarship.shu.edu/pa/vol23/iss1/2,"Intelligence gathering has always been a vital part of the United States’ success in its battles against foreign states and non-state actors. From spy networks during the Revolutionary War to tapping cell phones and using satellite imagery, advances in intelligence often lead to debates about the constitutionality and legality of these practices. Using several historical instances, laws, and committees, there is an argument to be made about the limitation on intelligence gathering and congressional oversight. This paper addresses these concerns, along with the general relationship between legislative intelligence gathering, the intelligence community, and Constitutional Law.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3WVYKGY5,2025-10-17,Joseph Brennan,,Political Analysis,2025-10-24T07:57:57Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.70531/2474-2295.1069,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415338391,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1069&context=pa, 388,Invisible bodies of war: British servicewomen on covert operations in Northern Ireland,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565939,"Women were employed to operate covertly with British security forces and paramilitary organisations during the Troubles in Northern Ireland (1968–1998). However, the experiences and legacies of British servicewomen on conventional and covert operations during the Troubles are notably under-researched, even in comparison to recent scholarship on women in paramilitary organisations. This paper explores the politics of visibility on military ‘front lines’ through the construction of women covert operators as invisible bodies of war, considering how this informs understandings of gender dynamics and the construction of (gendered) knowledges about war. The article makes both an empirical and theoretical contribution. Empirically, it gives voice to several former women operators based on in-depth qualitative interviews detailing the experiences of a group of service personnel who have been largely marginalised from the dominant (British Army) telling of the Troubles. Theoretically, it uses this empirical evidence to elucidate the concept of the ‘negotiated gender order’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UAVUH9DD,2025-10-17,Hannah West,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-21T09:33:32Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'V7KUA58M']",10.1080/02684527.2025.2565939,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415324996,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565939, 389,Cultural Heritage Intelligence and Human Security: Exercise HORIZON STRIKE,Book chapter,https://archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/Products/9781805830382,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5G532RTX,2025,Mark Dunkley,Archaeopress Archaeology,,2025-10-21T09:32:05Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.32028/9781805830382,Reporting Heritage Destruction,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414994971,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4414994971,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://www.archaeopress.com/Archaeopress/download/9781805830382,1.0 390,A country with “its own special problems”: domestic surveillance in Scotland during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2573607,"In the early years of the Second World War, rising workplace discontent, perceived communist influence, and war weariness sparked a suite of investigations into civilian mood and behaviour in the volatile west of Scotland. This article examines three ways the general domestic population was monitored in Scotland’s industrial heartland: by the police, via a state-private partnership, and by a special interest group. In doing so, this article hopes to reshape knowledge of the domestic intelligence sphere in wartime Britain, and illuminate the extent to which Allied societies were subject to counter-measures to undermine perceived ‘subversive’ activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EHMZ4S2B,2025-10-17,Michelle Walker,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-21T09:30:38Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2025.2573607,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415325005,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 391,The Reform of FBI Intelligence Operations,Book,https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691637822/the-reform-of-fbi-intelligence-operations,"Acts of terrorist violence and foreign espionage may pose a serious threat to the security of the United States; yet recent disclosures demonstrate the great risk in giving an agency such as the FBI unlimited authority for gathering intelligence about terrorists and spies. Taking into account the findings and recommendations of the post-Watergate inquiries into FBI operations, John Elliff analyzes the legal and policy questions posed by a “security police” in a nation committed to constitutional government and the rule of law. The author draws on his experience both as principal consultant for the Police Foundation’s research on FBI intelligence operations and as head of the Church committee’s congressional staff task force on domestic intelligence. He examines the changes made in the structure and policy framework for FBI intelligence operations, including issues not fully resolved by reorganization and new guidelines. He also covers the standards and procedures for dealing with misconduct by FBI personnel. Dr. Elliff concludes that the present restrictions on FBI activities are necessary and that close supervision and control by the Attorney General will allow the Bureau to operate effectively without depriving law-abiding persons of their privacy or their freedom.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UJERDLLH,1979,John T. Elliff,Princeton University Press,,2025-10-21T09:11:22Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 392,The Politicization of Intelligence Weakens the United States,Blog post,https://www.counterpunch.org/2025/09/09/the-politicization-of-intelligence-weakens-the-united-states/,"The politicization of intelligence is nothing new, but Donald Trump is finding new ways to pursue it. The United States has gone to war with phony intelligence on major occasions, including the Mexican-America War, the Spanish-American War, the Vietnam War, and the Iraq War. Too many directors of the Central Intelligence Agency have been directly involved in politicizing intelligence, including Richard Helms, James Schlesinger, William Casey, Robert Gates, David Petraeus, Mike Pompeo, George Tenet, John Brennan, and the current director John Ratcliffe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZMZ7QBLX,2025-09-09T06:07:54+00:00,Melvin Goodman,,,2025-10-21T09:09:41Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 393,Dutch intelligence services now share less information with US,Blog post,https://www.dutchnews.nl/2025/10/dutch-intelligence-services-now-share-less-information-with-us/,"The Dutch intelligence services are sharing less information with the United States and working more closely with European partners, AIVD director Erik Akerboom and MIVD director Peter Reesink have told the Volkskrant in a joint interview. Their caution towards Washington is linked to what they describe as the increasingly autocratic course of president Donald Trump, who has dismissed senior officials for lacking loyalty and used lawsuits to pressure journalists, judges and universities. The directors said this is the first time...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XLN5XA2C,2025-10-18T13:32:53+00:00,Robin Pascoe,,,2025-10-20T08:07:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 394,"The Kennedy Assassination Files, India, and New Insights into Intelligence Beyond the Anglosphere",Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/the-kennedy-assassination-files-india-and-new-insights-into-intelligence-beyond-the-anglosphere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/84SHHVEE,2025-05-12,Paul M. McGarr,,,2025-10-17T14:09:37Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 395,From Langley to Tokyo: The JFK Assassination Files and Communist Covert Operations in Cold War Japan,Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/from-langley-to-tokyo-the-jfk-assassination-files-and-communist-covert-operations-in-cold-war-japan,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BXBKWM67,2025-07-21,Satoshi Yoda,,,2025-10-17T14:07:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 396,How Mercyhurst’s CIRAT does OSINT – and why,Journal article,,"Mercyhurst University’s Intelligence Studies program, the oldest intelligence studies program in academia, was founded in 1992. In 1997, Mercyhurst’s Intelligence Studies program established its awardwinning Center for Intelligence, Research, Analysis, and Training (CIRAT), which to this day remains the flagship program for conducting open-source intelligence (OSINT). For a generation, CIRAT has successfully performed OSINT projects for a wide range of government, law enforcement, and private sector clients. Due to the impact of multiple Information Age technologies and trends since the end of the Cold War, open-source intelligence collection, or OSINT, has transformed and proliferated to such an extent that some practitioners now refer to it as second-generation OSINT. The purpose of this study was to employ qualitative research methodologies to analyse CIRAT procedures and performance to better comprehend the reasons for CIRAT’s continued success. We found that CIRAT OSINT projects were successful because student OSINT researchers have been consistently and systematically trained in OSINT principles, procedures, and methodologies and adequately supervised by experienced principal investigators and OSINT subject matter experts. Through participation in CIRAT, students learn through training and experience how OSINT should be properly conducted, what technological tools and tradecraft are necessary to enable its success while mitigating its risks, and how OSINT can be conducted professionally, ethically, and legally. The implications of our findings are that today’s second-generation OSINT practitioners benefit considerably from having both the educational foundation and experiential, tacit learning necessary to not only perform OSINT efficiently and effectively, but also safely and ethically.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JUSQR77M,2025,"Fred Hoffman, Brian Fuller",,Issues in Information Systems,2025-10-18T21:06:34Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.48009/3_iis_2025_2025_106,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414196180,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.48009/3_iis_2025_2025_106, 397,"Empires of Spymasters The Secret War Between the British Empire and Imperial Japan, 1900–1941",Book,https://www.amberley-books.com/current-month/empires-of-spymasters.html,"‘The Empire is the Master [in the Far East] and they are the guests,’ Yamagata Aritomo, the chief imperial strategist in Tokyo, once remarked. From the early 1900s, Imperial Japan aimed for hegemony in the Far East. During this time, resourceful and independent-minded Japanese spymasters focused on acquiring intelligence of advanced naval and aviation technology. In London, the War Office and the Foreign Office opted for an alliance treaty with Japan. Nonetheless strategists soon realised that Tokyo was antagonizing Britain in the Far East. The British Empire was deemed weak and overextended. Officials believed that avoiding confrontation with Japan was the only choice, and so Britain condoned Japanese aggression in China. Indeed, pro-Japanese bias influenced official policy at the highest levels. Only the spymasters of the Secret Intelligence Service, the Admiralty and the Security Service, recruiting spies across the Far East, were able to reveal Japan’s hostile intent towards the British Empire. In Empires of Spymasters, Panagiotis Dimitrakis tells us how they did it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M5LCLHT8,2025-10-15,Panagiotis Dimitrakis,Amberley Publishing,,2025-10-18T21:04:45Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 398,Adapting AI for Warning,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571503,"Artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to revolutionize intelligence production. The partnering of AI and human analysts will be critical for continued production of actionable intelligence in an age of rapid acceleration and expanding threat domains, putting AI development in the forefront of efforts to meet emerging challenges. Strategic warning, however, is different from other analytic production efforts. Warning requires inference of intent and meaning from a given set of observables in order to effectively predict near- and mid-term actions by adversaries. The forward-looking demands inherent in strategic warning argue for an approach to AI adoption that is different from that envisioned for analytic augmentation. This article outlines a linked, semi-autonomous, and scalable system of applications that could address the unique cross-domain demands of strategic warning. It is one possible way AI might be developed and incorporated to meet the expanding and evolving needs of warning.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SGHX9V4H,2025-10-14,Daniel S. Gressang IV,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-10-18T21:02:00Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2571503,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415152736,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 399,Why Strategic Intelligence Analysis is Against and Beyond Human Cognitive Abilities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2571879,"Similarities between recent strategic intelligence analysis failures and “historic” ones suggest that problems stem not from organizational, processual, or technological issues, all of which have improved over the last decades, but from an unchanging factor—human cognition. There are three interwoven reasons. First, strategic intelligence analysis requires the suppression of human cognitive traits developed during human evolution, such as conformity and heuristics, which lead to biases. Second, it lies outside the “performance envelope” of human cognition because, until historical times, there was no demand or selection process for the cognitive abilities required for this task. Third, memory and computation technologies, which augment human cognition, offer limited benefits in strategic intelligence analysis. Several avenues for addressing this reality are presented.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/93XHUD84,2025-10-14,Meir Finkel,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-10-18T21:01:40Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2571879,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415152493,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 400,OSINT in the Techno-Political Era: From Intelligence Collection to Exerting Influence,Book chapter,https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/osint-in-the-techno-political-era/www.igi-global.com/chapter/osint-in-the-techno-political-era/391729,"This study investigates the impact of technological developments on the processes and effectiveness of open-source intelligence (OSINT) in the techno-political era. The research question guiding this study is: “How have advanced technological developments influenced OSINT processes and its overall effectiveness?”. The core hypothesis posits that the expansion of collection capabilities through technological advancements has significantly increased OSINT's efficiency as a collection method, however, these advancements have also transformed OSINT from a collection mechanism into an instrument of influence within the intelligence theory. As a result, OSINT today is not only a discipline of collection but has also become means of shaping narratives, perceptions, and strategic influence from an intersubjective perspective. To empirically validate this hypothesis, the study adopts a qualitative research design and conducts a case study analysis of the Russian Federation's (RF) OSINT activities during the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FUBUYQR4,2026-10-01,"Murat Tınas, Doğukan Tuncal",IGI Global Scientific Publishing,,2025-10-18T20:59:38Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.4018/979-8-3373-7406-2.ch003,"Security, Law, and Influence in the Age of Techno-Politics",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415010767,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 401,The Spy and the Devil: The untold story of the MI6 agent who penetrated Hitler’s inner circle,Book,https://www.bonnierbooks.co.uk/books/blink-publishing/the-spy-and-the-devil/,"This is the forgotten tale of MI6's top spy in Nazi Germany and his bid to stop the Second World War. In the world of espionage, where the accounts of renowned spies often dominate the narrative, this is a rare gem - an untold story of a completely unknown spy. Baron William de Ropp, a Baltic German aristocrat, wasn't just any ordinary spy; he was MI6's top-secret agent in Nazi Germany from 1931 to 1939, managing to escape Berlin just before war broke out. This unsung hero had direct access to Adolf Hitler and an inside track on the Nazi regime. His reports, shrouded in secrecy, had the power to shape British policy toward Germany in a pivotal period of history. The Spy and the Devil is a riveting tale of espionage, intrigue, and the untold impact of one man's secret mission on the course of history. A journey into the shadows of Nazi Germany, where a forgotten British spy worked tirelessly to avert catastrophe, and discover the secrets that history almost left behind.Although aspects of de Ropp's activities appear in other books, notably the authorised history of MI6, his story has never been published in full before, adding an extra dimension to what is, by any standard, the account of a very remarkable man. Drawing on his years of service in the Foreign Office, Tim Willasey-Wilsey offers an insider's view of this enigmatic British spy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VRRAVR3B,2025,Tim Willasey-Wilsey,Blink Publishing,,2025-05-08T15:18:01Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 402,Canadian Intelligence at a Crossroads 2023-2025 (Part I),Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/canadas-year-of-intelligence-2023-part-1,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y43S353Z,2025-06-16,Kevin A. O'Brien,,,2025-10-17T14:09:08Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 403,Canadian Intelligence at a Crossroads 2023-2025 (Part II),Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/canadas-year-of-intelligence-2023-part-2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2TWHJD53,2025-06-23,Kevin A. O'Brien,,,2025-10-17T14:08:41Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 404,Born to Warn: Learning from Intelligence Successes and Failures,Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/born-to-warn,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FITNR3IS,2025-09-19,"Bjørn E.M. Grønning, Stig Stenslie",,,2025-10-17T14:06:44Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 405,The Changing Face of the Academic Study of Intelligence in the UK,Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/the-changing-face-of-the-academic-study-of-intelligence-in-the-uk,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NCQLSXF5,2025-10-17,Michael S. Goodman,,,2025-10-17T14:05:58Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 406,Strategies for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies and Their Application in Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence Operations (The Experiences of the United States and China),Book chapter,https://www.routledge.com/Emerging-Perspectives-and-Applications-of-Computational-Intelligence-and-Smart-Systems/Lathigara-Bhatt-Tanna/p/book/9781041209652,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2J9JJSCX,2025-12-23,"David Kukhalashvili, Dimitri Kobiashvili, Bakari Grdzelishvili",Routledge,,2025-10-16T13:19:33Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,Emerging Perspectives and Applications of Computational Intelligence and Smart Systems,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 407,Transferring the Battlefield to the Boardroom: How Military Intelligence Skills Can and Should Be Taught in Other Professions,Blog post,https://www.sterlinginsightgroup.ca/blog-1-1/yi7rzoqz57jp3a5r8p7xztp62y8wmr,"Introduction In today’s fast-paced and unpredictable global environment, professionals across industries face increasing uncertainty, complexity, and demands for swift, informed decisions. The analytical precision and strategic discipline of military intelligence offer a powerful framework to addr",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZNC7XCE,2025-06-30,Sterling Insight Group,,,2025-10-16T13:17:53Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 408,Shielding Against Social Engineering Threats: A Counterintelligence Approach,Journal article,https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/bulletin/article/view/2235,"In an increasingly networked global context, commercial counterintelligence units and competitive intelligence experts must deal with sophisticated social engineering threats that exploit human psychology rather than technological shortcomings. This article highlights the importance of counterintelligence training and robust security measures while analyzing the psychological manipulation tactics employed by adversaries to lower these risks. The article examines social engineering strategies such as scarcity, authority, reciprocity, fear, and trust qualitatively to emphasize the significance of behavioral defenses and organizational awareness. The methodology, which evaluates institutional responses and psychological exploitation strategies, incorporates a review of the literature and expert comments. The paper’s conclusion recommends a multi-layered approach that incorporates organizational cultural reforms, technical defenses, and psychological awareness to safeguard sensitive data from insider threats and social engineering.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VWYQRX6T,2025-10-07,Anastasios-Nikolaos Kanellopoulos,,"BULLETIN OF ""CAROL I"" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY",2025-10-14T13:18:51Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.53477/2284-9378-25-46,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414926263,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/bulletin/article/download/2235/2178, 409,Operation Desert Storm: How Two Young Intelligence Analysts and an Infantry Battalion Changed the War in Iraq,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Operation-Desert-Storm-Hardback/p/53310,"“During Desert Storm the Air Force and the Armor forces were the thunder but the 101st was the lightning.” General Norman Schwarzkopf, April, 1991. Camp Eagle II, Saudi Arabia Operation Desert Storm chronicles perhaps the most incredible story of the Gulf War that has never been told. It describes two young soldiers from the intelligence section of 1-327 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division, Captain Jose Delgado and Sergeant Jesus Gonzalez, who unlocked an intelligence puzzle none of their higher headquarters recognized. This pivotal discovery occurred after the finalization of the 101st Airborne’s plans for attacking into Iraq and altered the direction of Desert Storm. 1-327 Infantry was also the lead unit of what became the largest air assault (by helicopter) in US history. The 101st Airborne was a unique army division because of the 300+ helicopters in its arsenal. General Schwarzkopf's ""Hail Mary"" plan, to use the 101st to air assault deep into Iraq and cut the Euphrates Valley, was the boldest operational maneuver for the US Military since the Inchon landing in Korea in 1950. Schwarzkopf's plan stretched the division’s capabilities to their limits and demonstrated the 101st Airborne’s strengths and weaknesses. CPT Jose Delgado and SGT Jesus Gonzalez discovered the fatal intelligence flaw, an enemy battalion’s bunker-trench complex in 1-327 Infantry’s lead company's landing zone. Their discovery, 48 hours before the air assault, caused the division's plan to be altered, although it was a significant challenge to do so. Without their discovery, the attack was destined for disaster. In writing the book, Colonel Frank Hancock, Battalion Commander of 1-327 Infantry, asked soldiers from across the battalion to provide narratives and their recollections of what happened, thereby providing a full view of what occurred and why, from the perspective of soldiers ranging in rank from private to colonel. The book also details the process of how the US Army learned from its experiences in Vietnam, made changes, and became a different, structured, and more lethal army in the post-Vietnam era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2G4AWRW,2025-09-02,Frank Hancock,Pen and Sword,,2025-10-14T13:17:27Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 410,Spying in the digital era. An interview with David Omand and John Taylor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565947,"This article is the edited transcript of a conversation held between Michael Goodman, David Omand and John Taylor. It brings together an academic view with those of two collectors of intelligence. The focus is on spying and how it has changed from the Cold War era when Omand and Taylor joined Her Majesty’s Government, to the modern, digital and connected nature of the 21st century. It highlights five areas of continuity and change: that the future is both different and not dissimilar to the past; the importance of community and jointery within government; that intelligence today is as much about offensive operations as it is defensive ones; that technology should not be feared but embraced; and, finally, that however important and prevalent technology might become in the future, we would be foolhardy to ignore and neglect the valuable role played by people.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TYICMRAM,2025-10-11,Michael Goodman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-14T13:14:12Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2565947,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415080446,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 411,Adapting classical deception theory to cyber counterintelligence: challenges and opportunities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2568886,"This study systematically examines how Barton Whaley’s classical deception theory can be adapted for cyber counterintelligence operations through comparative case study analysis. Using a structured analytical framework, this research analyzes three major cyber deception cases to identify specific adaptation requirements for classical deception detection methodologies. The study demonstrates that Whaley’s A-B-C model and his six-mechanism framework remain strategically relevant but require three critical modifications: temporal compression adaptation, uncertainty-tolerant attribution analysis, and scale-appropriate analytical frameworks. The research offers specific operational guidance for intelligence practitioners and identifies four primary implementation challenges, along with concrete solutions. These findings contribute to the growing literature on cyber counterintelligence by bridging classical intelligence theory with contemporary operational requirements, offering theoretically grounded yet practically applicable approaches to cyber deception detection.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KUIAUWYB,2025-10-10,Esra Merve Boztosun-Çalışkan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-14T13:12:10Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2568886,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415059911,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 412,Intelligence and Strategic Communication,Book,https://www.ceeol.com/search/book-detail?id=1371719,"The use of intelligence for strategic communication (StratCom) involves the deliberate release of intelligence to shape perceptions, deter adversaries, attribute responsibility, foster cohesion, and reinforce credibility. Recent global developments - especially Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine - have accelerated this practice, highlighting the role of intelligence in StratCom. The utilisation of intelligence in government communication is not new, as demonstrated by pivotal historical disclosures. Over the last decade, communication from European and U.S. security services has become consistently more open regarding threats posed by foreign adversaries. However, the unprecedented scale of declassified strategic warning intelligence released by the U.S. and UK in the run-up to the 2022 invasion of Ukraine reflects a shifting balance, suggesting that policymakers increasingly perceive the value of using intelligence for StratCom-purposes to outweigh the potential risks attached to doing so. These benefits include deterring hostile actions by exposing adversary intentions and planning, promoting a unified understanding of threats among allies, and bolstering the credibility of government communication. Moreover, the growing open-source intelligence (OSINT) community has reshaped the information environment by producing timely, credible insights once exclusive to state agencies. The convergence between state-produced intelligence and publicly available information serves to reinforce strategic narratives while mitigating the risks of exposing sensitive information. Nevertheless, the use of intelligence in StratCom poses serious challenges. The exposure of knowledge and capabilities may present risks to sources and methods, and trigger adaptation and countermeasures among adversaries. Publicly disseminated intelligence that turns out to be inaccurate or exaggerated undercuts credibility. Disclosures can also delimit political and diplomatic options for a government, while the perceived utility of intelligence for StratCom holds inherent risks of politicisation. The value of intelligence rests on both its secrecy and its perceived accuracy. States must balance operational security against StratCom imperatives, applying a principled approach weighing the objectives and intended effects of each disclosure against short and long-term risks to the integrity of intelligence agencies, ensuring that openness serves national interests without eroding core intelligence functions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/THT7CI75,2025-06-09,Niklas Nilsson,NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence,,2025-10-12T14:42:01Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 413,Digital transformation of intelligence in Denmark. An interview with Anja Dalgaard-Nilsen,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565944,"An interview with the director of intelligence of the Danish Defence Intelligence Service, Anja Dalgaard-Nielsen. The objective of the interview was to explore elements of the strategy of a small national intelligence service outside the Anglosphere in meeting the challenges of digital transformation. Dalgaard-Nielsen identifies essential elements of the challenge in terms of major threats and opponents and increasing competition from private actors regarding technology and recruitment of the best talent. She identifies some of the main instruments for countering these challenges in terms of a broader collaboration and dialogue with academia, new and updated recruitment strategies, attractive career paths and strengthened diversity, amongst other things. The ambitions of the DDIS are to provide national customers with a decision advantage, to have a robust collaboration with the DSIS, and to have a solid ability to provide both deep-coverage analyses on long-term adversaries and emerging flashpoints.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LZ9XI4HA,2025-10-08,Tallat Rønn Shakoor,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-12T14:31:41Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2565944,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415000600,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4415000600,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,,0.0 414,The journey of digital transformation in intelligence organizations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565943,"This introduction to the special issue explores how digital technologies are reshaping intelligence organizations. It frames digital transformation not as a linear process but as a complex journey shaped by technological, organizational, and institutional factors. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives and contributions from multiple national contexts, the issue investigates how intelligence agencies handle the disruptive potential of digital tools, from big data to artificial intelligence, and navigate the tension between innovation and institutional inertia. It highlights the need for strategic adaptation, public-private collaboration, and human-machine integration while stressing the enduring importance of core intelligence principles. Through empirical analysis and critical reflection from researchers and practitioners, this issue offers a nuanced account of how intelligence services evolve amid rapid technological change.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S69F5CGD,2025-10-08,"Lars Haugom, Margunn Aanestad, Damien Van Puyvelde, Stig Stenslie",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-12T14:31:17Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2565943,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4415000505,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4415000505,2025.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4285883,0.0 415,Communicating digitally with users. Three trade-offs for intelligence organizations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565954,"Most private and public sector organizations, including intelligence services, now pursue digital transformation in one form or another. This article discusses what implications digital transformation will have for communication with intelligence users. It is argued that digital technologies offer numerous opportunities to deliver intelligence products more efficiently and improve the users experience by means of more customized products. In short, digitalization can produce products that are timelier, more targeted and tailored to the users’ needs. However, the same digital solutions involve significant challenges related to product value, IT-capabilities and security. Intelligence organizations must therefore balance the opportunities inherent in digitalization with consideration for the specific nature of intelligence activities. In short, they must balance efficiency and customization vs. product value, digital ambition vs. IT-technical capabilities, and user accessibility vs. security concerns. The article is based on available research literature and policy reports supplemented by interviews and conversations with practitioners in the Norwegian Intelligence Service and the government administration in Norway.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DLXFRIU8,2025-10-08,Lars Haugom,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-12T14:30:40Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2565954,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414974528,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 416,The Activities of Japanese Military Attachés Dispatched to Russia during the First World War,Journal article,https://scholarworks.sookmyung.ac.kr/handle/2020.sw.sookmyung/162451,"This study focuses on Japanese Army attachés dispatched to Russia during the First World War, analyzing the nature of their deployment, their intelligence-gathering activities, their assessments of Russia’s military capabilities and revolutionary movements, and how the information they collected was reflected in Japan’s postwar military policy as part of the “lessons of the Great War”. Following Japan’s entry into the war as a member of the Allied Powers in August 1914, the Japanese Army dispatched military attachés to various countries, with a particular emphasis on Russia. Among all the Allied nations, Russia received the largest contingent of Japanese attachés, many of whom held senior ranks. Russia also treated the Japanese attachés most favorably, assigning them to frontline headquarters and permitting their presence at the general headquarters. In addition to official attachés, the Japanese Army also sent personnel to Russia under the cover of diplomats and students, although their number was smaller than those sent to Britain or France. In early 1915, Japan dispatched a support unit to Russia to assist with the assembly, deployment, and instruction of heavy and mountain artillery that had been transferred to the Russian military. This unit represented Japan’s only practical combat support mission to an Allied country during the war. Initially, Japanese attachés stationed in Russia evaluated the morale, unity, and general atmosphere of the Russian military command favorably. However, as Russia’s military repeatedly faltered on the Eastern Front, their assessments became increasingly pessimistic regarding Russia’s prospects for victory. Their focus then shifted toward gathering intelligence on the German forces engaged against Russia. Following the outbreak of revolution, the attachés observed growing disorder and disintegration within the Russian military. They began to recognize the dangers of blind obedience without understanding or awareness, especially amid the spread of liberal and socialist ideologies. At the same time, they interpreted Russia’s wartime difficulties and revolutionary upheaval both as a threat to Japan and as an opportunity to modernize Japan’s military capabilities and expand its imperial interests. Some even advocated for the deployment of Japanese troops to Europe. After the October Revolution, as tensions mounted due to the Soviet-German armistice and peace negotiations conducted without Allied consent, Japanese military personnel, including attachés, began withdrawing from Russia in early 1918. Upon their return, some expressed high regard for German military operations and proposed emulating them in planning future campaigns against the Soviet Union. Others, pausing in Manchuria on their way home, began preparations for what they called another imperialist war: the Siberian Intervention.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WAEPJA3N,2025-09-01,Wan Park,Saint-Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian academy of Sciences,Petersburg Historical Journal,2025-10-12T14:29:02Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.51255/2311–603X_2025_3_122,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 417,On Uncertainty and the Limits of Intelligence,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W44S3FNV,2026-01-26,"Peter Jackson, Fraser McGowan",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-10T12:51:40Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 418,"The Five Eyes Intelligence Alliance: History, Evolution, and Prospects",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/75RWFHUG,2026-01-26,Patrick F. Walsh,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-10T12:50:58Z,['T92JK7A5'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 419,The Foreign Intelligence Purposes of the Venceremos Brigade,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-98087-9_8,"This chapter explores the Venceremos Brigade (VB) as both a public solidarity movement with Cuba and a covert instrument of Cuban intelligence and paramilitary objectives. While most brigadistas joined out of ideological support, solidarity, or curiosity, declassified documents reveal that the Cuban government used the program to collect intelligence, train ideological and paramilitary cadres, and disseminate propaganda. The chapter traces the Brigade’s origins, showing a blend of New Left initiative and Cuban oversight, with Fidel Castro and Cuban officials guiding recruitment, organization, and political activities. Economically, brigadistas contributed little beyond symbolic labor, but politically and strategically, they were leveraged for intelligence collection, guerrilla training, and preparation of potential operatives abroad. Some members received instruction in espionage, military tactics, and explosives, sometimes in collaboration with other socialist countries. Though the VB did not present an immediate large-scale threat, its activities illustrate the complex interplay of ideological commitment, propaganda, and clandestine operations in Cold War transnational activism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UCXYJFLS,2025-10-01,Jason Ross Arnold,Springer Nature Switzerland,,2025-10-10T12:48:45Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1007/978-3-031-98087-9_8,"Uncertain Threats: The FBI, the New Left, and Cold War Intelligence",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7084495098,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 420,"‘Entangled Agents’: Women, Espionage and Empire from 1920 to 1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/09715215251351228,"The outbreak of the Second World War saw a wider recruitment of women for various roles in intelligence, counter-intelligence and espionage. There had already been an active policy of their recruitment by spy agencies in Britain, continental Europe and the United States, not just for desk work and signals intelligence but for active field duty as well. Agencies and organisations inimical to Western interests, such as the Naródnyy komissariát vnútrennikh del or People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, Comintern (the Communist International), its London-based proxy, the Anti-War Movement, and a range of socialist and left-oriented workers’ unions, were arguably a few steps ahead in recruiting women and deploying them in sensitive roles. Using contemporaneous declassified records, this article briefly looks at three entangled women agents across the colonial–imperial sphere of conflict during the Second World War and the decade leading up to it. Drawing from contemporary conceptions of transnationalism and entangled histories wherein actors, entities and ideas across temporal and topographical spaces find common conceptual ground, this article relies on secret intelligence documents to discuss hitherto unexplored narratives, ambiguities and affective details.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V28QA3VI,2025-10-01,Gautam Pemmaraju,SAGE Publications India,Indian Journal of Gender Studies,2025-10-10T12:47:46Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1177/09715215251351228,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414887802,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 421,Rebranding second-generation open-source intelligence: “It’s not your father’s OSINT”,Journal article,https://iacis.org/iis/2025/3_iis_2025_61-74.pdf,"For decades, first-generation open-source intelligence (OSINT) was exclusively performed by intelligence organizations and largely consisted of the translation and analysis of foreign-language radio, TV broadcasts, newspapers, and other publicly available documents by cleared native language speakers from other countries. Since the 1990s, due to the impact of Information Age technologies, OSINT has steadily increased in importance. The multiple technological advances driving OSINT’s ongoing evolution, which led some scholars and intelligence professionals to refer to its current state as “second-generation OSINT,” have impacted which skills OSINT practitioners require, what OSINT tradecraft should be employed, what OSINT can and should collect, how that research and collection is best performed, how source and data validation is performed, how technical and topical risk mitigation is conducted, and how OSINT analysis is conducted. The ever-increasing and changing big data environment has also had a significant impact on the changes in OSINT practices. Thanks to these tectonic shifts, second-generation OSINT hardly resembles what it had originally been. Just like most intelligence disciplines, OSINT’s rapid, ongoing evolution necessitates rebranding because OSINT practitioners, managers, and customers must all comprehensively understand and appreciate what OSINT can do, how it can be successfully integrated with other intelligence collection disciplines, and what its ethical, legal, and operational limitations are.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FYLFRTN7,2025-10-01,"Fred Hoffman, Brian Fuller",,Issues in Information Systems,2025-10-08T11:59:46Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.48009/3_iis_2025_2025_105,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414196226,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.48009/3_iis_2025_2025_105, 422,"‘No guts, no glory’: transforming intelligence for the digital age. An interview with Sebastian Reyn",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565951,"How do intelligence services navigate the complexities of digital transformation? This article presents two interviews with Dr Sebastian Reyn, former deputy director of the Netherlands Defence Intelligence and Security Service (DISS), discussing the demands this transformation places on the management of intelligence services. Digital transformation is about leveraging digital technologies and data to fulfil intelligence missions while maintaining resilience against adversaries’ technological advancements. In the interviews, Dr Reyn reflects on his tenure at DISS, providing valuable insights into the challenges of organizational ambidexterity while emphasizing the importance of cultivating leadership qualities that balance strategic innovation with operational stability and consistency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E2R2GVBG,2025-10-03,"Paul Oling, Sebastiaan Rietjens",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-06T07:25:32Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2565951,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414795547,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4414795547,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565951,0.0 423,"The Last Days of Budapest: Spies, Nazis, Rescuers and Resistance, 1940–1945",Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/last-days-of-budapest-9781801100779/,"Budapest, autumn 1943. Four years into the war, Hungary is allied with Nazi Germany and the Hungarian capital is the Casablanca of central Europe. The city swir…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I3DSM8F9,2025-01-16,Adam LeBor,Bloomsbury,,2025-09-07T19:30:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 424,The Last Gasp of William Schwarzfeller: Soviet Espionage and the Cruelties of Stalin's Gulags,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/last-gasp-of-william-schwarzfeller-9798881807580/,"Peter Buck Feller's father disappeared in Moscow in 1938, when Feller was just six months old. As a young boy he asked his mother about him, but his questions went invariably unanswered. Decades later, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Feller embarked on a detailed search to reclaim his father. His journey took him and his adult daughters to Moscow, Siberia, and Germany. He gained access to a now-declassified espionage FBI file, which contained an anonymous letter from a man who had been imprisoned in one of Stalin's gulags: ""I plan to write a book about all what occurred to me during these dreadful ten years. The title of this book, I would like it to be 'The Last Gasp of William Schwarzfeller.'"" Feller was stunned. William Schwarzfeller was his lost father, for whom he searched, in one way or another, all of his life. He learned that his father had been an agent for Red Army Intelligence. He was arrested in 1938 and starved to death in a gulag in 1943. This new information led him to a host of discoveries, his mother's vast FBI file, and a story about his father on the front page of the Communist newspaper The Daily Worker.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CY7E7QHI,2025-10-30,Peter B. Feller,Bloomsbury,,2025-10-04T20:38:43Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 425,The weak link: the case for soft skills in the intelligence analysis profession,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2566826,"Soft skills ought to be considered as core intelligence analysis tradecraft. This article looks at three areas in which analysts require advanced interpersonal skills. First, high-quality and impactful intelligence assessments require work within teams, between teams, across the intelligence community, and policy relationships. Second, analysts need to glean insights from inside and outside government circles. Third, intelligence diplomacy is becoming more routine. For soft skills generally to be given prominence, agencies will need to train for it, allocate time for inter-agency and external engagement, and recognise it in performance reviews.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YKB3C6BB,2025-10-02,Anthony L. Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-04T20:34:31Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2566826,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414753730,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 426,Intelligence Agencies and the Military on Cyber Diplomacy,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-93385-1_15,"Diplomacy is not the prerogative of armed forces or intelligence agencies. However, with the inception of cyberspace, the media landscape has enlarged significantly and the thresholds, for a variety of actors, to engage in cyberspace have evaporated. After a time of uncertainty and diffusion, government agencies—including intelligence and armed forces cyber command—have now harnessed cyberspace. Their engagement, as part of cyber diplomacy, has not solely to broaden their task from informing strategic leaders to public diplomacy, but given the affordance of these agencies, their involvement in cyber diplomacy incorporates aspects of political warfare and deterrence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YTF3T74N,2025-10-01,"Peter B. M. J. Pijpers, Paul A. L. Ducheine",Springer Nature Switzerland,,2025-10-04T20:33:32Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1007/978-3-031-93385-1_15,The Palgrave Handbook on Cyber Diplomacy,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414681055,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/286558294/978-3-031-93385-1_15.pdf, 427,Teenage Atomic Spy Ted Hall and Nagasaki Atom Bombing,Blog post,https://thiscantbehappening.substack.com/p/teenage-atomic-spy-ted-hall-and-nagasaki,The story of how two key events have kept the world from nuclear war for 80 years,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KQS4SSH,2025-08-07,Dave Lindorff,,,2025-10-03T10:05:41Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 428,THE IMPACT OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE ON MODERN CONFLICTS,Book chapter,https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=1369104,"The War in Ukraine, which began in 2014, is an ongoing conflict. Since the commencement of hostilities, the new era of decentralized and technologically enabled intelligence has emerged. This new era is referred to as open-source intelligence (OSINT). The role of OSINT in shaping the global and domestic narratives surrounding the conflict has become increasingly prominent. Achieving dominance in this narrative domain is imperative for ensuring strategic and tactical success, both on the battlefield and in the broader geopolitical landscape. The volume and velocity of OSINT have increased exponentially since February 24, 2022, the point at which the hostilities escalated under the leadership of the Russian Federation. This surge in information can be attributed to a confluence of factors, resulting in an ongoing information battle that shapes the various aspects of the conflict, including the political, military, economic, societal, informational, infrastructural, physical, environmental, and temporal elements (PMESSI-PT). Shaping global, and in particular allied, perceptions of all the variables within the PMESSI-PT model is critical for sustaining and building support. The present article will examine how Ukraine's efforts to counter Russian aggression, which have recently seen a dramatic increase in OSINT, have both facilitated and hindered these efforts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BB2BAGYT,2025,Marius-Daniel Ioniță,Carol I National Defence University Publishing House,,2025-10-03T10:04:29Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,"INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI "TECHNOLOGIES – MILITARY APPLICATIONS, SIMULATION AND RESOURCES" 21st Edition",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 429,"The geographies of the Information Research Department: Intelligence, diplomacy and the British secret state",Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/area.70059,"This paper develops a historical and political geographical analysis of the UK Foreign Office's Information Research Department (IRD). Empirically it is grounded in archival study of IRD files concerning operations in Ghana and South Africa during the Cold War and specifically the 1960s and 1970s. To date, there has been no geographical study of IRD and through this paper's critical study of the organisation I highlight where contributions can be made to existing scholarship on the geographies of intelligence and diplomacy. In examining IRD, I highlight strategies to be applied and spatialities to be investigated in relation to other organs of the British secret state. Through investigating the networks of communication, distribution and personal relations that animated IRD operations and geographers are well positioned to trace the contours of the secret state and its operations. Similarly, through interrogating IRD's relationship with the Diplomatic Service I suggest studies of the cultures and practices of diplomacy can be enriched by highlighting the role of state secrecy and subversion in these contexts. I suggest studying IRD can open up a more holistic examination of the geographies of the British secret state beyond a focus on particular figures or the impact of specific theories. Within British Geography there has been extensive study of the role that geography as a discipline and geographers as practitioners have played in the furtherance of British imperialism and militarism with covert actions and agencies central here. However, what this paper evidences and what I am proposing is the need for a determined and critical geographical analysis of the British secret state and its activities tout court.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQQVQ4FX,2025-09-29,Ben Gowland,,Area,2025-10-03T10:03:26Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1111/area.70059,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414678590,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1111/area.70059, 430,Developing intelligence models for the digital era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565952,"The traditional intelligence cycle has been a cornerstone of intelligence work, offering a structured framework for data collection, analysis, and dissemination. However, the digital age and evolving threats have exposed its limitations. This article critiques the cycle’s linearity and rigidity, proposing adaptive, multidisciplinary models better suited to modern challenges. Drawing on case studies from the U.S. Army, NGA, and Israeli Military Intelligence, the article highlights innovations like Activity-Based Intelligence (ABI) and Multi-Disciplinary Intelligence. These models emphasize collaboration, flexibility, and the integration of advanced technologies. The article concludes with principles for redefining intelligence frameworks to meet the complexities of the digital era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W2EGVW3X,2025-09-29,Shay Hershkovitz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-03T10:02:28Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2565952,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414613400,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4414613400,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,,0.0 431,The myth of coercive diplomacy: the U.S. intelligence community and the war in Bosnia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565551,"In 2013, the Central Intelligence Agency declassified over 2,000 pages of documents pertaining to the 1992–95 Bosnian War. While several scholars have studied these documents, they have not grasped the degree to which this record undermines the prevailing narrative of the Clinton Administration’s Bosnia policy. This narrative asserts that the administration was initially reluctant to intervene in Bosnia due to the concerns of European allies, before finally deploying ‘coercive diplomacy’ against recalcitrant Bosnian Serb forces in 1995 to end the war. Yet this article demonstrates that the documents declassified in 2013 provide no support for the efficacy of ‘coercive diplomacy,’ presenting a narrative of the ‘Road to Dayton’ that emphasizes the importance of compromise over the celebration of coercion.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PP3AU8KD,2025-09-29,Harry Blain,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-03T10:01:43Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2025.2565551,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414613349,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4414613349,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,,1.0 432,Public-private collaboration and the digital transformation of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565950,"This article explores the vital collaboration between government intelligence agencies and the private technology sector in fostering innovation to address evolving technological needs. Traditional procurement models designed for mature technologies often fail to meet the dynamic requirements of emerging technologies. Drawing on technology readiness levels, our proposed approach stresses early and sustained engagement between public agencies and private entities to identify, support and guide the development of critical technologies. Drawing on examples from France, the Netherlands and the United States, our research emphasizes the need for adaptive frameworks to balance the risks and opportunities presented by emerging technologies while safeguarding national security and sovereignty.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EJICS3R2,2025-09-30,"Damien Van Puyvelde, Paul Oling",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-03T09:59:54Z,['R2V36RN8'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2565950,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414673146,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4414673146,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2565950,0.0 433,Russian Intelligence under Vladimir Putin,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RNIHGUIC,2026-01-26,David V. Gioe,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:16:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 434,Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate and Its Covert Proxy Wars in Afghanistan,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XI9IK7F9,2026-01-26,Owen L. Sirrs,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:16:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 435,"The German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND): A ""Toothless Tiger"" by Design",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CK2AXZDQ,2026-01-26,Wolfgang Krieger,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:15:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 436,The French Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE),Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ET6KML87,2026-01-26,Damien Van Puyvelde,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:15:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 437,"""Secret Line, Open Line"": Inside China's Ministry of State Security",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ILRCWVF4,2026-01-26,James C. Mulvenon,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:15:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 438,The Canadian Intelligence System,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZJCYI6JX,2026-01-26,Wesley K. Wark,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:14:46Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 439,Ethical Intelligence: A Framework within Professionalism,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UHEC2E8W,2026-01-26,Jan Goldman,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:14:28Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 440,Intelligence and International Law,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CT23N28M,2026-01-26,"Asaf Lubin, Russell Buchan",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:13:59Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 441,The State Secrets Privilege: Judicial Misconceptions,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X2BLB4QD,2026-01-26,Louis Fisher,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:13:41Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 442,The Intelligence and Security Committee and Legislative Oversight of Intelligence in the UK since 2013: Taking Up the Invitation to Struggle,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H7S8YSPC,2026-01-26,Mark Phythian,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:13:27Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 443,Congressional Oversight of Covert Action,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YDD6QXM3,2026-01-26,Stephen R. Weissman,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:13:10Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 444,The Politics of Intelligence Accountability in the United States,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JEPQXZRK,2026-01-26,Glenn P. Hastedt,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:12:49Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 445,"Watergate, Operation CHAOS, and the Dawning of Intelligence Accountability in the United States",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/73GLMMRC,2026-01-26,Loch K. Johnson,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:12:14Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 446,The Causes and Consequences of U.S. Covert Action,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I9AX9752,2026-01-26,Michael Poznansky,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:09:47Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 447,Covert Action and Unacknowledged Interference,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LQWBI9L3,2026-01-26,"Richard J. Aldrich, Rory Cormac",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:09:17Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 448,Extraordinary Renditions,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MUUDZ58T,2026-01-26,"William G. Weaver, Robert M. Pallitto",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:10:38Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 449,"U.S. Covert Action in the Aftermath of the Cold War, 1989-2017",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WGLYNCJP,2026-01-26,Magda Long,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:10:06Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 450,Counterinsurgency and Intelligence,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XX9WNSJM,2026-01-26,"Barbara Elias, W. Alan Messer",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:10:21Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 451,Guarding the Border: Intelligence and Law Enforcement in Canada's Immigration System since 9/11,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GNHHXAIW,2026-01-26,Arne Kislenko,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:07:57Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 452,The Intelligence War on Terrorism,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R9RIYRDG,2026-01-26,"Daniel L. Byman, Ines Oulamine",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:07:17Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 453,"The State of Counterintelligence at the Department of Energy, Early 21st Century—-Plus Ça Change",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GKKNF9DR,2026-01-26,"Paul J. Redmond, W. Alan Messer",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:06:47Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 454,Soviet Atomic Espionage in World War II,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PUSTFZFJ,2026-01-26,"John Haynes, Harvey Klehr",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T10:06:09Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 455,FBI and Spy-Catching,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YCHK9A7G,2026-01-26,Darren E. Tromblay,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:57:48Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 456,Federal Bureau of Investigation: A Study of Reform and New Challenges in the Twenty- First Century,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XLYUVTZF,2026-01-26,Raymond J. Batvinis,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:56:50Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'TLFN4NAL']",,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 457,Early Warning for Environmental and Disaster Intelligence,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TW4SR4IV,2026-01-26,"Chad M. Briggs, Miriam Matejova",Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:55:57Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 458,AI and Traditional Intelligence,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HZBGJJPA,2026-01-26,Kathleen M. Vogel,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:55:17Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 459,Analysis in an Environment of Permanent Impermanence,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7I2L7KFC,2026-01-26,William M. Nolte,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:54:52Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 460,The National Intelligence Council,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7EYX38DT,2026-01-26,Gregory F. Treverton,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:54:33Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 461,The Changing Nature of Intelligence Collection,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZHB9QNU8,2026-01-26,Robert M. Clark,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:53:58Z,['TEMXY72R'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 462,"Geospatial Intelligence: Imagery, Mapping, Analysis",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KBTA8VKZ,2026-01-26,Joseph W. Caddell Jr.,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:53:32Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 463,"Signals Intelligence in War and Power Politics, 1914-2024",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ZDC2VW3,2026-01-26,John R. Ferris,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:53:08Z,['T92JK7A5'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 464,The Increasing Value of OSINT within and beyond the IC,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D6KF2A75,2026-01-26,Aaron F. Brantly,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T09:52:41Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 465,Intelligence in and through Cyberspace,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ZLVYVG5,2026-01-26,Michael Warner,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:22:06Z,['8XXD789V'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 466,United Nations Peacekeeping Intelligence,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E5NVVIUX,2026-01-26,A. Walter Dorn,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:21:49Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 467,Evolution of Humint,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LM4HMAQQ,2026-01-26,Kyle S. Cunliffe,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:21:20Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 468,J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YCHZIIBC,2026-01-26,Beverly Gage,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:20:53Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 469,Of Politics and Intelligence: The FBI since 9/11,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I8XS2F4G,2026-01-26,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:20:18Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 470,Law and Intelligence Enforcement,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BPU3T2GU,2026-01-26,Fred F. Manget,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:19:45Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 471,CIA Relationships with the Media,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WKWHXDHZ,2026-01-26,David P. Hadley,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:19:16Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 472,British Strategic Intelligence and the Cold War,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZHRP5MKY,2026-01-26,Len Scott,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:18:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 473,Assessing Intelligence Performance,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IXUYCRDC,2026-01-26,John A. Gentry,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:18:30Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 474,Theories of Security Intelligence,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YELGNDFT,2026-01-26,Peter Gill,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:16:45Z,['TDUVX2TF'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 475,The Sources and Methods of Intelligence Studies,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8AA6W8BX,2026-01-26,James J. Wirtz,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:16:00Z,['TDUVX2TF'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 476,National Security: Reassessment in a Period of Growing Instability,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L7UQ3I7T,2026-01-26,Richard Dearlove,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:14:10Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 477,The UK-US Intelligence Partnership,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PPCU9MSZ,2026-01-26,David Omand,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:15:07Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 478,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence [Second Edition],Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-national-security-intelligence-9780197783160,"The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence is a thoroughly updated state-of-the-art work on the role of secret agencies in defending the democracies and intelligence activities in authoritarian regimes. Edited by Loch Johnson, one of the world's leading authorities on the subject, the handbook examines the topic in full, beginning with an examination of the major theories of intelligence. It then shifts its focus to how intelligence agencies operate, how they collect information from around the world, and the difficulties in disseminating intelligence to policymakers. It also considers the balance between secrecy and public accountability, and the ethical dilemmas that covert and counterintelligence operations routinely present to intelligence agencies. Throughout, contributors factor in broader historical and political contexts that are integral to understanding how intelligence agencies function in our information-dominated age.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/637C4MVC,2026-01-26,Loch K. Johnson,Oxford University Press,,2025-10-02T07:12:45Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 479,Overcoming Anglocentrism in covert action scholarship,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2025.2561505,"This study argues that Anglocentrism in the study of covert action is driven by factors unique to the discipline, requiring novel mitigations which differ from those already recommended for wider international relations and the social sciences. To demonstrate this, it presents a systematic literature review of 401 journal articles on covert action, estimated to represent over 80 per cent of published research on the subject. The findings highlight an overwhelming Anglocentrism, with 86 per cent of studies focusing exclusively on Western states and significantly higher citation rates for Western-focused research, acutely focused on the USA and UK. This is notably higher than comparable benchmark datasets from international relations and the social sciences. The study finds that an ‘evidence bias’ proposed by Cormac is supported by available data but does not fully account for all observed Anglocentrism. In addition, it argues that conceptual biases built around highly Westernised terminology and categorisations create unconscious barriers to scholarship of non-Western covert action. It proposes measures including a comparative approach to analysis and a composite framework for definitions to address these specific biases. Adopting these measures will allow scholars to broaden the study of covert action beyond its present Anglocentric research base.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5YHGRJYS,2025-10-02,Jack Duffield,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-10-01T21:31:25Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2561505,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414683801,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 480,"Revisionist future: Russia's assault on large language models, the distortion of collective memory, and the politics of eternity",Journal article,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/29768640251377941,"This article explores how Russian disinformation networks exploit large language models (LLMs) to advance what Timothy Snyder, in his book The Road to Unfreedom, describes as ‘the politics of eternity’ – a worldview that replaces progress with cyclical narratives of national victimhood and mythologised pasts, thereby legitimising authoritarian permanence. Drawing parallels with Orwell's concept of manipulated social memory in 1984, the article examines how the contamination of AI training data represents a new phase in information warfare. Unlike traditional propaganda, tainted datasets embed lasting distortions in digital memory, subtly reshaping how societies understand history and truth. By examining examples of LLM manipulation, the article shows how such systems are used to amplify the Kremlin's message and narrative, and to erode fact-based discourse. This technological evolution reveals how modern information infrastructures are being weaponised to fragment shared reality and thereby to weaken the potential for political resistance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KS7NUVUX,2025-09-29,"Huw Dylan, Elena Grossfeld",,Dialogues on Digital Society,2025-09-30T21:28:10Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1177/29768640251377941,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414610122,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4414610122,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1177/29768640251377941,1.0 481,The War on Open-Source Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0163660X.2025.2554477,"Published in The Washington Quarterly (Vol. 48, No. 3, 2025)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXIH2U67,2025-09-29,"Thomas Colley, Huw Dylan",Routledge,The Washington Quarterly,2025-09-30T21:27:38Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 482,The pixies’ spy mission : exploring Malta’s role in Operation Valuable (1949-1956),Thesis,https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/138939,"This dissertation explores one of the lesser known yet profoundly significant operations of the Cold War, Operation Valuable, shedding light on a mission that has often been overshadowed by its strategic failure. While typically regarded as a misstep in geopolitical terms, Operation Valuable offers much more than a simple tale of espionage gone wrong. This work goes beyond the surface-level analysis of intelligence failures and looks deeper into the human stories behind the operation, challenging the conventional view of such missions as abstract political manoeuvres. By uncovering the voices and experiences of those directly involved, it aims to offer a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of Cold War operations and their lasting impact on the lives of individuals caught within them. Central to the narrative is the evolving relationship between the West and Albania in the aftermath of World War II. Albania, a small, isolated nation under the increasingly authoritarian regime of Enver Hoxha, unexpectedly became a focal point in the strategic calculations of both Britain and the United States. For the Western powers, Albania symbolised not just a communist threat but also a potential opportunity, an area where covert action could counter Soviet influence. However, this view was shaped more by ideological assumptions and outdated beliefs than by accurate intelligence. Western leaders viewed Albania through the simplistic dichotomies of the Cold War, overlooking the complexity of the internal political dynamics and the reality on the ground. The operation itself, a joint effort between MI6 and the CIA, was built on several flawed assumptions. Both agencies relied heavily on émigré networks and fragmented opposition groups, assuming that the Albanian people would rise against the communist regime if given the opportunity. This optimism was further fuelled by sophisticated psychological warfare techniques. Yet the expectations that Albania was ready for such an intervention were largely unfounded. The planning of the operation revealed deep flaws in the intelligence gathered, and the belief in a swift, successful outcome obscured the underlying uncertainties and challenges. Cultural misunderstandings of the region and a lack of coherent intelligence left the operation vulnerable from the very beginning. Perhaps the most human aspect of the story is found in the experiences of the operatives themselves. These young men, many of whom had been trained in isolation in Malta, were preparing for a mission they could barely grasp. The training was intense, physically demanding and psychologically rigorous, transforming them into covert agents conditioned to suppress their identities. As the operation approached, the gap between their idealistic expectations and the harsh reality of their situation grew wider. Feelings of homesickness, anxiety, and increasing disquiet permeated the atmosphere. The unity among the operatives began to fracture, and the psychological strain became undeniable. When the operation ultimately failed, the consequences were catastrophic. The men were captured or killed. This dissertation aims to challenge the common tendency to view covert operations like Operation Valuable solely as strategic endeavours or intelligence failures. The mission was not just about espionage gone wrong, it was a human tragedy, with lives caught in the turmoil of Cold War politics. This study seeks to reveal how Cold War operations played out at multiple levels, often with far-reaching and tragic consequences for those directly involved. Ultimately, this dissertation does not seek to romanticise the failure of Operation Valuable, but instead to acknowledge the profound human cost of such covert mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SM35XQ2K,2025,Julia Camilleri,,,2025-09-28T21:28:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,BA,University of Malta,,,,,,,,, 483,Intelligence Agencies and the Ballot Box: Countering Foreign Interference in Romania’s 2024 Presidential Elections,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2562843,"Romanian intelligence services played a significant role in countering foreign interference during the 2024 presidential elections, which were ultimately annulled by the Constitutional Court. Using securitization as a theoretical framework, this case study shows how Romanian intelligence agencies’ attributions expanded beyond traditional functions to include preserving electoral integrity against foreign interference. The securitization occurred through a two-tiered process: political elites and civil society framed foreign interference as an existential threat through discourse, while the declassification of intelligence reports served as a policy instrument justifying extraordinary measures, including the annulment of elections. While intelligence agencies play a crucial role in protecting elections from foreign interference, their expanded powers raise concerns about institutional accountability and democratic oversight. Policy recommendations for Romanian lawmakers include establishing a legal framework requiring intelligence agencies to publish regular threat assessments at fixed intervals prior to the elections, thus ensuring transparency and predictability while limiting potential political manipulation of intelligence declassification.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A27VN9HN,2025-09-26,Antonia-Laura Pup,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-09-28T21:27:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2562843,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414542291,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 484,The Role of Military Intelligence in Enhancing Security Apparatus and Innovation of Military Hardware in Nigeria,Journal article,https://oer.tsuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/tijossr/article/view/1457,"The increasing complexity of security threats in Nigeria, ranging from terrorism and insurgency to cyber warfare, transnational organized crime, separatist movements, and internal armed conflicts, has highlighted the critical importance of military intelligence in national defence strategies. This paper examines the role of military intelligence in enhancing Nigeria's security apparatus and promoting the innovation of indigenous military hardware.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8R7TQHHD,2025-09-20,Ayuba Ismailu,,TARABA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES RESEARCH,2025-09-26T21:35:03Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 485,"Nation, family and trauma: techno-nationalism and conflicts of loyalty in the Indian Hindi-language espionage thriller Mission Majnu",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003355007-12/nation-family-trauma-techno-nationalism-conflicts-loyalty-indian-hindi-language-espionage-thriller-mission-majnu-goutam-karmakar-pippa-catterall,"The Indian Hindi-language espionage thriller Mission Majnu is set in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Its central character is Amandeep Ajitpal Singh, an Indian spy who adopts the guise of Tariq to conduct a covert operation to uncover Pakistan’s nuclear weapons programme. The film is shown both as encoding a nationalist message through various plot devices and contributing to audience willingness to absorb this message through its supposed authenticity. On a macro-level, there is an othering of Pakistan alongside a presentation of the selfless patriotism of the brave agents of India’s intelligence services. In highlighting the latter, it also presents a celebratory techno-nationalism. Yet in interweaving personal and national stories and traumas the film also presents a reading of how Indian covert operatives navigate their personal and professional lives and their relationship to the state they serve. In examining the tensions between loyalty to family and to nation, the film also centres a leitmotif of national belonging as a test, a test that Amandeep sacrificially passes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AWM7AYL8,2025,"Goutam Karmakar, Pippa Catterall",Routledge,,2025-09-26T08:48:13Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Nation, Nationalism and Indian Hindi Cinema",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 486,COMPARATIVE AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ISSUE OF ESPIONAGE IN UKRAINIAN REALITIES,Journal article,http://perspectives.pp.ua/index.php/nauka/article/view/28771,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8QGGYG3,2025-09-23,"Valeriia Kovdria, Mariia Kalin",,Наукові інновації та передові технології,2025-09-26T08:46:28Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.52058/2786-5274-2025-9(49)-924-936,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414449055,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,http://perspectives.pp.ua/index.php/nauka/article/download/28771/28773, 487,2. A Theory of Intelligence Performance,Book chapter,https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501783227-004/html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BCUBER3G,2025-10-15,Jon R. Lindsay,Cornell University Press,,2025-09-26T08:45:04Z,['8XXD789V'],,Age of Deception: Cybersecurity as Secret Statecraft,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 488,5. Sabotage: Stuxnet Reinterpreted as Secret Diplomacy,Book chapter,https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501783227-007/html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AUAILDL9,2025-10-15,Jon R. Lindsay,Cornell University Press,,2025-09-26T08:44:47Z,['8XXD789V'],,Age of Deception: Cybersecurity as Secret Statecraft,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 489,4. Espionage: Bletchley Park and the Mechanization of Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501783227-006/html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5VLH6HWD,2025-10-15,Jon R. Lindsay,Cornell University Press,,2025-09-26T08:43:51Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,Age of Deception: Cybersecurity as Secret Statecraft,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 490,The elephant in the lecture hall: Russian intelligence and Western academia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2025.2556211,"Recent revelations of Russia’s espionage activities involving individuals associated with higher education highlight a troubling reality: the restrained curiosity within Western academia about Russian intelligence is not reciprocated. Drawing on declassified Soviet intelligence manuals, Russian legislation and university regulations, and investigative journalism, this article addresses the ‘elephant in the room’ in both Russian higher education and Western scholarship – the relationship between Russian intelligence and academia. These interactions are examined from both domestic and international perspectives, which are closely intertwined. Domestically, Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB) has institutionalized its presence in academia by retaining Soviet-era ‘active reserve’ officers within universities. Through routine practices – such as surveillance, recruitment, instruktazh (security briefings), foreign trip debriefings, expert reviews of academic publications, and profilaktika (prophylactic conversations) – the FSB undermines both the institutional autonomy of Russian universities and the individual freedoms to conduct research, engage in academic exchange, express political views, and operate free from politically motivated surveillance. Internationally, Russian intelligence exploits Western scholars’ dependency on access to data and contacts in Russia, as well as the inclination of some scholars to seek alternatives to dominant Western systems and cultures. Moscow’s gatekeeping of research opportunities has prompted some Western scholars to self-censor their research topics, while others engage in what they perceive as public diplomacy to pursue alternative worldviews. This article argues that disseminating knowledge about the activities and modus operandi of autocratic intelligence agencies targeting academia is essential to defending academic freedom and integrity in democratic societies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3SRAV3VU,2025-09-23,Sanshiro Hosaka,SRHE Website,Studies in Higher Education,2025-09-26T08:42:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/03075079.2025.2556211,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414451882,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4414451882,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,,1.0 491,Inception in Narrative Engineering in Intelligence and Geopolitics,Preprint,https://preprints.apsanet.org/engage/apsa/article-details/68ca4ca09008f1a4670e0c10,"In the age of proliferating information warfare, influence operations have evolved far beyond the paradigms of twentieth-century propaganda. This academic paper presents an exhaustive, interdisciplinary analysis of ""narrative engineering,"" emphasizing strategic inception-like seeding of narratives that flourish seemingly organically within a target society. Moving sequentially through a robust conceptual framework, psychological and technical mechanisms, geopolitical case studies, advanced attribution methodologies, global policy reviews, and ethical as well as future-oriented considerations, this research elucidates how state and non-state actors weaponize information ecosystems. Special focus is placed on emergent AI-driven tools, open-source intelligence (OSINT), stylometry, and machine learning as defensive and offensive means in these operations. Drawing on a broad base of scholarly and policy literature, the paper concludes with evidence-based recommendations and forecasting for the future of narrative engineering in global intelligence and security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RS9PHUU3,2025-09-24,Eton Chan,,,2025-09-26T08:41:21Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.33774/apsa-2025-7pd03,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414467087,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4414467087,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://preprints.apsanet.org/engage/api-gateway/apsa/assets/orp/resource/item/68ca4ca09008f1a4670e0c10/original/inception-in-narrative-engineering-in-intelligence-and-geopolitics.pdf,1.0 492,The Islamic Republic of Iran’s use of criminal intermediaries for extraterritorial assassinations and covert violence: a gray zone strategy of outsourced repression,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2025.2555583,"The Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has employed assassinations and proxy violence as tools of statecraft. Dissidents in exile have been killed, targeted, or systematically threatened, while Israeli-linked entities across Europe have faced repeated attacks. In recent years, Tehran has increasingly outsourced these operations to state-linked criminal intermediaries. This paper analyzes Iran’s approach through the lens of Gray Zone Strategy, showing how criminal outsourcing extends Tehran’s reach, preserves deniability, and enables coercion below the threshold of open conflict. These hybrid tactics blur the boundaries between organized crime, terrorism, and state repression – posing urgent challenges for Western legal, intelligence, and security frameworks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NGN4CBF8,2025-09-03,Ardavan M. Khoshnood,Routledge,Small Wars & Insurgencies,2025-09-26T08:40:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/09592318.2025.2555583,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413955011,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4413955011,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09592318.2025.2555583?needAccess=true,1.0 493,Counterintelligence as a tool for protecting the state and society,Book chapter,https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=1366965,"The basic role of the state is to satisfy the primary human need, namely the need for security. To this end, it uses a number of instruments of a diverse nature, and counterintelligence is one of them. The scope of counterintelligence services has gradually expanded over time and currently includes not only counteracting hostile intelligence (sometimes also allied intelligence) but also combating organized crime (especially international), preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, combating terrorism (including cyberterrorism), controlling economic turnover in the field of dual-use technologies, combating individuals and groups seeking to overthrow the prevailing political order by force, combating extremism, cryptology, securing government communications, and finally protecting one's own intelligence operations. Counterintelligence is a kind of alter ego of intelligence, it is, as it were, the other side of the same coin. Adding the prefix kontr makes the basic word its opposite. Counterintelligence, unlike intelligence, which is supposed to obtain necessary information, protects it and ensures its safety. It is worth remembering, however, that counterintelligence is not only a defensive form of action, there is also offensive counterintelligence. Its aim, is to control the actions of the opponent, to manipulate them and influence them, to obtain information about the modus operandi the opponent, his contacts, interests, goals, state of knowledge. Therefore, counterintelligence should be referred to collecting information and taking actions to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage or contract killings. Modern counterintelligence services face a number of new challenges, which are primarily related to the development of new ICT technologies, social media, and systems based on artificial intelligence, including machine espionage. They can be used to disrupt the electoral process, cause social unrest or even revolution (color revolutions), spread disinformation through fake news or using deep technology fake. Since modern societies are information societies, they are highly susceptible to information attacks aimed at persuading them to behave in a specific way, e.g. to vote for a specific candidate or protest against the policy of a given government. Modern information techniques allow for the manipulation of images and sounds, and thus enable the publication of false information, processed, manipulated to achieve a specific goal of information warfare. An example here is the deepfake technology, which, through ultra-realistic video materials, can change the perception of a given person in the public consciousness and influence the outcome of elections. Based on the above comments, it can be stated that today's counterintelligence, in addition to traditional challenges related to the protection and protection of its own systems and information resources, as well as an active form of counteracting espionage, must keep up with the development of new ICT technologies, social media, and systems based on artificial intelligence. Petrification in this area may lead to a decrease in its effectiveness, and consequently also to inefficiency and serious perturbations in the sphere of security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W3J3M4WT,2025,"Igor G. Britchenko, Krzysztof T. Chochowski",Висше училище по сигурност и икономика (ВУСИ),,2025-09-25T12:02:09Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,"Сборник с доклади от научнотеоретична конференция „Българското разузнаване и контраразузнаване: предизвикателства, проблеми, перспективи“. Том I",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 494,Cyber Espionage and Cyber Interference – A New Way of Intervening in another State’s Affairs,Book chapter,https://www.routledge.com/Technology-Energy-and-Warfare-in-Evolving-Geopolitics/Tripathi-Sablin/p/book/9781041059691,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6ND7U5PG,2025-11-10,Patrick C. R. Terry,Routledge,,2025-09-25T11:59:18Z,['8XXD789V'],,"Technology, Energy and Warfare in Evolving Geopolitics",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 495,The techno-strategic nexus: Intelligence and strategic operations in the age of higher technologies,Book chapter,https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=1367278,"This paper examines the evolving relationship between intelligence, counterintelligence, and emerging technologies in modern conflict environments. It provides an analytical overview of the strategic capabilities. Through the lens of landmark cyber incidents, such as the Bulgarian NRA Agency data leakage of 5 million Bulgarian citizens, Stuxnet virus and SolarWinds breach, the paper highlights the shifting terrain of intelligence warfare and the imperative of resilience-driven security models both on physical level and cyberspace.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/48NU3NZ7,2025,Atanas Tomov Nikolov,Висше училище по сигурност и икономика (ВУСИ),,2025-09-23T21:02:29Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,"Сборник с доклади от научнотеоретична конференция „Българското разузнаване и контраразузнаване. Предизвикателства, проблеми, перспективи“ (Докторанти и студенти). Том 2",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 496,The necessity of decisive counterintelligence protection and suppression of vital state values from organized crime,Book chapter,https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=1366975,"All states, regardless of the system of political power, possess identified crucial vital state values, which they decisively defend by ensuring stable and predictable national security. In order to ensure its own survival and sustainable development, the state establishes a system of national security by protecting its vital values, as set out in the Constitution. The article presents the necessity of decisive counterintelligence protection of vital state values from organized crime, which is achieved through the application of numerous methods and means, relying on state and social entities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ERIVEJ62,2025,Aleksandra Jovanović,Висше училище по сигурност и икономика (ВУСИ),,2025-09-23T20:57:53Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,"Сборник с доклади от научнотеоретична конференция „Българското разузнаване и контраразузнаване: предизвикателства, проблеми, перспективи“. Том I",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 497,Strategic Intelligence Analysis in The Integration of National Defense Components to Counter The Threat of Nuclear Terrorism in Indonesia,Journal article,https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/view/1426,"The development of nuclear science presents multifaceted benefits across diverse sectors, including energy, health, construction, agriculture, and food production. However, the proliferation of nuclear technology introduces the complex challenge of dual-use, encompassing both constructive applications and potential misuse for nefarious purposes such as terrorism. Indonesia, like many nations, faces this dual-use dilemma, necessitating robust defense mechanisms to safeguard against nuclear terrorism threats. This study aims to investigate and enhance Indonesia's defense system against nuclear terrorism by emphasizing integration and strategic intelligence within its defense components. The primary objective is to analyze the integration and coordination mechanisms among the main, supporting, and reserve components of Indonesia's defense system to strengthen strategic analysis and intelligence efforts in combating nuclear terrorism threats. Through a qualitative research methodology employing an analytical approach, data collection encompasses expert interviews, observations, and an extensive literature review. The study identifies various threat risks and potential initiators of nuclear terrorism attacks, highlighting the critical role of integrated defense components in addressing these threats effectively. Findings reveal the indispensable roles of the main, supporting, and reserve components in executing intelligence functions, including investigation, security, and information gathering, to mitigate the threat of nuclear terrorism. Despite their distinct roles, these components require seamless integration and coordination to maximize strategic analysis efforts and intelligence sharing. The research identifies several constraints hindering the effective implementation of integration and strategic intelligence within Indonesia's defense components. These constraints necessitate targeted improvements to enhance the nation's capability to mitigate the threat of nuclear terrorism effectively. In conclusion, this study underscores the significance of integration and strategic intelligence within Indonesia's defense system to confront the evolving threat landscape of nuclear terrorism. By addressing research gaps and proposing actionable recommendations, this research contributes to strengthening Indonesia's defense posture against nuclear terrorism, thereby ensuring national security and global stability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HBLAKFDL,2025-09-18,"M. H. Rajagukguk, B. Gunawan, M. Santoso, B. M. Ratmono",,Atom Indonesia,2025-09-23T20:57:19Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.55981/aij.2025.1426,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4417145438,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://atomindonesia.brin.go.id/index.php/aij/article/download/1426/1185, 498,"Steganography, Multimodal Masking, and Symbolic Evidence in Military, Political, and Intelligence Contexts: Toward an Expanded Semiotic Framework for Criminal Justice Written by Megan Bogle",Preprint,https://www.authorea.com/users/964101/articles/1335479-steganography-multimodal-masking-and-symbolic-evidence-in-military-political-and-intelligence-contexts-toward-an-expanded-semiotic-framework-for-criminal-justice-written-by-megan-bogle?commit=7d2026f002ea5cc6d5ab471da699e17d92e543cb,"Steganography, the practice of concealing information within seemingly innocuous media, and multimodal masking, the layering of meaning across gestures, symbols, and material objects, have shaped military, political, and intelligence communication throughout modern history. This article synthesizes semiotic theory (Peirce, 1931-58; Eco, 1976), symbolic interactionism (Mead, 1934; Blumer, 1969), and multimodal discourse analysis (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2006) with case studies from the Third Reich (Auschwitz, Aktion T4, SS & SA insignia), covert units (Japanese Unit 516, CIA's MKULTRA), political symbolism (Ruth Bader Ginsburg's collars, color revolutions, courtroom rituals), and intelligence tradecraft (covert signals using food, fruits, cigarettes, household objects, or interior design). A symbolic inventory of 90+ examples is provided, emphasizing how everyday objects, such as bananas, apples, teacups, lampshades, cigarette use, and seating positions, can become communicative devices in covert networks. Legal frameworks are discussed, including the Nuremberg Trials, the ICTR (Akayesu, Nahimana/Media Case), and contemporary guidelines such as the Berkeley Protocol. Our argument is that criminalists must systematically collect, authenticate, and interpret symbolic and multimodal proof as a core component of evidence in war-crimes and intelligence-related prosecutions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/42XJXU3D,2025-09-15,Megan Bogle,,,2025-09-23T20:49:48Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.22541/au.175795666.64193305/v1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414200045,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.22541/au.175795666.64193305/v1, 499,Travels in the Missing Dimension: Official History and Secret Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2025.2533022,"Intelligence may no longer be the ‘missing dimension’ of history, but writing about it as an official historian can feel like moving into a parallel universe. This paper draws on the experience of a long career to discuss the particular difficulties, and rewards, of this branch of official history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ABBG4IG3,2025-07-03,Gill Bennett,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2025-09-23T20:47:39Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/09592296.2025.2533022,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7082986344,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 500,The Special Operations Executive in Malaya: World War II and the Path to Independence,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/special-operations-executive-in-malaya-9781350539433/,"During World War II, agents of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) infiltrated Japanese-occupied Malaya. There they worked with Malayan guerrilla groups, including the communist-sponsored Malayan Peoples Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), regarded as the precursor of the communist insurgent army of the Malayan Emergency. This book traces the development of SOE's Malayan operations, and analyses the interactions between SOE and the various guerrilla groups. It explores the reasons for and the extent of Malay disillusionment with Japanese rule, and demonstrates how guerrilla service acted as a training ground for some later Malay leaders of the independent nation. However, the reports written about the MPAJA by SOE operatives just after the war failed to draw out the likely future threat posed by the communists to the returning colonial administration. Rebecca Kenneison shows that the British possessed a wealth of local information, but failed to convert it into active intelligence in the period prior to the Malayan Emergency. In doing so she provides new insights into the impact of SOE on Malayan politics, the nature of Malayan communism's challenge to colonial rule, and British post-war intelligence in Malaya.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4BH45YHM,2025-01-23,Rebecca Kenneison,Bloomsbury,,2025-09-21T14:31:10Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 501,The Spy in the Museum: How Rose Valland Saved Art from the Nazis,Book,https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/The-Spy-in-the-Museum/Erin-McGuire/9781534466173,"This riveting, “visually stunning” (Kirkus Reviews, starred review) picture book biography tells the true story of Rose Valland’s valiant efforts to save thousands of works of art during World War II by becoming a spy in her own museum. Rose Valland loved art. When the Nazis invaded Paris during World War II and took over her beloved museum, Rose could have fled. But who would save the artwork? So, Rose remained and saw how she was underestimated by the soldiers for being a quiet, unassuming woman. She knew it was the time to act. And Rose had a secret weapon: she could speak German. She listened, kept track of all the stolen art, and saved what she could. Rose became a spy. And in the end, she saved thousands of works of art.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EVPD2YPR,2025-09-25,Erin McGuire,Simon & Schuster,,2025-09-20T07:16:44Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 502,The Changing Role of Intelligence in Postmodern Warfare,Journal article,https://hsow.journal.araku.ac.ir/article_729197_en.html,"The main function of intelligence is to recognize threats and provide necessary warnings about threats. The static nature of the threats of modern war made it possible for intelligence to predict potential threats using a problem-solving approach and using appropriate analytical tools. But after the Cold War, the nature of war and its actors and military strategies underwent a fundamental transformation, which is referred to as post-modern war. Therefore, the question is raised, what effect did these developments have on the main function of intelligence? The current article argues that the fluid nature of postmodern war and its actors caused the function of intelligence as knowledge, i.e. objective, actionable and predictive knowledge to be reduced to a large amount, and as in modern war, the main problem of intelligence is not data collection and resolution of uncertainty, but the problem The main thing is to understand a lot of scattered and complex data that are strategically and intentionally ambiguous. The findings of this article show that in postmodern war, as the fifth generation of war, objective ontological and epistemological approaches have lost their function, and intelligence needs new analytical and ontological tools to deal with the challenges of postmodern war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5WMVTCZU,2025-09-15,Nader Pourakhondi,Iranian History Association in collaboration with Arak University,Historical Study of War,2025-09-18T14:44:03Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.22034/hsow.2025.2059684.1611,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 503,"Statutory intelligence, prerogative deployments: Explaining varying legal authorities for national security in Westminster states",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2025.2542014,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JK9QYL2K,2025-09-11,"Philippe Lagassé, Sebastian Payne",Routledge,King's Law Journal,2025-09-15T22:23:57Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1080/09615768.2025.2542014,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414150080,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09615768.2025.2542014?needAccess=true, 504,"Typhoons, bears, and pandas. Latest major cyberespionage campaigns",Report,https://www.idr.ro/publicatii/Codreanu_PP43_EN.pdf,"Cyber espionage remains among the most common forms of interstate cyberoperations worldwide. Most states spy on each other, and this practice is not unusual ininternational affairs. However, the exploitation of cyberspace for espionage amplifies thepotential for collecting sensitive data and entails the risk of generating security breaches thatcan later be exploited by other actors. China and Russia represent the main actors conductingsuch actions against Euro-Atlantic states, although their objectives and methods of operationremain largely distinct. This study analyses two major cyber campaigns carried out by China –Volt Typhoon and Salt Typhoon – highlighting Beijing’s transition from conventionalespionage to the strategic infiltration of Western critical infrastructure. In parallel, the researchalso examines Russia’s cyber espionage activities, focusing on campaigns related to the war ofaggression against Ukraine. The role of commercial spyware, such as Pegasus, used forrepressive purposes against journalists, activists, and political opposition, is also assessed.Finally, the study proposes a series of public policy recommendations, including the publicattribution of campaigns, the imposition of sanctions, as well as strengthening cybersecurityand regulating the export and usage of commercial spyware.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CLWIF5J6,2025,Claudiu Codreanu,,,2025-09-13T22:35:17Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 505,A faithful spy: the life and times of an MI6 and MI5 officer,Book,https://www.chiselbury.co.uk/bookstore/p/a-faithful-spy-by-jimmy-burns,"Drawing on previously undisclosed personal papers, this biography of Walter Bell by award-winning author Jimmy Burns gives a remarkable insight into the working of British Intelligence. He was at heart of the emerging intelligence special relationship between Britain and America before, during and immediately after WW2 - the very time that MI6 had been penetrated by Russian intelligence. He was acquainted with Philby, Burgess and Maclean. Moving to MI5 Bell had postings in Kenya, India, and the West Indies, playing a crucial role in the passing power of power to newly independent governments, and developing close ties with agents of influence at the highest levels in the former colonies, from journalists and judges to generals and independence heroes. Back home he was intimately involved in operations to limit the reputation damage provoked by the media outcry over the Cambridge Five affair and suspected KGB misinformation about further alleged Soviet agents at the highest level of the British state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IW8TQ955,2024-06-01,Jimmy Burns,Chiselbury,,2025-09-13T22:28:58Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 506,From the SpyCast Vault: : Escaping Tehran with The CIA Pt. 2,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/bh/podcast/from-the-spycast-vault-escaping-tehran-with-the-cia-pt-2/id201680433?i=1000723583550,Podcast Episode · SpyCast · 26/08/2025 · 29m,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CSRKCYMU,2025-08-26,"Cora Lijek, Mark Lijek",,,2025-09-10T09:49:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 507,Utilization Of Geospatial Intelligence (Geoint) In The Intelligence Cycle To Support The Role Of State Intelligence In Indonesia,Journal article,https://sitjournal.com/sitj/article/view/65,"The development of information technology has changed the paradigm of access to intelligence resources globally, including in the field of Geospatial intelligence (Geoint). Geoint integrates Imaginary intelligence (Imint) and Geospatial data (Geoinfo) in the context of strategic intelligence for comprehensive collection and analysis of geographic conditions and enemy activities. This paper highlights the utilization of Geoint in supporting the role of state intelligence in Indonesia in the intelligence cycle. The result of this paper shows the potential of Geoint to be utilized in supporting the role of intelligence organizations, especially in Indonesia, in dealing with dynamic threats that are evolving into new-style warfare. In the intelligence cycle, Geoint provides the necessary geospatial data and information and facilitates the process of planning, collecting, processing, and distributing information to support national security policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZLQEWY5Q,2025-09-07,"Wisnu Hastungkoro Djati, Diah Setyorini Gunawan",,Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ),2025-09-10T09:01:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'PBHFUE8W']",10.70710/sitj.v2i3.65,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414164067,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://sitjournal.com/sitj/article/download/65/49, 508,Intelligence Failures in the Asymmetric War between Ukraine and Russia: A Literature Review of Ukraine's Drone Attacks on Russian Military Infrastructure,Journal article,https://sitjournal.com/sitj/article/view/63,"The asymmetric war between Ukraine and Russia since the Russian invasion in February 2022 has demonstrated a major transformation in the conduct of modern warfare. This study focuses on analyzing Russia’s intelligence failures in responding to Ukraine’s drone attacks on Russian military infrastructure. Despite its limited conventional military resources, Ukraine has successfully employed tactical strategies by utilizing low-cost yet effective drone technology, including First-Person View (FPV) and modified commercial drones. These attacks have damaged Russia’s strategic targets and exposed structural vulnerabilities in Russia’s defense and intelligence systems. This research explores how Russia’s intelligence system, which relies on hierarchical and conventional approaches, has failed to adequately prepare for new threats posed by lightweight, flexible technologies. Using a qualitative literature review method, this study identifies that shifting toward low-tech warfare and systemic disruption requires profound reforms in Russia’s intelligence structure and defense system. These findings are relevant in the military context and provide important insights for resource-constrained countries in designing more adaptive defense strategies against asymmetric threats in the 21st century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZGLURBCZ,2025-09-07,Tarsito Ito,,Security Intelligence Terrorism Journal (SITJ),2025-09-10T09:00:32Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'Y959U28A']",10.70710/sitj.v2i3.63,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4414158921,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4414158921,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://sitjournal.com/sitj/article/download/63/47,1.0 509,Between Politics and Diplomacy: The Dual Narrative in the 1954 American Espionage Case,Thesis,https://knowledge.uchicago.edu/record/15953,"This thesis examines the 1954 American Espionage Case in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) as a case study of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) dual narrative strategy—one crafted for domestic consumption through propaganda, and another, more pragmatic, employed in diplomatic negotiations. On November 23, 1954, thirteen Americans and several Chinese nationals were tried in Beijing for espionage and airspace violations. Two of them, John T. Downey and Richard Fecteau, were confirmed CIA operatives. The other eleven, the “Arnold crew,” were officially portrayed as spies, though archival evidence suggests they were on a leaflet-dropping mission at the time of capture. Through close analysis of People’s Daily coverage, legal commentaries, and propaganda exhibitions, this study reconstructs the CCP’s official narrative, which deliberately blurred distinctions between the Downey-Fecteau and Arnold crew cases to present a unified image of U.S. subversion. Material evidence such as radios and parachutes was politicized and exhibited publicly, while coerced confessions were treated as definitive proof of guilt. The official line leveraged respected legal scholars to bolster its claims, even when arguments relied on flawed reasoning or selective readings of international law. In contrast, diplomatic records—especially transcripts of meetings between Premier Zhou Enlai and UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld—reveal a more cautious tone. While publicly uncompromising, Zhou privately acknowledged room for prisoner release under favorable conditions. The American detainees became bargaining chips in a broader geopolitical moment between the 1954 Geneva and 1955 Bandung Conferences, as the PRC sought to manage relations with both hostile and non-aligned states, particularly the “Colombo Powers.” The thesis situates this episode within the PRC’s Cold War foreign policy transition from revolutionary confrontation to pragmatic diplomacy aimed at securing Third World support. The CCP’s approach shows a calculated separation of audiences: domestically, the narrative mobilized public vigilance and nationalist unity; internationally, it signaled flexibility without public concession. The courtroom was thus not merely a legal arena but a stage for ideological performance, while the diplomatic table allowed for face-saving compromise. By comparing these parallel narratives, this study contributes to scholarship on PRC propaganda, legal culture, and early Cold War diplomacy. It argues that the 1954 case illustrates a structural feature of CCP political communication: the capacity to sustain two synchronized but divergent storylines to meet internal and external needs. This duality—rooted in Mao-era media control and preserved in contemporary party-state information management—offers a lens for understanding the persistent interplay between politics, law, and diplomacy in modern Chinese statecraft",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MT57V88T,2025-08-01,Yifan Yang,,,2025-09-09T20:16:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.6082/uchicago.15953,,Master's Thesis,University of Chicago,https://openalex.org/W6939710552,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.6082/uchicago.15953, 510,"The U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Department of Defense, and the U.S. Intelligence Community—100 years of mapping and remote sensing collaboration, 1879–1979",Report,https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir1552/full,"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)—a Federal civilian agency—and U.S. military and intelligence agencies collaborate on mapping and remote sensing and have since the establishment of the USGS. The organizations exchange data and information and share technology to further their respective missions in service to the American people. Often referred to as examples of “good government” or “whole of government,” the collaboration avoids costly duplication and maximizes time and effort for the government sectors. Collaboration between these sectors started with the original mapping of the United States and evolved to include remote sensing after the advent of aerial photography and satellite imagery....",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8HGLZ9NF,2025,Paul M. Young,,,2025-09-07T19:33:50Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'TEMXY72R']",10.3133/cir1552,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413965321,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1552/cir1552.pdf, 511,"Women Under Suspicion: Fraternization, Espionage, and Punishment in the Soviet Union During World War II",Book,https://uwpress.wisc.edu/Books/W/Women-Under-Suspicion,"Budapest, autumn 1943. Four years into the war, Hungary is allied with Nazi Germany and the Hungarian capital is the Casablanca of central Europe. The city swirls with intrigue and betrayal, home to spies and agents of every kind. But Budapest remains at peace, an oasis in the midst of war where Allied POWs, and Polish and Jewish refugees find sanctuary. The riverside cafes are crowded and the city's famed cultural life still thrives. All that comes to an end in March 1944 when the Nazis invade. By the summer, Allied bombers are pounding its grand boulevards and historic squares. Budapest's surviving Jewish population has been forcibly relocated to cramped, overcrowded Yellow Star houses. By late December, the city is surrounded and under siege from the Red Army. Tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians die in the savage siege as Budapest collapses into anarchy. Hungarian death squads roam the streets as the city's Jews are forced into ghettos. Russian artillery pounds the city into smoking rubble as starving residents hack chunks of meat from dead, frozen horses. Using newly uncovered diaries, documents, archival material and interviews with the last survivors, Adam LeBor brilliantly recreates life and death in the wartime city, the catastrophic fate of half of its Jewish population and the destruction of the siege. Told through the lives of a cast of vivid, gripping characters, including glamorous aristocrats, spies, smugglers and SS Officers, a rebellious teenage Jewish schoolboy, Hungary's most popular actress and her spy chief lover, a Jewish businesswoman who negotiated with Adolf Eichmann, a Christian doctor hiding her Jewish neighbours and a teenage Hungarian soldier, the story of how Budapest slowly dies as the war destroys the city is utterly compelling.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9L4W3GF4,2025-01-16,Regina Kazyulina,University of Wisconsin Press,,2025-08-21T16:04:18Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 512,The Brooklyn Allergist’s Office That Was Once Home to a Spy,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/06/realestate/streetscapes-brooklyn-british-spy.html,An antislavery spy who worked for the British in New York in the 1800s lived in a house that is now home to an allergy doctor descended from Horace Greeley.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X8UCDW79,2025-07-06,John Freeman Gill,,The New York Times,2025-09-07T19:29:29Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 513,Five Eyes Alliance Policy Towards China-Huawei Public-Private 5G Partnerships,Journal article,https://globalfocus.ub.ac.id/index.php/globalfocus/article/view/195,"In the transformation of global infrastructure, the emerging 5G technology has become the cornerstone of a digital revolution that has changed the way humans do business and interact with each other. Huawei is one of the Chinese technology companies that has made a name as a global leader in this technology. However, the existence of Public Private Partnership (PPP) between China and Huawei makes western countries, especially countries that join the Five Eyes intelligence alliance feel threatened, especially in their cyber security. This research aims to analyze the Five Eyes policy towards the public private partnership between the Chinese government and Huawei. This research uses the theory of cybersecurity and the concept of Public-Private Partnership as the research analysis framework. This research found that Huawei's launch of 5G technology supported by the Chinese government caused opposition from Western countries that are members of the Five Eyes intelligence alliance. Based on national security reasons, the launch of 5G technology by Huawei and the Chinese government is considered dangerous and is allegedly a strategy of the Chinese government to conduct espionage and other spying activities against countries in the world to fulfill the interests of the country. This triggered the imposition of a ban on Huawei's 5G technology in several countries, including the Five Eyes member countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4QSYW5J,2025-04-30,"Muhammad Fadhlan Firasyan Aclamuf, Dedi Yusuf, Muhammad Rifqi Naufal, Nia Deniati, Dudy Heryadi, Deasy Silvya Sari",,Global Focus,2025-09-06T18:43:12Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.21776/ub.jgf.2025.005.01.5,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4416005283,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://globalfocus.ub.ac.id/index.php/globalfocus/article/download/195/124, 514,Of harpies and sirens: the depiction of women in spy films and the construction of the feminine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2552082,"Although there have been some recent inroads into analysing the potential role of culture in intelligence organizations and operations, intelligence studies has mostly kept popular culture at arm’s length. Given the gross misrepresentation of the intelligence enterprise in film and novels, this is understandable. However, this presents an analytic blind spot for the discipline. Drawing on Zegart and other formative work on the subject, the article applies Goffman and Bourdieu to the analysis of spy films. Such films are misogynistic in an empirically-consistent manner, data measured via discourse analysis techniques commonly employed in international relations (IR). Unfortunately, the patterns evident in the films conform with language and behavior observed at the US National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC). Thus, spy films have a potential constitutive influence on US intelligence personnel, partially shaping attitudes and motivated biases that are hard to break. These findings are preliminary. Given the data limitations endemic to the enterprise of intelligence and its study, establishing a causal connection is difficult.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/48WXIWW6,2025-09-03,"Jonathan M. Acuff, Bridget Rose Nolan",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-09-06T06:05:35Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2552082,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413997187,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 515,An Assassination in Athens and a CIA Officer’s Legacy,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/sg/podcast/spycast/id201680433,"History Podcast · Updated weekly · SpyCast, the official podcast of the International Spy Museum, is a journey into the shadows of international espionage. Each week, host Sasha Ingber brings you the latest insights and intriguing tale…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4RPLX3P6,2025-09-04,Richard Welch,,,2025-09-04T22:18:07Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 516,Counterintelligence response measures during the First World War: Меры контрразведывательного реагирования в годы Первой мировой войны,Journal article,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395048755_Counterintelligence_response_measures_during_the_First_World_War_Mery_kontrrazvedyvatelnogo_reagirovania_v_gody_Pervoj_mirovoj_vojny,"The article reveals a set of counterintelligence measures to respond to espionage (German and Austrian espionage) that were supposed to be implemented in the armies of the Northern Front. The relevance of the study is that the army counterintelligence agencies attempted to go beyond the generally accepted ideas about counterintelligence tools (secret employees, spies, ""black offices"") and to counter the enemy espionage system with original measures of struggle. The reconstructed military-historical events were based on extensive archival material, which indicates the scientific novelty of the article. Its goal is to systematize and chronologize measures to combat enemy agents, reveal their essence and determine the effectiveness in ensuring the protection of the security interests of the active army. The subject of the study is the countermeasures planned by the counterintelligence agencies of the armies of the Northern Front, namely: checking refugees for involvement in high treason, preventing the leakage of military information in Petrograd, the secret activities of the Riga telephone station, religious moral and patriotic education of the masses about the dangers of espionage, dissemination of reports on foreign espionage among security agencies, forced eviction of civilians from the frontline zone, counter-sabotage information. The result of the study was the determination of the degree of effectiveness of counterintelligence response measures. The author comes to the conclusion that most of them remained on paper due to the small number and professional and personnel inadequacy of military counterintelligence, the failure of partnership relations between counterintelligence officers and the political police, as well as the decline in the authority of Russia's main special service among its army, state apparatus and society in 1917. For the same reasons, counterintelligence response measures took on a proactive nature and were implemented only in individual armies of the Northern Front. The results of the study are applicable in studying the history of special services and internal affairs agencies of the Russian Empire.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WNR95UJU,2025-09-01,V. O. Zverev,,Journal of Humanities Education,2025-09-04T22:15:59Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.25730/VSU.2070.25.017,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413831768,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.25730/vsu.2070.25.017, 517,I spy with my little eye: The case of Norwegian nuclear intelligence sharing with the United States,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2025.2549321,"What considerations prevail when nonnuclear allies assess their contributions to a nuclear alliance? Two hypotheses stand out as promising: considerations pertaining to the composite security dilemma (Snyder) and the stability – instability trade-off (Schelling). This examination of Norwegian consideration of nuclear intelligence sharing with the United States between 1958 and 1970 based on declassified reports from the Norwegian Government Security Council reveals that Norwegian decision-makers’ primary concern was to reduce the risk of abandonment by their ally. Despite the potential impact that Norwegian intelligence sharing could have on crisis stability, this did not affect how Norwegian policymakers took these decisions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JEWH9Y7Q,2025-08-27,Adelina Trolle Andersen,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2025-09-04T22:15:26Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/01402390.2025.2549321,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413798171,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402390.2025.2549321?needAccess=true, 518,The Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africa (CISSA): fostering ethical credibility through the collective common good responsibilities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2025.2550997,"The responsibilities of security and intelligence services continue to be an area of extensive scrutiny by external stakeholders. Their national mandates at a multilateral level shape mutually inclusive governance arrangements, as evident in the adopted rules and regulations. For the Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africa (CISSA), the approved normative standards define the institutional governance framework and reinforce CISSA’s moral obligation of collective responsibility for the common good. The paper examines the duties of CISSA as the primary provider of intelligence on matters of peace and security to the African Union. The article focuses on CISSA's governance profile, key to which are the normative standards associated with CISSA’s purpose. The central theme of this analysis is CISSA’s ethical credibility as a strategic governance outcome of the multilateral’s mandated intelligence responsibilities. For CISSA, ethical credibility remains a key public value characterisation in its collective role in tackling continental security threats. The article adopts social constructivism to identify and analyse the normative and social factors to CISSA’s common good responsibilities. It finds that the intelligence culture, norms and identity best explain both the organisational framework and the governance challenges to CISSA’s core purpose.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DF78GBA3,2025-09-01,Lincoln Cave,Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2025-09-04T22:05:39Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/18335330.2025.2550997,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413897505,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 519,"International Espionage as a Family Business: The Schluga Brothers and Austrian Military Intelligence, 1866–1880",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2025.2553069,"This study is the second part of a larger consideration of the early career of one of the most notorious spies of the 19th century, Baron August Schluga von Rastenfeld. It focuses on his dealings with Austrian military intelligence both as an espionage service provider and a person of interest. The study also reveals for the first time that August worked with a partner in these early years. His brother was a key person in the small, but very successful intelligence agency that they both ran. In addition, this case study throws important new light on the functioning of Austrian intelligence agencies in the 1860s and 1870s as well as on the general state of the art of espionage in this era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E34WGJAN,2025-08-31,James Stone,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2025-09-04T22:04:51Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/16161262.2025.2553069,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413869882,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 520,Introduction: Ethics and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2431558,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5RJYCMMR,2025-10-02,"Adam Henschke, Seumas Miller",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-09-04T22:04:01Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2431558,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413865131,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2024.2431558?needAccess=true, 521,"Karin Lannby, Sweden’s secret soldier",Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/portraits/karin-lannby-swedens-secret-soldier/,"Talented, idealistic and unpredictable, Karin Lannby deployed her unique personality in the service of Swedish intelligence throughout the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P5HLBVU5,2025-09-04,Henrik Berggren,,,2025-09-04T18:47:08Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 522,Standards of Admissibility for U.S. Intelligence as Evidence in International Criminal Proceedings,Journal article,https://journals.law.harvard.edu/hrj/wp-content/uploads/sites/83/2025/05/04_HLH_38_1_Ripley167-222.pdf,"International criminal tribunals rely heavily on engaging intelligence services when states harbor evidence critical to trial outcomes. Yet state cooperation through intelligence disclosure is fraught with contradictions, and evidentiary admissibility standards for intelligence remain undefined by any consistent standard in international law. Lack of coherent legal custom on intelligence as evidence across tribunals undermines the judicial process. This study investigates how intelligence is accessed and admitted in international prosecutions, focusing on the influence of the U.S. intelligence community, which exercises more sway over the nature, extent, and timing of admitted evidence than any international body or legal framework. Often, cooperation is contingent on alignment with U.S. national and security interests, or else compromised by the Pentagon’s hostility toward international criminal prosecution and its stranglehold over U.S. foreign policy. These factors lead to strategic disclosure or withholding of evidence and contribute to U.S. exceptionalism in global justice. To make use of state-supplied intelligence, tribunals must balance sensitivities regarding disclosure with assessments of authenticity, reliability, legality, and prosecutorial independence which have not yet coalesced into custom. Tracing political and legal patterns in intelligence-sharing since Nuremberg, this dissertation argues that the mandate to cooperate with the U.S. intelligence community shapes procedural rules around evidentiary disclosure and admissibility. It finds that American intelligence has a primus inter pares impact on how sensitive information arrives before international courts. Standards initially developed to maximize U.S. intelligence disclosure to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia were replicated or adapted by subsequent tribunals, while admissibility standards remain ambiguous to maximize cooperation. These standards are likely to shape forthcoming prosecutions, including those for violations of international law in Ukraine. Through archival research and interviews with former U.S. intelligence officials, tribunal prosecutors, judges, defense attorneys, and ICC advisors, this study clarifies current legal custom regarding classified intelligence as evidence and explores how courts can establish neutral, effective standards to safeguard judicial integrity while supporting state intelligence agencies in the protection of their resources.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F58CNH5T,2025-08-01,Hawthorne Ripley,,Harvard Human Rights Journal,2025-08-31T11:54:56Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 523,The bungling Russian spy MI5 failed to catch,Newspaper article,https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/08/27/bungling-russian-spy-mi5-failed-to-catch-oleg-lyalin/,"New book reveals inside story of Oleg Lyalin, a KGB handler whose incompetent agents included one who let slip his identity",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BX5FDNI5,2025-08-27,Charles Hymas,,The Telegraph,2025-08-30T23:01:04Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 524,The espionage revolution,Podcast,https://engelsbergideas.com/podcast/ei-weekly/the-espionage-revolution/,"David Omand, ex-head of GCHQ, the British government's world-renowned cyber agency, explores how intelligence officers exploit the latest technological advances.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C5QPV3WL,2025-08-29,David Omand,,,2025-08-30T22:59:56Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 525,Comparative intelligence operations of nonstate armed groups: a comprehensive review,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2548157,"Interest in the intelligence operations of nonstate armed groups (NSAGs) has grown over the past decade, yet research to date focuses primarily on the intelligence conduct of single groups or group types and remains relatively theoretically underdeveloped. This paper advances research on the subject through utilising a thematic analysis approach to comprehensively review and comparatively analyse extant literature on the subject. It identifies commonalities in intelligence conduct across different group types as well as key factors influencing and differentiating the intelligence operations and capabilities of NSAGs. In doing so, the paper further develops the theoretical baseline for understanding NSAG intelligence and highlights enduring research gaps and conceptual ambiguities that make for fruitful future research on the subject.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EL8BMJIE,2025-08-28,Dina Al Raffie,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-08-30T08:01:56Z,['EJW4BLAR'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2548157,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413797154,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4413797154,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,,1.0 526,The SAS and Tactical Intelligence: Normandy 1944 – Operation Haft 702,Journal article,https://ojs.gold.ac.uk/index.php/bjmh/article/view/1892,After more than eighty years it is time to re-evaluate the role of the Special Air Service (SAS) and intelligence gathering during the Normandy campaign of 1944. This study examines Operation Haft 702 which ran between the Allied breakout in July and the closing of the Falaise pocket in August. The article combines original syntheses of archival research and landscape analysis to reveal a rich historical record which contributes to an understanding of how SAS human intelligence influenced the use of tactical airpower.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J37F37HF,2025-08-26,"David Capps-Tunwell, David G. Passmore, Stephan Harrison",,British Journal for Military History,2025-08-29T07:35:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.25602/GOLD.bjmh.v11i2.1892,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7077854393,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.25602/gold.bjmh.v11i2.1892, 527,“To deprive the enemy of the advantage of surprise”: analysis as a panacea for military and intelligence failures in early Soviet intelligence theory,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2546247,"In the first half of the 20th century, the Soviets recognized the causal link between strategic and operational failures in the military and intelligence domains and the quality of the intelligence analysis that precedes those failures. With the aim to improve their own processing and further use of intelligence data, the Soviet special services tried various organizational and methodological solutions. For the first time in their history, they created professional analytical functions, trained professional analysts, experimented with research methods advanced for their time, and entered the field of intelligence forecast. Drawing on unique, hitherto unpublished Soviet sources, this article follows this fascinating Soviet intellectual and practical enterprise, highlights its ups and downs, discovers its catalyzers and inhibitors, and traces its influence on the later Soviet concept of intelligence analysis. The article concludes with proposals for future historical research on this topic, as well as with placing its findings in the broader context of Western academic discourse on intelligence analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R6QVAWFT,2025-08-26,Yaacov Falkov,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-08-28T08:28:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684527.2025.2546247,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413766319,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4413766319,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2025.2546247?needAccess=true,0.0 528,Introduction: rethinking strategic warning and intelligence failure in an era of global transformation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2546249,"This special issue of Intelligence and National Security examines the persistence of strategic surprise and the limitations of existing early warning frameworks in an era of geopolitical volatility. Despite decades of scholarly and institutional focus, intelligence failures continue to occur across tactical, operational, and strategic levels. The articles in this issue offer new theoretical models, empirical analyses, and comparative perspectives that challenge conventional explanations rooted in cognitive bias, organizational dysfunction, or information gaps. By addressing structural, cultural, and methodological dimensions of warning, the volume proposes a more differentiated and adaptive understanding of intelligence failure and the conditions under which it recurs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GSP8ITE7,2025-08-22,"Shay Hershkovitz, Ofek Riemer",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-08-26T07:04:18Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.1080/02684527.2025.2546249,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413441935,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4413441935,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,,0.0 529,Unveiling Russian intelligence failures in the Ukraine conflict: a strategic culture perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2544460,"Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 was accompanied by a major intelligence failure. Russia’s intelligence machinery failed strategically and tactically, leaving leaders surprised and forces lost. Why? This article argues that to understand the failures of 2022 we should consider the strategic culture of Russian intelligence. It explores elements of this culture, particularly the maintenance of a ‘besieged fortress’ mindset. It argues that key features of Russian intelligence, such as its reluctance to provide unwelcome news to political leaders, are rooted in this culture. This is something that Russia will struggle to resolve – even as it rather successfully adapts other elements of its military and intelligence – its roots are deep.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P6Z92AVB,2025-08-22,"Huw Dylan, Elena Grossfeld",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-08-25T19:40:36Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2544460,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413450062,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4413450062,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2025.2544460?needAccess=true,1.0 530,The choices facing Britain’s next MI6 chief,Magazine article,https://www.economist.com/britain/2025/08/23/the-choices-facing-britains-next-mi6-chief,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6SXMHVXY,2025-08-23,The Economist,,The Economist,2025-08-25T19:39:31Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 531,How to deceive: a supply-side approach,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2546248,"The study of strategic warning has focused on deception success. Scholars have argued that deception often succeeds because targets suffer cognitive and bureaucratic pathologies. This paper offers an alternative approach that emphasizes the resilience to deception of intelligence organizations. It proposes that deceiving a rival intelligence organization is a challenging task that requires significant planning, resources, and coordination. The same incrementalist routines that foster resistance to authentic warning indicators also serve as a bulwark against deception. I illustrate this logic by exploring the complexity of several successful Allied deception operations during the Second World War that are often misconstrued as consisting of brilliant ruses. Rival intelligence agencies subjected even these broad deception efforts to great scrutiny. Simpler deception operations failed. Even where deception succeeded, it is not easy to tell whether deception could have been unmasked given data available to decision makers at the time. I propose that successful deception will become even more difficult to execute in the future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7C34CJC,2025-08-22,Ron E. Hassner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-08-24T19:40:20Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2546248,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413450058,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2025.2546248?needAccess=true, 532,FRIENDLY SPIES State Responses to Incidents of Potential Intelligence Crisis With Allies - ProQuest,Thesis,https://www.proquest.com/openview/7c16d8343945998a14193c31a07e6bd1/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y,"When a state finds out that its ally is spying on it or has done an egregiously poor job ofprotecting their shared intelligence information, why does it respond how it does? Iutilize a comparative method based on qualitative case studies to articulate a theoryexplaining these state responses. I conduct six comparative case studies of state responsesto incidents of potential intelligence crisis between allies. In order to allow for thecomparison of responses, all six cases represent clear cases of potential intelligence crisisbetween allies with high levels of cooperation.I utilize primarily archival sources as well as several interviews to conduct these six casestudies. I analyze each incident in order to develop a theory of state responses. In order todevelop this theory, I evaluate the normative violation, material security value of thealliance, impact on material security of the injured partner, the conditions of theinternational system, and the domestic political context of each case. Through thisanalysis, I construct a theory explaining state response outcomes through the conjuncturalvariables of degree of normative violation and material value of the alliance to the injuredpartner.Response outcomes of states facing these incidents of potential intelligence crisis withtheir allies are favorable, adverse, or mixed. These responses include both rhetorical andmaterial actions. I test my conjunctural theory against explanations based on the demandsof domestic actors and the polarity of the international system at the time of the incident.My theory adds to the theoretical discourse of international relations scholarship byidentifying and analyzing a type of interaction between allies that is better explained bythe conjunction of normative and material factors than either on its own.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ULCSCL5S,2025-08-01,Emily M. Kulenkamp,,,2025-08-24T19:32:57Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,PhD Thesis,Boston College,,,,,,,,, 533,Japanese Spy Gear & Special Weapons: How Noborito's Scientists and Technicians Served in the Second World War and the Cold War,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Japanese-Spy-Gear-Special-Weapons-Hardback/p/53074,"The technicians of the 9th Army Technical Research Institute, known as the Noborito Research Institute, toiled in the shadows of the Second World War to develop spy gear and special weapons for the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). Their espionage devices, including secret inks, bugging devices, and miniature cameras, helped the Army’s dreaded Kempeitai and the shadowy Yama Agency counter foreign spies and track domestic dissent. Operatives of the IJA’s Nakano School for intelligence operatives and commandos took the equipment into the field with them. Noborito’s forgers reproduced Chinese currency in an operation to wreck China’s economy. Scientists and technicians tested biological weapons on Chinese prisoners as part of a top-secret project fielded by the IJA’s infamous Unit 731 and developed a virus into a weapon to strike at America’s cattle herds. Others developed bombing balloons to attack the American heartland, a target that lay far beyond Japan’s reach by conventional means. Stephen Mercado provides, in this first book in English on an intelligence organization little known outside Japan, an absorbing account of Noborito’s activities. The author further recounts how, in the shadows of Occupied Japan, Noborito veterans entered US military service in secret, then applied their skills to operations during the Korean War and for years afterwards in the Cold War. Other veterans applied their skills to rebuilding Japan and turning the vanquished empire into a postwar industrial power. This story is one of talented technicians who served their country in war and peace.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YCR8SG5E,2025-08-04,Stephen C. Mercado,Pen and Sword,,2025-08-24T19:30:22Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 534,"The Ottoman Military Intelligence Department and Naval Intelligence, 1914–1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2025.2527479,"During the First World War, the Ottoman Empire recognized that its existence was significantly contingent upon its control of maritime domains. The empire understood that effective intelligence gathering and the prevention of espionage were essential prerequisites for maintaining this control. Consequently, the Second Branch (Intelligence) of the General Staff was charged with this critical responsibility. Following the declaration of war, the Second Branch expanded its mandate beyond mere military intelligence collection to encompass counterespionage, propaganda, censorship and naval intelligence. To fulfil these responsibilities, the branch prepared and disseminated a substantial array of reports derived from a variety of institutional and open sources. The legal foundation for this broadening of duties was established through the implementation of martial law, which conferred upon the military a decision-making authority within the Empire. This article assesses the pivotal role of the Second Branch in naval intelligence, alongside its counter-espionage practices targeting maritime vessels, thereby illuminating a previously neglected aspect of intelligence operations within Ottoman historiography.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SE6QR6J2,2025-07-03,"Somer Alp Şimşeker, Mustafa Yeni",Routledge,The Mariner's Mirror,2025-08-24T19:28:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/00253359.2025.2527479,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413397943,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 535,The role of intelligence in ending the War in Bosnia in 1995,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781498500593/The-Role-of-Intelligence-in-Ending-the-War-in-Bosnia-in-1995,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KQ6R86Q9,2014,Timothy R. Walton,Lexington Books,,2023-01-09T20:28:12Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.5771/9781498500593,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4407553333,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4407553333,2017.0,2025.0,2014.0,,3.0 536,"“Vox clamantis in deserto?” The evolution of Britain’s foreign intelligence and security structures, 1870-1914",Thesis,https://theses.gla.ac.uk/82755/,"This thesis examines the evolutionary process of Britain’s foreign intelligence organisations from 1870 to 1914. There were three main drivers behind the development of British foreign intelligence through this period. These were: the influence of political and administrative culture; the apathy of the military establishment; and the involvement of intelligence officers within policymaking. These latter two steps were guided by the effect of British political and administrative culture. These twin cultural influences informed the character of Britain’s foreign intelligence structures, along with Britain’s nascent intelligence culture, as they adopted state governance principles. Inter-departmentalism, involvement within the ‘committee system’, cooperation, and achieving consensus were, to varying degrees, the defining principles of Britain’s burgeoning intelligence machinery. These principles served to impel the animosity of the military establishment, while facilitating the intelligence institutions’ involvement with the civilian sphere and policymaking. By 1914 Britain’s foreign intelligence structures had become incorporated into the civilian sphere, acting as bridges between the civilian and military spheres of the British state facilitating the flow of information in both directions. This thesis will illustrate how important an influence a nation’s political and administrative culture can be upon the evolution of its intelligence agencies. The period from 1870 to 1914 laid the foundations for the shape and character of Britain’s modern intelligence community, establishing principles and an intelligence culture that persist to this day.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YP4U5SE3,2022-04-06,Adam Gordon,,,2022-12-27T23:22:38Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Glasgow,,,,,,,,, 537,"Britain and the Dhofar War in Oman, 1963–1976: A Covert War in Arabia",Book,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49499-4,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6TLC8VXI,2024-03-17,Geraint Hughes,Springer International Publishing,,2024-02-18T09:03:45Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1007/978-3-031-49499-4,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392880538,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392880538,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-3-031-49499-4/1?pdf=chapter%20toc,1.0 538,The Film Director Who Was a Spy. Jadwiga Plucińska (1908–1999): A Forgotten Pioneer of Polish Documentary Film,Journal article,https://apcz.umk.pl/SDR/article/view/57755,"This article aims to recall Jadwiga Plucińska – a pre-war actress, during the Second World War, a secretary in the Warsaw office of Die Deutsche Wochenschau, and between 1946 and 1959, a director of some twenty documentaries and features for the Polish Newsreel, showing the social, cultural and moral changes first in Poland recovering from the devastation of war (especially in the so-called Recovered Territories), and then during the ‘56 October Thaw. Her career was interrupted in 1959 by her arrest and subsequent five-year imprisonment on a charge of spying for US intelligence. As a result, Plucińska was almost completely forgotten and erased from the pages of Polish cinema history, and her work, withdrawn from distribution since the late 1950s, remains virtually unknown.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PG3UCZG5,2024,Karol Szymański,,Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej,2024-11-13T08:32:35Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.12775/SDR.2024.EN8.04,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4406334160,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://apcz.umk.pl/SDR/article/download/57755/41123, 539,A dataset of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Tweets about the Russo-Ukrainian war,Preprint,http://arxiv.org/abs/2409.01052,"Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) refers to intelligence efforts based on freely available data. It has become a frequent topic of conversation on social media, where private users or networks can share their findings. Such data is highly valuable in conflicts, both for gaining a new understanding of the situation as well as for tracking the spread of misinformation. In this paper, we present a method for collecting such data as well as a novel OSINT dataset for the Russo-Ukrainian war drawn from Twitter between January 2022 and July 2023. It is based on an initial search of users posting OSINT and a subsequent snowballing approach to detect more. The final dataset contains almost 2 million Tweets posted by 1040 users. We also provide some first analyses and experiments on the data, and make suggestions for its future usage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8VF9QH5G,2024-09-02,"Johannes Niu, Mila Stillman, Philipp Seeberger, Anna Kruspe",,,2024-09-06T15:51:16Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",10.48550/arXiv.2409.01052,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4402954309,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.01052, 540,Blockade: From the Maritime to the Continental,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2024.2323499,"British appraisals of blockade during the First World War shifted from projection and naval-centrism, to greater focus on continental sources of supply. This was a result of a pre-war fixation on Britain’s own vulnerability to blockade and shifting intelligence analysis during the war as observers reacted to the blockade in progress. This did not happen only because Germany’s sources of oversea supply had dried up, but because of an increased appreciation for the potential significance of overland supply. Drawing upon a diverse array of government archival sources and personal papers, this article focuses on a series of key episodes and assessments, and will demonstrate the evolution of British blockade appraisals and how British pre-war fears ignored German realities. By 1915, however, British assessment placed more and more emphasis on continental supply – sources which had been barely mentioned in pre-war discussions, but now seemed critical. I re-evaluate some of the existing paradigms surrounding blockade by recasting British grand strategy in terms of naval-centrism transitioning to the continental realities of the First World War. In doing so, I also link disparate elements of British policy, strategy, and operations by showing how they all related to blockade and its assessment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQMQIQY6,2024-07-03,Avram Lytton,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-03-05T07:54:14Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/07075332.2024.2323499,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392293227,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 541,Use and limitations of AI in support of OSINT,Podcast,https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/intelligence-podcasts/post/use-and-limitations-of-ai-in-support-of-osint,"Keith Dear, Managing Director of Fujitsu's Centre for Cognitive and Advanced Technologies, joins Harry Kemsley and Sean Corbett to discuss the use and limitations of AI in support of OSINT. With AI capabilities evolving at an ever increasing speed, they explore what this means for decision makers and analysts and how human and AI can work together.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ISJJVYZ,2023-08-08,"Keith Dear, Sean Corbett",,,2024-01-14T00:30:00Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'LXMU5UXP']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 542,The overlooked importance of intelligence analysis in IHL,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-the-red-cross/article/overlooked-importance-of-intelligence-analysis-in-ihl/30D12C747FCF1BB4A21B92346E58E42E,"Decision-makers rely on intelligence to make targeting decisions that comply with international humanitarian law (IHL), yet the relationship between intelligence and the law is not frequently discussed. This article explores crucial elements of intelligence and intelligence analysis that decision-makers should understand to increase their compliance with IHL, focusing on three crucial decision points: (1) the determination of whether a potential target is a military objective, (2) proportionality in attack analysis, and (3) the taking of effective precautions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HUSPSFKX,2025-01-20,Loren Voss,,International Review of the Red Cross,2025-01-25T07:54:05Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/S1816383124000584,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4406626354,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/30D12C747FCF1BB4A21B92346E58E42E/S1816383124000584a.pdf/div-class-title-the-overlooked-importance-of-intelligence-analysis-in-ihl-div.pdf, 543,Perspective Chapter: Unveiling Stuxnet – A Deep Dive into Memory Forensics for Investigating the Pinnacle of Cyber Espionage,Book chapter,https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/89579,"In today’s civilization, computers are used more and more in many different aspects of Life. Attacks by commercial or governmental entities on military data centres, power grids, and confidential information are on the rise. Cybersecurity experts are required to detect, respond to, and report these types of attacks as well as a range of other computer-related incident responses. If actual evidence had not ever been saved to storage media, disc forensics would seem to be pointless. However, memory has a high probability of containing damaging code from an infection, either fully or partially, even in the event that information is never copied to a hard drive or other storage device. Memory forensics can frequently retrieve encryption keys and passwords from documents that have not been encrypted, as well as plain-text data; this information can be used to determine the extent of an assault. Linux memory forensics is a primary focus area of OS memory forensics. Numerous security flaws exist in Linux. The computer worm Stuxnet was firstly aimed towards Iran’s nuclear facilities, but it has subsequently changed and expanded to other industrial and energy-producing establishments. Forensic memory on research should concentrate on Linux systems and machine learning for improved data processing, as both will be highly beneficial.
",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NH637I6V,2025-02-26,"U. Kumaran, K. Abhishek Reddy, S. T. P. Hayavadan, R. Naga Sai Rupesh, U. Kumaran, K. Abhishek Reddy, S. T. P. Hayavadan, R. Naga Sai Rupesh",IntechOpen,,2025-03-27T09:29:03Z,['8XXD789V'],10.5772/intechopen.115038,The Role of Cybersecurity in the Industry 5.0 Era,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4408027878,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/89579, 544,북한 정권 불확실성에 따른 국가정보원 대공수사권 필요성 분석 [Analysis of the Necessity of the National Intelligence Service's Counterintelligence Investigation Authority Due to Uncertainty in the North Korean Regime],Journal article,https://www.earticle.net/Article/A464346,"At a time when defections are evolving generation after generation due to the uncertainty of the North Korean regime, the abolition of the National Intelligence Service's counterespionage investigation authority is said to be weakening our defense against forces that threaten the basic order of liberal democracy in our society. Although such voices should be discussed more in academia, research on the counterintelligence investigation authority corresponding to Article 7 of the National Security Act is biased, and most research on North Korean defectors to date has been related to their settlement and support in South Korean society. Therefore, this study suggested the necessity of the National Intelligence Service’s counterintelligence investigation authority based on an analysis of the impact of the stress of security police officers protecting 34,000 North Korean defectors who have settled in South Korea as of 2024 on the perception of North Korean defectors. For the purpose of this study, first, frequency analysis was conducted to identify the general characteristics of the security police officers who participated in the study. Second, Cronbach's α coefficient was calculated to verify the reliability of the questionnaire. Third, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore the validity of the stress construct of security police officers. Fourth, correlation analysis was conducted to identify the relative influence between security police officers' stress and their perception of North Korean defectors. Fifth, simple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine whether security police officers' stress affects their perception of North Korean defectors. Sixth, Semi In-Depth Interviews were conducted based on the results of factor analysis (EFA). As a result of the study, the sub-factors of the factor analysis (EFA) on the stress of security police officers were named as ‘work responsibility’, ‘work proportion’, and ‘work instructions’, respectively, and the correlation between the stress of security police officers and North Korean defectors was confirmed to be significant at r=0.553, p=0.000, and the regression analysis result confirmed an explanatory power of 30.6% at =0.306. In addition, in the semi-structured interview, they pointed out the saturated investigative work situation where each security police officer is indiscriminately assigned 40 to 50 cases and the unrealistically harsh working environment where they have to protect 30 to 40 North Korean defectors. This study suggests the basis for the necessity of granting legal authority to the National Intelligence Service as well as the police to exercise counterintelligence investigation authority, considering that although the police have investigated hundreds of cases of intelligence transferred from the National Intelligence Service since the abolition of the service's counterintelligence investigation authority in January 2024, not a single case has actually been handed over to the prosecution, and that Korea is a geopolitical buffer state like Ukraine, given the case in which the gray zone tactics Russia carried out in Ukraine 10 years before the recent Ukraine-Russia war led to war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BH5BC2CW,2025-03-01, 조성구,,시큐리티 연구,2025-03-27T09:30:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 545,Britain’s Spymasters — The Kremlin’s Most Feared Enemy,Blog post,https://cepa.org/article/britains-spymasters-the-kremlins-most-feared-enemy/,A profound anxiety about the British and French espionage capabilities is rooted deep in the Kremlin’s consciousness.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UY4HZYSV,2025-04-08T16:31:55+00:00,"Irina Borogan, Andrei Soldatov",,,2025-04-09T22:33:39Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 546,Encrypted but Exposed: Communications Shortcut Results in Signal-gate,Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/encrypted-but-exposed-communications-shortcut-results-in-signal-gate,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XA7YY78D,2025-04-16,"David V. Gioe, Tony Manganello",,,2025-04-16T09:48:37Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 547,Counterintelligence: Issues and Challenges,Journal article,https://zenodo.org/records/15322573,"Counterintelligence is the knowledge needed for the protection and preservation of the military, economic, political, and socio- cultural strength and values of the state, including the security of the government in domestic and foreign affairs against or from espionage, sabotage and all other clandestine activities designed and aimed at the independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state through the infiltration of foreign agents. Counterintelligence is adopted by the intelligence architecture of state as a supportive and complimentary measure of their primary mission of intelligence collection and analysis to ensure the protection of the state secret from espionage by hostile or unfriendly or even friendly foreign powers. The main purpose or essence of counterintelligence is to uncover and thwart foreign intelligence missions against the state. To this end, Specialists of counterintelligence waged a secret war against antagonistic or unfriendly intelligence service and terrorist organisations. This paper is an analysis of the concept, concerns, goals and challenges of counterintelligence. Using the analytical method and relying mostly on secondary sources, the paper argues that the first responsibility of counterintelligence is to protect classified information that are critical to the national security of the state, ensure physical security which involves keeping secret from all except those who need to be aware of it and providing personnel security which involves making sure that the people who are made aware of the state secrets protect those secrets responsibly. The paper in its findings submit that counterintelligence can be seen in three major perspectives – counterintelligence as a product, counterintelligence as an activity and counterintelligence as an organization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WB33LBIV,2025-04-30,"Dr Peter Sunday Equere, Iniobong Edward Ekong",,"ISA Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (ISAJAHSS)",2025-05-09T23:32:20Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.5281/zenodo.15322573,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W6930625144,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15322573, 548,All-Hazards Intelligence in the Grey Zone and Modern War,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003428701-14/hazards-intelligence-grey-zone-modern-war-david-last-urszula-ja%C5%9Bkiewicz-marzena-%C5%BCakowska,"All-hazards intelligence expands beyond traditional military and security domains to encompass all factors impacting the integrity and security of small states. These include climate change, cyber threats, market fluctuations, and social dynamics. Despite having fewer resources, small states can leverage structured intelligence activities to achieve more than larger neighbors. Small states can effectively manage diverse threats that transcend conventional categories by adopting a holistic approach to intelligence. This research highlights the importance of integrating various intelligence assets, including military, civil, and private sectors, to form a comprehensive intelligence framework. Organizational challenges can impede small states in coordinating diverse sources of intelligence. Effective management of all-hazards intelligence requires balancing integration and compartmentalization to mitigate risks of penetration and manipulation. Despite limited resources, small states can develop robust intelligence capabilities through strategic organization and international cooperation. An all-hazards approach is crucial for modern security, providing a nuanced understanding of the interconnected threats faced by small states in an increasingly complex global landscape.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DM6JFNXE,2025-06-30,"David Last, Urszula Jaśkiewicz, Marzena Żakowska",Routledge,,2025-06-11T20:02:33Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,Modern War and Grey Zones,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 549,Decolonizing Global Intelligence: Emerging Intelligence Trends and the Practice of Inclusive Statecraft,Book,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003310822,"From September 11 to the calamitous withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan, Western intelligence has failed to negotiate the largest military and humanitarian crises across the world. This book proposes to decolonize global intelligence from the peripheries of the Global South and put forward a new intelligence practice of ‘inclusive statecraft’. It shows how dominant Western intelligence systems have failed to protect the very ideas they promised to uphold and the discrepancy between the West’s ‘Responsibility to Protect (R2P)’ liberalist doctrine and the realist on-the-ground complex reality as observed by the ‘Failure to Protect (F2P)’ scholarships. Drawing theoretical insights and empirical (both historical and contemporary) materials from a wide array of case studies of Western and non-Western intelligence settings and practices as well as their interactions, it argues that the next generation of global security and intelligence practitioners will necessitate genuine interracial, non-anthropocentric and cross-cultural inclusivity, especially the capability to take the non-Western intelligence cultures and their realist strategic thoughts seriously. This book will not just add new knowledge to the larger field of security and intelligence studies, but will also pioneer the relatively underdeveloped fields of comparative intelligence cultures, and interstellar intelligence/cultural studies. It will be indispensable for policymakers, bureaucrats and government officials.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MV9PVWRU,2025-07-24,Pak Nung Wong,Routledge India,,2025-06-11T20:03:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.4324/9781003310822,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411036332,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 550,The Intelligence Community’s Politicization: Dueling to Discredit | Council on Foreign Relations,Blog post,https://www.cfr.org/article/intelligence-communitys-politicization-dueling-discredit,"Partisans on both sides have claimed the intelligence community is gravely politicized. This threatens the integrity of U.S. intelligence assessments that make them trustworthy—and that, in turn, endangers U.S. national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TK2LC5H8,2025-08-21,Richard K. Betts,,,2025-08-23T12:28:18Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 551,AI and Early Warning Systems: Technology Innovation for National Security,Book,https://www.rienner.com/title/AI_and_Early_Warning_Systems_Technology_Innovation_for_National_Security,"From the September 11 attacks to the coronavirus pandemic, recent deficiencies in early warning systems have been jolting, reflecting startling failures of intelligence and security decisionmaking. Can technological innovation remedy the flaws in threat detection? If so, how? Robert Mandel argues that the answer lies in a hybrid system—""human-in-the-loop"" artificial intelligence—and demonstrates through diverse case studies when and how such a system can facilitate the right security-maximizing choices to meet both intelligence and defense needs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I29B5XFM,2025,Robert Mandel,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2025-08-23T12:17:30Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 552,Response to Gentry,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2527107,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WK5FAHYB,2025-08-14,Oliver Kearns,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-08-23T12:12:37Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2527107,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W7126263499,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 553,Defeating Hezbollah: Surface Area Vulnerabilities of Hard Targets,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2544057,"While Hezbollah began as an ideologically cohesive and virtually impenetrable entity, its evolution into a bureaucratic, transnational actor created vulnerabilities across its personnel, communications, logistics, and political networks. These vulnerabilities, holistically described using the concept of a surface area, can be systematically mapped and exploited through a series of definable vulnerabilities. Drawing on historical examples and recent Israeli operations, including the 2024 campaign against Hezbollah, can illustrate how traditional espionage methods, enhanced by artificial intelligence, have transformed Hezbollah’s dynamically changing surface area into an increasingly exploitable attack surface. Hezbollah’s bureaucratic drift, reactive vetting procedures, and technological adaptations lack sufficient counterintelligence foresight and have left Hezbollah exposed to strategic penetration. Ultimately, the surface area concept provides a diagnostic tool for both practitioners and theorists, demonstrating how hybrid militant organizations can be better analyzed, mapped, and undermined by leveraging their evolving vulnerabilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A7GY242R,2025-08-22,"Blake Mobley, Carl Anthony Wege",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-08-23T12:11:31Z,['AKVWM8BZ'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2544057,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413411912,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 554,"Espionage cost Australia $12.5 billion in 2023-24, ASIO boss Mike Burgess says",Magazine article,http://theconversation.com/espionage-cost-australia-12-5-billion-in-2023-24-asio-boss-mike-burgess-says-262349,The spy chief also confirmed that in 2022 a number of “undeclared Russian intelligence officers” were removed from Australia.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GUXJXQV7,2025-07-31,Michelle Grattan,,The Conversation,2025-08-23T12:03:12Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.64628/AA.tkn6tqqdw,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413404384,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 555,Chinese national accused under foreign interference law of spying on Buddhists,Magazine article,http://theconversation.com/chinese-national-accused-under-foreign-interference-law-of-spying-on-buddhists-262032,"Australian Federal Police arrested a Chinese Natioanl on Saturday, after searching homes in Canberra.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TEPYAHET,2025-08-04,Michelle Grattan,,The Conversation,2025-08-23T12:02:51Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.64628/AA.jewtr5ej4,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413368495,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 556,Intelligence Activities in the function of National Security in Croatia,Journal article,https://www.croris.hr/crosbi/publikacija/prilog-casopis/891662,"This paper examines the role of intelligence operations as one of the pillars of national security in the context of contemporary challenges such as hybrid warfare, cyberattacks, organized crime, and terrorism. Through comparative analysis, case studies, and a descriptive methodological approach, the research analyzes the intelligence system of the Republic of Croatia and compares it to the established models of the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany. Special focus is placed on the intelligence cycle and the application of strategic analysis in security-related decision-making. The findings show that Croatia has developed a stable and functional system comprising the Security and Intelligence Agency (SOA), the Military Security and Intelligence Agency (VSOA), and the Office of the National Security Council (UVNS). However, the system faces challenges related to technological modernization, the need for specialized analytical capacities, and stronger parliamentary oversight. The comparison with the U.S. and German systems highlights the importance of enhancing cyber capabilities, increasing transparency, and establishing AI-driven analytical centers capable of processing complex data for early threat detection. The study concludes that further development of intelligence strategies and expansion of international cooperation are essential for effectively responding to new security threats, while maintaining democratic values and institutional accountability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SS3V3P9L,2025,Sveučilšni računski centar- Srce,,National security and the future,2025-08-01T19:13:02Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.37458/nstf.26.2.2,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412729854,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.37458/nstf.26.2.2, 557,Russian ‘special military operation’ as a failed coup de main. An intelligence analysis perspective,Journal article,https://ejournals.eu/czasopismo/przeglad-bezpieczenstwa-wewnetrznego/artykul/russian-special-military-operation-as-a-failed-coup-de-main-an-intelligence-analysis-perspective,"Serdecznie witamy na eJournals. Portalu Czasopism Naukowych! eJournals to nie tylko platforma do publikowana online, ale również doświadczony zespół Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego oferujący wsparcie dla Redakcji czasopism w zakresie prowadzenia i rozwoju Czasopisma. Misją eJournals jest wspieranie polskich naukowców oraz zapewnienie przedstawicielom redakcji Czasopism profesjonalnej pomocy w ciągłym podnoszeniu ich poziomu i utrzymaniu wysokich standardów światowych. Wdrażanie międzynarodowych standardów i dobrych praktyk wraz z nowoczesnymi narzędziami publikowania może wpływać na bardziej skuteczne aplikowanie do naukowych baz danych, zwiększanie liczby cytowań, sprawniejszą migrację danych w bazach naukowych i budowanie lepszej widoczności w sieci. Wspieramy Redakcje w działaniach z zakresu informacji naukowej w celu stałego podnoszenia prestiżu Czasopism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B2S6SEWS,2025-08-14,"Marek Klasa, Michał Klasa",,Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego,2025-08-23T11:53:28Z,['Y959U28A'],10.4467/20801335PBW.25.015.22181,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413286275,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://ejournals.eu/pliki_artykulu_czasopisma/pelny_tekst/0198a8bd-f8f8-7260-b1f7-d9d6e316b040/pobierz, 558,"Planning, Strategy, and Military Intelligence",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781003081081-15/planning-strategy-military-intelligence-david-bachrach-bernard-bachrach,"The leaders of societies across the globe in our period had to decide how best to protect their polities or take action against their adversaries. Decisions at this level required the development of vast quantities of information about these adversaries, about a polity’s own resources, and the subsequent analysis of this information to determine the actions that were most likely to result in success. Once these decisions were made, rulers and their officials had to develop plans of action that resulted in the mobilization of tremendous human, financial, and material resources over a period of many years. The investigator’s ability to analyze these decisions depends on the source materials available from a particular place and time. These range from the exceptional quantity and a variety of written and material sources that survive from China in our period, to polities in Africa and the Americas for which we have no written sources at all. In these latter cases, historians, anthropologists, and archaeologists have to work cooperatively to develop insights from surviving material sources of information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2D9YT2T,2025-09-30,"David S. Bachrach, Bernard S. Bachrach",Routledge,,2025-08-23T11:51:27Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,Warfare in the Global Middle Ages,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 559,Counterintelligence Warfare: Putting Info Warheads on Spy Foreheads,Blog post,https://news.clearancejobs.com/?p=1153573,It’s past time to stop treating counterintelligence (CI) like a legal compliance back office. It's a warfighting discipline.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2NRMTXZ,2025-08-20T19:30:59+00:00,Shane McNeil,,,2025-08-22T12:24:12Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 560,The Triumph of Fear: Domestic Surveillance and Political Repression from McKinley to Eisenhower,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/The-Triumph-of-Fear,"A history with surprising new revelations about the depths of government surveillance and constitutional rights abuses In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, anarchist and socialist political movements spurred the expansion of nascent US federal surveillance capabilities. But it was the ensuing, decades-long persistent exaggerations of domestic political threats that drove an exponential increase in the size and scope of unlawful government surveillance and related political repression, which continue to the present. The Triumph of Fear is a history of the rise and expansion of surveillance-enabled political repression in the United States from the 1890s to 1961. Drawing on declassified government documents and other primary sources, many obtained via dozens of Freedom of Information Act lawsuits and analyzed for the first time, Eddington offers historians, legal scholars, and general readers surprising new revelations about the depths of government surveillance programs and how this domestic spying helped fuel federal assaults on free speech and association.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DY3BN8J2,2025-04-01,Patrick G. Eddington,Georgetown University Press,,2025-08-20T16:18:51Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 561,A BRIEF LOOK AT AMERICAN INTELLIGENCE: ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL APPROACHES,Book chapter,https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=1359475,"The US intelligence system has several notable features that differ significantly from other national systems. These particularities were initially observed and exposed by former CIA directors (but not only) during the Cold War years. Later, the functionalities and peculiarities of the American intelligence system began to be the subject of some studies carried out mainly by political science researchers. All these contributions outline what the specialized literature named the American approach to intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V9FNVPRR,2025,Dan Roman,Editura Universităţii Vasile Goldiş,,2025-08-18T13:55:18Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Security Challenges in an Interconnected World,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 562,Public Intelligence in Public Diplomacy: U.S. Strategic Intelligence Sharing in the New Age of Great Power Competition,Journal article,https://folyoirat.ludovika.hu/index.php/nbsz/article/view/8039,"This paper examines the evolution of intelligence sharing as a tool of public diplomacy through analysis of two recent cases: the U.S. intelligence disclosures preceding Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine and the 2023 Chinese surveillance balloon incident. Drawing on declassified documents and contemporary reporting, the article demonstrates how intelligence sharing has transformed from a purely operational tool into a sophisticated instrument of public diplomacy. The paper reveals distinct approaches to intelligence disclosure: systematic pre-emptive sharing in Ukraine versus rapid crisis response during the balloon incident. Both cases, however, demonstrate the U.S. Intelligence Community’s growing sophistication in balancing operational security with strategic communication needs. Through comparative analysis, the article identifies key patterns in how intelligence sharing can shape international narratives, build coalition support, and counter adversary messaging while maintaining credibility and protecting sources. This evolution in intelligence sharing practices, formalised in U.S. Intelligence Community Directive 405, represents a significant development in how intelligence services engage with both foreign governments and public audiences in an era of digital information warfare and great power competition.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X38PXRYP,2025-08-15,Lóránt Szabolcs,,Nemzetbiztonsági Szemle,2025-08-18T13:54:28Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.32561/nsz.2025.2.1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413300977,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://folyoirat.ludovika.hu/index.php/nbsz/article/download/8039/6489, 563,Under röd himmel : Spökraketer och rysskräck i ett hotbildspolitiskt maktspel vid kalla krigets inledningsfas 1946 [Under a red sky: Ghost rockets and fear of Russia in a political power game based on threats during the early stages of the Cold War in 1946],Thesis,https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-106224,"This study examines the threat posed by the so-called ghost rockets in Sweden during 1946. Over a thousand sightings of unusual phenomena in the sky, such as light orbs and objects shaped like rockets, were reported to Swedish newspapers and the Swedish Defense Department. Fear of a Soviet invasion, therefore, was brought by the media and the Swedish Intelligence Agency. The aim of the study is not to explain the phenomena of ghost rockets. Instead, this study examines how the threat of the phenomena was produced and understood in the light of heightened bipolarity between the West and the East, as well as a long-established fear of Russia (in Swedish, rysskräck). It also discusses how the threat of the ghost rockets was utilized as a resource by the Defense Department, contributing to increased collaboration with the English War Office and consequently shifting Sweden’s neutrality policy towards the West. The study uses two distinct yet interrelated source materials: digitized newspaper clippings and previously classified reports from the Swedish Intelligence Agency. Through discourse analysis, the results show that the threat of ghost rockets can be categorized into two types of threats: an empirical threat and a normative threat. The empirical threat was presented by reports about crashed rockets in the northern part of Sweden, and the normative threat suggested that the rockets were Soviet-developed Vergeltungswaffe (“retaliation weapon”) from the Soviet-occupied Peenemünde. Despite many efforts to track and retrieve the supposed rockets, none could be found. The uncertainty of the ghost rockets thus led the Swedish Defense Department to establish connections with the English War Office, which eventually made deals with modern radar technology from Great Britain possible. The author claims that the ghost rockets of 1946 in Sweden became part of the geopolitical tension between West and East at the onset of the Cold War era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZVTWI4Y6,2025,Mikaela Andersson,,,2025-08-17T08:09:50Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Master's Thesis,Karlstad University,,,,,,,,, 564,Disinformation and Subversion: Tracing a Definition from National Security Threat to Silly Little Lies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2528105,"The definition of disinformation has evolved over the last several decades, shifting from its Cold War origins as a tool of national security subversion to a broader concept encompassing misinformation, propaganda, and fake news. This article traces the transformation of disinformation, analyzing its historical and contemporary interpretations while highlighting its strategic role in shaping public perception and political discourse. By situating disinformation within frameworks of psychological warfare, information warfare, and cognitive manipulation, this study examines its deployment in social media environments and geopolitical conflicts. The article further explores mechanisms of narrative control, including the techniques of dazzle, fog of war, and availability heuristics, illustrating how disinformation disrupts critical thinking and decisionmaking processes. Ultimately, this work argues that understanding disinformation in its full historical and operational context is essential for developing effective countermeasures, including media and information literacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MGV8Q7N4,2025-08-13,"Carol E. B. Choksy, Teresa Yu",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-08-17T08:08:19Z,['MQMHZUFD'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2528105,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413162468,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 565,"Intelligence Requirements For Cyber Defense, Critical Infrastructure And Energy Security In Greece",Journal article,https://www.nsf-journal.hr/nsf-volumes/intelligence-systems/id/1176,"The end of the Cold War more than a decade ago created a world in which the relative stability between the two superpowers has disappeared. During the Cold War, a country’s every action was conducted in the light of the adversary relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. The cataclysmic changes that took place in Central and Eastern Europe as well as the Arab Spring in North Africa and Middle East changed the face of politics in Europe and in the Western world as a whole.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R8F5LYVW,2016,John M. Nomikos,,National Security and the Future,2025-06-14T11:21:46Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 566,"“Among the World’s Most Powerful”: Analyzing the Evolution of Iran’s Cyber Espionage, Disruption, and Information Operations Capabilities",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2025.2545790,"Following the profound humiliation of Stuxnet, Iran redoubled its focus on developing cyber capabilities to retaliate against adversaries and to promote its national interests. Drawing on technical intelligence products from leading cybersecurity firms, this research note examines the evolution of Iranian cyber operations capabilities in three specific subdomains: cyber espionage, cyber disruption, and information operations. Using case studies of Iran-attributed cyber campaigns, this analysis highlights the increasing sophistication of Iranian tradecraft since its initial foray into this domain in 2009 and argues that Iran has become one of the most capable cyber actors on the world stage today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6KUZ3BCE,2025-08-12,Kenny Vo,Routledge,Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,2025-08-15T10:12:47Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/1057610X.2025.2545790,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413194719,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 567,Espionage costs Australia more than $12.5 billion a year: ASIO shows us the receipts,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/espionage-costs-australia-more-than-12-5-billion-a-year-asio-shows-us-the-receipts/,"Spying by nation states is not new, and despite our geography, Australia has never been immune. This was made abundantly clear in a unique study, released last night by Director-General of Security Mike Burgess. Thanks ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KSP7ECAS,2025-08-01T02:00:36+00:00,Chris Taylor,,,2025-08-13T20:29:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 568,Further reforms required for parliamentary oversight of intelligence agencies,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/further-reforms-required-for-parliamentary-oversight-of-intelligence-agencies/,"Reforms outlined in a July ASPI report, aimed at strengthening the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security’s (PJCIS), are insufficient. The recommendations don’t go far enough to fully address concerns around parliamentary oversight of ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8NMKMVH7,2025-08-03T20:00:18+00:00,Kate Grayson,,,2025-08-13T20:28:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 569,"Foiling espionage and foreign interference is a national, not just government, task",Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/foiling-espionage-and-foreign-interference-is-a-national-not-just-government-task/,"Australia’s jewels are being stolen—and yet we’re still leaving the front door open. Foreign espionage has cost the nation more than A$12.5 billion in a single year, according to new estimates from the Australian Security ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VMPAYSED,2025-08-11T23:00:57+00:00,James Corera,,,2025-08-13T20:28:41Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 570,How spy agencies are experimenting with the newest AI models,Magazine article,https://www.economist.com/international/2025/07/29/how-spy-agencies-are-experimenting-with-the-newest-ai-models,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EAK36B5B,2025-07-29,The Economist,,The Economist,2025-08-13T20:27:30Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 571,Agent 202: New Secrets Emerge on an American Who Spied for Cuba,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/lk/podcast/agent-202-new-secrets-emerge-on-an-american-who/id201680433?i=1000719624393,"Codenamed ""Agent 202,"" Kendall Myers went undetected as a spy for Cuba for nearly 30 years. He worked at the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, secretly spying for Cuba out of an earnest love for the island, its people, and their leader Fidel Castro. Myers was caught in 2009, after he retired. State Department Security Specialist and former Diplomatic Security Special Agent Bill Stowell was part of the team that worked the case. He shared new exclusive details with SpyCast, as Myers continues to serve a life sentence for espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9I7S7HYE,2025-07-29,Bill Stowell,,,2025-08-13T20:26:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 572,Lethal Dissent: Iran’s Spy Games in Turkey,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/cy/podcast/lethal-dissent-irans-spy-games-in-turkey/id201680433?i=1000720710720,"Washington and Tehran have a long and complicated history, with tensions that rise, fall and then rise again. Just this summer, we watched the U.S. and Israel strike Iran’s nuclear infrastructure. This month, SpyCast is bringing you a series of special episodes on Iran, looking back and forward, to unveil the country’s intelligence priorities, capabilities, and tactics. First in our series is Fariba Nawa. She's a journalist who shows us that if you want to learn about Iranian intelligence, one of the best places to look is Turkey. It may be a member of NATO, but it's also a country where Iranian dissidents flee because of their shared border. And as Tehran tries to lure certain Iranians back, Israel tries to recruit them. It's a complex, deadly game that Fariba has been bravely documenting through the podcast Lethal Dissent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V6TSHS2Q,2025-08-05,Fariba Nawa,,,2025-08-13T20:24:16Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 573,"Chasing Shadows: Cyber Espionage, Subversion, and the Global Fight for Democracy",Book,https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Chasing-Shadows/Ronald-J-Deibert/9781668014042,"Like a John Le Carré novel updated for the digital age, Chasing Shadows provides a gripping account of how the Citizen Lab, the world’s foremost digital watchdog, has uncovered dozens of cyber espionage cases and protects people in countries around the world. Called “essential reading” by Margaret Atwood, it’s a chilling reminder of the invisible invasions happening on smartphones and computers around the world. In this real-life spy thriller, cyber security expert Ronald Deibert details the unseemly marketplace for high-tech surveillance, professional disinformation, and computerized malfeasance. He reveals how his team of digital sleuths at the Citizen Lab have lifted the lid on dozens of covert operations targeting innocent citizens everywhere. Chasing Shadows provides a front-row seat to a dark underworld of digital espionage, disinformation, and subversion. There, autocrats and dictators peer into their targets’ lives with the mere press of a button, spreading their tentacles of authoritarianism through a digital ecosystem that is insecure, poorly regulated, and prone to abuse. The activists, opposition figures, and journalists who dare to advocate for basic political rights and freedoms are hounded, arrested, tortured, and sometimes murdered. From the gritty streets of Guatemala City to the corridors of power in the White House, this compelling narrative traces the journey of the Citizen Lab as it evolved into a globally renowned source of counterintelligence for civil society. As this small team of investigators disarmed cyber mercenaries and helped to improve the digital security of billions of people worldwide, their success brought them, too, into the same sinister crosshairs that plagued the victims they worked to protect. Deibert recounts how the Lab exposed the world’s pre-eminent cyber-mercenary firm, Israel-based NSO Group—the creators of the phone-hacking marvel Pegasus—in a series of human rights abuses, from domestic spying scandals in Spain, Poland, Hungary, and Greece to its implication in the murder of Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi in 2018.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZHZU3JTI,2025-04-02,Ronald J. Deibert,Simon & Schuster,,2025-08-13T20:21:49Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 574,The use of artificial intelligence for information campaigns in wartime: Visual tools for countering disinformation,Journal article,https://jrnl.knutd.edu.ua/index.php/techeng/article/view/1821,"In the context of the modern information war, the development of effective methods to counter disinformation and hostile propaganda has become critically important. The amount of false information and the speed of its dissemination necessitated the implementation of automated systems involving artificial intelligence to optimise the processes of creating visual counter-propaganda content. This research aimed to develop a methodology for the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into the processes of creating effective visual tools for countering disinformation, taking into account the principles of graphic design and the psychology of visual information perception. The research was based on a comprehensive approach that combined theoretical analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of the neural networks Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and DALL-E, semiotic analysis of visual materials, as well as experimental implementation of the developed system for the automated creation of counter-propaganda visual content. A comprehensive approach has been developed for the creation of visual tools to counter disinformation, which combines the capabilities of automated information collection systems, artificial intelligence algorithms for generating graphic content, and the principles of effective graphic design. It has been found that the use of artificial intelligence in graphic design has optimised up to 20% of routine tasks in the creation of visual content, allowing designers to focus on the strategic and creative aspects of development. The developed recommendations for the use of artificial intelligence in graphic design may be implemented by state institutions, media, and public organisations to respond promptly to information threats",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3URFN9V6,2025-07-31,Vladyslav Shchuka,,Technologies and Engineering,2025-08-13T20:18:49Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'MQMHZUFD']",10.30857/2786-5371.2025.2.8,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412788443,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://jrnl.knutd.edu.ua/index.php/techeng/article/download/1821/1762, 575,The CIA Book Club: The Best Kept Secret of the Cold War,Book,https://harpercollins.co.uk/products/the-cia-book-club-charlie-english,"This is the astonishing story of the ten million books that US intelligence smuggled across the Iron Curtain during the Cold War. From copies of Orwell to Agatha Christie, the Western effort was to undermine the censorship of the Soviet bloc, offer different visions of thought and culture to the people, and build relationships with real readers in the East. Historian Charlie English follows the characters of the era, with Bucharest-born George Minden at the narrative’s heart. Tasked with masterminding the effort, Minden understood both sides of the story: he was opposed to the intellectual straightjacket created by the communist system, but he also resented the Americans’ patronising tone – the people weren’t fooled by what their puppet governments were saying, but they did need culture, diversity of thought, entertainment, art, reassurance and solidarity. This is how the perilous mission to bring books as beacons of hope played out, told in riveting detail.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5A86SRG3,2025-03-13,Charlie English,Harper Collins Publishers,,2025-08-13T20:17:16Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 576,The Intelligence Impact of the Newspapers at «Georgia Mail» and “The Trans-Caucasian Post” on the Political and Military Security of the Democratic Republic of Georgia,Journal article,https://journals.4science.ge/index.php/sociopolitologos/article/view/3963,"The press has been and continues to be a key instrument for the implementation of «soft power». One of the primary objectives of intelligence operations, apart from the acquisition of information, is the dissemination of misinformation and propaganda. This practice, which was initially employed through printed media in the early 20th century, posed a significant threat. Governments responded by implementing measures to combat this threat, including the closure of newspapers and censorship within the country. Propaganda efforts were then directed towards audiences, serving the interests of specific parties. In the case of the Democratic Republic of Georgia, there is virtually no government censorship. This situation occurred since the country was unable to administratively control certain regions, such as Adjara and Meskhetia, which allowed foreign intelligence services to operate freely, including disseminating disinformation and engaging in propaganda activities. The objective of our research is to examine the role of the press(«The Georgian Mail») in Georgia during the period from 1919 to 1921 as a tool for political propaganda and the dissemination of false information. To confirm our position, we selected Georgian-language newspapers («Government of Georgia», «Georgia», «Unity», «The People's Cause»). The findings of this research have significant implications for the development of textbooks on international relations and historical studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VEEA5B6F,2025-08-04,"Bakari Grdzelishvili, David Kukhalashvili",,SOCIOPOLITOLOGOS,2025-08-13T20:16:26Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.52340/splogos.2025.02.03,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413005951,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://journals.4science.ge/index.php/sociopolitologos/article/download/3963/4008, 577,How US intelligence and anti-communism have shaped Turkish Politics to this day,Report,https://www.cespi.it/en/ricerche/how-us-intelligence-and-anti-communism-have-shaped-turkish-politics-day,"This paper examines the enduring influence of U.S. intelligence and anti-communist strategy on Turkish politics. From the early Republic’s repression of leftist movements to the CIA-backed rise of far-right forces like the Grey Wolves, Türkiye's political trajectory has been shaped by Cold War dynamics and covert interventions. The author argues that this legacy continues under Erdoğan, whose consolidation of power is facilitated by historical suppression of the left and strategic ties with the West. Europe, facing a shifting global order, must reassess its dependence on Türkiye and the U.S., and assert a sovereign, democratic foreign policy rooted in law and values.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DHIYNMHG,2025-07-01,James Mulvenon,,,2025-08-13T17:27:03Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 578,STEVAN DEDIJER IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE STATE SECURITY SERVICE FROM MID-1950s TO MID-1980s,Journal article,https://istorija20veka.rs/stevan-dedijer-in-the-documents-of-the-state-security-service-from-mid-1950s-to-mid-1980s-eng/,"Stevan Dedijer was born in 1911 in Sarajevo. His father was Jevto, a geographer, and his brother Vladimir, a historian and journalist. He was educated in prominent international schools in Rome and the USA, and from 1930 to 1934 he studied theoretical physics at Princeton University. He joined the Communist Party in the USA in 1936. During the Second World War, as a volunteer of the American army, he participated in the battles in the Netherlands and Belgium at the end of 1944. At the beginning of 1945, he came to Yugoslavia and engaged in journalistic, translation and intelligence work. From 1950 to 1954, he worked at the Institute in Vinča near Belgrade on the Yugoslav leadership’s attempt to master the technology of nuclear bomb production. When Milovan Đilas fell from power in January 1955 due to attempts to democratize and liberalize the Yugoslav system, his views were supported by Stevan and his brother Vladimir, a member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia Central Committee. In 1954, Stevan Dedijer was dismissed from the position of director of the Institute in Vinča, and in 1956 he was fired and moved to the Ruđer Bošković Institute in Zagreb. He was also fired in Zagreb in 1957. Since then, he translated, wrote articles and tried to go abroad, which he succeeded only in 1961. Since then, he lived in Sweden, as a professor at the University of Lund, a consultant to the Swedish and other governments and a lecturer at several universities. He was engaged in intelligence research for the needs of science and technology development. From time to time, he came to Yugoslavia for vacations, and during the 1980s he came more and more often and eventually settled as a pensioner in Dubrovnik, where he lived until his death in 2004. Since 1954, Dedijer was monitored by State Security Service (UDB) in Belgrade, and in 1956, the monitoring continued by the UDB in Zagreb. He was monitored as a “đilasovac” (Milovan Đilas follower), and then as an associate of the American and British intelligence services. After going abroad in 1961, he was monitored occasionally when he arrived in the country and during 1980s the surveillance was renewed. The reports and submissions of UDB associates contain detailed information about his movements, contacts with people, conversations and views on internal and external issues of socialist Yugoslavia, Marxist theory and the views of Milovan Đilas. The documentation is consolidated in his file, which is kept in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B4G2TBGB,2025-04-30,"Dragomir Bondžić, Martin Previšić",,Časopis „Istorija 20. veka“,2025-08-13T17:25:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.29362/ist20veka.2025.2.bon.439-464,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412821537,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4412821537,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2025.2.bon.439-464,1.0 579,Misreading Statehood: Intelligence Failures in the War on Terror,Thesis,http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/9189928,"This thesis explores why Western intelligence systematically misjudged regime fragility in Afghanistan and Iraq during the War on Terror. It argues that the key failures arose not from missing information but from deeply embedded Weberian assumptions about statehood, which framed these regimes as coherent, institutional, and sovereign despite their fragmented and externally supported realities. Employing theory-driven process tracing and a structured coding scheme on primary sources, the study shows how these assumptions shaped interpretation and obscured risks of collapse. As an alternative, it introduces Charles Tilly’s model of state formation—focused on coercion, capital, and worldviews—and assesses how its absence contributed to strategic blind spots. In Afghanistan, intelligence misread a foreign-backed shell as a state; in Iraq, it failed to grasp the social foundations sustaining the regime despite dismantling coercive structures. This reframes intelligence failure as a theoretical, rather than informational, problem. The findings suggest that anticipating collapse requires not more data but a fundamentally different conceptual framework.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EIH4VCBH,2025,Dana Alkabi,,,2025-08-11T07:16:15Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,BA,Lund University,,,,,,,,, 580,Intelligence Studies Beyond the Shadows: Civilian Higher Education and the Democratization of Security Knowledge in Türkiye,Conference paper,https://avesis.pa.edu.tr/yayin/32a4a9b7-6d2b-4ab8-9b72-f0a0d800deb3/intelligence-studies-beyond-the-shadows-civilian-higher-education-and-the-democratization-of-security-knowledge-in-turkiye,"This paper examines the growing integration of intelligence studies into civilian higher education in Türkiye, analyzing how institutions are training a new generation of students to navigate complex security landscapes through interdisciplinary, evidence-based curricula. Unlike traditional models, programs at institutions like the Turkish National Police Academy, the National Defense University, the Gendarmerie and the Coastal Guard Academy, and finally the National Intelligence Academy, along with several private universities, emphasize civilian-based perspectives, cybersecurity ethics, and conflict analysis, blending theoretical frameworks with practical skills such as data literacy and crisis simulation. This study argues that Türkiye’s civilian intelligence pedagogy reflects a dual imperative: democratizing security knowledge for public engagement while addressing transnational challenges, such as disinformation and hybrid threats. The paper highlights how these programs prioritize empirical methodologies for security. This research contributes to global debates on security pedagogy by showcasing Türkiye’s role in redefining intelligence studies as a public good, one that balances technical proficiency with democratic accountability in an era of pervasive insecurity.Keywords: Intelligence Studies, Higher Education, Türkiye, Civilian Training, Security Pedagogy",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FYDVUIHJ,2025-07-29,A. L. P. Arslan,,,2025-08-10T19:18:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 581,THE MIDDLE EAST - A SPACE OF CONFRONTATION FOR THE INTELLIGENCE SERVICES,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1355066,"The Middle East is one of the most complex and volatile regions of the world, characterized by protracted conflicts, political instability, and a complicated web of alliances and enemies. In this context, intelligence services have become essential players in managing threats, protecting national security and influencing geopolitical dynamics. These agencies are crucial not only for internal security, but also for responding to external challenges, such as terrorism,the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and cyber threats. This study looks at the role of intelligence services in the Middle East, their structures, their goals and the impact they have on the region and the world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MICP9NHJ,2025,Alice-Raimonda Colan,Editura Academiei Oamenilor de Știință din România,Annals – Series on Military Sciences,2025-08-10T08:36:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 582,Sovereignty and Surveillance in Cold War India,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/dh/dhaf052,"Paul McGarr opens his work with a reference from John le Carré’s Smiley’s People, recounting the brief meeting between George Smiley and his Soviet counterpart, Karla, in a sweltering Indian jail. As McGarr ably demonstrates, the Anglo-American intelligence world certainly had an interest in South Asia, though, like the Smiley episode, this attention did not translate into definite results most of the time, nor did either participant feel comfortable at home in India.The encounter between Smiley and Karla in India in the 1950s does underline the fact that both British and US intelligence operatives and planners saw post-independence India as a fertile ground for carrying out Cold War propaganda and provocations (the Soviet services agreed). As McGarr notes, these activities did not take place in a vacuum, but instead in an India striving both to establish itself as a non-aligned power, and to protect itself from regional rivals like Pakistan and China. From Jawaharlal Nehru on, Indian politicians seemed willing to publicly condemn any neo-imperial Western attempts to influence India, but at the same time, they relied on these intelligence services to provide vital information. At one point in 1974 the Indian government was simultaneously trying to expel US citizens accused of espionage, and inquiring behind closed doors if the CIA director might visit New Delhi to forge a closer relationship between his and the Indian intelligence service. India was hardly the first, or only, post-colonial state to grapple with, and improvise on, its relations with former colonial rulers to access resources without publicly compromising themselves.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/46YMG6XN,2025-08-07,Andrew Muldoon,,Diplomatic History,2025-08-10T08:35:57Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1093/dh/dhaf052,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413109668,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 583,Wings of war: how open-source intelligence reveals the impact of warfare in Ukraine amid global avian biodiversity decline,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2025.2531125,"In this era of massive biodiversity loss, birds hold the dubious distinction of being at the forefront. Currently, 21% of avian species are vulnerable to extinction, and 6.5% are functionally extinct. Climate change, habitat destruction, pollution, and direct killing are well-known factors contributing to declines in bird populations. In contrast, threats such as human warfare remain under-investigated, likely due to the common assumption that birds, owing to their ability to fly, can easily escape war-affected areas. Additionally, the fate of birds during most wars has been poorly documented, hindered by challenges in systematic data collection and limited human interest in avian victims of military conflict. Here, we use Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) to investigate the situation of avifauna in war-affected areas of Ukraine. We present evidence that birds, including some of the most vulnerable species in the region – such as eagles, owls, avocets, flamingos, and pelicans – despite mobility, remain in areas affected by intense military activities and become their victims. Fidelity to breeding grounds and migration routes may exert a stronger influence than the adverse environmental conditions caused by war. Our study highlights warfare as a significant, yet under-recognized, contributor to avifaunal decline. While active conservation is limited during wartime, documenting bird losses and collecting field data can support future restoration and protection efforts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UU5DLZQJ,2025-12-31,"Ewa Węgrzyn, Konrad Leniowski, Ivan Rusev, Iryna Miedviedieva, Natalia Tańska, Alexander A. Kagalo",Taylor and Francis,The European Zoological Journal,2025-08-10T08:13:31Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/24750263.2025.2531125,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413040857,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4413040857,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/24750263.2025.2531125?needAccess=true,0.0 584,The Pueblo Incident: A Spy Ship and the Failure of American Foreign Policy,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700612963/,"“Remember, you are not going out there to start a war,” Rear Admiral Frank Johnson reminded Commander Pete Bucher just prior to the maiden voyage of the U.S.S. Pueblo. And yet a war—one that might have gone nuclear—was what nearly happened when the Pueblo was attacked and captured by North Korean gunships in January 1968. Diplomacy prevailed in the end, but not without great cost to the lives of the imprisoned crew and to a nation already mired in an unwinnable war in Vietnam. The Pueblo was an aging cargo ship poorly refurbished as a signals intelligence collector for the top-secret Operation Clickbeetle. It was sent off with a first-time captain, an inexperienced crew, and no back-up, and was captured well before the completion of its first mission. Ignored for a quarter of a century, the Pueblo incident has been the subject of much polemic but no scholarly scrutiny. Mitchell Lerner now examines for the first time the details of this crisis and uses the incident as a window through which to better understand the limitations of American foreign policy during the Cold War. Drawing on thousands of pages of recently declassified documents from President Lyndon Johnson’s administration, along with dozens of interviews with those involved, Lerner provides the most complete and accurate account of the Pueblo incident. He weaves on a grand scale a dramatic story of international relations, presidential politics, covert intelligence, capture on the high seas, and secret negotiations. At the same time, he highlights the very intimate struggles of the Pueblo’s crew—through capture, imprisonment, indoctrination, torture, and release—and the still smoldering controversy over Commander Bucher’s actions. In fact, Bucher emerges here for the first time as the truly steadfast hero his men have always considered him. More than an account of misadventure, The Pueblo Incident is an indictment of Cold War mentality that shows how the premises underlying the Pueblo’s risky mission and the ensuing efforts to win the release of her crew were seriously flawed. Lerner argues that had U.S. policymakers regarded the North Koreans as people with a national agenda rather than one serving a global Communist conspiracy, they might have avoided the crisis or resolved it more effectively. He also addresses such unanswered questions as what the Pueblo’s mission exactly was, why the ship had no military support, and how damaging the intelligence loss was to national security. With North Korea still seen as a rogue state by some policymakers, The Pueblo Incident provides key insights into the domestic imperatives behind that country’s foreign relations. It astutely assesses the place of gunboat diplomacy in the modern world and is vital for understanding American foreign policy failures in the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PLMTFW7E,2002-05-01,Mitchell B. Lerner,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T17:44:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 585,Treasonable Doubt: The Harry Dexter White Spy Case,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700613113/,"In a new paperback and ebook preface, R. Bruce Craig gathers a wealth of relevant revelations relating to the White case that have emerged over the last two decades. Whittaker Chambers and Elizabeth Bentley shocked America in 1948 with their allegations that Communist spies had penetrated the American government. The resulting perjury trial of Alger Hiss is already legendary, but Chambers and Bentley also named Harry Dexter White, a high-ranking Treasury official. (Hiss himself thought that White had been the real target of the House Un-American Activities Committee.) When White died only a week after his bold defense before Congress, much speculation remained about the cause of his death and the truth of the charges made against him. Armed with a wealth of new information, Bruce Craig examines this controversial case and explores the “ambiguities” that have haunted it for more than half a century. The highest ranking figure in the Roosevelt and Truman administrations to be accused of espionage, White played a central role in the founding of the United Nations’ twin financial institutions, the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. For years after his death, White was a target of red-baiting by FBI director J. Edgar Hoover and Eisenhower’s attorney general Herbert Brownell. Two Republican-controlled Senate committees even held White accountable for formulating the “pro-Russian” Morgenthau Plan for post-war Germany and for orchestrating the loss of mainland China to the Communists. Craig draws heavily on previously untapped or underused sources, including White’s personal papers, Treasury Department records, FBI files, and the once secret Venona files of decrypted Soviet espionage cables. Interviews with nearly two dozen key figures in the case, including Alger Hiss and former KGB officer V. G. Pavlov, also help bring White’s story to life. Sifting through this mountain of evidence, Craig retraces White’s rise to power within the Treasury Department and confirms that White was involved in a “species of espionage”—but also shows that the same evidence contradicts Bentley’s charges of “policy subversion.” What emerges is an evenhanded portrait of neither a monster nor a martyr but rather a committed New Dealer and internationalist whose hopes for world peace transcended national loyalties—a man who saw some benefit in cooperating with the Soviets but had no affection for dictatorship. Although it still remains unclear whether White leaked classified information vital to national security, Craig clearly shows that none of the most serious allegations against him can be substantiated.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VMAVUEUL,2004-05-01,R. Bruce Craig,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T17:43:28Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 586,Total Cold War: Eisenhower's Secret Propaganda Battle at Home and Abroad,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700615902/,"When President Dwight Eisenhower spoke of waging “total cold war,” he was proposing nothing less than a global, all-embracing battle for hearts and minds. His wide-ranging propaganda campaign challenged world communism at every turn and left a lasting mark on the American psyche. Kenneth Osgood now chronicles the secret psychological warfare programs America developed at the height of the Cold War. These programs—which were often indistinguishable from CIA covert operations—went well beyond campaigns to foment unrest behind the Iron Curtain. The effort was global: U.S. propaganda campaigns targeted virtually every country in the free world. Total Cold War also shows that Eisenhower waged his propaganda war not just abroad, but also at home. U.S. psychological warfare programs blurred the lines between foreign and domestic propaganda with campaigns that both targeted the American people and enlisted them as active participants in global contest for public opinion. Osgood focuses on major campaigns such as Atoms for Peace, People-to-People, and cultural exchange programs. Drawing on recently declassified documents that record U.S. psychological operations in some three dozen countries, he tells how U.S. propaganda agencies presented everyday life in America to the world: its citizens living full, happy lives in a classless society where economic bounty was shared by all. Osgood further investigates the ways in which superpower disarmament negotiations were used as propaganda maneuvers in the battle for international public opinion. He also reexamines the early years of the space race, focusing especially on the challenge to American propagandists posed by the Soviet launch of Sputnik. Perhaps most telling, Osgood takes a new look at President Eisenhower’s leadership. Believing that psychological warfare was a potent weapon in America’s arsenal, Ike appears in these pages not as a disinterested figurehead, as he’s often been portrayed, but as an activist president who left a profound mark on national security affairs. Osgood’s distinctive interpretation places Cold War propaganda campaigns in the context of an international arena drastically changed by the communications revolution and the age of mass politics and total war. It provides a new perspective on the conduct of public diplomacy, even as Americans today continue to grapple with the challenges of winning other hearts and minds in another global struggle.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DMWV4N96,2006-02-01,Kenneth Osgood,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T17:39:11Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 587,The OSS and Ho Chi Minh: Unexpected Allies in the War against Japan,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700616527/,"Some will be shocked to find out that the United States and Ho Chi Minh, our nemesis for much of the Vietnam War, were once allies. Indeed, during the last year of World War II, American spies in Indochina found themselves working closely with Ho Chi Minh and other anti-colonial factions—compelled by circumstances to fight together against the Japanese. Dixee Bartholomew-Feis reveals how this relationship emerged and operated and how it impacted Vietnam’s struggle for independence. The men of General William Donovan’s newly-formed Office of Strategic Services closely collaborated with communist groups in both Europe and Asia against the Axis enemies. In Vietnam, this meant that OSS officers worked with Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh, whose ultimate aim was to rid the region of all imperialist powers, not just the Japanese. Ho, for his part, did whatever he could to encourage the OSS’s negative view of the French, who were desperate to regain their colony. Revealing details not previously known about their covert operations, Bartholomew-Feis chronicles the exploits of these allies as they developed their network of informants, sabotaged the Japanese occupation’s infrastructure, conducted guerrilla operations, and searched for downed American fliers and Allied POWs. Although the OSS did not bring Ho Chi Minh to power, Bartholomew-Feis shows that its apparent support for the Viet Minh played a significant symbolic role in helping them fill the power vacuum left in the wake of Japan’s surrender. Her study also hints that, had America continued to champion the anti-colonials and their quest for independence, rather than caving in to the French, we might have been spared our long and very lethal war in Vietnam. Based partly on interviews with surviving OSS agents who served in Vietnam, Bartholomew-Feis’s engaging narrative and compelling insights speak to the yearnings of an oppressed people—and remind us that history does indeed make strange bedfellows.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ICE9GRVK,2006-05-01,Dixee Batholomew-Feis,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T17:37:56Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 588,iSpy; Surveillance and Power in the Interactive Era,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700616862/,"Whether you’re purchasing groceries with your Safeway “club card” or casting a vote on American Idol, that data is being collected. From Amazon to iTunes, cell phones to GPS devices, Google to TiVo—all of these products and services give us an expansive sense of choice, access, and participation. But, in an era now marked by large-scale NSA operations that secretly monitor our email exchanges and internet surfing, Mark Andrejevic shows how these new technologies are increasingly employed as modes of surveillance and control. Many contend that our proliferating interactive media empower individuals and democratize society. But, Andrejevic asks, at what cost? In iSpy, he reveals that these and other highly touted benefits are accompanied by hidden risks and potential threats that tend to be ignored by mainstream society. His book offers the first sustained critique of a concept that has been a talking point for twenty years, an up-to-the-minute survey of interactivity across multiple media platforms. It debunks the false promises of the digital revolution still touted by the popular media while seeking to rehabilitate, rather than simply write off, the potentially democratic uses of interactive media. Andrejevic opens up the world of digital rights management and the data trail each of us leaves—data about our locations, preferences, or life events that are already put to use in various economic, political, and social contexts. He notes that, while citizens are becoming increasingly transparent to private and public monitoring agencies, they themselves are unable to access the information gathered about them—or know whether it’s even correct. (The watchmen, it seems, don’t want to be watched.) He also considers the appropriation of consumer marketing for political campaigns in targeting voters, and also examines the implications of the Internet for the so-called War on Terror. In iSpy, Andrejevic poses real challenges for our digital future. Amazingly detailed, compellingly readable, it warns that we need to temper our enthusiasm for these technologies with a better understanding of the threats they pose—to be able to distinguish between interactivity as centralized control and as collaborative participation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QSQ6CY5X,2007-09-01,Mark Andrejevic,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T17:36:57Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 589,"Hoover's War on Gays: Exposing the FBI's ""Sex Deviates"" Program",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700621194/,"At the FBI, the “Sex Deviates” program covered a lot of ground, literally; at its peak, J. Edgar Hoover’s notorious “Sex Deviates” file encompassed nearly 99 cubic feet or more than 330,000 pages of information. In 1977–1978 these files were destroyed—and it would seem that four decades of the FBI’s dirty secrets went up in smoke. But in a remarkable feat of investigative research, synthesis, and scholarly detective work, Douglas M. Charles manages to fill in the yawning blanks in the bureau’s history of systematic (some would say obsessive) interest in the lives of gay and lesbian Americans in the twentieth century. His book, Hoover’s War on Gays, is the first to fully expose the extraordinary invasion of US citizens’ privacy perpetrated on a historic scale by an institution tasked with protecting American life. For much of the twentieth century, when exposure might mean nothing short of ruin, gay American men and women had much to fear from law enforcement of every kind—but none so much as the FBI, with its inexhaustible federal resources, connections, and its carefully crafted reputation for ethical, by-the-book operations. What Hoover’s War on Gays reveals, rather, is the FBI’s distinctly unethical, off-the-books long-term targeting of gay men and women and their organizations under cover of “official” rationale—such as suspicion of criminal activity or vulnerability to blackmail and influence. The book offers a wide-scale view of this policy and practice, from a notorious child kidnapping and murder of the 1930s (ostensibly by a sexual predator with homosexual tendencies), educating the public about the threat of “deviates,” through WWII’s security concerns about homosexuals who might be compromised by the enemy, to the Cold War’s “Lavender Scare” when any and all gays working for the US government shared the fate of suspected Communist sympathizers. Charles’s work also details paradoxical ways in which these incursions conjured counterefforts—like the Mattachine Society; ONE, Inc.; and the Daughters of Bilitis—aimed at protecting and serving the interests of postwar gay culture. With its painstaking recovery of a dark chapter in American history and its new insights into seemingly familiar episodes of that story—involving noted journalists, politicians, and celebrities—this thorough and deeply engaging book reveals the perils of authority run amok and stands as a reminder of damage done in the name of decency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MWQ2RZYF,2015-09-01,Douglas M. Charles,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T17:35:42Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 590,Branding Hoover's FBI: How the Boss's PR Men Sold the Bureau to America,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700623051/,"Hunting down America’s public enemies was just one of the FBI’s jobs. Another—perhaps more vital and certainly more covert—was the job of promoting the importance and power of the FBI, a process that Matthew Cecil unfolds clearly for the first time in this eye-opening book. The story of the PR men who fashioned the Hoover era, Branding Hoover’s FBI reveals precisely how the Bureau became a monolithic organization of thousands of agents who lived and breathed a well-crafted public relations message, image, and worldview. Accordingly, the book shows how the public was persuaded—some would say conned—into buying and even bolstering that image. Just fifteen years after a theater impresario coined the term “public relations,” the FBI under J. Edgar Hoover began practicing a sophisticated version of the activity. Cecil introduces those agency PR men in Washington who put their singular talents to work by enforcing and amplifying Hoover's message. Louis B. Nichols, overseer of the Crime Records Section for more than twenty years, was a master of bend-your-ear networking. Milton A. Jones brought meticulous analysis to bear on the mission; Fern Stukenbroeker, a gift for eloquence; and Cartha “Deke” DeLoach, a singular charm and ambition. Branding Hoover’s FBI examines key moments when this dedicated cadre, all working under the protective wing of Associate Director Clyde Tolson, manipulated public perceptions of the Bureau (was the Dillinger triumph really what it seemed?). In these critical moments, the book allows us to understand as never before how America came to see the FBI’s law enforcement successes and overlook the dubious accomplishments, such as domestic surveillance, that truly defined the Hoover era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6GH53KGB,2016-09-01,Matthew Cecil,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:34:46Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 591,The OSS in Burma: Jungle War against the Japanese,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700620180/,"“One could not choose a worse place for fighting the Japanese,” said Winston Churchill of North Burma, deeming it “the most forbidding fighting country imaginable.” But it was here that the fledgling Office of Strategic Services conducted its most successful combat operations of World War II. Troy Sacquety takes readers into Burma’s steaming jungles in the first book to fully cover the exploits and contributions of the OSS’s Detachment 101 against the Japanese Imperial Army. Functioning independently of both the U.S. Army and OSS headquarters—and with no operational or organizational model to follow—Detachment 101 was given enormous latitude in terms of developing its mission and methods. It grew from an inexperienced and poorly supported group of 21 agents training on the job in a lethal environment to a powerful force encompassing 10,000 guerrillas (spread across as many as 8 battalions), 60 long-range agents, and 400 short-range agents. By April 1945, it remained the only American ground force in North Burma while simultaneously conducting daring amphibious operations that contributed to the liberation of Rangoon. With unrivaled access to OSS archives, Sacquety vividly recounts the 101’s story with a depth of detail that makes the disease-plagued and monsoon-drenched Burmese theater come unnervingly alive. He describes the organizational evolution of Detachment 101 and shows how the unit’s flexibility allowed it to evolve to meet the changing battlefield environment. He depicts the Detachment’s two sharply contrasting field commanders: headstrong Colonel Carl Eifler, who pushed the unit beyond its capabilities, and the more measured Colonel William Peers, who molded it into a model special operations force. He also highlights the heroic Kachin tribesmen, fierce fighters defending their tribal homeland and instrumental in acclimating the Americans to terrain, weather, and cultures in ways that were vital to the success of the Detachment’s operations. While veterans’ memoirs have discussed OSS activities in Burma, this is the first book to describe in detail how it achieved its success—portraying an operational unit that can be seen as a prototype for today’s Special Forces. Featuring dozens of illustrations, The OSS in Burma rescues from oblivion the daring exploits of a key intelligence and military unit in Japan’s defeat in World War II and tells a gripping story that will satisfy scholars and buffs alike.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G39SWDIW,2014-08-01,Troy J. Sacquety,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:33:27Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 592,The CIA and the Marshall Plan,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700605026/,"People have the right to choose their own form of government. That lofty principle, affirmed by Churchill and Roosevelt in the Atlantic Charter, was to guid...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZRAZXEAQ,1991-12-01,Sallie Pisani,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:30:22Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 593,Red Spies in America: Stolen Secrets and the Dawn of the Cold War,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700615551/,"When the United States established diplomatic ties with the Soviet Union in 1933, it did more than normalize relations with the new Bolshevik state—it ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9Y3JVQEM,2004-11-01,Katherine A. S. Sibley,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:32:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 594,Our Man in Mexico: Winston Scott and the Hidden History of the CIA,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700617906/,"People have the right to choose their own form of government. That lofty principle, affirmed by Churchill and Roosevelt in the Atlantic Charter, was to guide our post-war foreign policy. But suppose that people given a chance to choose their government make the “wrong” choice? Suppose they choose a government unfriendly to the United States, an undemocratic form of government at odds with our national interests? What then? Out of this conflict between idealistic principles and practical self-interest sprang the CIA’s first peacetime covert operations. In The CIA and the Marshall Plan historian Sallie Pisani shows how the U.S. added a Cold War corollary to the principle of self-determination: massive foreign aid and nonmilitary covert operations to reshape war-torn Europe in the image of the U.S. Pisani tells, for the first time, the story of the top CIA operatives who were instrumental in developing the non-military covert intervention policies of the early Cold War years and the Office of Policy Coordination that carried them out. Through interviews with Deputy Director of Plans Richard Bissell (Bay of Pigs), OSS officer and later CIA official John Bross, CIA General Counsel Lawrence Houston, CIA field operative Kermit Roosevelt, and Frank Lindsay, head of paramilitary operations for OPC, Pisani traces covert operations from their roots in the New Deal and World War II through the years of the Marshall Plan.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FKNKEACE,2008-03-01,Michael Scott,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:23:43Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 595,The FBI and American Democracy: A Brief Critical History,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700613458/,"For nearly a century, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has been famous for tracking and apprehending gangsters, kidnappers, spies, and, much more recently, international terrorists. The agency itself has done much to promote its successes, helping to embellish its legendary aura. Athan Theoharis, however, contends that a closer look at the historical record reveals a much less idealized and much more disturbing vision of the FBI. Created in 1908 with a staff of three dozen, the FBI has grown to more than 27,000 agents and support personnel, while its role has shifted dramatically from law enforcement to intelligence operations. Theoharis, America’s leading authority on the FBI, assesses the consequences of this shift for democratic politics, showing how the agency’s obsession with absolute secrecy has undermined both civil liberties and agency accountability. As Theoharis reveals, FBI history has been marked by operational failures, overrated abilities, and the frequent use of highly suspect means—wiretaps, buggings, break-ins—that challenge the Constitution’s guarantee against illegal searches. The agency has also gathered and disseminated derogatory (and often untrue) information in an effort to discredit citizens whose views are seen as “dangerous.” Most disturbing, it has drifted toward equating political dissent with genuine subversion, an approach with potentially grave consequences for free and open public discourse. Theoharis also shows that the FBI’s vaunted spy-catching prowess has been vastly overrated, from the early days of the “Communist conspiracy” to the more recent Wen Ho Lee and Robert Hanssen fiascos. And he criticizes Hoover’s longstanding refusal to admit that organized crime actually existed, perhaps due to his preoccupation with the sex lives of public figures like JFK, Martin Luther King, and Rock Hudson, whose amorous escapades he recorded in his “Do Not File” files. More recently, the notorious incidents at Ruby Ridge, Waco, and Oklahoma City, as well as the 9/11 attacks, have further eroded public confidence in the FBI and tarnished its reputation. Throughout, Theoharis raises serious questions about the extralegal nature of the FBI’s activities and its troubling implications for the rule of law in America.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EPKDGXCE,2004-10-01,Athan Theoharis,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:28:48Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 596,"MacArthur's ULTRA: Codebreaking and the War against Japan, 1942-1945",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700605767/,"Cracking the enemy’s radio code is a task so urgent and so difficult that it demands the military’s best minds and most sophisticated technology. But when the coded messages are in a language as complex as Japanese, decoding problems multiply dramatically. It took the U.S. Army a full two years after the attack on Pearl Harbor to break the codes of the Japanese Imperial Army. But by 1944 the U.S. was decoding more than 20,000 messages a month filled with information about enemy movements, strategy, fortifications, troop strengths, and supply convoys. In MacArthur’s ULTRA, historian Edward Drea recounts the story behind the Army’s painstaking decryption operation and its dramatic breakthrough. He demonstrates how ULTRA (intelligence from decrypted Japanese radio communications) shaped MacArthur’s operations in New Guinea and the Philippines and its effect on the outcome of World War II. From sources on both sides of the Pacific and national security agency declassified records, Drea has compiled a detailed listing of the ULTRA intelligence available to MacArthur. By correlating the existing intelligence with MacArthur’s operational decisions, Drea shows how MacArthur used—and misused—intelligence information. He tells for the first time the story behind MacArthur’s bold leap to Hollandia in 1944 and shows how ULTRA revealed the massive Japanese mobilization for what might have been (had it occurred) the bloodiest and most protracted engagement of the entire war the Allied invasion of Japan. Drea also clarifies the role of ULTRA in Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan in 1945, and concludes that ULTRA shortened the war by six to ten months.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NYPFHH9J,1991-12-01,Edward J. Drea,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:27:45Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 597,A Culture of Secrecy: The Government Versus the People's Right to Know,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700609987/,"The government is hiding information from its citizens—or so most Americans believe. While even some members of Congress now call for greater access to classified documents, federal agencies continue to withhold a massive amount of information in the name of national security, maintaining a culture of secrecy rooted in the Cold War. This new book examines who in government is hiding what from the rest of us, how they’re doing it, and why it should matter to all of us. Contributing scholars, journalists, and attorneys survey the policies of federal intelligence agencies and presidents—notably Nixon, Reagan, Bush, and Clinton-to keep information secret. They show how these agencies have gone far beyond legitimate security needs to withhold information, and they describe the frustrations and costs encountered in their own efforts to obtain classified information. The authors review important cases exemplifying State Department, agency, and presidential efforts to withhold, destroy, or delay release of these records. In chapters centering on the Kennedy assassination, the Nixon tapes, and the FBI’s files on John Lennon and the Supreme Court justices, readers will find an abundance of startling and disturbing revelations. By citing some of the methods used by agencies like the CIA, NSA, NSC, and FBI to circumvent the Freedom of Information Act—often with the cooperation of the judicial system—these essays clearly show that abuses of secrecy aren't limited to the withholding of information but extend to the absurd lengths taken to avoid disclosure.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VU4KYVJK,1998-04-01,Athan Theoharis,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:24:45Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 598,"The Turn of the Tide in the Pacific War: Strategic Initiative, Intelligence, and Command, 1941-1943",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700625987/,"Midway through 1942, Japanese and Allied forces found themselves fighting on two fronts—in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. These concurrent campaigns, conducted between July 1942 and February 1943, proved a critical turning point in the war being waged in the Pacific, as the advantage definitively shifted from the Japanese to the Americans. Key to this shift was the Allies seizing of the strategic initiative—a concept that Sean Judge examines in this book, particularly in the context of the Pacific War. The concept of strategic initiative, in this analysis, helps to explain why and how contending powers design campaigns and use military forces to alter the trajectory of war. Judge identifies five factors that come into play in capturing and maintaining the initiative: resources, intelligence, strategic acumen, combat effectiveness, and chance, all of which are affected by political will. His book uses the dual campaigns in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands as a case study in strategic initiative by reconstructing the organizations, decisions, and events that influenced the shift of initiative from one adversary to the other. Perhaps the most critical factor in this case is strategic acumen, without which the other advantages are easily squandered. Specifically, Judge details how General Douglas MacArthur and Admiral Chester Nimitz, in designing and executing these campaigns, provided the strategic leadership essential to reversing the tide of war—whose outcome, Judge contends, was not as inevitable as conventional wisdom tells us. The strategic initiative, once passed to American and Allied forces in the Pacific, would never be relinquished. In its explanation of how and why this happened, The Turn of the Tide in the Pacific War holds important lessons for students of military history and for future strategic leaders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GA2HIFP2,2018-03-01,Peter M. Mansoor,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:21:01Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 599,William Colby and the CIA: The Secret Wars of a Controversial Spymaster,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700616909/,"William E. Colby was one of the most enigmatic figures of the Cold War and a central player in the operations of the Central Intelligence Agency. While publicly appearing as a calm bureaucrat, behind the scenes Colby helped orchestrate some of CIA’s most controversial operations. His mysterious death even added to the aura. In the wake of new questions relating to CIA activities since 9/11—which John Prados discusses in his new preface—Colby’s story provides crucial lessons for a nation that still struggles to reconcile intelligence methods with democratic principles. Prados tracks Colby’s life and career from early years in the OSS to his tumultuous tenure as Director of Central Intelligence in the 1970s. Reviled by many outside the CIA for his role in Vietnam—and inside it for his cooperation with probes of the agency—Colby was cast as a scapegoat by the Ford White House during the Church and Pike congressional investigations. In addition, Prados offers fresh insights and new perspectives on Colby’s involvement in the notorious Phoenix program in Vietnam and in the bloody Indonesian coup of 1965 that overthrew President Sukarno and brought General Suharto to power, as well as on the CIA’s role in the 1963 assassination of President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam and on the actions of high-level CIA officials during the final demise of South Vietnam in 1975. A masterful study of a master spy, William Colby and the CIA also offers a vital and timely history of the inner workings of “the Company” for which he worked. Originally published in a cloth edition under the title Lost Crusader and retitled for this first paperback edition, William Colby and the CIA explores dilemmas of intelligence that are of renewed importance today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4RMYZPG4,2009-10-01,John Prados,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:19:38Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 600,Spies in the Himalayas: Secret Missions and Perilous Climbs,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700612239/,"In the towering mountains of northern India, a chilling chapter was written in the history of international espionage. After the Chinese detonated their first nuclear test in 1964, America and India, which had just fought a border war with its northern neighbor, were both justifiably concerned. The CIA knew it needed more information on China’s growing nuclear capability but had few ways of peeking behind the Bamboo Curtain. Because of the extreme remoteness of Chinese testing grounds, conventional surveillance in this pre-satellite era was next to impossible. The solution to this intelligence dilemma was a joint American-Indian effort to plant a nuclear-powered sensing device on a high Himalayan peak in order to listen into China and monitor its missile launches. It was not a job that could be carried out by career spies, requiring instead the special skills possessed only by accomplished mountaineers. For this mission, cloaks and daggers were to be replaced by crampons and ice axes. Spies in the Himalayas chronicles for the first time the details of these death-defying expeditions sanctioned by U.S. and Indian intelligence, telling the story of clandestine climbs and hair-raising exploits. Led by legendary Indian mountaineer Mohan S. Kohli, conqueror of Everest, the mission was beset by hazardous climbs, weather delays, aborted attempts, and even missing radioactive materials that may or may not still pose a contamination threat to Indian rivers. Kept under wraps for over a decade, these operations came to light in 1978 and have been long rumored among mountaineers, but here are finally given book-length treatment. Spies in the Himalayas provides an inside look at a CIA mission from participants who weren’t agency employees, drawing on diaries from several of the climbers to offer impressions not usually recorded in covert operations. A host of photos and maps puts readers on the slopes as the team attempts repeatedly to plant the sensor on a Himalayan summit. An adventure story as well as a new chapter in the history of espionage, this book should appeal to readers who enjoyed Jon Krakauer’s Into Thin Air and to anyone who enjoys a great spy story.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D3FLJ8YX,2003-03-01,"Mohan S. Kohli, Kenneth Conboy",University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:16:58Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 601,A Season of Inquiry Revisited: The Church Committee Confronts America's Spy Agencies,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700621477/,"The original edition of A Season of Inquiry, first published in 1986, offered the public an insider’s account of the workings of the Church investigation and of the nation’s espionage agencies, including the CIA’s covert action against the democratically elected regime of Salvador Allende in Chile. In this new edition the author, then a special assistant to Senator Church, revisits the circumstances surrounding the investigation and subsequent, shocking report and reminds us its continuing relevance—in instances such as the Iran-Contra investigation, the 9/11 and Iraqi WMD intelligence failures, the Edward Snowden affair, and, most recently, the US Senate Torture Report. A Season of Inquiry Revisited details a moment that was at once a high-water mark for intelligence accountability in the United States and a low point in the American people’s trust of the agencies sworn to protect them. Coming on the heels of the Watergate scandal, the wrenching experience of the Vietnam War, and the release of the Pentagon Papers, revelations of domestic spying sent a shock wave through the nation and spurred the political establishment to action. While a White House panel focused narrowly on CIA spying at home, the Church Committee enlarged its investigation to include the FBI, the National Security Agency, and a host of other primarily military espionage services, as well as CIA assassination plots around the world. Johnson describes the political players and their pursuit of information, the abuses they discovered, and the remarkable reports they compiled, chronicling a litany of disquieting operations carried out against American citizens and foreign leaders in Latin America and Africa. With a new preface and postscript along with an updated chronology and appendix, this new edition revisits a moment of reckoning in the halls of power. The nation has now arrived at a time when the lessons of the Church Committee warrant special remembering.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BFPTEA7P,2015-12-01,Loch K. Johnson,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:15:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 602,Hoover's Secret War against Axis Spies: FBI Counterespionage during World War II,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700619528/,"The world was at war, America precariously poised on the sidelines. But already a second secret war was well underway with the United States very much in the thick of it. While he fought on the home front to consolidate the FBI’s intelligence gathering power, J. Edgar Hoover was conducting an all-out campaign to make his agency America’s first foreign espionage service—a campaign that would lead to an uneasy alliance with British intelligence in a brilliantly successful operation to undermine Germany throughout the Second World War. While pieces of the story have been told before, only now, in this work by FBI historian and former agent Raymond Batvinis, does this crucial chapter in the history of World War II, and of the FBI, received its full due. Taking up the tale begun in his acclaimed Origins of FBI Counterintelligence, Batvinis mines a wealth of heretofore untapped resources to expose Hoover’s remarkable connivances and accomplishments in concert—and occasionally contention—with the Allies in outsmarting German intelligence. Hoover’s Secret War opens up a world of spy rings, secret and double agents, surveillance, codes and ciphers, wire taps, microdots, mail drops, invisible ink, radio transmissions, and deception and disinformation as it tracks the warring nations spreading their intelligence tentacles throughout Europe and North and South America. As it documents the rocky evolution of the FBI’s relationship with Britain's vaunted M15 and M16, the book brings to light the feud between Hoover and William Stephenson, director of the British Secret Intelligence Service’s U. S. operation, BSC. Batvinis reveals how the agency gained access to ULTRA intelligence, thanks to the British decryption of the ENIGMA code, along with the strenuous efforts to keep the Germans in the dark about it. He uncovers eye-opening details of the FBI’s participation in the famed “Double-Cross System,” which effectively “turned” German agents against the Fatherland, among them a flamboyant, larger-larger-than-life playboy, a world famous French flyer, and a lecherous Dutchman. Batvinis tells for the first time how the Bureau manipulated these agents, and how it transmitted deceptive information critical to the Normandy landings, the Allied invasion of the Marshall Islands, and the atomic bomb program, among other matters. Rich with secrets and surprises worthy of the finest spy fiction, this true story of espionage and counterintelligence gives us our first clear look at the secret second world war, and a significant moment in history—for the FBI, for America, and for the world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CKRWMJA3,2014-04-01,Raymond J. Batvinis,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T14:03:10Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 603,Tracking the Axis Enemy: The Triumph of Anglo-American Naval Intelligence,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700609178/,The 1942-43 naval campaign against German U-boats known as the Battle of the Atlantic was a major victory not only for Allied warships but also for naval int...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AQ79AX8D,1998-11-01,Alan H. Bath,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T12:47:45Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 604,"Creating the Secret State: The Origins of the Central Intelligence Agency, 1943-1947",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700610242/,"While much has been disclosed about the CIA’s cloak-and-dagger activities during the Cold War, relatively little is known about the origins of this secret organization. David Rudgers, a twenty-two-year CIA veteran, has written the first complete account of its creation, revealing how the idea of a centralized intelligence developed within the government and debunking the myth that former OSS chief William J. Donovan was the prime mover behind the agency's founding. Creating the Secret State locates the CIA’s origins in government-wide efforts to reorganize national security during the transition from World War II to the Cold War. Rudgers maintains that the creation of the CIA was not merely the brainchild of “Wild Bill” Donovan. Rather, it was the culmination of years of negotiation among numerous policy makers such as James Forrestal and Dean Acheson, each with strong opinions regarding the agency’s mission and methods. He shows that Congress, the Departments of State and Justice, the Joint Chiefs, and even the Budget Bureau all had a hand in the establishment of this “secret state” that operates nearly invisibly outside the American political process. Based almost entirely on archival and other primary sources, Rudgers’s book describes in detail how the CIA evolved from its original purpose—as a watchdog to guard against a “nuclear Pearl Harbor”—to the role of clandestine warriors countering Soviet subversion, eventually engaging in more forms of intelligence gathering and covert operations than any of its counterparts. It suggests how the agency became a different organization than it might have been without the Communist threat and also shows how it both overexaggerated the dangers of the Cold War and failed to predict its ending. Rudgers has written an accurate and balanced account that brings America’s undercover army in from the cold and out from under the cult of personality. An indispensable resource for future studies of the CIA, Creating the Secret State tells the inside story of why and how the agency was called into existence as it stimulates thinking about the future relevance of the CIA in a rapidly changing world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q2JJLHFT,2000-07-01,David F. Rudgers,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T12:46:38Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 605,Facing the Victorious Turks: How the French Misread the Turkish War of Independence,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700637775/,"At the end of World War I, parts of the defeated Ottoman Empire were seized and partitioned by the Allied Powers. In response, the newly formed Turkish National Movement waged a military campaign to win Turkey’s independence, eventually leading to the declaration of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. In Facing the Victorious Turks, Andrew Orr argues that French military, intelligence, and diplomatic officials’ Orientalism and racism led them to misinterpret the Turkish War of Independence by placing Europeans at the center of their analysis of the Middle East. French observers’ flawed understanding of Muslims and Islam fed conspiracy theories that distorted their understanding of Germany, the emerging Soviet Union, Middle Eastern politics, and colonialism. It allowed them to perceive and report the danger of Middle East–wide revolts without questioning whether it was European rule itself that was causing the political turmoil. French military leaders were thus able to escape the sort of self-reflection that might have exposed the exploitative nature of colonialism and pushed them to question the moral and strategic justifications for colonial rule. Orr’s study draws on French and British military, diplomatic, and intelligence documents, published Turkish sources, journalistic accounts, and combatants’ and aid workers’ journals. It also takes advantage of US intelligence and diplomatic papers that included correspondence with French military and diplomatic officials in Constantinople. Facing the Victorious Turks is valuable reading for anyone interested in nationalism and imperialism, intelligence studies, French involvement in the Middle East, and modern Turkish history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T8IR42Z6,2024-09-01,Andrew Orr,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T12:44:39Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 606,"The Hidden Cost of Freedom: The Untold Story of the CIA's Secret Funding System, 1941-1962",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700637959/,"How is it possible for an agency of the United States government to be exempt from providing what the US Constitution’s Appropriations Clause describes as “a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money”? In The Hidden Cost of Freedom, author Brad Fisher presents a comprehensive narrative of the origin and early development of the CIA’s clandestine financial system, beginning with the establishment of the Office of Strategic Services’ Special Funds Branch during World War II. Fisher documents the controversial legislative history of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 from the standpoint of the CIA, the General Accounting Office, and congressional insiders, and describes the act’s role in the transformation of the CIA’s financial administration into a global enterprise for financing its foreign intelligence activities. Finally, he brings to light the story of his grandfather, Edwin Lyle Fisher, who had a major role in the postwar establishment of the CIA’s funding system as the GAO’s legal liaison to the CIA. While the existence of the CIA’s clandestine funding is no secret, Fisher’s book is the first to trace its development and to show how the CIA’s covert financial system was allowed to develop in a democracy devoted to checks and balances.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8KRSDIG,2024-11-01,Brad L. Fisher,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T12:43:06Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 607,Defining the Mission: The Development of US Strategic Military Intelligence up to the Cold War,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700638109/,"The untold history of how strategic military intelligence organizations responded and adapted to the pressures and influence of the US military, government, and public to define themselves and their mission. From 1882 to 1947—the year the CIA was established—strategic military intelligence organizations struggled to define their missions. The American public, government and military leaders, and intelligence professionals all had competing ideas of what military intelligence should be and do. The quest of strategic military intelligence organizations to define themselves and their mission was directly influenced by the trends of a growing American military and maturing American society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. This dynamic and insightful facet of intelligence history, however, has remained largely in the shadows. How did government leaders and American society define strategic military intelligence organizations? How did these organizations describe themselves in their service to the US military and the American public as they evolved from a four-man office in 1882 to a multi-organizational operation with a staff of thousands by the 1940s? In Defining the Mission, Scott Moseman examines how US strategic military intelligence organizations have adapted to several external and internal factors in finding their raison d’être. Focusing on the Office of Naval Intelligence and the Military Intelligence Division, Moseman explores themes including the growth of the American military, internationalism versus isolationism, the increasing complexity of the government, military professionalism, Hamiltonian versus Jeffersonian ideals, military progressivism, and domestic security. Exploring the contours of the dynamic relationships between strategic military intelligence organizations and government, military, and society, Moseman shows how the mission and work of military intelligence reflects the very society it serves.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/46AB2GYJ,2025-03-01,Scott A. Moseman,University Press of Kansas,,2025-08-09T12:41:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 608,EVOLUTION AND PROSPECTS OF OPERATIVE-RESEARCH ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE,Journal article,https://periodica.nadpsu.edu.ua/index.php/law_border/article/view/1920,"This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state, historical development, and functional essence of operative-research activity (ORA) in Ukraine. It also offers a critical assessment of the inappropriateness of replacing ORA with the concept of criminal intelligence or radically merging it with the criminal procedure process. The primary objective of the study is to justify the necessity of a systemic renewal of existing legislation by adopting a new, comprehensive law that would ensure synergy between ORA and the criminal process, strengthen human rights protections, and enhance the competitiveness of the Ukrainian ORA model under modern conditions. The research methodology is based on a multifaceted approach, including historical-legal, comparative legal, systemic-structural, formal-legal, doctrinal, and functional methods. The study analyzes Ukrainian legislation, international standards, eight legislative drafts aimed at replacing the current Law «On ORA» and scientific literature, enabling a holistic assessment of the ORA’s current state, existing legal conflicts, and the practical efficiency of the current framework. The results reveal that the current Law of Ukraine «On operative-research activity» (1992) is outdated, having undergone nearly fifty amendments, which have fragmented its integrity and rendered it insufficient in addressing modern challenges, particularly cybercrime. The analysis highlights the functional equivalence between Ukraine’s ORA and, for example, Lithuania’s criminal intelligence, refuting the need for substitution based merely on terminological differences. The proposed criminal intelligence bills were found to be underdeveloped and potentially conflicting with Ukraine's Criminal Procedure Code and recently adopted intelligence and counterintelligence legislation. The article concludes that rather than adopting radical reforms or blindly copying foreign practices, Ukraine should preserve and gradually develop its ORA model, adapting it to current realities. The authors propose a structure for the new law encompassing general provisions, subjects, measures, confidential cooperation, inter-agency coordination, oversight and control, and final provisions. Future research should focus on identifying the optimal model for regulating ORA, incorporating national traditions and international experience.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FYRZ3DCJ,2025-08-04,Petro Melnyk,,Law & Border,2025-08-07T06:55:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.32453/law_border.v5i1.1920,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412953847,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4412953847,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://periodica.nadpsu.edu.ua/index.php/law_border/article/download/1920/1768,1.0 609,From the Cold War to the Cyber Era - The Evolution of Intelligence Services and their Role in the International Security Architecture,Journal article,https://journals.4science.ge/index.php/sociopolitologos/article/view/3964,"This paper examines the evolution of intelligence services (agencies) and their role in the architecture of international security from the Cold War period to the cyber era. It explores the functions and influence of intelligence agencies on the transformation throughout various historical stages, particularly during the covert conflicts characteristic of the Cold War. The study highlights the adaptation of intelligence services to emerging global threats, including international terrorism, cyber threats, and disinformation campaigns. It also reviews the impact of intelligence agencies on international political processes. Special attention is given to the role and challenges of managing relevant information in the modern cyber era, where the possession and manipulation of information have become key weapons. This article aims to analyze the historical development of intelligence services and their strategic role in the contemporary international security environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/44X4SUT2,2025-08-04,"Soslan Beridze, David Burjanadze",,SOCIOPOLITOLOGOS,2025-08-07T06:53:57Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.52340/splogos.2025.02.04,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4413005920,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://journals.4science.ge/index.php/sociopolitologos/article/download/3964/4009, 610,"Den of Spies: Reagan, Carter, and the Secret History of the Treason That Stole the White House",Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/den-of-spies-craig-unger,"It was a tinderbox of an accusation. In April 1991, the New York Times ran an op-ed alleging that Ronald Reagan’s 1980 presidential campaign had conspired with the Iranian government to delay the release of 52 American hostages until after the 1980 election. The Iranian hostage crisis was President Jimmy Carter’s largest political vulnerability, and his lack of success freeing them ultimately sealed his fate at the ballot box. In return for keeping Americans in captivity until Reagan assumed the oath of office, the Republicans had secretly funneled arms to Iran. Treasonous and illegal, the operation—planned and executed by Reagan’s campaign manager Bill Casey—amounted to a shadow foreign policy run by private citizens that ensured Reagan’s victory. Investigative journalist Craig Unger was one of the first reporters covering the October Surprise—initially for Esquire and then Newsweek—and while attempting to unravel the mystery, he was fired, sued, and ostracized by the Washington press corps, as a counter narrative took hold: The October Surprise was a hoax. Though Unger later recovered his name and became a bestselling author on Republican abuses of power, the October Surprise remained his white whale, the project he—as well as legendary investigative journalist, the late Robert Parry—worked on late at night and between assignments. In Den of Spies, Unger reveals the definitive story of the October Surprise, going inside his three-decade reporting odyssey, along with Parry’s never-before-seen archives, and sharing startling truths about what really happened in 1980. The result is a real-life political thriller filled with double agents, CIA operatives, slippery politicians, KGB documents, wealthy Republicans, and dogged journalists. A timely and provocative history that presages our Trump-era political scandals, Den of Spies demonstrates the stakes of allowing the politics of the moment to obscure the writing of our history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6MVWEW78,2024-10-01,Craig Unger,Harper Collins Publishers,,2025-08-06T22:01:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 611,"Unredacted: Russia, Trump, and the Fight for Democracy",Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/unredacted-christopher-steele,"The intelligence officer behind the explosive “Steele Dossier” steps out of the shadows, revealing a searing new report on the threat Putin and Trump pose to democracy, based on alarming intelligence exposed in these pages for the first time “Putin is now desperate to have Donald Trump back in the White House. If he succeeds in helping Trump get reelected, I am convinced that the global political order will be utterly changed. We shall have entered a new historical era of strategic chaos, a ‘new world disorder.’ The consequences of Trump winning the 2024 election are catastrophic.” –from Unredacted To a unique degree, Christopher Steele has been an eyewitness observer of modern Russian history. He was a British diplomat and intelligence professional in Moscow when the Soviet Union was collapsing. Steele was there when the putsch against Mikhail Gorbachev took place and when Boris Yeltsin took over the newly independent Russia. After Vladimir Putin came to power, Steele rose to become one of British government’s leading Russia experts and played a central role in the investigation into the Kremlin-ordered murder of Alexander Litvinenko. Then, in 2016, he wrote a series of explosive reports about the then presidential candidate Donald Trump and his links to Russia. Now known to the world as the “Steele Dossier,” these intelligence documents drew the world’s attention to Russia’s relationship with Trump—and reluctantly thrust Steele into the center of a global maelstrom. Since Trump’s election, he has quietly continued his work. Indeed, Steele has had even better access to sources of information and intelligence on Russia—ones that have given him a privileged view of what’s going on inside the Kremlin, and how much we in the West should worry about it. In Unredacted, Steele shares for the first time what that inside view looks like, how he came to the point of gaining such a level of insight, and what Western governments—and all of us—can and should do to counter this generational threat.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AN83YKGZ,2024-10-08,Christopher Steele,Harper Collins Publishers,,2025-08-06T21:59:43Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 612,The Mission: The CIA in the 21st Century,Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-mission-tim-weiner,"At the turn of the century, the Central Intelligence Agency was in crisis. The end of the Cold War had robbed the agency of its mission. More than thirty overseas stations and bases had been shuttered, and scores that remained had been severely cut back. Many countries where surveillance was once deemed crucial went uncovered. Essential intelligence wasn’t being collected. At the dawn of the information age, the CIA’s officers and analysts worked with outmoded technology, struggling to distinguish the clear signals of significant facts from the cacophony of background noise. Then came September 11th, 2001. After the attacks, the CIA transformed itself into a lethal paramilitary force, running secret prisons and brutal interrogations, mounting deadly drone attacks, and all but abandoning its core missions of espionage and counterespionage. The consequences were grave: the deaths of scores of its recruited foreign agents, the theft of its personnel files by Chinese spies, the penetration of its computer networks by Russian intelligence and American hackers, and the tragedies of Afghanistan and Iraq. A new generation of spies now must fight the hardest targets—Moscow, Beijing, Tehran—while confronting a president who has attacked the CIA as a subversive force. From Pulitzer Prize winner Tim Weiner, The Mission tells the gripping, high-stakes story of the CIA through the first quarter of the twenty-first century, revealing how the agency fought to rebuild the espionage powers it lost during the war on terror—and finally succeeded in penetrating the Kremlin. The struggle has life-and-death consequences for America and its allies. The CIA must reclaim its original mission: know thy enemies. The fate of the free world hangs in the balance. A masterpiece of reporting, The Mission includes exclusive on-the-record interviews with six former CIA directors, the top spymaster, thirteen station chiefs, and scores of top operations officers who served undercover for decades and have never spoken to a journalist before.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UWNCMKDP,2025-07-15,Tim Weiner,Harper Collins Publishers,,2025-08-06T21:57:53Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 613,Large-Scale Nightmare or Precision Tool for Covert Operations? An Assessment of the Risks of Genetic Technology in the Near Future,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2531921,"Advances in genetic technology could lead to new threats, such as engineered pathogens, or plots to frame individuals by planting synthesized deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at a crime scene. Uncontrollable weaponized viruses and ethnic bioweapons have also been mentioned in public discourse. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, four scenarios are developed and assessed in terms of sociotechnical plausibility and technical feasibility. By combining scenario methodology with structured analytic techniques, strategic and operational scenarios are developed to discuss plausibility and feasibility. The conclusion is that the worst-case scenarios are implausible even with new technologies, and that more focus should instead be on disinformation or assassinations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NKPX9NAF,2025-08-01,"Tony Ingesson, Subhayan Chattopadhyay, David Gisselsson",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-08-06T08:11:22Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2531921,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412824908,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2531921, 614,Doubling Down: The Danger of Disclosing Secret Action,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa081,"When an actor catches a state taking an objectionable secret action, it faces a dilemma. Exposing the action could force unresolved states to terminate the behavior to save face. However, it could also provoke resolved states to double down on the activity now that others are aware of the infraction. We develop a model that captures this fundamental trade-off. Three main results emerge. First, the state and its opponent may engage in a form of collusion—opponents do not expose resolved states despite their distaste for the behavior. Second, when faced with uncertainty, the opponent may mistakenly expose a resolved type and induce escalation, leading the opponent to have ex post regret. Finally, as the strength of secret action increases, states may engage in it less often. This counterintuitive result is a consequence of the opponent's greater willingness to expose, which deters less resolved types.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3CH5A86G,2021-06-08,"Jacob Otto, William Spaniel",,International Studies Quarterly,2025-08-06T07:41:47Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1093/isq/sqaa081,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3166447701,32.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3166447701,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,,1.0 615,The Legality of International Espionage Based on the Nature of the Target and the Perpetrator,Journal article,https://www.usmcu.edu/Outreach/Marine-Corps-University-Press/Expeditions-with-MCUP-digital-journal/The-Legality-of-International-Espionage/,"The legality of espionage—the clandestine collection of human intelligence—between states during peacetime has not yet been pacified. While international war treaties address espionage, there are no treaties for espionage during peace, a period during which espionage is a common phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to investigate the legality of international espionage through an inductive approach and a bibliographic monograph procedure. The Hague Convention of 1907 and the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 are analyzed. The latter prohibits a number of acts and actions that would be carried out during espionage, such as the opening of diplomatic bags and correspondence, surreptitious entry, and data searching in archives and documents. The analysis shows that espionage in peacetime is prohibited against the diplomatic corps, their families, and their employees. The absence of prohibition of espionage in international treaties (with the exception of the diplomatic corps), in association with the universal practice of espionage by states, leads to the conclusion that espionage carried out between states is legal, even during peacetime. Therefore, it is lawful for states to conduct espionage operations against other governmental authorities, military personnel, scientists, researchers, and others. The authors also concluded that the nature of the target and the perpetrator determines the legality, or lack thereof, of international espionage. Espionage carried out by or against a diplomatic corps may lead to diplomatic, economic, transport, communication, or even legal sanctions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y63ZXCFF,2025-06-10,"Alfredo Ribeiro Pereira, César Augusto Silva De Silva",,Expeditions with MCUP,2025-08-06T07:39:09Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.36304/ExpwMCUP.2025.06,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411179719,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 616,Agent 202: New secrets emerge on an American who spied for Cuba,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/7pGCww64jJwp4wWDzcS4Er,"Codenamed ""Agent 202,"" Kendall Myers went undetected as a spy for Cuba for nearly 30 years. He worked at the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, secretly spying for Cuba out of an earnest love for the island, its people, and their leader Fidel Castro. Myers was caught in 2009, after he retired. State Department Security Specialist and former Diplomatic Security Special Agent Bill Stowell was part of the team that worked the case. He shared new exclusive details with SpyCast, as Myers continues to serve a life sentence for espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D4M4LYGE,2025-07-29T11:00:00Z,SpyCast,,,2025-08-06T07:34:53Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 617,True Spies Debriefs: Seth Thévoz on Espionage in London's Clubland,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/4VrOVitXcw0clLh81myzVB,"True Spies producer Morgan Childs joins researcher and author Seth Thévoz to discuss the origins of London's elite gentlemen's clubs - and the movers, shakers and spies who have called them a home-from-home.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NWVJ4FTI,2025-07-29T07:01:00Z,Morgan Childs,,,2025-08-06T07:36:10Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 618,Agent of Chaos: The Austrian Fugitive Running Russia’s Global Spy Networks,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/4A4vwshanFinmIWiUOf6b2,"Today he’s one of the most wanted men in the world, but before Jan Marsalek fled to Russia, he was the COO of payment-processing firm Wirecard. Officials and investigators say Marsalek used the company to finance Moscow’s covert operations and spy networks in Africa and Europe. In 2020, nearly €2 billion vanished from Wirecard, along with Marsalek. Financial Times reporter Sam Jones has been uncovering new details through his reporting on Season 3 of Hot Money: Agent of Chaos.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J2WHASY8,2025-07-22T11:00:00Z,SpyCast,,,2025-08-06T07:33:11Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 619,Decoding Secrets Through Symbols: How Military Insignia Revealed Russia's Hidden SIGINT Network,Report,https://checkfirst.network/decoding-secrets-through-symbols-how-military-insignia-revealed-russias-hidden-sigint-network/,"For over a year, CheckFirst researchers have systematically collected and analysed hundreds of photographs of Russian military insignia available on manufacturer websites, resale platforms, and specialised forums. What began as an exploration of “phaleristics” (the academic study of medals and military decorations) evolved into a comprehensive mapping of Russia’s signals intelligence (SIGINT) infrastructure.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FV6VMRHQ,2025-07-18T03:00:00+00:00,Amaury L,,,2025-08-04T19:56:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 620,The Intelligence Intellectuals: Social Scientists and the Making of the CIA,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/The-Intelligence-Intellectuals,"The untold story of how America's brightest academic minds revolutionized intelligence analysis at the CIA In the early days of the Cold War, the United States faced a crisis in intelligence analysis. A series of intelligence failures in 1949 and 1950, including the failure to warn about the North Korean invasion of South Korea, made it clear that gut instinct and traditional practices were no longer sufficient for intelligence analysis in the nuclear age. The new director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Walter Bedell Smith, had a mandate to reform it. Based on new archival research in declassified documents and the participants' personal papers, The Intelligence Intellectuals reveals the neglected history of how America's brightest academic minds were recruited by the CIA to revolutionize intelligence analysis during this critical period. Peter C. Grace describes how the scientifically sound analysis methods that they introduced significantly helped the United States gain an advantage in the Cold War, and these new analysts legitimized the role of the recently created CIA in the national security community. Grace demonstrates how these professors—such as William Langer from Harvard, Sherman Kent from Yale, and Max Millikan from MIT—developed systematic approaches to intelligence analysis that shaped the CIA's methodology for decades to come. Readers interested in the history of the Cold War and in intelligence, scholars of intelligence studies, Cold War historians, and intelligence practitioners seeking to understand their craft's foundations will all value this insightful history about the place of social science in national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DMFZG2EI,2026-01-01,Peter C. Grace,Georgetown University Press,,2025-08-04T17:42:12Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 621,Seizing the Opportunity to Enhance Intelligence-Policy Relations,Blog post,https://icds.ee/en/seizing-the-opportunity-to-enhance-intelligence-policy-relations/,"The unusual geopolitical moment created by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine and, now, by the shift in official US policy and tone present enormous challenges for Europe’s political leaders, national security officials, and intelligence professionals. But the troubling times also offer a once-in-a-generation opportunity to make rapid, significant improvements to the flow of analysis from intelligence providers to policymakers—applying lessons that have taken US officials decades to learn.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/76SW4L8W,2025-06-25T14:00:57+00:00,David Priess,,,2025-08-03T10:49:46Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 622,The “analysis of competing hypotheses” in intelligence analysis,Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/acp.3550,"The intelligence community uses “structured analytic techniques” to help analysts think critically and avoid cognitive bias. However, little evidence exists of how techniques are applied and whether they are effective. We examined the use of the analysis of competing hypotheses (ACH)—a technique designed to reduce “confirmation bias.” Fifty intelligence analysts were randomly assigned to use ACH or not when completing a hypothesis testing task that had probabilistic ground truth. Data on analysts' judgement processes and conclusions were collected using written protocols that were then coded for statistical analyses. We found that ACH-trained analysts did not follow all of the steps of ACH. There was mixed evidence for ACH's ability to reduce confirmation bias, and we observed that ACH may increase judgement inconsistency and error. It may be prudent for the intelligence community to consider the conditions under which ACH would prove useful and to explore alternatives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F3XRILHR,2019-03-21,"Mandeep K. Dhami, Ian K. Belton, David R. Mandel",,Applied Cognitive Psychology,2025-08-02T15:39:19Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1002/acp.3550,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2923663112,53.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2923663112,2018.0,2026.0,2019.0,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/acp.3550,-1.0 623,Artificial Intelligence in National Security Intelligence,Thesis,https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/37867,"This thesis examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is being integrated into national intelligence work, focusing on operational practices, institutional dynamics, and ethical implications. It addresses three main research questions: How AI is being implemented in institutions such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), how Ukrainian intelligence agencies apply AI in the context of full-scale war, and how private AI actors like Palantir influence public intelligence infrastructure. The thesis uses qualitative document analysis based on policy papers, public interviews, and academic sources to explore these themes. The findings show that AI integration depends not only on technical capacity, but also on how institutions interpret and manage its application. The CIA illustrates a model of selective adoption, where human judgment remains central, and AI tools are introduced under strict legal and procedural controls. In Ukraine, AI technologies are applied across a broad range of intelligence and operational tasks, including geospatial analysis, open-source intelligence (OSINT), targeting, and information operations, demonstrating a more experimental and necessity-driven use. The Palantir case highlights how corporate platforms play a growing role in national security, raising questions about public oversight, data governance, and institutional dependency. The thesis suggests that AI in intelligence can be understood as part of a socio-technical system, where institutional norms, human roles, and technical design are interdependent. While AI offers new capacities, its influence depends on how it is embedded in organizational settings and subject to political and legal constraints. The study contributes conceptually and empirically to understanding how intelligence agencies and private firms navigate the changing landscape of digital security governance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9JS9X7FB,2025,Johann Kronen Thorsen,,,2025-07-31T17:02:53Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Master's Thesis,UiT The Arctic University of Norway,,,,,,,,, 624,Over the Wall: A BRIXMIS Intelligence Officer Behind the Iron Curtain,Book,https://thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/over-the-wall/,"‘A gripping account of the cloak and dagger game played in Berlin and beyond by Britain’s shadow warriors. A knife-edge Cold War showdown. A game of secrets, masterfully told.’ – Damien Lewis, Sunday Times No. 1 Bestselling Author The British Commanders’-in-Chief Mission to the Soviet Forces in Germany, better known as BRIXMIS, was arguably the most successful and enduring intelligence organisation of the whole Cold War. Its three-man teams maintained a permanent presence behind the Iron Curtain, patrolling East German soil every single day from 1946 until the fall of the Berlin Wall changed the face of post-war Europe. In a follow-up to The Deadly Game, Will Britten, a career Military Intelligence Officer, treats us to a fresh, and in places hard-hitting look at his experience as one of the last generations of Cold War warriors. Over the Wall details reconnaissance missions in the depths of the DDR, targeting by Stasi surveillance teams, and fascinating personal contacts with ‘the enemy’. Beyond this, he puts forward the shocking proposition that Moscow had almost certainly compromised BRIXMIS through their own agents operating within the wide US military system. Providing a rare insight into the activities of the GRU-staffed Soviet military teams deployed reciprocally in West Germany, Over the Wall ultimately poses an intriguing question: in the final balance whose missions were operationally more effective?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z9QJ66VK,2025-04-29,Will Britten,The History Press,,2025-07-31T17:01:33Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 625,Syrian intelligence will play a major post-war role,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1108/OXAN-DB240578,"The role of Syrian intelligence agencies.In the process of recapturing territory, President Bashar al-Assad’s government is concurrently re-establishing its administration, including policing and what it labels ‘security’. Before the conflict, the different components of the security sector, including police and intelligence agencies, were crucial in maintaining regime control. The war has changed their relationships, organisational arrangements and connection to the government. The intelligence agencies have risen in prominence, becoming central to the so-called ‘reconciliation’ process, currently ongoing, and to the regime’s future governance plans. Intelligence agency chiefs are unlikely to face prosecution domestically or internationally for what almost certainly constitute war crimes.International engagement (whether humanitarian, business, political or cultural) will require an acceptance of the security services' role.Intelligence agencies will use their part in the reconciliation process to expunge the legacy of opposition institutions.If the government captures Idlib, intelligence agencies' role will be determined by agreements with Russia and Turkey.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MTNGFZQD,2018-12-14,Oxford Analytica,,Expert Briefings,2025-07-31T17:00:49Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1108/OXAN-DB240578,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4245579132,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 626,Opinion | Brennan and Clapper: The Trump Administration Is Rewriting History of Russia and 2016,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/30/opinion/trump-obama-treason-russia-miller.html,We want to set the record straight and also sound a warning.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D5E6ULMH,2025-07-30,"John O. Brennan, James Clapper",,The New York Times,2025-07-31T12:28:47Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 627,The Dixie Mission(aries): The Protestant Roots of US Intelligence Officers in Wartime China,Book chapter,https://fordhampress.com/9781531512026/shots-in-the-dark/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/56UC6KY3,2025-09-02,Sara B. Castro,Fordham University Press,,2025-07-29T22:41:07Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,"Shots in the Dark: Experimentation, Success, and Failure in the Second World War",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 628,World War II and Soviet Intelligence and State Security Officer Defectors,Book chapter,https://fordhampress.com/9781531512026/shots-in-the-dark/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5PGRM72P,2025-09-02,Kevin P. Riehle,Fordham University Press,,2025-07-29T22:43:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,"Shots in the Dark: Experimentation, Success, and Failure in the Second World War",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 629,Who Do You Believe? Loyalty and Asian Americans in the OSS during World War II,Book chapter,https://fordhampress.com/9781531512026/shots-in-the-dark/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G2QGAI6L,2025-09-02,Brian M. Hayashi,Fordham University Press,,2025-07-29T22:43:41Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,"Shots in the Dark: Experimentation, Success, and Failure in the Second World War",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 630,"The Diversity and Versatility of British Intelligence in Iraq, 1939-1945",Book chapter,https://fordhampress.com/9781531512026/shots-in-the-dark/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EXK3HA7E,2025-09-02,Adrian O'Sullivan,Fordham University Press,,2025-07-29T22:42:45Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,"Shots in the Dark: Experimentation, Success, and Failure in the Second World War",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 631,Optimizing Cognitive Performance: Cutting-Edge Neuroscience for Intelligence Analysts,Journal article,https://www.potomacinstitute.org/steps/index.php/issues/july-2025/optimizing-cognitive-performance-cutting-edge-neuroscience-for-intelligence-analysts,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PVFRHU6K,2025-07-01,Bob Gourley,,,2025-07-29T21:59:01Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 632,Australia is at critical juncture to reform parliamentary intelligence oversight,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/australia-is-at-critical-juncture-to-reform-parliamentary-intelligence-oversight/,"Australia’s intelligence agencies are increasingly centre-stage as cyber threats, foreign interference, grey-zone competition and the prospect of Indo-Pacific conflict reshape our national security. This means that the need for robust, adaptive oversight of those agencies ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CEJACDMR,2025-07-20T20:00:20+00:00,Chris Taylor,,,2025-07-29T22:45:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 633,"Nurture, sustain innovation to make Australian intelligence ‘match fit’",Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/nurture-sustain-innovation-to-make-australian-intelligence-match-fit/,"Australia’s intelligence agencies must adapt to stay match fit as international contest intensifies. Even with recent transformational investments, the business model of the national intelligence community (NIC) is being challenged, including how the NIC collects ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IEW6EJ4U,2025-07-28T20:00:21+00:00,Chris Taylor,,,2025-07-29T22:45:08Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 634,Rebuilding epistemic authority: strategic transparency and digital ethnography in policing and intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2025.2521553,"In the post-truth era, policing and intelligence agencies face a dual crisis: navigating complex security threats while confronting a collapse in public trust and epistemic authority. When truth itself becomes contested, how can institutions tasked with safeguarding society maintain legitimacy and authority? This commentary argues that restoring legitimacy requires more than technological fixes or piecemeal procedural reforms. It demands a structural transformation in how institutions communicate, engage and sustain truth within democratic societies, where trust and truth are deeply co-dependent. Drawing on examples from the United States, Canada, Australia and the UK, the article introduces strategic transparency as a principled framework for balancing operational secrecy with public accountability. Furthermore, by developing new competencies such as digital ethnography, agencies can better understand and counter disinformation while reinforcing public trust. In an era where facts are contested and trust is fragile, strategic transparency offers a paradigm shift for rebuilding epistemic resilience and democratic legitimacy – ensuring that institutions not only defend national security but also serve as credible stewards of truth in a contested information environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q4E6XECM,2025-07-20,"Daniel Baldino, Mark Balnaves",Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2025-07-29T22:38:53Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/18335330.2025.2521553,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412504975,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4412504975,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,,1.0 635,Yugoslavia’s Influence on Anglo-American Covert Action in Albania in the Early Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2527101,"Yugoslavia was a key influence on Anglo-American covert action in Albania under Operation BGFiend/Valuable in the early Cold War. Previous scholarship has neglected Belgrade’s impact on the covert intervention in several areas: First, Western aims were downgraded from rollback to subversion and harassment primarily due to calculations about Yugoslavia’s security in the face of Soviet bloc hostility after its expulsion from the Cominform. Second, Tito waged an aggressive rival covert action campaign and refused repeated requests to cooperate with Western intelligence in Albania, impeding Anglo-American operations. Third, an eighteen-month courtship took place in which the Central Intelligence agency and Directorate for State Security flirted with conducting joint operations, but a deeper relationship was thwarted when Yugoslavia normalized its relations with Albania and the Soviet bloc after Stalin’s death in 1953. The findings of this case study reveal both the potential and the limits of the Yugoslav–Western rapprochement of the early 1950s. It also highlights the need for research into the influence of actors beyond the Anglosphere in other Western covert action operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZRQ2CHHA,2025-07-23,Stephen Long,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-07-29T22:35:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2527101,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412605138,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 636,US spy case is latest embarrassment for Kremlin,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1108/OXAN-ES240540,RUSSIA/US: Spy case is new embarrassment for Kremlin,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZUE67AE8,2018-12-12,Oxford Analytica,,Expert Briefings,2025-07-29T22:32:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1108/OXAN-ES240540,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4244573797,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 637,Hong Kong and spying worsen China-Japan friction,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1108/OXAN-ES253702,JAPAN: Hong Kong and spying worsen friction with China,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IZI4QS4B,2020-07-03,Oxford Analytica,,Expert Briefings,2025-07-29T22:32:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1108/OXAN-ES253702,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4245674229,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 638,US-Europe interests converge vis-à-vis Chinese spying,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1108/OXAN-ES271413,CHINA: US-European interests converge vis-à-vis spying,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z9JCVHUR,2022-07-12,Oxford Analytica,,Expert Briefings,2025-07-29T22:31:06Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1108/OXAN-ES271413,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285088887,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 639,“There is a Spy Living Next Door”: The Spy Reporting System and Everyday Life Under the Anticommunist Policy of the Park Chung-hee Government,Journal article,https://scholar.kyobobook.co.kr/article/detail/4040071185327,"Analyzing intelligence documents from the Yongsan Police Station in Seoul, this study examines how the spy-reporting system functioned in South Korea under the Park Chung-hee government and its impact on urban social relations. Drawing on 115 cases of spy reports from 1973 to 1977, this research reveals how anticommunist surveillance mechanisms penetrated everyday life and shaped urban communities. The study finds that the reporting system primarily targeted three groups: frequent movers in a rapidly urbanizing Seoul, individuals with connections to Japan or North Korea, and members of the urban lower class without stable employment, such as day laborers and bar workers. While previous research has focused on fabricated spy cases and democratization movements, this study uniquely illuminates how ordinary citizens internalized and practiced anticommunism in their daily lives. The findings suggest that anticommunist practices served as a means of managing social anxieties generated by rapid industrialization and urbanization, while simultaneously allowing urban residents to engage with state power. The spy-reporting system created communities based on exclusion rather than inclusion, as suspicious persons were systematically marginalized. This research contributes to our understanding of how state ideology shaped individuals’ everyday lives during South Korea’s developmental period and suggests that contemporary social issues partly stem from this historical legacy of surveillance and exclusion.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YJVBKB2F,2025-06-01,권혁은,,Korea Journal,2025-07-07T08:27:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.25024/kj.2025.65.2.172,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 640,Japan-US spying allegations will have limited fallout,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1108/OXAN-ES201468,JAPAN/US: Spying allegations will have limited fallout,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EQ8BY39U,2015-08-05,Oxford Analytica,,Expert Briefings,2025-07-29T22:02:11Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1108/OXAN-ES201468,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4247293497,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 641,"Thinker, Lawyer, Soldier, Spy: The Makers of Xi Jinping’s Grand Strategy",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2025.2534287,"It is wrong to assume that Xi Jinping is the sole creator of China’s grand strategy. His vision for China as a great power on the world stage is in fact a composite of ideas and concepts put forward by different thinkers linked to military and national-security circles, as well as by international-relations and legal scholars, sometimes decades before Xi took power. It is important for outside observers to familiarise themselves with these individuals and their ideas. This article offers an introduction to key individuals who have helped to shape Xi’s grand strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5VV6ZWZC,2025-07-04,Nadège Rolland,IISS Website,Survival,2025-07-29T22:01:53Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/00396338.2025.2534287,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412828163,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 642,New head of Russian spy agency may modify its methods,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1108/OXAN-ES240088,RUSSIA: New spy agency chief may modify its methods,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HYYTKK7S,2018-11-22,Oxford Analytica,,Expert Briefings,2025-07-29T22:01:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1108/OXAN-ES240088,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4254116920,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 643,Towards an Open Source Intelligence and Machine Learning-Based Platform for Automation in Disaster Management Situational Awareness Reporting,Thesis,https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/105527,"This dissertation presents the development of a modular machine learning-based Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) platform for automated situational awareness reporting in disaster management. Through three progressive studies, the research demonstrates how a scalable system for analyzing microblogging data can be implemented by combining event detection, clustering, zero-shot classification, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and knowledge graphs. The first study establishes the methodological foundation for automated event detection using SimHash clustering and TF-IDF feature extraction. The second study enhances this approach by implementing sentence embedding with community detection for improved semantic grouping and integrating knowledge graphs for better structuring and interpretation of extracted information. The third study culminates in a fully modular OSINT system (ODET) that incorporates zero-shot classification and retrieval-augmented generation within an agent-based architecture, enabling flexible adaptation to various disaster scenarios. Evaluation through real-world case studies, including Hurricane Harvey and the 2023 Turkey earthquake, demonstrates high factual alignment with reference sources (AlignScore up to 89%) and confirms deployment feasibility across different hardware environments. The dissertation contributes to advancing automated intelligence gathering in crisis situations by overcoming traditional challenges of manual OSINT processes through an efficient, adaptable platform that enhances the speed and accuracy of situational awareness in disaster management.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q5744SNQ,2025-02-01,Klaus Schwarz,,,2025-07-27T11:50:41Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'LXMU5UXP']",,,PhD Thesis,Universidad de Granada,,,,,,,,, 644,Ethics in Practice: A Pragmatist Approach to Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2527100,"This article offers a new approach to intelligence ethics grounded in practice. Drawing on pragmatist ethics and a survey of intelligence professionals, we analyze how practitioners resolve moral dilemmas. Three findings stand out: legal deference often replaces ethical reasoning; analysts prioritize special obligations over general moral principles, especially familial ties; and, despite its prominence, the language of just intelligence is absent from practitioner responses. These results point to a gap between theoretical ethical frameworks and lived ethical reasoning in intelligence work. Rather than impose new rules, we highlight a form of ethical reasoning already in use—situated, context sensitive, and empirical. This pragmatist lens, we argue, better captures the complexities of ethical judgment in intelligence practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JHHKIFN4,2025-07-23,"Francesco Margoni, Giangiuseppe Pili, Jules J. S. Gaspard",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-07-27T11:47:55Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2527100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412605133,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,, 645,Counterintelligence and political spying by the FBI at the beginning of the Cold War (the case of Elizabeth Bentley),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869049925020084,"The complexity of modern international relations, the rivalry of intelligence and counterintelligence of different countries and the socio-political situation force experts to increasingly turn to historical examples. The purpose of this study is to analyze the case of intelligence officer Elizabeth Bentley, caught and overturned by the US Federal Bureau of Investigation. Based on materials of the FBI archive and scientific literature available to researchers on the topic, conclusions were drawn about the impact of this case, its course and consequences. After the capture and awareness of Bentley’s small potential for further opposition to the intelligence agencies of the USSR, federal agents decided to use the failed double agent for propaganda purposes, which contributed to reinforcement of the first accusations of radical conservatives in the US Congress known in historiography as “McCarthyists”. Parallels have been drawn with the current situation in US politics and society, where a much more dubious, from the point of view of facts, “Skripal’s case” gradually became the basis for the campaign “of Russian influence” on the elections and administration of President D. Trump, which became one of the tools of the inter-party struggle in the US.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XZMWBPZK,2025-07-21,"Yaroslav A. Levin, Левин Ярослав Александрович, Dmitry V. Surzhik, Суржик Дмитрий Викторович",,Obŝestvennye nauki i sovremennostʹ,2025-07-25T17:46:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.31857/S0869049925020084,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 646,Learning from mistakes: the impact of the October 7 surprise attack on the youngest generation of IDF intelligence analysts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2526931,"This article explores the individual-level effects of an intelligence failure; in particular, on entry-level intelligence analysts. It draws on interviews with graduates of the first class of the IDF Intelligence Directorate’s basic training in intelligence analysis to take place after Hamas’ surprise attack on Israel on 7 October 2023. The article finds that, despite the reputational damage to the Israeli intelligence, the graduates’ motivation to serve in it was not impaired. However, they face significant challenges, chief among them is a heavy sense of responsibility and a terrible fear of failure that may cause either paralysis or alarmism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7A75A76L,2025-07-20,Ofek Riemer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-07-23T07:16:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/02684527.2025.2526931,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412499851,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4412499851,2025.0,2026.0,2025.0,,0.0 647,Policing the Containment Order: The FBI and the Cold War Christian Right,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/church-history/article/policing-the-containment-order-the-fbi-and-the-cold-war-christian-right/E8BF1ECB1C5E953231DA86471DFA518F,"According to an influential narrative, the Cold War era Federal Bureau of Investigation led in the construction of a countersubversive machinery that was designed to punish progressive dissent and to uphold a conservative Christian capitalist public order. This narrative has been constructed with very little research done into the FBI’s actual views of and relations with the Cold War era political and religious Right, the ideology of which it was supposedly enforcing. Recent availability of FBI files makes such a study now possible – and yields results that destabilize the long-dominant narrative. These files show that the Bureau was in fact just as engaged in surveilling and repressing right-of-center organizations, and those of that era’s Christian Right in particular. Materials in the files suggests that far from being an empowering agent for the emerging Christian Right, the Cold War era FBI was in fact policing and enforcing a notably liberal containment consensus and that its views on “genuinely” American religiosity were very far from being far-right.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S93WA98H,2025-07-10,Markku Ruotsila,,Church History,2025-07-23T07:13:57Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/S0009640725101868,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412159273,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E8BF1ECB1C5E953231DA86471DFA518F/S0009640725101868a.pdf/div-class-title-policing-the-containment-order-the-fbi-and-the-cold-war-christian-right-div.pdf, 648,"The use of intelligence in UN peacekeeping operations: principles, rules, and standards",Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2JBVAXEP,2025-07-01,"Nicholas Tsagourias, Camino Kavanagh",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:39:38Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 649,The status and treatment of captured spies under the law of war,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XZNG9JQL,2025-07-01,Heather A. Harrison Dinniss,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:38:52Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 650,Civilians and military intelligence in international law,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZAI3N7TZ,2025-07-01,Alison Pert,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:38:31Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 651,Intelligence collection in response to human rights crises,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XY6T57WD,2025-07-01,Naomi Hart,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:38:14Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 652,Putting a spy in the dock: immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction for the crime of espionage,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XFUARAM8,2025-07-01,"Tom Ruys, Paul M. Mora",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:37:47Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 653,Peacetime cyber espionage and international law,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MAHKEPAA,2025-07-01,Patrick C. R. Terry,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:37:01Z,"['8XXD789V', 'UVSM9U3L']",,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 654,Surveillance satellites and international law,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WZHQ9F58,2025-07-01,Russell Buchan,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:36:18Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'UVSM9U3L']",,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 655,Aerial reconnaissance and international law,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XB5KLYHF,2025-07-01,Fabien Lafouasse,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:35:49Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'UVSM9U3L']",,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 656,The use of submarine cable infrastructure for intelligence collection,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YFHJ27N5,2025-07-01,Tara Davenport,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:35:19Z,['TEMXY72R'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 657,Intelligence collection and the international law of the sea,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MWJ8VNPL,2025-07-01,James Kraska,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:34:55Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 658,Economic espionage under international law,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J6W6WJ8G,2025-07-01,David P. Fidler,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:34:29Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 659,Surveillance and the European Court of Human Rights,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2T6A23T4,2025-07-01,François Dubuisson,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:34:02Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'UVSM9U3L']",,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 660,The International Court of Justice and peacetime espionage,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5HSM98Y,2025-07-01,Iñaki Navarrete,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:33:37Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 661,State responsibility for negligent intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QDZYW6JQ,2025-07-01,Asaf Lubin,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:33:14Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 662,The international law of intelligence sharing during military operations,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ITCIALET,2025-07-01,Marko Milanovic,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:32:49Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 663,Trip wires and thresholds: intelligence collection and the jus ad bellum,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/65RMZI4Z,2025-07-01,"Craig Forcese, Xinyu Klee",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:16:26Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 664,Regulating information operations and activities: the principles of sovereignty and non-intervention,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TU3XSJN8,2025-07-01,"Zhixiong Huang, Xinyu Wei",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:15:20Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 665,The intelligence community as a normative actor under international law,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CWYQNUY4,2025-07-01,Sophie Duroy,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:13:14Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'UVSM9U3L']",,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 666,The intelligence function and world order,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ITYB9KLN,2025-07-01,Eneken Tikk,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:12:44Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 667,The intelligence cycle in the digital age,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EAPVCDLN,2025-07-01,"Damien Van Puyvelde, Clara Broekaert",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:11:26Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 668,Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law,Book,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/research-handbook-on-intelligence-and-international-law-9781802200171.html,"The Research Handbook on Intelligence and International Law brings together expert scholars and practitioners to comprehensively assess how international law applies to the work of the intelligence community. In doing so, the Research Handbook covers various rules of international law including the law of State responsibility and the principles of sovereignty, non-intervention, and non-use of force as well as specialised regimes such as the law of outer space, privileges and immunities, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X2JF8E55,2025-07-01,"Russell Buchan, Iñaki Navarrete",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2025-07-22T22:09:32Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 669,"The Soviet Spy Thriller: Writers, Power, and the Masses, 1938-2002",Book,https://www.peterlang.com/document/1192540,"It is commonly held among scholars that there was no mass literature in the Soviet Union during the Stalin years. What should we do, then, with Lev Ovalov’s Major Pronin or with the stories of Lev Sheinin, which began to appear in the mid-1930s? And what about Nikolai Shpanov’s post-war best-sellers? As The Soviet Spy Thriller demonstrates, the Soviet authorities did not like to admit that they published low-quality literature aimed at the uncultured masses, but they greatly valued its propaganda value. These works represented a break with the ‘Red Pinkerton’ tradition of the 1920s: the genre was being reinvented along new lines, with a new seriousness, and documentary pretensions. The building of a new kind of spy thriller also required a new enemy. Between the late 1930s and the early 1950s, the Soviet spy thriller reflects the shift from an obsession with class to a new preoccupation with nationality, as the Soviet Union constructed a new identity for itself in a rapidly changing world. The same identity discourse underwent another transformation in the post-Stalin years, when the Soviet agent, underground in the enemy camp, became a metaphor for double life of the ‘Soviet man’. A landmark new survey of a genre little known in the West, The Soviet Spy Thriller shines new light on cultural politics in the Soviet Union, and offers a fascinating counterpoint to the Western spy thrillers that will be so familiar to most readers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8N5VCTF9,2022-07-14,Duccio Colombo,Peter Lang,,2025-07-21T10:30:19Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 670,‘The Main Attack Will Be Directed Against Army Group North Ukraine’: Did Soviet Intelligence Successfully Implement Strategic Deception Plan During Operation Bagration in the Summer of 1944?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2025.2535174,"In the summer of 1944, the Soviet strategic offensive Bagration launched in Belorussia led to the collapse of the German Army Group Center and brought the Red Army closer to the Third Reich’s territory. Among the enablers of this Soviet success, the historiography of World War II mentions Moscow’s ability to create a false image of the Red Army’s deployment and thereby mislead the Germans into believing that the main Soviet blow would come in Ukraine. This article, based on German and British intelligence reports, discusses the hypothesis that Soviet strategic intelligence was also involved in the deception effort that paved the way for Bagration. According to it, back in the spring of 1944, Soviet spies managed to convince Berlin of the growing general fatigue of the Red Army and its desire to concentrate its summer offensive on the southern, Ukrainian sector of the Eastern Front.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z2ABRZQ2,2025-07-17,Yaacov Falkov,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2025-07-21T10:28:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2025.2535174,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412872507,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 671,2018 offences should be retained in a new age of espionage,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/2018-offences-should-be-retained-in-a-new-age-of-espionage/,"Australia’s 2018 espionage laws are instrumental to defending against espionage, foreign interference, sabotage and theft of trade secrets. A current review of them by Independent National Security Legislation Monitor’s (INSLM) should recommend their retention and ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IPK55AH2,2025-07-10T20:00:26+00:00,Chris Taylor,,,2025-07-20T13:45:11Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 672,“America’s Gatekeeper”: A Conversation with DCSA’s Director David Cattler,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/rw/podcast/americas-gatekeeper-a-conversation-with-dcsas/id201680433?i=1000716310920,Podcast Episode · SpyCast · 08/07/2025 · 32m,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/35FKAMU9,2025-07-08,David Cattler,,,2025-07-20T13:44:04Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 673,Breaking the Silence: Coming Out in the CIA,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/5hvFhiOKtEtbmJ8LvpVO1G,"Emerging alongside Joseph McCarthy’s Red Scare in the 1950s was the Lavender Scare: Widespread panic and paranoia over the inclusion of gay personnel in the federal government. Their perceived dangers led to the terminations and forced resignations of thousands. Fast forward to 1988 – Tracey Ballard, who worked at the CIA, headed in to take a polygraph exam. Not sure what would happen next, she did something no one else ever had – She told her polygrapher, ‘I’m a lesbian.’ Trace became the first openly gay CIA employee, and spent the next decade of her career fighting for inclusion, acceptance, and kindness within the agency. Her story highlights the critical importance of diversity, and the beauty in recognizing the things that make us different as well as the shared values that bring us all together. From all of us at the International Spy Museum, we are proud to celebrate the LGBTQ+ community this Pride month and beyond.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S5C9DRRN,2025-06-24T11:00:00Z,,,,2025-07-20T13:41:12Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 674,The Gehlen Organization and the Nazis,Book,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003153887,"This book uncovers the extent to which the Gehlen Organization, the intelligence organization created by the United States at the end of World War Two, recruited and used controversial individuals who had been heavily involved in the atrocities committed by the Nazis. Through an extensive study of records and primary sources, including the archives of the German armed forces during the Nazi era and the declassified files of the U.S. Army, as well as of several intelligence organizations such as the Central Intelligence Agency and the Intelligence Service of the Federal Republic of Germany, the book investigates the war record of individuals who were recruited by the Gehlen Organization. This investigative work proves that several General Staff officers hired had a dark past and that the organization ultimately served as a safe haven for many Nazis. The book provides a new and original perspective on essential events that took place at the end of World War Two, thereby contributing to a new interpretation of history. While all readers interested in historical accuracy will find this book of interest, The Gehlen Organization and the Nazis is crucial reading for students researching Nazi Germany, the early Cold War, intelligence studies, and postwar German history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9HC9HTKQ,2025-08-14,Badis Ben Redjeb,Routledge,,2025-07-20T13:39:26Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.4324/9781003153887,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412156009,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 675,"First Class Comrades: The Stasi in the Cold War, 1945-1961",Book,https://www.oldcastlebooks.co.uk/bookpage.php?isbn=9780857305206,"After the Second World War, divided Germany was saturated with spies. Among them were the 'first class comrades' of the Stasi - the East German Ministry for State Security. The early Cold War saw the Stasi establish itself as one of the world's most notorious spy and secret police agencies. Drawing on rarely seen files from the Stasi archives, First Class Comrades tells the Stasi story from a fresh perspective: how it helped to create a new European state, how its foreign intelligence service became one of the most successful ever, and how its spy-catchers tackled vigorous attempts by the West to infiltrate East Germany - attempts that influenced the decision to build the Berlin Wall. Full of new insights on Cold War espionage, and featuring newly discovered details of the Stasi's operational methods, First Class Comrades shines a light on this lesser-known period of Stasi history, and why its stories and lessons still matter today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y6KSVJ58,2025-06-01,J. Boulter,OldCastle Books,,2025-07-19T10:21:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 676,Under the Shadow of the Durand Line: British Armament Intelligence and Military Expeditions (1893-1913),Journal article,https://katwacollegejournal.com/abstract/IJRSNS_06-02012502-Soumen%20Paul-History.pdf,"The Durand Line made the Indian subcontinent so delicate that it created the opportunity for British administrators to maintain the divide-and-rule policy. The critical examination of Intelligence and military strategies utilized by Britishers during the inception of Durand Line 1893 to 1913 lies in this paper. The endeavors of British Military strategists to obtain the Afghanistan combat techniques and the execution of a few military expeditions, considering restrictions of British control in the region is the epicenter of this paper. The ‘Great Game’ culminates the politics and circumstances of NWFP and the strategic concerns over Russian expansionism. Despite diverse military campaigns and the establishment of the Indian Intelligence Corps in 1905, the Britishers ease off to keep up a steady territorial administration, leading to long-term frailty and inevitably contributing to broader geopolitical shifts that wrapped up with Afghanistan’s independence in 1919.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5Q8LMAZ,2025-06-01,Soumen Paul,,International Journal of Research on Social and Natural Sciences,2025-07-19T10:18:58Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 677,Honey Trap Espionage in the Age of Digital Warfare: Strategic Lessons from India’s DRDO Scandal and Implications for Pakistan’s National Security,Journal article,https://qjssh.com.pk/index.php/qjssh/article/view/379,"Modern hybrid warfare has made the honey trap espionage tactic a serious non-kinetic threat where seduction and psychological exploitation techniques are used to obtain otherwise secure information. The scandal of 2024 in India, where the senior scientist Pradeep Kurulkar was blackmailed by an online relationship with a foreign agent, manifests the weaknesses of technologically advanced defense structures that lack psychological readiness. This paper will explore the mechanics of the honey traps, paying particular attention to the example of an Indian case, and look at how digital platforms have changed in the exploitation of these spying methods. It also examines how this compromises the national security of Pakistan, that is, the defense and strategic institutions. The paper offers specific recommendations, such as digital surveillance, psychological training, and anti-espionage measures, with reference to the findings, which are, in turn, directed towards making Pakistan capable of preventing any attempts of penetration in its sensitive sectors. The study would help to improve the aspects of national security and adopt a more active combat stance against emerging threats in the era of digital warfare.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y3474Q9D,2025-07-16,"Syed Rizwan Haider Bukhari, Atiq Ur Rehman Bin Irshad, Ehsanullah Khan",,Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,2025-07-19T10:16:41Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.55737/qjssh.vi-iii.25379,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412962524,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://qjssh.com.pk/index.php/qjssh/article/download/379/399, 678,Intelligence Reform at 20 How Joint Military Intelligence Lost Its Groove and How to Get It Back,Magazine article,https://digitalcommons.ndu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1320&context=joint-force-quarterly,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NIC4KMIB,2025-07-15,"Laura J. Coco-Hampton, Karalee G. Picard",,Joint Force Quarterly,2025-07-19T10:14:17Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 679,The Next War: Indications Intelligence in the Early Cold War,Book,https://press.ucalgary.ca/books/9781773856230/,"The Next War draws on recently declassified documents to reveal the hidden history of allied intelligence networks during the early Cold War. The threat of nuclear conflict loomed menacingly over the world during the Cold War. Early warning of an attack was a crucial focus for military and political intelligence. Intelligence networks in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom came together, forming a tripartite intelligence relationship dedicated to indications that the Cold War would turn hot. The Next War is the first full account of the development of the allied indications network. Timothy Andrews Sayle dives deeply into recently declassified documents to explore this previously hidden history. He traces the decisions and choices made by intelligence organizations in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom to coordinate their assessments despite different, sometimes conflicting, national agendas, ideological positions, and levels of trust. From early appreciations of the possibility of war with the Soviet Union to a formal agreement and communications network designed to link the intelligence establishments of Ottawa, London, and Washington, the tripartite intelligence relationship of the allied indications network established the basis for the close cooperation that continues to this day. The Next War widens our understanding of Cold War intelligence history through exemplary scholarship and extensive foraging within the documentary record. With its descriptions of the evolution of national indications intelligence structures and the diplomacy and debates between allied capitals this book explains Canada’s prominent role alongside its intelligence partners.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3LNCF3VE,2025-07-15,Timothy Andrews Sayle,University of Calgary,,2025-07-18T22:01:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 680,SECURITY GUARANTEES PROVIDED BY INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE SERVICES: A REALIST–LIBERAL ANALYSIS,Journal article,https://magazines.ulbsibiu.ro/studiasecuritatis/wp-content/uploads/STUDIA-SECURITATIS-No.-1-2025-FINAL.pdf#page=106,"This article examines the structural limitations—such as unequal strategic interests, lack of enforcement mechanisms, and asymmetries in military capabilities—that constrain the effectiveness of security guarantees provided by international treaties. It focuses on how intelligence services, through covert informational mechanisms (e.g., espionage, disinformation, and clandestine influence), shape the credibility (i.e., perceived reliability and deterrent strength) and functionality (i.e., operational capacity to mobilize allies and respond collectively to threats) of collective defense commitments. Grounded in a comparative framework between liberalism and realism, this article analyzes how national interest, power dynamics, institutional trust, and intelligence cooperation intersect to either support or erode treaty-based security mechanisms. To empirically illustrate these dynamics, the article applies its theoretical lens to the case of the “drôle de guerre” (1939–1940), where the failure of France and the United Kingdom to intervene militarily in defense of Poland highlights how strategic restraint and intelligence considerations can undermine formal obligations—even in multilateral settings. The article also engages constructivist theory to reflect on how norms, identities, and collective perceptions influence the interpretation and credibility of security guarantees. Furthermore, it assesses the normative and operational need for democratic oversight of intelligence activities within alliances, proposing concrete mechanisms for aligning intelligence services with alliance commitments. Ultimately, the article argues that successful security guarantees rest on a synthesis of power, institutional design, and normative cohesion. By combining structural and ideational explanations, the study offers a more comprehensive understanding of why some treaties hold under stress while others collapse. The findings carry significant implications for the design of future security arrangements in a fragmented and increasingly contested international order.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ML6THRRB,2025-07-01,Radu-Michael Alexandrescu,,Studia Securitas Journal,2025-07-18T07:53:56Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 681,"AI in Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance",Report,https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep68306.6,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQX47EP7,2025-03-06,Kateryna Bondar,,,2025-07-18T07:51:39Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 682,Exploring the meaning and challenges of early warning,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2526930,"A consistent challenge in the study and practice of warning is that of definitions. This article focuses on the meaning of early warning, arguing that it should be explicitly separated from the terms strategic and timely. Next, it employs a strategic, operational, and tactical early warning framework, discussing the meaning of providing early warning at each level. It then concludes by discussing the challenges of providing early warning and identifies a paradox; early warnings have the greatest likelihood of entirely preventing or deterring threats, but are the least likely to succeed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G3HT4G78,2025-07-15,Johnathan P. Proctor,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-07-18T07:28:03Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2526930,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412466836,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4412466836,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,,1.0 683,Exploring State Development in Africa through Intelligence: Introducing the African State Intelligence Agencies Dataset,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2520794,"How do African intelligence agencies relate to state building and consolidation of state power in Africa? This study investigates whether patterns of African state development might be observed by scrutinizing sovereign intelligence services in Africa. To that end, it introduces an original dataset on African state intelligence agencies. It argues that consolidation of state power in Africa would be manifested through the history and organization of African state intelligence services. Utilizing an original dataset, this study concludes that the relative lack of consolidation of state power (or state weakness) in Africa is associated with the history, organization, and activities of state intelligence apparatus in the postcolonial era. It also found that whenever African intelligence agencies engage in repression and civil wars, state capacity declines. In addition to the original quantitative dataset that this study provides, its findings contribute to the empirical intelligence literature and have important policy implications.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZEJNK4Q4,2025-07-09,Ibrahim Kocaman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-07-14T19:01:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2520794,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412125646,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 684,Missing the Bolt from the Blue: British Intelligence and the Third Anglo-Afghan War of 1919,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2025.2526030,"This paper explores how the colonial intelligence system operated on British India’s north-west frontier during the first two decades of the twentieth century. Coming off of its successes during the famed Great Game of the mid-to-late 1800s, this system had a fearsome reputation. Its failure to warn of the surprise attack that started the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919 – the ‘bolt from the blue’ – thus came as a shock. Drawing on contemporary intelligence reporting, government correspondence, memoranda and reports, and the private papers of colonial officials, this paper examines the bureaucracies responsible for frontier intelligence during the time period and the system’s failure in 1919. It argues that those responsible viewed intelligence as a collateral duty, leading to a lack of coordination and intelligence sharing and precluding independent analysis. These flaws proved fatal and precluded British intelligence from delivering either strategic or tactical warning before the outbreak of war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4SBA7KQR,2025-07-09,Travis Kaiser Weinger,Routledge,The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,2025-07-14T19:00:30Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/03086534.2025.2526030,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412119743,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 685,Public intelligence as a strategic tool: the role of real-time intelligence disclosure in the Ukraine War,Journal article,"https://securityanddefence.pl/Public-intelligence-as-a-strategic-tool-the-role-of-real-time-intelligence-disclosure,205566,0,2.html","This paper aims to analyse the role of public intelligence as a strategic tool in modern conflicts, focusing on its use during the Russo-Ukrainian War. It employs a qualitative research design, combining comparative case analysis and document analysis to examine the role of public intelligence as...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CZFFTY2Y,2025-06-30,Alfred Marleku,"War Studies University, Poland",Security and Defence Quarterly,2025-07-14T19:00:01Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 686,Security Intelligence in the Age of AI,Book,https://bookstore.emerald.com/security-intelligence-in-the-age-of-ai-hb-9781836081579.html,"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a linchpin in modern security strategies, thanks to its ability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make data-driven predictions. However, this technological surge requires careful examination within legal and ethical frameworks. Security Intelligence in the Age of AI: Navigating Legal and Ethical Frameworks explores the potential of AI technologies in security intelligence and examines the legal framework surrounding their use. Authors in this collected edition address how existing legal frameworks adapt to the intricacies of AI in security intelligence. They advocate for the development of adaptive and forward-looking legal structures and propose recommendations for policymakers to craft legislation that keeps pace with the evolving landscape of AI in the realm of security. This approach is crucial to ensure that technological advancements do not outpace our ability to regulate them effectively. This work serves as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners interested in leveraging AI technologies to enhance security intelligence. Legal professionals, security practitioners, and policy makers gain insight from contributions from leading scholars in the field of security intelligence and AI applications.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VURW94BC,2025-07-14,"Pushan K. Dutta, Bhupinder Singh, Christian Kaunert, Annita L. Sciacovelli",Emerald Publishing Limited,,2025-07-05T19:12:36Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 687,Ukrainian Intelligence’s Use of Telegram in Wartime,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2522222,"Since the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the Main Directorate of Intelligence (HUR) has adopted a structured, public-facing communication strategy on Telegram that diverges from conventional intelligence practice. This approach integrates three recurring functions: projecting institutional legitimacy, targeting the adversary through disclosure, and mobilizing domestic publics. In doing so, the HUR turned intelligence communication into an ongoing process of public engagement rather than episodic outreach. These patterns underpin an emerging concept of participatory intelligence communication. The HUR’s case demonstrates how, under high-intensity conflict, a state intelligence service may use digital platforms to coordinate narrative control, reinforce legitimacy, and enlist the public as contributors. While grounded in Ukraine’s specific wartime conditions, these findings extend existing frameworks of intelligence communication and offer broader insight into how intelligence agencies may reconfigure their public role in wartime.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MKEIJRI4,2025-07-08,Peter Schrijver,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-07-12T08:45:40Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2522222,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412107055,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4412107055,2025.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2522222,0.0 688,"The Far Right and Israeli Intelligence, a Collaborative Relationship in Italy in the 1970s",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2025.2528006,"This study examines the 1973 massacre at Milan’s police headquarters, situating the event within its historical, political, and geopolitical context. It explores the collaboration between Italy’s far-right movement, particularly Ordine Nuovo (ON), and Israeli intelligence agency Mossad, analyzing these ties in relation to Italy’s pro-Arab and pro-Palestinian policies, epitomized by the Lodo Moro agreement. This arrangement permitted Palestinians to transport weapons and explosives through Italy, provided no attacks were conducted on Italian soil. The massacre is investigated as a case study, advocating for an analytical framework that integrates the geopolitical ideologies of radical groups and assesses their potential to influence state-level or supranational geopolitical strategies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/672G9YR4,2025-07-07,Nicola Guerra,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2025-07-12T08:44:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2025.2528006,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412080779,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4412080779,2025.0,2026.0,2025.0,,0.0 689,"Intelligence Cooperation between the Kuomintang Agents and British Special Operations Executive in Singapore-Malaya, 1942-1945",Journal article,https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/P20201113001-N202506200004-00002,"This article delves into the collaborative intelligence efforts between Kuomintang (KMT) agents and the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) during the Pacific War. Broadly, preceding the outbreak of hostilities in the Pacific, the British lack of preparedness for a potential Japanese incursion into Singapore-Malaya resulted in inadequate local readiness by the SOE. On December 8, 1941, with the onset of the Pacific War, tensions escalated due to the clandestine nature of KMT's intelligence apparatus in Singapore-Malaya and the rapid collapse of British defence. Consequently, the SOE opted to align with the Malayan Communist Party. Following the total capitulation of Singapore-Malaya on February 15, 1942, retreating SOE personnel initiated the Indian Mission upon reaching India, establishing contact with KMT through figures like Lim Bo Seng and fostering a collaborative partnership. Subsequently, individuals handpicked by the KMT underwent rigorous training in India. Despite concerted efforts, KMT agents successfully infiltrating Malaya via submarines managed to establish an operational intelligence network. Nonetheless, the relentless pursuit by the Japanese Kempeitai led to the dismantling of this network, resulting in the apprehension of key figures such as Lim Bo Seng. Overall, KMT agents made a notable contribution to the SOE's intelligence endeavours in Malaya during the Pacific War, thereby playing a significant role in the eventual Allied victory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GWM2K8SS,2025-06-01,"Shuaishuai Guo, Kee-Chye Ho, Tek-Soon Ling",,Malaysian Journal of Chinese Studies,2025-07-12T08:42:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.6993/MJCS.202506_14(1).0002,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 690,Information Gathering and Military Intelligence Under Louis the German.,Journal article,https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd:186178155?sid=ebsco:plink:crawler&id=ebsco:gcd:186178155,"This study analyzes the process of creating military intelligence in the ninth century under King Louis the German of East Francia. Louis was constantly at war, both in civil wars against Carolingian relatives and against numerous peoples across his long eastern frontier. The king therefore needed to keep abreast of political and military situations in several theaters at once, and he devoted substantial effort to collecting as much intelligence as possible to facilitate military preparedness. In the absence of many dedicated intelligence documents, this study relies on annals, chronicles, charters, and more to elucidate what can be discerned about the functions of a long-past intelligence system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8JSAPV7T,2025-07-01,Christopher P. Flynn,,Journal of Military History,2025-07-12T08:41:50Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 691,"Striking the Empire: the Rome embassy bombing and the Irgun campaign against Britain in Europe, 1946–1947",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2526953,"This article examines the 1946 bombing of the British Embassy in Rome, the first Zionist attack in Europe, which marked a strategic shift in the Irgun’s tactics from localised resistance to an international campaign targeting British interests. By analysing the bombing’s causes, execution, and investigation through newly declassified Italian police records and British intelligence materials, this study situates the attack within the broader framework of the Irgun’s European operations. Conducted between October 1946 and August 1947, this campaign exposed Britain’s postwar vulnerabilities and contributed to the complex interplay of political, economic, and security challenges that ultimately shaped its decision to relinquish the Mandate for Palestine.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PKC7IGSV,2025-07-10,Massimiliano Fiore,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-07-11T13:41:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2526953,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4412158244,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 692,An attack on US intelligence,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/an-attack-on-us-intelligence/,The president’s willingness to manipulate assessments of Iran's nuclear programme suggests that he prioritises his public narrative over the effectiveness of America's intelligence services.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MIR4IKQY,2025-07-10,Matthew Hefler,,,2025-07-11T13:40:21Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 693,"Mind Blown: U.S. Intelligence Agency Research Into Mind Control and Psychic Abilities, 1952–1995",Thesis,https://www.proquest.com/docview/3225691357?pq-origsite=primo,"Starting in 1952, U.S. intelligence agencies dedicated resources to funding scientific research into mind control and psychic abilities, leading to the creation of the programs MK-ULTRA and STAR GATE. The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) established the MK-ULTRA program in 1952 to research methods of brainwashing, and both the CIA and the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency funded the STAR GATE program from 1972 to 1995, investigating methods of clairvoyant remote viewing. Both topics are today considered “pseudoscience,” but while STAR GATE researchers faced labels of “pseudoscientist,” brainwashing was not considered pseudoscience during the 1950s. I argue that the assumed reality of brainwashing meant that MK-ULTRA researchers did not feel pressure to make their experiments “scientific,” while skepticism and the controversy around the existence of psychic phenomena influenced STAR GATE researchers to make their experiments “scientific.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EY9SR5FW,2025,Eleanor Elizabeth Drummond,,,2025-07-07T08:41:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Master's Thesis,University of Maryland,,,,,,,,, 694,Intelligence Failures and Strategic Surprises in Complex Geopolitical Environments,Book,https://bookstore.emerald.com/intelligence-failures-and-strategic-surprises-in-complex-geopolitical-environments-hb-9781836086116.html,"We are in an era marked by rapid geopolitical shifts and evolving security challenges, the need for a comprehensive understanding of intelligence failures and strategic surprises has never been more critical. In this important work, Frederic Lemieux analyzes intelligence failures and strategic surprises in geopolitical contexts, offering historical and contemporary case studies, exploring causes and consequences, and providing insights into improving intelligence practices and understanding future geopolitical challenges. Bridging the gap between academic theory and practical intelligence analysis in the context of modern geopolitical instability, Lemieux features in-depth case studies spanning over eight decades, from the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 to the recent Hamas Attack in 2023. Recounting not only the events but also dissecting the types and sources of intelligence failures and their broader geopolitical implications, this historical breadth provides readers with a diverse range of scenarios to understand the evolution and recurring patterns of intelligence oversights. By exploring how technological advancements such as artificial intelligence can mitigate human cognitive biases, Lemieux presents a forward-looking perspective on intelligence practices. Operating under the premise that understanding past failures is crucial for improving future intelligence operations, this study demonstrates how we can re-shape international relations and emphasizes the importance of adapting intelligence analysis to the changing nature of global threats. A timely work which integrates insights from political science, psychology, history, and technology, this text provides intelligence professionals, policymakers, scholars, and students with a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between intelligence, decision-making, and geopolitical dynamics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SAC29GAL,2025-06-30,Frederic Lemieux,Emerald Publishing Limited,,2025-07-05T19:10:50Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 695,Cyber GRU. Russian military intelligence in cyberspace,Book,https://naullibres.com/libro/cyber-gru-russian-military-intelligence-in-cyberspace/,"This book provides an in-depth view of the GRU, the Russian military intelligence agency, in cyberspace. With its Soviet roots, the GRU is a secretive organization that conducts hostile operations in both kinetic and cyber domains. Particularly in cyberspace, the GRU has developed powerful capabilities through various military units and a full spectrum of techniques. These capabilities allow the agency to conduct a wide range of cyberspace operations, from sabotage and espionage to psychological warfare. The complexity of some of these operations, combined with the GRU’s high risk appetite and Spetsnaz-like mindset, makes it one of the most formidable and sophisticated cyber threat actors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SX4PLN6T,2025-07-04,Antonio Villalón Huerta,Naullibres,,2025-07-05T19:09:01Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 696,Taiwan: China’s Testing Ground for Intelligence Operations,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/taiwan-chinas-testing-ground-for-intelligence-operations/id201680433?i=1000702687769,Podcast Episode · SpyCast · 08/04/2025 · 32m,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9DDHUG9K,2025-04-08,Valerie Plame,,,2025-04-23T10:02:06Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 697,"The Bolivian Estimate: The CIA, Juan José Torres, and the Origins of Covert Action",Journal article,https://hdl.handle.net/1794/30980,"This study analyzes why the US approved a CIA plan to covertly support a coup against Bolivian President Juan José Torres in 1971 while at the same time they approved an overt military and economic aid package to Bolivia. Two conventional explanations of US intervention are analyzed: the desire to make the world safe for US business interests, and the desire to prevent a hostile military force from establishing a presence near the US. The first is analyzed by generating and testing propositions, and the second through process tracing. This study finds that both of those explanations do not fully explain the covert action and examines a potential third explanation based in organization theory and how future research could investigate the theory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FAAFF86K,2025-06-19,Story Arney,University of Oregon,Oregon Undergraduate Research Journal,2025-07-05T10:56:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.5399/uo/ourj/23.2.9,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411675943,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.5399/uo/ourj/23.2.9, 698,Secrets on Display: Stories and Spycraft from the International Spy Museum,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700638819/,"Intelligence history comes alive in this delightful collection of stories and photographs. Secrets on Display takes readers on a tour of the thrilling, real-life history of intelligence and espionage from around the world. With tales of spies, codebreakers, moles, terrorist-hunters, spy chiefs, propagandists, and secret agents, these new histories uncover a world that many of us only see in the movies. Bringing together stories and artifacts from the International Spy Museum in Washington, DC, this book makes the world’s largest museum devoted to intelligence history accessible to everyone. Secrets on Display brings this hidden history to life with over 200 photographs, including over 100 color images of artifacts—among them, James Bond’s Aston Martin DB5, the axe used to assassinate Leon Trotsky, a portion of the secret MI6 and CIA tunnel beneath East Berlin, and a precursor to the Predator drone, as well as concealment devices, secret cameras, disguise kits, cipher machines, and a host of other rare objects seldom seen by the public. These stories, told by historians, intelligence officers, and museum professionals, will fascinate scholars, intrigue practitioners, and entice those interested in a world of secrecy that most of us can scarcely imagine.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q2EE3KRI,2025-06-01,"Mark E. Stout, Sarah-Jane Corke",University Press of Kansas,,2025-07-05T10:55:05Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 699,Intelligence and security,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032641089-15/intelligence-security-andrew-moran,"This chapter will explore how the collapse of the Soviet Union has seen the role of the intelligence agencies redirected towards a growing number of security issues, including international crime, weapons proliferation, the problems of cyberspace, and the spread of terrorism. This movement away from state-centric surveillance has led to an explosion in intelligence gathering. Furthermore, the spread of globalisation has also undermined the traditional Westphalian state-centric model, which has led to an increasing integration of foreign intelligence operations and domestic surveillance, and international cooperation between intelligence agencies. An update to this chapter, for example, will include a discussion of the Five Eyes, an intelligence alliance involving the US, UK, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The role of intelligence agencies remains controversial, however, particularly in democratic countries where openness and accountability are important. Indeed, revelations such as those by Edward Snowden have ignited a debate about privacy and transparency, whilst the leaking of documents implicating the US (and the UK) in extraordinary rendition, torture, and secret detention sites has raised fundamental questions surrounding some activities carried out by the intelligence agencies in the name of protecting the security of citizens. These will be considered, along with the trade-offs that might have to be made.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TKU56DCS,2025-08-11,Andrew Moran,Routledge,,2025-07-05T10:52:26Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,International Security Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 700,Contraterorismul Statelor Unite ale Americii și Programul de detenție și interogare al CIA – între constrângere legislativă și permisivitate excepțională [US counterterrorism and the CIA detention and interrogation programme – between legislative constraints and exceptional permissiveness],Journal article,https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/revista/article/view/2156,"Prin metoda calitativă a analizei Programului de detenție și interogare prezenta cercetare științifică își propune să evalueze gradul de eficiență al tehnicilor de interogare intensificată, dezvoltate de CIA, bazându-se concomitent pe o dublă analiză de conținut: pe de-o parte, analiza primelor zece concluzii din Raportul Comisiei senatoriale, alese de comunitatea de informații a SUA cu privire la Programul de detenție și interogare al CIA, iar pe de altă parte, analiza elementelor puse la dispoziție de decidenți politici de vârf și de foști operativi din seviciile de intelligence american. Caracterul de noutate al temei articolului științific de față pentru peisajul literaturii de specialitate din România, dedicate contraterorismului american constă în faptul că, pentru a maximiza gradul de obiectivitate în evaluarea eficienței tehnicilor de interogare intensificată ale Agenției, pune față în față dimensiunea legislative, reliefată de Raportul Comisiei, cu cea informativ-operativă, susținută prin elementele factuale, selectate de la actanți importanți din cadrul comunitații de informații americane.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YXIWQXD3,2025-06-30,Lucian Buciu,,Buletinul Universității Naționale de Apărare „Carol I”,2025-07-05T10:51:14Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.53477/2065-8281-25-09,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411823830,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/revista/article/download/2156/2123, 701,Strategic Communication For Influence Operations: Emerging Challenges for National Security Intelligence,Journal article,https://journal.ipripak.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Article-2-IPRI-Journal-XXV-I-Dr-M-Ajmal-Abbasi-Ed-DE-OK-June30-Final.pdf,"Nation states shape their strategic environment to gain ascendancy over rivals with minimal human and material cost. The contemporary arena of communication has significantly enhanced the prospects of influence campaigns against selected targets for favourable responses. The pervasive information revolution has made identification, forewarning countering influence operations an uphill task for national security. Various instruments of strategic communication offer every actor an opportunity to manipulate information and mold the public opinion, accordingly. Influence campaigns thrive in an unabated accessibility environment, which infuses a tendency of reliance on personal judgments or peculiar narratives. Consequently, an official narrative becomes irrelevant, and a propensity for waning respect towards the institutions increases. The state’s intelligence apparatus has to get out of conventional mode and realign itself for dealing with the impending challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7MRYIAAH,2025-06-30,Muhammad Ajmal Abbasi,,IPRI Journal,2025-07-05T10:50:45Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.31945/iprij.250102,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411803482,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.250102, 702,Time and Narrative in Intelligence Analysis: A New Framework for the Production of Meaning,Book,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003623229,"This book offers a new framework and set of standards for intelligence analysis, drawing from a variety of academic disciplines, such as philosophy, historiography, literary theory and semiotics. The US Intelligence Community is guided by a conviction that its practitioners are engaged in the scientific pursuit of fact-based evidence and its institutions uphold a set of tradecraft skills based on objectivity, timeliness and non-politicization that serve to define professionalism. That approach is counterintuitive to the way analysts actually seek to use language and rhetoric to convince and persuade readers, and counterproductive to the future recruitment and retention of subject matter experts. This book re-examines the assumptions and biases that underlie the intelligence profession in America and its increasing turn toward Artificial Intelligence, with case studies of declassified analytical products on Argentina, China, Iraq, Italy and South Africa. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence, national security, philosophy, US politics and foreign policy. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z5YMYN22,2025-07-11,Joshua Yaphe,Routledge,,2025-07-05T10:47:14Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.4324/9781003623229,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411960294,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4411960294,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/oa-mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9781003623229&type=webpdf,1.0 703,The Determined Spy by Douglas Waller: The Turbulent Life and Times of CIA Pioneer Frank Wisner,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/667949/the-determined-spy-by-douglas-waller/,"From Douglas Waller, New York Times bestselling author of Wild Bill Donovan, an intimate and expertly researched biography of little-known early CIA leader Frank Wisner, whose behind-the-scenes influence on Cold War policy–and hundreds of highly secret anti-Soviet missions–resonates with the international crises we see today. Frank Wisner was one of the most powerful men in 1950s Washington, though few knew it. Reporting directly to senior U.S. officials–his work largely hidden from Congress and the public– Wisner masterminded some of the CIA’s most daring and controversial operations in the early years of the Cold War, commanding thousands of clandestine agents around the world. Following an early career marked by exciting escapades as a key World War II spy under General William “Wild Bill” Donovan, Wisner quickly rose through the postwar intelligence ranks to lead a newly created top-secret unit tasked–under little oversight–with overseeing massive propaganda, economic warfare, sabotage, subversion, and guerrilla operations all over the world, including such daring initiatives as the CIA-backed coups in Iran and Guatemala. But simultaneously, Wisner faced a demon few at the time understood: bipolar disorder. When this debilitating disease resulted in his breakdown and transfer to a mental hospital, the repercussions were felt throughout Washington’s highest levels of power. Waller’s sensitive and exhaustively researched biography is the riveting story of both Frank Wisner as a national figure who inspired a cadre of future CIA secret warriors, and also an intimate and empathetic portrait of a man whose harrowing struggle with bipolar disorder makes his impressive accomplishments on the world stage even more remarkable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VR3H48JB,2025-04-08,Douglas Waller,Penguin Random House,,2025-07-04T14:58:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 704,Deconstructing and Reconstructing Strategic Counterintelligence: Toward a New Model - CSI,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-69-no-2-extracts-june-2025/deconstructing-and-reconstructing-strategic-counterintelligence-toward-a-new-model/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W2EXL83G,2025-06-01,Roald Moyers,,Studies in Intelligence,2025-07-04T14:53:13Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 705,Beautiful in Another Context: A Counterintelligence Assessment of GTPROLOGUE - CSI,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-69-no-2-extracts-june-2025/beautiful-in-another-context-a-counterintelligence-assessment-of-gtprologue/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CSB6V447,2025-06-01,Alexander Orleans,,Studies in Intelligence,2025-07-04T14:52:05Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 706,"Iran’s Shadow Weapons: Covert Action, Intelligence Operations and Unconventional Warfare",Book,https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/irans-shadow-weapons/,"Surveillance, assassination, and war by proxy—all ingredients for an unending disaster that never seems to end for those exposed to the wrath of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Despite the prevalence of these and other malign acts, few observers understand why and how the regime chooses these tools of fear and disruption. Even fewer can foil them. In this first work of its kind, the author draws upon two decades of experience to lay bare the calculus, structure, and execution of Iran’s foreign intelligence activities, covert actions, and unconventional warfare operations. This book reveals how the regime’s shadowy work is driven by a warring mixture of rampant paranoia, unshakable greed, and cold rationality. He meticulously reveals a policy toolkit wielded for self-interest and survival, supported by strategies to eliminate opposition figures, stifle dissent, and promote defense in depth around Iran. Before any others, the Iranian people are simultaneously the regime’s greatest source of insecurity and its chief target in a series of policies taking hold since 1979.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I8NR49EG,2025,Jonathan W. Hackett,McFarland,,2025-07-04T14:49:38Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 707,"If studies of intelligence failures are ‘postmortems,’ they should use postmortem causal concepts",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2025.2523067,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/64G5LKLM,2025-06-30,William Bendix,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-07-03T07:15:23Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2523067,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411826927,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 708,Trump Is Breaking American Intelligence,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/trump-breaking-american-intelligence,"“Speak plainly!” Russian President Vladimir Putin snapped at his foreign intelligence chief, Sergei Naryshkin, at a televised security council meeting on the eve of his shambolic full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Naryshkin was visibly nervous. Once he had finally stammered out his support for recognizing the Ukrainian regions of Donetsk and Luhansk as independent states—the words Putin was waiting for—he was abruptly told to sit down, like an unprepared pupil flubbing an oral exam.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/56WJVGYE,2025-07-02,"David V. Gioe, Michael V. Hayden",,Foreign Affairs,2025-07-02T15:20:03Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 709,When Sabotage Goes Orbital: Rethinking the Russian Space Threat,Blog post,https://kcsi.uk/kcsi-insights/when-sabotage-goes-orbital-rethinking-the-russian-space-threat,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2QPU68DL,2025-06-30,Elena Grossfeld,,,2025-07-02T15:19:32Z,['TEMXY72R'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 710,"Iraqi Ba‘thists in America’s Cold War: Covert Action, Paramilitarism and Violence",Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-iraqi-ba-thists-in-america-s-cold-war.html,"Explores the US government's covert relations with the Iraqi Ba‘th Party as it brutalised Iraqi communists Reveals new details of the Central Intelligence Agency’s relationship with the Ba‘th Party Provides a full account of the early Iraqi Ba‘th Party Brings Iraqi women into the history of covert action and Cold War violence Draws on previously unexploited Iraqi memoirs and Ba‘th Party documents This book reveals the covert relationship of the United States with the Iraqi Ba‘th Party in the 1960s. The book traces this relationship from the party’s underground activities, through its first seizure of power, to the party’s return to clandestine organising after its overthrow by a military coup. The administration of President John F. Kennedy armed the Ba‘thist regime, provided content for its media, and trained its personnel. A state-private network sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency supported Ba‘th Party labour and student organizations. Simultaneously, the regime detained, tortured, and murdered thousands of Iraqi communists. It also waged a genocidal war against Iraqi Kurds. Bringing Iraqi women into the story, the book explores how both Americans and Ba‘thists imagined a democratic future for Iraq and rationalized their resort to insurgent and counterinsurgent violence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CZVNHUCF,2025-06-01,Weldon C. Matthews,Edinburgh University Press,,2025-07-02T10:46:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 711,16: Intelligence studies,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781785366130/chapter16.xml,"Intelligence is the collection and analysis of information about dangers and opportunities facing a nation, as a prelude to effective decision-making by government officials. Additionally, intelligence agencies may be directed by officials to engage in covert action: the secret use of propaganda, political, economic, and paramilitary operations around the globe to advance a nation's interests. Counterintelligence is an additional spy mission meant to shield a nation against the machinations of hostile intelligence services and domestic subversives, such as blocking cyberattacks or thwarting attacks by domestic extremists. Important, too, is intelligence accountability, ensuring that secret agencies remain allegiant to legal boundaries in a democratic society. Only recently has the study of this hidden side of government become an established academic discipline, known as Intelligence Studies, and subject to the rigors of scholarly inquiry. This new field has already yielded solid contributions to a better understanding of International Relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V32MQTSG,2025-06-17,Loch K. Johnson,Elgar Online,,2025-07-02T08:51:26Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,Handbook of International Relations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 712,INTELLIGENCE STUDIES – AN ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE?,Book chapter,https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=1345651,"Is Intelligence Studies an academic discipline? The subject of many debates, Intelligence Studies represents an intellectual corps of almost four-decade long academic efforts focused on the development of science journals, research monographs, scientific conferences, university academic programs, theses and dissertations, research projects, etc. Its epistemological base is located somewhere between the disciplines of Political Science, International Relations, Security Studies, and History, and its thematic scope is practically limitless, covering topics from Management Studies, through Psychology, to Sociology of professions. This review of the development of Intelligence Studies is trying to map all the established elements of the Studies as a possible academic discipline, and to collect all the intellectual efforts related to critical examination of the Studies within the available academic sources. The expected result should be embodied in the comprehensive map of pros and cons related to the epistemological, methodological, and theoretical potential of the Intelligence Studies at present. State of the art sources and academic contributions in this field will be used as a material for analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6Y2G8USC,2023,Ivan R. Dimitrijević,Institut za strategijska istraživanja,,2025-07-02T08:36:46Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,Strategic Intersections The New Architecture of International Security,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 713,Modeling covert offensive cyber engagement decisions left of launch against limited ballistic missile fires,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2500847,"Covert action of all kinds against strategic systems enjoys a long if somewhat hidden history. Efforts to counter the threat of ballistic missile fires from adversary states have increasingly focused on actions intended to deny, degrade and disrupt hostile batteries and their operations ‘left of launch’, before flight in anger. Offensive cyber capabilities are widely anticipated to play a substantial role in such actions. However, little information has been publicly disclosed regarding concepts of operation under which left-of-launch missions may be executed. As a result, many aspects of future operations in crisis and conflict remain unexamined, with attention to date largely focused on broader questions of nuclear stability. But the offensive cyber instrument is characterised by its constant employment in operations short of war, and in ways intended to shape future warfighting outcomes. We will weigh the balance between treating this mission as covert action, vice as an acknowledged military strategic mission. We explore the potential conditions of engagement, from program development to crisis manoeuvering, and in limited use scenarios. We will consider the implications for arsenal management, escalation and deterrence dynamics – along with the hard decisions that will confront planners and policymakers in such operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4HKTVPRD,2025-06-26,JD Work,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-06-27T23:30:31Z,"['8XXD789V', 'B6RJNLTK']",10.1080/02684527.2025.2500847,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411668565,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 714,The Intelligence Network of T. E. Lawrence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2025.2497981,"What can network analysis teach us about human intelligence networks in the past? This study reveals T. E. Lawrence’s strategic role as an indispensable intelligence broker within a decentralized network structure. By assimilating small, detached subnetworks with frequent internal ties, Lawrence bridged diverse groups, accessed varied information sources, and effectively disseminated intelligence, making himself an indispensable intermediary. I combine network analysis, comparative case studies, and archival research to show that the structural attributes of Lawrence’s network offered him operational flexibility, streamlined decision-making, and efficient intelligence gathering. Such advantages, however, came at the cost of over-reliance on a single actor, intelligence fragmentation, and inconsistent oversight, which could compromise larger-scale planning. This study encourages the integration of human intelligence alongside modern solutions to create a balanced strategy, that combines responsiveness with resilience that technology alone cannot fully provide.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/66R6VZ2D,2025-06-24,Jianlian Hu,Routledge,Security Studies,2025-06-27T23:29:01Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/09636412.2025.2497981,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411593966,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 715,Articulation of Turkey in Declassified OSS/CIG/CIA Documents (1945–1952),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2514108,"The geopolitical framing of Turkey in declassified Office of Strategic Services/the Central Intelligence Group/the Central Intelligence Agency (OSS/CIG/CIA) documents during the early Cold War gives insight into how the CIA framing foreign policy decisions with regard to Turkey and its vicinity. By applying Lene Hansen’s Intertextual Discourse Analysis Model, the research critically analyzes the OSS/CIG/CIA1 memoranda and documents from 1945 to 1952, focusing on the Near East and Turkey. Unlike previous studies, this research relies exclusively on declassified intelligence documents to uncover the CIA’s geopolitical discourse. Turkey was categorized within the broader American geopolitical imagination, particularly in the political context of early Cold War period. This study contributes to the understanding of Cold War–era intelligence practices and geopolitical strategies, shedding light on how Turkey’s strategic significance was constructed and articulated within one of the most influential U.S. intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NGCMAG66,2025-06-24,Zeynep Elif Koç,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-26T19:01:33Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2514108,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411599104,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 716,Prisoner Snatching and Intelligence Failures in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Vulnerability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2505099,"This study addresses the phenomenon of prisoner snatching in Bangladesh, examining the intelligence failures that facilitate these operations. The rise of extremist groups, especially Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh and Ansar Al Islam, has urgently highlighted the need for improved prison security. Through a qualitative analysis of official reports, media sources, and academic literature spanning from 2012 to 2024, significant intelligence lapses before and during prisoner snatchings have been identified. Key contributing factors include militant activity, political unrest, and erosion of public trust in law enforcement. The Dhaka Jailbreak serves as a critical case that underscores the capabilities of extremist groups and the ensuing challenges faced by security agencies. To mitigate future incidents, there is a critical need for enhanced intelligence coordination and proactive measures. A comprehensive understanding of the operational dynamics of extremist organizations is imperative for bolstering prison security and ensuring national safety. Continuous vigilance and effective intelligence practices are essential to safeguard the nation against evolving threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CM8D9YFS,2025-06-23,MD. Nasir Uddin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-26T19:00:36Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2505099,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411542633,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 717,The espionage revolution,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/the-espionage-revolution/,"For centuries, scientific and technological advances have been exploited by intelligence officers. The digital revolution is no exception.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZSMALX63,2025-06-24,David Omand,,,2025-06-24T22:42:54Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 718,CIA and State Department Rivalry: The Case of Iraqi Kurdistan,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2502795,"The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has historically acted as a de facto State Department for the U.S. government in areas where formal diplomatic relations were not established. This was the case with the agency’s relations with the Iraqi Kurds. The Kurds first contacted the United States through the CIA. The CIA’s intelligence collection with the Kurds has mainly involved human intelligence (HUMINT). Nevertheless, these political and intelligence-focused interactions created uncertainty when the agency’s relationships with the Kurds were transferred to the State Department. This study is divided into two main sections. First, it explores how the CIA and the Kurds established relations, and sheds light on their current relationship. This helps explain the recent developments that have been overlooked in existing literature. Second, it delves into the HUMINT operations that have taken place in Iraqi Kurdistan, aimed at combating both state and nonstate actors. Finally, the article examines a policy issue faced by the CIA and the Kurds. Washington’s recent top-down strategy in the Kurdistan region of Iraq that primarily deals with the Kurdistan Regional Government has led some Kurdish factions to align themselves with America’s adversaries. At its essence, the issues could be linked to the nature of the CIA and the State Department. The first has a bottom-up approach, appealing to formal state institutions, while the latter has a top-down strategy, appealing to both formal and informal groups within a state. This dualism is also reflected across the Middle East, where the United States is present. For instance, a government like the one in Baghdad has friendly relations with Washington, yet groups within its borders are launching rockets at American military bases.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8CI2RZS4,2025-06-20,Farhang Faraydoon Mohammed Salih,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-23T20:13:15Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2502795,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411489207,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 719,"The Maritime Strategy Ashore: Amphibious Operations, Intelligence, and the Security of NATO's Northern Flank",Thesis,https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/etd/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=ohiou1743441259159018,"During the 1970s, British and American intelligence assessments revealed the Soviet Union intended to seize NATO’s Northern Flank, Northern Norway and the Baltic Straits, should war erupt. Under Soviet occupation, the Northern Flank could be used to attack NATO’s bases and sea lanes. Intelligence assessments led the United States and the United Kingdom to commit their amphibious forces, the Marine Corps and Royal Marines, to the Northern Flanks defense. The role of amphibious forces committed to the Northern Flank grew during the 1980s. The US Navy’s Maritime Strategy, a plan aimed at attacking the Soviet Union’s vast and vulnerable periphery, relied on amphibious forces securing the Northern Flank. Under the Maritime Strategy, the Northern Flank allowed naval forces access to Soviet bases and waters containing nuclear missile submarines. The Maritime Strategy also called on amphibious forces to use the Northern Flank as a base for assaults on the Soviet coast. This dissertation argues intelligence assessments validated the need for the United States and United Kingdom to maintain their amphibious forces, as such forces would be needed to secure friendly territory and deter aggression. This dissertation also explores the importance of regions like the Northern Flank, as they influence the movement of fleets and security of sea-based commerce.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S6NV4JIU,2025,Harrison G. Fender,,,2025-06-23T20:12:16Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,PhD Thesis,Ohio University,,,,,,,,, 720,"Watching the Jackals: Cold War Terror, Espionage, and Prague’s Secret Role",Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/warstudies/watching-the-jackals-cold-war-terror-espionage-and-pragues-secret-role,"How did communist Czechoslovakia become a hub for Cold War terrorists like Carlos the Jackal and Abu Daoud? And what can today’s intelligence professionals learn from its uneasy covert alliances? In this episode, Dr Daniela Richterova, Senior Lecturer in Intelligence Studies at the Department of War Studies, joins Dorothea Gioe, Visiting Research Fellow at the King’s Centre for the Study of Intelligence, to discuss her new book Watching the Jackals. Drawing on newly declassified archives, she reveals how Czechoslovakia’s State Security Service (StB) navigated its complex, and often contradictory, ties with radical non-state actors—and how those Cold War entanglements still echo in today’s security landscape.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y5SAG8UI,2025-05-21,Daniela Richterova,,,2025-06-22T09:01:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 721,"Intelligence, Strategy, and the Israeli-Iranian War",Blog post,https://warontherocks.com/2025/06/intelligence-strategy-and-the-israeli-iranian-war/,States use intelligence to inform their strategic decisions — and to influence their friends. Israel has a long history of passing secret intelligence to,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2RPRZEKN,2025-06-20T07:30:13+00:00,Joshua Rovner,,,2025-06-21T20:29:57Z,['AKVWM8BZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 722,CARR Theory: Explaining Intelligence Product Success and Failure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2513082,"CARR theory provides a comprehensive, non-relational, and falsifiable framework for evaluating knowledge-based intelligence products. It posits that such products can only be successful when they meet four minimum necessary conditions: conveyance, actionability, relevance, and reliability (CARR). Counterintuitively, CARR challenges the assumption that timeliness and accuracy are necessary conditions for intelligence product success. The theory offers practitioners, scholars, and policymakers a parsimonious tool to aid the diagnosis of product success and failure.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BDXGIXH6,2025-06-18,Daniel J. Reisner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-21T14:29:52Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2513082,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411400844,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 723,European intelligence cooperation on combating security threats,Journal article,https://ibn.idsi.md/ru/vizualizare_articol/230523,"This paper aims to analyze the main issues concerning the evolution of the intelligence field at the level of the European Union and the formation of the current concept of security architecture, to maintain the security of space through the element of cooperation at its foundation. The current context is giving rise to new prospects for making national and European institutions in this field more effective, with a view to maintaining security by combating risks and threats. While traditional security challenges remain important, the most serious threats to international security increasingly stem from transnational phenomena. Transnational terrorism, transnational criminal networks, nuclear proliferation, the development of harmful bio-pathogens, the continuing illegal trade in conventional weapons – all these threats have one thing in common beyond their destructiveness: they are transnational. As such, they are extremely difficult to combat or counter through individual state action. But a European policy should be the answer to combating them. The relevant decisions to be taken by the EU in the areas of foreign, security and defense policy must be safeguarded by reliable situation assessments created based on intelligence gathered. We will also consider intelligence barriers as a clear indication of the need to improve information sharing and intelligence coordination at European level. A security debate is therefore needed on the future of cooperation solutions between EU Member States and deeper integration.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9W5AZVKI,2025-06-16,"Mihalache Veronica, Popa Cristian",,Law and Life,2025-06-20T09:16:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 724,US Intelligence Failure and Knowledge Creation: Improving Intelligence Analysis,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003472926/us-intelligence-failure-knowledge-creation-kathleen-vogel-carl-ford-jr,"This book examines the roots and elements of the research and knowledge-generation problems in US intelligence. The work identifies the crux of the problem as the lack of a research capability in US intelligence, which developed over the past 40 years due to a variety of organizational decisions that prioritized current intelligence reporting and a focus on structural solutions to fix intelligence failures. The book argues that this is the principal cause of recent major intelligence failures regarding 9/11, the 2003 Iraq War, and the current Russia-Ukraine War. Throughout the book, the authors aim to provide short-, medium-, and long-term, policy-relevant recommendations to intelligence officials and members of US Congress, in the form of workforce, leadership, and organizational changes that can be implemented to address existing research shortcomings in intelligence analysis. The book’s conclusions will also be relevant to the intelligence agencies of other countries. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, national security, US politics, defence studies, and International Relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DFGWWQI7,2025-10-16,"Carl W. Ford, Kathleen M. Vogel",Routledge,,2025-06-20T09:13:33Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 725,Tactical Indicators and Warnings from Strategic Human Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2504000,"In November 1939, the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) received warning of a German invasion of Belgium and Holland that originated from Col. Hans Oster, the Abwehr’s deputy chief of counterintelligence. This warning is usually attributed as being passed to the BEF via the Dutch military attaché in Berlin, Maj. G.J. Sas; however, analysis of the records of the intelligence staffs shows that it was actually a warning Oster sent to a contact of his in Rome that was the first report to reach the BEF. The greatest intelligence gap for the BEF was the exact timing of the German invasion; the Oster reporting provided the only timely, unambiguous warning. Without this, it is unlikely that there would have been sufficient indicators for Allied intelligence to predict the time of the invasion from other available sources. This historical case study highlights the importance of military attachés as a source of intelligence, as well as revealing some of their limitations and the difficulties of using their networks of casual contacts. The different reactions to the Oster–Sas reporting by the senior BEF commanders show how personality, experience, and military situation all greatly affected their use of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DHBVJ52L,2025-06-17,Stephen Coulson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-20T09:10:28Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2504000,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411375801,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 726,Sharing Intelligence: Challenges between US and Ukraine,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/dk/podcast/sharing-intelligence-challenges-between-us-and-ukraine/id201680433?i=1000709124740,Podcast Episode · SpyCast · 20/05/2025 · 35m,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YAYYCIPJ,2025-05-20,,,,2025-06-19T14:05:53Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 727,The Secret Navy and Their Hunt for a Nazi Sub,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/ee/podcast/the-secret-navy-and-their-hunt-for-a-nazi-sub/id201680433?i=1000710993960,"How do you catch an enemy’s submarine … and then make it vanish? That’s what the U.S. Navy’s elusive Tenth Fleet planned, as it tracked down Germany’s U-505 submarine. The mission came right before the Allies ran ashore on the beaches of Normandy in World War II. Historian Alexander Rose draws on long classified documents and intercepted transmissions to reveal the bold, salt-soaked heist.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2LZ9DRC,2025-06-03,Alexander Rose,,,2025-06-19T14:04:44Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 728,Ghost Stories: The Hunt for Russian Spies in the US,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/bg/podcast/ghost-stories-the-hunt-for-russian-spies-in-the-us/id201680433?i=1000712258424,"In the early 2000s, the FBI uncovered a team of Russian operatives who had been living double lives in the United States. They were posing as professors, journalists, financial planners, real estate and travel agents, all while sending information back to Moscow. Now, 15 years after they were arrested, Alan Kohler, the former Assistant Director of the FBI's Counterintelligence Division, tells us what it was like to supervise the case which came to be known as Operation Ghost Stories.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L4ZQM5BS,2025-06-10,,,,2025-06-19T14:03:37Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 729,A Conversation with the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Chairman,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aH0FvYw7j2o,"SpyCast Host Sasha Ingber sat down with Rep. Rick Crawford, chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, to discuss today’s intelligence threats and the nuances of keeping intelligence apolitical in today's environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3BAH9AV9,2025-06-17,Rick Crawford,,,2025-06-19T14:02:37Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 730,The hole in Canada’s intelligence system is ASIS-shaped,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-hole-in-canadas-intelligence-system-is-asis-shaped/,"A hardy perennial in Ottawa politics is whether Canada should create a foreign intelligence service equivalent to the United States’ Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, aka MI6). If it does, ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CP5QVDCQ,2025-06-11T23:00:59+00:00,Linus Cohen,,,2025-06-19T14:01:20Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 731,Intelligence Window Might Have Been a Factor in Timing of Israeli Attack on Iran,Blog post,https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/06/18/intelligence-window-israel-iran-attack-nuclear/,Strategic concerns and domestic politics also played a role.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TQHJZTZE,2025-06-25,Daniel Byman,,,2025-06-19T14:01:03Z,['AKVWM8BZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 732,The Al-Qassam Brigades: an Open Source Geospatial Intelligence analysis of the al-Aqsa Flood Operation,Journal article,https://www.sicurezzaterrorismosocieta.it/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ebook_SicTerSoc_21-2025_9791255354406.pdf#page=100,"The increasing prevalence of asymmetric conflicts in a digitized world demands innovative intelligence approaches. This research introduces a novel Open Source Geospatial Intelligence model, integrating SOCMINT, IMINT, and GEOINT, to overcome the underutilization of open-source data in traditional intelligence frameworks. Applied to the Al-Qassam Brigades during the Al-Aqsa Flood Operation (October 2023), the model revealed precise breach pointsd in the Gaza-Israel separation wall and strategically targeted infrastructure through geospatial analysis of open-source videos. Notably, the study uncovered a synchronized three-pillar strat- egy: weapon sanctification, tactical demonstrations, and digital propaganda. These findings underscore the critical, yet often overlooked, value of systematically integrating OSINT, particularly geospatial analysis, to gain deeper insights into the operational dynamics and strategic communication of non-state actors. L’aumento della diffusione dei conflitti asimmetrici in un mondo digitalizzato richiede approcci innovativi nell’ambito dell’intelligence. Questa ricerca introduce un nuovo modello di Open Source Geospatial Intelligence, che integra SOCMINT, IMINT e GEOINT, con l’obiettivo di superare la scarsa valorizzazione dei dati open source nei tradizionali framework di intelligence. Applicato alle Brigate Al-Qassam durante l’Operazione Flood di Al-Aqsa (ottobre 2023), il mod-d ello ha permesso di individuare con precisione i punti di breccia nella barriera di separazione tra Gaza e Israele, nonché infrastrutture strategicamente colpite, attraverso l’analisi geospaziale di video open source. In particolare, lo studio ha rilevato una strategia sincronizzata articolata su tre pilastri: sacralizzazione delle armi, dimostrazioni tattiche e propaganda digitale. Questi risultati evidenziano il valore critico, ma spesso trascurato, dell’integrazione sistematica dell’OSINT – in particolare dell’analisi geospaziale – per acquisire una comprensione più profonda delle dinamiche operative e della comunicazione strategica degli attori non statali.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XRD3A88I,2025-06-01,Francesca Dellasette,,"International Journal of Italian Team for Security, Terroristic Issues & Managing Emergencies",2025-06-19T11:30:56Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 733,A Spy at War: Former MI6 Operative,Book,https://www.canelo.co/books/a-spy-at-war-charles-beaumont/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8JC55C9J,2025-03-27,Charles Beaumont,Canelo Action,,2025-06-16T19:58:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 734,"Captured documents of the Great Patriotic War in the center of attention of the Soviet intelligence, political bodies and archives",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.22204/2587-8956-2025-120-01-97-107,"During the Great Patriotic War, the intelligence, Main Political Directorate of the Red Army, Main Archival Administration of the USSR and other authorities organized the collection of documents captured from or left by the enemy. These documents, namely orders and reports, circular letters and communications of enemy units and subdivisions, regulations and instructions, soldiers' personal documents, letters from and to the front, photographs, all kinds of printed materials, were of military and political significance and were widely used in propaganda and the press. The paper explores the measures taken by various authorities to collect trophy documents and the difficulties they had to face in this work. These issues are poorly studied in Russian and foreign historiography, which determines their relevance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FIRXY2HI,2025-06-14,"Maria M. Beklemisheva, Беклемишева Мария Михайловна",,Humanities and social sciences,2025-06-16T19:45:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.22204/2587-8956-2025-120-01-97-107,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4409853449,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.22204/2587-8956-2025-120-01-97-107, 735,"‘An equal opportunity to spy?’: comparing women’s employment, empowerment, and institutional change in MI5 and the CIA",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2506285,"This article explores how the process of change in women’s employment within intelligence was navigated from the 1960s to the 1980s by comparing organisational responses and women’s experiences in both the CIA and MI5. It argues that multiple variables were necessary to break down barriers for women in intelligence, including broader socio-cultural transformation, the introduction of legal protections and anti-discrimination legislation, institutional change, and women’s activism. The combination of these factors was necessary for change in the intelligence sector.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4QRCV4CS,2025-06-13,Jess Shahan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-06-16T19:43:40Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2506285,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411278070,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,, 736,How Mitrokhin waged war from the archives,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/reviews/how-mitrokhin-waged-war-from-the-archives/,The KGB defector Vasili Mitrokhin's painstaking records of the Soviet Union's espionage activities offer insights that are just as relevant now as when they were first released 35 years ago.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BDFR4NK8,2025-06-16,Gill Bennett,,,2025-06-16T14:52:59Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 737,Blaise Metreweli named as first woman to lead UK intelligence service MI6,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2025/jun/15/blaise-metreweli-named-as-first-woman-to-lead-uk-intelligence-service-mi6,"Metreweli, 47, has held series of director-level roles in foreign intelligence service and in domestic agency MI5",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QVC2DQJT,2025-06-15T21:30:28.000Z,"Peter Walker, Dan Sabbagh",,The Guardian,2025-06-15T22:02:32Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 738,Storytelling in Intelligence: Theoretical Foundations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2500335,"Intelligence analysts frequently generate and assess “stories” to describe and explain what is going on in some situation. This activity has had little theoretical attention. The term narrative abduction is used for the processes by which reasoners estimate the plausibility of explanatory stories. This article provides a theoretical framework with analyses of key concepts, including narratives, narrative truth, narrative plausibility, and explanation. It then presents a normative proto-theory based on the idea that the ideal rational analyst would assess plausibility by reference to four epistemic criteria: explanatory power, narrative development, substantiation, and durability. It also presents a descriptive proto-theory, grounded in prior work in the cognitive science of intelligence analysis, which holds that analysts acquire an intuitive, holistic sense of the plausibility of candidate narratives over the course of attempting to identify and develop the strongest candidate; these intuitive assessments can be crystallized into explicit judgments and rationalized using selected considerations as arguments. These points are illustrated with a new kind of diagram for displaying the structure of narrative abduction challenges. Finally, it sketches the kinds of further research that would be needed to develop proper theories building on the theoretical framework and proto-theories.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZSDN2F79,2025-06-12,"Tim Van Gelder, Morgan Saletta, Richard De Rozario, Ashley Barnett, Tim Dwyer, Kadek Satriadi, Christine Shahan Brugh",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-15T07:37:55Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2500335,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411239200,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4411239200,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2500335,0.0 739,Polish Counterintelligence Operations Targeting U.S. Diplomatic Missions (1975–1989),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2498278,"This article examines a counterintelligence operation by Polish security services during the Cold War aimed at infiltrating U.S. consulates in Cracow and Poznan. Collaborating with the Committee for State Security, Polish operatives employed advanced espionage techniques, including radioactive isotopes, to access classified documents. The study traces the operation’s origins and methodology, revealing its influence on Polish leader Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski’s strategic decisions. By analyzing declassified materials, the research highlights how the stolen documents shaped Jaruzelski’s perceptions of U.S. diplomatic assessments and affected his policymaking regarding Soviet and American relations, emphasizing the significant role of covert intelligence in political decisionmaking during the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8F8EL6JV,2025-06-12,Tomasz Kozłowski,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-15T07:36:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2498278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411239683,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 740,Fighting Fire with Fire: Why Greek Intelligence Remained Politicised after the Junta Regime,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/contemporary-european-history/article/fighting-fire-with-fire-why-greek-intelligence-remained-politicised-after-the-junta-regime/2702DEE459FBAB52DFF1E7C614D52614,"Intelligence services have played pivotal and distinct roles in European political history since the Second World War, ranging from their position as a stronghold of authoritarian regimes to their role in protecting democracy from anti-democratic forces. Democratisation therefore requires the depoliticisation of intelligence services to prevent their reuse as tools of political oppression. Paradoxically, many examples show that the politicisation of intelligence often occurs in a context of democratisation. This article explains this paradox. It focuses on the persistent politicisation of the Greek intelligence service in the decades following the demise of the junta regime and its democratic consolidation (1974–2008). It shows that subsequent governments fought fire with fire in their efforts to democratise the service: they countered the junta heritage of the intelligence service by keeping it closely under their control and, consequently, aligning it with governing party interests. Moreover, a vibrant bottom-up, party-aligned labour union within the service became the main vehicle for the politicisation of the organisational culture. This research uses original oral history interviews with former service personnel, newspaper publications and parliamentary debates on the service between 1974 and 2008. This is the first research on the Greek intelligence service based on such large-scale, longitudinal and diverse empirical data collection. The results of this research are relevant beyond the specific case of Greece, as they point to the wider mechanisms of politicisation of intelligence services, especially in former authoritarian regimes in Southern and Eastern Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YKMQ686E,2025-06-09,"Eleni Braat, Anastasios Panoutsopoulos",,Contemporary European History,2025-06-14T11:26:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1017/S0960777325000244,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411158001,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2702DEE459FBAB52DFF1E7C614D52614/S0960777325000244a.pdf/div-class-title-fighting-fire-with-fire-why-greek-intelligence-remained-politicised-after-the-junta-regime-div.pdf, 741,Hybrid Intelligence as a Carrier of Disinformation and Hybrid Threats in Cyberspace,Journal article,https://www.nsf-journal.hr/nsf-volumes/volumes-and-issues/id/1521,"Social networks have become powerful media and communication tools that provide adequate support to state actors in cyberspace when planning and execution of influence operations. In this context, new patterns in planning and conducting covert offensive information operations will be presented, where artificial intelligence systems used by social networks play a crucial role. On a tactical level, these systems are utilized to exploit users' personal data on social networks regarding their political, ideological, and religious beliefs, as well as tendencies towards violent extremism, radicalism and terrorism, to create hybrid threats. The main hybrid threat presented here is automated and anonymous disinformation that adapts to these beliefs and tendencies. Hybrid intelligence is depicted as a key factor that has enabled the use of this category of user data for the creation of hybrid threats in cyberspace. The article aims to underscore that artificial intelligence systems used by social networks have enabled more effective exploitation of weaknesses in political and social systems based on personal data about the beliefs and tendencies of social media users who are not sufficiently aware of it. The application of hybrid intelligence has further complicated the counteraction and timely recognition, mitigation, and deterrence of the potential harmful consequences of hybrid threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GJVI8GLL,2025-02-20,Nikola Mlinac,,National Security and the Future,2025-06-14T11:24:07Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 742,Intelligence and Counterterrorism,Journal article,https://www.nsf-journal.hr/nsf-volumes/focus/id/1526,"Technical progress and technological development have enabled us to adopt innovative approaches in the fight against terrorism. Intelligence services plays a unique role in this fight. Their main task is to collect and analyze data and information on terrorist organizations, groups, and individuals. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and other new working methods are increasingly being used in the work of intelligence services. The bearers of terrorist threats posed by terrorist Preuzmite članak u PDF formatuperpetrators or malicious actors in modern circumstances use everything at their disposal, especially in the form of cyberterrorism. Likewise, the Russian full scale aggression on Ukraine on 2022 has employed the massive use of drones. An identical situation exists simultaneously in the Middle East, where state sponsors of terrorism, namely Iran, are also using drones on a massive scale, primarily through proxy networks in Lebanon, Gaza, and Yemen. Russia uses its proxies via Iran to the Houthis in Yemen to attack cargo ships and thereby terrorize international shipping traffic. It logically follows that terrorists will increasingly use drones of diverse types along with AI in the future to support their operations. Intelligence services must improve in all ways to promptly detect such threats. We can speak about the New Craft of Intelligence in modern circumstances, given that the entire data collection, processing, analysis, and prediction cycle depends on understanding and adapting intelligence services to these new challenges and sophisticated technologies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I6XBHC6N,2025-05-02,Darko Trifunović,,National Security and the Future,2025-06-14T11:20:02Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 743,Trolling for Terrorism: Searching for Signals and Noise in Internet Research Agency Messaging,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2460635,"Messaging by Russia’s Internet Research Agency (IRA) leveraged U.S. social media platforms, influence networks, and events to produce short- and long-term influence goals. During the 2016 U.S. election campaign, the IRA appears to have been aware of a terrorist attack before it occurred and sought to shape reactions. Data from a public archive of Twitter (X) posts attributed to the IRA show that, prior to the attack, the IRA increased the salience of their messaging connecting Muslims to terrorism and Democrats to weak records on terrorism and immigration from Muslim areas. To increase the reach of this operation, the IRA retweeted a set of accounts voicing these views, day after day, to increase the visibility of those accounts and shape the flow of messaging on the platform. The operation led to higher engagement with their tweets about terrorism after the attacks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SIYPUB95,2025-06-09,Michael J. Jensen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-14T11:17:42Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2460635,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411144297,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 744,Terrorist Informers in Northern Ireland,Book,https://doi.org/10.1093/9780191980879.001.0001,"By using informers to provide intelligence on terrorism, the security and intelligence agencies who handle them gain knowledge of their offences. Charges may then be brought against them provided evidence supports this course of action. But if imprisoned, an informer no longer has access to the time-sensitive, potentially life-saving intelligence they once had. There is therefore a tension between continuing to use an informer to provide intelligence on terrorism and upholding the law. This tension is at the heart of this book. The book analyses prominent terrorist informers such as Agent Stakeknife, and lesser-known examples, who collectively were active throughout Northern Ireland from the 1970s to the present. It includes those involved with republican groups and with loyalist groups, and those working for the police, the armed forces, and MI5. Valuable pieces of the puzzle have been located in sources such as court judgments, official reports, and in interviews conducted by the author, maximising depth and breadth of coverage of the topic. The way successive governments, the police, the armed forces, and MI5 have addressed the issue of regulation for terrorist informers’ involvement in criminality is also analysed. So too are allegations of ‘collusion’ between informers on one hand and the security and intelligence agencies on the other. Accordingly, the book also assesses the varied retrospective investigations into the use of terrorist informers, and therefore the competing needs for secrecy and transparency. The book demonstrates that although there is a tension between intelligence and law, this can be successfully navigated.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E63UCHLH,2024-11-21,Samantha Newbery,Oxford University Press,,2025-06-14T08:09:45Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 745,"Stable Flight Technology for Spying, Disaster Management, Flower Dropping, Flag Carrying",Journal article,https://isjem.com/download/stable-flight-technology-for-spying-disaster-management-flower-dropping-flag-carrying/,"This project explores the integration of drone technology for efficient data collection, offering innovative solutions across various domains. By combining advanced sensors and imaging capabilities, methods have been developed to capture critical environmental data with high accuracy. To reduce costs, a custom telemetry system was designed, offering a cost-effective alternative to commercial options. This system enables seamless communication and autonomous control of the drone, allowing it to operate independently without human intervention. Additionally, the drone is equipped with an advanced GPS system that ensures stability and precise navigation in terms of altitude, latitude, and longitude, enhancing reliability during data collection missions. The system is designed to assign specific missions to the drone through the android application tailored for the drone, enabling it to autonomously complete tasks and return to its designated launch zone. Furthermore, the drones are capable of performing many functions, including flower dropping, flag raising, and flag flying, thereby broadening their range of applications. Overall, this project represents a significant advancement in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), offering comprehensive solutions for environmental monitoring and extending its usability across various fields.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8TV45DP,2025-06-01,"Saptarshi Mondal, Anindita Sarkar",,ISJEM Journal,2025-06-11T20:06:51Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 746,How digital identities challenge traditional espionage,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/how-digital-identities-challenge-traditional-espionage/,"It used to be so simple. An intelligence officer could fly to a country, change passports and, with a false identity, emerge as a completely different person. But those days are long since over. Biometrics ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7PE3DS8N,2025-06-10T20:00:45+00:00,Kyle McCurdy,,,2025-06-11T20:09:03Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 747,International Law Analysis of Espionage at Sea and China's Response,Journal article,https://ijsspa.org/index.php/ojs/article/view/82,"Maritime espionage is a violation of international morality. In terms of the regulation of maritime espionage, there is a legal predicament at the theoretical level, with a lack of corresponding treaty law, international customary law, and international judicial precedents. At the international practice level, although all countries have domestic legislation against espionage, they hold an ""ambiguous"" double standard towards maritime espionage in international practice. Secondly, the principle of jurisdiction of the flag state and state immunity also bring certain difficulties to the law enforcement actions for regulating maritime espionage. This paper studies the constituent elements of maritime espionage and the legal predicament of regulating maritime espionage, aiming to provide suggestions for improving the security defense legal mechanism for regulating maritime espionage in China.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B9AHKI3I,2025-05-14,Chuyan Liu,,International Journal of Social Sciences and Public Administration,2025-06-11T20:08:01Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.62051/ijsspa.v7n1.17,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410349155,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://ijsspa.org/index.php/ojs/article/download/82/78, 748,Espionage,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003593836-23,"The National Security Agency’s (NSA) predecessors began to collect enciphered Soviet telegrams in 1939, but paid little attention to them as Japanese and German codes were more important. In 1942, success in deciphering Japanese codes between Tokyo and its military attachés in Berlin and Helsinki led to intriguing information. Finland, an ally of Germany from 1941 to 1944, had been working on Soviet codes and had passed on this information to the Japanese. In 1943, US military intelligence heard rumours of Soviet-German peace negotiations and began attempting to read Soviet telegrams. Only in 1946 were the first Soviet telegrams decoded, and what they revealed shocked the Americans as the information was not about diplomacy but about economic and military espionage. They were not sent by diplomats to the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, in Moscow, but between intelligence officers and General Pavil Fitin, head of the First Directorate, foreign intelligence, of the NKGB (secret police), in Moscow. By 1948, it was clear that Soviet intelligence had penetrated almost all major government agencies of military, economic and diplomatic importance. Large numbers of Soviet agents, aided by hundreds of Americans, many of whom were members of the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), had passed on to Moscow masses of valuable information. The Venona project identified 349 citizens who had a covert connection with Soviet intelligence. Since only a part of the cipher cache was decoded, it is reasonable to assume that many more agents went undetected.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DRVGAQUW,2026,Martin McCauley,Routledge,,2025-06-11T20:06:14Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Origins of the Cold War 1941–1949,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 749,"A change in focus for intelligence gathering, 1991–2015",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781003626015-8/change-focus-intelligence-gathering-1991%E2%80%932015-john-birkeland,"After the Cold War, the strategic environment changed significantly. Russian military activity levels went into a steep decline, and the threat from Russian submarines towards NATO and the West seemed to all but disappear. Western politicians wanted to realize the peace dividend, and the strategic focus turned towards expeditionary and limited warfare. After 9/11 in 2001, the United States and NATO were heavily engaged in Afghanistan and the Middle East, and the Cold War competence and skills related to ASW atrophied. MPA were to an increasing extent utilized in over-land warfare, to include collecting intelligence far inland over Afghanistan. This collective turn away from maritime strategic challenges led to resources being pulled away, aircraft fleets being phased out, and people turning away from the art of ASW. Around 2010, several NATO allies found themselves in a similar situation as they had 70 years earlier: Ageing aircraft fleets required strategic decisions to be made – either renew or replace their aircraft, or make the decision to phase out the capability to hunt submarines from the air altogether. With the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014, the strategic environment changed significantly, further building on renewed and offensive Russian rhetoric starting in 2007. By the end of the 2010s, all three nations focused on by this book had made the decision to renew this fleet of MPA.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IY4LFNIK,2026,John O. Birkeland,Routledge,,2025-06-11T20:05:37Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,Airborne Maritime Surveillance in the North Atlantic,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 750,"Airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance: Framing the discussion",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781003626015-3/airborne-intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance-john-birkeland,"The historical overview presented in the previous chapter provides the basis for establishing a framework in this chapter for discussing airborne intelligence operations in general. Historical studies of airborne operations point to the basic tenets of airborne surveillance: Height, speed, range, survivability, communications as the basic tier, sensors as the next tier, and finally the ability to analyse the sensor information and then being able to communicate this intelligence at some level of processing maturity as the final tier. This analysis is very much relevant for the overarching discussion on autonomous weapons and drones, but it is also crucial for understanding the basic elements of maritime surveillance, both historically and for the future. Finally, the chapter merges the framework for ISR with ASW, and this intersection is the focus of this book. This discussion provides the foundation for the discussion of the requirements for long-range, airborne maritime surveillance capabilities in the future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YUJFHL8M,2026,John O. Birkeland,Routledge,,2025-06-11T20:04:57Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,Airborne Maritime Surveillance in the North Atlantic,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 751,Nigerian perspectives on intelligence and national security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2503103,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F42R7J57,2025-05-16,Ryan Shaffer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-06-11T20:01:49Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2503103,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410439790,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 752,The Wagner Group: Paramilitary–Intelligence Nexus and Its Role in the War in Ukraine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2498276,"The Wagner Group, a Russian paramilitary organization often referred to as a private military company (PMC), was an important means of hybrid power projection by the Russian Federation. It was used for military operations in Russia’s “near abroad,” as well as on a global scale as a security export model to access diplomatic support and natural resources and to circumvent international sanctions. The PMC’s close ties to the military intelligence service GRU can be traced throughout the operations of the Wagner Group. This article portrays these links and the Wagner Group’s importance for Russia in the Middle East and Africa. Its nexus to the intelligence nexus can be found not only on a personal level but also on several operational and support levels. To conclude, the ongoing developments after Yevgeny Prigozhin’s attempted coup in the summer of 2023 are examined.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y3EN2IEW,2025-06-02,David Christopher Jaklin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-11T19:42:38Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2498276,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410952535,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 753,Caught in the Crossfire: The Inside Story of Pakistan’s Secret Services,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Caught-in-the-Crossfire-Hardback/p/50810,"The author believes that all international strategic manoeuvrings in the region, mostly rely on information that is entirely fabricated and portrayed by Pakistan’s adversaries to…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9D8I8JEZ,2024-08-16,Naseem A. Khan,Pen and Sword,,2025-06-11T19:41:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 754,"Mapping European Intelligence Education and Culture(s): Exploring Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2480000,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RK26FJX5,2025-06-06,"Cristina Ivan, Chiru ,Irena , Berger ,Lars , Iztok and Prezelj",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-11T19:36:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2480000,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411091243,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4411091243,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,,0.0 755,11. The US-China Intelligence Competition: A Preliminary Assessment,Book chapter,https://www.press.jhu.edu/books/title/54070/lessons-new-cold-war,"How the US-China rivalry is reshaping global power, democracy, and the international order.A new cold war is unfolding—one that will define the future of the international order. In Lessons from the New Cold War, editor Hal Brands assembles an all-star cast of the most influential thinkers in foreign policy, defense strategy, technology, and economics to grapple with the defining geopolitical rivalry of our time: the competition between the United States and China.Over the past decade, Washington has placed its contest with Beijing at the center of its national strategy, forging a rare consensus across the political spectrum. But as this global confrontation intensifies—across supply chains, the Taiwan Strait, and cyberspace—key questions remain. Where is America succeeding? Where is it falling short? And how can it prepare for what lies ahead? Through a sweeping analysis that spans cutting-edge technology, economic decoupling, and military strategy, this book explores the multilayered nature of the conflict.Contributors examine China's assertive economic statecraft and its ambitions for a new global order, the shifting nuclear balance and the intelligence war, the complex web of Indo-Pacific alliances, and the ideological struggle over democracy and authoritarianism. Covering vital topics like semiconductor supremacy, democracy's durability, India's strategic role, and the future of US leadership, this incisive collection offers an unflinching assessment of the New Cold War's stakes—and a roadmap for navigating its challenges. Essential reading for policymakers, scholars, and anyone concerned with the global balance of power, it is a vital guide to a rivalry that is reshaping the twenty-first century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/68MZ6LKR,2025-07-01,Peter L. Mattis,Johns Hopkins University Press,,2025-06-11T19:33:18Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.56021/9781421453446,Lessons from the New Cold War,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4408811876,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.56021/9781421453446, 756,Hizballah’s Intelligence Collection Leading Up to and During the 2006 War With Israel: How a VNSA Conducts Operative Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2025.2508799,"This study aims to shed light on a phenomenon that has yet to be extensively researched—how a violent nonstate actor builds intelligence-gathering capabilities in preparation for war and how these capabilities are utilized during the conflict. Drawing on sources in four languages, many of which are primary, the research examines how Hizballah developed its intelligence collection capabilities between 2000 and 2006 and how it employed them in the years preceding and during the Second Lebanon War (2006). This analysis spans four key intelligence disciplines: human intelligence (HUMINT), signals intelligence (SIGINT), visual intelligence (VISINT), and open-source intelligence (OSINT). This process of development, carried out with substantial support from state actors backing Hizballah, most notably Iran, resulted in significant intelligence achievements that translated into battlefield successes. The study contributes to the evolving body of research on violent non-state actors and intelligence operations in asymmetric warfare. Moreover, it offers additional insight into Hizballah’s activities in general, specifically during the Second Lebanon War (2006).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TW8LB5CE,2025-06-04,Netanel Flamer,Routledge,Terrorism and Political Violence,2025-06-07T09:14:43Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/09546553.2025.2508799,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411017272,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4411017272,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,,0.0 757,"A Piece of Theater: West German–Arab–Israeli Relations Staged by Intelligence Services, 1955–1967",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2498277,"Contrary to the frequently expressed view that the Federal Republic of Germany found itself in a complicated position in the Middle East during the 1950s and 1960s between its economic interests in the Arab countries and its special relationship with Israel, recent research can prove that from the beginning West Germany exclusively supported Israel. A prominent example is how its initially United States-directed intelligence service influenced Egyptian policies to turn toward the Soviet Union and thus to cut off possibilities of Western support. Later on, the work of German military advisors and missile specialists enabled it to monitor and influence Egyptian military developments to such an extent that Israel was enabled always to remain one step ahead of its Arab foes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6P438JNC,2025-06-04,Tilman Lüdke,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-07T09:14:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2498277,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411028232,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2498277, 758,Navigating Secrecy in Innovation: Coping Mechanisms for Public–Private Collaboration in Intelligence and Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2490620,"Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, and quantum technologies are transforming intelligence and security organizations, introducing both challenges and opportunities. Rather than leading through in-house innovation, these organizations are shifting toward a fast-follower approach—adopting externally developed technologies in response to rapid market-driven advancements. This shift requires closer collaboration with the private sector, challenging the secrecy inherent to these organizations. This article explores how intelligence and security practitioners navigate secrecy while fostering public–private innovation. Focusing on the Netherlands Intelligence and Security community, the study uses an inductive approach drawing on 48 interviews with active practitioners to reveal three coping mechanisms that facilitate effective boundary spanning: individual risk appetite, communal familiarity, and perceived trustworthiness.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TMJKMML8,2025-06-04,Paul Oling,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-07T09:13:18Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2490620,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411027939,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4411027939,2025.0,2025.0,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2490620,0.0 759,Austria’s Eastern Trade through American Eyes: U.S. Trade Controls in Austria in the Early Cold War from an Intelligence Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2498274,"Between 1945 and 1955, Austria was divided into four occupation zones. In its zone of occupation, the USSR set up a planned economic enclave with its Soviet enterprises. The Soviets declared the trade of these companies to be military shipments. The U.S. authorities and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) saw a high risk of reexport of strategic goods financed by the Marshall Plan through the Soviet zone of occupation in Austria to socialist Central and Eastern Europe. So, the European Cooperation Administration, which provided a cover for CIA agents, carried out end-use checks on goods financed by the Marshall Plan. The Counter Intelligence Corps was also involved in gathering information about these goods. The Americans stopped some transit shipments. In May 1948, the Americans began good controls in Austria. They were institutionalized in autumn. After the State Treaty of 1955, Austria’s eastern trade remained of interest to the U.S. administration.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E5IEYYXC,2025-06-04,Christoph Huber,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-07T09:12:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2498274,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411027863,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2498274, 760,"Russian Intelligence in Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia at the Outbreak of War in Ukraine",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2498270,"The authors describe and compare the steps taken by the counterintelligence services of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland aimed at Russian intelligence operations preceding and immediately following the outbreak of a full-scale war in Ukraine. Among the three countries, authorities of the Czech Republic (in cooperation with the British) already set specific action patterns in 2021, subsequently applied by many other European countries, including Poland, after 22 February 2022. The actions of the Slovak services were much more cautious, although they did the necessary minimum. A preliminary study of the case of Hungary and Austria gave a negative result, leading to the thesis that those countries’ services did not take more decisive action in response to the Russian aggression against Ukraine; on the contrary, Vienna and Budapest have thus consolidated their position as Russian spy hubs in Central and Eastern Europe. The authors also draw attention to the continuity in the actions of the Soviet and Russian services in Central and Eastern Europe, beginning with the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia in September 1968. The text is based on available archival and online sources, literature on the subject, and media publications.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/54FJZQYH,2025-06-04,"Władysław Bułhak, Thomas Wegener and Friis",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-07T09:11:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'Y959U28A']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2498270,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411029104,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 761,The French Defeat at Dien Bien Phu and the Limitation of Military Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2453726,"Despite extensive literature on Dien Bien Phu, intelligence remains understudied. While General Henri Navarre’s memoirs and many subsequent studies offer scant attention to this aspect, French intelligence gathered substantial signals intelligence from decrypted Vietminh radio messages. However, human and imagery intelligence proved less effective. Although possessing ample raw intelligence, French analysis and forecasting failed. This allowed the Vietminh to strengthen their forces and encircle Dien Bien Phu during nearly four months of French inaction. Contrary to the conventional view of a Vietminh trap, this article argues that French passivity led to their self-entrapment. Further undermining the situation, the French government declined reinforcements, equivocated on objectives, and signaled a willingness to negotiate during the siege.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FUEVVVCE,2025-05-09,William T. Murphy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-05-12T22:40:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BHVIFBRH']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2453726,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410233382,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 762,How to Recruit a Swede? Polish Military Intelligence and Failure of HUMINT in Cold War Sweden,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2025.2498271,"Declassified Polish documents clearly show that recruitment efforts among Swedish citizens presented numerous challenges for the staff of the Polish intelligence residency, which, for several decades, was unable to recruit a high-ranking source with access to military information. When such an opportunity finally arose, Polish officers viewed the walk-in source as a provocation by Swedish counterintelligence and subsequently reported the matter to the Swedish police. The difficulties in recruiting Swedes led the residency to seek alternative ways of acquiring human sources. After many failures, it ultimately focused its human intelligence activities on Polish nationals or Swedes of Polish descent. The scale and nature of these intelligence activities were more modest than portrayed by the Swedish media.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/663PT5PY,2025-06-04,Przemysław Gasztold,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-06-07T09:10:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2025.2498271,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411027851,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 763,"Doctor, dancer, drug addict?: interwar spy writers and the literary construction of Germany’s female intelligence operatives",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2506281,"Recent scholarship has begun to document the significance of women’s engagement in First World War espionage, while questions of the narrative non-fiction writer’s role in shaping public perceptions of female agents remain understudied. This essay considers how British and other European spy writers in the inter-war period enshrined cliches of female intelligence agents through the genre of literary journalism. British post-war writers experimented with a narrative non-fiction form that reinterpreted the principle of the ‘truth claim’ to provide readers with romantic accounts of three female intelligence operatives, Mata Hari, Lizzi Wertheim and Dr Elsbeth Schragmüller. Writers in Britain perpetuated myths already popular in Europe by developing a literary strategy that successfully evaded the need for transparency. The popularity of quasi-fictional historical accounts, specifically of Dr Schragmüller as Anne Marie Lesser, ensured the femme fatale’s place within spy writing for future generations while obscuring women’s actual contributions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VGX93BSN,2025-06-05,Julie Wheelwright,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-06-05T20:44:03Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2506281,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4411060762,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 764,Quantity Has a Quality All of Its Own: The Transformation of Russian Intelligence Operations Since the Ukraine Invasion,Report,https://www.cna.org/reports/2025/05/quantity-has-a-quality-all-of-its-own,"Since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, Russian intelligence operations have shifted toward a mass-scale approach, focusing on sabotage, intelligence collection, and influence efforts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQGY4NJJ,2025-06-02,Elena Grossfeld,,,2025-06-03T07:20:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 765,Killing in the Name of the State: State-Sponsored Assassination in International Politics,Book,https://www.rienner.com/title/Killing_in_the_Name_of_the_State_State_Sponsored_Assassination_in_International_Politics,"How do governments approach, understand, and even justify assassination? What methods have been used historically, and how do they differ from current practice? What are the consequences of assassination for international politics, diplomacy, and international law? These are the fundamental questions animating this ground-breaking exploration of the adoption and deployment of assassination as an instrument of statecraft.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SGRCMYTR,2025-12-01,"Luca Trenta, Kiril Avramov",Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2025-06-01T22:35:26Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 766,Countering Espionage: The Expansion of Domestic Surveillance as Means of National Defense in Fin-de-Siècle France,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2025.2512301,"France’s defeat in the 1870–71 Franco-Prussian War catalyzed the transformation of its intelligence services from temporary wartime or diplomatic operations into permanent state institutions. As intelligence operated with more permanence, groups in the military, police, and foreign affairs ministries focused on military and foreign policy activities of France’s neighbors. Before long, the military’s intelligence services increasingly dominated the practice, thanks to moves towards professionalism and connecting intelligence with national defense. This process accelerated following the April 1886 passage of a law targeting spies, which marked France’s first civilian penalization of peacetime espionage at home. The law laid the groundwork for the military’s intelligence services to expand beyond the original foreign intelligence-gathering mission to focus on domestic threats. Driven by fear, xenophobia, and national insecurity, this shift reinforced a surveillance regime that conflated national defense with identifying and eliminating foreigners and others deemed apart from the nation, considered potential spies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4RXFCBIR,2025-05-29,Deborah Bauer,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2025-06-01T21:30:44Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/16161262.2025.2512301,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410906825,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 767,Deciphering The Toxicopharmacology Of Sudden Russian Death Syndrome: Unraveling Surreal Challenges At The Intersection Of Cardio-toxicology And Intelligence Studies In Global North,Journal article,https://zagrebsecurityforum.com/articles-securitysciencejournal/id/4434,"Events of recent years, reminiscent of the Cold War era between Russia and the West, including the demise of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny in February 2024, rumored to have been poisoned in prison beyond the Arctic Circle in Russia serve as a basis for confident apprehensions among cardiologists due to the lofty risk of contact in Global North countries with patients who have fallen victim to warfare poisoning.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2BRFVMRG,2025-05-07,Alexander Kharlamov,,Security Science Journal,2025-06-01T21:29:13Z,['7R9UG9WU'],https://doi.org/10.37458/ssj.6.1.13,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410284419,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4410284419,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.37458/ssj.6.1.13,1.0 768,Project TACKLE 12 Years of CIA and Taiwanese Joint Reconnaissance Overflights,Thesis,https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/903,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L4FQITN3,2025-01-01,Maximilian DiGiovanni,,,2025-05-31T08:02:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,BA,University of New Hampshire,,,,,,,,, 769,"The Vatican, Emigrants from Yugoslavia after 1944, Escape Routes, “Ratline(s)”, and Intelligence Agencies",Book chapter,https://dais.sanu.ac.rs/handle/123456789/17885,"The objective of this study is to ascertain, drawing upon the extant archival materials, the methods by which emigrants from Yugoslavia were able to preserve themselves and continue their lives in Western countries following the war. The emigration of Yugoslavs can be categorised into various types. The most renowned of these are the cases of leaders and high-ranking administrative and military commanders from the Independent State of Croatia, who success- fully made their way through Italy and Spain to Argentina and other South American countries, as well as the United States of America and Western Euro- pean countries. Research indicates that the subject is highly complex for a num- ber of reasons and is often presented in a simplistic manner. Only one segment of political emigrants is represented by persons accused of war crimes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GMCIFX5N,2025,,Belgrade : Institute for Balkan Studies SASA,,2025-05-31T07:58:40Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,"Pope Pius XII and the Challenge of Totalitarianism in Yugoslavia, 1941–1958",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 770,‘I sente a woman … beecause a man shoulde have beene suspected’: tudor women and military intelligence (c.1509–1603),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2506280,"This article investigates the role of women in military intelligence in conflicts waged by and against the Tudor regimes, focusing specifically on their positions as intelligence gatherers, transmitters, and nodes of communication. Through an analysis of correspondence and state paper collections, it proposes that instead of categorising all female espials as ‘above suspicion’, we should consider the ways in which women manipulated gender and social norms to claim various levels of plausible deniability. Specifically, by focusing on espionage within a military context and analysing the source material within a gendered framework, this study challenges the narrative that warfare was chiefly the business of men and points to the importance of considering rhetorical strategies to understand how women were able to distance or excuse themselves from covert operations. Overall, this article argues that whilst participation in intelligence networks was not necessarily gendered, the ways in which women manipulated gender and social norms to claim plausible deniability meant that they were considered ideal participants in espionage systems, able to inconspicuously accumulate information, more easily cross enemy lines to deliver this intelligence, and liaise with important figures without ties of official responsibility.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UZ43JBBH,2025-05-28,Samantha Nelson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-05-31T07:56:11Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2506280,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410826686,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2506280, 771,Exploring grassroots knowledge production: Towards internal crowdsourcing for military intelligence,Book chapter,https://lup.nl/publications/political-science/military-studies/the-art-of-scaling/,"Military intelligence organisations face a dynamic security environment. While leveraging exter- nal public knowledge is often explored, this chapter highlights the untapped potential of internal knowledge within the broader defence community. Internal crowdsourcing – gathering ideas and solutions from volunteering employees – can harness tacit expertise and enhance the capability of knowledge and intelligence production. Using primary sources and interviews, the chapter examines grassroots knowledge production initiatives within the Dutch Defence organisation as a foundation for internal crowdsourcing. These initiatives demonstrate that scaling knowledge production requires recognising and fostering grassroots efforts. Supporting collaboration while preserving hidden local ingenuity enables innovative, scalable approaches to military intelligence practices, creatively addressing complex and ambiguous challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5RM4UN5X,2025-07-02,"Emma van der Meulen, Peter de Werd",Leiden University Press,,2025-05-30T08:12:01Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,The Art of Scaling: Organising Swift Adaptation to Cope with Crises and War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 772,Wisdom of crowds : An exploratory case-study on crowdsourcing as a method for intelligence gathering within the Dutch Defence Intelligence and Security Service,Book chapter,https://lup.nl/publications/political-science/military-studies/the-art-of-scaling/,"A recent example of how intelligence organisations aim to strengthen the scalability of expertise, is the exploration of crowdsourcing methods. Rather than relying solely on internal professionals, they engage civil actors in national security matters. This study examines challenges in adopting crowdsourcing within military intelligence, focusing on the Dutch Defence Intelligence and Security Service (DISS). By analysing technological frames – how stakeholders interpret and assess technologies – 12 semi-structured interviews show that the stakeholders’ shared positive view may support initial adoption. However, conflicting perspectives on the purpose and implementation of crowdsourcing could hinder its practical, day-to-day use. This study provides theoretical and practical insights for understanding and improving crowdsourcing in military intelligence, highlighting both opportunities and potential obstacles in this context.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H3JB7UVP,2025-07-02,Emma van der Meulen,Leiden University Press,,2025-05-30T08:14:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Art of Scaling: Organising Swift Adaptation to Cope with Crises and War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 773,"Women, war and intelligence in Ypres and the Flemish West Quarter (1488–1489)",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2506279,"This article sheds light on the often-overlooked roles women played in the intelligence networks of Flanders during the war against Maximilian of Austria in 1488–1489, by focussing on the intelligence activities of women in the Flemish West Quarter compensated by the city of Ypres. It also explores the growing professionalisation of these women, noting how the same women were employed repeatedly, reflecting the establishment of more structured intelligence operations by 1489. However, this did not necessarily result in a clear differentiation between the roles of intelligence work and other tasks, such as delivering letters. The article also contrasts the roles of rural and urban women employed by the city government. The critical yet under-recognised contributions of women, particularly those in rural areas, to this period of warfare show how the involvement of women in intelligence work was not solely an urban or noble phenomenon in the Middle Ages.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/333LQL97,2025-05-27,Lisa Demets,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-05-29T22:48:24Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2506279,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410779698,0.0,True,,,,2025.0,https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01JRA5Y71SPTG1NHNSAWG87FTY/file/01K3QTKGMZQTXFXKPEY0PGPEV2.pdf, 774,CIA chief faces stiff test in bid to revitalize human spying,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/05/28/cia-spy-china-russia-ratcliffe/,CIA Director John Ratcliffe wants to rebuild the agency’s diminished ranks of spies and foreign agents. But have espionage’s golden days passed?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BALN92G3,2025-05-28,"Warren P. Strobel, Ellen Nakashima",,The Washington Post,2025-05-28T22:50:19Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 775,Building blind spots: sexism and intelligence failure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2506284,"This article highlights a significant gap in the literature on the role of identity in intelligence failures. Scholars have not theorised how identity-based stereotypes may systematically affect decision makers’ evaluations of intelligence professionals and their assessments. We argue that as women have been integrated into intelligence communities, they have often been relegated to less prestigious positions. This uneven horizontal distribution, and specifically women’s overrepresentation in certain areas has led to an association between women and specific types of intelligence units and work. Drawing on the cognitive closure literature, we theorise that this association increases the risk of strategic surprise because the moment when a decision maker evaluates intelligence to determine necessary policy actions is the moment when the decision maker is most susceptible for sexism to colour this evaluation. We illustrate the plausibility of our theory using case studies of the intelligence failures leading to the 7 October 2023 hamas attack and the 1998 US Embassy Bombings. While we recognise that sexism is not the sole cause of these failures, we highlight how the existence of sexism at the organisational and individual levels increases the risk of intelligence failure. We provide important policy recommendations for mitigating this risk.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IPK5RFW4,2025-05-26,"Erin Lemons, Ruth Margolies and Beitler",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-05-28T22:10:27Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2506284,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410742321,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4410742321,2026.0,2026.0,2025.0,,1.0 776,"Recruiting resistance: women, war, and intelligence in the SOE’s F section",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2506283,"The recruitment of women into the Special Operations Executive (SOE) during the Second World War marked a significant yet complex shift in British intelligence. While wartime necessity expanded opportunities for women in espionage, their recruitment remained shaped by entrenched gender biases. Women were scrutinised more heavily than their male counterparts, expected to meet higher linguistic and cultural standards, and often assessed based on their perceived ability to ‘pass’ unnoticed in occupied France. Drawing on primary sources, including archival material from the Imperial War Museum – and engaging with historiographical insights, this article examines the intersection of gender and operational necessity in SOE recruitment. It argues that while the SOE adapted to the demands of war by integrating women into covert roles, their inclusion remained constrained by societal expectations. Ultimately, while the SOE offered women unprecedented opportunities in military intelligence, their recruitment and assessment reflected broader societal constraints, highlighting both the evolving possibilities and persistent limitations of women’s roles in wartime espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V7JHFB9H,2025-05-26,Danielle Wirsansky,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-05-28T22:09:49Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2506283,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410742164,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 777,Ian Fleming: The Complete Man,Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/ian-fleming-nicholas-shakespeare,"A fresh portrait of the man behind James Bond, and his enduring impact, by an award-winning biographer with unprecedented access to the Fleming family papers. Ian Fleming's greatest creation, James Bond, has had an enormous and ongoing impact on our culture. What Bond represents about ideas of masculinity, the British national psyche and global politics has shifted over time, as has the interpretation of the life of his author. But Fleming himself was more mysterious and subtle than anything he wrote. Ian's childhood with his gifted brother Peter and his extraordinary mother set the pattern for his ambition to be “the complete man,” and he would strive for the means to achieve this “completeness'”all his life. Only a thriller writer for his last twelve years, his dramatic personal life and impressive career in Naval Intelligence put him at the heart of critical moments in world history, while also providing rich inspiration for his fiction. Exceptionally well connected, and widely travelled, from the United States and Soviet Russia to his beloved Jamaica, Ian had access to the most powerful political figures at a time of profound change. Nicholas Shakespeare is one of the most gifted biographers working today. His talent for uncovering material that casts new light on his subjects is fully evident in this masterful, definitive biography. His unprecedented access to the Fleming archive and his nose for a story make this a fresh and eye-opening picture of the man and his famous creation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/STPG9SRI,2024-04-09,Nicholas Shakespeare,Harper Collins Publishers,,2025-05-28T22:08:28Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 778,The Spy in the Archive: How one man tried to kill the KGB,Book,https://www.williamcollinsbooks.co.uk/products/the-spy-in-the-archive-how-one-man-tried-to-kill-the-kgb-gordon-corera-9780008644819/,"The compulsively readable new book from The Rest is Classified host Gordon Corera. About how one man – Vasili Mitrokhin – turned first disaffected dissident and then traitor to the KGB, stealing the most secret Soviet archives and smuggling them to the West. How do you steal a library? Not just any library but the most secret, heavily guarded archive in the world. The answer is to be a librarian. To be so quiet, that no-one knows what you are up to as you toil undercover and deep amongst the files. The work goes on for decades but remains so low key, that even after your escape, aided by MI6, no-one even notices you are gone. The Spy in the Archive tells the remarkable story of how Vasili Mitrokhin – an introverted archivist who loved nothing more than dusty files – ended up changing the world. As the in-house archivist for the KGB, the secrets he was exposed to inside its walls turned him first into a dissident and then a spy, a traitor to his country but a man determined to expose the truth about the dark forces that had subverted Russia, forces still at work in the country today. Bestselling writer and historian Gordon Corera tells of the operation to extract this prized asset from Russia for the first time. It is an edge-of-the-seat thriller, with vivid flashbacks to Mitrokhin’s earlier time as a KGB idealist prepared to do what it took to serve the Soviet Union and his growing realisation that the communist state was imprisoning its own people. It is the story of what it was like to live in the Soviet Union, to raise a family and then of one man’s journey from the heart of the Soviet state to disillusion, betrayal and defection. At its heart is Mitrokhin’s determination to take on the most powerful institution in the world by revealing its darkest secrets. This is narrative non-fiction at its absolute best.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8U236AFV,2025-06-05,Gordon Corera,William Collins,,2025-05-28T08:18:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 779,Not so risky after all: bilateral consequences of compromised intelligence operations,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/not-so-risky-after-all-bilateral-consequences-of-compromised-intelligence-operations/,"It’s a staple of screenwriters and novelists, stock news footage and a spectre haunting ambassadors’ dreams: a spy unmasked; riots outside embassies, flags and effigies alight; newspaper headlines blaring outrage; and the chilling words persona ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QV3DYGL9,2025-04-30T23:00:04+00:00,Chris Taylor,,,2025-05-27T19:33:27Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 780,The Pacific needs to upgrade regional intelligence cooperation,Blog post,https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-pacific-needs-to-upgrade-regional-intelligence-cooperation/,Strengthening regional partnerships can help Pacific intelligence capabilities overcome rising challenges. The Pacific should establish a centralised intelligence hub alongside or through the expansion of the existing Pacific Fusion Centre to deliver greater intelligence capabilities ...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8TSF8J3Y,2025-05-19T05:30:29+00:00,Mary Kalola,,,2025-05-27T19:33:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 781,"Women in intelligence: historic insights, contemporary challenges, and future directions",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2506277,"Women have significantly contributed to the field of intelligence; without them, large standing government intelligence organisations, would not have been possible. Among their most discussed attributes is the ability of women to carry out intelligence functions while remaining undetected and successfully blend into different segments of society. However, this invisibility has also been connected to their lack of acknowledgement and discussion within the literature. Such minimisation has led to mythologised accounts of their work, propagated gender stereotypes, and resulted in workplace inequalities. The articles within this special issue help raise awareness about these issues and further recognise their contribution to the field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/24L3FNCN,2025-05-21,Nicole K. Drumhiller,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-05-27T19:30:44Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2506277,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410585799,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 782,Women in intelligence: a limited systematic review,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2506278,"This limited systematic literature review examines the contributions and experiences of women in intelligence. It synthesises existing scholarship across various disciplines, including history, communications, women’s studies, and intelligence, to explore themes such as the roles women held, female intelligence networks, freedom of movement, punishments for spying, gender sidestreaming and equity, diversity, and inclusion, the portrayals of women within popular media, historic biases and research challenges. The review identifies key trends and avenues for future inquiry, ultimately aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and its implications for the field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S9GNPY75,2025-05-20,Nicole K. Drumhiller,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2025-05-23T08:07:26Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2025.2506278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410543196,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 783,British 'Spy Fever' in the First World War: Fearing the Enemy Within,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/british-spy-fever-in-the-first-world-war-9781350523432/,"An exploration of how British society experienced 'spy fever' during the First World War. Following the declaration of war in 1914, German spies were sighted across Britain as a potent form of 'spy fever' supposedly gripped the nation. This book questions the extent to which British society was truly terrified of German spies and explores the broader impacts of secret warfare during the early stages of the First World War. Harry Richards analyses the belief that a clandestine network of spies and saboteurs, mostly comprised of naturalised aliens domiciled in Britain, had successfully infiltrated all elements of society and were poised to destroy Britain's war effort from within. Although that danger never fully materialised, the spy peril remained a dominant feature of radical politics and popular culture throughout the First World War. Why images of German spies were so appealing and enduring during this period is the subject of this book. British 'Spy Fever' in the First World War contends that our understanding of 'spy fever' is in need of significant revision. Whereas previous studies typically characterise society's reaction to the spy peril as one of hysteria, this book shows that our understanding of 'spy fever' should encompass a wider variety of emotions and experiences. British society was certainly obsessed with images of German espionage, but this seldom resulted in psychological disorder. Each chapter therefore examines different emotional experiences: alarm, terror, excitement, anxiety, hope, anger, and enjoyment to highlight the diverse and complex reactions towards the enemy within.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XYLDVLCE,2025-09-18,Harry Richards,Bloomsbury,,2025-05-22T14:12:32Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 784,Introducing the Human Intelligence Exposures (HEX) Dataset,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/fpa/oraf017,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H8BSPSFI,2025-07-01,Mark J Flowers,,Foreign Policy Analysis,2025-05-22T14:11:36Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1093/fpa/oraf017,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410504545,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 785,A New Office of Strategic Services? - Foreign Policy Research Institute,Blog post,https://www.fpri.org/article/2025/05/a-new-office-of-strategic-services/,"In the past six months, two different opinion pieces, here and here, have raised the possibility of reviving the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). These",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YX8Q9M2D,2025-05-01,J.R. Seeger,,,2025-05-19T20:27:25Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 786,"A Critical Assessment of CIA Intelligence During the Indochina War, 1950–1954",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2025.2490613,"The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)’s role in the Indochina War (1950–1954) is examined, focusing on newly declassified documents released between 2012 and 2022. The analysis argues that the CIA’s intelligence gathering and recommendations, coupled with Cold War anxieties regarding the domino effect and potential Chinese intervention, significantly influenced the National Security Council (NSC)’s decision to support the French against the communist Vietminh. Despite French limitations and the war’s ultimate futility, the NSC prioritized Cold War realpolitik, resulting in a costly intervention that prolonged the conflict. This study highlights the CIA’s contribution to extending an unwinnable war and the consequences of prioritizing Cold War fears over on-the-ground realities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SKFX9XXF,2025-05-16,William T. Murphy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2025-05-19T20:25:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2025.2490613,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4410426680,0.0,False,,,,2025.0,, 787,"Emerging Intelligence Operational Threats For The Shipping IndustryThis research argues that during the inter-war years in Palestine, British power was dependent upon intelligence. Intelligence was fundamental to the security of the country, since it varyingly augmented understrength force, or supported overwhelming force. Intelligence also supported policymakers as issues of governance were debated. It allowed British decision makers to avoid making a decision on self-government during the 1920s and it supported Britain’s failed attempts to introduce a constitution during the 1930s. Intelligence also was crucial to Britain’s relations with the Arab nationalist and Zionist communities. Of particular importance was Britain’s partnership and subsequent war with the Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husseini. This thesis sheds new light on the role of intelligence in British colonial policymaking, the development of the Arab-Zionist conflict, and how Britain failed to manage communal violence.
This research offers a new and improved explanation of the origins, unfolding, and defeat of the Palestinian Arab rebellion. British intelligence and policymakers failed to grasp the sophistication of the Palestinian national movement until the mid-1930s, and even then, they focused on clan competition and the politics of ‘notables’. Intelligence and military records explain how British police and military struggled, but ultimately succeeded to suppress and defeat this rebellion. Victory was made possible by innovations within the intelligence and planning staffs, as well as Zionist cooperation.
Intelligence shaped policy most clearly at the beginning and end of the period under examination. During 1918-20, the military government was administered by intelligence officers who guaranteed Britain’s future control in Palestine both domestically, and at the League of Nations. In 1939, British policy abandoned its traditional Zionist partners when the need to impose a solution on Palestine coincided with the opportunity, revealed by signals intelligence, to bolster and leverage the influence of ‘Abdul ‘Aziz ibn Sa’ud over the Arab national movement.
",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9JN72L3C,2014,Steven Wagner,,,2021-05-14T07:43:29Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,PhD Thesis,"Oxford University, UK",,,,,,,,, 1862,"The Birth of Psychological War: Propaganda, Espionage, and Military Violence from WWII to the Vietnam War",Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-birth-of-psychological-war-9780197267493?cc=gb&lang=en&,"The Birth of Psychological War explores the history, politics, and geography of United States psychological warfare in the 20th century against the backdrop of the contemporary 'post-truth era'. From its origins in the Second World War, to the United States' counterinsurgency campaigns in Vietnam, Whyte traces how the theory and practice of psychological warfare transformed the relationship between the home front and theatres of war. Whyte interrogates the broader political mythologies that animate popular conceptions of psychological war, such as its claim to make war more humane and less violent.On the contrary, The Birth of Psychological War demonstrates the role of psychological warfare in expanding the scope and scale of military violence amidst ostensible efforts to 'win hearts and minds'. While casting a critical eye on psychological warfare, Whyte establishes its continued significance for the contemporary student of international relations. , The Birth of Psychological War explores the history, politics, and geography of United States psychological warfare in the 20th century against the backdrop of the contemporary 'post-truth era'. From its origins in the Second World War, to the United States' counterinsurgency campaigns in Vietnam, Whyte traces how the theory and practice of psychological warfare transformed the relationship between the home front and theatres of war. Whyte interrogates the broader political mythologies that animate popular conceptions of psychological war, such as its claim to make war more humane and less violent.On the contrary, The Birth of Psychological War demonstrates the role of psychological warfare in expanding the scope and scale of military violence amidst ostensible efforts to 'win hearts and minds'. While casting a critical eye on psychological warfare, Whyte establishes its continued significance for the contemporary student of international relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3YEC87VF,2023-07-19,Jeffrey Whyte,Oxford University Press,,2024-07-01T14:16:27Z,"['BHVIFBRH', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1863,"“A Serpent, in the Shape of a Spy”",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197628591.003.0013,"In 1811 and 1812, former British spy John Henry and French con artist Paul-Émile Soubiran convinced President James Madison to purchase documents from Henry’s espionage mission, claiming that they contained proof of a conspiracy between Federalists and Great Britain. Easily convinced that extreme Federalists wanted to subvert the government, Madison used public money to buy the papers, leading Federalists to accuse him of misusing government funds to embarrass their party and benefit his reelection chances. The incident culminated a decades-long cycle that landed Americans on the precipice of war. Foreign meddling bred political distrust, political distrust reinforced partisanship, and partisanship encouraged foreign meddling. Madison plunged the nation into war to eradicate what he viewed as a foreign threat emboldened by internal enemies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/URSG98FG,2024-07-01,Tyson Reeder,Oxford University Press,,2024-07-01T14:16:01Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1093/oso/9780197628591.003.0013,Serpent in Eden: Foreign Meddling and Partisan Politics in James Madison's America,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399826758,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 1864,Cuba's Nation Brand: War and Intelligence in the Fiction of Norberto Fuentes,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/63471,"The use of notable public intellectuals as opinion multipliers has long been a feature of effective cultural diplomacy. Globalization, however, has diluted the uniqueness of many nation brands due to its application of standardized marketing techniques. A great majority of countries today profess generic values such as diversity, economic openness, and innovation—values which, while respectable—are increasingly recognized by audiences as market jingles. Are nation brands today being perceived as mere propaganda? This study considers the lessons of Cold War cultural diplomacy, in which covert entities such as the CIA’s Farfield Foundation played a major role. In particular, it examines the war literature and spy fiction of Cuban author Norberto Fuentes, who was, for a time, the Cuban army’s primary press attaché. The evolution of Cuba’s nation brand as seen through the fiction of Fuentes is an example of how to singularize a national imaginary. This study tracks and discusses the images projected by Fuentes as a function of their sophistication, arguing that the use of such intellectuals can lend credibility to a brand.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D6SRYB62,2020-06-19,Alfredo Cumerma,,,2024-07-01T14:08:26Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,PhD Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1865,The Missing Piece: Why Intelligence Reform Failed After 9/11,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/558203,"On September 11, 2001, the U.S. government failed to prevent a terrorist attack against the U.S. homeland. The lack of a coordinated, strategic warning of the 9/11 terrorist attacks exposed serious systemic problems within the U.S. national security system. This event resulted in a rush to reform the U.S. intelligence community. In an effort to determine the causes of the failure a number of official investigations were conducted. While these investigations were successful in providing a wealth of extensive information that would have otherwise not been available to the public, the investigations' conclusions and recommendations failed to fix the underlying problems that caused the intelligence failures. In fact, in some ways, their recommendations may have made the situation worse. One major reason that the 9/11 investigations failed is because they neglected to consider critical social science theories that are relevant to questions of government reform. For example, none of the investigations considered the insights from theories such as new institutionalism, normal accident theory or organizational culture theory. In failing to seriously explain the theoretical insights from social science theory, these investigations neglected critical information that would have improved the reform efforts and made the U.S. safer. This study applies theoretical insights from social science theory to critique the reforms and to propose a new reform agenda for the intelligence community. Importantly, this study focuses on three common criticisms of the intelligence community made by the investigations: (1) the lack of imagination on behalf of the U.S. government and, in particular, the CIA to anticipate the threat; (2) the lack of accountability within the intelligence community to hold individuals responsible for failures like 9/11; and (3) the lack of an effective intelligence collection capability within the United States. In examining these criticisms, this study applies the lessons from constructivism, new institutionalism and organizational theory and demonstrates how the 9/11 investigations failed to applied theoretical insights to properly diagnose the flaws within the intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JYWH3EV8,2008,Catherine Lotrionte,,,2024-07-01T08:30:59Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1866,THE ACTIVITY OF THE MILITARY INTELLIGENCE DIRECTORATE IN THE LAST DECADE - ADJUSTMENT AND RESPONSE TO THE CHALLENGES OF THE NEW SECURITY ENVIRONMENT - [ROMANIA],Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1247496,"In 2014, the General Staff and the Military Intelligence Directorate celebrate 155 years of existence, marked by their sustained involvement in the main events in our national history such as the Independence War, the First and the Second World War, the crisis in Czechoslovakia, and the conflicts in the Balkans, Iraq and Afghanistan. The author focuses on the participation of the Directorate in NATO activities and operations, following accession, deploying experts, the necessary forces and national intelligence cells in the Alliance headquarters, providing a continuous flow of intelligence products, and providing intelligence forces and resources for NATO operations in the Balkans and Afghanistan.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5QVERNJ2,2014,Cristian Iulian Dincovici,Centrul tehnic-editorial al armatei,Romanian Military Thinking,2024-06-29T12:17:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1867,Russia’s Influence and Disinformation Campaign in Armenia,Blog post,https://ecipe.org/publications/russias-influence-disinformation-campaign-in-armenia/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JXVZW6J9,2024-06-01,David A. Grigorian,,,2024-07-01T10:44:21Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1868,INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT: IMPROVEMENT THROUGH CONTINUAL EVALUATION,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/39432,"Recent intelligence disclosures, as well as, the perceived increase in media leak prosecutions have brought the topic of intelligence oversight to the center of the debate on government spying. This thesis identifies the importance of oversight, but also illustrates the dilemma of congressional dysfunction. The research presented provides a basis for future discussions of oversight and legislative action regarding intelligence laws and authorities. Peter Gill’s theory which ties intelligence oversight to the inherent public distrust of governments of democratic nations forms the foundation of the first chapter. The chapter expands upon Gill’s assertions and attempts to correlate historic public trust levels with the authorities of the intelligence oversight bodies of United States, Canada, Great Britain, and Australia. The second chapter provides an updated look at the research conducted by Dr. Amy Zegart on the effectiveness of congressional oversight of the IC. Previously, Zegart graded the effectiveness of congressional oversight using public source data from 1985 – 2005. This chapter conducts an updated analysis using public source data from 99th Congress to present. Prosecuting those accused of leaking classified information to the media has always caused a contentious debate. From the government’s standpoint, the purpose of criminal prosecution is to punish the offender and deter would be criminals. The third chapter tests classical deterrence theory by evaluating the deterrent effect of prosecuting leakers on would be whistleblowers. The results of this chapter overwhelmingly illustrate the likelihood of prosecution is remote, and the characteristics of the cases do not meet the criteria for creating a deterrent effect. This lack of deterrent effect combined with the negative perceptions of prosecuting leakers should be the impetus for Congress to introduce legislation targeting those individuals with unlawfully disclosing classified information. Based on the importance of intelligence oversight, the ineffectiveness of HPSCI and SSCI illustrated in the second chapter is particularly concerning. Absent structural reforms, this portfolio demonstrates the effectiveness of USIC oversight can be improved by merely enhancing committee staff capabilities through increases in numbers and reducing staff turnover.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9AJEHXHI,2015-08-27,Michael B. Homburg,,,2024-07-01T09:44:49Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1869,A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO PROTECTING NATIONAL SECURITY: INTEGRATING INTELLIGENCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT TO REDUCE INSIDER THREATS,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/63837,"Reviewed by Thomas Stanton and Anthony Lang, this thesis explores the important question of how a combination of security intelligence and risk management could be used to address insider threats and their impact on national security. As the thesis documents, insiders threaten not only the wellbeing of employees and facilities, but also the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive information, which could be used by foreign adversaries of the United States. The first chapter recommends more systematic integration of intelligence information into security programs. The second chapter explores the role of risk management, and especially Enterprise Risk Management, in improving the effectiveness of federal security programs and organizations. The third chapter focuses directly on the problem of insider threats. It highlights the remarkable number of ways that insiders such as Edward Snowden displayed warning signs of the danger they posed to national security, long before the damage they caused occurred. It was discovered that analyzing current threat information, which makes it intelligence, enables security programs to allocate resources and deploy countermeasures more appropriately. The intelligence findings enable risk management, which is the ongoing process federal organizations use to determine how they will respond to threats. Organizations that fail to understand their threat, and subsequently impose risk-driven countermeasures, are likely to suffer consequences from attacks – many of which come from insider threats. Insiders acting against federal organizations stand to damage national security by harming people they work with, revealing defense secrets, and/or weakening international relations. The potential damage to national security can be mitigated using the holistic approach outlined throughout this thesis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5DV2YW4J,2020-12-14,George S. Hyek,,,2024-07-01T09:44:14Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1870,INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT: NATIONAL SECURITY HANGING IN THE BALANCE OF LEGISLATIVE INCENTIVES AND PUBLIC OPINION,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37251,"Due to the classified nature of U.S. national security programs, Congress’ constitutional responsibly to conduct oversight of the Intelligence Community (IC) is of prime importance. In 2013, Edward Snowden leaked thousands of classified documents regarding the National Security Administration’s programs to media outlets and governments worldwide. Snowden’s actions, coupled with growing concerns regarding citizen’s privacy rights and U.S. national security programs, brought oversight of the IC once again to the forefront of the policy debate. However, the questionable success of America’s intelligence oversight process is not a new issue. Key players in the policy debate, including scholars, leaders in the IC, and members of Congress concur that the current intelligence oversight system is dysfunctional and in need of reform. This thesis reviews the historical foundation for the intelligence committees and examines the policy process since 2001 using historical, qualitative and quantitative data to prove congressional oversight increased and shifted in focus. In addition, this work affirms that the relationship between the Intelligence agencies and Capitol Hill remains in disarray due to: overlapping committee jurisdiction, the lack of legislative incentives, and expertise at the committee level. Lastly, this work calls for members the policy debate to focus on achieving a comprehensive solution that will ensure the legitimacy of the IC and ultimately, the preservation of America’s national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XFHCNHTT,2014-06-04,Amanda Mae Hoang,,,2024-07-01T09:29:25Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1871,CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/67804,"Climate change is impacting the strategic, operational, and tactical conditions, which will have repercussions for U.S. national security and defense. A threat of increased drought, severe weather events, and changing precipitation patterns will stress the most vulnerable nations. This will have the potential to increase geopolitical tensions, social instability, humanitarian aid, and conflict. This has, and will continue to have, implications on national and international order. The United States intelligence community has an obligation to provide key decision-makers assessments about threats that may impact national security. Climate change is a global issue, which demands assessments from the intelligence community on how climate change will impact the wartime environment. How the military intelligence community trains, prepares, and addresses climate change as a destabilization factor could influence guidance and priorities to nearly every region of the world. Thus, the purpose of this research is to investigate what the priority areas are for the Department of Defense regarding climate change. Moreover, is the training within the military intelligence community currently up to standards to address this issue. The methodology of document analysis prompted a systematic look into seventeen key documents. The results of this research, for the first time, comprehensively summarizes vital topic areas that may be of significance for the Department of Defense. Moreover, it highlights that training and readiness within the military intelligence community to address recent mandates may be lacking. Finally, as a result of the findings, two recommendations were highlighted. These recommendations are founded on interpretative analysis from the textual data and may be helpful for a way forward for the Department of Defense.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/38F4LZFT,2022-05-01,Lauryn Such,,,2024-07-01T09:16:22Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1872,IS CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT OF THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY EFFECCTIVE,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/39433,"The creation of the Intelligence Community was derived from the National Security Act of 1947 which sought a need to have an organized community specifically geared towards the collection of intelligence to prevent strategic surprise. As time went on, there evolved a need to have effective mechanisms to oversee this community. Congressional oversight of the Intelligence Community (IC) is currently insufficient for several reasons. First, the IC continues to grow exponentially to address emerging threats around the world. The advent of technology allows for advanced methods of collection platforms that existing oversight policies did not consider when the policies were written. These policies require the heads of agencies to come to terms on collection tactics, techniques and procedures (TTP’s) therefore, governing policies are not written quickly enough to properly enforce compliance until violations are discovered and reported. Additionally, many of those charged with oversight (members of Congress) are not sufficiently familiar with the intelligence profession and either prefer to outsource the oversight responsibility or trust the various intelligence establishments to mind their own processes. This thesis will argue that current oversight protocols are insufficient, though mildly effective. The argument will include the rationale for ramping up intelligence capabilities at the onset of hostilities and illustrate through historical review how this process continues today. The argument will also support a method of adding proper and effective intelligence oversight to a Congressional body that will be difficult to circumvent. This paper will focus on getting to the root cause of ineffective congressional oversight.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C9W48M4B,2015-08-31,Edwin T. Vogt,,,2024-07-01T09:15:37Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1873,Geospatial Intelligence and Reducing and Mitigating the Spread of the Coronavirus in Marion County Indiana,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/63116,"This Capstone report assesses real-time data and presents current concerns the city of Indianapolis is facing today with the spread of the Coronavirus. Geospatial intelligence is also incorporated to provide mitigation procedures to reduce continual spread of the virus and dispersion of vaccines. Additionally, a business plan has been designed to describe and identify procedures necessary for an organization to answer intelligence requirement questions. This project will use the intelligence cycle to properly evaluate factors to prevent, protect, mitigate, and respond to decrease the spread of the virus. Implementing the intelligence cycle will also provide a better understanding on the spread of the Coronavirus in the city of Indianapolis and surrounding counties.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/83CD7TYI,2020-08-01,Isabel Valverde,,,2024-07-01T09:14:49Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1874,SUFFICIENCY AND RELATIVE VALUE OF INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION METHODS,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/64280,"The study of intelligence tends to focus on failures, tradeoffs, and organizational structure issues within the intelligence community that lead to those failures. Though all important topics to investigate, it has left a void in research on the sufficiency and value of intelligence, more specifically, whether advancements in technology make technical intelligence collection a sufficient means of meeting objectives. Also left understudied is whether technological advancements impact the relative value of human intelligence and technical intelligence. The following research employs comparative case studies to explore these issues. An analysis of the Second World War, Cold War, and Operation Neptune Spear were inconclusive as sufficiency and value are determined on a situational basis and impacted by external factors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y9Y3HPV7,2021-05-20,Rebecca Adamcheck,,,2024-07-01T09:13:36Z,['TEMXY72R'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1875,SHARING SECRETS: OPTIMIZING INTERNATIONAL INTELLIGENCE COOPERATION TO COUNTER TERRORISM & RISING THREATS,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37307,"This thesis seeks to provide understanding of how the U.S. Intelligence Community (USIC) has and can continue to optimizing international intelligence cooperation to counter terrorism and raising threats. This cooperation has become important as non-state actors have spread out across borders, making it difficult for a single state to detect and thwart their operations. As a result, the USIC increased its cooperation with foreign intelligence agencies. The benefits and difficulties of these relationships have been highlighted in recent years with the loss of various intelligence partners after the Arab Spring and with the U.S.-Russian failure to share information on Tamerlan Tsarnaev prior to the Boston Marathon Bombing. Though there is a great deal of academic literature on the increase of intelligence cooperation amongst USIC agencies, the topic of international intelligence cooperation is understudied. Chapter 1 evaluates how effective increased international intelligence cooperation has been in combating al-Qa’ida’s operational capabilities, using international intelligence cooperation on terrorist financing and international intelligence cooperation against al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula as case studies. Chapter 1 raises questions regarding the qualities and measurement of successful liaisons. In response, Chapter 2 focuses on the successful factors of intelligence relationships, finding that shared interests, mutual trust, and awareness of partner countries’ political concerns are essential for success. The Saudi-U.S. relationship and the Pakistani-U.S. relationship were examined, finding that Saudi Arabia is currently a successful partner and Pakistan is not. However, it also reveals that the relationship with Saudi Arabia can change quickly if the Saudi government becomes unstable or is overthrown, highlighting the importance of the political concerns factor. Chapter 3 further examines the political concerns factor outlined by trying to identify how the USIC could monitor and analyze political movements and instability within partner countries. To ensure against the surprise of an intelligence partner being ousted, the USIC needs to understand the political sentiments in partner countries, something it has failed to do on previous occasions. The Iranian Revolution and the Egyptian Revolution were used as case studies. The first case study shows Mossad was more focused and capable on collecting and analyzing public sentiments and therefore predicted the Shah’s fall. The Egyptian case study shows the failure of the USIC to collect and analyze public sentiment of Egyptians organizing via social media. These case studies show the USIC must enhance its collection requirements and analytical capabilities, including the creation of social media intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IDYW3I3Q,2014-06-09,Amanda Rossi,,,2024-07-01T09:11:46Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1876,Conceptual Metaphors and Their Effect on Intelligence Analysis,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/62704,"This study aims to evaluate the use of conceptual metaphors in intelligence products. Conceptual metaphors are commonly used to describe the world and can reveal the underlying perceptions of the person using the metaphor. Despite their ubiquitous use, there has not been adequate discussion of how conceptual metaphors are used in intelligence products and how they affect the intelligence process. This study uses declassified National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs) from the 1990s to identify and analyze the metaphors used by intelligence analysts. After identifying four important metaphorical concepts present in the NIEs, this study then explains the perceptions and worldviews of the authors that are revealed by the metaphors they use. This study found that these four metaphorical concepts consistently showed that the analysts writing these NIEs had specific views of the state and of conflict that affected their word use and descriptions. The identification of four significant concepts shows the importance of recognizing and evaluating the metaphors used by intelligence analysts. This paper encourages further study of metaphorical concepts used in intelligence analysis and how they might influence the conclusions drawn by both the analysts and the policymakers reading intelligence products.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9DES4FX5,2020-05-05,Anna De Graaf,,,2024-07-01T09:10:59Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1877,"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTELLIGENCE LED POLICING IN COUNTERING TERRORISM ON GLOBAL, NATIONAL, LOCAL, & CYBER FRONTS",Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/62722,"Research on intelligence led policing in general is lacking within academia but, it is extremely lacking in reference to intelligence led policing as a method to countering terrorism. There is also a lack of standardization for a uniform definition of intelligence led policing. This research seeks to begin to fill in the gaps in the research on intelligence led policing in academia but, acknowledges that further research will need to be completed on this topic in the future. This research aims to determine if intelligence led policing is an effective method for countering terrorism on local, national, and global levels, as well as on the new frontier on the internet. The methodology of this research utilizes data from the Global Terrorism Database and New America Foundation to compare incidences of terrorism before the implementation of intelligence led policing versus after its implementation. Data was also utilized from New America Foundation to compare the radicalization of jihadists online. This research found that while intelligence led policing may be an effective method to counter terrorism on its own, there are probably more significant variables that impact the method’s effectiveness than simply its implementation by law enforcement, such as manpower, budget, and federal government involvement. Further research is needed to determine if these variables, among others, may be more significant in determining the effectiveness of intelligence led policing as a counter terrorism method.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ETMVSMRZ,2020-05-06,Caitlin Ashleigh Cichoracki,,,2024-07-01T09:09:58Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1878,Covert Networks: A Comparative Study of Intelligence Techniques Used By Foreign Intelligence Agencies to Weaponize Social Media,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/62325,"From the Bolshevik Revolution to the Brexit Vote, the covert world of intelligence has attempted to influence global events with varying degrees of success. In 2016, one of the most brazen manifestations of Russian intelligence operations was directed against millions of Americans when they voted to elect a new president. Although this was not the first time that Russia attempted to influence an American presidential election, it was undoubtedly the largest attempt in terms of its scope and the most publicized to date. Although much discussion has followed the 2016 election, there have not been much concerted historical analysis which situates the events of 2016 within the global timeline of foreign intelligence collection. This paper argues that the onset of social media has altered intelligence collection in terms of its form, but not in terms of its essence. Using the case study method, this paper illustrates how three different nations apply classical intelligence techniques to the modern environment of social media. This paper examines how China has utilized classical agent recruitment techniques through sites like LinkedIn, how Iran has used classical honey trap techniques through a combination of social media sites, and how Russia has employed the classical tactics of kompromat, forgery, agents of influence and front groups in its modern covert influence campaigns. This paper’s case study analysis highlights the importance of bringing historical perspectives into the current discussion of digital intelligence operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VBH9NM6R,2019-12-30,Sarah Ogar,,,2024-07-01T09:09:39Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1879,Crossing the Rubicon: Investigating Congressional Oversight of the Intelligence Community,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/37319,"There is a common narrative among researchers and experts that congressional bipartisanship among intelligence overseers is decreasing and effectiveness is increasingly degraded. The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence has historically demonstrated strong bipartisanship as a result of its organization and leaders. Changing trends among committee membership and voting since the committee’s inception suggests the environment is shifting. There is evidence of modest increases in partisan membership and increasingly divided “yea” votes by committee members on significant national security legislation. However, examining open hearing dialogue suggests its necessary to maintain a more nuanced perspective of oversight partisanship and effectiveness. In the cyber domain, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence demonstrates strong public advocacy and actively addresses constitutional adherence by the Intelligence Community. The committee does not however, effectively provide the Intelligence Community important strategic guidance. Despite shortfalls, public perceptions of intelligence oversight are generally positive. Public opinion among informed respondent’s supports “hands-on” intelligence oversight with an understanding of the secrecy required by intelligence overseers. Respondents recognize the negative effects of partisanship and reinforce the significance of existing oversight institutions. There is support for some changes in intelligence oversight to improve effectiveness, but no indication respondents believe the system is in need of major change. Crossing the Rubicon explores each of these important intelligence oversight issues with objective and methodical analysis. The research provides academics and legislators unique data regarding a critical government function. Intelligence oversight has a responsibility to ensure American ideals are protected and the Intelligence Community operates effectively within prescribed boundaries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DPIY7EP8,2014-05-29,Ralph Corey,,,2024-07-01T09:08:52Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1880,COCA CULTIVATION IN PERU: A GEOSPATIAL INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION PLAN,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/67818,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/INENT9MA,2022-05-01,Lauren Est,,,2024-07-01T09:07:35Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1881,The Wide-Reaching Impacts of Intelligence Activities,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/44656,"The research in this thesis explores the wide reaching impacts of intelligence activities outside the enclave of the international intelligence community. Chapter one explores the impact U.S. intelligence analysis had on the Cold War policy of attempting to enact regime change in other countries. Through a series of case studies, it is determined that intelligence analysis was likely able to have influenced policymaking. Chapter 2 examines how violent non-state actors’ intelligence functions have developed over the past two decades (since 1997). Three case studies determine that the intelligence functions of VNSAs generally have shown significant developments over the past two decades and that these developments mirror developments seen in in states’ intelligence agencies, although delayed. Chapter 3 assesses how the recent insertion of space based military and intelligence assets by lesser and new space faring nations has impacted how nations interaction in space. A series of case studies surveying the behaviors of space faring nations after the first insertion of military and intelligence assets by several lesser and new space faring nations determines that though there has been an increased level of cooperation in space, there is evidence to suggest the domain is now a more competitive environment. In examining some of the expected and unexpected effects of intelligence activities, this thesis aims to enrich the field of intelligence studies by addressing several under researched topics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GMJW5WFS,2017-09-14,Fletcher Franklin,,,2024-07-01T09:06:23Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1882,EXAMINING THE FBI’S EARLY INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY ON INTER-AGENCY INTELLIGENCE SHARING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COOPERATION WITHIN THE UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY BETWEEN 1947 AND 1969,Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/64264,"This research study addresses the issue of cooperation within the United States Intelligence Community (USIC) in the early years of the Cold War, particularly 1947-1969. This paper explores the establishment of the FBI and the issues surrounding its various mission sets, primarily focusing on issues relating to national security. In comparing the agencies, I examine whether the CIA, the DIA, and NSA experienced similar or different issues as the FBI in cooperation, intelligence sharing, collaboration, communication, and trust during the early years of each organization. In the analysis section, I examine each agency’s inception rationale, intended mission(s), early case work, and external cooperation, and compare them to those of the FBI. Finally, this research study highlights the structural and contextual similarities and differences between the three agencies and the FBI. In doing so, I identify which variables fostered inter-agency cooperation and which variables caused inter-agency friction. This study concludes that although the FBI shared similar difficulties as the CIA, DIA, NSA, it disproportionately struggled to cooperate, collaborate, communicate, and gain the trust of other agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4VMM5744,2021-05-13,Claudia Hammond,,,2024-07-01T09:01:33Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1883,"INTELLIGENCE FAILURES, STRATEGIC SURPRISE, AND 'REDUCING UNCERTAINTY': RESHAPING INFORMATION SHARING AND THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE IN THE UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY",Thesis,http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/68510,"This study examines information sharing in the United States Intelligence Community (IC) to determine if intelligence reforms over the past seven decades have effectively resulted in efficient improvements to information sharing in order to aid readers in better understanding the role and importance of information sharing in intelligence processes so they might be able to improve future prevention efforts for intelligence failures with more proficient information sharing and a more applicable sharing model and process. To achieve this goal, this study raises a fundamental research question: What impact would a redefined model of Data Sharing and Intelligence Dissemination (DSID) throughout the IC have compared to the traditional model of information sharing? To answer this question, this study conducted three internal studies centered around historical and procedural case studies examining the relation of information sharing to intelligence failures, major hurdles to sharing in the IC, and the effectiveness of the DSID model. By examining historical intelligence failures, this study found intelligence reforms over the past 70 years have failed to result in efficient improvements to information sharing. Additionally, it identifies specific issues interwoven into IC practices and processes preventing information sharing. Finally, through the proposal and evaluation of the DSID model, the study outlined means by which analysts may improve future prevention efforts for intelligence failures by establishing more proficient information sharing with a more applicable model and comprehensive intelligence process. The comprehensive analysis presented in this study resulted in an end-to-end analysis beginning with the establishment of a critical issue of poor information sharing within the IC, outlining how this issue is interwoven into foundational practices of the IC, presented and tested a potential solution (the DSID model), and identified hurdles to the implementation of intelligence reforms. Overall, this study concludes the likelihood of implementing the DSID model today is highly unlikely based upon four issues directly tied to the atmosphere of the IC: (1) the bureaucratic nature of the IC; (2) the void of a catalyst to drive change in the IC; (3) a resulting lack of desire to change the status quo; and (4) the burden of cost.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5F96X4DN,2023-05-19,Anthony James Artiaga,,,2024-07-01T09:00:22Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Master's Thesis,Johns Hopkins University,,,,,,,,, 1884,Towards a Theory in Counternarcotics Intelligence: Building a Framework for Security in America,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/1054958,"The U.S. ‘War on Drugs’ has been met with significant obstacles and the need for an overhaul and improvement in counternarcotics intelligence. The importance of the development of an analytical theory is accentuated by the current state of the American addiction epidemic and its threat to homeland security, and needs to be approached with a thoughtful urgency. The threat of transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) in Mexico and abroad that facilitate the narcotics trade is becoming a growing challenge for the U.S. intelligence community. This thesis provides a review and framework for the development of intelligence theory specific to counternarcotics. Research and academic literature on the theory of counternarcotics intelligence theory is limited. Through general intelligence theory literature, historical content, and information on the agencies and operations of the U.S. counternarcotics intelligence community, a comprehensive analysis of siloes and mission diversion is explored. A comparative analysis of intelligence services of the U.S., Mexico, TCOs, and other non-state actors in Afghanistan reveals strengths and weaknesses in approaches for building a framework. Understanding methods and tactics of TCOs and the disadvantages of the U.S. in relation to intelligence analysis and policy is paramount to theory development and making intelligence more relevant. Major areas of focus and improvement for the intelligence community are: defining roles of agencies and mission; defining a counternarcotics intelligence expert; updating social and intelligence strategies to dissemble TCOs, focusing resources on intelligence strategy versus law enforcement tactics; and establishing a foundation that acknowledges the ethical obligation of counternarcotics intelligence officials to those people impacted by addiction and their families.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3BN2MGKN,2018,Danielle Tarino,,,2024-07-01T08:55:06Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1885,Does intelligence oversight support or hinder counterinsurgency (COIN) and homeland defense operations?,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553331,"This document begins with a description of the necessity of intelligence as a tool for fighting a counterinsurgency. From analyzing two theorists on the practice and theory of counterinsurgency it will become clear that the population is the key to countering the efforts of an insurgent force.; Standards of practice in obtaining intelligence are the means to maintaining an effective counterinsurgency. The established laws and guidelines for gathering intelligence will be studied. The evolution of intelligence gathering in the United States brings to light the necessity of laws and guidelines for gathering intelligence both within and outside our nation's borders. The laws developed serve to constrain the intelligence gathering agencies not restrain them. Constraints place limits of the method of gathering intelligence, while restraints keep agencies from gathering intelligence.; The current conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan serve as examples to exemplify the effects of improper intelligence gathering techniques. When intelligence oversight laws were set aside the insurgency gained strength. Once sound theories were placed into practice and intelligence oversight and international laws were followed the insurgence lost support; or rather the counterinsurgency gained support.; The function of gathering intelligence can be fulfilled within the civic and humanitarian laws in place. In fact, following international humanitarian laws enhances the credibility of action at home and abroad. Intelligence oversight laws do not place undue constraints on operators, but provide guidance in proven methods of supporting counterinsurgency and homeland operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5A2CR9MY,2010,Victor Hugo Harris,,,2024-07-01T08:53:29Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1886,ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE'S EFFECTS ON INFORMATION SHARING WITHIN THE UNITED STATES INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/557636,"A major factor contributing to national security failures in the United States is the inability of the Intelligence Community to share information effectively. This failure is rooted within the organizational culture of the Intelligence Community. The U.S. government has failed to adequately identify, conceptually understand, and address culture as an impediment toward information sharing, particularly before September 11, 2011. The author contends that the unique culture of agencies within the Intelligence Community is necessary to their mission success, but it may also inhibit the effective exchange of information. Using Edgar Schein's theory and model of organizational culture, this thesis analyzes the culture of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, with an eye toward how those cultures affect information sharing. Through understanding and applying the principles of organizational culture, the Intelligence Community will have the opportunity to improve its information-sharing environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9W3ME76L,2012,Alexander E. Montgomery,,,2024-07-01T08:52:58Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1887,2003 Iraq War : intelligence or political failure?,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553294,"The bold U.S. decision to invade Iraq in 2003 was anchored in intelligence justifications that would later challenge U.S. credibility. Policymakers exhibited unusual bureaucratic and public dependencies on intelligence analysis, so much so that efforts were made to create supporting information. To better understand the amplification of intelligence, the use of data to justify invading Iraq will be explored alongside events leading up to the U.S.-led invasion in 2003. This paper will examine the use of intelligence to invade Iraq as well as broader implications for politicization. It will not examine the justness or ethics of going to war with Iraq but, conclude with the implications of abusing intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/89EA58NH,2011,Dione Brunson,,,2024-07-01T08:21:01Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1888,"Intelligence outsourcing in the U.S. Department of Defense : theory, practice, and implications",Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553492,"The Department of Defense expanded significantly its contracting for intelligence services after 9/11. This increased outsourcing poses as-yet unevaluated financial, structural, and normative challenges for the defense intelligence enterprise, the executive branch, Congress, and the American people. This thesis integrates findings from economics, organizational science, legal, and military privatization literatures to create a foundation for a broader inquiry into the full implications of widespread contracting for defense intelligence services. This integrative analysis yields a framework for determining the eligibility of defense intelligence functions for private performance, and applies this framework to defense intelligence contracts that were competed during the past decade. This thesis finds that intelligence outsourcing--while a useful tool--may be financially and structurally deleterious and undermines American constitutional governance when contractors are allowed to perform inherently governmental activities. This thesis concludes with a series of policy prescriptions intended to strengthen the practice of outsourcing intelligence services within the defense intelligence enterprise.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E5JEC9Y4,2011,Jacob Benjamin Gale,,,2024-07-01T08:24:33Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1889,U.S. intelligence and the Shah 1957-1979 : a case study of asymmetric intelligence liaison,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553466,"This paper tests the hypothesis that asymmetric intelligence liaison is damaging to the competitive advantage of the state that appears to be getting the most out of the arrangement. This is one facet of Jennifer Sims's theory of intelligence liaison and is based on the logic that while one state may be benefiting in the short term from such an association, in the long term this situation represents either institutionalized intelligence dependency or a miscalculation on the part of the superordinate state of the true costs of the liaison. The hypothesis was tested using the U.S. - Iranian intelligence relationship from 1957 to 1979 as a case study. I found that the relationship was allowed to devolve from a relatively equal partnership to a situation where the U.S. was largely dependent on the Shah for its collection against the Soviet Union, and therefore asymmetric. Both actors responded as predicted by the theory, but without success from the U.S. perspective. This suggests several refinements to the theory, including the necessity of determining the value of liaison for a particular partner the target of the intelligence relationship in calculations of symmetry, and also the danger presented by uniquely valuable collection assets to such calculations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q84JCURM,2010,Philip Jason Cherry,,,2024-07-01T08:28:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1890,"International intelligence cooperation in counter-terrorism : causes, complications and consequences",Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553538,"This research project identifies the key factors to successful international intelligence cooperation in counter-terrorism. The project will use a qualitative case study approach to test how the level of trust, a common threat perception, and a cost/benefit analysis (the independent variables) effect successful counter-terrorism outcomes (the dependent variable), as well as the importance of international cooperation (the causal mechanism). The researcher aims to identify the key variables for successful counter-terrorism to be considered by policy makers, and to provide recommendations for future international intelligence cooperation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WRTRLYAY,2009,Stefan Lelewel,,,2024-07-01T08:32:25Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1891,Directed or diffuse? : Chinese human intelligence targeting of US defense technology,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553457,"This paper examines China's use of traditional and non-traditional information gathering efforts, and seeks to delineate trends in its use of each. It asks two primary questions: First, under what circumstances does China employ traditional espionage methods to collect United States technologies and intelligence pertaining to those technologies? Second, under what circumstances does China employ non-traditional, diffuse methods for collecting United States technologies and intelligence pertaining to those technologies? I assess that China's intelligence apparatus employs the activities that it deems most appropriate, given the sensitivity and accessibility of the desired technology. I hypothesize that China's intelligence services implement more ""traditional"" intelligence operations in order to obtain more sensitive, to include classified, US government information, and use a more opportunistic, ""non-traditional"" approach for transfer of export restricted and other less sensitive types of information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UDAYLQML,2009,Amy Elizabeth Brown,,,2024-07-01T08:49:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1892,The Romanian intelligence services during the Cold War : how small powers can sometimes be strong,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553496,"The present study examines the ability of small states to influence the balance of power at the international level, using their intelligence services. Romania's involvement in the Cold War superpower competition and its international posture after the collapse of communism corroborate the core assumption put forward in the neorealist theory of intelligence: that the structure of the international system can bolster the effectiveness of a small state's intelligence service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/33HFC2A7,2010,Rodica Eliza Gheorghe,,,2024-07-01T08:50:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1893,The battle for intelligence : how a new understanding of intelligence illuminates victory and defeat in World War II,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553559,"Does intelligence make a difference in war? Two World War II battles provide testing grounds for answering this question. Allied intelligence predicted enemy attacks at both Midway and Crete with uncanny accuracy, but the first battle ended in an Allied victory, while the second finished with crushing defeat. A new theory of intelligence called ""Decision Advantage,"" illuminates how the success of intelligence helped facilitate victory at Midway and how its dysfunction contributed to the defeat at Crete. This view stands in contrast to that of some military and intelligence scholars who argue that intelligence has little impact on battle. This paper uses the battles of Midway and Crete to test the power of Sims's theory of intelligence. By the theory's standards, intelligence in the case of victory outperformed intelligence in the case of defeat, suggesting these cases uphold the explanatory power of the theory. Further research, however, could enhance the theory's prescriptive power.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LZ2BWV2I,2011,Edward J. Piotrowicz,,,2024-07-01T08:51:22Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 1894,Counterinsurgency and intelligence in Kenya : 1952-56.,Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251561,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AW4DDMEQ,1994-01-25,Randall William Heather,,,2024-07-01T07:51:16Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 1895,Epistemology of Intelligence Agencies,Preprint,https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4597003,"About the analogy between the epistemological and methodological aspects of the activity of intelligence agencies and some scientific disciplines, advocating for a more scientific approach to the process of collecting and analyzing information within the intelligence cycle. I assert that the theoretical, ontological and epistemological aspects of the activity of many intelligence agencies are underestimated, leading to incomplete understanding of current phenomena and confusion in inter-institutional collaboration. After a brief Introduction, which includes a history of the evolution of the intelligence concept after World War II, Intelligence Activity defines the objectives and organization of intelligence agencies, the core model of these organizations (the intelligence cycle), and the relevant aspects of the intelligence gathering and intelligence analysis. In the Ontology section, I highlight the ontological aspects and the entities that threaten and are threatened. The Epistemology section includes aspects specific to intelligence activity, with the analysis of the traditional (Singer) model, and a possible epistemological approach through the concept of tacit knowledge developed by scientist Michael Polanyi. In the Methodology section there are various methodological theories with an emphasis on structural analytical techniques, and some analogies with science, archeology, business and medicine. In Conclusions I argue on the possibility of a more scientific approach to methods of intelligence gathering and analysis of intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CK26FDIF,2019-04-07,Nicolae Sfetcu,,,2024-07-01T06:13:30Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.2139/ssrn.4597003,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388469286,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4597003, 1896,"Human intelligence tradecraft and MI5 operations in Britain, 1919-1940",Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252117,"Using recently declassified files of the British Security Service (MI5), this dissertation studies agent operations in Britain during the interwar period. 'Tradecraft' -the skills behind the recruitment and handling of agents-was just as important to successful agent operations in the years 1919-1940 as it is today. At times, the quality of tradecraft directly influenced larger policy and security concerns, as this dissertation's analysis of a series of case studies demonstrates. The absence of a rigorous study of clandestine human intelligence (HUMINT) tradecraft in the existing literature of the interwar period-even within the specialised field of intelligence history-is therefore all the more conspicuous. This dissertation is a step towards filling that gap in the historiography of intelligence and interwar Britain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8W2B6YUW,2008-11-18,Kevin Patrick Quinlan,,,2024-06-30T22:08:06Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 1897,Playing the long game : UK secret intelligence and its relationship with chemical and biological weapons related foreign policy,Thesis,https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/3373/,"This thesis considers the influence of secret intelligence on UK chemical and biological warfare related foreign policy. Using the Butler Report, published in the wake of the 2003 Iraq War as a reference, a model of intelligence and foreign policy interaction will be constructed. This model will then be used as a baseline against which to compare the interaction of intelligence and foreign policy relating to chemical and / or biological weapons from three case studies; the Soviet Union, South Africa and Libya. Specifically, this thesis will consider how, in each of the three case studies: intelligence linked to foreign policy, what role intelligence had in the termination / exposure of those programmes, what factors might be seen to affect that relationship, and whether intelligence might be seen to be representative of state power. The thesis will argue that the 2003 Iraq War, as described by Butler, marked a paradigm shift in terms of the relationship between intelligence and foreign policy. In particular, it will be argued that the lead up to that war marks a transition in the function of intelligence from something that had always worked to gather information to inform foreign policy to hunting for information to directly support or justify a foreign policy decision that has already been taken. Each of the three case studies will also show the intelligence and foreign policy relationship is further influenced by other factors including personalities, organisational structures and cultures as well as the perceived importance of that case study as a political issue. The thesis will conclude by suggesting that the case studies examined provide several policy recommendations; that HUMINT is essential in counterproliferation efforts, that the development of technical specialists with UK intelligence agencies is vital to prevent future proliferation crises, and that pre-emptive war places such rigorous demands on the intelligence agencies it seems they are at present unable to respond quickly enough – this requires urgent action if UK foreign policy is to continue to purse counter-proliferation as a key objective.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6X4J4ETE,2009-09-01,Mark Wilkinson,,,2024-06-30T21:58:10Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Warwick,,,,,,,,, 1898,"Falling out with history : Hollywood and the Central Intelligence Agency, 1945 - 1975",Thesis,https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/47074/,"This thesis examines the representation of the Central Intelligence Agency and its predecessor the Office of Strategic Services in Hollywood cinema from 1945-1975. It argues that the development of these cinematic representations over time has articulated a growing scepticism towards ""official"" narratives of the past that regard the state as the arbiter of historical authenticity. This scepticism towards state-sourced history is a consequence of increasing US government secrecy. In other words, secrecy fundamentally problematizes state-sourced approaches to historical representation, which rely on the state as an authoritative, trustworthy and relatively transparent producer of the documentary record. The epistemological problem of representing secret institutions is referred to here as the ""paradox of secrecy"" for historical representation. It is argued that Hollywood’s shift away from state-sourced representations of the CIA is a consequence of this paradox. This thesis is influenced by Hayden White's notion that a given form of historical representation is inherently ideological and even specifically political in its ramifications. In this sense, it is argued that the political content of the films examined here are very much a product of their approach to historical representation itself. This thesis identifies four dominant forms of the American spy film during this period. The first, which was dominant from roughly 1945 up until 1959, was the ""semi-documentary"". This form of spy thriller celebrated the centrality of the state as the arbiter of historical authenticity and relied upon extensive liaison between filmmakers and government. In chapter 1-3, this thesis traces the rise and fall of the semi-documentary and its ultimately frustrated attempts to represent the CIA. Chapter 4 examines the second dominant form of the spy thriller: the romantic fable. This form, epitomized by James Bond, represents an ironic ""camp"" reaction to state-sourced approaches to historical representation. Chapter 5 provides a detailed analysis of Alfred Hitchcock’s trilogy of Cold War spy films. It argues that Hitchcock moved away from the camp fable towards the third dominant form: realism. This form, epitomized by the novels of John Le Carré, began a move away from the playful irony of the camp spy fables and offered a far more skeptical and politicized critique of the state and Cold War espionage as Machiavellian in nature. This scepticism towards the state paved the way for the fourth dominant form of the spy film: the conspiracy thriller, which is examined in chapter 6. The 1970s conspiracy thriller represents the precise opposite of the semi-documentary in that it regards the state and state secrecy as the primary obstacle to historical veracity and authenticity. By asserting the possibility of recovering ""historical truth"" from the miasma of state secrecy, however, the conspiracy narrative moves away from the irony of 1960s spy cinema and articulates the possibility of the redemption of the past. This diachronic transformation of the American spy thriller from the semi-documentary to the conspiracy thriller traces the broader cultural process of growing distrust in government narratives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BPPAMWES,2011-11-01,Simon Willmetts,,,2024-02-06T14:13:25Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', '9YH9YSYQ']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Warwick,,,,,,,,, 1899,"News, intelligence and 'little lies' : rumours between the Cherokees and the British 1740-1785",Thesis,http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/record=b2683328~S1,"Rumour and information are one of the most fundamental ways in which people engage with one another. Rumours can change the way that individuals and groups see each other and the actions that they take. Sociologists and anthropologists have long used rumour as a way to explore the experiences of their subjects. Historians of early America have, in recent years, begun to make use of rumour as a way of examining the, often hidden, world of interactions between American Indians and white Europeans. This thesis will expand upon this work by exploring the changing role of rumour within an intercultural relationship over several decades. This thesis will focus on rumour in the relationship between the Cherokee Nation and the colonists of the British Empire. It will explore the ways that rumour influenced these interactions and the impact of the rapidly changing backcountry environment of the latter eighteenth century, both on rumour and on the wider Cherokee- British relationship. This thesis will argue that rumour shifted in the course of the eighteenth century from being a diplomatic tool which could be used- either to create further panic and confusion or to calm and smooth over problems- to an uncontrollable force which would deepen and exacerbate the divisions between Cherokees and the British. Rumour played an important role in politics and society in the eighteenth century backcountry and its changing function offers a way to better understand the shifting currents of life in early America.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WWJRPHMV,2012-10-01,Christopher D. Vernon,,,2024-06-30T21:57:09Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Warwick,,,,,,,,, 1900,Data fusion for human intelligence and crisis management : handling information from untrusted sources,Thesis,http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/record=b2812779~S1,"Situation awareness is a key requirement in managing civil contingencies, since major incidents, accidents and natural disasters are by their very nature highly unpredictable and confusing situations. It is important that those responsible for dealing with them have the best available information. The mash-up approach brings together information from multiple public and specialist sources to form a synoptic view, but the controller is still faced with multiple, partial and possibly conflicting reports from untrusted sources. The aim of this research is to investigate how the varying provenance of the data can be tracked and exploited to prioritise the information presented to a busy incident controller, and to synthesise a model or models of the situation that the evidence pertains to. The approach in this research is to develop a system involving novel approach and techniques to allow incident controllers and similar decision makers to augment official information input streams with information contributed by the wider public (either explicitly submitted to them or harvested from social networks such as Facebook and Twitter), and to be able to handle inconsistencies and uncertainty arising from the unreliability of such sources in a flexible way. The system takes in situational data in a structured format, such as the Tactical Situation Object (TSO) proposed by OASIS, a project funded by the European Framework Programme 6 (FP6) and performs an automated logical consistency checking in order to isolate inconsistent and absurd messages, identify the inconsistency between messages and cluster the consistent messages together. Each cluster of consistent messages that gives a possible view of a situation that the evidence pertains to is referred to as a `World View'. The logical consistency checking is performed using Alloy and Alloy Analyzer (sic). Finally, the system presents a set of possible world views, each internally consistent, which are ranked based upon an initial information provenance and quality metric (configured by the user) which is used to score the individual data items. The provenance and quality metric includes those factors that influence trust in information such as identity and location of informant, reputation, corroboration, freshness of information, etc. The result is a set of world views prioritised according to the provenance, trust and information quality metric. This thesis also presents some experimental results as proof of the concept. The experimentation has been carried out with a very small set of data to make the automation (automatic experimentation) feasible. However, a theoretical proof is offered to demonstrate the viability of the concept. Future work includes testing the system in real-life cases, in order to understand the utility of the system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NQWJ9QPG,2014-01-01,Syed S. Rahman,,,2024-06-30T21:56:33Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Warwick,,,,,,,,, 1901,‘Secret Towns’ : British intelligence in Asia during the Cold War,Thesis,http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/record=b2933583~S1,"The British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) remains one of the most obscure and elusive government agencies. Despite its rich and often tangled past, the SIS withstood various challenges in the twentieth century to become a vital instrument in Britain’s foreign policy, offering both traditional intelligence gathering, and a covert action capability. Despite recent revelations about its Cold War history, knowledge about this organisation is uneven at best, and this is particularly so in Asia. Despite Britain’s imperial history, which anchored informal intelligence gathering networks on a global scale, SIS’s presence in Asia is largely undiscovered. This thesis asks why this lacuna exists in SIS’s history; what was SIS activity in this region during the Cold War? Moreover, what was the value of this activity? Utilising a primarily archival methodology, this thesis sheds light on British intelligence activity in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Hanoi in the late 1960s. The strategic aims are twofold. Firstly, it explores the kinds of intelligence gathered, and the difficulties encountered from operating within the heart of a secure communist state in order to gauge an ‘enemy society’. In doing so, it challenges conventional definitions of intelligence, pointing to the notion of a dual identity diplomat-intelligence officer, that provided alternative means of acquiring intelligence within denied areas. In this way, it opens a window into a new dimension of SIS history, and, by extension, GCHQ, both of whom operated from the grey space between diplomacy and intelligence. Secondly, it examines this intelligence through the broader framework of the Anglo-American Special Relationship, given that these three case study countries were areas where the SIS operated, but where the CIA encountered real hindrances due to a lack of diplomatic premises. By tracing the path of British intelligence material, and analysing its reception by its American audience, it ultimately assesses the value of such intelligence. It argues that the granular detail afforded, and the insight on broader strategic relationships it provided, inverted the Special Relationship, rendering Britain a valued partner when it came to intelligence collection in this region and off-setting imbalances elsewhere.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U39ZPNMM,2016-03-01,Nikita Shah,,,2024-06-30T21:55:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Warwick,,,,,,,,, 1902,The evolving relationship of intelligence in support of cyber operations,Thesis,http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/record=b3985085,"The emerging cyber intelligence mission has increasingly occupied practitioner and decisionmaker attention in competition, crisis and conflict. Understanding the ways of knowing in, through, and about the cyber domain has become critical to national security and commerce. The core purpose of intelligence – whether framed as an activity, product, or organization – is to create decision advantage. This thesis examines the determinants of decision advantage in cyber operations. It focuses on analysis of decision tradeoffs within the terrain of uncertainty, and the means by which intelligence serves to bound these uncertainties in offensive, defensive, and countering missions. The advantage thus gained by intelligence serves a key role in contesting control of cyberspace, and even more critically in knowing what kind of contest that a sovereign is engaged in – whether a contest of arms, a contest of initiative, or a contest of intelligence itself. These interactions are explored, offering new insights into ongoing debates of strategy – including major questions of persistence, deterrence, and escalation. Further conclusions are offered to connect intelligence theory to praxis, encompassing diagnosis of context collision across multiple epistemic communities, and resulting challenges of decision alignment, with implications for tradecraft assurance and innovation to guard against recurring analytic pathologies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2G66LX33,2023-07-01,J. D. Work,,,2024-06-30T21:55:06Z,['8XXD789V'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Warwick,,,,,,,,, 1903,Multi-agency counter-terrorism in Britain and Norway : intelligence agencies and the administration of welfare,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/09670106241234203,"This article explores the emergence of new counter-terrorism programmes in the Britain and Norway through which intelligence and security agencies administer welfare. Support and resources are covertly allocated to persons identified as potential threats, through multi-agency structures led by intelligence and security agencies. Unlike Countering Violent Extremism programmes, this multi-agency management is not led by the local municipality; nor are its participants asked to consent to participation. These new programmes are covert. To conceptualize the significance of intelligence agencies entering the space of welfare administration, Mitchell Dean’s work ‘Liberal Government and Authoritarianism’ is used to underline the traditional separation of agencies within liberal governmentality. Governing through freedom entails the ostensible separation of policing, education and care agencies – reflecting the categorization of the population into groups requiring varying levels of coercion to self-govern. To avoid governing too much, each category of population is allocated a specific agency. Traditionally, intelligence and security agencies have been positioned at the highest tier of repression. By entering the space of welfare administration (and thus social policy), intelligence and security agencies have disturbed the sectoral separation integral to liberal governmentality, leaving care and repression in an ever more ambiguous relationship.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F9NUWFLR,2024-05-01,Charlotte Heath-Kelly,Sage Publications Ltd.,Security Dialogue,2024-06-30T21:52:52Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1177/09670106241234203,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396591217,20.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4396591217,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/09670106241234203,0.0 1904,"THE SECRET HISTORY OF WORLD WAR II: Spies, Code Breakers, & Covert Operations",Book,https://nationalgeographicpartners.com/2016/10/the-secret-history-of-world-war-ii-spies-code-breakers-covert-operations/,"Spies, Secret Agents, and Covert Operations: An Untold Chapter of World War II from the team behind bestseller Eyewitness to World War II, complete with hundreds of rare photos and artifacts",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DG3Q6KX5,2016-10-05T22:12:00+00:00,"Neil Kagan, Stephen G. Hyslop",National Geographic Partners LLC,,2024-06-30T17:57:25Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1905,Uncovered: 428-year-old secret dossier reveals Elizabeth I’s network of spies,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/29/uncovered-428-year-old-secret-dossier-reveals-elizabeth-is-network-of-spies,"A list compiled by spymaster Robert Cecil gives an insight into the beginnings of the secret service, says historian",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8JHPRYYC,2024-06-29T15:00:03.000Z,Donna Ferguson,,The Guardian,2024-06-30T16:24:18Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1906,'Africa for the Africans'!: How British Imperial Counter-Intelligence Prevented the Threat of Pan-Islamism to the Security of the British Empire in East Africa during the East African Campaign of the First World War,Thesis,https://research.aber.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/africa-for-the-africans,"The First World War allowed for two sources of Pan-Islamism to mature in East Africa: the German Empire and East Africans and the African diaspora. The former had an incentive to develop Pan-Islamism as an element of the ‘special feature’ policy they were employing to assist in securing victory in the First World War. This was a policy ‘to foster and encourage any movements of unrest and sedition’, including the Pan-Islamic movement, ‘directed against the British Empire’.1 The latter, who, due to the military needs of the European empires, had been forced to converge in East Africa in a manner never previously seen, conversed about Pan-Islamism amongst themselves. Officials of the British Empire identified that Pan-Islamism had manifested itself into two threats: Pan-Islamic unity and the use of the machinery developed by Pan-Islamism by those who advocated for Pan-Africanism. The developing counter-intelligence arm of the British imperial intelligence establishment worked to counter these threats. This development resulted in the institution of the East African Intelligence Centre in 1917. They were successful: to a point. The British Empire in East Africa was not destroyed by Pan-Islamism during the First World War. But they were unable to remove the threat posed by Pan-Islamism from the East African region. In the early Twentieth Century the United Kingdom had revolutionised its intelligence establishment, but it had failed to realise that counter-intelligence in the British Empire had not been accounted for. Consequently, the British Empire was forced to institute a colonial counter-intelligence establishment during the hostilities of the Great War. With little previous work to build upon, the British Empire was faced with a severe shortage in relevant expertise",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F67EUBKG,2019,Charlotte Catherine Botfield,,,2022-12-27T23:22:00Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,PhD Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 1907,"Intelligence Democratisation: A Comparative Analysis of Portugal, Greece, and Spain",Thesis,http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/22940,"The relationship between intelligence and democratisation is always delicate. In this thesis, the intelligence democratisation levels of the Portuguese, Greek, and Spanish intelligence services will be analysed comparatively. This will take place based on five Security Sector Reform (SSR) indicators: Lustration, Control and Oversight, Collection, Recruitment and Civil Society. It will be shown that although the three case studies started their transition to democracy around the same time, they present different results when it comes to intelligence democratisation. Legacies of the past emerge as the main barrier for reform with the Portuguese intelligence service being the one that has made the most steps towards democratising after an intensive lustration process. Other interesting themes, such as the relationship between consumers and producers of intelligence as well as the role of civil society, constitute key trends within the analysis and help understand the reasons behind progress made (or not) across the three cases.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SGWC7V7V,2021,Sofia Tzamarelou,,,2024-06-30T11:39:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Master's Thesis,Brunel University London,,,,,,,,, 1908,Cyber HUMINT In Cybersecurity: A Content Analysis,Thesis,https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/96181,"The subject of the study is ""cyber HUMINT."" HUMINT means human intelligence collected by humans and/or from humans. The cyber prefix in the term ""cyber HUMINT"" means that it is conducted in cyberspace, an artificial environment. Interconnected systems and networks enable it. The study analyzed the online content of private cybersecurity organizations by answering the question, “What is cyber HUMINT in cybersecurity?” The study uses content analysis and draws on various academic sources to explore how human intelligence works in the traditional and digital era. The research method chosen is qualitative content analysis, a systematic approach to analyzing and interpreting the content of various online content providers' ""cyber HUMINT"" on cybersecurity. The approach follows the American tradition of grouping similar and disaggregated content to create a hierarchical structure where larger similar groups form a whole. The first subcategory covers techniques to gain insight into the intentions of threat actors and the evolving threat landscape. The second category highlights the importance of proactive cyber intelligence gathering to identify potential cyber threats before they cause damage. The latter highlights the role of ""cyber HUMINT"" in cyber threat intelligence and emphasizes its importance in forming preventive strategies based on the cyber threat landscape. Overall, this is a proactive approach to human-centered cyber threat intelligence. The study concludes that cyber HUMINT plays a significant role in gathering threat information from human sources to enhance cyber security measures. The study highlighted the human dimension of cybersecurity, cyber intelligence, and operations in cyberspace and the digital world. The study delved into how technology is transforming the method of human intelligence from a cybersecurity perspective. Automation to scale up operations, the ethics of operations, and compliance with the law due to human-centricity emerged as important perspectives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C5ISR2HG,2024,Juho Hermanni Koivula,,,2024-06-30T11:33:06Z,"['8XXD789V', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Jyväskylä,,,,,,,,, 1909,"A blue ribbon goat: the Rockefeller Commission, public opinion, and the ford administration’s intelligence reform failure",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2370133,"After allegations of the US intelligence community conducting illegal operations that targeted American citizens, 1975 became known as the Year of Intelligence. The subject dominated national discourse and led to competing programmes of intelligence oversight proposed by Congress and the executive branch. This article examines the Ford administration’s programme that started with the Rockefeller Commission in January 1975 and ended with the issue of Executive order 11,905 in 1976. It argues that neither were enough to stave off Congress intruding on executive control of the intelligence community, because the Ford administration inaccurately measured the public’s demands for genuine reform.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/26W8UKGB,2024-06-28,Dafydd Townley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-06-30T11:31:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2370133,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4400112663,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2024.2370133?needAccess=true, 1910,Unravelling effectiveness in intelligence: a systematic review,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2370132,"Effectiveness is a term often used in intelligence studies. However, what effectiveness means in relation to intelligence remains elusive and intelligence effectiveness is studied from a wide variety of viewpoints. This paper aims to understand the concepts of effectiveness of intelligence and seeks to gain greater insight into what drives effectiveness. Reviewing 176 studies from 12 journals this paper identifies four paradigms of intelligence effectiveness – utility, intelligence failure, precision, and rigor- and describes distinct perspectives within each paradigm, the constructs used to determine effectiveness, and their antecedents. Analysis of the results shows that the paradigms of intelligence effectiveness are interrelated. In addition, paradigms and their constructs can be sequenced, revealing gaps in our knowledge, and providing an agenda for further research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TMGQZ32S,2024-06-28,Gideon Manger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-06-30T11:30:33Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2370132,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4400112540,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4400112540,2026.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2370132,2.0 1911,THE RISE OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR,Conference paper,https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=1244830,"Open-source intelligence (OSINT) benefited significantly from the information and technology advances, growing constantly in reach and scope due to innovations as the Internet, social media platforms and portable electronic devices. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war provides an ideal environment for OSINT to display its worth in various aspects of modern warfare, ranging from anticipatory intelligence and situational awareness to crowdsourcing information and counter disinformation. This article aims to analyze how OSINT shaped the Russian-Ukrainian war in practical ways, maturing along the way to become a cornerstone among the intelligence collection disciplines.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LRRET9A3,2023,"Gabriel Popescu, Sorin Carpen",Carol I National Defence University Publishing House,,2024-06-29T12:15:18Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1912,"Our People’s War: Home Intelligence Reports and the Monitoring of British Morale, June 1941-December 1944",Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/our-peoples-war-9781350335028/,"What was the mood of the British people during the middle and later years of the Second World War? How did they react to the major military and domestic events of the period? What issues were uppermost in their minds? What incidents caused particular public interest and controversy? These are some of the insights provided by this remarkable collection of contemporary wartime documents. During the Second World War, Home Intelligence, a unit of the Ministry of Information, closely monitored British public attitudes on the home front and compiled secret reports on the state of popular morale which were circulated around Whitehall. In this volume, leading historian of the period, Jeremy Crang, brings together selected Home Intelligence reports from June 1941 to December 1944 to offer us a fascinating 'real time' glimpse into the mindset of the British people during these long years of struggle. The reports provide a unique window into public responses to the shifting military fortunes of the war, including the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the British and Commonwealth victory at El Alamein, the strategic bombing of Germany, the defeat of Italy, and the Allied landings in Normandy. They also include much valuable information on the continuing stresses and strains of wartime life such as the blackout, rationing, fuel economy and strikes – as well as the V-weapon attacks of 1944 which brought back all the horrors of the Blitz. Alongside this, hopes and fears about the post-war world come to feature strongly and Home Intelligence carefully documented attitudes to the Beveridge report, as well as other aspects of reconstruction. Introduced by the editor, and incorporating an extensive glossary, this collection is an exceptional record of popular opinion on the British home front as the tide of war gradually turned from defeat to victory. It is indispensable in understanding both the unity and diversity of wartime Britain, as well as the many-sided experience of living through 'Our People's War'.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B5AIIKYR,2024-10-17,Jeremy A. Crang,Bloomsbury,,2024-06-29T12:12:42Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1913,From Counterinsurgency to Counterterrorism: The Development of Kenya's National Intelligence Enterprise,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003365105-12/counterinsurgency-counterterrorism-tony-manganello?context=ubx&refId=cad45062-555a-4851-83f4-5e324d384a88,"Western security interests have shaped the development of Kenya's national intelligence enterprise, which spans the colonial and post-colonial periods and has been marked by a focus on countering violent movements within its borders—in other words, counterinsurgency and counterterrorism. Kenyan intelligence has been shaped by both colonial and neo-colonial/imperial influences as Western governments have pursued their own security interests in Kenya. Since the 1998 bombing of the US Embassy in Nairobi and the 9/11 attacks, the United States in particular has become an increasingly involved partner in the development of the Kenyan national intelligence and security infrastructure. This chapter discusses Kenya's colonial and post-colonial periods, including the development of its democratic institutions and security apparatus. Combining a review of the relevant secondary literature with original research conducted by the author during fieldwork in Kenya, this chapter offers a unique view into the complex Kenyan security context, with an emphasis on tracing the development of the Kenyan intelligence infrastructure. An examination of Kenya's national intelligence orientation provides an example of how the politics of counterterrorism have impacted the government's response, influenced by both internal and external pressures. The Kenyan national intelligence function has had an interesting journey, tracing a path through colonial and post-colonial Kenya, the Cold War, multi-party politics, and into the present environment focused almost exclusively on counterterrorism. The development of Kenya's national intelligence enterprise provides an important example of Western governments conducting capacity-building efforts within African security infrastructures, one of the leading forces shaping intelligence in Africa.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7J96JJV,2024-08-08,Tony Manganello,Routledge,,2024-06-29T12:06:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",,Contemporary Intelligence in Africa,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1914,Intelligence and Counterterrorism in Ghana,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003365105-6/intelligence-counterterrorism-ghana-patrick-peprah-obuobi?context=ubx&refId=af672f54-5325-400b-9b50-2e13bdc739c8,"The past decade has seen an upsurge in terrorism within the West African sub-region, prompted by instability in the Sahel region, which has become a “terrorist enclave.” The risk of spillover has prompted Ghana to undertake proactive measures, culminating in the development of the National Framework for Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Terrorism (NAFPCVET). The framework sets out a four-tier National Counterterrorism Strategy (3PR) – Prevent, Pre-empt, Protect and Respond. Ghana also developed a National Security Strategy in 2020, demonstrating its efforts to address the threat of terrorism and other threats to its security. The Ghanaian Intelligence Community (GIC) is central to the effective implementation of both the National Security Strategy and the NAFPCVET. This chapter contributes to understanding the dynamic developments in Africa's intelligence and security landscape by examining the GIC and its interface with the country's counterterrorism efforts. Since Ghana has not experienced any active terrorist attacks, an analysis of its intelligence approach provides a useful model to understand the utility of intelligence in counterterrorism. The chapter first looks at the threat of terrorism and how it is framed within Ghana's security threat matrix. It then examines the institutional framework underpinning Ghana's counterterrorism strategy and the entities that comprise the GIC. The chapter situates the role of intelligence agencies within the context of counterterrorism as a basis for understanding how the use of intelligence drives counterterrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WJKS2Z6T,2024-08-08,Patrick Peprah Obuobi,Routledge,,2024-06-29T10:27:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",,Contemporary Intelligence in Africa,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1915,Intelligence Personalisation and Politicisation in African Democracies and Hybrid Systems,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003365105-3/intelligence-personalisation-politicisation-african-democracies-hybrid-systems-tshepo-gwatiwa?context=ubx&refId=e8ac227b-15de-4355-b8ec-661ed056d7f0,"This chapter examines intelligence personalisation and politicisation in Africa. The chapter argues that intelligence personalisation and politicisation primarily rest on four major variables: historical legacies, regime type, intelligence governance styles, and the nature of state institutions charged with accountability. It examines four case studies from Africa: two democracies and two authoritarian (or hybrid) regimes in Africa. The chapter discusses South Africa and Botswana as two democratic case studies, and Uganda and Algeria as authoritarian (or hybrid) regimes. The chapter highlights the role of the liberation of postcolonial politics in the intelligence architecture, function, and governance across the regime types. It also highlights how the foregoing causes personalisation and politicisation, especially if the heads of state have actual or intelligence-adjacent backgrounds. The chapter ends with an examination of the prospects of intelligence reform or improved governance in the continent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2LMKZRU3,2024-08-08,Tshepo Gwatiwa,Routledge,,2024-06-29T10:25:30Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Contemporary Intelligence in Africa,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1916,Towards a Cosmic Theory of African Intelligence: Pathways to a Dialectic Engagement,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003365105-2/towards-cosmic-theory-african-intelligence-tshepo-gwatiwa?context=ubx&refId=c4c7dc64-e297-4e17-ac59-2cf405471660,"This chapter invites a conversation around the prospects of a theory of African intelligence. The chapter does not attempt a theory in itself—an already difficult fit in intelligence studies—but points towards a possible approach to theorising about African intelligence. The chapter starts with the premise that Africa is an ontological oddity in Western international and security studies. Thereafter, it situates African intelligence in problem-solving theories in the social sciences as well as the “single story problem” in Western theorisation. Thereafter, the chapter demonstrates both the potential and limitations of Critical Intelligence Studies. The chapter goes further to explore the theoretical potential of Foucauldian Security Studies while emphasising state-making and nation-building as defining features of the nature and role of intelligence in Africa. The chapter closes with a discussion of African agency as a practical starting point for a cosmic theory of African intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ID6ZDFEL,2024-08-08,Tshepo Gwatiwa,Routledge,,2024-06-29T10:24:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Contemporary Intelligence in Africa,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1917,Morocco's Intelligence Services and the Makhzen Surveillance System,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003365105-4/morocco-intelligence-services-makhzen-surveillance-system-abdelkader-abderrahmane?context=ubx&refId=67aa4e03-82c5-42ee-bf5e-cbcfca406b57,"This chapter analyses the nature and function of intelligence, surveillance and power in Morocco. The chapter primarily argues that intelligence remains the most important component of the Moroccan regime's stability and endurance. It explains how the historical processes of securitisation have preserved the status quo and argues that the Pegasus scandal of 2021 is a symptom of the enduring Makhzen system used to curb internal and external opposition. The chapter argues that the Makhzen has adjusted to the international political and normative context and evolved over time to consolidate the Moroccan regime's domestic and foreign interests. The chapter concludes that Moroccan intelligence services’ domestic and foreign espionage, with the help of Israeli technology, has no limit in its spying strategy, watching even its closest allies and using covert methods to maximise its interests. The chapter uses a qualitative methodology that relies on the analysis of secondary sources such as historical material, a few official documents and credible press reports.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EHVCZ62B,2024-08-08,Abdelkader Abderrahmane,Routledge,,2024-06-29T10:22:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,Contemporary Intelligence in Africa,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1918,Intelligence Operations During the Transition in the Sudan,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003365105-5/intelligence-operations-transition-sudan-majak-ago%C3%B4t?context=ubx&refId=f574c229-b0a3-4b8f-88ce-db485ddf8cb6,"This chapter discusses the mutual subversive activities between intelligence services during the transition in Sudan. It primarily focuses on the nature and role of offensive and defence counterintelligence and covert operations between the National Intelligence and Security Service (Khartoum) and the Sudan People's Liberation Army's military intelligence (Juba). The chapter begins with a contextualisation of the history of the intelligence services since the beginning of state-making and nation-building in Sudan. Thereafter, it examines the various covert tactics and counterintelligence activities used by the different services. The chapter also discusses the role of regional and international intelligence services. The chapter uses a qualitative methodology. It relies on sample interviews, focus group discussions, and the author's own observations and experiential perspectives. The participants comprised a close-knit cohort of former NISS managers from both Sudan and South Sudan who had served in higher positions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YVIDFR8I,2024-08-08,Majak D'Agoôt,Routledge,,2024-06-29T10:26:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Contemporary Intelligence in Africa,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1919,The covert ties that bind: US-Baltic intelligence relations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2024.2372049,"This article seeks to capture a facet of US – Baltic relations that for the most part has played out behind the public curtain. As such, the following chronicles key twists and turns, achievements and failures in American – Baltic intelligence relations. A substantial body of scholarship has already examined cultural, diplomatic, and security ties between these actors. The same cannot be said about intelligence bonds. This article attempts to redress this neglect in the literature. It argues that the Baltics, with their well-honed sense of Russian political affairs, have become valuable sources of intelligence for their key ally across the Atlantic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CY3VVLII,2024-06-24,Andris Banka,Routledge,Journal of Baltic Studies,2024-06-28T10:08:19Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/01629778.2024.2372049,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4400012792,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4400012792,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01629778.2024.2372049?needAccess=true,1.0 1920,"The Face of Soviet Espionage in the United States during the Stalin Era: Vladimir Pravdin, “Man of Truth”",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01211,"Vladimir Pravdin was a senior Soviet intelligence officer in New York and Washington, DC, during World War II. He oversaw some of the most important Soviet agents of the era, including Harry Dexter White, a senior official at the U.S. Treasury Department; Lauchlin Currie, the chief economic adviser to U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt; and Judith Coplon, a U.S. Justice Department employee who provided intelligence on the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Pravdin's cover in the United States was as an editor and then director of U.S. operations for the TASS news agency. In his capacity as a TASS executive, he developed relationships with numerous U.S. journalists, including Walter Lippmann. Pravdin was born in 1905 in London, and his real name was Roland Abbiate. His unusually adventurous life included serving a two-year sentence in the Atlanta penitentiary prior to his recruitment by Soviet intelligence, surveilling Leon Trotsky in Norway and Mexico, participating in the Spanish Civil War, and leading the assassination of Ignace Poretsky. His story illuminates the triumphs of Soviet intelligence in the United States during World War II, the failures of U.S. counterintelligence, and the unraveling of Soviet espionage in North America following the defections of Igor Gouzenko and Elizabeth Bentley. By the time Vladimir Pravdin left New York Harbor on the SS Sergei Kirov in March 1946, sailing with his wife and two children from a tumultuous half decade in the United States to an uncertain future in the USSR, he could look back on a career full of stark contrasts. He had dined at the National Press Club in Washington, DC, with Walter Lippmann, a highly respected U.S. journalist, but had also eaten pork and beans with murderers, thieves, and bootleggers in the grim mess hall of a federal penitentiary. Before becoming head of Soviet foreign intelligence in New York, Pravdin performed other notable tasks for the Soviet espionage service, including the debriefing of Donald Maclean, a senior British diplomat and one of the USSR's most productive spies, and the ambush and murder of a former colleague on a dark road in Switzerland. He had trained Judith Coplon, an idealistic young civil servant in the U.S. Department of Justice, to spy for the USSR but had experienced a huge setback when another agent, Elizabeth Bentley, turned against the Soviet Union. Bentley's defection ended a golden era of Soviet espionage in the United States and led to Pravdin's departure on the Kirov.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6DDKXPFI,2024-06-21,Steven Usdin,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2024-06-27T08:41:22Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1162/jcws_a_01211,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399881160,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-pdf/26/2/78/2386160/jcws_a_01211.pdf, 1921,Crossing the Line: India’s Espionage in Australia and Global Repercussions,Blog post,https://intpolicydigest.org/the-platform/crossing-the-line-india-s-espionage-in-australia-and-global-repercussions/,The discovery of India's espionage activities in Australia has strained diplomatic relations and raised concerns about international security and sovereignty.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JMW7C3RR,2024-06-06,Abdul M. Safi,,,2024-06-27T08:38:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1922,"Covert Radio Agents, 1939–1945: Signals From Behind Enemy Lines",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Covert-Radio-Agents-19391945-Hardback/p/18770,"Clandestine radio operators had one of the most dangerous jobs of World War 2. Those in Nazi-occupied Europe for the SOE, MI6 and the OSS had a life-expectancy of just six weeks. In the Gilbert Islands the Japanese decapitated 17 New Zealand ‘Coastwatchers’. These ‘behind the lines’ highly skilled agents’ main tasks 14were to maintain regular contact with their home base and pass vital intelligence back. As this meticulously researched book reveals, many operators did more than that. Norwegian Odd Starheim hi-jacked a ship and sailed it to the Shetlands. In the Solomon Islands Jack Read and Paul Mason warned the defenders of Guadalcanal about incoming enemy air raids giving American fighters a chance to inflict irreversible damage on the Japanese Air Force. In 1944 Arthur Brown was central to Operation Jedburgh’s success delaying the arrival of the SS Das Reich armoured division at the Normandy beach-heads. The author also explains in layman’s terms the technology of 1940s radios and the ingenious codes used. Most importantly, Covert Radio Agents tells the dramatic human stories of these gallant behind-the-lines radio agents. Who were they? How were they trained? How did they survive against the odds? This is both a highly informative and uplifting work about unsung heroes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IXPGYQZB,2021-02-02,David Hebditch,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-27T08:35:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1923,The Liar: How a Double Agent in the CIA Became the Cold War's Last Honest Man by Benjamin Cunningham,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_01214,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9HHA2IZB,2024-06-21,William T. Murphy,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2024-06-27T08:33:21Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1162/jcws_r_01214,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399881126,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 1924,The Petrov affair: how a real-life Cold War defection became a soothing spy story for anxious Australians,Magazine article,http://theconversation.com/the-petrov-affair-how-a-real-life-cold-war-defection-became-a-soothing-spy-story-for-anxious-australians-226494,Framing the Petrov affair as a thrilling spy drama may have helped Australians manage their anxiety about the threat posed by Soviet espionage.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GFUD3XIG,2024-04-12,Melanie Brand,,The Conversation,2024-06-27T08:32:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1925,"Henry Holdship Ware: a U.S. Military Interpreter, a Soviet Spy, and an Economist",Journal article,https://esnbu.org,"This article looks at the life of Henry Holdship Ware (1908-1999), the grandson of the founder of Atlanta University. Captain Henry H. Ware was an aide and interpreter to Major General John Deane, Chief of the U.S. Military Mission to the Soviet Union during World War 2. In this capacity, he was an interpreter with the U.S. Army assigned to the Tripartite Conference in Moscow (1943) and Conferences at Tehran (1943) and Yalta (1945), and a liaison officer and interpreter during Operation Frantic, a joint American-Soviet campaign of shuttle bombing missions in Poltava, Ukraine, in June–September 1944. He was also present at the official surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany at Karlshorst on May 8, 1945, and interpreted toasts at the banquet of celebration after the ceremony. Henry Ware learnt Russian during his five-year stay as a student at Plekhanov Institute in Moscow, where he studied economics and was recruited by the NKVD to report on the American community in Moscow. Back in the USA, he was independently recruited by the Golos-Bentley Soviet espionage network under the codename ‘Vick”. In 1975, probably inspired by his study of the Soviet economy, he founded the Useful Services Exchange (USE), a community-based organization in Reston, Virginia, enabling neighbors to help each other through the exchange of services. The discussion draws on available visuals, memoirs, newspaper sources, and declassified documents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PLZCR72U,2024-06-22,Boris Naimushin,,English Studies at NBU,2024-06-27T08:31:31Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.33919/esnbu.24.1.9,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399914407,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://esnbu.org/data/files/2024/esnbu.24.1.9.pdf, 1926,Optimising intelligence operations for international law enforcement: harnessing THRIVE for national intelligence model advancement,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2024.2363528,"THRIVE (Threat, Harm, Risk, Investigation, Vulnerability, and Engagement) represents a decision-making framework introduced by the United Kingdom’s (UK) National Police Chiefs’ Council in 2017, with a particular focus on vulnerability. Alongside THRIVE other intelligence-led policing models such as the National Intelligence Model (NIM), have become integral to policing practices. While THRIVE is widely adopted as a primary analysis and decision-making framework in UK police services, its examination remains limited, including its impact on the NIM and its use by intelligence personnel. Interviews with 15 police personnel from operation intelligence units within a specific English service were conducted to ascertain its level of adoption. A series of Freedom of Information (FOI) requests to all 43 UK police services in England and Wales were then initiated, to understand if the THRIVE model is adopted and, if so, where within their respective units. The findings indicate widespread acceptance and integration of THRIVE among intelligence practitioners, without immediate adverse effects on the application of the NIM. The use of heuristic naturalistic decision-making processes in THRIVE assessments, suggests a need for further research. Though, there is a risk of reduced decision-making capacity among frontline intelligence workers using THRIVE within the constraints of the NIM.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DULUUJYH,2024-06-09,"Paige Keningale, Eric Halford, Karen Bullock, Jon Garland",Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2024-06-27T07:59:17Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1080/18335330.2024.2363528,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399505472,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399505472,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/18335330.2024.2363528?needAccess=true,0.0 1927,The Limits and Utility of American Covert Action in the Post-Cold War World: The Long Game,Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/studentTheses/the-limits-and-utility-of-american-covert-action-in-the-post-cold,"This thesis examines how and why did the four post-Cold War American presidents – George H. W. Bush, William Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama – use covert action. It explores the continuity and change in the use of covert action throughout the four administrations, foreign policy and national security-related circumstances and conditions that necessitated the use of covert action, and factors and concepts that influenced these four presidents’ respective decisions to use covert action. The thesis employs a qualitative historical analysis method to analyze key policymakers’ speeches, statements, interviews, and documentary sources, including declassified documents, archival information, memoirs, congressional records, and other first-hand accounts. The analysis focuses on deconstructing how and why certain key events necessitated the use of covert action, rather than merely describing these key events, and explores the fundamental foundational undercurrents that influenced these four presidents’ decisions whether to use covert action.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6XA9QHAQ,2023-06-01,Magda Long,,,2024-06-26T14:24:34Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 1928,"HUMINT, from the sea: a history of US naval human intelligence in Asia Pacific crises, 1931–1965",Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/studentTheses/humint-from-the-sea,"This research examines the historical record of US naval human source intelligence (HUMINT) during crises in the Asia Pacific, asking the questions: What role and impact did naval HUMINT play in East Asia over the course of four distinct crises? How was this institutionally enabled? Specifically, it addresses collection practices, resulting intelligence, institutional changes, and significant shifts in policy. The selection of cases covers periods in which Western naval forces were present in East Asia but not yet embroiled in full-scale war. The role that naval HUMINT played during the Sino-Japanese war of the 1930s, the Chinese Civil War (1945–1949), the Taiwan Crises (1954 and 1958), and Kennedy–Johnson containment policy in Indochina (1961–1964) was significant in its ability to inform decision-makers, but it was not without shortfalls. Ultimately, crisis periods—as opposed to war—enable the development of sources and the collection of HUMINT in ways that wartime cannot, namely for the fact that hostility is less and targets are more accessible. While each of the cases shows the uniqueness of HUMINT in crises, institutional shortcomings (e.g., parochialism), strategic mismanagement, and degrees of access to sources periodically hide its value.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRN4FL2T,2019-10-01,Brian J. Ellison,,,2024-06-26T14:23:19Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 1929,Open sources and OSINT. Terrorism and Counterterrorism in the US and the UK: Have intelligence agencies in the US and the UK been using open sources and OSINT effectively since 9/11? How has OSINT been developed by the US and UK governments since 9/11? Is OSINT a valuable tool in counterterrorism?,Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/studentTheses/open-sources-and-osint-terrorism-and-counterterrorism-in-the-us-a,"The role of open sources and open source intelligence (OSINT) has increased in the intelligence communities of many countries since the 9/11 attacks. This research aims to identify the role of open sources and OSINT in the fight against terrorism in the US and the UK after the 9/11 attacks and demonstrate how OSINT is understood and portrayed on governmental and international levels. Also, the research explores the evolution of open sources and OSINT and its tools and instruments. Additionally, the research focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of OSINT and its status regarding secret methods of gathering information, as well as the contribution of OSINT to all-source intelligence. The research also examines the role of OSINT in the new security environment and its potential contribution to the work of intelligence agencies in counterterrorism. Ultimately, the research explores whether the US and the UK intelligence agencies have sufficiently and effectively have been using open sources and OSINT since the 9/11 attacks and what kind of challenges they face in applying OSINT in practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UGBXUDYL,2019-05-01,Svetlana Demyanova,,,2024-06-26T14:21:43Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Master's Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 1930,"The perennial quest: intelligence integration from London to Washington, 1936 – 2019",Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/studentTheses/the-perennial-quest,"This dissertation explores the roots of organized intelligence integration on the United Kingdom’s Joint Intelligence Committee and the perennial quest of American intelligence reform culminating with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence. The time and space when these organizations rose to prominence merit further analysis and scholarship. Both were born during times of crisis within bureaucracies inadequately synthesizing information or generating assessments on external threats. Anachronistic processes unable to meet expanding requirements resulted in nationwide insecurity. Neither London nor Washington were satisfied with the status-quo and pursued reformation. Visionary leadership overcame institutional barriers to design and construct new management systems for integration of multidisciplinary intelligence emanating from an established architecture of civilian and military organizations. Thus, integration supported an advanced framework for the decision-making process consequentially fortifying statecraft. This historical narrative steeped in British collegiality and American pragmatism yields utilitarian lessons that can strengthen management today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JZHVQFSS,2019-09-01,Michael D. Miner,,,2024-06-26T11:37:02Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 1931,"Spies at the heart of the Cold war: the British Commanders’-In-Chief mission to the soviet forces in germany 1946 – 1990 (""BRIXMIS"")",Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/studentTheses/spies-at-the-heart-of-the-cold-war,"This study examines the value of the British Commanders’-‐In-‐Chief Mission to the Soviet Forces in Germany 1946 – 1990 (""BRIXMIS"") for British Cold War policy-‐making. Academic study of security, defence and intelligence-‐related organisations during the Cold War are by now quite well-‐established in the Anglo-‐American sphere; however, to this day there is no academic analysis of BRIXMIS. This thesis is going to fill that gap. It will look at the entire duration of the mission, from its foundation in 1946 to its closure in 1990, linking it with Whitehall policy-‐making. The study will shed light on British intelligence operations in the immediate aftermath of 1989, where BRIXMIS’ capacities continued to play a crucial role. Ultimately, the point will be made that the mission’s expertise and utility surpassed its existence, because they were being used by policy long after the mission had been terminated. The study will conclude by establishing the value of the mission for Whitehall policy-‐making and intelligence analysis, thus answering the overall question: that the mission was indeed, and rather unexpectedly, a great provider of vital intelligence. It will become clear how the perception of the mission as an intelligence operation on the part of decision-‐makers in London changed over time from scepticism to great appreciation and admiration.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JQ6BYCU9,2020-06-01,Frederic Ischebeck-Baum,,,2024-06-26T11:35:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 1932,"After the Great Game: The Development of a Modern Intelligence Organization on British India's North-West Frontier, 1901-1935",Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/studentTheses/after-the-great-game,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NFDXKTA7,2022-05-01,Travis Weinger,,,2024-06-26T11:34:01Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 1933,Women in UK and US Naval Communications and Intelligence during the Second World War: WRNS and WAVES and the Emergence of Modern Warfare,Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/studentTheses/women-in-uk-and-us-naval-communications-and-intelligence-during-t,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L5K2YZ2M,2022-06-01,Sarah-Louise Miller,,,2024-06-26T09:03:52Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 1934,The problem of intelligence failure: the case of the Yom Kippur war (1973),Thesis,https://research.aber.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/the-problem-of-intelligence-failure,"From the Pearl Harbor intelligence debacle of 1941 to the Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction intelligence fiasco of 2002, intelligence failures have been a widely documented and reoccurring phenomenon. Indeed, from a historical perspective, intelligence failures appear to be inevitable and unavoidable. They are indivisible part of the history of intelligence, and they still seem to haunt the presence. In concurrence with the mainstream academic opinion on the subject, by utilizing qualitative research method, concretely, relying on the Orthodox approach, and by examining various primary and secondary sources, this project argues that the reason why intelligence failures are inevitable are the multifarious, endemic, interrelated factors, barriers or pathologies, which being closely connected to the basic role of intelligence and the nature of information, pose negative effects on the whole intelligence cycle, hinder both the clarity and accuracy of the intelligence analytical process, and erode the warning-response dynamic. It is important to be noted that because these obstacles are indeed numerous, it would be the aim of this project to examine the nature and function of the fundamental, most important, and most damaging factors and barriers in respect to the intelligence, warning-response and decision-making processes. Specifically, it is the thesis of this paper to prove that the unavoidability of intelligence failures is due to the inherent pathologies and limitations of the human cognition, the endemic analytical problem of predictions from epistemological perspective, the mercurial time and space variables, the innate ambiguity of information and its excess nowadays, the danger of the politicization of the intelligence cycle and the sheer impracticability of the solutions, which are assumed to eliminate the aforementioned problems. The project will then move on to implement this theoretical framework in order to provide a consistent explanatory format for the Yom Kippur war intelligence failure of 1973. It appears plausible to assert that the thesis of the project is corroborated by the Yom Kippur war intelligence fiasco, as the failure was not provoked by insufficient information, highly successful Egyptian or Syrian deception, or Israeli intelligence officers and commanders being incompetent or inexperienced. Per contra, the roots of the Israeli Intelligence debacle are strikingly similar to the ones delineated and discussed by the theoretical framework of this project.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E3MZ5EHR,2013,Stanislav N. Nokov,,,2024-06-26T07:55:34Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'DHLN8GE4']",,,Master's Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 1935,The EU's Intelligence System and its Oversight and Democratic Accountability,Thesis,https://research.aber.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/the-eus-intelligence-system-and-its-oversight-and-democratic-acco,"This research aims to answer two questions: firstly, whether the EU itself does or does not possess intelligence capabilities, and secondly, if so, whether they are subject to sufficient parliamentary oversight. To answer the first question, the term 'intelligence' is defined as referring to security-related information, tailored to the specific needs of a decision-maker. Hence, in this work, formal EU bodies engaging in the production of intelligence via the intelligence activities of collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination qualify as 'EU intelligence body'. Thereby, intelligence collection is argued to be performed even if the body does not engage in the collection of secret information using special powers. This definition is used to argue that currently, five EU bodies qualify as intelligence bodies: the CFSP's Satellite Centre, the Military Staff's Intelligence Directorate and the Intelligence Analysis Division, and the AFSJ's Europol and Frontex. As they increasingly form a unit, it is concluded that the EU indeed possesses an emerging intelligence system. On this basis, the parliamentary oversight of the EU intelligence bodies is assessed. Based on the definition of intelligence oversight and democratic accountability elaborated in this work, the European Parliament's and the Member States' parliaments' capabilities to effectively oversee the EU intelligence bodies are examined. Particular attention is paid to the parliaments' resources and access to classified information, their influence on the intelligence bodies' mandates and budgets, and their oversight of the bodies' activities. Thereby, several flaws are identified that hamper the parliaments' oversight. In particular, the CFSP intelligence bodies are found to be de facto accountable neither to national parliaments, nor the European Parliament. Thus, the EU currently does not live up to its own democratic values with regard to democratic accountability. Hence, it is concluded that the parliamentary oversight of the EU intelligence system needs to be improved",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/67HQ5ZNT,2013,Juliane S. Ulbricht,,,2024-06-26T07:57:03Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Master's Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 1936,"Challenging Accountability: US Intelligence, the Private Sector, and the Global War on Terrorism",Thesis,https://research.aber.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/challenging-accountability,"This thesis contributes to the existing scholarship on intelligence studies and examines the reasons, the means and the consequences of the privatisation of intelligence in the United States between 2001 and 2009. In the years after the /11 terrorist attacks, the extension of public-private intelligence ‘partnerships’ has raised important questions about the nature and parameters of the modern national security state and the boundaries of legitimacy as defined within the democratic model. A major focus of this project is the relationship between the US intelligence community’s reliance on the private sector and intelligence accountability. A considered analysis of this issue casts new light on the strengths and weaknesses of the US system of intelligence accountability. This research suggests that, in the period under consideration, the relationship between the privatisation of intelligence and intelligence accountability was characterised by interdependence and imperfection but not necessarily in a completely negative way. Privatisation complicated accountability holders’ access to information from intelligence providers whilst emphasising the need for better regulation,control and oversight of private intelligence activities. Senior accountability holders (within the executive and legislative branches) nevertheless always retained the authority to devise better means to access private sector information, improve accountability standards, and sanction or support private intelligence ‘partners’. However, this did not mean that the executive and the legislature used their authority to achieve optimum solutions. Indeed, the lack of policy planning behind privatisation adversely affected the accountability process in the US. The resultant gaps in accountability can be traced to key accountability holders’ priorities in the years 2001-9. This, it is argued here, demonstrates a lack of political willingness within the US body politic to hold both public and private intelligence providers to account",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GDFQ48LR,2013,Damien Van Puyvelde,,,2024-06-25T23:21:59Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'R2V36RN8']",,,PhD Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 1937,"Diplomats, Officers and the Gentlemanly Form of Spying:: The Re-organisation of Economic Intelligence at the end of World War II",Thesis,https://research.aber.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/diplomats-officers-and-the-gentlemanly-form-of-spying,"This paper retraces and analyses the development of British economic intelligence at the end of World War II. It will be argued that the re-organisation of the economic intelligence apparatus taking place in 1944 and 1945 has to be seen in the context of the “Cold War in Whitehall”, the debate between the Foreign Office and the Chiefs of Staff concerning the post-war international order and the future role and behaviour of the Soviet Union. The paper argues that the diplomats were able to gain control of the economic intelligence apparatus and used it to support them in the assumptions debate.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J49BDLNB,2008,Michael Seibold,,,2024-06-25T23:20:49Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 1938,"Anglo-American Intelligence Co-operation in the Middle East, 1951-1957",Thesis,https://research.aber.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/anglo-american-intelligence-co-operation-in-the-middle-east-1951-,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6GPDVRCP,2008,Daniela Otto,,,2024-06-25T23:16:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 1939,"The CIA’s extraordinary rendition and secret detention programme, European reactions and the challenges for future international intelligence co-operation",Report,http://hdl.handle.net/2160/10163,"In the 'war on terrorism' waged by the United States the activities of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have been in the spotlight of discussions for several years. Such activities include extra-legal renditions of terrorist suspects and their subsequent detention in secret prisons. There are serious allegations that the CIA has used means of torture to interrogate suspects. The humiliating pictures from the prisons at Guantánamo Bay and Abu Ghraib are particularly startling illustrations of the extreme measures taken against some prisoners. The global reach of the CIA's activities also involves European state authorities and other actors. Forms of involvement range from an operational involvement to tolerating, or ignoring, the use of European territory for the purpose of renditions. Some of the detainees used to be European residents before they were transferred to one of those prisons, but the respective European state governments have been hesitant to accept their return. In this paper is argued that there is a tendency for European states to bury their heads in the sand. The potential involvement of European governments in the respective counter-terrorism activities by the US government and, in particular, by the CIA, has not been discussed extensively and both parliamentary and judicial investigations have barely taken place so far. The CIA's activities give rise to the question of what, if any, lessons can be learnt and how, if at all, such incidents might be avoided in the future. This is so far under-researched and the final section of this paper will therefore focus on one aspect only: that the practice of so-called 'extraordinary renditions' and secret detention illustrate serious problems with regard to the accountability and oversight of activities of intelligence services in general, and of foreign intelligence agencies in particular. Assuming that an extreme case sharpens our analytical understanding, what can be learnt from this case in this context?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/99ZFQCZX,2009-03-30,Claudia Hillebrand,,,2024-06-25T23:14:07Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1940,"Successful intelligence: propinquity, fraternity, and the president-DCI relationship - University of Georgia",Thesis,https://esploro.libs.uga.edu/esploro/outputs/9949333269102959,"Intelligence support is crucial to the development of good foreign policy. Considerable research within the field of intelligence studies focuses on intelligence processes, but this dissertation focuses on the interaction between the president and his chief intelligence advisor. The overlap of the presidents decision cycle and the intelligence cycle is the point where the relationship between these two individuals can have a significant effect upon the level of intelligence success they can experience. I hypothesize that the likelihood of intelligence success is improved when the president and chief of intelligence have a positive relationship, meet frequently, and the intelligence chief does not engage in the active advocacy of policy options. These hypotheses are tested in four case studies that review the interaction between a president and his chief of intelligence. I conclude that the relationship between these two individuals can explain the degree of intelligence success achieved by the pairing.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JCYETKKX,2011-03-01,James B. Borders,,,2024-06-25T23:04:50Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Georgia,,,,,,,,, 1941,EP.2: A Spy Of No Country,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-464592701-417436313/ep2-a-spy-of-no-country,"What is a life of a spy like? Not the James Bond kind, but of a real-life spy? In episode 2 of the Secret Struggle for Cold War Dominance podcast we unveil the secret lives of one man, whose identity",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RU63N24P,2020,James Brennan,,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1942,Preble Hall: Pearl Harbor,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/pearl-harbor/id1485514337?i=1000501559628,"What led to the attack on Pearl Harbor? What were the intelligence failures. West Point Professor and Navy Reserve Commander, Dr. David Gioe discusses.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/48CUBG7Z,2020-12-07,David Gioe,,,2021-02-18T11:24:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1943,Every citizen a sensor? Democratizing intelligence,Podcast,https://warroom.armywarcollege.edu/podcasts/democratizing-intel/,"The war in Ukraine has been a fascinating study of the democratization of intelligence. That's a phrase coined by David Gioe in a recent article he wrote with Ken Stolworthy. David and Ken join host Gen Lester in the studio to discuss what has changed in the intelligence realm that makes information so readily available and effective for the Ukrainian forces. David notes that the gap between what the professional intelligence community knows and what the average citizen armed with an Internet connection can know has dramatically narrowed as the conflict drags on. The commercialization of intelligence has been growing for years, but now the enormous amount of open source information, collated and analyzed by both amateurs and professionals alike has led to operationalization by the military in ways never seen before.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SEPWVIM2,2022-12-06,"David V. Gioe, Kenneth Stolworthy, Genevieve Lester",,,2022-12-06T22:26:12Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1944,True spies: studying and understanding modern espionage,Podcast,https://warroom.armywarcollege.edu/podcasts/true-spies/,"Admit it. In your most self-aggrandizing dreams you're as charming as Sydney Bristow, as lethal as Jason Bourne, and as intuitive and intellectual as Jack Ryan. If Austin Powers was anywhere in that mix you might want to keep that to yourself. But you know that real life spies don't really live like that. Right - you know that? A BETTER PEACE welcomes author, analyst and educator Amy Zegart to the virtual studio to set the record straight on the realities of the intelligence world in the digital age and talk about her new book Spies, Lies and Algorithms. She joins our own Gen Lester to discuss what real intelligence work looks like, what the role of AI is in the future of information collection and analysis and what intelligence priorities should look like going forward.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HTBJ6EB7,2022-02-08,Amy B. Zegart,,,2022-12-07T10:08:44Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1945,Ep. 11: Vicious struggle between profit and influence,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/1CdTVTnYq9v1AKGIvbJxVg,"Listen to this episode from The Secret Struggle for Cold War Dominance on Spotify. During the Cold war, soldiers from emerging, newly independent, or struggling countries were often sent for military trainings in Europe. A popular destination for such trainings during the 1950’s and 1960’s was the former Czechoslovakia. In Episode 11 we take a rare look at these training facilities and unveil how they operated, what problems they faced, why signs had to be taken off doors and why, at times, military barracks resembled university dorms on steroids. Dr. Natalia Telepneva of the University of Strathclyde and Dr. Daniela Richterova of Brunel University also explain what the formerly secret files revealed about Czechoslovakia’s dilemma between profit and influence. This podcast is produced independently by: Katarina Urban Richterova Have comments or feedback for us? Contact us at: coldwardominance@gmail.com FB: bit.ly/facebook_secretstrugglepodcast Twitter: @CWdominance",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UY28A8UH,2020-12-01,"Natalia Telepneva, Daniela Richterova",,,2020-12-23T13:13:49Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1946,"INTELLIGENCE SERVICES, OPERATIONS AND INTERESTS (the example of Serbia)",Journal article,https://economicsandlaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/no10.pdf,"On the subject of “intelligence services…”, quite a few authors begin theirscientific works with quotes about the ancient existence of these services and cite the legendof “Moses and his instructions to his emissaries to go to the land of Canaan and investigatethe way of life there.” Some authors state that the intelligence “services” date even earlierand provide information about “a spy named Banum from the state of Mavi on the EuphratesRiver”. As part of the security system, the security community, all countries, eventhe smallest or less stable ones, have their own intelligence service. Lege artis, every statecreates an intelligence community, which consists of several related services (in recent timesof the agency type), whose goal is to ensure the security postulates needed by the state inpreserving its statehood and taking positions in the current conduct of state policy (internaland external). In the available literature, with the aim of processing the topic, approach andthinking about the definition of the intelligence service, there is an explanation from beforethat it is an “organization of a class character”, that it uses a specific methodology in its work,has its own principles of work, and was formed as an organization which is authorized to,among other things, protect the security of the state whose system it is a part of. In principle,all intelligence services work according to two basic principles: territorial and linear, whichare then further divided into constituent parts (organizational units). From the creation ofthe state as a community until today, the “services” have continuously evolved in all matters(capacity of employees, directions of action, work methods, etc.). From a historical point ofview, in addition to important state tasks based on the Law and by-laws of the given state,certain deviations, omissions, and deliberate violations of business discipline were also recorded,which negatively affected the rating of the entire intelligence community, includingthe state in whose system it functioned. Open interferences in the internal politics of other,usually small states, have also been recorded. Today, all over the planet, according to the available information and sometimes really justifiably, with a cursory insight into the actualsituation, we witness the existence of modern intelligence agencies with enviable businessresults, and with the aim of comprehensively informing users apostrophized by the Law andby-laws in the given country.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4VWHAPB4,2024-03-21,Jovo Vučković,,International Journal of Economics and Law,2024-04-29T07:27:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1947,The Role of Open-Source Intelligence in the War in Ukraine,Blog post,https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/05/17/the-role-of-open-source-intelligence-in-the-war-in-ukraine/,"During the Ukraine conflict, OSINT has had a considerable impact on military intelligence, information warfare, media reporting,",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9THHDABM,2023-05-17T04:00:37+00:00,Alexander E. Gale,,,2024-06-25T22:15:27Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1948,Open-source intelligence is piercing the fog of war in Ukraine,Magazine article,https://www.economist.com/interactive/international/2023/01/13/open-source-intelligence-is-piercing-the-fog-of-war-in-ukraine,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FH3ZZYP7,2023-01-13,The Economist,,The Economist,2023-01-14T13:33:16Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1949,Ep.3.: The Best Kept Secret,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-464592701-417436313/ep3-the-best-kept-secret,"One of the most powerful weapons of the Cold War was not made to shoot or explode behind enemy lines. It was quiet, hidden away from the public, yet capable of destroying whole communities. In Episode",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8UM64YIU,2020,"Sarah Mainwaring, Richard J. Aldrich",,,2020-07-16T13:31:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1950,How Technology Is Disrupting the Intelligence World,Podcast,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/podcasts/how-technology-disrupting-intelligence-world,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VAVWEMQU,2023-02-09,Amy B. Zegart,,,2023-02-22T22:58:39Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1951,Interpreting the First Few Days of the Russo-Ukrainian War,Podcast,https://warontherocks.com/2022/02/interpreting-the-first-few-days-of-the-russo-ukrainian-war/,Editor's note: Don't miss our comprehensive guide to Russia's war against Ukraine. People all over the world are watching Russia's assault on Ukraine,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TEBQVW2J,2022-02-28,"Michael Kofman, Ryan Evans",,,2022-03-02T11:48:32Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1952,"Turning Point? Iran, the US, and the Middle East - YouTube",Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0GjsT7rE84,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H97XS2MP,2021-05-17,"Kristen Fontenrose, Norman Roule, Dennis Ross",,,2022-03-07T08:44:13Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1953,"U.S. Intelligence Agencies Unprepared for Next Global Health Crisis, House Panel Says",Newspaper article,https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-intelligence-agencies-unprepared-for-next-global-health-crisis-house-panel-says-11671121416,A House Intelligence Committee report said changes are still needed to provide better warnings for next pandemic.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X7KJYI5M,2022-12-15,"Warren P. Strobel, Michael R. Gordon",,WSJ,2022-12-19T15:41:11Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1954,Social Media and the War in Ukraine: The Walter Report,Podcast,https://mwi.usma.edu/social-media-and-the-war-in-ukraine-the-walter-report/,"Social media has played a sizeable role during the war in Ukraine. Not only are various platforms being used for information campaigns by both sides, social media tools like Twitter are the way many people around the world are watching the war unfold. Almost immediately after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Walter Lekh, a Ukrainian doctor […]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3NW8FE53,2022-04-29,John Spencer,,,2022-04-29T09:35:10Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1955,TICOM: the Hunt for Hitler’s Codebreakers,Book,,"This book tells the story of the Anglo-American search for Germany's Signal Intelligence agencies at the end of World War II, a subject so sensitive that it was kept Top Secret by the NSA for over 70 years. For the first time the complete story is told, along with description of the codes, ciphers, machines and personnel of the Nazi effort in this most secret realm.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TFQ7UB8K,2016,Randy Rezabek,,,2024-02-25T12:40:27Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1956,Ep.1: Chasing demons and filling gaps,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-464592701-417436313/ep1-chasing-demons-and-filling-gaps,"How do you get access to historical, top secret documents? Intelligence scholars and historians ask this question a lot. How do they conduct their research and acquire declassified, secret files? What",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UCKAIIRI,2020,Daniela Richterova,,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1957,Need to Know: World War II and the Rise of American Intelligence,Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/need-to-know-nicholas-reynolds,"A New Yorker ""Best Books of 2022"" selection “Need to Know is the most thorough and detailed history available on the origins of U.S. intelligence.” —Michael Morell, former Deputy Director and Acting Director, CIA Historian and former CIA officer Nicholas Reynolds, the",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AHY44MRC,2023-09-26,Nicholas Reynolds,Harper Collins Publishers,,2023-02-08T22:55:10Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1958,The Secret Lives of MI6's Women Spies,Podcast,https://shows.acast.com/ft-everything-else/episodes/the-secret-lives-of-mi6s-women-spies,Listen to FT Weekend on Spotify.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NI4DDZUH,2023-01-06,Lilah Raptopoulos,,,2023-01-11T16:11:27Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1959,The Suez Crisis: A brief Comint history (U),Manuscript,https://www.archives.gov/files/declassification/iscap/pdf/2013-117-doc01.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4GZWDNGQ,1988, National Security Agency,,,2021-05-10T07:51:27Z,"['6XBG92FJ', '9H865NIL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1960,Policy success vs. intelligence failures,Podcast,https://warroom.armywarcollege.edu/special-series/intelligence/the-role-of-intelligence-today-intelligence-series-2/,"""Policy Success vs. Intel Failure?"" is the second episode in the WAR ROOM series on Intelligence. Special guest Dr. Rose McDermott of Brown University discusses the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that intelligence professionals need (or must avoid), along with a political culture where success is often miscredited to policy while intelligence is blame for any perceived failure. U.S. Army War College resident student Mr. Paul Mekkelson moderates, and the Intelligence series editor Genevieve Lester provides the introduction.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JD6TLKQ4,2018-06-01,Rose McDermott,,,2022-12-07T10:11:42Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1961,"Next generation intelligence collection strategies and methods with Dr. Catherine Marsh, Director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (1/11/23) on Apple Podcasts",Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/next-generation-intelligence-collection-strategies/id1593462585?i=1000593793227,"Show National Security This Week, Ep Next generation intelligence collection strategies and methods with Dr. Catherine Marsh, Director of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (1/11/23) - Jan 11, 2023",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MIAI6WRV,2023-01-11,Catherine Marsh,,,2023-01-25T19:03:34Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'LXMU5UXP', 'T92JK7A5', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1962,"Irregular Warfare Episode 3: Intelligence Sharing in Ukraine - Perspective, History and Analysis",Podcast,https://jasoninstitute.com/irregular-warfare-episode-3-intelligence-sharing-in-ukraine-perspective-history-and-analysis/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZYZ6WGZT,2022-12-07,Thomas Maguire,,,2022-12-14T09:06:28Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1963,The Lawfare Podcast: Counterintelligence Today with Mirriam-Grace MacIntyre and Alan Kohler,Podcast,https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/lawfare-podcast-counterintelligence-today-mirriam-grace-macintyre-and-alan-kohler,"This week, Lawfare Publisher David Priess wore his hat as a Senior Fellow at George Mason University's Michael V. Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy, and International Security to host a rare live conversation on counterintelligence with leading practitioners. His guests were Mirriam-Grace MacIntyre, Executive Director of the National Counterintelligence and Security Center (NCSC), and Alan Kohler, Assistant Director of the Counterintelligence Division at the FBI. They discussed the organization known as the NCSC, the role it plays across the U.S.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B8A46L6W,2023-03-03,"Mirriam-Grace MacIntyre, Alan Kohler",,,2023-03-03T17:24:57Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1964,"Origins and Impact of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Provisions That Expired on March 15, 2020",Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R40138,"Congress enacted two amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) in 2001 as part of the USA PATRIOT Act. Section 206 of the USA PATRIOT Act amended FISA to permit multipoint, or “roving,” wiretaps by adding flexibility to the degree of specificity with which the location or facility subject to electronic surveillance under FISA must be identified. Section 215 enlarged the scope of materials that could be sought under FISA to include “any tangible thing.” It also lowered the standard required for a court to compel their production. Congress enacted a third FISA amendment in 2004, as part of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA). Section 6001(a) of the IRTPA changed the rules regarding the types of individuals who may be targets of FISA authorized searches. Also known as the “lone wolf” provision, it permits surveillance of non-U.S. persons engaged in international terrorism without requiring evidence linking those people to an identifiable foreign power or terrorist organization. In summer 2013, media began reporting on several foreign intelligence activities conducted by the National Security Agency (NSA), including the bulk collection of telephone metadata under Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act. After a one-day lapse in the expiring authorities, Congress enacted the USA FREEDOM Act, which placed new limitations on the scope of the government’s foreign intelligence activities, while simultaneously extending the expired provisions through March 15, 2020. Although these provisions expired on March 15, 2020, grandfather clauses permit them to remain effective with respect to investigations that began, or potential offenses that took place, before the sunset date.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RXJ2ILXK,2021-03-31,Edward C. Liu,,,2024-01-11T15:50:11Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1965,Biden asks intelligence community to redouble efforts to determine definitive origin of the coronavirus,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-covid-china-virus-origins/2021/05/26/4f574a24-be44-11eb-9c90-731aff7d9a0d_story.html,The president also pressed China to cooperate amid questions of whether the virus originated in a lab in Wuhan.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HTQ4CP5F,2021-05-26,"Annie Linskey, Yasmeen Abutaleb, John Wagner",,Washington Post,2021-05-26T21:58:56Z,['N8VR3BYE'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1966,"“Making Sense of China, Taiwan, & America” – Pacific Intelligence with Bonny Lin",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/616/notes,Bonny Lin joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the current state of China and intelligence. Bonny is the Director of the ChinaPower Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RSFCSAPN,2023-12-19,Bonny Lin,,,2024-03-03T17:43:12Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1967,Spy Stories: Inside the Secret World of the RAW and the ISI,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S3YKMTAP,2021-08-17,"Adrian Levy, Cathy Scott-Clark",,,2024-02-02T09:03:30Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1968,Israeli Military Intelligence,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/579/notes,Yossi Kuperwasser joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the Israeli intelligence community. Yossi is the former head of the Research Division of IDF Military Intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CDZ4X6RR,2023-03-21,Yossi Kuperwasser,,,2023-03-23T13:12:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1969,“The Counterintelligence Chief” – with FBI Assistant Director Alan Kohler,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/574/notes,Alan Kohler joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the FBI’s counterintelligence division. He is a recipient of the FBI Director’s Award for Outstanding Counterintelligence Investigation.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GDA7XW3T,2023-02-14,Andrew Hammond,,,2023-02-15T00:40:46Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1970,"“St. Ermin’s Hotel, London” – The History of a Legendary Spy Site, with Stephen Duffy",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/586/notes,"Stephen Duffy joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the spy stories of St. Ermin’s Hotel in London. It includes links to SOE, MI6, Ian Fleming, and the Cambridge 5.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WUJAWMTQ,2023-05-09,Erin Dietrick,,,2023-05-13T08:29:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1971,History Extra podcast,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/show/67EPVbpyjlDxGWsrfzdYu5,"Listen to History Extra podcast on Spotify. The History Extra podcast brings you gripping stories from the past and fascinating historical conversations with the world's leading historical experts. Produced by the team behind BBC History Magazine, History Extra is a free history podcast, with episodes released six times a week. Subscribe now for the real stories behind your favourite films, TV shows and period dramas, as well as compelling insights into lesser-known aspects of the past. We delve into global history stories spanning the ancient world right up to the modern day. You’ll hear deep dives into the lives of famous historical figures like Cleopatra, Anne Boleyn and Winston Churchill, and explorations of intriguing events from the past, such as the Salem witch trials, the battle of Waterloo and D-Day. Expect fresh takes on history, helping you get to grips with the latest research, as we explore everything from ancient Roman archaeology and Viking mythology to Renaissance royals and Tudor kings and queens. Our episodes touch on a wide range of historical eras – from the Normans and Saxons to the Stuarts, Victorians and the Regency period. We cover the most popular historical subjects, from the medieval world to the Second World War, but you’ll also hear conversations on lesser-known parts of our past, including black history and women’s history. Looking at the history behind today’s headlines, we consider the forces that have shaped today’s world, from the imposing empires that dominated continents, to the revolutions that brought them crashing down. We also examine the impact of conflict across the centuries, from the crusades of the Middle Ages and the battles of the ancient Egyptians to World War One, World War Two and the Cold War. Plus, we uncover the real history behind myths, legends and conspiracy theories, from the medieval murder mystery of the Princes in the Tower, to the assassination of JFK. Featuring interviews with notable historians including Mary Beard, Tracy Borman, James Holland and Dan Jones, we cover a range of social, political and military history, with the aim to start conversations about some of the most fascinating areas of the past. Unlock full access to HistoryExtra.com for 6 months for just 99p https://www.historyextra.com/join/",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BLVV9Z4F,2024-06-23,"Elinor Evans, Nadine Akkerman, Pete Langman",,,2024-06-25T21:02:13Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1972,"National Security This Week: Russia's intelligence miscalculations and failures regarding the invasion of Ukraine with Dr. David Gioe, Dr. Huw Dylan, and Elena Grossfeld (1/25/23) on Apple Podcasts",Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/russias-intelligence-miscalculations-and-failures/id1593462585?i=1000596582558,"Dr. David Gioe, Dr. Huw Dylan, and Elena Grossfeld (authors of ""The Autocrat's Intelligence Paradox"" join host Jon Olson to discuss Russian intelligence - and really Vladimir Putin's - failures in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as the future of the conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J7VYN9R2,2023-01-25,"David V. Gioe, Huw Dylan, Elena Grossfeld",,,2023-01-25T17:12:21Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1973,British spies in WW2: everything you wanted to know,Podcast,https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/everything-you-wanted-to-know-ww2-british-spies-podcast-helen-fry/,"From ingenious gadgets to audacious plots, historian Helen Fry answers listener questions on British espionage in the Second World War",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RLZ2MMX6,2022-12-11,Helen Fry,,,2022-12-13T17:20:46Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1974,The 'secretaries' of MI6,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/the-secretaries-of-mi6/,"While the activities of many agents in the First and Second World Wars have been known, the stories and legacies of the 'secretaries' of MI6 are only just beginning to be revealed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XDD24XBU,2023-09-22,Helen Fry,,,2023-09-26T17:14:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1975,Opinion | Colleges must be intelligent about intelligence studies,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2016/12/30/colleges-must-be-intelligent-about-intelligence-studies/,A former CIA intelligence officer offers a view on his field's place in academia.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XWE2UXNI,2016-12-30,Nicholas Dujmovic,,Washington Post,2021-03-28T12:44:07Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1976,"Opinion | Can colleges teach intelligence? Three security studies professors argue they can, and should.",Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/01/09/can-colleges-teach-intelligence-three-professors-argue-they-can-and-should/,Three professors write that colleges can teach students the skills they need to become national security intelligence analysts or to launch themselves in careers in the private sector.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L55QMJ4S,2017-01-09,"Stephen Coulthart, Damien Van Puyvelde, Michael Landon-Murray",,Washington Post,2021-03-28T12:45:02Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1977,Inside Mossad,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/inside-mossad/,"Israel's foreign intelligence service has played a crucial role at key moments in the country's history. In the coming months, it may target Hamas operatives both in Gaza and further afield.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9YH2LSNY,2023-11-27,Ahron Bregman,,,2023-11-27T22:11:31Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1978,"China tried to influence last two federal elections, says report released by CSIS",Newspaper article,https://globalnews.ca/news/10264872/canada-china-foreign-interference-elections-csis-report/,Briefing report obtained by Global News says China 'sought to clandestinely and deceptively influence the 2019 and 2021 federal elections',https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7DALD4CC,2024-01-31,Stewart Bell,,Global News,2024-02-01T15:59:15Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1979,Margaret Thatcher and the Joint Intelligence Committee - History of government,Blog post,https://history.blog.gov.uk/2012/10/01/margaret-thatcher-and-the-joint-intelligence-committee/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JBG2XB66,2012-10-01,"Ian B. Beesley, Michael S. Goodman",,,2021-09-28T20:23:49Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1980,The Incomplete Picture of the War in Ukraine,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/4ps9KHNb44nyI2qj0zgA6D,"Listen to this episode from The Daily on Spotify. In the nearly four months since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the United States has been giving officials in Kyiv a steady stream of intelligence to aid them in the fight.But what is becoming clear is that the Ukrainians are not returning the favor.Guest: Julian E. Barnes, a national security reporter for The New York Times covering the intelligence agencies.Want more from The Daily? For one big idea on the news each week from our team, subscribe to our newsletter. Background reading: American intelligence agencies know far more about Russia’s military than about Ukraine’s war strategy, officials say.The outcome of battles for key cities in eastern Ukraine could prompt the country’s Western allies to start rethinking their goals.For more information on today’s episode, visit nytimes.com/thedaily. Transcripts of each episode will be made available by the next workday.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AUAPEVRP,2022-06-01,Julian E. Barnes,,,2022-06-15T13:35:06Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1981,Putin infuriated by Russian intelligence failures in Ukraine war,Newspaper article,https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/putin-infuriated-by-russian-intelligence-failures-in-ukraine-war-mmbmvhf2b,"The FSB is being blamed in part for Russia’s stuttering invasion of Ukraine, according to security experts, who say the agency “‘told Putin what he wanted to hear”.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S6GKX8CI,2022-03-09,Tom Ball,,,2022-03-10T09:23:21Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1982,Report: Intelligence agencies didn’t move fast enough to collect Covid data,Blog post,https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/15/report-intelligence-agencies-didnt-move-fast-enough-to-collect-covid-data-00074146,"The report by Democrats on the House Intelligence Community says the CIA and other spy agencies ""took too long to pivot.""",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZDBC4PKE,2022-12-15,Erin Banco,,,2022-12-16T12:51:31Z,['N8VR3BYE'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1983,Warning intelligence and high consequence environments: a comparative assessment to integrate human factors to support warning analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2024.2367500,"In high-consequence environments, a common source of threat occurs because of the actions of a single individual or small group. Whether purposeful or unintentional, the impact of a few persons can disproportionately have global consequences. To mitigate these sub-state and individual-level threats, decision-makers must be provided with timely and tailored intelligence integrating behavioural characteristics into threat assessments to better categorise the threat’s nature. Using a comparative approach, this paper assesses the utility of behavioural assessment and screening as a critical component of warning intelligence to safeguard against threats at this level. Though originally used to assess the behaviour of states, warning intelligence offers insight into the continuous monitoring of human factor threats in high-consequence environments, including individual assessments and evaluations of dangerous workplace practices.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ISDN78VN,2024-06-17,"Nicole K. Drumhiller, Jim Burch, Casey Skvorc",Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2024-06-25T19:14:37Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/18335330.2024.2367500,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399750706,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 1984,‘We Can't Spy … If We Can't Buy!’: The Privatization of Intelligence and the Limits of Outsourcing ‘Inherently Governmental Functions’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chn055,"Though it lags behind the privatization of military services, the privatization of intelligence has expanded dramatically with the growth in intelligence activities following the 11 September 2001 attacks on the United States. The recent confirmation by the Director of the CIA that contractors have probably participated in waterboarding of detainees at CIA interrogation facilities has sparked a renewed debate over what activities it is appropriate to delegate to contractors, and what activities should remain ‘inherently governmental’. The article surveys outsourcing in electronic surveillance, rendition, and interrogation, as well as the growing reliance on private actors for analysis. It then turns to three challenges to accountability: the necessary secrecy that limits oversight; the different incentives that exist for private rather than public employees; and the uncertainty as to what functions should be regarded as ‘inherently governmental’ and thus inappropriate for delegation to private actors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2DAI9H2,2008-11-01,Simon Chesterman,,European Journal of International Law,2020-07-20T07:30:31Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1093/ejil/chn055,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2096291625,49.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2096291625,2012.0,2026.0,2008.0,https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article-pdf/19/5/1055/1359990/chn055.pdf,4.0 1985,Towards a Framework for Analysing Complex Interdependence in Digital Espionage Markets,Journal article,https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/eccws/article/view/2231,"Cyber power indices have dominated discourse in recent years as measuring the relative power of nation-states in cyberspace to exercise their cyber capabilities for offensive and defensive purposes. These indices adapt a variety of methodologies, but their effectiveness in mobilising cyber power remains limited. Indices based on dynamic systems frameworks explain power consolidation arising from network-effects, but are too broad to implement due to complexity. In this article, we analyse cyber power through access to digital espionage capabilities, using the theory that states weaponise complex interdependence of information flows. Instead of proposing an index, we set up a case study contrasting the Chinese system, where the state mediates technology vulnerabilities, with the Five Eyes system, where vulnerability disclosures are a common occurrence. The Chinese system exhibits a “chokepoint” effect, in contrast to the Five Eyes’ “panopticon” mediation of information flows. Extant cyber espionage analyses range over themes such as economic vis-a-vis open and closed vulnerability markets; legal, in relation to the circulation of tools like spyware; or strategic and case-based. Given this confluence, we posit a framework of information flows between ecosystems of actors. Exploit vendors, state-backed offensive operators, nation-states, and tech platforms are networked through interdependent information flows, consolidating power in private actors. The political economy of a nation-state provides useful heuristics in articulating strategic aims behind its espionage activities, as well as its approach in controlling the flow of knowledge of vulnerabilities between the private actors of which the state may be a customer. In highlighting this tension between nation-states’ political economies defining their roles as both mediator and customer, we offer security scholars nuanced considerations in theorising cyber power. We conclude that while this tension amplifies private power, policymakers must intervene to reshape interdependent networks that influence and counter it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NDD7QCWH,2024-06-21,Ahana Datta,,European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security,2024-06-25T19:12:24Z,['8XXD789V'],10.34190/eccws.23.1.2231,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399920757,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/eccws/article/download/2231/2148, 1986,The trouble with TESSOC: the coming crisis in British and allied military counterintelligence doctrine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2024.2303084,"This article examines the evolution of UK military doctrine on counterintelligence (CI), one of the more consistently troubled aspects of military doctrine in general and intelligence doctrine in particular. We argue that current UK and NATO CI doctrine are in thrall to a deeply problematic defining concept in TESSOC (Terrorism, Espionage, Sabotage, Subversion and Organised Crime) that conflates an intractably diverse assortment of security threats under CI. Furthermore, TESSOC is the latest embodiment of a slow, century-long oscillation between two different basic concepts of CI. The first focuses purely on human threat vectors (referred to here as Human Threat CI or HTCI) while the latter entails a more comprehensive, all-source range of adversary technical and open as well as human source intelligence activities (designated Multidisciplinary CI or MDCI in US doctrine). That oscillation is driven largely by the balance between conventional and asymmetrical operations in defence priorities and recent campaign experience. TESSOC is a legacy of the recent, pre-Russo-Ukraine War emphasis on counterterrorism (CT) and counterinsurgency (COIN) operations. Consequently, UK and allied military counterintelligence doctrine are entering the second quarter of the 21st Century fundamentally ill-equipped to cope with strategic peers and their use of full-spectrum and hybrid strategies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QUA3S7JV,2024-04-02,"Philip H.J. Davies, Toby J. Steward",Routledge,Defence Studies,2024-06-25T19:11:09Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/14702436.2024.2303084,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396846861,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4396846861,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14702436.2024.2303084?needAccess=true,0.0 1987,"Emissions, the Strategic Omission: Climate Security and Australia’s National Intelligence Community",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2358802,"The Australian Government has identified climate change as being a threat to national security. With the emerging prospect that a climate security policy will be established, the question arises as to how the extraordinary powers of Australia’s security agencies could be effectively, but proportionately, utilized. Currently, discourse remains restricted to the tactical capacity of the Department of Defence or intelligence agencies’ assessment functions. Conversely, this article outlines strategic opportunities for Australia’s National Intelligence Community to enhance substantially the Commonwealth’s climate security response. Specifically, the Australian Geospatial-Intelligence Organisation (AGO), the Australian Federal Police (AFP), and the Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission (ACIC) are found well placed to support the monitoring of breaches to specific components of Australia’s federal climate change legislation. Hence, it is recommended that the collection and provision of greenhouse gas emissions data be prioritized within AGO, and, regarding the AFP and ACIC, that Subsection 22XF(1) of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 be amended to include a criminal penalty to form a hybrid criminal/civil regime.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZ5EGPGE,2024-06-17,Isabelle Bond,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-06-25T18:48:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'VHKQZA5S']",10.1080/08850607.2024.2358802,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399734510,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399734510,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2024.2358802?needAccess=true,1.0 1988,The profession that came in from the cold: Trust and distrust in espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/jpo/joae009,"Trust and distrust are important elements of the fiduciary relationship in the professions. Whether to trust or to distrust someone is a decision that has real consequences for success or failure of secret operations in undercover policing, in fraud investigation, or in audit. In this article, we focus on the spying profession as an extreme context in which we attempt to answer the question: how do spies navigate the trust/distrust dynamic in their work? The world of spies has often been out of bounds for those studying the professions and given that field studies in this context are extremely difficult, we analyzed biographies and autobiographies of secret agents. Based on our analysis, we identified different functions of trust and distrust: trust can be used as an instrument of manipulation and an option of last resort, while distrust is a protective mechanism aimed at shielding from vulnerability. We argue that a better understanding of trust and distrust dynamic may illuminate some of the behaviours of people in other professions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LEUMLUKE,2024-06-18,"Branko Božič, Sabina Keston-Siebert",,Journal of Professions and Organization,2024-06-21T13:51:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1093/jpo/joae009,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399759854,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399759854,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://academic.oup.com/jpo/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/jpo/joae009/58272291/joae009.pdf,1.0 1989,The Puppet Masters: How MI6 Masterminded Ireland's Deepest State Crisis,Book,https://www.mercierpress.ie/books/the-puppet-masters/,"David Burke uncovers the clandestine activities of Patrick Crinnion, a Garda intelligence officer who secretly served MI6 during the early years of the Troubles. As the Garda Síochána launched a manhunt for the Chief-of-Staff of the IRA, Crinnion found himself playing a crucial role in the effort to track him down. Before his disappearance, Crinnion’s actions exposed a web of secrets including those of another British spy in the Irish police, damaging intelligence leaks, gunrunning by Irish politicians, and a cover-up related to the murder of a Garda. Burke reveals MI6’s shady dealings, from attempts to smear Irish politicians to plans for using criminals as assassins and the secret surveillance of a key IRA member. Crinnion fled into exile. The Puppet Masters not only reveals what became of him but also provides an insightful look into a turbulent period marked by covert operations, betrayal, and the power struggle that shaped modern Irish history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GWL8UIBD,2024-06-09T13:21:40+00:00,David Burke,Mercier Press,,2024-06-19T18:13:19Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1990,France : French intelligence services face possible political cohabitation test,Newspaper article,"https://www.intelligenceonline.com/government-intelligence/2024/06/17/french-intelligence-services-face-possible-political-cohabitation-test,110248229-eve",The looming possibility of having a president and prime minister from different parties following the upcoming elections will place French intelligence services in a potentially uncomfortable,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L3ALJXEQ,2024-06-18T04:00:00Z,Intelligence Online,,Intelligence Online,2024-06-18T13:28:08Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1991,Silent Warfare: Understanding the World of Intelligence,Book,https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/potomac-books/9781574883459/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BMVRDS29,2002,"Abram N. Shulsky, Gary Schmitt",Potomac Books,,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1992,"The Secret Intelligence Service, Passport Control and Jewish Refugees from the Third Reich, 1938–1939*",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceae105,"The role of members of the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) in helping Jewish refugees flee Nazi persecution in the 1930s has garnered wide interest. It has been claimed that SIS officers, in their cover role as Passport Control Officers (PCOs), helped ‘save’ thousands of Jews from the Third Reich by issuing immigration visas. The focus, however, has been on individual SIS officers, rather than the collective effort of the many passport control staff involved in issuing visas. There has also been a tendency to devolve the matter into a process of producing crude balance sheets of numbers of Jews ‘saved’. This article seeks to understand how SIS came to exploit passport control work as cover for its activities and to assess the impact of the refugee crisis on SIS operations. It also aims to make sense of some of the statistics regarding visas issued by individuals such as Captain Frank Foley and Captain Thomas Kendrick, identifying some wild over-estimates. The article suggests that the humanitarian work carried out by SIS/PCO personnel should not be rendered as a competition as to who ‘saved’ the most refugees. It is important to research the subject forensically without a partisan attitude towards the personalities involved in order to uncover the truth and understand what happened.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/55Z2ZJDM,2024-06-11,Christopher Baxter,,The English Historical Review,2024-06-13T13:11:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1093/ehr/ceae105,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399512677,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 1993,The Intelligence Bureau [India],Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198894612.003.0006,"This chapter reviews one of the most enigmatic institutions in India’s security arena—the Intelligence Bureau (IB). The IB’s functions span an extraordinary range of issues, from counterterrorism to counterintelligence to serving as a liaison with and between various police forces. However, more than a century after its creation, fundamental asymmetries of ends and means have led the IB to something on a road to nowhere, with little success in innovation and developing a clarity of purpose. This chapter argues that several of the IB’s core functions have been met with intense competition from state and private-sector organizations, often with capabilities exceeding those of the Bureau itself. This chapter also finds that the IB remains severely understaffed and under-resourced. The implications for intelligence-gathering are significant. This anaemia has been further compounded by a long-standing inability to engage in the thoroughgoing capacity-development and reform many in India’s intelligence community have called on it to undertake.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RYINFHY6,2024-03-28,Praveen Swami,Oxford University Press,,2024-06-17T11:33:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1093/oso/9780198894612.003.0006,Institutional Roots of India's Security Policy,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393051782,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 1994,The KGB’s Black Box: Intelligence Operations and Bias in the People’s Republic of China,Journal article,https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/cja/article/view/11059,"The Soviet Union's intelligence operations in China helped to fuel tensions between the two communist powers, which were based on analytical biases and the difficulty of operating in China. While the Soviet Union was worried about a potential Chinese attack, it found it hard to penetrate Chinese political circles due to cultural differences and difficulties in recruiting Chinese spies. Prior to the Cold War, Soviet intelligence agencies had an easier time recruiting Chinese nationals as spies, but as the Sino-Soviet split deepened, recruiting agents, penetrating political circles, and making sense of China became more challenging. The Soviet Union's biased analytical framework on China contributed to escalatory tensions and created a feedback loop of distrust. While there are limitations to analyzing leaked USSR official notes carried by a defector, they provide valuable insights into Soviet operations in China. The KGB established its ""Line K"" department for Chinese espionage and operations, but complained about a chronic shortage of Chinese documents passed along by assets that would enable it to draw serious assessments about the Chinese communist government.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E8Y9Q4AD,2024-04-15,Dale Satre,,The Columbia Journal of Asia,2024-06-17T11:23:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.52214/cja.v2i2.11059,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4394821821,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/cja/article/download/11059/6204, 1995,The Intelligence Technology and Big Eye Secrets: Navigating the Complex World of Cybersecurity and Espionage,Book,https://osf.io/v36ys,"""The Intelligence Technology and Big Eye Secrets: Navigating the Complex World of Cybersecurity and Espionage"" is a comprehensive exploration of the intricate landscape of global intelligence and cyber security. It begins by dissecting the inner workings of intelligence and cyber security agencies, shedding light on their pivotal role in safeguarding national interests while balancing privacy concerns. The subsequent chapters delve into intelligence gathering tools, surveillance technologies, cybercrimes, and the dark side of cyberspace, unveiling the evolving threats and strategies employed by malicious actors. Furthermore, the book uncovers the influential cyber contractors shaping this domain and concludes with a discourse on cyber warfare, including defensive measures against digital threats. Whether you're a cybersecurity expert, government official, or simply a concerned individual, this book serves as an indispensable guide to understanding and navigating the complexities of cybersecurity and espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W9T2973S,2024-05-10,Karwan Mustafa Kareem,49books Publishing,,2024-06-17T11:21:23Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1996,"Regime of torture: Guantánamo Bay’s ongoing detention and prosecutions of the CIA’s rendition, detention, and interrogation prisoners",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210524000378,"Under the Convention Against Torture, if states know of torture having taken place, they have obligations to provide redress and rehabilitation for victims, and pursue prosecution of those responsible. Despite this, the US continues to detain prisoners who were subjected to years of CIA torture in Guantánamo Bay. The US is pursuing the death penalty through the Military Commissions system which falls far short of any international standards for fair trial. Ongoing systematic physical and psychological abuse prolongs torture’s effects. We argue that the ongoing arbitrary detention, abuse, denial of healthcare, and the MCs constitute a regime of torture that persists today, with the acquiescence of successive US administrations, and with the collusion of multiple agencies of the US state. This regime is deliberately intended to keep CIA torture victims incommunicado as long as possible to prevent evidence of the worst excesses of CIA torture from ever coming to light. This regime has profound implications for human rights accountability and the rule of law. Our argument offers an opportunity to revisit the prevailing narrative in International Relations literature, which tends to view the CIA torture as an aberration, and its closure an indicator of the restoration of the anti-torture norm.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MUD6DFSN,2024-04-18,"Ruth Blakeley, Megan Price",Cambridge University Press,Review of International Studies,2024-05-02T09:25:31Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 1997,Tracing Shifting Host Country Problematization(s) of Transnational Repression: The Evolution of Swedish Efforts to Counter “Refugee Espionage”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2024.2360891,"Not least since the brutal killing of Saudi journalist and regime-critic Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi embassy in Istanbul in late 2018 has the question of transnational repression emerged on the agendas of human rights activists, policy makers, and scholars of migration and authoritarianism. Such practices are commonly conceptualized as a dyadic interaction between repressor and repressed. However, on closer inspection, the dyad is, in fact, a triad. Relatively few studies account for or explore the context in which such acts of transnational repression occur: the countries of residence in which targets and victims reside. Taking inspiration from the problematization framework, this article deepens our understanding of the complex and multifaceted ways in which Sweden, a country often lauded for its comprehensive approach and response to transnational repression, has constructed “refugee espionage” as a challenge not only for law enforcement and intelligence agencies but also, Swedish bilateral relations and sovereignty. Through an in-depth analysis of 21 annual reports published by the Swedish Security Service (SÄPO), the article shows how the conceptualization and problematization of the issue has – often in response to particular incidents – become both broader and wider over time.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U7LEZPWP,2024,Arne F. Wackenhut,Routledge,Democracy and Security,2024-06-17T11:18:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/17419166.2024.2360891,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399215290,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399215290,2026.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17419166.2024.2360891?needAccess=true,2.0 1998,Stopping the Spying: US Labor Unions’ Responses to Electronic Surveillance at Work,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X241259141,"The use of electronic surveillance by employers has become increasingly common in recent years and can take many forms, including video surveillance, keystroke logging, and GPS tracking. While employers often claim that this surveillance is necessary to protect their property and increase productivity, it can also have negative consequences for workers, including work intensification and loss of a sense of autonomy at work. This paper examines the concerns, responses, and limitations of US labor unions in limiting electronic surveillance and its harms to workers. Expert interviews conducted with seven union leaders in 2023 reveal that US unions are aware of and concerned about electronic surveillance of members. Through political advocacy and collective bargaining, unions have a vital role to play in protecting workers’ privacy rights, though limitations to union's capacity exist due to low union membership density and high workloads.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6JEBZY2F,2024-06-02,Miranda Cross,SAGE Publications Inc,Labor Studies Journal,2024-06-17T11:17:50Z,['28B8SB3Y'],10.1177/0160449X241259141,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399296859,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399296859,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,,1.0 1999,"Reading Espionage Fiction: Narrative, Conflict and Commitment from World War I to the Contemporary Era",Book,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781399520812/html,"Explores how espionage fiction captures the most significant political conflicts and crises of the last hundred years Examines espionage fiction as the barometer of modern political conflict Espionage fiction has developed modes of narrative that capture the interaction of private and public loyalties against the backdrop of modern and contemporary history Explores the idea that plot is not simply a mechanism for narrative but lays out the emotional map of the espionage story Reading Espionage Fiction: Narrative, Conflict and Commitment from World War I to the Contemporary Era probes the ways in which the struggles and loyalties of political modernity have been portrayed in the espionage story over the course of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Reading works by authors such as Somerset Maugham, Helen MacInnes, John le Carré, Sam E. Greenlee and Gerald Seymour as popular literature deserving of sustained attention, this book shows how these narratives have both created a modern genre and, at the same time, sought an escape from its limitations. Martin Griffin takes up the importance of plot and character and argues that, in this branch of fiction, the personal has always and ever been political.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XI3JE5AS,2024-05-31,Martin Griffin,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-06-17T11:16:44Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1515/9781399520812,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399180140,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2000,Alfred Ewing and 'Room 40',Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/531514,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7TCXXGIV,1979,R. V. Jones,The Royal Society,Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London,2024-06-17T09:21:08Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2001,Signals Intelligence and the Battle of Jutland,Blog post,https://www.gchq.gov.uk/information/signals-intelligence-and-battle-jutland,"The Battle of Jutland, fought a hundred years ago on 31 May and 1 June 1916, was the main engagement between the Royal Navy and the Imperial German Navy in WWI.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3TZ56WTC,2016--05-27,GCHQ,,,2024-06-17T09:16:09Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2002,Communications intelligence and Tsarist Russia,Journal article,https://cryptome.org/2013/06/comint-tsar.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9A2URZQ4,1984-01-01,Thomas R. Hammant,,Cryptology,2024-06-17T09:07:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2003,"Naval Interrogations of PoWs in the Black Sea War, 1914 and 1916",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00253359.2022.2084912,"This article describes two cases where prisoners of war captured in the 1914–17 Black Sea naval conflict were interrogated. In the first case a captured Russian naval officer witnessed an operationally significant event after his interrogation, and covertly reported this via a coded letter. The second case, of an Armenian engineer, reflected a wider Russian practice of capturing and debriefing ‘Ottoman’ sailors. The article sets both cases in the wider context of Russia’s naval campaign against the Ottoman coal trade.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PAZ4VM59,2022-07-03,Toby Ewin,Routledge,The Mariner's Mirror,2024-06-17T08:50:48Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2004,Spies in the Baltic: the unknown scandal,Blog post,https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/spies-baltic-unknown-scandal/,"A scandal involving a general, a leading naval officer and a communist actress rocked the British establishment in 1920…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W7384AKE,2016-10-17T07:15:10+00:00,Richard Dunley,,,2024-06-17T08:47:37Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2005,‘Not Intended to Act as Spies’: The Consular Intelligence Service in Denmark and Germany 1906–14,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2014.942677,"This article shows how the Royal Navy under the leadership of John Fisher exploited the British Consular system in Germany and Denmark to obtain both open-source and covert intelligence between 1906 and 1914. This structure was initially constructed with the tacit support of the Foreign Office, replacing an earlier intelligence network in France and Russia. The intelligence collected by the consuls reflected the Royal Navy's strategic priorities at the time. The most important subject concerned German coastal defences, a detailed knowledge of which was essential for the Admiralty's offensive littoral strategy. From 1908 Charles Hardinge attempted to restrict the Admiralty's use of its Consular Officers for intelligence purposes, with limited success. The consuls continued to provide essential intelligence for the Royal Navy up until the outbreak of war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FZJMM7LE,2015-05-27,Richard Dunley,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-06-17T08:46:25Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/07075332.2014.942677,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044086302,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044086302,2016.0,2016.0,2014.0,http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_60433,2.0 2006,In the Shadow of Ultra: A Reappraisal of German Naval Communications Intelligence in 1914-1918,Journal article,https://www.cnrs-scrn.org/northern_mariner/vol28/tnm_28_97-117.pdf,"This article deals with the long-standing gaps in the history of communications intelligence (Funkaufklärung) within the German the German Imperial Navy during the First World War a subject that David Kahn has described as ""among the greatest among the greatest missing links in the history of cryptology"". cryptology"". The authors begin by examining on German naval communications intelligence, including the including the navy's official assessment of German by the navy in 1934 of the influence of intelligence on wireless wireless communications during the war. They describe then describe the formative evolution of the Imperial Navy's the Imperial Navy's communications intelligence structure at the start of the First World War, and its use of the rapidly evolving rapidly evolving means of cryptology. Their analysis is is based on new research carried out on the original files of the files of the Imperial Navy's decryption service and American American intelligence sources. Translated with DeepL.com (free version)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TDT8AKJQ,2018-03-01,"Keith W. Bird, Jason Hines",,The Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord,2024-06-17T08:43:32Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2007,Three Wars with Germany,Book,https://www.google.co.uk/books?id=4I6bAAAAMAAJ,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SX23WPGA,1944,"William Reginald Hall, Amos Jenkins Peaslee",G.P. Putnam's sons,,2024-06-17T08:40:11Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2008,Deterrence by Exposure? A Study of Declassified Intelligence before Russia’s Attack on Ukraine,Journal article,https://kkrva.se/hot/2024:1/RSAWS-proceedings-and-journal-1-2024-en.pdf#page=41,"Western intelligence agencies declassified and released intelligence to the media on an unprecedented scale before the Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022. The article examines the nature of the intelligence shared and the reasons for its publication, based on the idea of 'deterrence by exposure'. The Cold War saw the emergence of theories of deterrence as the concept focussed on nuclear weapons, first and second strike capabilities as well as mutual destruction capabilities. However, changes in the international security environment have affected the concept of deterrence. If the 'deterrence by exposure' plan had worked and pre- vented the Russian attack, the intelligence assessments on the attack would have been per- ceived as inaccurate and alarmist by the public, while the higher purpose would have been achieved. Thus, it remains for the theory to be able to demonstrate results. With the advent of information warfare, the concept of deterrence needs to be redefined, as does the intelli- gence component. ”Deterrence by exposure” may become part of the possibility of achiev- ing deterrence in the 21st century, while raising questions about its limitations and the pos- sibility of overcoming the obstacles posed by the war for truth and authoritarian regimes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E9NJ54MR,2024-01-01,Olli J. Teirilä,,The Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences,2024-06-17T08:33:15Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2009,"Anti-Hero with a Thousand Faces: Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy, Drag Queen",Journal article,https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/cl/article/view/38418,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MRAC99ZE,2024-06-12,Rachelle H. Saltzman,,Contemporary Legend,2024-06-17T08:28:41Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2010,The Sino–Soviet Intelligence War: The KGB Counterintelligence Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2350423,"Declassified documents of the State Committee for Security (KGB) demonstrate how Soviet intelligence viewed Chinese intelligence, after two communist neighbors split apart ideologically, and their vast border became a theater of war in the late 1960s. First, in response to the massive influx of Chinese immigrants, Soviet counterintelligence made tremendous efforts to uncover false defectors sent by Chinese intelligence, employing unique techniques. These include “in-cell” cultivation (i.e., the placement of KGB agents in the same cell with a detained Chinese suspect), and the interregional secondment (marshrutirovanie) of proven KGB agents of Chinese nationality to be deployed in Chinese settlements. Second, fighting Chinese intelligence required coordinated efforts among KGB counterintelligence, military counterintelligence, and the border guards’ intelligence. Third, the KGB developed a comprehensive operational psychology for handling Chinese targets. Three key recruitment fundamentals—ideology, money, and kompromat—were tailored to the social and cultural characteristics of the Chinese population. While Soviet intelligence utilized all available human resources, attempts to establish illegal intelligence positions in China had limited success in the 1970s. Overall, the fundamental approaches of Soviet intelligence toward China were largely determined by geopolitical and cultural underpinnings and the autocratic nature of both regimes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MM95S3LQ,2024-06-13,Sanshiro Hosaka,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-06-16T12:28:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2024.2350423,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399625728,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399625728,2026.0,2026.0,2024.0,,2.0 2011,The Autocrat’s Indispensable Service: How Russian Intelligence secured Vladimir Putin’s Regime after failing him in Ukraine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481241258108,"Russian intelligence failed President Vladimir Putin in supporting the most consequential decision of statecraft – war – before Russia’s 2022 (re)invasion of Ukraine but has since somewhat recovered, possibly redeeming itself in Putin’s estimation by securing his regime nearly two and a half years since his shambolic invasion. This article complements our previous article in this journal, The Autocrat’s Intelligence Paradox: Vladimir Putin’s (mis)management of Russian strategic assessment in the Ukraine War, which examined the systemic roots of Russia’s intelligence failure in early 2022. In this follow-on article exploring Russian intelligence’s traditional areas of (relative) competence in the period following the full-scale invasion, we consider the categories of espionage, sanctions evasion, active measures, and repression, and conclude that Putin’s security and intelligence organs have reasserted themselves with terrible vigour, domestically and internationally. Despite notable failings – and some flaps – they have been indispensable to Putin by securing his regime, at least through mid-2024.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AN5YI8EM,2024-06-14,"Huw Dylan, David V. Gioe, Elena Grossfeld",SAGE Publications,The British Journal of Politics and International Relations,2024-06-15T12:40:29Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1177/13691481241258108,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399706853,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399706853,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/13691481241258108,1.0 2012,"Secrecy, surveillance and counterintelligence in the prose fiction of Walter Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson",Thesis,https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/41869,"In this thesis, I explore the relationship between domestic secrets and history in the historical novels of Walter Scott (1771–1832) and Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–1894). I do so by investigating the connections between the historical novel and Secret History, a controversial genre of historical narrative that publicises the secret activities and scandalous private affairs of powerful public figures, most often monarchs, nobles, and statesmen. By looking to Secret History (Anekdota), I closely trace the nuanced relationship between domestic secrecy, surveillance, and intelligence-gathering and the historical and narrative structures of the historical novel from 1814 to 1894. Drawing on the etymology of Anekdota (Greek: ‘previously unpublished’), I consider how the historical novel builds on secret history’s ability to turn ‘unpublished’ into the synonym of ‘secret’, and I examine how secret history helps Scott and Stevenson navigate and explore the benefits and challenges of presenting the public with a historical narrative that publicises intimate, scandalous and salacious secrets and which offers the fruits of eavesdropping and gossip as an important, even revolutionary, piece of social and political intelligence. By examining the similarities between secret history and the historical novel, it allows us to clearly and closely trace the nuanced relationship between domestic secrets, public history, and the historical and narrative structures of the historical novel. I closely investigate how the historical novels of Walter Scott and Robert Louis Stevenson triangulate and foster a complicated relationship between history, the publication of domestic secrets, and the nineteenth-century historical novel and, in doing so, I trace secret history’s continued influence on the composition of the nineteenth-century historical novel inherited by Stevenson from Scott. In the first half of my thesis, I argue that Scott turns secret history into a literary, historical, and narrative device that is capable of exploring and complicating the relationship between private life and public history in the historical novel, and I conclude by highlighting that Scott contributes to a distinctly nineteenth-century evolution of Secret History (Anekdota): both as its author and as its subject. I then turn to Robert Louis Stevenson to trace this relationship between domestic secrets and historical narrative to the late-nineteenth-century historical novel, and I investigate how and why secret history plays a central role in Stevenson’s definition of literature, history, and journalism. By highlighting the importance of secret history as an integral plot and narrative device deployed by both authors, I begin to outline a space of reconciliation and similarity between Scott’s and Stevenson’s presentations of history. I conclude my analysis by drawing attention to the way that Stevenson’s view of literary history, and Scott’s place within this literary history, brings secret history to bear on the late-nineteenth-century historical novel in complex and nuanced ways.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UYS2PIFQ,2024-06-12,Hilary Elizabeth Clydesdale,,,2024-06-15T07:39:15Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,PhD Thesis,The University of Edinburgh,,,,,,,,, 2013,"""The Lion and the Fox – Civil War Spy vs. Spy"" – with Alexander Rose",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/572/notes,Alexander Rose joins Andrew Hammond to discuss a gripping spy-vs-spy true story from the U.S. Civil War. He wrote the book that was the inspiration behind the hit TV-series TURN.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GMC4REMY,2023-01-31,Alexander Rose,,,2024-03-03T19:44:17Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2014,"The Triumph of HUMINT: The GDR Foreign Intelligence Services’ Collection of Defense Intelligence, 1951–1989",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2340955,"During the Cold War, the German Democratic Republic (GDR)’s foreign intelligence agencies collected much defense intelligence from human sources in West Germany. By the mid-1960s, the two services had created agent networks in their principal targets in West Germany’s government, armed forces, industry and universities. For the next 25 years, these agent networks supplied a wealth of varied and valuable military intelligence and scientific and technological intelligence. At their heart was a small number of outstanding human sources. The GDR’s intelligence agencies significantly strengthened the Soviet Bloc’s intelligence collection. The intelligence they obtained was more valuable to the Warsaw Pact than the GDR’s armed forces and would have been of great benefit to the Pact if war had broken out. Their success ran counter to the trend of military intelligence collection at that time, which was to rely increasingly heavily on technical collection.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KNEUJ3PE,2024-06-11,Paul Maddrell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-06-13T08:00:23Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2024.2340955,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399512774,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399512774,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2024.2340955?needAccess=true,1.0 2015,Türk İstihbarat Tarihi [History of Turkish Intelligence],Book,https://www.yeditepeyayinevi.com/urun/turk-istihbarat-tarihi-ismail-hakki-demircioglu-9786257477031,"There has been an increase in the number of studies on intelligence in our country in recent years. Despite this, a comprehensive work covering the process from the beginning of Turkish history to the present day has not been written. The scope of the subject that can be covered under the title of ""History of Turkish Intelligence"" must include intelligence activities and the institutions that carry out these activities from the beginning of Turkish history to the present day. This is linked to a history of approximately two thousand years and the history of dozens of states established in different geographies. This book, which has many chapters that complement each other, is the first academic example of the history of Turkish intelligence in terms of the time period and content it covers. It aims to explain the institutionalisation adventure of intelligence in a historical process of approximately two thousand years, which has led to today's modern structures, by saving the previously mentioned distorted and misinformation in the minds. The book aims to provide a perspective in line with intelligence approaches and intelligence theories within the framework of intelligence cultures, organisations and perceptions, intelligence events, intelligence, counterintelligence, counterintelligence, espionage, counterintelligence activities and intelligence wheel of Turkish states from the past to the present.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/29EYDTMR,2021-10-27,"İsmail H. Demircioğlu, Ahmet Özcan, Yücel Yiğit, Namık Çencen",Yeditepe Publishing,,2024-01-24T08:13:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2016,“U.S. Army Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT)” – with Dennis Eger & Shawn Nilius,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/637/notes,"Dennis Eger and Shawn Nilius join Andrew Hammond to discuss open-source intelligence. Combined, the two have over six decades of service to the U.S. Army.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L49TPG33,2024-06-11,"Dennis Eger, Shawn Nilius",,,2024-06-11T16:35:11Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2017,Inside the world’s biggest intelligence base,Newspaper article,https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/top-secret-raf-base-intelligence-facility-mf5d0j7gb,The Pathfinder Building at RAF Wyton in Cambridgeshire is where information is gathered and analysed to share across the world in ‘truly dangerous times’,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5X9XRRLD,2024-02-08,Larisa Brown,,The Times,2024-02-08T19:00:05Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2018,The Psychology of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2343258,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CJWQVGXL,2024-06-07,"Sabrina Magris, Stephan Lau",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-06-10T17:55:44Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2343258,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399423126,84.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399423126,2012.0,2025.0,2024.0,,-12.0 2019,Soviet Espionage in Sweden: The Vasilii Sidorenko Case of 1942,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2349500,"This is a study of a Soviet espionage mission in Sweden in 1942 under the aegis of the intelligence officer Vasilii Sidorenko. Aside from trying to reconstruct, on the basis of material filed with the archive of the Swedish Security Police (Säpo), the history of the mission, the article also addresses methodological challenges following from the fact that we must, as Soviet material remains very scarce, approach Sidorenko’s mission indirectly, through material generated by the Swedish police. The article is therefore structured in terms of three separate fields of inquiry—a first that addresses the organization of Sweden’s counterespionage with regard the Sidorenko mission, a second that addresses the organization and institutional context within which Sidorenko operated, and a third that addresses the accounts of five Swedish citizens who were suspected and later sentenced for having assisted Sidorenko to collect military intelligence in Sweden. The article concludes that the suggested framework with three fields of inquiry might be helpful in the study of offensive espionage operations in a more general sense.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7ABL8BL8,2024-06-07,Johan Matz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-06-10T17:52:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2349500,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399423002,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2024.2349500?needAccess=true, 2020,OSINT and the US Intelligence Community: Is the Past Prologue?,Book chapter,https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/9781800614079_0010,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TVMBS973,2022-12-06,Kathleen M. Vogel,WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE),,2024-06-10T17:50:50Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1142/9781800614079_0010,Open Source Investigations in the Age of Google,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399445695,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399445695,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://doi.org/10.1142/9781800614079_0010,1.0 2021,Monitoring Nuclear Weapons Developments with Open Source Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/9781800614079_0004,"This chapter demonstrates how open source research can be used to establish the details of global nuclear weapons stockpiles. It starts by overviewing the patterns of secrecy that surround nuclear weapons, and argues that in contrast to these practices, greater transparency can help stabilize insecurities and reduce the risks of nuclear weapons. It then presents the authors’ work for the Federation of American Scientists, showing how they produce accurate estimates of the world’s nuclear arsenals by outlining their overall methods and the open sources that they use, as well as highlighting inherent challenges to their work and how they address these. The chapter also assesses ways in which new digital tools and data are transforming opportunities for open source research, and concludes by demonstrating that non-governmental open source research focused on enhancing transparency benefits societies and their security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NXRCSCLV,2022-12-06,"Hans M. Kristensen, Matt Korda",WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE),,2024-06-10T17:49:31Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1142/9781800614079_0004,Open Source Investigations in the Age of Google,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399445777,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781800614079_0004, 2022,The Narrative Power of Russian Foreign Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2350422,"This study examines the narratives created and exploited by the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) in its official history. It views the official history as part of a broader campaign to influence domestic and foreign perceptions of the SVR, starting in the 1990s. The narratives are examined in terms of narrative power; namely, the ability to cause intended effects by creating a certain understanding of events. The study finds that the SVR substantiates a “derzhavniki master narrative” in which Russia is a great power that must continuously balance the power of other states and prevent these states from achieving relative gains. The SVR’s narratives integrate the history of foreign intelligence into the history of Russia. This integration has narrative power because a strong foreign intelligence service is both natural and legitimate in the derzhavniki narrative. The study moreover finds that the SVR deals with the KGB’s history of repression by portraying itself as a victim.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZMG26HH9,2024-06-07,Noah Wicken,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-06-10T17:47:40Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2350422,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399423112,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399423112,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2024.2350422?needAccess=true,1.0 2023,5. Use of Bulk Data by Intelligence and Security Services : Caught Between a Rock and a Hard Place?,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9789048557998-005/html,5. Use of Bulk Data by Intelligence and Security Services : Caught Between a Rock and a Hard Place? was published in The Boundaries of Data on page 65.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4IIF4XJS,2024-02-21,"Willemijn Aerdts, Ludo Block",Amsterdam University Press,,2024-06-10T16:03:48Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1515/9789048557998-005,The Boundaries of Data,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393271608,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9789048557998-005/pdf, 2024,The growth of the Australian intelligence community and the Anglo-American connection,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/australia-in-world-affairs-19811990/growth-of-the-australian-intelligence-community-and-the-angloamerican-connection/0DEE8F0E9C1BA046FA73F2B3D83F7C63,"Australia, like Great Britain, entered the twentieth century without a professional espionage or counter-intelligence agency. Secret service work was carried out, when the occasional need arose, by adventurous young officers and patriotic civilians. The immediate origins of the modern secret intelligence communities in both Britain and Australia lie in the spy scares which preceded and followed the outbreak of the First World War. Wildly exaggerated reports of ’an extensive system of German espionage’ in the United Kingdom led to the foundation in 1909 of the Secret Service Bureau whose home and foreign departments have since become, respectively, the counter-intelligence agency MI5 and the espionage agency usually known as SIS or MI6. Australia’s first, rather smaller, spy scare in 1908 concerned reports of espionage by Japanese business persons, storekeepers, pearlers and prostitutes along the Barrier Reef and the north of Queensland.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6YJVFTZR,2024-03-29,Christopher Andrew,Cambridge University Press,,2024-06-10T16:00:17Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1017/9781009458610.008,Australia in World Affairs 1981–1990: Diplomacy in the Marketplace,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4395105843,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2025,State Intelligence Gathering: Conflict of Laws,Journal article,https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol28/iss3/4,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FDEHKEWE,2007-01-01,Charles Garraway,,Michigan Journal of International Law,2024-06-09T18:43:51Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2026,Secrets and Lies: Intelligence Activities and the Rule of Law in Times of Crisis,Journal article,https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol28/iss3/3,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WYW34J8I,2007-01-01,Simon Chesterman,,Michigan Journal of International Law,2024-06-09T18:43:42Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2027,Individual and State Responsibility for Intelligence Gathering,Journal article,https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol28/iss3/9,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FGMSWYJM,2007-01-01,Dieter Fleck,,Michigan Journal of International Law,2024-06-09T18:43:14Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2028,The Unresolved Equation of Espionage and International Law,Journal article,https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol28/iss3/5,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N83BP38B,2007-01-01,A. Radsan,,Michigan Journal of International Law,2024-06-09T18:43:01Z,"['UVSM9U3L', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2029,The Spy Who Came in From the Cold War: Intelligence and International Law,Journal article,https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol27/iss4/2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RBXSAJ7I,2006-01-01,Simon Chesterman,,Michigan Journal of International Law,2024-06-09T18:42:38Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'UVSM9U3L', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2030,Towards a Right to Privacy in Transnational Intelligence Networks,Journal article,https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol28/iss3/8,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FM4U5ZWK,2007-01-01,Francesca Bignami,,Michigan Journal of International Law,2024-06-09T18:42:25Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2031,What's International Law Got to Do with It? Transnational Law and the Intelligence Mission,Journal article,https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol28/iss3/7,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FPQ5JCPH,2007-01-01,James Baker,,Michigan Journal of International Law,2024-06-09T18:42:11Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2032,Counterintuitive: Intelligence Operations and International Law,Journal article,https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol28/iss3/6,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XDE56X3H,2007-01-01,"Glenn Sulmasy, John Yoo",,Michigan Journal of International Law,2024-06-09T18:40:17Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2033,The Liberty to Spy,Journal article,https://journals.law.harvard.edu/ilj/wp-content/uploads/sites/84/61.1-Lubin.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XLVRME65,2020-01-01,Asaf Lubin,,Harvard International Law Journa,2024-06-09T18:36:38Z,['UVSM9U3L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2034,"Digital Targeting: Artificial Intelligence, Data, and Military Intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogae009,"It is widely believed that we are on the brink of another military revolution. Today, states are actively seeking to harness the power of AI for military advantage. The question of AI is therefore of profound concern to security studies scholars concerned with global issues. Up to now, the literature has tended to concentrate on AI-enabled lethal autonomous weapons; scholars have been fascinated by the possible appearance of autonomous drone swarms and their implications for security, conflict, and war. This article takes an alternative view. It argues that AI has already begun to play a significant role in military operations and is likely to be more important in the future. However, the attention to lethal autonomous weapons is exaggerated. The armed forces have principally employed AI, not to automate weapons but to help process data. AI has been used to augment military intelligence. Above all, the armed forces have harnessed AI to accelerate and improve military targeting. The article explores two recent cases where the armed forces have used data and AI to target: COVID testing in Liverpool in 2020 and the US’s Security Assistance Group-Ukraine in the Ukraine War in 2022.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CSFAMHNK,2024-06-01,Anthony King,,Journal of Global Security Studies,2024-06-09T18:30:06Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1093/jogss/ogae009,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396721992,23.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4396721992,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://academic.oup.com/jogss/article-pdf/9/2/ogae009/57450454/ogae009.pdf,0.0 2035,"The US Intelligence Community, Global Security, and AI: From Secret Intelligence to Smart Spying",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogad005,"This article examines the ways in which the US intelligence community is leveraging the power of artificial intelligence (AI) for national security purposes. Drawing on declassified intelligence records, it contends that this community has been fascinated by AI for decades. This is important to acknowledge because this historical context has shaped contemporary projects and thinking within the community. It has given the United States a first-mover advantage, establishing precedents that other global actors need to comply with, negotiate or resist. The article advances three arguments. One, the community has long recognized that it needs to collaborate with the tech sector on AI. However, these relationships bring certain challenges since the sector is a curious compound of ideologies and interests. Two, while the community was initially attracted to the data processing advantages of AI to help human analysts to overcome “data smog,” today it has broadened its focus to consider how AI can improve all stages of the intelligence cycle. Three, while many voices feverishly herald the transformative potential of AI in the global security environment, we argue instead that US agencies will not be able to exploit the full potential of AI, and thus talk of an intelligence revolution is premature. This is because of national and international rules on data collection and retention but also because of cultural tensions within the global AI ecosystem. The discussion will appeal to scholars and practitioners interested in the impact of emerging technologies on national security processes and decision-making and, more broadly, global security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M3HAR3WZ,2023-06-01,"Christopher R Moran, Joe Burton, George Christou",,Journal of Global Security Studies,2024-06-09T18:29:18Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'E5UVWK8S']",10.1093/jogss/ogad005,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4366339702,20.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4366339702,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://academic.oup.com/jogss/article-pdf/8/2/ogad005/50016719/ogad005.pdf,0.0 2036,Sex as the secret: counterinsurgency in Afghanistan,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-theory/article/abs/sex-as-the-secret-counterinsurgency-in-afghanistan/36E8B39AF2644F25090B1F1D3BA5C536,"I explore the construction of women as the secret for the ‘successful’ prosecution of war in Afghanistan. To do so, I take up the mobilization of gender in the US counterinsurgency doctrine as deployed in Afghanistan. I draw on the 2006 Counterinsurgency Field Manual, human rights and humanitarian reports, and scholarly works to identify and analyze this mobilization, paying attention to the colonial histories upon which COIN explicitly and implicitly relies. By critically integrating these sources and the paradigmatic moments that exemplify COIN, I demonstrate the constitutive relationship of gender and COIN. The valence of the secret – of women as concealing, revealing, being, and bearing the secret – is still a lesser explored element in the analysis of the gendering of COIN and of its ‘military orientalism’. Even as scholars have powerfully shown how, in the case of Afghanistan and elsewhere, the veil functions as an overdetermined and ‘multilayered signifier’ in its own right, symbolizing the ‘tension between disclosure and concealment that defines the dominant conception of the secret’, less subject to detailed analysis in case of Afghanistan is the ways in which Afghan women are constituted through COIN in polysemous relation to the notion of the secret.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HV5TS46D,2019-03-01,Helen M. Kinsella,,International Theory,2024-06-09T18:25:38Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/S1752971918000210,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2904426157,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2904426157,2018.0,2026.0,2018.0,,0.0 2037,"Norms, perverse effects, and torture",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-theory/article/abs/norms-perverse-effects-and-torture/879B58DF2D32D4DC05E058635BEC59BF,"If torture is both ethically odious and usually ineffective as an interrogation method, why have states, especially democratic ones, practiced it? This paper develops a theoretical response to this puzzle by extending constructivist understandings of normative effects. I argue that the norm prohibiting torture has the perverse effect of making torture more attractive to some political leaders in two ways: first, the norm attracts those who are looking for an outside-the-box solution to challenging intelligence-gathering scenarios; second, the norm offers political leaders a narrative of heroism in which they sacrifice their morality for the greater good. I illustrate these explanations with the example of torture in the United States war on terror. My argument suggests that norms can shape the interests even of those who do not follow their scripts, implying that the scope of normative impact may be much wider than previously believed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EG739XTJ,2015-03-01,William L. D’Ambruoso,,International Theory,2024-06-09T18:25:06Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/S1752971914000396,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2154314180,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2154314180,2016.0,2023.0,2015.0,,1.0 2038,"Security Vetting in Northern Ireland: Loyalty, Redress and Citizenship",Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2230.00147,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VWWKDZ72,1998,"Kieran McEvoy, Ciaran White",,The Modern Law Review,2024-06-09T18:19:53Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1111/1468-2230.00147,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2167517084,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2167517084,2012.0,2022.0,1998.0,,14.0 2039,"British Torture, Then and Now: The Role of the Judges",Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2230.12578,"This article is concerned with the return of torture and other related abusive conduct to the British counter-insurgency arsenal following the initiation of military engagements in Afghanistan and Iraq in the early 2000s. It focuses primarily on how judges have engaged with the challenges that this torture and abusive conduct have posed, both in their capacity as judges proper and also as appointees to a range of inquiries that have been initiated in the wake of these actions. The article contrasts the post-2001 work of judges with that during an earlier episode when such state abuse was also evident, Northern Ireland in the 1970s. Arguing that the judiciary has been drawn into the fray much more heavily than in the 1970s and across a great range of platforms, the article analyses this judicial involvement and posits explanations for it against the backdrop of a changing UK politico-legal culture.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D5HJP4DD,2021,Conor Gearty,,The Modern Law Review,2024-06-09T18:18:21Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1111/1468-2230.12578,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3046524535,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3046524535,2023.0,2024.0,2020.0,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-2230.12578,3.0 2040,"Protecting National Security by Breaking the Law? Prerogative, Statute and the Powers of MI5",Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2230.12702,"The Court of Appeal decision in Privacy International v Foreign Secretary (2021) found lawful the long-secret policy governing the purported authorisation and commission of criminal offences as part of the work of MI5 and its informants. The Court found MI5 had a public law power to engage in such criminality, historically under the royal prerogative and more latterly as an implied power under the Security Service Act 1989. The authors argue that these findings threaten serious damage to core constitutional principles, including the rule of law and settled understandings of the prerogative and its relationship with statute. They postulate a much narrower implied legal power under the 1989 Act, authorising only the making of representations to the CPS on whether it would be in the public interest to prosecute. This would provide a narrow path for MI5 officers and their informants to avoid legal jeopardy for activities core to its mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HAQET57L,2022,"Robert Craig, Gavin Phillipson",,The Modern Law Review,2024-06-09T18:18:03Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1111/1468-2230.12702,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3210475425,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3210475425,2026.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-2230.12702,5.0 2041,The Intelligence Services Act 1994,Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1994.tb01983.x,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A2FH62TT,1994,John Wadham,,The Modern Law Review,2024-06-09T18:14:04Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1111/j.1468-2230.1994.tb01983.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082068260,21.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082068260,2015.0,2022.0,1994.0,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1994.tb01983.x,21.0 2042,Authorising Crime: The Covert Human Intelligence Sources (Criminal Conduct) Act 2021,Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2230.12751,The enactment of the Covert Human Intelligence Sources (Criminal Conduct) Act 2021 pre-empted the outcome of the appeal against the decision of the Investigatory Powers Tribunal in the so-called ‘third direction’ case. This legislation article considers the background to the statute in the form both of the (absence of a) legal regime governing informant participation in criminality as revealed by reviews of events within the Northern Irish Troubles and the recent litigation. It analyses the key legal issues raised by the Act and locates it within the modern project of rationalising the law related to national security.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SN6EBN3V,2022,Paul F. Scott,,The Modern Law Review,2024-06-09T18:13:52Z,"['UVSM9U3L', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1111/1468-2230.12751,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4283361070,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4283361070,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1468-2230.12751,3.0 2043,"On Her Majesty's Commercial Service: Bribery, Public Officials and the UK Intelligence Services",Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2011.00877.x,"“To the instrumentality of commerce alone, the Brittanic Empire is most peculiarly indebted.” This article sets into context and analyses the justification for committing bribery granted to the intelligence services by section 13 of the Bribery Act 2010. Particularly criticised is the extension of section 13 to include the intelligence services' statutory function of furthering ‘the economic well-being’ of the UK. In a context in which there are high risks of corruption in forms of export business such as arms trading, it should not be acceptable that it is open to the intelligence services, if need be, to use bribery or related offences to further such business interests on behalf of the UK. More broadly, it is argued that the breadth of section 13 illustrates the moral ambivalence of the UK when it comes to bribery overseas. This is in spite of the strengthening of the law more generally through the Bribery Act 2010, in its application to overseas trade.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5YMW2UJP,2011,Jeremy Horder,,The Modern Law Review,2024-06-09T18:13:34Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1111/j.1468-2230.2011.00877.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1506870538,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1506870538,2013.0,2026.0,2011.0,,2.0 2044,Source Handler telephone interactions with covert human intelligence sources: An exploration of question types and intelligence yield,Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/acp.3726,"Law Enforcement Agencies gather intelligence in order to prevent criminal activity and pursue criminals. In the context of human intelligence collection, intelligence elicitation relies heavily upon the deployment of appropriate evidence-based interviewing techniques (a topic rarely covered in the extant research literature). The present research gained unprecedented access to audio recorded telephone interactions (N = 105) between Source Handlers and Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) from England and Wales. The research explored the mean use of various question types per interaction and across all questions asked in the sample, as well as comparing the intelligence yield for appropriate and inappropriate questions. Source Handlers were found to utilise vastly more appropriate questions than inappropriate questions, though they rarely used open-ended questions. Across the total interactions, appropriate questions (by far) were associated with the gathering of much of the total intelligence yield. Implications for practise are discussed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4PAXMXRQ,2020-08-02,"Jordan Nunan, Ian Stanier, Rebecca Milne, Andrea Shawyer, Dave Walsh",,Applied Cognitive Psychology,2024-06-09T18:11:08Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1002/acp.3726,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3046486333,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3046486333,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/acp.3726,1.0 2045,First contact: integrating generative AI into digital diplomatic intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-024-00333-w,"The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning is opening up new possibilities for diplomatic intelligence by refining and enhancing processes of gathering, analyzing, and leveraging information through digital means. AI tools can automate tasks, identify patterns more efficiently, and provide real-time insights, enhancing the effectiveness of diplomatic decision-making. In light of these technological developments, we advance the concept of digital diplomatic intelligence (DDI) which we define as the use of Big Data and digital analytical methods to mitigate geopolitical uncertainty and provide informed and timely guidance for diplomatic decision-making. In this article, we examine how harnessing the power of data and algorithms effectively will require overcoming significant technical and organizational challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C56CMAZC,2024-03-26,"Corneliu Bjola, Ilan Manor",,Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,2024-06-09T17:57:42Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1057/s41254-024-00333-w,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393194163,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393194163,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,,1.0 2046,Respecting Human Rights While Countering Terrorism: An Impression,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/30/1-4/article-p39_39.xml,"This is an article by a practitioner who has worked on two sides of the divide between countering terrorism and protecting human rights, both as Netherlands Human Rights Ambassador and later as the Dutch Special Counterterrorism Envoy. What was most striking in looking at these two periods that were roughly a decade apart, was how different the issues and perspectives at the junction of countering terrorism and respecting human rights were. These can be attributed to three factors: 1) that in the first period the shock of 9/11 was still new and the US was in overdrive; 2) the differences between al-Qaeda and the Islamic State; and 3) revolutionary technological changes that have an impact on human rights and on the way a terrorist organization can function these days.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/47PIXWVV,2020-12-03,Piet de Klerk,Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:50:01Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1163/18750230-03001006,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3005652647,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3005652647,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/shrs/30/1-4/article-p39_39.pdf,1.0 2047,Preventive counter-terrorism and non-discrimination assessment in the European Union,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/22/2/article-p89_3.xml,"Abstract As a result of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the bombings in Madrid and London, a prevention-focused counter-terrorism approach has developed across the European Union. Preventive counter-terrorism is appealing because it implies interventions that remove the ability or, better still, the motivation of potential terrorists to carry out their lethal designs. Member states such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands that primarily have experience in addressing 'home-grown' terrorism, have developed preventive counter-terrorism measures in response. Even though the majority of these laws, regulations and policies recognize the importance of the rule of law and human rights, it remains relevant to examine whether in theory and in practice particular measures have had disproportionate effects on ethnic and religious minorities and thereby violate non-discrimination standards.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2HXPNAA,2011-01-01,Quirine Eijkman,Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:49:38Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1163/187502311797457102,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2160480684,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160480684,2013.0,2025.0,2011.0,,2.0 2048,Juggling the Balance between Preventive Security and Human Rights in Europe,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/26/2-4/article-p126_2.xml,"Within the European Union (eu), security issues are increasingly framed as risks and threats that can be controlled by preventive measures. The eu has established several agencies, legal instruments and databases to facilitate the prevention of crime, terrorism and irregular migration. This article takes stock of the way in which the eu seeks to balance the preventive security logic with its own human rights framework. While human rights can jointly be considered an evolving normative framework in the eu, there is a need to identify which human rights are at risk and how (non-) compliance ought to be monitored. The article states some concerns about equal access to human rights as well as the lack of a strong general oversight mechanism. Continued structural attention should be given to ex ante human-rights impact assessments and there needs to be more emphasis on regular external evaluations of human rights compliance ex post facto. In relation to the external action of the eu, the eu must practice what it preaches and needs to reflect critically on the necessity and proportionality of precautionary security measures.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YE7WY65D,2015-12-07,Monica Den Boer,Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:45:46Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1163/18750230-02602009,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2596105827,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2596105827,2022.0,2022.0,2015.0,,7.0 2049,Introduction Oversight in the era of ‘Snowden’ and big data: challenges and opportunities,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/24/3-4/article-p225_2.xml,"""Introduction Oversight in the era of ‘Snowden’ and big data: challenges and opportunities"" published on 30 Apr 2014 by Brill | Nijhoff.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FPJZWKVB,2014-04-30,Michael Kowalski,Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:44:02Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1163/18750230-02404014,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1984492029,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984492029,2024.0,2024.0,2014.0,,10.0 2050,Analysis for Peace The Evolving Data Tools of UN and OSCE Field Operations,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/31/1-4/article-p90_90.xml,"Abstract Both the United Nations and the osce are working to improve their peace operations technologically. While the emphasis is more often placed on new collection tools (e.g., satellite imagery, uavs, night-vision tools, etc.), the challenge remains to exploit the imagery and the copious other data that has been collected. By examining the software and evolving methods used by UN operations and the osce Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine, we evaluate two often neglected steps of the information/intelligence cycle: analysis and dissemination. Lessons are drawn from both UN and osce experience in war-torn locations. Both organizations still need to establish strong and effective data-analysis and -sharing systems within their missions, and to find better ways to share information with the conflicting parties, and with humanitarian partners.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8FQAASTD,2020-11-27,"A. Walter Dorn, Cono Giardullo",Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:43:38Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1163/18750230-31010001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3109317987,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3109317987,2022.0,2022.0,2020.0,https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/shrs/aop/article-10.1163-18750230-31010001/article-10.1163-18750230-31010001.pdf,2.0 2051,Between ‘sousveillance’ and applied ethics: practical approaches to oversight,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/24/3-4/article-p280_7.xml,"The issue of the oversight of intelligence and security services is playing an increasing role in the debate on global security issues both among specialists and the broader public. Beyond theoretical debates on intelligence and surveillance ten practical approaches to advance oversight are being developed. Core ideas address the implications of the political supremacy of oversight, the need for revisiting the focus of oversight as well as the possibilities of the proliferation of best oversight practices. Furthermore, suggestions are made regarding the integration of ethics in security research and the creation of space for applied ethics for intelligence practitioners.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HL8JCCLI,2014-04-30,Michael Kowalski,Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:43:06Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1163/18750230-02404006,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997350623,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 2052,Open source intelligence and privacy dilemmas: Is it time to reassess state accountability?,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/23/4/article-p285_5.xml,"""Open source intelligence and privacy dilemmas: Is it time to reassess state accountability?"" published on 01 Jan 2013 by Brill | Nijhoff.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KQAHGKF3,2013-01-01,"Quirine Eijkman, Daan Weggemans",Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:42:32Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'LXMU5UXP', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1163/18750230-99900033,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2117315196,22.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2117315196,2014.0,2026.0,2013.0,,1.0 2053,More than a ritual dance. The Dutch practice of parliamentary oversight and control of the intelligence community,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/24/3-4/article-p227_3.xml,"Parliamentary oversight and control of intelligence and security services is complex, in theory as well as in practice. Because of the secrecy that surrounds their work, parliamentary control is essentially difficult. In this article the Dutch experiences in institutionalizing and practising oversight are explored. It will become clear that factors such as the structural makeup of the parliamentary committee for oversight, political culture, and the personal views of the Members of Parliament involved, decide to a large degree how often the committee convenes, what the atmosphere of the meetings is like, and what issues are on the table.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QGB8TX86,2014-04-30,Constant Hijzen,Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:40:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1163/18750230-02404002,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008073402,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008073402,2017.0,2025.0,2014.0,,3.0 2054,Information Management professionals working for intelligence organizations: ethics and deontology implications,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/24/3-4/article-p264_6.xml,"Archive and information management experts trained in library science programs are ideal candidates for jobs in intelligence organizations. Their skills, abilities and knowledge are frequently required in at least two well-defined areas: open source information gathering and records management/archival organisation. Under the general overview of the debate between “big data vs. big narrative” this article focuses on the ethical challenges that affect this community of information professionals. As a key component of the so-called “intelligence culture”, it will be also underlined the need for intensifying from our university classrooms the ethical dimension of information exploitation for security and defence purposes. The role played by these information profiles involved in multiple phases of the intelligence production process must be based not only on efficiency and efficacy criteria but also on deontology principles whose benefits are the fortification of democratic practice by intelligence services working in strong legal frameworks designed to guarantee fundamental rights.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KSSZHZVP,2014-04-30,Diego Navarro Bonilla,Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:38:33Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1163/18750230-02404005,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037187394,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037187394,2015.0,2021.0,2014.0,,1.0 2055,From Oversight to Undersight: the Internationalization of Intelligence,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/24/3-4/article-p239_4.xml,"Due to the globalization and nodalisation of intelligence - resulting in hybrid intelligence assemblages - well-known problems related to overseeing intelligence are deteriorating. Not only does the international cooperation between intelligence services contribute to this problem, but especially the internationalization of intelligence collection meaning that as a consequence of technological and market transformations intelligence collection has become footloose and can be conducted remotely. In that way it leaves any idea of national sovereignty or the national protection of civil rights increasingly obsolete. Instead of oversight by institutions the real counter-power in post-democratic constellations seems to be practised by whistleblowers and investigative journalists. Sousveillance or undersight therefore seems to be the most important current oversight mechanism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4BL3HYG,2014-04-30,Jelle van Buuren,Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:35:53Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1163/18750230-02404003,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067788225,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067788225,2016.0,2024.0,2014.0,,2.0 2056,Closing the gap between debate and reality: Cooperation between intelligence oversight bodies,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/shrs/24/3-4/article-p253_5.xml,"Cooperation between intelligence oversight bodies has long been suggested as one of the means to keep the cross-border fight against terrorism in check. This article maps the incentives given to cooperation between oversight bodies, and evaluates the response to these appeals for cooperation by national legislators and the oversight community itself. This account shows that the level of cooperation between oversight bodies remains very limited. In practice several obstacles of a practical and legal nature exist that prevent further cooperation. Nevertheless, the article shows that even within the current legal framework there are several important fields in which the oversight community may still develop its cooperation. This will positively contribute to the quality and acceptance of oversight.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MZVC3FI9,2014-04-30,B. de Jonge,Brill Nijhoff,Security and Human Rights,2024-06-09T17:35:31Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1163/18750230-02404004,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069603930,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069603930,2018.0,2018.0,2014.0,,4.0 2057,State Compliance with International Law in Intelligence Matters: A Behavioural Approach,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idab029,"Decision-making in intelligence matters is often assumed to be an extra-legal process. This article however shows that the determining factor in compliance is a legal one: the likelihood of the state being held effectively accountable for a breach of international law. Through a behavioural analysis of state conduct in intelligence matters and the modelling of intelligence decision-making, the article demonstrates that state behaviour in intelligence matters can be explained and predicted. Taking compliance as the standard for assessing the effectiveness of regulation, this finding has strategic implications for the actors of the international legal order attempting to enhance compliance. Specifically, increasing the likelihood of effective accountability increases the probability of compliance and decreases the weight given to extra-legal and domestic considerations in decision-making, regardless of the activity and state considered. Hence, rather than focusing on the regulatory framework itself (international law), regulatory approaches aiming to enhance compliance should focus on improving accountability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BELU3IF4,2022-06-01,Sophie Duroy,,Journal of International Dispute Settlement,2024-06-09T17:32:41Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1093/jnlids/idab029,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3217615592,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3217615592,2024.0,2024.0,2021.0,https://hdl.handle.net/1814/73650,3.0 2058,Counterintelligence and Access to Transactional Records: A Practical History of USA PATRIOT Act Section 215,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2005/06/15/counterintelligence-and-access-to-transactional-records-a-practical-history-of-usa-patriot-act-section-215/,"The USA PATRIOT Act has sparked intense public debate, with proponents claiming that the Act is a necessarily hard-minded response to a national crisis, while opponents see unwarranted, even opportunistic, expansion of state power. Perhaps no provision of the Act has generated more controversy than §215, which authorizes the FBI to seek a court order compelling the production of “any tangible things” relevant to certain counterintelligence and counterterrorism investigations. Like many other provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act, §215 will expire on December 31, 2005, unless reauthorized by Congress. The controversy, therefore, is likely to intensify over the coming months.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SDDG6QLW,2005-06-15T19:07:48+00:00,Michael J. Woods,,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-09T17:24:29Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'UVSM9U3L']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2059,MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND METHODOLOGICAL PLURALISM AS A REQUIREMENT OF INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS,Conference paper,https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vladimir-Milosev/publication/380910934_CORRELATION_BETWEEN_PERSONALITY_CHARACTERISTICS_AND_LEADERSHIP_STYLES/links/6655aa970b0d2845745e1556/CORRELATION-BETWEEN-PERSONALITY-CHARACTERISTICS-AND-LEADERSHIP-STYLES.pdf#page=690,"In this paper, I put forward the premise that modern methodological pluralism is a principle that dictates openness to the variety of scientific paradigms, for their possible application in the diverse research perspectives in a certain scientific field (the potential application of epistemological assumptions and methods of other scientific disciplines in addition to the defined one), since the use (when it is necessary) of supplementary theories that widens the reach of the basic theoretical grounding - where the binding and intersecting of theoretical models supplements and completes the research results. The justification of the application of methodological pluralism and the necessity for multidisciplinarity in modern scientific research is in this work evaluated in the studies of intelligence, more precisely, with an aim to conform the need for a multidisciplinary perspective and diverse methodological instruments in theory and in the practice of intelligence analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WJU3MV8U,2024-01-29,Predrag Pavlicevic,,,2024-06-09T17:18:49Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2060,An Assessment of the Evolution and Oversight of Defense Counterintelligence Activities,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2009/12/15/an-assessment-of-the-evolution-and-oversight-of-defense-counterintelligence-activities/,"For more than thirty years, our country has struggled to delineate the boundaries of domestic intelligence operations. Americans tend to regard those government components exercising national security powers within the borders of the United States (whether under clear authority or not) with an inherent suspicion bolstered by historical experience. We tolerate the existence of such components but insist that they be highly regulated, particularly with respect to any activities that impinge upon civil society. Historical circumstances influence, but never erase, this regulatory imperative. Despite this imperative, components may occasionally escape regulation – at least for a time – because they are unknown, their missions remain mysterious or only partially understood, or because (intentionally or not) a convincing illusion of sufficient regulation is presented to the examining eye.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8WDMFUN6,2009-12-15T17:45:36+00:00,"Michael J. Woods, William King",,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-08T07:43:35Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2061,Spies Without Borders: International Law and Intelligence Collection,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2011/06/26/spies-without-borders-international-law-and-intelligence-collection/,"To the surprise of many, it turns out that Canada’s chief security intelligence agency – the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) –may not legally collect covert intelligence abroad. That is at least one interpretation of a Canadian Federal Court decision issued in October 2007, but only released publicly in 2008. At issue was whether the… Continue reading Spies Without Borders: International Law and Intelligence Collection",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6XV2VUMY,2011-06-26T09:46:53+00:00,Craig Forcese,,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-08T07:42:02Z,"['UVSM9U3L', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2062,Intelligence Analysis and Planning for Paramilitary Operations,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2012/01/24/intelligence-analysis-and-planning-for-paramilitary-operations/,"Paramilitary operations – “PM ops” in American spytalk – may be defined as secret war-like activities. They are a part of a broader set of endeavors undertaken by intelligence agencies to manipulate events abroad, when so ordered by authorities in the executive branch. These activities are known collectively as “covert action” (CA) or, alternatively, “special activities,” “the quiet option,” or “the third option” (between diplomacy and overt military intervention).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DHLF9GUB,2012-01-24T18:03:17+00:00,Loch K. Johnson,,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-08T07:40:58Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2063,The Wasp’s Nest: Intelligence Community Whistleblowing & Source Protection,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2015/05/08/the-wasps-nest-intelligence-community-whistleblowing-source-protection/,Meyer and Berenbaum analyze the national security policy challenge in balancing protections for Intelligence Community whistleblowers and the government’s legitimate need for secrecy in order to execute the federal intelligence and counterintelligence mission. It is that need for secrecy that creates the intellectual distance between the sovereign’s requirement for information regarding the performance of the… Continue reading The Wasp’s Nest: Intelligence Community Whistleblowing & Source Protection,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L8C5HGQY,2015-05-08T14:05:41+00:00,"Dan Meyer, David Berenbaum",,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-08T07:39:40Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'UVSM9U3L']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2064,10 Standards for Oversight & Transparency of National Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2016/07/25/10-standards-oversight-transparency-national-intelligence-services/,... present a set of 10 standards for oversight and transparency for surveillance by intelligence services ...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZBRL5X94,2016-07-25T13:54:49+00:00,"Sarah Eskens, Ott van Daalen, Nico van Eijk",,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-08T07:36:34Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2065,The Future of Foreign Intelligence: Privacy and Surveillance in a Digital Age,Book,,"Since the Revolutionary War, America's military and political leaders have recognized that U.S. national security depends upon the collection of intelligence. Absent information about foreign threats, the thinking went, the country and its citizens stood in great peril. To address this, the Courts and Congress have historically given the President broad leeway to obtain foreign intelligence. But in order to find information about an individual in the United States, the executive branch had to demonstrate that the person was an agent of a foreign power. Today, that barrier no longer exists. The intelligence community now collects massive amounts of data and then looks for potential threats to the United States. As renowned national security law scholar Laura K. Donohue explains in The Future of Foreign Intelligence, the internet and new technologies such as biometric identification systems have not changed our lives in countless ways. But they have also led to a very worrying transformation. The amount and types of information that the government can obtain has radically expanded, and information that is being collected for foreign intelligence purposes is now being used for domestic criminal prosecution. Traditionally, the Courts have allowed exceptions to the Fourth Amendment rule barring illegal search and seizure on national security grounds. But the new ways in which we collect intelligence are swallowing the rule altogether. Just as alarming, the ever-weaker standards that mark foreign intelligence collection are now being used domestically-and the convergence between these realms threatens individual liberty. Donohue traces the evolution of foreign intelligence law and pairs that account with the progress of Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. She argues that the programmatic surveillance that the National Security Agency conducts amounts to a general warrant-the prevention of which was the point of introducing the Fourth Amendment. The expansion of foreign intelligence surveillance - leant momentum by significant advances in technology, the Global War on Terror, and the emphasis on securing the homeland - now threatens to consume protections essential to privacy, which is a necessary component of a healthy democracy. Donohue offers an agenda for reining in the national security state's expansive reach, primarily through Congressional statutory reform that will force the executive and judicial branches to take privacy seriously, even as it provides for the continued collection of intelligence central to U.S. national security. Both alarming and penetrating, this is essential reading for anyone interested in the future of foreign intelligence and privacy in the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L3G7SYBW,2016-03-10,Laura K. Donohue,Oxford University Press,,2024-06-08T07:34:45Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'UVSM9U3L']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2066,Outsourcing Intelligence Analysis: Legal and Policy Risks,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2018/05/30/outsourcing-intelligence-analysis-legal-and-policy-risks/,"Outsourcing intelligence, while not a recent phenomenon, has become more commonplace in the face of increased operations and fiscal pressure since the terror attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. While outsourcing has many benefits, it also brings certain general difficulties. As outsourcing decisions continue, it is critical ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4LPHYN8W,2018-05-30T15:29:08+00:00,Joshua R. Storm,,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-08T07:32:53Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'UVSM9U3L']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2067,Gathering Intelligence: Drifting Meaning and the Modern Surveillance Apparatus,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2019/01/28/gathering-intelligence-drifting-meaning-and-the-modern-surveillance-apparatus/,"But over time, the dispersion of authority to make decisions within and across intelligence agencies has enabled drift in the meaning of these terms ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RYKJXSN8,2019-01-28T18:16:54+00:00,"Diana Lee, Paulina Perlin, Joe Schottenfeld",,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-08T07:30:14Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2068,Comparing the Strength of SEP Patent Portfolios: Leadership Intelligence for the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2022/02/19/comparing-the-strength-of-sep-patent-portfolios-leadership-intelligence-for-the-intelligence-community/,5G competition is often judged by the number of patents in a given country’s standard essential patent (“SEP”) portfolio. This metric ...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/38729XS5,2022-02-19T14:35:10+00:00,David Kappos,,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-08T07:28:45Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2069,A New Framework for Cyber Operations: Reevaluating Traditional Military Activities and Intelligence Collection in the Digital Age,Journal article,https://jnslp.com/2024/01/20/a-new-framework-for-cyber-operations-reevaluating-traditional-military-activities-and-intelligence-collection-in-the-digital-age/,... intelligence operations largely caused by “bureaucratic territoriality” and to account for the way in which cyber operations essentially ...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/89KQRV6E,2024-01-20T18:39:40+00:00,Jeremy Watford,,Journal of National Security Law & Policy,2024-06-08T07:25:10Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2070,How Torture and National Security Have Corrupted the Right to Fair Trial in the 9/11 Military Commissions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krac002,"Now passing its tenth year of pre-trial, the 9/11 military commission involves five men on trial for war crimes and terrorism in relation to the attacks against the USA on 11 September 2001. This article examines specific issues regarding the relationship between the prohibition against torture, national security and the right to fair trial that have arisen in the pre-trial phase of the case. The most obvious connection between the prohibition against torture and the right to fair trial has traditionally played out in the context of the exclusion of evidence obtained through torture. However, the frenetic nature of engagement between the defense and the prosecution in the courtroom reinforces that the US government’s efforts to hide the torture of the defendant victims diminishes the further range of protections that make up the right to fair trial, in particular this article examines various components of the right to an effective defense. In analysing these issues, the article contributes to the legal literature and understanding about the interrelated nature of torture and fair trial in the Guantánamo military commissions by demonstrating how efforts to conceal torture using the guise of national security prevents the defendants from fully engaging their rights to a fair trial in the 9/11 military commission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4WCWKUAS,2022-04-01,Kasey McCall-Smith,,Journal of Conflict and Security Law,2024-06-07T23:52:48Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1093/jcsl/krac002,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4207054182,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4207054182,2022.0,2023.0,2022.0,https://academic.oup.com/jcsl/article-pdf/27/1/83/43361661/krac002.pdf,0.0 2071,Complicity of States in Partnered Drone Operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krac011,"Military operations carried out with armed drones call into question not only the international responsibility of the drone-sending State but also the potential international responsibility for complicity of assisting States. Drone strikes are conducted through a complex set of tasks that would not be possible without the military cooperation of partner States. Three main scenarios of partnered drone operations are described, namely lending foreign military bases, providing logistical and technological support and intelligence sharing for targeting purposes. The article explores the issue of State complicity under the lens of Article 16 of the Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. The core features of State complicity—the ‘significant contribution element', the ‘mental element' and the ‘opposability element'—are discussed and applied to the three scenarios. The practice of partnered drone operations is extensively analysed, focusing on the assistance provided by Italy, Germany and the Netherlands to the US drone programme. The study concludes that in the cases under consideration, the international responsibility for complicity of assisting States is likely to be entailed, should the action of the assisted State result in an internationally wrongful act.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/27WWV6DY,2022-07-01,Eleonora Branca,,Journal of Conflict and Security Law,2024-06-07T23:50:08Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1093/jcsl/krac011,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210454127,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 2072,"A Case against Relying Solely on Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Technology to Identify Proposed Targets",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krv009,"In the past-15 years, States have increasingly placed a greater reliance on intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance technology to identify potential targets on the battlefield and to verify, at the point of executing the attack, whether the target is in fact a military objective, a combatant or an individual who is taking a direct part in hostilities. This article critically analyses in what circumstances and for what type of targets attackers should not solely rely on intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance technology in order to comply with the principle of distinction. The use of technology may adversely affect accurate identification of some types of targets because it may influence what type of intelligence an attacker decides to gather, how he carries out target verification and how he interprets the situation on the battlefield. The use of technology frequently does not enable attackers to correctly interpret the context behind the events on the battlefield. This results in attackers having an incomplete understanding of what is happening on the battlefield. In contrast, when attackers visually check the character of the proposed target, they gain a fuller understanding about the situation on the ground and are in a better position to comply with the principle of distinction. Additionally, it is considered whether this problem is equally applicable to emerging intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance technologies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JT7LMIP8,2015-12-01,Tetyana (Tanya) Krupiy,,Journal of Conflict and Security Law,2024-06-07T23:48:55Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1093/jcsl/krv009,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2325341043,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2325341043,2016.0,2024.0,2015.0,,1.0 2073,ASSESSING THE IMPLICATIONS OF SCHREMS II FOR EU–US DATA FLOW,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly/article/assessing-the-implications-of-schrems-ii-for-euus-data-flow/71E5412185BA0AE59B9F1AE1CFB6B97B,"With the constant flow of data across jurisdictions, issues regarding conflicting laws and the protection of rights arise. This article considers the EU–US data transfer relationship in the aftermath of the decision in Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland and Maximillian Schrems where the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) invalidated an EU–US data transfer agreement for the second time in just five years. This judgment continues the line of cases emphasising the high value the Court places on securing EU personal data in accordance with EU data protection standards and fundamental rights. This article assesses the implications of the ruling for the vulnerable EU–US data transfer relationship.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4VQFBFDM,2022-01-01,Maria Helen Murphy,,International & Comparative Law Quarterly,2024-06-07T23:44:44Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/S0020589321000348,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3204474842,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3204474842,2021.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/71E5412185BA0AE59B9F1AE1CFB6B97B/S0020589321000348a.pdf/div-class-title-assessing-the-implications-of-span-class-italic-schrems-ii-span-for-eu-us-data-flow-div.pdf,0.0 2074,STATE SECRETS LAW AND NATIONAL SECURITY,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly/article/abs/state-secrets-law-and-national-security/2216010C9AAE71A1026355AB62A838A9,"With the increased awareness of national security concerns associated with unauthorized disclosure of State secrets, the legal protection of State secrets on national security grounds has assumed renewed significance, while raising ever growing concerns about its impact on freedom of information. Between these competing policy concerns lies a discrete area of law that defines and protects State secrets from unauthorized communication or disclosure. This article aims to ascertain the actual State practice concerning State secrets protection on national security grounds across different countries, and examines common challenges to the delimitation of national security grounds for State secrets protection in light of the changing national security environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U9PKNKJ4,2015-04-01,Hitoshi Nasu,,International & Comparative Law Quarterly,2024-06-07T23:43:57Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/S0020589315000056,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2168377894,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2168377894,2017.0,2026.0,2015.0,,2.0 2075,The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation—New Mechanisms for Accountability,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-and-comparative-law-quarterly/article/abs/australian-security-intelligence-organisationnew-mechanisms-for-accountability/AE04D6F8182D6C46813C97DFAED433AA,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9PW5WCFV,1989-10-01,H. P. Lee,,International & Comparative Law Quarterly,2024-06-07T23:41:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1093/iclqaj/38.4.890,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2114177990,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2114177990,2020.0,2020.0,1989.0,,31.0 2076,At war? Party status and the war in Ukraine,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/leiden-journal-of-international-law/article/at-war-party-status-and-the-war-in-ukraine/EC59482A140EE6FBDD86292ED18C2FA6,"Military support to Ukraine has been accompanied by debates as to when Western states would find themselves ‘at war’ with Russia. This political and legal discourse reminds us that international law needs concepts to identify who is a party to an international armed conflict. Identifying parties is crucial because the international legal regulation of armed conflict remains, in many ways, structured by reference to party status – even if the legal meaning of being a party today differs significantly from the traditional implications of being ‘at war’. To capture the increasingly complex co-operation patterns of today’s and tomorrow’s wars, this article identifies the contours for a framework of legal criteria for establishing when a state has become a party to an ongoing international armed conflict. To become a party under this framework, a state must knowingly make a contribution to the conflict that is of a character such that it is directly connected to harm caused to the adversary. That contribution must be sufficiently closely co-ordinated with fellow parties to allow for involvement in the decision-making processes regarding co-ordinated military operations. Applying these criteria to key support scenarios, as exemplified in Russia’s war against Ukraine, permits reasonable distinctions, also with a view to future conflicts. More widely, the analysis of party status may enhance our understanding of the architecture of the international legal regulation of armed conflict as a whole, and its ability to respond to the realities of contemporary conflicts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRMYWZGQ,2023-09-01,Alexander Wentker,,Leiden Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T23:39:00Z,"['UVSM9U3L', 'Y959U28A']",10.1017/S0922156522000760,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4321498688,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4321498688,2023.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/EC59482A140EE6FBDD86292ED18C2FA6/S0922156522000760a.pdf/div-class-title-at-war-party-status-and-the-war-in-ukraine-div.pdf,0.0 2077,"British surveillance of postwar Soviet radio jamming: US–UK intelligence relations and interference detection at BBC Tatsfield, 1948-1949",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2024.2363716,"Following World War II, the BBC, better known for radio programme broadcasts, continued its long-standing work of radio spectrum surveillance at the specialized receiving and measurement facility located at Tatsfield. Both before and after Soviet jamming of US and British Russian-language broadcasts escalated in April 1949, Tatsfield catalogued the technical characteristics of jamming signals. BBC engineers, experienced in interpreting types and sources of radio interference, issued fortnightly summaries with interpretations of these technical observations. US intelligence agencies knew of Tatsfield’s findings, but differing perspectives in Washington and London resulted in divergent responses to the technical intelligence data. With rising tensions in wider Anglo-American intelligence relations, fueled by the Soviet weapons program and security breaches, such differences presaged separate approaches to Soviet communications threats. US agencies received greatly increased funding, while the BBC’s budget struggles persisted. Even so, interference detection was a high-water mark in Britain’s early Cold War intelligence work.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YV5CFI6H,2024-06-05,Laura M. Calkins,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-06-07T21:09:37Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2024.2363716,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399360841,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399360841,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,,1.0 2078,Recent Developments in the ‘War on Terrorism’ in Canada,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngm020,"We appear to have entered a ‘third phase’ in the worldwide legal reaction to the events of 11 September 2001. If the first phase was marked by a supine reaction on the part of courts to bold executive use of terrorist-related powers and by the passing of ‘copy-cat’ anti-terrorist laws in countries across the globe, 1 and the second by the uncertainty of the response of those bodies charged with supervising the implementation of these new laws, 2 the third phase seems to be characterised by an attitude of scepticism in courts and elsewhere and an increased willingness to delve into the often murky realities of the application of terrorism policies. 3 This note concerns two recent developments in Canada which may be said to embody this trend, both of which deal with the paradigmatic (and problematic) connection between counter-terrorist policy and secret intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZWS5FXP7,2007-01-01,Thomas Poole,,Human Rights Law Review,2024-06-07T21:07:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1093/hrlr/ngm020,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066879153,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066879153,2012.0,2021.0,2007.0,,5.0 2079,European Union Regulation of Transatlantic Data Transfers and Online Surveillance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngw046,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EV4KFR7H,2017-09-01,Maria Tzanou,,Human Rights Law Review,2024-06-07T21:06:52Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1093/hrlr/ngw046,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2594601580,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2594601580,2018.0,2018.0,2016.0,,2.0 2080,"The European Court of Human Rights, Extraordinary Renditions and the Right to the Truth: Ensuring Accountability for Gross Human Rights Violations Committed in the Fight Against Terrorism",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngt017,"On 13 December 2012, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered a milestone decision in the quest to ensure accountability of gross human rights violations committed in the fight against terrorism. The case, El-Masri v The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, concerned the extraordinary rendition to torture of an individual wrongly suspected of being involved in terrorism activities. The ECtHR found that by seizing, detaining and secretly transferring Mr El-Masri to the custody of United States (US) intelligence agents, Macedonia had violated the prohibition of torture and inhuman and degrading treatment, the prohibition of arbitrary detention, the right to private and family life and the right to access to court as protected under the European Convention on Human Rights, and ordered the respondent government to pay damages in compensation. The decision of the ECtHR broke the wall of secrecy and impunity with which the case of Mr El-Masri had been treated at the domestic level and fully vindicated his human rights’ claims. At the same time, the ECtHR cautiously endorsed a new paradigm of the ‘right to the truth’—that is: a right for the victim and the public at large to know about the abuses committed by governments in the field of national security—increasing the chances of accountability in future cases of gross human rights violations. Nevertheless, the decision also left some issues open, as the ECtHR did not, and could not, address the culpability of US agents who effectively tortured Mr El-Masri in Macedonia, secretly transferred him to Afghanistan and detained him there in inhumane conditions. From this point of view, therefore, the article argues that the decision of the ECtHR should be seen as an opportunity for further action in the US to ensure the full vindication of the values on which our liberty, and our security, ultimately rest.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JJ6C93N9,2014-03-01,Federico Fabbrini,,Human Rights Law Review,2024-06-07T21:06:37Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1093/hrlr/ngt017,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965046015,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965046015,2014.0,2024.0,2013.0,,1.0 2081,The Scope of Third-Party Responsibility for Serious Human Rights Abuses under the European Convention on Human Rights: Wrongdoing in the British Indian Ocean Territory,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngw027,"This article examines the evolution of third-party responsibility, under the European Convention on Human Rights, for the wrongful acts of foreign officials within a Contracting State’s jurisdiction. It explores the limits of the complicity test endorsed by the European Court of Human Rights in El-Masri, Al Nashiri and Abu Zubaydah—that a Contracting State’s officials connived or acquiesced in such wrongdoing—in this context. It argues that, in accordance with the Convention’s positive obligations, responsibility should be determined by what those officials ought to have known and done as a result of credible reports, alleging that serious human rights abuses were being committed, having entered the public domain by the material time. To this end, the article examines the potential significance of allegations that officials of the United States of America ill-treated and arbitrarily detained individuals, pursuant to its Central Intelligence Agency’s Detention and Interrogation Programme, in the British Indian Ocean Territory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZWUCTYYE,2016-12-01,Stephen Allen,,Human Rights Law Review,2024-06-07T21:06:09Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1093/hrlr/ngw027,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2531423658,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2531423658,2017.0,2020.0,2016.0,https://academic.oup.com/hrlr/article-pdf/16/4/771/8463399/ngw027.pdf,1.0 2082,Unmasking the Term 'Dual Use' in EU Spyware Export Control,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chad039,"Spyware has been heralded as an essential tool for law enforcement and intelligence operations. However, examples abound of states that use it in a manner that violates human rights as well as undermines democracy and the rule of law. Against this backdrop, the European Union (EU) Dual-use Regulation was recast in 2021. It now makes an effort to control the export of cyber surveillance technologies, including spyware, which it defines as dual use. What narrative is created by framing spyware as ‘dual use’? This article illustrates how the term 'dual use' roots in a distinction between ‘peaceful’ and ‘non-peaceful’, or ‘civil’ and ‘military’ uses, and has gradually become associated with a broader dichotomy between ‘legitimate’ and ‘illegitimate’ purposes. Historically, this duality served not only to articulate the risks posed by certain technologies and indicate the rationale for their export control but also to justify their trade. Yet recourse by EU actors to dual use tilts the EU discourse on spyware export control towards state-centric security considerations and commercial interests over human rights. Unmasking how the term transposes a conceptually flawed, deceptive and empty duality to the spyware context, this article shows that the very concept of dual use may undermine human rights safeguards in spyware export control.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5CSELTY4,2023-08-01,Lena Riecke,,European Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T20:56:56Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1093/ejil/chad039,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386764833,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386764833,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://academic.oup.com/ejil/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/ejil/chad039/51607655/chad039.pdf,1.0 2083,U.S. Law and the Iran-Contra Affair,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/us-law-and-the-irancontra-affair/05D5E636EFF021B7B646C889CACDA5E0,//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS0002930000073747/resource/name/firstPage-S0002930000073747a.jpg,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8FTVFKMV,1987-07-01,David J. Scheffer,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T20:47:38Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.2307/2202027,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2317521706,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2317521706,2014.0,2015.0,1987.0,,27.0 2084,The Council of Europe Addresses Cia Rendition and Detention Program,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/council-of-europe-addresses-cia-rendition-and-detention-program/F1FE5A3D06F4C26F58B0DE8E62C20F61,"In November 2005, the U.S. media reported that the Central Intelligence Agency was operating secret detention facilities in a handful of foreign countries, including two in eastern Europe, and that detainees were often transferred between those facilities and states known to engage in torture. The news that terrorism suspects may have been denied their human rights in member states of the Council of Europe caused concern within the Council and triggered several responses. Within days of the media reports, the Council's Parliamentary Assembly appointed a rapporteur to investigate the extent to which member states were participating in the CIA program. The rapporteur, in turn, asked the Venice Commission to prepare a legal opinion on the member states’ related international obligations. On the basis of that opinion, and the rapporteur's finding that a fair number of member states had acquiesced or participated in the CIA program, the Parliamentary Assembly adopted a resolution and a recommendation intended to safeguard against such conduct in the future. Separately, the secretary general of the Council invoked his authority under Article 52 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) to survey member states on relevant aspects of their domestic legal systems, including whether those systems contain controls on foreign state conduct deemed to infringe ECHR rights.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YRZ8I778,2007-04-01,Monica Hakimi,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T10:27:20Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/S0002930000030165,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W22153960,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W22153960,2012.0,2021.0,2007.0,,5.0 2085,The President’s Foreign Affairs Power,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/presidents-foreign-affairs-power/B7FA6AB3187715FCFE782E25FE69B700,"In the wake of Vietnam and Watergate, Congress set out to attack the imperial Presidency and to recapture its “historic constitutional role” in foreign policy. The tools of congressional activism included the National Commitments Resolution, the War Powers Resolution, the Case Act, the legislative veto over arms sales and nuclear exports, trade restrictions aimed at the Soviet Union and regulation of intelligence activities. In response, Presidents Carter and Reagan charged that Congress was invading presidential prerogatives. Joined by former executive branch officials and academic commentators, they saw an imperial Congress and believed the solution was a strengthened Presidency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9EEG7SZD,1989-10-01,Phillip R. Trimble,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T10:26:57Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.2307/2203363,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2322051685,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2322051685,2015.0,2021.0,1989.0,,26.0 2086,Big Brother Watch and Others v. the United Kingdom,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/big-brother-watch-and-others-v-the-united-kingdom/024BF9DDDFA0C882358B052845230352,//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS0002930022000355/resource/name/firstPage-S0002930022000355a.jpg,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JK3ABK7X,2022-07-01,Monika Zalnieriute,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T09:36:31Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/ajil.2022.35,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4288078076,33.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4288078076,2018.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/024BF9DDDFA0C882358B052845230352/S0002930022000355a.pdf/div-class-title-big-brother-watch-and-others-v-the-united-kingdom-div.pdf,-4.0 2087,On Drawing a Bright Line for Covert Operations,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/on-drawing-a-bright-line-for-covert-operations/C7749C226866374968F3825CD236DC48,"This analysis of covert operations, as conducted by Western intelligence services, explores the problem of assessing their effects on international order and comity. Despite a tendency of commentators to overlook this form of intervention, the topic is important; in contemporary global relations, covert acts of hostility between nations occur with a high rate of frequency.The study is organized into three sections. The first presents a “ladder of escalation” for covert operations, one based on a rising level of intrusion abroad as policy makers climb upward from low-risk to high-risk activities. The second section briefly surveys leading ethical, philosophical and practical issues involved in trying to evaluate the effects of secret intelligence activities. And the third section offers a set of guidelines for evaluating the propriety of proposed covert operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9JGNV2VK,1992-04-01,Loch K. Johnson,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T08:12:03Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.2307/2203235,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036461014,45.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036461014,2012.0,2026.0,1992.0,,20.0 2088,Covert Operations,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/covert-operations/053CA9E6004871F9698ED888738F1D5A,"As the Constitution begins its third century, the system of congressional oversight of covert action is only in its second decade. In the ancient history of covert action—before the intelligence oversight reforms of the 1970s—Congress did not involve itself in covert operations. After giving the Central Intelligence Agency standing authority to “perform such other functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security as the National Security Council may from time to time direct,” Congress paid little attention to what the Executive did under this authority. The era of congressional noninvolvement came to an end with the Watergate disclosures of intelligence activities that many Americans found reprehensible, the ensuing investigations into assassination attempts and other controversial covert actions, and the adoption of a new statutory framework for congressional oversight of the intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U87GDJU9,1989-10-01,Lori Fisler Damrosch,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T08:11:26Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.2307/2203368,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4237725208,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 2089,The United States and Allies Provide Military and Intelligence Support to Ukraine,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/united-states-and-allies-provide-military-and-intelligence-support-to-ukraine/A24F0AD8C1DDA181A56FCA1727DAFD02,//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS0002930022000318/resource/name/firstPage-S0002930022000318a.jpg,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A63XUIPV,2022-07-01,The American Society of International Law,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T07:45:03Z,"['UVSM9U3L', 'Y959U28A']",10.1017/ajil.2022.31,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4283582722,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4283582722,2023.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A24F0AD8C1DDA181A56FCA1727DAFD02/S0002930022000318a.pdf/div-class-title-the-united-states-and-allies-provide-military-and-intelligence-support-to-ukraine-div.pdf,1.0 2090,Time-Limited Provisions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Reauthorized Through 2023,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/timelimited-provisions-of-the-foreign-intelligence-surveillance-act-reauthorized-through-2023/6341DB33A5D5123EA7F5FFBD29F5CA21,"President Trump signed the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act on January 19, 2018, reauthorizing the mass surveillance provisions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) through December 31, 2023. The Act renewed Title VII of FISA and most notably its Section 702, which provides for the surveillance of foreign targets located outside the United States. The six-year reauthorization faced opposition from lawmakers and advocates concerned for Americans’ privacy interests, although Trump “would have preferred a permanent reauthorization of Title VII to protect the safety and security of the Nation.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HA6MWBLJ,2018-04-01,The American Society of International Law,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T08:01:43Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/ajil.2018.33,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4248125733,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 2091,Cooperation with international tribunals—binding orders directed at states and international organizations—intelligence information—national security interests—disclosure to defendants—fair trails,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/cooperation-with-international-tribunalsbinding-orders-directed-at-states-and-international-organizationsintelligence-informationnational-security-interestsdisclosure-to-defendantsfair-trails/374B421AD58BAA562EAEF31559A0CA68,"Prosecutor v. Milutinović et al., Case No. IT-05-87-AR108bis.2, Decision on Request of the United States of America for Review.Prosecutor v. Milutinović et al., Case No. IT-05-87-AR108bis.l, Decision on Request of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation for Review.International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Appeals Chamber, May 12 and May 15, 2006, respectively.In May 2006, the appeals chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) granted the requests of the United States (U.S. Review Decision) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (NATO Review Decision) and set aside the trial chamber's decision ordering the production of intercepted communications sought by defendant Dragolj ub Ojdanić. The appeals chamber held that Rule 54bis of the ICTY Rules of Procedure and Evidence does not require the possessor of intelligence information to produce that information when that state or international organization is not its owner or originator and that an order under Rule 54bis (“Orders Directed to States for the Production of Documents”) will not issue when a party refuses a state's cooperative efforts to provide information pursuant to Rule 70 (“Matters Not Subject to Disclosure”).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JTW7H2ZA,2007-01-01,"Daniel Bodansky, Jacob Katz Cogan",,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T08:07:58Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/S0002930000029626,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W144682299,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 2092,"International Criminal Court Prosecutor Recommends Investigation of Potential War Crimes in Afghanistan, Including Actions by U.S. Military and Central Intelligence Agency",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/international-criminal-court-prosecutor-recommends-investigation-of-potential-war-crimes-in-afghanistan-including-actions-by-us-military-and-central-intelligence-agency/81CDB033964D858CAEAA5D931BB9E3E7,"On November 14, 2016, the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the International Criminal Court (ICC) released its annual Report on Preliminary Examination Activities (the Report). The Report contained the OTP's updates on preliminary examinations of several situations, including in Afghanistan. Of particular note, the OTP announced that it had identified a reasonable basis to seek Pre-Trial Chamber authorization for an investigation into allegations of war crimes committed by the United States—primarily from 2003 to 2004, but in some cases as recently as December 2014.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5FMM7XXW,2017-04-01,The American Society of International Law,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T08:06:58Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/ajil.2017.4,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2763955189,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 2093,Second Circuit Recognizes Common Law Immunity of Former Senior Israeli Intelligence Official,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/second-circuit-recognizes-common-law-immunity-of-former-senior-israeli-intelligence-official/D8C74360E4FD49E8C6DC8D7823A98B93,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W6RCTJHY,2009-07-01,John R. Crook,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T08:06:28Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/S0002930000755217,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W116477537,0.0,False,,,,2009.0,, 2094,Alleged Syrian Agent Indicted for Gathering Information on U.S. Opponents of Syrian Government for Syrian Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/alleged-syrian-agent-indicted-for-gathering-information-on-us-opponents-of-syrian-government-for-syrian-intelligence/4CB7F141228C42DF6FFB6F82725D9754,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U4MQZ993,2012-01-01,John R. Crook,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T08:02:49Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.5305/amerjintelaw.106.1.0145,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2095,Sunken Soviet Submarines and Central Intelligence: Laws of Property and the Agency,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-journal-of-international-law/article/abs/sunken-soviet-submarines-and-central-intelligence-laws-of-property-and-the-agency/C7704A9FC9EFD5FE3FCAAA571BFCAEDA,"In a series of newspaper columns and stories beginning March 19, 1975 the American public was told apparently correctly about the partial success of the Central Intelligence Agency in raising a Soviet submarine, its equipment, and dead crew from the Pacific Ocean floor. The location of the pertinent activities was reported to be well beyond any state's claim to territorial waters, continental shelves, contiguous zones, or other asserted inhibiting zones. The CIA vessel, The Glomar Explorer, was disguised as a commercially operated oceanographic research vessel. No international legal implications seem to have been perceived by the newspapers in the American intelligence activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2LGXKXRA,1975-10-01,Alfred P. Rubin,,American Journal of International Law,2024-06-07T07:44:34Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/S0002930000246526,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2606818749,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2606818749,2013.0,2013.0,1975.0,,38.0 2096,Terror and Law – Is the German Legal System able to deal with Terrorism? – The Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice) decision in the case against El Motassadeq -,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/german-law-journal/article/terror-and-law-is-the-german-legal-system-able-to-deal-with-terrorism-the-bundesgerichtshof-federal-court-of-justice-decision-in-the-case-against-el-motassadeq/8ED05362257606435F06E85255677BFB,"Germany was the first country to open trial against a person who has allegedly participated in the 9/11 terror attack in the US. Shortly after September 2001 intelligence services in- and outside Germany concentrated on Hamburg as one of the places where the pilots and their supporters planned the attack. The Maroccan national Mounir El Motassadeq was the first who was arrested and charged by the General Federal Prosecutor with (1) abbeting murder in 3066 cases and (2) with being a member of a terrorist organisation . The trial took place before the Oberlandesgericht (Upper Regional Court – OLG) in Hamburg, where the accused resided at that time. He was sentenced by this Court in first instance to 15 years imprisonment – the first conviction for the 9/11 attack. The accused nevertheless appealed to the Bundesgerichtshof – BGH, Federal Court of Justice, and his conviction was quashed and a re-trial ordered at the Court in Hamburg. In reaction to the BGH's decision Motassadeq was released from detention pending trial on 8 April 2004. The accused now awaits his re-trial on conditional bail.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RUYC2KKZ,2004-05-01,Christoph J. M. Safferling,,German Law Journal,2024-06-07T07:18:44Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/S2071832200012669,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W211286114,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W211286114,2012.0,2012.0,2004.0,,8.0 2097,The Hamburg Terror Trials – American Political Poker and German Legal Procedure: An Unlikely Combination to Fight International Terrorism,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/german-law-journal/article/hamburg-terror-trials-american-political-poker-and-german-legal-procedure-an-unlikely-combination-to-fight-international-terrorism/0A815AD195191383F23C83C950D7B84F,"Recent German court decisions in the cases of Mzoudi and Motassadeq illustrate the dilemma of dealing with international terrorism in legal terms when politicians and intelligence services believe themselves to be above or beyond the law. These cases have already been discussed in a special edition of the German Law Journal. The focus in this article is to contextualise the outcome of these cases in the “war on terror” and to analyse legal retribution, vengeance and torture on a scale of possible ways to address mass violence. The escalation of Islamist fundamentalism has the potential to rock Western democracies in their very foundations. Counter terrorism-measures in stepping up security legislation is not dealt with as such here, neither is this a fully-fledged discussion of the law of peacekeeping and armed conflict with reference to “new terrorism”. The aim here is much more modest. It is a search for truth and ways out of a dead-lock.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F6KWZZRX,2004-07-01,Loammi Blaauw-Wolf,,German Law Journal,2024-06-07T07:18:02Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/S2071832200012864,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1561833365,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1561833365,2017.0,2023.0,2004.0,,13.0 2098,Germany's Federal Constitutional Court and the Regulation of GPS surveillance,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/german-law-journal/article/germanys-federal-constitutional-court-and-the-regulation-of-gps-surveillance/FA2FFE140A4118F40C612028A9FF7308,"In its recent decision of April 12, 2005, Germany's Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) addressed concerns that advances in the technologies of surveillance will erode fundamental rights. Though it rejected the petitioner's call to limit use of the Global Positioning System (“GPS”) to track the movements of suspects, the Court did warn that surveillance technologies working in tandem posed privacy risks that were greater than the sum of each one working alone. The Court required investigators from different agencies and states to coordinate their activities and disclose all ongoing surveillance when seeking judicial approval of additional methods and technologies. It likewise cautioned the Bundestag (German Federal Parliament) to monitor advances in surveillance technology and to develop new statutory safeguards that would protect personal data by limiting the use of more powerful innovations. Yet the Court's opinion left many questions unanswered. It did not explain how legislators or investigative agencies could avoid unnecessarily and intrusively multiplying the use of surveillance, given the overlapping jurisdiction of intelligence agencies with state and federal police. And insofar as the German Strafprozessordnung (Criminal Procedure Code – StPO) regulates only those modes of surveillance that produce criminal prosecutions, statutory suppression remedies have no clear impact on the investigative use of surveillance for purely preventive or intelligence-gathering purposes. My essay will explore the implications and limitations of the Court's opinion with an eye on analogous American law (introduced to gain a comparative perspective.)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EFZVLYZP,2005-12-01,Jacqueline E. Ross,,German Law Journal,2024-06-07T07:16:59Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/S2071832200004326,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2621772460,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2621772460,2012.0,2012.0,2005.0,,7.0 2099,Hidden Continuities?: The Avatars of “Judicial Lustration” in Post-Communist Romania,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/german-law-journal/article/hidden-continuities-the-avatars-of-judicial-lustration-in-postcommunist-romania/961071D8D8594C1684645D7B8FED0544,"This Article grapples with the instrumentalization of the past in Romania, in the specific context of “judicial lustration” measures. It argues that decommunization and lustration policies, which could not be pursued in the immediate aftermath of the collapse of state socialism in 1989, were weaponized much later and used in order to advance other purposes. In 2006, an expedited judicial vetting procedure, in the context of the EU-driven fight against corruption, was repurposed by the center-right as a lustration instrument. In the same year, the dismantling of an intelligence service created after 1991 in the Justice Ministry (SIPA) to monitor ‘vulnerabilities’ in the justice system has set in motion a long series of failed attempts to bring closure to the question regarding the service’s archives, fomenting continuities of suspicion until today. More recently, in 2018, a form of ‘mock-judicial lustration’ has been used by the political left to deflect or at least delegitimize repressive anti-corruption policies. The new “lustration procedure” implicitly equated the recent cooperation between prosecutors and intelligence officers, in the context of the fight against corruption, with past practices of collusion between the members of the judiciary and the communist Securitate. These three episodes of ‘dealing with the past’ are reviewed in order to showcase path-dependencies. Such path-dependencies are not linked only with carryovers from or throwbacks to the communist past. Rather, pre- and post-communist deficiencies of modernization, combined more recently with gaps in post-accession monitoring by the EU Commission, create continuities of peripheral instrumentalism. Various narratives, such as decommunization, the fight against graft, judicial reform and the rule of law are used to legitimize short-term consequentialism, evincing a resilient, structural resistance to legislative and legal normativity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TX73BW6Z,2021-10-01,Bogdan Iancu,,German Law Journal,2024-06-07T07:16:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/glj.2021.61,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3208339276,12.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3208339276,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/961071D8D8594C1684645D7B8FED0544/S2071832221000614a.pdf/div-class-title-hidden-continuities-the-avatars-of-judicial-lustration-in-post-communist-romania-div.pdf,1.0 2100,Trust and the Exchange of EU Classified Information: The Example of Absolute Originator Control Impeding Joint Parliamentary Scrutiny at Europol,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/german-law-journal/article/trust-and-the-exchange-of-eu-classified-information-the-example-of-absolute-originator-control-impeding-joint-parliamentary-scrutiny-at-europol/6E29270B3A5D67CED47E13DBAA7184E4,"The absolute implementation of the originator control principle (‘absolute originator control’) allows the EU Member States’ national intelligence services to block the access of the European Parliament to confidential information necessary for the effective exercise of joint parliamentary scrutiny at Europol. This research paper will demonstrate that this is a flawed practice in need of urgent reform, since it violates some of the basic tenets of EU constitutional law enshrined in Article 13 TEU and Article 9 TEU. This legal problem is reframed with the help of trust theory, which reveals that absolute originator control causes the Union to be confronted with a constitutional dilemma that is irresolvable in the EU legal order: the Union is revealed to be a trustee to two trustors – the EU Member States and the EU citizens; to protect the interests of one trustor, the Union would necessarily have to betray the trust of the other trustor.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L4CPEN4S,2024-02-01,Sofiya Kartalova,,German Law Journal,2024-06-06T22:31:51Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/glj.2023.104,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393988029,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393988029,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/6E29270B3A5D67CED47E13DBAA7184E4/S2071832223001049a.pdf/div-class-title-trust-and-the-exchange-of-eu-classified-information-the-example-of-absolute-originator-control-impeding-joint-parliamentary-scrutiny-at-europol-div.pdf,0.0 2101,Is It Time to Reform the Counter-terrorist Financing Reporting Obligations? On the EU and the UK System,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/german-law-journal/article/is-it-time-to-reform-the-counterterrorist-financing-reporting-obligations-on-the-eu-and-the-uk-system/1B2A95A3861C8123806A90C62009D5EB,"This Article critically considers the effectiveness of the European Union's (EU) counter-terrorist financing (CTF) strategies. In particular, it concentrates on the use of financial intelligence gathered from the submission of suspicious activity reports (SARs) by reporting entities to Member States Financial Intelligence Units (FIU). The Article identifies a series of weaknesses in the United Kingdom's (UK) reporting regime: Defensive reporting, increased compliance costs, and the definition of suspicion. It concludes by making a series of recommendations that are aimed at improving the effectiveness of the EU and UK CTF reporting obligations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4ESD98ZS,2018-10-01,Nicholas Ryder,,German Law Journal,2024-06-06T22:31:07Z,['UVSM9U3L'],10.1017/S2071832200022999,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2915708092,0.0,True,,,,2018.0,http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/38884/3/German%20Law%20Review%20%25282%2529.pdf, 2102,The Future of Europol's Parliamentary Oversight: A Great Leap Forward?,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/german-law-journal/article/future-of-europols-parliamentary-oversight-a-great-leap-forward/7E2EC47264F7E6887B609ECF2743CA29,"Secrecy profoundly challenges democratic oversight. Law enforcement cooperation, however, requires some space for discretion and confidentiality. This classical paradox within the context of the European Union is central in the current legislative debate on Europol's revision. The reform is initiated by the Commission's proposal in March 2013 and, for the first time in its history, the European Parliament has direct power to decide over the future of the intelligence agency.This article argues that we should not overestimate European Parliament's post-Lisbon prerogative for oversight, and particularly its access to Europol Classified Information, due to the architecture of intelligence exchange. The foundational principle of intelligence cooperation confers absolute discretion to the originators of information and Europol's “secrets” in almost all cases originate from the member states or third parties.The article offers a new legal and empirical perspective on the tensions of secrecy and oversight in the EU, and especially in the Area of Freedom Security and Justice. It discusses the internal information structure of Europol and suggests options for more plausible oversight arrangements.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/25P69NDJ,2014-10-01,Vigjilenca Abazi,,German Law Journal,2024-06-06T22:30:28Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/S2071832200019295,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2156322569,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2156322569,2013.0,2024.0,2014.0,https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/3f5865a6-0ced-42c6-9960-ec724e3faa6a,-1.0 2103,Strategic Surveillance and Extraterritorial Basic Rights Protection: German Intelligence Law After Snowden,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/german-law-journal/article/strategic-surveillance-and-extraterritorial-basic-rights-protection-german-intelligence-law-after-snowden/494F82EE78DCF2709B07A2B57D95454C,"This Article examines the statutory and constitutional legal framework governing the bulk collection of communication data by the German Federal Intelligence Service (Bundesnachrichtendienst, BND). German intelligence law distinguishes between certain categories of communications depending on the nationality and location of the participants. The provisions on the surveillance of foreigners abroad are far more permissive than those applying to the monitoring of communications that involve German nationals or foreigners in Germany. This differentiation is the consequence of a narrow interpretation by the German legislator of the personal and territorial scope of the right to privacy enshrined in Article 10 of the Basic Law. While there is no doubt that German nationals enjoy protection under Article 10 wherever their privacy is affected by the actions of the German State, current intelligence legislation is based on the understanding that foreigners are entitled to such protection only while staying in Germany. It will be argued that such discrimination is difficult to reconcile with German constitutional law because Article 10 protects every natural person without regard to nationality and because the Article's applicability is not limited to the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. This means that the BND is bound by Article 10 irrespective of whether its surveillance activities affect German nationals, foreigners in Germany, or foreigners abroad. Arguably, the level of protection in transnational constellations may be subject to certain modifications. But if basic rights protection is taken seriously, the existing fragmented legislation should be replaced by a uniform statutory regime for strategic surveillance of international communications that meets the minimum standards of Article 10 without bearing reference to a person's nationality or location.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5MSCGNKK,2018-07-01,Christian Schaller,,German Law Journal,2024-06-06T22:26:48Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'DVEM4H4W', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/S2071832200022926,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2922133551,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2922133551,2021.0,2025.0,2018.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/494F82EE78DCF2709B07A2B57D95454C/S2071832200022926a.pdf/div-class-title-strategic-surveillance-and-extraterritorial-basic-rights-protection-german-intelligence-law-after-snowden-div.pdf,3.0 2104,Consequences of the German Constitutional Court’s Ruling on Germany’s Foreign Intelligence Service: The Importance of Human Rights in the Cooperation of Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/german-law-journal/article/consequences-of-the-german-constitutional-courts-ruling-on-germanys-foreign-intelligence-service-the-importance-of-human-rights-in-the-cooperation-of-intelligence-services/658E5D35CF405593E93D09F59C8BFD40,"In 2020, Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court made a groundbreaking decision on foreign surveillance by the Federal Intelligence Service, the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND). The Court’s first central finding was that the protection of fundamental rights is not limited to German territory. In addition, the ruling declared unconstitutional the regulations governing the transfer of information to foreign intelligence services. The ruling will therefore also have consequences for the cooperation of intelligence services, making it relevant abroad as well. In the ruling, the Court focused primarily on the role of human rights and ruled that the BND must check whether its cooperation partners respect human rights. The German parliament was given the task of implementing the Court’s demands. The law adopted in response to the Court’s demands came into force at the start of 2022. This article analyzes the ruling and the new law, and addresses the question what concrete requirements must be placed on the BND’s cooperation with foreign intelligence services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S4AWWIJZ,2022-03-01,Katrin Kappler,,German Law Journal,2024-06-06T22:26:24Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'UVSM9U3L']",10.1017/glj.2022.12,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293097427,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293097427,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/658E5D35CF405593E93D09F59C8BFD40/S2071832222000128a.pdf/div-class-title-consequences-of-the-german-constitutional-court-s-ruling-on-germany-s-foreign-intelligence-service-the-importance-of-human-rights-in-the-cooperation-of-intelligence-services-div.pdf,2.0 2105,GCHQ release new details of spies role in D-Day,Blog post,https://www.gchq.gov.uk/news/gchq-release-new-details-of-spies-role-in-d-day,Details include top secret plans devised by James Bond author Ian Fleming,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3VLLQ6SW,2024-06-06,GCHQ,,,2024-06-06T22:24:08Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2106,"Michael Handel, October 7, and The Theory of Surprise",Blog post,https://www.militarystrategymagazine.com/article/michael-handel-october-7-and-the-theory-of-surprise/,"The Theory of Surprise, derived from Michael Handel’s work on intelligence, can explain the origins, course, and aftermath of the 7 October 2023 Hamas attack on Israel. Strategic surprise attack and associated intelligence-policy failure occurs when weak opponents use surprise to gain objectives that are impossible to attain when facing an alert, and militarily superior, opponent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NIVJ3ALT,2024-05-01,James J. Wirtz,,,2024-06-06T16:33:22Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2107,She Spied for Freedom - Mary Richards: A Black Civil War Agent,Book,https://www.fonthill.media/products/she-spied,"The first full-length biography of Mary Richards, a black Civil War hero who took her fight against slavery into the very heart of the Confederacy...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BV3JBAPH,2024-04-01,Margaret C. Jones,Fonthill Media,,2024-06-06T12:06:08Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2108,The Spies of Winter: The GCHQ codebreakers who fought the Cold War,Book,https://www2.quartoknows.com/books/9781781312988/The-Spies-of-Winter.html,"In 1945 the Second World War was over and a shattered world faced the future. For the men and women of the newly formed GCHQ, however, the next global conflict had already begun. Following on from the enormous success of his bestseller, The Secret Life of Bletchley Park, renowned author Sinclair McKay uncovers the story of what happened after the end of the Second World War Once victory was declared, many of the individuals who had achieved the seemingly impossible at Bletchley Park by cracking the impenetrable Enigma codes and giving the Allies an invaluable insight directly into the Nazi war machine, moved on to GCHQ. This was the British government’s new facility established to fight a different, but no less formidable foe – Stalin and the KGB. Fascinating and insightful revelations from deep within the archives of this secret organisation reveal the story of the tumultuous early years of GCHQ as it navigated its way through an era of double agents, deception and betrayals. From the defection of the Cambridge Five and the treachery of the atomic scientist Klaus Fuchs, to the collapse of the British Empire, the ascension of Chairman Mao and the emergence of the US as a superpower, McKay deftly explores the impact these events had on the fledgling organisation. During the years of the Cold War the men and women of GCHQ penetrated Soviet encryptions and gathered crucial intelligence from all over the world. The Spies of Winter tells the story of the codebreakers themselves and how they used new technology to expand the horizons of cryptography in order to defend the nation and maintain the fragile peace in a world now under the shadow of nuclear holocaust.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N48J453L,2017,Sinclair McKay,Aurum Press Ltd,,2024-06-04T16:48:25Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2109,The Secret State: A History of Intelligence and Espionage,Book,http://pegasusbooks.com/books/the-secret-state-9781681773025-hardcover,"A ground-breaking history of intelligence—from its classical origins to the onset of the surveillance state in the digital age—that lifts the veil of secrecy from this clandestine world. From the ancient Greek and Roman origins of human intelligence and its use in the Catholic church to Francis Walsingham's Elizabethan secret service to the birth of the surveillance state in today's digital hi-tech age, Colonel John Hughes-Wilson, author of the highly successful Military Intelligence Blunders, gives an extraordinarily broad and wide-reaching perspective on espionage and intelligence, providing an up-to-date analysis of its importance of intelligence and in the recent past. Drawing upon a variety of sources, ranging from first-hand accounts to his own personal experience, Hughes-Wilson covers everything from undercover agents to photographic reconnaissance to today's much misunderstood cyber welfare. Authoritative and analytical, Hughes-Wilson searches for hard answers and scrutinizes why crucial intelligence is so often ignored, misunderstood, or spun by politicians and seasoned generals alike. From yesterday's spies to tomorrow's cyber world, The Secret State is a fascinating and thought-provoking history of this ever-changing and ever-important subject. Colonel John Hughes-Wilson is one of Britain’s leading military historians and lectures for a number of international, governmental, and academic organizations. Hugh-Wilson’s previous works include Military Intelligence Blunders and A Brief History of the Cold War. He lives in Cyprus.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3VGHIJFL,2017-01-10,John Hughes-Wilson,Pegasus Books,,2024-06-04T16:45:36Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2110,The Stasi: Myth and Reality,Book,https://www.routledge.com/The-Stasi-Myth-and-Reality/Dennis-Laporte/p/book/9780582414228,"The East German Ministry of State Security, popularly known as the Stasi, was one of the largest and most intrusive secret police systems in world history. So extensive was the system of surveillance and control that in any given year throughout the 1970s and 1980s, about one in fifty of the 13 million East German adults were working for the Stasi either as an officer or as an informer. Drawing on original sources from the Stasi archives and the recollections of contemporary witnesses, The Stasi: Myth and Reality reveals the intricacies of the relationship between the Stasi enforcers, its agents and its targets/victims, and demonstrates how far the Stasi octopus extended its tentacles into people’s lives and all spheres of society. The origins and developments of this vast system of repression are examined, as well as the motivation of the informers and the ways in which they penetrated the niches of East German society. The final chapters assess the ministry’s failure to help overcome the GDR’s inherent structural defects and demonstrate how the Stasi’s bureaucratic procedures contributed to the implosion of the Communist system at the end of the 1980’s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3T26UCA3,2003-07-03,"Mike Dennis, Norman Laporte",Routledge,,2024-06-04T16:39:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2111,The Image of the Enemy: Intelligence Analysis of Adversaries since 1945,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/The-Image-of-the-Enemy,"Intelligence agencies spend huge sums of money to collect and analyze vast quantities of national security data for their political leaders. How well is this intelligence analyzed, how often is it acted on by policymakers, and does it have a positive or negative effect on decision making? Drawing on declassified documents, interviews with intelligence veterans and policymakers, and other sources, The Image of the Enemy breaks new ground as it examines how seven countries analyzed and used intelligence to shape their understanding of their main adversary. The cases in the book include the Soviet Union's analysis of the United States (and vice versa), East Germany's analysis of West Germany (and vice versa), British intelligence in the early years of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, Israeli intelligence about the Palestinians, Pakistani intelligence on India, and US intelligence about Islamist terrorists. These rivalries provide rich case studies for scholars and offer today’s analysts and policymakers the opportunity to closely evaluate past successes and failures in intelligence analysis and the best ways to give information support to policymakers. Using these lessons from the past, they can move forward to improve analysis of current adversaries and future threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QS5DRE7C,2015-11-01,Paul Maddrell,Georgetown University Press,,2024-06-04T16:37:06Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2112,"British signals intelligence in the trenches, 1915–1918: part 1, listening sets",Journal article,,"This article explores the development of signals intelligence within the trenches of the Western Front during the First World War. It explains how, using listening sets, the British belatedly imitated their ally and enemy by intercepting messages that had leaked from telephone lines or were transmitted through the ground. The rise and decline of this system is unpacked comprehensively and a fresh assessment is made regarding its military contribution. It concludes that previous interpretations are broadly correct, but they have underestimated the system’s influence and longevity. The article also clarifies how listening sets were used for eavesdropping on prisoners. © 2019, © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D8BGRQ2D,2020,"Jim Beach, James Bruce",,Journal of Intelligence History,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2019.1659580,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2972522870,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2972522870,2024.0,2025.0,2019.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2019.1659580?needAccess=true,5.0 2113,"Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs",Book,https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Operatives-Spies-and-Saboteurs/Patrick-K-ODonnell/9780743235747,"The first-ever full story of American sabotage operations in World War II, based on hundreds of revealing interviews. The battles of World War II were won not only by the soldiers on the front lines, and not only by the generals and admirals, but also by the shadow warriors whose work is captured for the first time in Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs. Thanks to the interviews and narrative skills of Patrick O'Donnell and to recent declassifications, an entire chapter of history can now be revealed. A hidden war—a war of espionage, intrigue, and sabotage—played out across the occupied territories of Europe, deep inside enemy lines. Supply lines were disrupted; crucial intelligence was obtained and relayed back to the Allies; resistance movements were organized. Sometimes, impromptu combat erupted; more often, the killing was silent and targeted. The full story of the Office of Strategic Services—OSS, precursor to the CIA—is a dramatic final chapter on one of history's most important conflicts. In a world made unrecognizable by the restrictions placed on the CIA today, OSS played fast and loose. Legendary chief ""Wild Bill"" Donovan created a formidable organization in short order, recruiting not only the best and brightest, but also the most fearless. His agents, both men and women, relied on guile, sex appeal, brains, and sheer guts to operate behind the lines, often in disguise, always in secret. Patrick O'Donnell has made it his life's mission to capture untold stories of World War II before the last of its veterans passes away. He has succeeded in extracting stories from the toughest of men, the most elite of soldiers, and, now, the most secretive of all: the men and women of OSS. From former CIA director William Colby, who parachuted into Norway to sever rail lines, to Virginia Hall, who disguised herself as a milkmaid, joined the French Resistance, and became one of Germany's most wanted figures, the stories of OSS are worthy of great fiction. Yet the stories in this book are all true, carefully verified by O'Donnell's painstaking research. The agents of OSS did not earn public acclaim. There were no highly publicized medal ceremonies. But the full story of OSS reveals crucial work in espionage and sabotage, work that paved the way for the Allied invasions and disrupted the Axis defenses. Operatives, Spies, and Saboteurs proves that the hidden war was among the most dramatic and important elements of World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4QIGCKU4,2014-10-28,Patrick K. O'Donnell,Simon & Schuster,,2024-06-04T15:10:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2114,Espionage and the Roots of the Cold War: The Conspiratorial Heritage,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Espionage-and-the-Roots-of-the-Cold-War-The-Conspiratorial-Heritage/McKnight/p/book/9781138011120,"From the 1930s to the 1950s a large number of left-wing men and women in the USA, Britain, Europe, Australia and Canada were recruited to the Soviet intelligence services. They were amateurs and the reason for their success is intriguing. Using Soviet archives, this work explores these successes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FTCCUXK6,2002,David McKnight,Routledge,,2024-06-04T15:07:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2115,A Brief History of the Spy: Modern Spying from the Cold War to the War on Terror,Book,https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/paul-simpson/a-brief-history-of-the-spy/9781780338910/,"From the end of the Second World War to the present day, the world has changed immeasurably. The art of spying has changed too, as spies have reacted to changing threats. Here you will find the fascinating stories of real-life spies, both famous and obscure, from either side of the Iron Curtain, along with previously secret details of War on Terror operations. Detailed stories of individual spies are set in the context of the development of the major espionage agencies, interspersed with anecdotes of gadgets, trickery, honeytraps and assassinations worthy of any fictional spy. A closing section examines the developing New Cold War, as Russia and the West confront each other once again.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A2B2P6RJ,2013-01-17,Paul Simpson,Hachette Books,,2024-06-04T14:01:55Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2116,Deception: The Untold Story of East-West Espionage Today,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/deception-9781408831038/,"From the capture of Sidney Reilly, the 'Ace of Spies', by Lenin's Bolsheviks in 1925, to the deportation from the USA of Anna Chapman, the 'Redhead under the Bed', in 2010, Kremlin and Western spymasters have battled for supremacy for nearly a century. In Deception Edward Lucas uncovers the real story of Chapman and her colleagues in Britain and America, unveiling their clandestine missions and the spy-hunt that led to their downfall. It reveals unknown triumphs and disasters of Western intelligence in the Cold War, providing the background to the new world of industrial and political espionage. To tell the story of post-Soviet espionage, Lucas draws on exclusive interviews with Russia's top NATO spy, Herman Simm, and unveils the horrific treatment of a Moscow lawyer who dared to challenge the ruling criminal syndicate there. Once the threat from Moscow was international communism; now it comes from the siloviki, Russia's ruthless 'men of power'.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VJ2DV4L7,2013-01-17,Edward Lucas,Bloomsbury,,2024-06-04T13:59:30Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2117,The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System,Book,https://press.umich.edu/Books/T/The-Information-Master,"When Louis XIV asked his minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert---the man who was to oversee the building of Versailles and the Royal Academy of Sciences, as well as the navy, the Paris police force, and French industry---to build a large-scale administrative government, Colbert created an unprecedented information system for political power. In The Information Master, Jacob Soll shows how the legacy of Colbert's encyclopedic tradition lies at the very center of the rise of the modern state and was a precursor to industrial intelligence and Internet search engines. Soll's innovative look at Colbert's rise to power argues that his practice of collecting knowledge originated from techniques of church scholarship and from Renaissance Italy, where merchants recognized the power to be gained from merging scholarship, finance, and library science. With his connection of interdisciplinary approaches---regarding accounting, state administration, archives, libraries, merchant techniques, ecclesiastical culture, policing, and humanist pedagogy---Soll has written an innovative book that will redefine not only the history of the reign of Louis XIV and information science but also the study of political and economic history. Jacket illustration: Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619–1683), Philippe de Champaigne, 1655, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of the Wildenstein Foundation, Inc., 1951 (51.34). Photograph © 2003 The Metropolitan Museum of Art.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9JG497FP,2010-02-01,Jacob Soll,University of Michigan Press,,2024-06-04T12:55:23Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2118,"Behind enemy lines: Gender, passing and the Special Operations Executive in the Second World War",Book,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9780719085093/behind-enemy-lines/,"Behind enemy lines is an examination of gender relations in wartime using the Special Operations Executive as a case study. Drawing on personal testimonies, in particular oral history and autobiography, as well as official records and film, it explores the extraordinary experiences of male and female agents who were recruited and trained by a British organisation and infiltrated into Nazi-Occupied France to encourage sabotage and subversion during the Second World War. With its original interpretation of a wealth of primary sources, it examines how these ordinary, law-abiding civilians were transformed into para-military secret agents, equipped with silent killing techniques and trained in unarmed combat. This fascinating, timely and engaging book is concerned with the ways in which the SOE veterans reconstruct their wartime experiences of recruitment, training, clandestine work and for some, their captivity, focusing specifically upon the significance of gender and their attempts to pass as French civilians. This examination of the agents of an officially-sponsored insurgent organisation makes a major contribution to British socio-cultural history, war studies and gender studies and will appeal to both the general reader, as well as to those in the academic community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HEQBRVAJ,2011-04-01,Juliette Pattinson,Manchester University Press,,2024-06-04T12:53:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2119,Twentieth-Century Spies,Book,https://summersdale.com/titles/neil-root/twentieth-century-spies/9780857653314/,"Political idealism? Financial reward? The thrill of the chase? What drives a person to risk their life by entering the deadly world of high-level espionage? A unique investigation of the most important cases of the twentieth century, this exploration of the world’s most glamorous and dangerous job – including information newly released under the Freedom of Information Act – will keep you enthralled until the last page. Find out the dark secrets of: • Sidney Reilly, considered by many to be the greatest spy of the century and an inspiration for Ian Fleming’s James Bond • The ‘Atom Bomb’ spy Klaus Fuchs, who gave the Russians atomic capability • George Blake, who betrayed over forty British agents, and is still alive in Moscow • The Cambridge Spies, the double agents who did more damage to British intelligence in the twentieth century than any other group Neil Root’s insightful book focuses on the personalities of these enigmatic figures, discusses their motivations and influences, and asks whether they were heroes, traitors or just scapegoats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H3F8KPQB,2010-03-01,Neil Root,Hachette Books,,2024-06-04T12:49:33Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2120,Spies of the First World War: Under Cover for King and Kaiser,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/spies-of-the-first-world-war-9781905615469/,"Best-selling author James Morton tells the story of organized espionage in Britain from spy fever early in the 20th century to the end of the First World War and the rise of air intelligence. He introduces us to a world of colorful characters and dark underhand dealing in which spies, male and female, driven by love, money, patriotism or a mix of all of them, struggled to survive. The first English officer spies are featured alongside their frequently flamboyant French, Belgium and German counterparts - from the hunchback dentist Wilhelm Klauer to the 'Grande (and lesser) horizontales' such as Mata Hari. So too are their controllers such as authors John Buchan and Somerset Maugham and men like Richard Tinsley who oversaw a network of some 2000 spies from Holland. As professionalism grew great successes emerged - not least the deciphering of the intercepted Zimmerman telegram - along with notable failures. Morton tackles both in a meticulously researched narrative that balances the history of espionage with the human stories of individuals and tales of heroism with cowardice, incompetence and betrayal.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GBW7SETH,2010-05-17,James Morton,Bloomsbury,,2024-06-04T12:47:04Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2121,The National Archives - Secrets and spies of the First World War,Blog post,https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/secrets-spies-first-world-war/,"What do socks, exotic dancers and scouts have in common? The answer is that they all appear in the 150 top secret MI5 files of the First World War made available online by The National Archives for the first time yesterday. These files, which are part of the wider KV 2 series of personal files, […]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FH4CG46X,2014-04-11T11:35:16+00:00,Rebecca Simpson,,,2024-06-04T12:45:42Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2122,Snitch! A History of the Modern Intelligence Informer,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/snitch-9781441190079/,"Snitch! offers a vivid account of how some citizens actively assist state surveillance by ""informing"" on others.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R2Q3PJTL,2010-04-01,Steve Hewitt,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-06-04T12:43:55Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2123,Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America,Book,https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300164381/spies,"This stunning book, based on KGB archives that have never come to light before, provides the most complete account of Soviet espionage in America ever written. In 1993, former KGB officer Alexander Vassiliev was permitted unique access to Stalin-era records of Soviet intelligence operations against the United States. Years later, living in Britain, Vassiliev retrieved his extensive notebooks of transcribed documents from Moscow. With these notebooks John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr have meticulously constructed a new, sometimes shocking, historical account. Along with general insights into espionage tactics and the motives of Americans who spied for Stalin, Spies resolves specific, long-seething controversies. The book confirms, among many other things, that Alger Hiss cooperated with Soviet intelligence over a long period of years, that journalist I. F. Stone worked on behalf of the KGB in the 1930s, and that Robert Oppenheimer was never recruited by Soviet intelligence. Spies also uncovers numerous American spies who were never even under suspicion and satisfyingly identifies the last unaccounted for American nuclear spies. Vassiliev tells the story of the notebooks and his own extraordinary life in a gripping introduction to the volume.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A7CALPIU,2010-02-23,"John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr, Alexander Vassiliev",Yale University Press,,2024-06-04T12:37:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2124,"“Alan Turing: Codebreaker, Visionary, Enigma” – with Andrew Hodges",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/636/notes,Andrew Hodges joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the life and work of Alan Turing. Andrew is an emeritus senior research fellow of mathematics at the University of Oxford.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2DQDJRU,2024-06-04,Andrew Hodges,,,2024-06-04T12:34:15Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2125,Castles Made of Sand: A Century of Anglo-American Espionage and Intervention in the Middle East,Book,https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780312355692/castlesmadeofsand,"With roots in imperialism and the nineteenth-century mindset of the ""Great Game,"" Western nations have waged an intricate spy game this past century to establish control over the Middle East, secure access to key resources and regions of commerce, and prevent the spread of Soviet communism into the region. From the Suez Canal to the former Ottoman Empire, British and American intelligence communities have conspired to topple regimes and initiate Muslim leaders as pawns in a geopolitical chess game fought against Marxist expansion. Yet while the Iron Curtain was doomed to fall near the end of the twentieth century, this pattern of tunnel vision has created a different monster. The resulting resurgence of Muslim radicalism, and the induction of Arabs and other Muslims into the dark arts of espionage and sabotage, have only served to fan the flames in an already incendiary region and deepen the tensions between the Middle East and the West today. An authority on international studies and the history of guerilla warfare, André Gerolymatos offers the contemporary reader insight into the intelligence game that is still waged internationally with lethal intent, and into the Middle Eastern terrorist networks that had evolved over the decades. In this definitive account of covert operations in the Middle East, the author brings to life the extraordinary men and women whose successes and failures have shaped relations, and he reveals how the explosive nature of the region today has direct roots in the history of American and Western intervention.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZPWVLKJG,2010-11-23,Andre Gerolymatos,Macmillan,,2024-06-04T12:32:38Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2126,SS Intelligence: The Nazi Secret Service,Book,https://www.google.co.uk/books?id=IZoiAQAAIAAJ,"""In the early thirties Hitler concluded that to achieve his ambitions of power in Europe, absolute control must be established within Germany. He entrusted this task to Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS, who decided that he needed a small intelligence unit within the SS to monitor Nazi Party members and also anti-Nazi factions. The Nazi SS Security Service, the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) was formed for that purpose. It was created by Reinhard Heydrich and under his dedicated, methodical and ruthless hand it grew into one of the most professional and dangerous espionage services in the world. SS Intelligence traces its early beginnings, its struggle against underfunding and the rival organisations--to its triumphs across Europe, including the successful operation of spies in Allied countries. Of particular interest is a series of events that took place in the late summer of 1940 when the exiled Duke of Windsor and Wallis Simpson were targeted by Hitler as potential allies in his battle to overcome Britain's determination to fight. An elaborate plan was hatched to snatch the ex-royal couple from Portugal before they departed by sea across the Atlantic. It is a fascinating episode involving Hitler's agents, Spain, Portugal, Churchill and the British Secret Service. This book reveals many new facts and gives insights that will fascinate every student of Hitler's Third Reich--and the spying game.""--Dust jacket.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ALPJ47FK,2000,Edmund L. Blandford,Airlife,,2024-06-04T12:28:37Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2127,US intelligence agencies' embrace of generative AI is at once wary and urgent,Newspaper article,https://apnews.com/article/us-intelligence-services-ai-models-9471e8c5703306eb29f6c971b6923187,"U.S. intelligence agencies are scrambling to embrace the AI revolution, believing they’ll otherwise be smothered by an avalanche of data as surveillance tech further blankets the planet.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P6FYLUUJ,2024-05-23T09:18:39,Frank Bajak,,AP News,2024-06-04T11:20:46Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2128,"The Dangerous Trade: Spies, Spymasters and the Making of Europe",Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-the-dangerous-trade.html,"This book is about the secret history of Europe. Drawing on the latest research by experts in the field, it opens up the hidden world of the Dangerous Trade: the spying and secret operations that made and broke European nations between 1500 and 1800. Espionage, blackmail and bribery were the Trade's regular tools; assassination, provoking civil war and black propaganda were the ones used for 'special' occasions. But who were the practitioners of these dark arts? How were they recruited? What did they achieve? By exploring the lives of spies and secret agents such as Giacomo Casanova, Nathaniel Hooke, Melchor de Macanaz and many more, the book reveals the unknown story that underlies the making of modern Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BUN5FPKQ,2010-09-01,Daniel Szechi,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-06-04T08:18:16Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2129,Spies in Arabia: The Great War and the Cultural Foundations of Britain's Covert Empire in the Middle East,Book,,"At the start of the twentieth century, British intelligence agents began to venture in increasing numbers to the Arab lands of the Ottoman Empire, drawn by the twin objectives of securing the route to India and finding adventure and spiritualism in an antique land. But these competing objectives created a dilemma: how were they to discreetly and patriotically gather facts in a region they were drawn to for its legendary inscrutability and promise of fame and escape from Britain? Spies in Arabia tracks the intelligence community's tactical grappling with this dilemma and its myriad cultural, institutional, and political consequences during and after the Great War. Arguing that violence and culture were more closely allied in imperial rule than has been recognized, it tells the story of an imperial state dependent on equivocal agents groping through a fog of cultural notions and an interfering mass democracy towards a new style of ""covert empire"" centered on a brutal aerial surveillance regime in Iraq. Drawing on a wealth of archival sources - from the fictional to the recently declassified - it explains how Britons reconciled genuine ethical scruples with the actual violence of their Middle Eastern empire - how imperialism was made fit for an increasingly democratic and anti-imperial world. In doing so, it offers the first cultural history of Britain's Middle Eastern empire, anchored in a radically new interpretation of the institutions and practices of intelligence-gathering and the state. The result is a new understanding of the military, cultural, and political legacies of the Great War and of the British empire in the twentieth century. Unpacking the romantic fascination with ""Arabia"" as the land of espionage, Spies in Arabia presents a start tale of poetic ambition, war, terror, and failed redemption - and the prehistory of our present discontents. At the start of the twentieth century, British intelligence agents began to venture in increasing numbers to the Arab lands of the Ottoman Empire, drawn by the twin objectives of securing the route to India and finding adventure and spiritualism in an antique land. But these competing objectives created a dilemma: how were they to discreetly and patriotically gather facts in a region they were drawn to for its legendary inscrutability and promise of fame and escape from Britain? Spies in Arabia tracks the intelligence community's tactical grappling with this dilemma and its myriad cultural, institutional, and political consequences during and after the Great War. Arguing that violence and culture were more closely allied in imperial rule than has been recognized, it tells the story of an imperial state dependent on equivocal agents groping through a fog of cultural notions and an interfering mass democracy towards a new style of ""covert empire"" centered on a brutal aerial surveillance regime in Iraq. Drawing on a wealth of archival sources - from the fictional to the recently declassified - it explains how Britons reconciled genuine ethical scruples with the actual violence of their Middle Eastern empire - how imperialism was made fit for an increasingly democratic and anti-imperial world. In doing so, it offers the first cultural history of Britain's Middle Eastern empire, anchored in a radically new interpretation of the institutions and practices of intelligence-gathering and the state. The result is a new understanding of the military, cultural, and political legacies of the Great War and of the British empire in the twentieth century. Unpacking the romantic fascination with ""Arabia"" as the land of espionage, Spies in Arabia presents a start tale of poetic ambition, war, terror, and failed redemption - and the prehistory of our present discontents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6QJ7FNSJ,2008-04-17,Priya Satia,Oxford University Press,,2024-06-03T22:29:22Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2130,Empires of Intelligence: Security Services and Colonial Disorder after 1914,Book,https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/15800,"Abstract. How did Great Britain and France, the largest imperial powers of the early twentieth century, cope with mounting anti-colonial nationalism in the Arab",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NK4IDIL3,2007-09-10,Martin Thomas,University of California Press,,2024-01-07T19:37:51Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1525/california/9780520251175.001.0001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1531408214,103.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1531408214,2012.0,2025.0,2007.0,,5.0 2131,Enhancing Cyber Security and Counterintelligence in the Shipping Industry,Journal article,https://www.nsf-journal.hr/online-issues/focus/id/1500,"The contemporary cyber threat landscape presents a complex tapestry of challenges, featuring diverse actors ranging from non-state entities like organized crime syndicates and terrorist organizations to state-sponsored operatives affiliated with nations such as China, Russia, and Iran. Motivations driving these actors span from financial gain to ideological pursuits and geopolitical objectives, resulting in a wide range of cyber operations aimed at individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide. These high-profile incidents underscore the disruptive potential, and strategic implications need of a comprehensive Shipping Industry's Cyber Counterintelligence approach, to safeguard critical assets and operations in an increasingly digitized environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P6JDGUF3,2024-04-10,Anastasios-Nikolaos Kanellopoulos,,National Security and the Future,2024-04-15T07:47:27Z,"['8XXD789V', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.37458/nstf.25.1.6,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4394961407,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4394961407,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://doi.org/10.37458/nstf.25.1.6,1.0 2132,The Elizabethan Secret Services,Book,https://thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/the-elizabethan-secret-services/,"The England of Elizabeth was a nation under threat, both from factions within and great powers without. Opposition to the Protestant establishment meant that the queen and her court constantly believe themselves menaces by subterfuge and plots. In this fragile climate, spies and spy networks were of cardinal importance. This is an unrivalled and impeccably detailed account of the 'secret services' operated by the great men of Elizabethan England. By stealthy efforts at home and abroad the Elizabethan spy clusters became forces to be feared. Kidnapping, surveillance, conspiracy, counter-espionage, theft and lying were just a few of the methods employed to defeat the ever-present threat of regicide. This book challenges many stale notions about espionage in Renaissance England and presents complex material in an absorbing way, so that the reign of Elizabeth I is shown in a compellingly new and bold light.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AWNXQRYL,2009-05-29,Allan Haynes,The History Press,,2024-06-03T22:27:13Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2133,Seduced by Secrets: Inside the Stasi's Spy-Tech World,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/us/universitypress/subjects/history/twentieth-century-european-history/seduced-secrets-inside-stasis-spy-tech-world?format=HB&isbn=9780521887472,"More fascinating than fiction, Seduced by Secrets takes the reader inside the real world of one of the most effective and feared spy agencies in history. The book reveals, for the first time, the secret technical methods and sources of the Stasi (East German Ministry for State Security) as it stole secrets from abroad and developed gadgets at home, employing universal, highly guarded techniques often used by other spy and security agencies. Seduced by Secrets draws on secret files from the Stasi archives, including CIA-acquired material, interviews and friendships, court documents, and unusual visits to spy sites, including ""breaking into"" a prison, to demonstrate that the Stasi overestimated the power of secrets to solve problems and created an insular spy culture more intent on securing its power than protecting national security. It recreates the Stasi's secret world of technology through biographies of agents, defectors, and officers and by visualizing James Bond–like techniques and gadgets. In this highly original book, Kristie Macrakis adds a new dimension to our understanding of the East German Ministry for State Security by bringing the topic into the realm of espionage history and exiting the political domain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V7YQWFFW,2008-03-01,Kristie Macrakis,Cambridge University Press,,2024-06-03T22:25:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2134,"The Enemy Within: A History of Spies, Spymasters and Espionage",Book,https://www.ospreypublishing.com/uk/enemy-within-9781780962245/,"Separating myth from reality, The Enemy Within traces the history of espionage from its development in ancient times through to the end of the Cold War and beyond. This detailed account delves into the murky depths of the realm of spymasters and their spies, revealing many amazing and often bizarre stories along the way, shedding light on the clandestine activities that have so often tipped the balance in times of war. From the monkey hanged as a spy during the Napoleonic wars to the British Double Cross Committee in World War II, this journey through the history of espionage shows us that no two spies are alike and their fascinating stories are fraught with danger and intrigue.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PAMWS27X,2011-12-20,Terry Crowdy,Osprey Publishing,,2024-06-03T22:24:09Z,"['8XA7D88D', '9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2135,"Spying for Empire: The Great Game in Central and South Asia, 1757-1947",Book,https://www.google.co.uk/books?id=SvVtAAAAMAAJ,"'The Great Game' was the struggle between Russia and Britain for imperial influence over southern and central Asia, immortalized by Rudyard Kipling in his novel Kim. For the British, the threat to India's frontiers compelled them to dispatch diplomats, or more clandestine agents, to survey, map and monitor the approaches to the Indian subcontinent. Anxieties about Russian ambitions in central Asia were magnified by the discovery of military plans and the arrival of 'shooting parties' and 'scientific explorers' on the mountains adjacent to India's northern border. The British faced major problems compounded by the unresolved status of Afghanistan, the interception of agents, and the division of opinion in British military and political circles about the real or imagined nature of the Russian threat to India. The situation was further complicated by the instability of the Indian border area, a region through which British and Indian troops would need to operate in wartime, but which was inhabited by bellicose tribesmen who fought the imposition of British rule every step of the way. Spying for Empire gives a fascinating insight into how the British intelligence network worked in the 1800s. It also examines how the intractability of Afghanistan plagued imperial defense planners, and how the threat of conflict with Russia colored Britain's dealings with the peoples of south-west Asia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AC2YDUTA,2006,Robert Johnson,Greenhill Books,,2024-06-03T22:20:05Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'DS3WDJUS', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2136,Hezekiah and the Assyrian Spies: Reconstruction of the Neo-Assyrian Intelligence Services and Its Significance for 2 Kings 18-19,Book,https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/_/f6Bx0AEACAAJ?hl=en,"Among the well-preserved ancient archives in Niniveh and Nimrud there are many cuneiform tablets which reveal the existence of secret service networks used by the Assyrian court to communicate with provincial officials during the 8th and the 7th century B.C. Using this vast material the author shows in great detail how the Assyrians collected, transmitted, and double-checked sensitive information. This study also includes an in-depth analysis of the activities of the Assyrian espionage involved in Sennacherib's invasion of Judah described in 2 Kgs 18-19. This fascinating book casts new light on the political situation and intrigues reflected in the biblical passage. Peter Dubovsky studied biblical exegesis at the Pontifical Biblical Institute (SSL., 1999) and at Harvard Divinity School (Th. D., 2005). Currently he teaches old testament exegesis and hebrew at the Theological Faculty of Trnava University in Bratislava.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HJIP8JBI,2006,Peter Dubovský,Pontificio Istituto biblico,,2024-06-03T22:18:48Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2137,The New Spymasters: Inside Espionage from the Cold War to Global Terror,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/56346/the-new-spymasters-by-grey-stephen/9780141033983,"Spying has changed. In this era of email intercepts and drone strikes, spooks are expected to uncover plots buried in mountains of data. Yet this makes the need for trained field operatives who can verify facts and uncover secrets more acute than ever. The human factor endures. In The New Spymasters, the first real account of how modern espionage works, we follow riveting stories of dramatic missions and the larger-than-life characters who undertook them. These were moments when success - and ultimately life or death - depended on whether the right person was in the right place... at exactly the right time.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VFUA6L2D,2016-02-04,Stephen Grey,Penguin,,2024-06-03T22:15:23Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2138,Intelligence Wars: American Secret History from Hitler to Al-Qaeda,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bruIAAAAMAAJ,"These essays about U.S. intelligence services, from Thomas Powers -- acknowledged secret intelligence authority and Pulitzer-Prize-winning journalist -- trace a history of brilliant successes, ghastly failures, and gripping uncertainties. They range from the exploits of Wild Bill Donovan during World War II, to the CIAs elaborate cold war struggles with the KGB, to debates about the role of secret intelligence in the postcold war world. Here too are analyses of the Bay of Pigs fiasco and the Kennedy assassination, William Caseys years as CIA director under Ronald Reagan, the Aldrich Ames scandal, and such urgent contemporary issues as whether the CIA is up to the challenge of defending America against terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UIMWKNIN,2002,Thomas Powers,New York Review Books,,2024-06-03T22:13:22Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2139,Inventing Public Diplomacy: The Story of the U.S. Information Agency,Book,https://www.rienner.com/title/Inventing_Public_Diplomacy_The_Story_of_the_U_S_Information_Agency,"Public diplomacy—the uncertain art of winning public support abroad for one's government and its foreign policies—constitutes a critical instrument of U.S. policy in the wake of the Bush administration's recent military interventions and its renunciation of widely accepted international accords. Wilson Dizard Jr. offers the first comprehensive account of public diplomacy's evolution within the U.S. foreign policy establishment, ranging from World War II to the present. Dizard focuses on the U. S. Information Agency and its precursor, the Office of War Information. Tracing the political ups and downs determining the agency's trajectory, he highlights its instrumental role in creating the policy and programs underpinning today's public diplomacy, as well as the people involved. The USIA was shut down in 1999, but it left an important legacy of what works—and what doesn't—in presenting U.S. policies and values to the rest of the world. Inventing Public Diplomacy is an unparalleled history of U.S. efforts at organized international propaganda.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IESCA737,2004-01-01,Wilson P. Dizard,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-06-03T22:10:21Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2140,Diplomacy and Intelligence During the Second World War: Essays in Honour of F. H. Hinsley,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-british-history/diplomacy-and-intelligence-during-second-world-war-essays-honour-f-h-hinsley,"This collection of specially commissioned essays has been assembled as a tribute to Professor F. H. Hinsley, the foremost historian of British wartime intelligence. Strategic topics include the rapid collapse of France in 1940, Britain's response to it, and Russia's demand for a second front in Europe after she entered the war in 1941. Major diplomatic problems are also considered: the management of the British Foreign Office during the period of appeasement, how to prevent Franco's Spain from joining the Axis, how to handle the situation in Yugoslavia following Tito's successes with the Partisans, and Roosevelt's doctrine of 'unconditional surrender'. The book concludes with an assessment of the case against Germany over the invasion of Norway as it came before the Nuremberg Tribunal.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GILHL5RY,2004-01-01,Richard Langhorne,Cambridge University Press,,2024-02-27T23:30:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2141,Spy Dust: Two Masters of Disguise Reveal the Tools and Operations That Helped Win the Cold War,Book,https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Spy-Dust/Antonio-Mendez/9780743428538,"From the author of the Golden Globe winner and Oscar nominated Argo, a true-life thriller set against the backdrop of the Cold War, which unveils the life of an American spy from the inside and dramatically reveals how the CIA reestablished the upper hand over the KGB in the intelligence war. From the author of the Golden Globe winner and Academy Award winner Argo... Moscow, 1988. The twilight of the Cold War. The KGB is at its most ruthless, and has now indisputably gained the upper hand over the CIA in the intelligence war. But no one knows how. Ten CIA agents and double-agents have gone missing in the last three years. They have either been executed or they are unaccounted for. At Langley, several theories circulate as to how the KGB seems suddenly to have become telepathic, predicting the CIA's every move. Some blame the defection of Edward Lee Howard three years before, and suspect that there are more high-placed moles to be unearthed. Others speculate that the KGB's surveillance successes have been heightened by the invention of an invisible electromagnetic powder that allows them to keep tabs on anyone who touches it: spy dust. CIA officers Tony Mendez and Jonna Goeser come together to head up a team of technical wizards and operational specialists, determined to solve the mystery that threatens to overshadow the Cold War's final act. Working against known and unknown hostile forces, as well as some unfriendly elements within the CIA, they devise controversial new operational methods and techniques to foil the KGB, and show the extraordinary lengths that US intelligence is willing to go to protect a source, then rescue him when his world starts to collapse. At the same time, Tony and Jonna find themselves falling deeply in love. During a fascinating odyssey that began in Indochina fifteen years before and ends in a breathtakingly daring operation in the heart of the Kremlin's Palace of Congresses, Spy Dust catapults the reader from the Hindu Kush to Hollywood, from Havana to Moscow, but cannot truly conclude until its protagonists are safely wedded in rural Maryland.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5NEHQ4E6,2003-09-01,"Antonio Mendez, Jonna Mendez, Bruce Henderson",Simon & Schuster,,2024-06-03T22:05:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2142,The Women Who Lived for Danger: Behind Enemy Lines During WWII,Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-women-who-lived-for-danger-marcus-binney,"""They flirted with men, and with death."" In The Women Who Lived for Danger, acclaimed historian Marcus Binney recounts the story of ten remarkable women -- some famous, some virtually unknown -- recruited to work behind enemy lines as secret agents during WWII. Part of Winston Churchill's Special Operations Executive, formed in 1940 to ""set Europe ablaze,"" the women of the SOE were trained to handle guns and explosives, work undercover, endure interrogation by the Gestapo, and use complex codes. Once in enemy territory, theirs was the most dangerous war of all, leading an apparently normal civilian life but in constant danger of arrest and execution. Passing themselves off as country wenches by afternoon and chic Parisiennes by night, these women put service to Britain and the Allied forces above all concerns for personal safety -- they organized dropping grounds for arms and explosives destined for the Resistance, helped operate escape lines for airmen who had been shot down over Europe, and provided Allied Command with vital intelligence. The exploits of those chronicled in The Women Who Lived for Danger form a new chapter of heroism in the history of warfare matched only by their legacy of daring, determination, resourcefulness, and ability to stay cool in the face of extreme danger.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UZGACARY,2004-10-05,Marcus Binney,Harper Collins Publishers,,2024-06-03T22:03:17Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2143,By Way of Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nKJBF8RS2LMC,"The first time the Mossad came calling, they wanted Victor Ostrovsky for their assassination unit, the kidon. He turned them down. The next time, he agreed to enter the grueling three-year training program to become a katsa, or intelligence case officer, for the legendary Israeli spy organization. By Way of Deception is the explosive chronicle of his experiences in the Mossad, and of two decades of their frightening and often ruthless covert activities around the world. Penetrating far deeper than the bestselling Every Spy a Prince, it is an insider's account of Mossad tactics and exploits. In chilling detail, Ostrovsky asserts that the Mossad refused to share critical knowledge of a planned suicide mission in Beirut, leading to the death of hundreds of U.S. Marines and French troops. He tells how they tracked Yasser Arafat by recruiting his driver and bodyguard; how they withheld information on the whereabouts of American hostages, paving the way for the Iran-Contra scandal; and how their intervention into secret UN negotiations led to the sudden resignation of ambassador Andrew Young and the downfall of his career. By Way of Deception describes the shocking scope and depth of the Mossad's influence, disclosing how Jewish communities in the U.S., Europe, and South America are armed and trained by the organization in secret ?self-defense? units, and how Mossad agents facilitate the drug trade in order to pay the enormous costs of its far-flung, clandestine operation. And it portrays a network that has grown dangerously out of control, as internal squabbles have led to the escape of terrorists and the pursuit of ?policies? completely at odds with the interests of the state of Israel. This document is possibly the most important and controversial book of its kind since Spycatcher.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XGXXMLXB,1991-06-15,"Victor Ostrovsky, Claire Hoy",St. Martin's Press,,2024-06-03T22:00:55Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2144,Bibliography On Soviet Intelligence And Security Services,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Bibliography-On-Soviet-Intelligence-And-Security-Services/Rocca/p/book/9780367157777,"This annotated bibliography is a valuable tool for research and teaching on Soviet intelligence and security services and its role in the country's domestic and international affairs. It categorizes nearly 500 books, articles, and government documents pertaining to Soviet intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RTRWK5WW,1985,Raymond G. Rocca,Routledge,,2024-06-03T21:55:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2145,Intelligence and Security Oversight: An Annotated Bibliography and Comparative Analysis,Book,http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-30252-2,"This book presents a comprehensive source document on intelligence and security oversight and review. It compares the oversight arrangements found in nine countries—New Zealand, Australia, Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, Norway and South Africa. This is done through an analysis of a wide range of areas including statutory basis, agencies overseen, membership, tenure, appointment/dismissal, mandate, powers, access to classified information, complaints function, reporting and, in the case of parliamentary committees, the frequency of meetings. Within an annotated bibliography section Richardson and Gilmour also provide detailed summaries of other relevant research and commentary aligned with oversight and review practices. Intelligence and Security Oversight: An Annotated Bibliography and Comparative Analysis comprehensively demonstrates the powers and limitations placed with,and on, oversight bodies, appealing to academics, researchers and practitioners in the intelligence and security environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9MLYE7X4,2016,"Sophie Richardson, Nicholas Gilmour",Springer International Publishing,,2024-06-03T21:54:36Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1007/978-3-319-30252-2,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2504588408,0.0,False,,,,2016.0,, 2146,"UK's MI6 recruited Chinese state workers as spies, says China",Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd11364g90mo,"Beijing says the UK's MI6 took advantage of Mr Wang's ""strong desire for money"".",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XZNRMTQI,2024-06-03,Kelly Ng,,BBC News,2024-06-03T20:26:39Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2147,Codebreakers: The Inside Story of Bletchley Park,Book,,"This is a colourful and authentic account of daily life and work at Government Communications Headquarters, Bletchley Park, the most successful intelligence agency in history. By 1942 the codebreakers of Bletchley Park and its out-stations were breaking some 4,000 German signals a day, and almost as many from Italy and Japan, eavesdropping on enemy communications up to the highest levels of command. Their colleagues used these decrypts to produce Ultra intelligence which gave a detailed, accurate, and up-to-date picture of enemy strengths, weaknesses, and intentions. The codebreakers' contribution to the war effort was invaluable: Churchill described them as the `secret weapon' that `won the war'. For the first time a group of the men and women who worked on this top-secret enterprise have combined to write their story in full. Here, they vividly describe their recruitment and training, their feelings and activities, and recall in detail their successes and failures. , This is a colourful and authentic account of daily life and work at Government Communications Headquarters, Bletchley Park, the most successful intelligence agency in history. By 1942 the codebreakers of Bletchley Park and its out-stations were breaking some 4,000 German signals a day, and almost as many from Italy and Japan, eavesdropping on enemy communications up to the highest levels of command. Their colleagues used these decrypts to produce Ultra intelligence which gave a detailed, accurate, and up-to-date picture of enemy strengths, weaknesses, and intentions. The codebreakers' contribution to the war effort was invaluable: Churchill described them as the `secret weapon' that `won the war'. For the first time a group of the men and women who worked on this top-secret enterprise have combined to write their story in full. Here, they vividly describe their recruitment and training, their feelings and activities, and recall in detail their successes and failures.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EE3XHI5B,1993-08-26,"F. H. Hinsley, Alan Stripp",Oxford University Press,,2024-06-03T20:24:28Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2148,British Intelligence in the Second World War: Volume 4. Security and Counter-Intelligence,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/gb/universitypress/subjects/history/twentieth-century-british-history/british-intelligence-second-world-war-volume-4,"The first three volumes of the series dealt with the influence of intelligence on strategy and operations. Volume 4 analyzes the contribution made by intelligence to the work of the authorities responsible for countering the threats of subversion, sabotage and intelligence gathering by the enemy in the United Kingdom and British territories overseas, and neutral countries. It describes the evolution of the security intelligence agencies between the wars and the security situation in September 1939 and reviews the arguments about security policy regarding enemy aliens, Fascists and Communists in the winter of 1939–1940 and during the Fifth Column panic in the summer of 1940. It describes how the security system, still at that time inadequately organized and poorly informed, was developed into an efficient machine and how, with invaluable help from signals intelligence and other sources and by the skillful use of double agents, the operation of the enemy intelligence services were effectively countered. In conclusion, it notes the consistent subservience of the Communist Party to the interests of the USSR and the likely threat to British security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PNX9DR55,1990-08-01,F. H. Hinsley,Cambridge University Press,,2024-02-27T23:34:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2149,Codebreakers: Arne Beurling and the Swedish Crypto Program during World War II,Book,https://bookstore.ams.org/SWCRY,"One of the greatest accomplishments in the history of cryptography occurred in 1940 when a Swedish mathematician broke the German code used for strategic military communications. This story has all the elements of a classic thriller: a desperate wartime situation; a moody and secretive mathematical genius with a talent for cryptography; and a stunning mathematical feat, mysterious to this day. Arne Beurling, the man who inherited Einstein's office at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study, was the figure who played this role at a crucial moment in world history. Though the cracking of the code from the Geheimschreiber (G-Schreiber) device is every bit as impressive as the breaking of the Enigma code by the Poles and English, this secret has been kept for over 50 years! Through the eyes of a former head of Sweden's signal intelligence organization, Bengt Beckman, the reader will learn about the events leading up to the breakthrough and make the acquaintance of not only a remarkable mathematician, but also a remarkable human being. Arne Beurling was a leading international figure who achieved beautiful results in mathematical analysis. By the arrival of World War II, he was one of the most powerful and original mathematicians in the world and widely considered a genius. During his military service, he demonstrated a flair for code and was well known within Swedish cryptology circles. The natural choice of the Swedish intelligence service was to place Beurling at the center of the group charged with breaking the G-Schreiber code. His single-handed effort “broke the unbreakable”. Using only teleprinter tapes and cipher text, he deciphered the code that the Germans believed impossible to crack—in two weeks! The feat, in a word, was astonishing. Many wonder how he did it. But Beurling took his secret to the grave, retorting when asked, “A magician does not reveal his secrets.” The author, Bengt Beckman, for many years was the head of the cryptanalysis department of the Swedish signal intelligence agency. In writing this book, he made extensive use of its archives. He also interviewed many people who participated in the Swedish wartime intelligence effort. He describes in detail Beurling's attack on the G-Schreiber system as well as attacks on several other wartime crypto systems, noting high points from the history of Swedish cryptology. The book will appeal to a broad audience of readers, from historians and biography buffs to mathematicians to anyone with a passing interest in cryptology and cryptanalysis. This English edition has been translated by Kjell-Ove Widman, Director of Sweden's Mittag-Leffler Insitute. Also on cryptography and available from the AMS is Cryptography: An Introduction.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IMVRK3NJ,2002,Bengt Beckham,American Mathematical Society,,2024-06-03T20:21:09Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2150,Sovereignty and Intelligence: Spying and Court Culture in the English Renaissance,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WPE56XI4,1993,John Michael Archer,Stanford University Press,,2024-06-03T20:19:32Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2151,Espionage and treason in classical Greece: ancient spies and lies,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781498583398/Espionage-and-Treason-in-Classical-Greece-Ancient-Spies-and-Lies,This history of ancient diplomacy demonstrates how the ancient Greeks used guest-friendship as a mechanism of diplomacy. Ancient proxenoi were the equivalent of contemporary consul-generals and they served some of the same purposes. The proxenoi conducted the diplomatic affairs of the state they represented and looked after the interests of the city-state that had adopted them. In times of war the proxenoi maintained spies and supplied intelligence on the movements of fleets and armies.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YMEHQ2CP,2019-11-01,Andre Gerolymatos,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-03T20:17:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2152,Espionage in the Ancient World: An Annotated Bibliography of Books and Articles in Western Languages,Book,https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/espionage-in-the-ancient-world/,"Intelligence activities have always been an integral part of statecraft. Ancient governments, like modern ones, realized that to keep their borders safe, control their populations, and keep abreast of political developments abroad, they needed a means to collect the intelligence which enabled them to make informed decisions. Today we are well aware of the damage spies can do. Here, for the first time, is a comprehensive guide to the literature of ancient intelligence. The entries present books and periodical articles in English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish, and Dutch—with annotations in English. These works address such subjects as intelligence collection and analysis (political and military), counterintelligence, espionage, cryptology (Greek and Latin), tradecraft, covert action, and similar topics (it does not include general battle studies and general discussions of foreign policy). Sections are devoted to general espionage, intelligence related to road building, communication, and tradecraft, intelligence in Greece, during the reign of Alexander the Great and in the Hellenistic Age, in the Roman republic, the Roman empire, the Byzantine empire, the Muslim world, and in Russia, China, India, and Africa. The books can be located in libraries in the United States; in cases where volumes are in one library only, the author indicates where they may be found.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H8CA2ZL8,2003,Rose M. Sheldon,McFarland,,2024-06-03T20:16:13Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2153,Intelligence Activities in Ancient Rome: Trust in the Gods But Verify,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Intelligence-Activities-in-Ancient-Rome-Trust-in-the-Gods-But-Verify/Sheldon/p/book/9780415452717,"Professor Sheldon uses the modern concept of the intelligence cycle to trace intelligence activities in Rome whether they were done by private citizens, the government, or the military. Examining a broad range of activities the book looks at the many types of espionage tradecraft that have left their traces in the ancient sources: * intelligence and counterintelligence gathering * covert action * clandestine operations * the use of codes and ciphers Dispelling the myth that such activities are a modern invention, Professor Sheldon explores how these ancient spy stories have modern echoes as well. What is the role of an intelligence service in a free republic? When do the security needs of the state outweigh the rights of the citizen? If we cannot trust our own security services, how safe can we be? Although protected by the Praetorian Guard, seventy-five percent of Roman emperors died by assassination or under attack by pretenders to his throne. Who was guarding the guardians? For students of Rome, and modern social studies too - this will provide a fascinating read.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5MTWXPD7,2007-07-10,Rose M. Sheldon,Routledge,,2024-06-03T20:12:34Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2154,"Britain's Secret Defences: Civilian saboteurs, spies and assassins during the Second World War",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Britains-Secret-Defences-Hardback/p/22303,"The narrative surrounding Britain’s anti-invasion forces has often centred on ‘Dad’s Army’-like characters running around with pitchforks, on unpreparedness and sense of inevitability of invasion and defeat. The truth, however, is very different. Top-secret, highly trained and ruthless civilian volunteers were being recruited as early as the summer of 1940. Had the Germans attempted an invasion they would have been countered by saboteurs and guerrilla fighters emerging from secret bunkers, and monitored by swathes of spies and observers who would have passed details on via runners, wireless operators and ATS women in disguised bunkers. Alongside these secret forces, the Home Guard were also setting up their own ‘guerrilla groups’, and SIS (MI6) were setting up post-occupation groups of civilians – including teenagers – to act as sabotage cells, wireless operators and assassins had the Nazis taken control of the country. The civilians involved in these groups understood the need for absolute secrecy and their commitment to keeping quiet meant that most went to their grave without ever telling anyone of their role, not even their closest family members. There has been no official and little public recognition of what these dedicated men and women were willing to do for their country in its hour of need, and after over 80 years of silence the time has come to highlight their remarkable role.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8Z2PTLPU,2024-01-15,Andrew Chatterton,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:33:18Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2155,Secret Service Against the Nazi Regime: How Our Spies Dealt with Hitler,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Secret-Service-Against-the-Nazi-Regime-Hardback/p/20391,"An edited collection of peer-reviewed articles using newly-released sources - British, German and Italian - integrated to form a fascinating narrative of the intelligence-led fight of the British Secret Service in the existential struggle with Nazi Germany. The main sections are: British Secret Warfare and the Nazi Challenge; Counter-Intelligence Against Axis Spies; and Hugh Trevor-Roper and Secret Service. An inside and authentic story with original and little-known but vital themes including the British Military Mission to Poland, the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) in Poland, British subversion in French East Africa, 'on secret service for the Duce', British Radio Intelligence, and J C Masterman and the Security Service. This is a uniquely human story of survival with all the drama of power struggles, personality clashes, errors, heroism, human intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CEKBCQKN,2022-03-17,Edward Harrison,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:32:06Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2156,Espionage in the Divided Stuart Dynasty: 1685 - 1715,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Espionage-in-the-Divided-Stuart-Dynasty-Hardback/p/17958,"King James II was the Catholic king of a Protestant nation, but he had inherited a secure crown and was able to put down the rebellion by his nephew the Duke of Monmouth. In just over three years James had been deserted by those he loved and trusted and had to flee to France in exile. His throne was seized by his son-in-law and daughter, and when they died, his younger daughter succeeded. For James it was a personal tragedy of King Lear proportions; for most of his subjects it was a ‘Glorious Revolution’ that saved his kingdoms from Popery. Over the next hundred years James or his descendants would attempt to win back the crown with French support and conspiring with British Jacobites and Tories. In Espionage in the Divided Stuart Dynasty Julian Whitehead charts the inner workings of government intelligence during this unstable period, where it was by no means a forgone conclusion that James or his heirs would never regain the throne. It throws light on the murky world of spies and double agents at a time of intensive intrigue and betrayal, with many politicians and peers trying to keep a foot in both camps. It was especially important in such circumstances for a monarch to receive good intelligence about the many intrigues, but could those providing the intelligence be trusted?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QINFN8ZW,2020-09-14,Julian Whitehead,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:30:58Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2157,"Dr. Benjamin Church, Spy: A Case of Espionage on the Eve of the American Revolution",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Dr-Benjamin-Church-Spy-Hardback/p/6074,"Dr. Benjamin Church, Jr. (1734–1778) was a respected medical man and civic leader in colonial Boston who was accused of being an agent for the British in the 1770s, providing compromising intelligence about the plans of the provincial leadership in Massachusetts as well as important information from the meetings of the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia. Despite his eminence as a surgeon—he conducted an autopsy on one of the victims of the Boston Massacre—and his own correspondence and the numbers of references to him from contemporaries, no known image of him exists and many aspects of his life remain obscure. What we do know is that George Washington accused him of being a traitor to the colonial cause and had him arrested and tried; after being jailed in Connecticut, during which he continued to profess his innocence, he was allowed to leave America on a British vessel in 1778, but it foundered in the Atlantic with all hands lost. The question of whether Dr. Benjamin Church was working for the British has never been conclusively demonstrated, and remains among the mysteries of the American Revolution. In Dr. Benjamin Church, Spy: A Case of Espionage on the Eve of the American Revolution, noted authority John A. Nagy has scoured original documents to establish the best case against Church, identifying previously unacknowledged correspondence and reports as containing references to the doctor and his activities, and noting an incriminating letter in the possession of Library of Congress that is a coded communication composed by Church to his British contact. Nagy shows that at the cusp of the revolution, when the possibility—let alone the outcome—of an American colonial rebellion was far from assured, Church sought to align himself with whom he thought would emerge victorious—the British crown—and thus line his pockets with money that he desperately needed. A fascinating investigation into a centuries-old intrigue, this well-researched volume is an important contribution to American Revolution scholarship. JOHN A. NAGY, scholar-in-residence at Saint Francis University, Pennsylvania and expert on eighteenth-century espionage, is author of Invisible Ink: Spycraft of the American Revolution and Spies in the Continental Capital: Espionage Across Pennsylvania During the American Revolution, also available from Westholme Publishing.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WT3A3VUA,2014-01-09,John A. Nagy,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:29:50Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2158,Rommel's Spy: Operation Condor and the Desert War,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Rommels-Spy-Paperback/p/4136,"In 1942, John Eppler was one of two German spies inserted behind British lines in Egypt after an epic crossing of the Western Desert organised by the Hungarian explorer Count László Almásy, Operation 'Condor'. But this was far from his first adventure. Of German origin but raised since childhood in a wealthy Egyptian family and a convert to Islam, he had travelled widely in the Middle East for German Military Intelligence. The book details German links with Arab nationalists during the War: indeed, one of Eppler's contacts in Cairo was a young officer called Anwar el-Sadat, later President of Egypt. Before Operation 'Condor'. Eppler had been the interpreter when the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem met Hitler in Berlin, and the book gives a full description of this controversial encounter. This story has inspired numerous films, such as Foxhole in Cairo (1960), where John Eppler was played by Adrian Hoven, and more recently Operation 'Condor' was referenced in the Oscar-winning The English Patient (1996). This is the genuine, first-hand account of one of the most daring missions of the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NAVLSD28,2013-09-02,John Eppler,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:28:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2159,Information and Frontiers: Roman Foreign Relations in Late Antiquity,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/history/european-history-450-1000/information-and-frontiers-roman-foreign-relations-late-antiquity,"During late antiquity the Roman empire faced serious threats from the peoples to the east and to the north. This book is concerned with the role played by information and intelligence in the empire's relations with these peoples, how well-informed about them the empire was, and how such information was acquired. It deals with an important facet of late Roman history which has not previously received systematic treatment, and does so in a wide-ranging manner which relates the military/diplomatic history to its broader social/cultural and economic context.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7DGH4NHG,1993-09-01,A. D. Lee,Cambridge University Press,,2024-06-03T19:06:02Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2160,Invisible Ink: Spycraft of the American Revolution,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Invisible-Ink-Hardback/p/2883,"During the American Revolution, espionage was critical to the successes and failures of both Continental and British efforts, and those employed in cloak and-dagger operations always risked death. While the most notorious episode of spying during the war—the Benedict Arnold affair—was a failure, most intelligence operations succeeded. Spycraft was no more wholly embraced than by the American commander-in-chief, George Washington. Washington relied on a vast spy network and personally designed sophisticated battle plan deceptions and counterintelligence efforts, some surprisingly modern in form. In Invisible Ink: Spycraft of the American Revolution, award-winning author John A. Nagy briefly traces the history of spy techniques from ancient China through Elizabethan England before embarking on the various techniques used by spies on both sides of the war to exchange secret information. These methods included dictionary codes, diplomatic ciphers, dead drops, hidden compartments (such as a hollowed-out bullet or a woman’s garter), and even musical notation, as well as efforts of counterintelligence, including “Black Chambers,” where postal correspondence was read by cryptologists. Throughout, the author provides examples of the various codes and ciphers employed, many of which have not been previously described. In addition, the author analyzes some of the key spy rings operating during the war, most notably the Culper ring that provided information to Washington from inside British-controlled New York City. Based on nearly two decades of primary research, including the author’s discovery of previously unrecognized spies and methods, Invisible Ink is a major contribution to the history of conflict and technology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AGWEZIFV,2010-12-01,John A. Nagy,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:26:32Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2161,Empire and Espionage: Spies in the Zulu War,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Empire-and-Espionage-Hardback/p/2544,"The Anglo-Zulu War may be best remembered for the military blundering that led to the astonishing British defeat at Isandlwana, but as Stephen Wade shows in this book, military action throughout the war was supplemented by the actions of spies and explorers in the field, and was often heavily influenced by the decisions made by diplomats. Examining the roles of both spies and diplomats, the author looks at numerous influential figures in the conflict, including John Dunn, who fought with the British during the campaign, becoming ruler of part of Zululand after its conquest and even being presented to Queen Victoria. Diplomats include Sir Theophilus Shepstone, who was responsible for directing native affairs in Natal, and was so respected by the Zulus they called him Father . This unique and fascinating account of espionage and diplomacy in the nineteenth century demonstrates not only a side of warfare rarely considered in traditional histories of the period, but also gives examples of individuals who were able to earn the respect and trust of the native peoples, another rarely seen facet of the colonial period.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G4MGU25Y,2010-09-20,Stephen Wade,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:25:29Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2162,Spies on the Mekong: CIA Clandestine Operations in Laos,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Spies-on-the-Mekong-CIA-Clandestine-Operations-in-Laos-Hardback/p/22802,"During the Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency's biggest and longest paramilitary operation was in the tiny kingdom of Laos. Hundreds of advisors and support personnel trained and led guerrilla formations across the mountainous Laotian countryside, as well as running smaller road-watch and agent teams that stretched from the Ho Chi Minh Trail to the Chinese frontier. Added to this number were hundreds of contract personnel providing covert aviation services.It was dangerous work. On the Memorial Wall at the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia, nine stars are dedicated to officers who perished in Laos. On top of this are more than one hundred from propriety airlines killed in aviation mishaps between 1961 and 1973. Combined, this grim casualty figure is orders of magnitude larger than any other CIA paramilitary operation.But for the Foreign Intelligence officers at Langley, Laos was more than a paramilitary battleground. Because of its geographic location as a buffer state, as well as its trifurcated political structure, Laos was a unique Cold War melting pot. All three of the Lao political factions, including the communist Pathet Lao, had representation in Vientiane. The Soviet Union had an extremely active embassy in the capital, while the People's Republic of China - though in the throes of the Cultural Revolution - had multiple diplomatic outposts across the kingdom. So, too, did both North and South Vietnam. All of this made Laos fertile ground for clandestine operations. This book comprehensively details the cloak-and-dagger side of the war in Laos for the first time, from agent recruitments to servicing dead-drops in Vientiane.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6NWTB2KJ,2021-12-15,Kenneth Conboy,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:23:36Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'BHVIFBRH']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2163,Cavalier and Roundhead Spies: Intelligence in the Civil War & Commonwealth,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Cavalier-and-Roundhead-Spies-Hardback/p/1949,"The crucial part played by intelligence and espionage techniques - by spying - in Britain during the Civil Wars and the Commonwealth has rarely been studied, yet it is a key to understanding the dangerous politics and the open warfare of those troubled times. In this fascinating and original account, Julian Whitehead traces the rapid development of intelligence techniques during this, one of the most confused and uncertain phases of British history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BMQBM58M,2009-08-05,Julian Whitehead,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:21:33Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2164,Hitler's Spies: Lena and the Prelude to Operation Sealion,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Hitlers-Spies-Hardback/p/17973,"September 1940: Britain stands alone against the might of the advancing German Army and the spectre of invasion looms. Using a wealth of primary material including sources previously designated secret, this is the first book, written in English, dedicated to the story of the first four German spies who successfully arrived in the south of England. Using the codename Operation Lena, it was the initial undertaking to necessitate Hitler’s invasion of England, itself codenamed Operation Sealion. These men were to be the pathfinders, the scouts, the eyes and ears that would help the first invasion of England for several hundred years. This extraordinary story stands as evidence of the only part of the invasion actually to arrive, of the abysmal quality of their selection and training, of the extraordinary fair-mindedness of a British jury, especially when Britain was gripped by spy paranoia. This is possibly one of the most audacious and least known episodes of the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RU5248RN,2020-10-29,Mel Kavanagh,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:19:17Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2165,Great Spies of the 20th Century,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Great-Spies-of-the-20th-Century-Hardback/p/12153,"Heroes to some, traitors to others, spies and intelligence officers continue to fascinate and enthral us with their abilities to operate secretly in the shadows. With these mini-biographies of twenty agents of various nationalities (including members of the DGSE, KGB, CIA, MI6 and Mossad), Patrick Pesnot and \'Mr X\' bring the reader as close as possible into the world of espionage, though a panorama of intelligence history. Among the best known of these agents, the reader will find Aldrich Ames, an American accused of spying for the KGB; Eli Cohen, the Israeli spy best known for his espionage work in Syria and Klaus Fuchs, the German-born British agent who helped the USSR to manufacture its atomic bomb in 1949.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TJXCSTGK,2016-10-04,Patrick Pesnot,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:18:33Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2166,The Napoleonic Wars and the Birth of Modern Warfare,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903135065,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8N42QCDA,2009-06-01,Christopher Vere,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-05-21T21:46:36Z,['8XA7D88D'],10.1080/02684520903135065,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2144438018,0.0,False,,,,2009.0,, 2167,LORD GRENVILLE AND THE ‘SMOKING GUN’: THE PLOT TO ASSASSINATE THE FRENCH DIRECTORY IN 1798–1799 RECONSIDERED,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/lord-grenville-and-the-smoking-gun-the-plot-to-assassinate-the-french-directory-in-17981799-reconsidered/FF4398D3391ACC62DEA19EB9DFE5E0AA,"This article re-examines the evidence that has been used to claim that, in the aftermath of the collapse of the British secret service's counter-revolutionary plans in France in September 1797, foreign secretary Lord Grenville supported a French royalist plot to assassinate the Directory. It concludes that, although his agent James Talbot was actively involved and probably thought he had official permission to proceed, Grenville remained ignorant of the plot until December 1798. He subsequently ordered Talbot to withdraw from the conspiracy. Emphasis is placed on communications difficulties associated with undercover secret service activities in this era and on bureaucratic failures within the foreign office, together with evidence to suggest that Talbot was temperamentally unsuited to the role of intelligence officer.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A4G8JYTM,2002-09-01,Michael Durey,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:48:52Z,['8XA7D88D'],10.1017/S0018246X02002546,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2100542764,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2100542764,2021.0,2021.0,2002.0,,19.0 2168,Wellington's Spies,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Wellingtons-Spies-Paperback/p/16868,"Intelligence was just as important in the Napoleonic Wars as it is today. Then there was only one way of obtaining it; by spies and informers. The Author uses first hand accounts of three of Wellington's most daring and successful Intelligence Officers. The three men, all of Scottish descent, were very different in character. One was killed in action and another taken prisoner and after narrowly avoiding summary execution made a dramatic escape. There is a romantic angle too. Their stories skilfully interwoven against the backdrop of the brutal Peninsular War where atrocities were common place. This book gives a fresh insight into Wellington's remarkable triumph over Napoleon's armies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GVI945PR,2020-08-13,Mary McGrigor,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:17:10Z,['8XA7D88D'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2169,"Bluff, Bluster, Lies and Spies: The Lincoln Foreign Policy, 1861–1865",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Bluff-Bluster-Lies-and-Spies-Hardback/p/22972,"In the first years of the Civil War, Southern arms won spectacular victories on the battlefield; however, cooler heads in the Confederacy recognized the demographic and industrial weight pitted against them, and counted on British intervention to even those scales in order to deny the United States victory. Bluff, Bluster Lies and Spies is a wild ride through the mismanaged State Department of William Henry Seward in Washington, DC, to the more skillful work of Lords Palmerston, Russell and Lyons in the British Foreign Office. Fearful that Great Britain would recognize the Confederacy and provide the help that might have defeated the Union, the Lincoln administration was careful not to upset the greatest naval power on earth. At the same time, however, Great Britain needed to retain influence on American foreign policy, because her very safety as an empire depended upon it. In face of the growth of the Union navy—particularly its new ironclad ships—she turned out to be a paper tiger who relied on bluff and bluster to preserve the illusion of international strength. Britain had its own continental rivals with whom to vie, and the question of whether a truncated United States or a reunited stronger one was most advantageous was a vital question. Ultimately Prime Minister Palmerston decided that Great Britain would be no match for a Union armada that could have seized British possessions throughout the Western Hemisphere, including Canada, and he frustrated any ambitions to break Lincoln’s blockade of the Confederacy with Britannia. In addition to the naval arms race between Britain and France, Europe was covered with the spies, arms dealers, detectives and publicists who struggled to buy guns and to influence European opinion about the validity of either the Union or Confederate cause. This book describes in full how the Civil War in the New World was ultimately left to Southern battlefield prowess alone to determine, as the powers of the Old World declined to overtly intervene in the American question.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/66TZ4UXL,2016-06-30,David L. Perry,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:16:12Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2170,Capital of Spies: Intelligence Agencies in Berlin During the Cold War,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Capital-of-Spies-Hardback/p/22682,"For almost half a century, the hottest front in the Cold War was right across Berlin. From summer 1945 until 1990, the secret services of NATO and the Warsaw Pact fought an ongoing duel in the dark. Throughout the Cold War, espionage was part of everyday life in both East and West Berlin, with German spies playing a crucial part of operations on both sides: Erich Mielke's Stasi and Reinhard Gehlen's Federal Intelligence Service, for example. The construction of the wall in 1961 changed the political situation and the environment for espionage - the invisible front was now concreted and unmistakable. but the fundamentals had not changed: Berlin was and would remain the capital of spies until the fall of the Berlin Wall, a fact which makes it all the more surprising that there are hardly any books about the work of the secret services in Berlin during the Cold War. Journalist Sven Felix Kellerhoff and historian Bernd von Kostka describe the spectacular successes and failures of the various secret services based in the city.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VNWD7FCA,2021-11-28,"Sven F. Kellerhoff, Bernd von Kostka",Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:15:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2171,"Nazi Spies and Collaborators in Britain, 1939-1945",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Nazi-Spies-and-Collaborators-in-Britain-1939-1945-Hardback/p/22581,"The true extent of Nazi secret agent activity in Britain during the Second World War has received little attention. In large part this is due to the highly classified nature of the subject. This fascinating book uses recently released documents to explore how German agents penetrated our borders and explains methods of agent recruitment. Some spies were arrested and handed over the MI5 for interrogation. Several were turned and became ‘double-cross’ agents, while others were tried and executed or incarcerated in Camp 020 and other facilities. There were also those who came and left undetected and were only revealed after Nazi records were seized. The story, however, does not end there. While British authorities urged the public to beware of spies and posters warned ‘careless talk costs lives,’ the actual existence of Nazi collaborators in Britain was played down. Author Neil R Storey’s discovery of MI5’s and Regional Security Panels’ ‘Black Lists’ of those considered to be ‘likely to assist the enemy’ in the event of invasion reveals the climate of fear along with the identities and case studies of suspected Nazi collaborators in key invasion areas. This book is a gripping exposé of the very real threat posed by Nazi undercover operatives and collaborators in Britain during the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QANYBT2Q,2023-03-31,Neil R. Storey,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:14:20Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2172,Regency Spies: Secret Histories of Britain's Rebels and Revolutionaries,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Regency-Spies-Hardback/p/11177,"Sue Wilkes reveals the shadowy world of Britain's spies, rebels and secret societies from the late 1780s until 1820. Drawing on contemporary literature and official records, Wilkes unmasks the real conspirators and tells the tragic stories of the unwitting victims sent to the gallows. In this 'age of Revolutions', when the French fought for liberty, Britain's upper classes feared revolution was imminent. Thomas Paine's incendiary Rights of Man called men to overthrow governments which did not safeguard their rights. Were Jacobins and Radical reformers in England and Scotland secretly plotting rebellion? Ireland, too, was a seething cauldron of unrest, its impoverished people oppressed by their Protestant masters. Britain's governing elite could not rely on the armed services – even Royal Navy crews mutinied over brutal conditions. To keep the nation safe, a 'war chest' of secret service money funded a network of spies to uncover potential rebels amongst the underprivileged masses. It had some famous successes: dashing Colonel Despard, friend of Lord Nelson, was executed for treason. Sometimes in the deadly game of cat-and-mouse between spies and their prey, suspicion fell on the wrong men, like poets Wordsworth and Coleridge. Even peaceful reformers risked arrest for sedition. Political meetings like Manchester's 'Peterloo' were ruthlessly suppressed, and innocent blood spilt. Repression bred resentment – and a diabolical plot was born. The stakes were incredibly high: rebels suffered the horrors of a traitor's death when found guilty. Some conspirators' secrets died with them on the scaffold... The spy network had some famous successes, like the discoveries of the Despard plot, the Pentrich Rising and the Cato St conspiracy. It had some notable failures, too. However, sometimes the 'war on terror' descended into high farce, like the 'Spy Nozy' affair, in which poets Wordsworth and Coleridge were shadowed by a special agent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2K8A5ZX6,2015-11-03,Sue Wilkes,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:13:12Z,"['8XA7D88D', '9DTPTK46']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2173,A Hundred Years of Spying,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/A-Hundred-Years-of-Spying-Hardback/p/19088,"Early espionage organisations like Walsingham’s Elizabethan spy network were private enterprises, tasked with keeping the Tudor Queen and her government safe. Formal use of spies and counter spies only really began in the years after 1909, when the official British secret service was founded. Britain became the first major proponent of secret information gathering and other nations quickly followed. The outbreak of war in 1914 saw a sudden and dramatic increase in the use of spies as the military quickly began to realise the value of covert intelligence. Spying ‘came of age’ during the war on the Western Front and that value only increased in the run up to the Second World War, when the threat of the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany began to make themselves felt. The Cold War years, with the use of moles, defectors and double agents on both sides of the Iron Curtain saw the art of spying assume record proportions. The passing on of atom secrets, the truth about Russian missiles on Cuba, it was the age of the double agent, the activities of whom managed to keep away the looming threat of nuclear war. A Hundred Years of Spying takes the reader through the murky world of espionage as it develops over the course of the twentieth century, where the lines of truth and reality blur, and where many real-life spies have always been accompanied, maybe even proceeded, by a plethora of spy literature. This book will look at the use of and development of spying as an accepted military practice. It will focus on individuals from Belgians like Gabrielle Petite to the infamous Mata Hari, from people like Reilly Ace of Spies to the British traitors such as Philby, Burgess and McClean. The activities of American atom spies like the Rosenbergs will also be covered as will Russian double agent Oleg Penkovsky and many others.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CCL2M4EM,2021-06-30,Phil Carradice,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:12:17Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2174,Cold War Counterfeit Spies,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Cold-War-Counterfeit-Spies-Paperback/p/21404,"The Cold War, with its air of mutual fear and distrust and the shadowy world of spies and secret agents, gave publishers the chance to produce countless stories of espionage, treachery and deception. What Nigel West has discovered is that the most egregious deceptions were in fact the stories themselves. In this remarkable investigation into the claims of many who portrayed themselves as key players in clandestine operations, the author has exposed a catalogue of misrepresentations and falsehoods. Did Greville Wynne really exfiltrate a GRU defector from Odessa? Was the frogman Buster Crabb abducted during a mission in Portsmouth Harbour? Did the KGB run a close-guarded training facility, as described by J. Bernard Hutton in School for Spies, which was modelled on a typical town in the American mid-west, so agents could be acclimatised to a non-Soviet environment? With the help of witnesses with first-hand experience, and recently declassified documents, Nigel West answers these and other fascinating questions from a time when secrecy and suspicion allowed the truth to be concealed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/27ELUBHV,2022-07-26,Nigel West,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:10:52Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2175,Countering Hitler's Spies,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Countering-Hitlers-Spies-Hardback/p/18031,"When the military aspect of the Second World War is discussed, especially regarding how the war was won, people tend to talk about, Winston Churchill, D-Day, Dunkirk, the Battle of Britain, the Blitz, the Dam Busters, the Allied bombing of German cities, Montgomery and the North Africa campaign, etc. However, there is one aspect, rarely mentioned and never quite fully appreciated, which played a massive role in winning the war. The Double Cross system, operated by MI5, involved capturing German spies who had been sent to the United Kingdom and offering them the opportunity to become double agents and spy for the British against the Germans. Most agreed, although the alternative wasn’t that pleasant: refusing to become a spy would have almost certainly resulted in death. Spies who worked for MI5, especially those who had initially worked for the Germans, carried out sterling work which resulted in the saving of thousands of Allied lives. The success of the D-Day landings at Normandy, for example, was in part due to the excellent work of a double agent, who helped convince Nazi Germany that the Allied invasion of Europe would take place across the English Channel, at Calais. One double agent was so good at what he did that Germany awarded him the Iron Cross, whilst Britain made him a Member of the British Empire (MBE).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3Z4AKGLR,2020-09-14,Stephen Wynn,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:10:19Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2176,"Spies, Scouts, and Secrets in the Gettysburg Campaign",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Spies-Scouts-and-Secrets-in-the-Gettysburg-Campaign-Hardback/p/28946,"As intelligence experts have long asserted, “Information in regard to the enemy is the indispensable basis of all military plans.” Despite the thousands of books and articles written about Gettysburg, Tom Ryan’s groundbreaking Spies, Scouts, and Secrets in the Gettysburg Campaign: How the Critical Role of Intelligence Impacted the Outcome of Lee’s Invasion of the North, June - July 1863 is the first to offer a unique and incisive comparative study of intelligence operations during what many consider the war’s decisive campaign.Based upon years of indefatigable research, the author evaluates how Gen. Robert E. Lee used intelligence resources, including cavalry, civilians, newspapers, and spies to gather information about Union activities during his invasion of the North in June and July 1863, and how this information guided Lee’s decision-making. Simultaneously, Ryan explores the effectiveness of the Union Army of the Potomac’s intelligence and counterintelligence operations. Both Maj. Gens. Joe Hooker and George G. Meade relied upon cavalry, the Signal Corps, and an intelligence staff known as the Bureau of Military Information that employed innovative concepts to gather, collate, and report vital information from a variety of sources.The result is an eye-opening, day-by-day analysis of how and why the respective army commanders implemented their strategy and tactics, with an evaluation of their respective performance as they engaged in a battle of wits to learn the enemy’s location, strength, and intentions.Spies, Scouts, and Secrets in the Gettysburg Campaign is grounded upon a broad foundation of archival research and a firm understanding of the theater of operations that specialists will especially value. Everyone will appreciate reading about a familiar historic event from a perspective that is both new and enjoyable. One thing is certain: no one will close this book and look at the Gettysburg Campaign in the same way again.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MUKT86MR,2015-08-31,Savas Beatie,Pen and Sword,,2024-06-03T19:08:39Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2177,Information Gathering in Classical Greece,Book,https://press.umich.edu/Books/I/Information-Gathering-in-Classical-Greece,"Cloak-and-dagger work was as much a part of the ancient world as the modern. While gadgets may change, the principles do not: espionage in antiquity was just as dangerous, its stakes just as high. Without Sinon, a double agent for the Greeks, Troy would never have fallen. Frank Russell studies spies in the ancient Greek world and presents fascinating information on the nature of the Great Game, its players, its pawns, and their methods. Information Gathering in Classical Greece opens with chapters on tactical, strategic, and covert agents. Methods of communication are explored, from fire-signals to dead-letter drops. Frank Russell categorizes and defines the collectors and sources of information according to their era, methods, and spheres of operation, and he also provides evidence from ancient authors on interrogation and the handling and weighing of information. Counterintelligence is also explored, together with disinformation through ""leaks"" and agents. The author concludes this fascinating study with observations on the role that intelligence-gathering has in the kind of democratic society for which Greece has always been famous. This valuable and absorbing volume is accessible to any student of intelligence or ancient history. All passages have been translated, and context is provided for historical figures who might not be widely known. Notes are extensive and offer further avenues of study for the technical or specialist reader.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C75V9R93,2000-01-01,Frank S. Russell,University of Michigan Press,,2024-06-03T19:04:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2178,Russian Intelligence Services The Early Years (AD 882-1054),Book,https://www.algora.com/22/book/details.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JTS3F3QT,2000-01-01,Vladimir Ploughin,Algora Publishing,,2024-06-03T19:02:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2179,Political Intelligence in Classical Greece,Book,https://brill.com/display/title/3150,"Mnemosyne Supplements has existed as a book series for about 60 years, providing a forum for the publication of now almost 400 scholarly works on all aspects of the Ancient World, including inscriptions, papyri, language, the history of material culture and mentality, the history of peoples and institutions, but also latterly the classical tradition, for example, neo-Latin literature and the history of Classical scholarship. Works published include monographs, critical text editions, commentaries, critical bibliographies and collections of essays by various authors on closely defined themes. A number of volumes of the Mnemosyne Supplements series are published within the subseries History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity and Late Antique Literature. The series published an average of 11,5 volumes per year over the last 5 years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X7D6XXPP,1974-12-01,Chester G. Starr,Brill,,2024-06-03T19:00:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2180,The Queen’s Agent: Sir Francis Walsingham and the Rise of Espionage in Elizabethan England,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-KNFEAAAQBAJ,"Elizabeth I came to the throne at a time of insecurity and unrest. Rivals threatened her reign; England was a Protestant island, isolated in a sea of Catholic countries. Spain plotted an invasion, but Elizabeth's Secretary, Francis Walsingham, was prepared to do whatever it took to protect her. He ran a network of agents in England and Europe who provided him with information about invasions or assassination plots. He recruited likely young men and 'turned' others. He encouraged Elizabeth to make war against the Catholic Irish rebels with extreme brutality and oversaw the execution of Mary Queen of Scots. The Queen's Agent is a story of secret agents, cryptic codes, and ingenious plots, set in a turbulent period of England's history. It is also the story of a man devoted to his queen, sacrificing his every waking hour to save the threatened English state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XER6MNP9,2021-11-15,John Cooper,Pegasus Books,,2024-06-03T18:58:51Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2181,Strategic Intelligence in the Cold War and Beyond,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Strategic-Intelligence-in-the-Cold-War-and-Beyond/Adams/p/book/9780415782074,"Strategic Intelligence in the Cold War and Beyond looks at the many events, personalities, and controversies in the field of intelligence and espionage since the end of World War II. A crucial but often neglected topic, strategic intelligence took on added significance during the protracted struggle of the Cold War. In this accessible volume, Jefferson Adams places these important developments in their historical context, taking a global approach to themes including various undertakings from both sides in the Cold War, with emphasis on covert action and deception operations controversial episodes involving Cuba, Chile, Nicaragua, Vietnam, Poland, and Afghanistan as well as numerous lesser known occurrences. three Cold War spy profiles which explore the role of human psychology in intelligence work the technological dimension spies in fiction, film and television developments in the intelligence organizations of both sides in the decade following the fall of the Berlin wall Supplemented by suggestions for further reading, a glossary of key terms, and a timeline of important events, this is an essential read for all those interested in the modern history of espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NCZ7MZHS,2014-08-19,Jefferson Adams,Routledge,,2024-06-03T18:40:12Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2182,The Future a Memory: The Cold War and Intelligence Services,Book,https://lit-verlag.de/isbn/978-3-643-90442-3/,"The book presents an overview about the activities of intelligence services and their role during the cold war period. Contributions from a wide range of disciplines by historians, political scientists, journalists, legal experts, former officers of secret services and former military men from Germany, USA, France, South Korea, Great Britain, Poland, the Netherlands, Hungary and Russia deal with the services in Germany, Korea, the Caribbean Sea, in the Baltic, Russia, USA, and Europe including the famous Venona project.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3U37ERHL,2013-01-01,Heiner Timmermann,Lit-Verlag,,2024-06-03T18:35:46Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2183,Watching the Jackals: Prague's Covert Liaisons with Cold War Terrorists and Revolutionaries,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Watching-the-Jackals,"The untold history of Czechoslovakia's complex relations with Middle Eastern terrorists and revolutionaries during the closing decades of the Cold War In the 1970s and 1980s, Prague became a favorite destination for the world's most prominent terrorists and revolutionaries. They arrived here to seek refuge, enjoy recreation, or hold secret meetings aimed at securing training, arms, and other forms of support. While some were welcome with open arms, others were closely watched and were eventually ousted. Watching the Jackals is the untold history of Czechoslovakia's complex relations with Middle Eastern terrorists and revolutionaries during the closing decades of the Cold War. Based on recently declassified intelligence files, Richterova unveils the story of Prague's engagement with various factions of the Palestine Liberation Organization, along with some of the era's most infamous terrorists, including Carlos the Jackal, the Munich Olympics massacre commander Abu Daoud, and the Abu Nidal Organization. In this gripping account, Richterova explains why ""Cold War Jackals"" gravitated toward Prague and how the country's leaders reacted to their visits, and she uncovers the role Czechoslovakia's security and intelligence apparatus – the StB (Státní bezpečnost) played in these, at times, dangerous liaisons. Drawing on interviews and remarkably detailed records from the former Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic), Richterova offers readers interested in the intelligence world a fascinating account of how states use their spies to pursue covert policies with violent nonstate actors. The book also introduces new evidence and nuances into old debates about whether the Communist Bloc supported terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/39IPFCR7,2025-01-01,Daniela Richterova,Georgetown University Press,,2024-06-03T13:34:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2184,"Intelligence in Democratic Transitions: A Comparative Analysis of Portugal, Greece, and Spain",Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-in-Democratic-Transitions,"A groundbreaking comparative analysis of three understudied cases of intelligence democratization revealing new insights into main barriers to reform when states transition from authoritarianism Reforming the intelligence services is essential when a state transitions from authoritarianism to democracy. But which areas should be reformed, how do we know when there has been real transformation, and how and where do authoritarian legacies persist? Intelligence in Democratic Transitions is a comparative examination of the democratic transitions of Portugal, Greece, and Spain starting in the 1970s. Although these three countries began their transitions around the same time, they present significantly different results. Sofia Tzamarelou discovers that main barriers to reform are legacies of the past and legacy personnel. She does this through the lens of five Security Sector Reform (SSR) indicators: Lustration, Control and Oversight, Recruitment, Targeting and Civil Society. Tzamarelou uses primary sources throughout the study, including governmental documents and legal statutes–such as draft laws, bills and presidential decrees–paired with “outside” primary source reporting, such as analysis reporting by the CIA. She complements this rich primary source material with secondary sources from authors in each country and internationally who specialize in intelligence or who provide historical context. Tzamarelou’s unique comparative analysis of intelligence democratization using a common framework–SSR–applied to each country contributes to readers’ understanding of why and how some reforms fail and others succeed and how the SSR framework can be used in the intelligence arena.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8ZHDV88,2024-08-01,Sofia Tzamarelou,Georgetown University Press,,2024-06-03T13:32:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2185,The CIA: An Imperial History,Book,https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/hugh-wilford-2/the-cia/9781399816847/,"A celebrated British historian of US intelligence explores how the CIA was born in anti-imperialist idealism but swiftly became an instrument of a new covert empire both in America and overseas. As World War II ended, the United States stood as the dominant power on the world stage. In 1947, to support its new global status, it created the CIA to analyse foreign intelligence. But within a few years, the Agency was engaged in other operations: bolstering pro-American governments, overthrowing nationalist leaders, and surveilling anti-imperial dissenters in the US. The Cold War was an obvious reason for this transformation – but not the only one. In The CIA, celebrated intelligence historian Hugh Wilford draws on decades of research to show the Agency as part of a larger picture, the history of Western empire. While young CIA officers imagined themselves as British imperial agents like T. E. Lawrence, successive US presidents used the covert powers of the Agency to hide overseas interventions from postcolonial foreigners and anti-imperial Americans alike. Even the CIA’s post-9/11 global hunt for terrorists was haunted by the ghosts of empires past. Comprehensive, original, and gripping, The CIA is the story of the birth of a new imperial order in the shadows. It offers the most complete account yet of how America adopted unaccountable power and secrecy both at home and abroad.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H5N82ZCZ,2024-06-06,Hugh Wilford,Hachette Books,,2024-06-03T11:37:17Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2186,"Missing the Forest for the Trees: US Intelligence, Threats, and Inter-Agency Disunity",Thesis,,"Present academic treatment of the US intelligence community (IC) tends to treat the IC as a singular unit, or focus only on intelligence collection and analysis behavior in the case of the Central Intelligence Agency. Yet, the IC often confronts inter-agency contestation over analytical conclusions. Beginning from the premise of this historical disunity, I examine patterns of intelligence analysis. I use 6 historical cases of inter-agency disunity to assess trends of reliance on certain kinds of intelligence data in the resulting analysis. I find that agencies advocating views likely to face political pushback rely heavily on quantifiable indicators in war-related scenarios and qualitative, discourse-based indicators in bargaining, or diplomatic, scenarios. However, when the agency's analytical conclusions are consistent with conventional wisdom at the time, individual agencies rely on a more balanced combination of quantifiable and qualitative data in their analysis",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W9XY4Z8H,2024-06-01,Madeline Kahl,,,2024-06-02T19:55:31Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.6082/uchicago.11917,,Master's Thesis,University of Chicago,https://openalex.org/W6920826026,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://doi.org/10.6082/uchicago.11917, 2187,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,"The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures explores the contemporary efforts of Latin American and Caribbean nations to develop an intelligence culture. Specifically, it analyzes these countries’ efforts to democratize their intelligence agencies (i.e. to develop intelligence services that are both transparent and effective) to convert the former military regimes’ repressive security apparatuses into democratic intelligence communities—a rather paradoxical task, considering that democracy calls for political neutrality, transparency, and accountability, while effective intelligence services must operate in secrecy. Indeed, even the most successful democracies face this conundrum of democracy and intelligence; Latin America and the Caribbean region is not alone in facing this challenge. The legacy of the repressive military regimes or brutal civil wars—which have inspired in the public a general disdain toward intelligence services due to the grave human rights abuses—coupled with politicians’ persistent lack of interest or expertise in intelligence matters complicate the region’s quest for a proper balance between the competing demands of democracy and intelligence. This volume details the attempts of the region’s countries to overcome these obstacles and pursue democratic intelligence institution building—transforming the legal basis for intelligence; establishing democratic control and oversight mechanisms; and fostering intelligence openness, transparency, and outreach.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9TZXRUKW,2022-07-01,"Florina C. Matei, Carolyn C. Halladay, Eduardo E. Estévez",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:52:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2188,Cuba,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RBTAF735,2022-07-01,Brendan de Brun,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T17:01:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2189,Venezuela,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZIF4VNXB,2022-07-01,"Jacques Suyderhoud, Florina C. Matei",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T17:01:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2190,Bahamas-Trinidad Tobago-Jamaica,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VNLDAX88,2022-07-01,Kevin Peters,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T17:00:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2191,El Salvador,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/978RLEY9,2022-07-01,Eduardo E. Estévez,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T17:00:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2192,Paraguay,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y6MAJWPM,2022-07-01,Eduardo E. Estévez,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T17:00:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2193,Guatemala,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KRPY5MRE,2022-07-01,Eduardo E. Estévez,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:59:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2194,Costa Rica,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHKRCNXA,2022-07-01,"Gerardo H. Naranjo, Marco V. M. Coto, Carlos H. Cascante-Segura",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:58:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2195,Ecuador,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3MF3FQ2,2022-07-01,"Fredy R. Vélez, Renato R. Rhon",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:57:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2196,Argentina,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TM59S9PG,2022-07-01,"Alejandra Otamendi, German Gallino, Eduardo E. Estévez",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:55:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2197,Mexico,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GSUGHI87,2022-07-01,Marcos P. Moloeznik,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:54:49Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2198,Colombia,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NJZASHH2,2022-07-01,Jason Blazakis,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:54:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2199,Uruguay,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/55JJRL2H,2022-07-01,Nicolas Alvarez,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:58:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2200,Peru,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VX8ZPVCZ,2022-07-01,Victor Ray,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:58:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2201,Chile,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/47TEY8US,2022-07-01,"Clay Oeffinger, Shane Moran, Florina C. Matei",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:56:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2202,Brazil,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BRVJW7T9,2022-07-01,Marco Cepik,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:56:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2203,Bolivia,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KGSYPC6C,2022-07-01,Eduardo E. Estévez,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-06-02T16:56:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of Latin American and Caribbean Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2204,"OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE (OSINT) NEWS: Espionage, Intrigue, and Suspense: Britain's MI5 Shifts Focus to Counter Espionage Threats",Blog post,https://osintdaily.blogspot.com/2024/06/espionage-intrigue-and-suspense.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/227RE7XZ,2024-06-02,Corey Pearson,,,2024-06-02T16:33:27Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2205,Bourgeois Espionage: The Bureau of Secret Intelligence During World War I and the State Department’s Battle with Modernity,Journal article,https://michiganjournalhistory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/mich-jour-hist-v11-fall-2014.pdf#page=34,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EH9E5NYH,2014-09-01,Sam Kleinman,,Michigan Journal of History,2024-06-01T09:02:25Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2206,Understanding Russian Disinformation and How the Joint Force Can Address It,Journal article,https://publications.armywarcollege.edu/News/Display/Article/3789933/understanding-russian-disinformation-and-how-the-joint-force-can-address-it/http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.armywarcollege.edu%2FNews%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F3789933%2Funderstanding-russian-disinformation-and-how-the-joint-force-can-address-it%2F,"Russia will dominate information warfare if the United States does not treat disinformation as central to Russian strategy. This article examines the vital role disinformation played in post–Cold War Russian strategy, including its strategy in the current Russia-Ukraine War, and in a departure from previous scholarship, this article observes that US defense leaders are aware of Russian disinformation but have failed to assess its impact or sufficiently negate Russian influence. The article also reviews current US efforts and suggests proactive ways to counter Russia’s disinformation strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A9SHZKEP,2024-05-29,Michael J. Kelley,,US Army War College - Publications,2024-06-01T08:43:47Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2207,Raven Sentry: Employing AI for Indications and Warnings in Afghanistan,Journal article,https://publications.armywarcollege.edu/News/Display/Article/3789950/raven-sentry-employing-ai-for-indications-and-warnings-in-afghanistan/http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.armywarcollege.edu%2FNews%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F3789950%2Fraven-sentry-employing-ai-for-indications-and-warnings-in-afghanistan%2F,"This article examines Raven Sentry, a project that employed artificial intelligence to provide advance warning of insurgent attacks in Afghanistan. During 2019 and 2020, the Resolute Support Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence (J2) benefited from a command culture open to innovation, the urgency created by the US drawdown, and a uniquely talented group of personnel that, aided by commercial sector experts, built an AI system that helped predict attacks. The war’s end cut Raven Sentry short, but the experience provides important lessons on AI and the conditions necessary for successful innovation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LVKYLQUG,2024-05-29,Thomas W. Spahr,,US Army War College - Publications,2024-06-01T08:41:32Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2208,"The Official Record: Oversight, national security and democracy",Book,https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526174338/9781526174338.xml,"Who constructs, controls and preserves the Official Record is often key to documenting and understanding events. However, partly because of its potential to contain evidence of controversial policies and malfeasance, its construction, control and preservation in the arena of national security is inherently contested: with those seeking greater openness and (democratic) accountability arguing 'sunlight is [...] the best of disinfectants’, and others, not always unreasonably, urging stricter information control because, to their mind, sound government arises when advice and policy are formulated secretly. Across seven chapters, this edited volume explores the intersection of the Official Record, oversight, national security and democracy. Via key US, UK and Canadian case studies, all of which are backed up with primary documentation, this volume is designed to help higher-level undergraduate readers and above explore the Official Record in the context of the national security operations of democratic states. All chapters are research-based pieces of original writing that feature a Document Appendix containing primary documents (often excerpts) that are key to a chapter’s narrative. In short, via engagement with a broad range of primary material, this volume interrogates the boundaries between national security, accountability, oversight and the Official Record.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BQWRAK94,2024-05-01,"Peter Finn, Robert Ledger",Manchester University Press,,2024-06-01T07:24:47Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2209,Bias in X (Twitter) and Telegram Based Intelligence Analysis: Exploring Challenges and Potential Mitigating Roles of AI,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-024-02935-w,"Bias identification and mitigation in the social media ecosystem has been lately researched towards achieving a more efficient utilization of social media platforms for different stakeholders and purposes. Among these stakeholders, intelligence services worldwide, collectively called the Intelligence Community (IC), tend to use social media, supplementarily to their pre-extant disciplines, for monitoring areas of interest and identifying emerging social, political and security trends/threats. Over time, the IC has identified bias as the major impediment in information analysis, thus it has developed scientific and empirical methods for bias mitigation, in parallel to those developed by the information and communication technology (ICT) and artificial intelligence (AI) community. As it becomes apparent, it is to both communities’ interest to accurately trace bias and ideally eradicate or moderate its effects. This paper is an extension of a previously presented academic work, in which we drew systemic parallels between Intelligence Analysis (IA) and Twitter Analytics (TA), comparatively examined existing bias mitigating methodologies to identify similarities/dissimilarities, and subsequently investigated the viability of adopting and attuning methodologies from the first field to the latter. Furthermore, we proposed a novel framework for AI-augmented bias mitigation in the IC and simultaneously recommended on a theoretical level, methods and tools, already adapted by the ICT community, for efficiently supporting bias mitigation in each phase of the aforementioned framework. In the current paper, we extend our previous work by implementing the collection phase of the proposed framework on a real-world use case utilizing Telegram as a collection platform. We contribute new insights resulted from our experimentation with a tri-modal source selection approach in which human agents and Large Language Models (LLMs) are involved. The experiments were performed with data collected using one of the correspondingly suggested tools, engineering an equally represented, balanced dataset for the working case.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MRC4YIZ7,2024-05-23,"Alexandros Karakikes, Panagiotis Alexiadis, Konstantinos Kotis",,SN Computer Science,2024-06-01T07:22:33Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1007/s42979-024-02935-w,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4398237165,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4398237165,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,,1.0 2210,AI-Enabled Influence Operations: The Threat to the UK General Election,Report,https://cetas.turing.ac.uk/publications/ai-enabled-influence-operations-threat-uk-general-election,"This CETaS Briefing Paper provides an evidence-based analysis of AI-enabled influence operations that have the potential to undermine the upcoming UK general election, as well as other upcoming democratic elections. The research finds that the current impact of AI on specific election results is limited, but these threats show signs of damaging the broader democratic system. This includes an increasingly degraded and polarised information space, as well as online harassment against deepfake targets, which create risks outside of just the election process. The election threats identified in the research are not new or specific to AI, but have the potential to be enhanced by AI at different stages of the election cycle, and across three categories: campaign threats, information threats and infrastructure threats. The paper provides short-term policy mitigations for UK stakeholders to enhance election resilience and is the first of two CETaS publications on AI and election security. Our final Research Report in September 2024 will provide longer-term policy and technical recommendations for protecting the integrity of democratic processes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D5YQXT3T,2024-05-30,"Sam Stockwell, Megan Hughes, Phil Swatton, Katie Bishop",,,2024-05-30T10:05:31Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'MQMHZUFD']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2211,Everybody Needs Help Sometimes: Facilitators of Soviet Defectors’ Publications,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2345056,"Soviet intelligence officer defectors arrived in their new countries lacking skills that translated easily into postdefection jobs. To earn money, they often turned to the one asset they had—their stories. To publish their stories, they had to work with a variety of facilitators who connected them with publishing companies and distributed their works. Those helpers can be characterized into four categories: activists/dissidents, academics, journalists, and intelligence practitioners. Helpers were sometimes connected to and supported by a Western government, particularly the United States or United Kingdom, and the resulting work reflected the Cold War ideological competition. However, government sponsorship was not always the case, and some helpers expressed views that extended beyond the receiving government’s policy or that criticized the handling agency. In any case, most defectors could not have published their works without the helpers’ support.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B76D5D7W,2024-05-28,Kevin P. Riehle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-05-30T09:04:58Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2345056,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399074519,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2345056, 2212,"“Zelensky, Ukraine & Intelligence” – with Simon Shuster",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/635/notes,Simon Shuster joins Andrew to discuss President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Ukraine. Simon is a senior correspondent at TIME.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5AXK4ZVQ,2024-05-28,Simon Shuster,,,2024-05-30T09:02:21Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2213,How a crippling intelligence loss led the CIA on a mole hunt,Newspaper article,https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/how-a-crippling-intelligence-loss-led-the-cia-on-a-mole-hunt,"Jerry Chun Shing Lee, a former CIA officer, was arrested this week on charges of mishandling classified information. A massive mole hunt inside the agency has been on for years for the person who may have helped the Chinese government roll up a significant piece of the U.S. spying network in that country. John Yang learns more from Adam Goldman of The New York Times.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S36JCAN5,2018-01-18T18:30:28-04:00,PBS NewsHour,,PBS NewsHour,2024-05-30T06:41:57Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2214,Open Source Intelligence Strategy,Report,https://www.state.gov/open-source-intelligence-strategy/,"The explosion of open source intelligence (OSINT) in recent years has transformed how governments and people around the world consume and process information about society and global issues. The abundance and accessibility of OSINT has made it an essential source of data to enrich intelligence analysis, inform U.S. diplomats and policymakers, and enable intelligence diplomacy. In this new era, the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) must harness the power and potential of OSINT to empower American diplomacy. To realize this vision, I am pleased to share INR’s inaugural OSINT strategy. The new INR OSINT Strategy is a key part of our modernization agenda and complements the broader Intelligence Community OSINT Strategy 2024-2026. The INR OSINT Strategy focuses on developing sound governance and policy guidance regarding the use of OSINT, investing in OSINT capabilities and resources, strengthening OSINT training and analytic tradecraft, and deepening cooperation on OSINT with allies and partners, industry, academia, and other nongovernmental entities. Together, these actions will help INR realize the full potential of OSINT in an efficient, secure, and responsible manner while continuing to deliver expert insights to U.S. diplomats and State Department officials worldwide.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WPWG8NRM,2024-05-28,Bureau of Intelligence and Research,,,2024-05-29T21:28:15Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2215,Why the State Department's intelligence agency may be the best in DC,Newspaper article,https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/351638/the-obscure-federal-intelligence-bureau-that-got-vietnam-iraq-and-ukraine-right,INR is “almost always right.” How come nobody has heard of it?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VYDP9NCK,2024-05-28T10:00:00+00:00,Dylan Matthews,,Vox,2024-05-29T08:42:41Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2216,The Dhofar War: British Covert Campaigning in Arabia 1965-1975,Book,https://www.exeterpress.co.uk/products/the-dhofar-war,"Between 1965 and 1975, Britain discreetly supported the Sultanate of Oman in achieving a historic Cold War-era counterinsurgency win in its remote Dhofar Province. To date, this role has traditionally been represented either in terms of a narrow operational success or has been reduced to one of failure-oriented peripheral player. The Dhofar War: British Covert Campaigning in Arabia 1965–1975 re-examines the historical record to present a more balanced verdict of the war and the overall importance of the UK’s role. In an original approach, the author puts forward the case that the hitherto undersold scale of UK military and non-martial assistance to Oman during the Dhofar War was the primary war-winning factor. Alongside this, he makes the key assertion that Britain’s role changed significantly throughout—from dominance in facilitating the war’s prosecution, to one that was more advisory or support oriented as the Sultanate fought back against a communist-backed insurgency. With in-depth research undertaken in archives and collections in the UK and Oman, the author caters for a broad international audience. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of military, counterinsurgency and Middle Eastern/Arabian Peninsula history, the military and governmental policy community, and members of the public with an interest in this region’s history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KSFKASQW,2024-05-28,Stephen Quick,University of Exeter Press,,2024-05-27T21:48:12Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2217,Echoes of War: Deciphering Chinese Military Strategy through the Lens of US Intelligence History.,Journal article,https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd:177257479?sid=ebsco:plink:crawler&id=ebsco:gcd:177257479,"This article delves into the impact of Chinese military strategy during the Korean War and its interplay with US intelligence at the time. It posits that intelligence analysts must grasp Chinese military strategy as a cornerstone of their training to enhance their effectiveness in estimative, current, and warning intelligence for operational gains. Drawing from an array of authoritative primary and secondary sources, it seeks to illuminate instructive insights through a juxtaposition of Chinese strategic maneuvers and US intelligence efficacy. By joining select multiservice and multiagency experiences, this article propels the performance of the US intelligence community today, offering a yardstick to gauge contemporary advancements. Intelligence analysts and operational planning teams markedly enhance their achievements by drawing from historical precedents to decipher Chinese intentions and capabilities. Embracing this paradigm equips military operations to adeptly tackle the realistic tactical, operational, and strategic challenges confronting US forces.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SDGG5BFG,2024-05-01,Zachary Brouillard,,Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs,2024-05-26T22:14:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2218,"IN THE SHADOW OF DECEPTION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NORMAN MAILER'S ""HARLOT'S GHOST” / ALL'OMBRA DELL'INGANNO: UNA RECENSIONE ESAUSTIVA DI ""HARLOT'S GHOST"" DI NORMAN MAILER",Journal article,https://oapub.org/lit/index.php/EJLS/article/view/526,"Norman Mailer's ""Harlot's Ghost"" is a monumental exploration of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) set against the backdrop of Cold War America. Spanning over 1,300 pages, the novel intricately weaves historical events with fictional narratives, tracing the career of CIA officer Harry Hubbard. Mailer's ambitious storytelling, complex character development, and deep thematic inquiries into truth, loyalty, and moral ambiguity offer readers a profound meditation on espionage and its psychological impacts. This review delves into the novel's narrative structure, character arcs, thematic depth, historical accuracy, and prose style, highlighting its significance and legacy in espionage literature.""Harlot's Ghost"" di Norman Mailer è un'esplorazione monumentale della Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) ambientata sullo sfondo dell'America della Guerra Fredda. Con oltre 1.300 pagine, il romanzo intreccia in modo intricato eventi storici con narrazioni fittizie, tracciando la carriera dell'ufficiale della CIA Harry Hubbard. La narrazione ambiziosa di Mailer, lo sviluppo complesso dei personaggi e le profonde indagini tematiche sulla verità, la lealtà e l'ambiguità morale offrono ai lettori una profonda meditazione sullo spionaggio e i suoi impatti psicologici. Questa recensione analizza la struttura narrativa del romanzo, gli archi dei personaggi, la profondità tematica, l'accuratezza storica e lo stile della prosa, evidenziando la sua importanza e il suo lascito nella letteratura di spionaggio. Article visualizations:",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4CAPJ4C,2024-05-19,"Ricardo Viola, Chen Huy",,European Journal of Literary Studies,2024-05-26T22:13:03Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.46827/ejls.v5i2.526,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2219,India–Israel Cooperation in Spy Satellites: Materialism to Idealism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2024.2357516,"This article argues that India–Israel cooperation in space-based imagery originated under a realist logic but has been developing under an increasingly strong value-based commitment in countering terrorism. In this regard, the relationship is somewhat like the UK-US signals intelligence sharing arrangement that was originally formed to defeat the Axis powers but strengthened over shared values in countering communism and then international terrorism. To establish this, the article provides the first detailed account of the evolution of the Indo-Israel spy satellites cooperation and offers fresh insights into the future trajectory considering the recent security developments affecting India and Israel.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U66N8HWW,2024-05-23,"Vineeth Krishnan, Dheeraj Paramesha Chaya",Routledge,Strategic Analysis,2024-05-26T22:11:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'PBHFUE8W']",10.1080/09700161.2024.2357516,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4398270976,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/file/4701650/1/Accepted%20manuscript, 2220,Covert Connections: The LinkedIn Recruitment Ruse Targeting Defense Insiders,Journal article,https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd:177257472?sid=ebsco:plink:crawler&id=ebsco:gcd:177257472,"Foreign adversaries, particularly China, are exploiting LinkedIn to conduct virtual espionage against current and former US Department of Defense (DOD) members. They create fake profiles and lucrative job solicitations to entice targets into divulging sensitive information or becoming recruited assets. This low-risk, low-cost tactic circumvents robust physical and cybersecurity defenses. Every DOD professional is a potential target, from senior leaders to junior personnel, as adversaries seek insights into future capabilities, vulnerabilities, research, operational concepts, and human intelligence networks. Successful recruitment can devastate national security by enabling technological replication, battlefield strategy countering, and compromising of critical personnel. Consequences for individuals include potential treason charges and ruined careers. To combat this threat, a focused US government counterespionage campaign is recommended, coupled with enhanced training, policies, and legal statutes explicitly addressing virtual espionage. Defensive measures must match the scale and sophistication of the virtual threat.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JELJWJ2B,2024-05-01,"Lisenbee Ii, Caleb S",,Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs,2024-05-26T22:10:27Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2221,“The Real Ian Fleming” with Nicholas Shakespeare,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/634/notes,Nicholas Shakespeare joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the life and legacy of Ian Fleming. Nicholas is an award-winning novelist and biographer.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AU5TMWSX,2024-05-21,Nicholas Shakespeare,,,2024-05-26T22:08:59Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2222,"American-German Diplomacy, Intelligence, and Switzerland: James McNally and Secret Peace Talks in the First World War",Journal article,https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bk3z12j,"James C. McNally, the American Vice Consul in Zürich, Switzerland during the First World War occupied an important position in American-German diplomacy during the conflict. His influence came from his relationship to his son-in-law, the German naval officer, Friedrich Mensing. The American government placed McNally in Switzerland in order to leverage this relationship and report valuable intelligence back to Washington. He also came to be seen as important by the German government in Berlin, owing to his ability and willingness to forward peace negotiations directly to top American officials. McNally worked in an attempt to lay the groundwork for a peace deal, going against his official instructions from the State Department and leading to him being viewed with suspicion by his colleagues and superiors. James McNally engaged in these unauthorized, secret peace talks as an active way of furthering his own importance and in an attempt to advance his career.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NWKJN9BS,2024-04-01,Chase Estes,,The UC Santa Barbara Undergraduate Journal of History,2024-05-24T08:14:59Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2223,India’s Space-based ISR Capabilities and Regional Deterrence,Journal article,https://bjssh.buitms.edu.pk/index.php/content/article/view/44,"India is expeditiously enhancing its space-based Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. The presence of Indian military assets in space is a subject of debate in relation to the Chinese space program, eliciting concerns from Pakistan regarding the trajectory of its nuclear deterrence. Pakistan's acquisition of nuclear weapons was motivated by the aim to dissuade its significantly larger and more powerful adversary, India, from infringing upon its territorial sovereignty. The nuclear deterrence strategy of Pakistan is founded on the principles of the Perfect Deterrence Theory, a departure from the Classical Deterrence Theory which was prevalent in analyzing the deterrence dynamics between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War era. The research delves into the repercussions of India's space-based ISR capabilities on the nuclear deterrence and strategic stance of Pakistan. The expansion of India's military space program, coupled with its substantial focus and resources allocated to supersonic cruise missiles and ballistic missile defense systems, signals India's efforts to bolster its First Strike capability vis-a-vis Pakistan's key strategic assets and installations. The advancements will have a significant influence on deterrence stability in South Asia by raising the probability of a nuclear escalation in upcoming times. The advancements are poised to have a significant influence on the maintenance of deterrence stability in the South Asian region, given their potential to raise the probability of a nuclear escalation in subsequent times.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZJECVM7J,2024-05-01,Muhammad Zeeshan,,BUITEMS JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES,2024-05-23T06:26:39Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2224,Between Three Nerds: The strategic culture of Russian intelligence,Podcast,https://risky.biz/BTN79/,"In this edition of Between Three Nerds Tom Uren and The Grugq talk to Elena Grossfeld about the strategic culture of Russian intelligence organisations. In the discussion we refer to Elena’s paper on Russia’s declining satellite reconnaissance capability and she talks about ‘lustration’, the removal of public officials who are associated with a tainted political regime. Elena is researching Russian and Soviet intelligence culture at Kings College London and is on X @kloosha.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VPHQTDA9,2024-05-21,Elena Grossfeld,,,2024-05-22T15:17:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2225,Privacy in an Age of Cybersurveillance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.7116,"This article provides an update en events since Edward Snowden, an employee of a National Security Agency (NSA) contractor, stole and released thousands of classified documents in 2013, revealing that the U.S. government was engaged in a massive secret cybersurveilance operation that was amassing information about people all over the world, including U.S. citizens. In the U.S., Snowden’s revelations sparked a spirited debate regarding privacy rights, and in particular whether the U.S. cybersurveillance operation was appropriate in a democratic system. This article describes the scope of the cybersuveillance program, and examines how the courts and Congress responded to the Snowden revelations, and (in particular) how U.S. society evolved in the following years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/77M4NJ8R,2024-05-17,Russell L. Weaver,Ludovika University Press,PUBLIC GOVERNANCE ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCES LAW REVIEW,2024-05-20T07:29:35Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2226,"Secret History: State Surveillance in New Zealand, 1900–1956",Book,https://aucklanduniversitypress.co.nz/secret-history-state-surveillance-in-new-zealand-1900-1956/,"In 1900, a handful of New Zealand police detectives watched out for spies, seditionists and others who might pose a threat to state and society. The Police Force remained the primary instrument of such human intelligence in New Zealand until 1956 when, a decade into the Cold War, a dedicated Security Service was created. Over the same period, New Zealand’s role within signals intelligence networks evolved from the Imperial Wireless Chain to the UKUSA intelligence alliance (now known as Five Eyes). The first of two volumes chronicling the history of state surveillance in New Zealand, Secret History opens up the ‘secret world’ of security intelligence through to 1956. It is the story of the surveillers who – in times of war and peace, turmoil and tranquillity – monitored and analysed perceived threats to national interests. It is also the story of the surveilled: those whose association with organisations and movements led to their public and private lives being documented in secret files. Secret History explores a hidden and intriguing dimension of New Zealand history, one which sits uneasily with cherished national notions of an exceptionally fair and open society.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IMIG6SF6,2023-07-13,"Richard S. Hill, Steven Loveridge",Auckland University Press,,2024-05-18T07:51:43Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2227,Submarines and naval layered defence in the first world war,Thesis,http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/29011,"This dissertation provides an entirely new understanding of British submarine policy and Royal Navy submarine operations during the First World War. British submarines operating in the North Sea were an enabling technology that freed the different surface warship types to be used to achieve their full potential. The Admiralty was thus able to implement flexible layered defence systems that were developed and modified to meet the changing strategic demands. The immediate prewar commissioning of overseas type submarines capable of conducting an observational blockade off the German North Sea littoral relieved the dangerous need for surface warships to operate such a blockade. These submarines provided a solution to the “North Sea Problem” that had been causing such great concern to the Admiralty. This rather than secret and unwritten plans to defend Britain by so-called ‘flotilla defence’ drove British submarine policy. During the war, the Admiralty was very quick to identify new operational requirements and new submarines were designed and built to provide specialist capabilities. The infrastructure to support submarine operations was also established with fixed bases and mobile depot ships. Submarines were integrated with surface warships in mutually supporting layers. In addition to the observational roles, the fleet submarines were to accompany the Grand Fleet, and in a fleet action to manoeuvre to attack the High Seas Fleet on its disengaged side. Minelaying submarines penetrated deep into the Heligoland Bight to positions inaccessible to surface minelayers. In anti-U Boat warfare, submarines were positioned in layered patrol areas integrated with surface warships. Weapon systems and equipment were also developed rapidly that expanded submarine capabilities. Postwar layered defence systems continued to be enhanced with new naval technologies and new strategic requirements, and they are still relevant today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ETYFSR8Z,2024,Robert Metcalfe,,,2024-05-18T07:54:28Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,PhD Thesis,Brunel University London,,,,,,,,, 2228,The security efforts of the spy agency and the espionage system in stability and continuation of Masoud Ghaznavi's government based on the history of Beyhaqi,Journal article,https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_97038_en.html,"In political geography, establishing ""security"" is one of the main elements in maintaining sovereignty and exercising government power. This political concept is a determinant of the power of a government and a sign of the stability and strength of its rule. In fact, one of the tools of the governments' cross-border power is the security function of the spy system; Because the power, security and interests of a government are not provided only within its borders, but include a territory without borders.The news system or spy system is not a new thing and a product of modern governments, but it has a long history of human history. The espionage system was very widespread in Iranian governments before and after Islam. The position of spy and informant in Iran's governments can be well understood in the histories left from the past. Investigating the espionage system and its role in the governance and security of the Ghaznavid government as one of the governments formed in Iran with a vast and heterogeneous territory in which there has been a lot of internal and external espionage activity, is the main topic of this article. The key question of the present article is what is the importance and security function of the espionage system and what is its place in the continuity of Sultan Masoud Ghaznavi's government? Also, how did the ups and downs of the Ghaznavid government and its security depend on intelligence? The purpose of this article is how to use spies and their decisive influence on the security and political decisions of Sultan Masoud Ghaznavid inside and outside the geographical territory of the government, which covers from Khwarezm to Ray.The current research is based on the complex espionage system in the Ghaznavid government and the rulers' need for spies' information and news.This research is a type of historical research that has been written using a descriptive-analytical method and a qualitative method with reference to historical sources and especially the history of Beyhaqi.In all governments, considering the types of threats they face, it is always necessary to obtain internal and external news for the stability and continuity of the government and the country and to maintain internal and external security, especially during internal or external wars. All these points, in addition to mistrust and skepticism towards government agents, not being sure of the rebellion of subordinates are also important factors of the need to know about secret news and assigning spies. This breaks the borders and is beyond the boundaries of territories and governments.Since Beyhaghi himself was one of the political agents of the Ghaznavid court and worked in the critical point of this government, namely Diwan Rasail. He has complete access to secret correspondences and letters of spies and the answers of the Sultan and courtiers to them. By bringing these writings in his history, he introduces us to the espionage apparatus and their role and importance in expanding security and stabilizing the Ghaznavid government, especially during the time of Sultan Masoud Ghaznavid. In the past, more security means the security of the Sultan's person and the security of his sovereignty. In Ghaznavid rule, due to the lack of trust and sense of insecurity that had taken root in all parts of the court and government, it was inevitable to expand the espionage system in order to increase the security of the sultan and the durability of his rule. Perhaps the main reason for the rise and fall of the Ghaznavids cannot be considered to rely on its espionage system, but this complex and large system was not ineffective in stabilizing the security and government, especially the government of Sultan Masoud Ghaznavid, and even in his defeat of the Seljuqs and the fall of the Ghaznavid government.The current research is based on the complex espionage system in the Ghaznavid government and the rulers' need for spies' information and news. The results of the current research lead us to the influence of espionage in the course of the Ghaznavid government, So that the continuation of political life and increasing the security and power of Sultan Masoud's government depends a lot on Menhian and his spies. The most important reasons for Sultan Masoud's use of spies are: Masoud's skepticism towards his father and his lack of safety for his life. The division in the Ghaznavid government system between the Mahmudites and the Masoudites, which itself was the cause of mistrust and assigning spies to each other. In general, the role and security function of spies and menhians is very important for the formation of Sultan Massoud's government and its stabilization. Perhaps the main reason for the rise and fall of the Ghaznavid government cannot be considered to rely on its spy system, but this complex and large system was not without influence in the stability of the government, especially the government of Masoud Ghaznavid, and even in his defeat of the Seljuqs and the fall of the Ghaznavid government.The results lead us to the influence of espionage in the foundations of the Ghaznavid government, so that the continuation of political life and the increase in the security and power of Sultan Masoud Ghaznavi's government depend a lot on Monhian and his spies. Since Beyhaqi is aware of all the letters due to his proximity to power and his presence in the Court of Letters and recorded most of them in his history, it can be well understood that in many important government issues and country decisions, traces of secret agents and spies' letters are used to maintain security of internal and external borders of Sultan Masoud Ghaznavi's government territory.Key words: Ghaznavid government, Beyhaqi history, espionage, security, Sultan Masoud.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8N7HSJY6,2024-05-15,"Marjan Badiee Azandahi, Rasoul Afzali, Jahangir Moini Alamdari, Atefe Golfeshan",University of Tehran,Human Geography Research,2024-05-18T07:49:19Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.22059/jhgr.2024.368537.1008651,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2229,How the West has struggled to keep up with China’s spy threat,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cmm33rm32veo,"For years, Western spy agencies have talked of a need to focus on China, but senior officials say the threat has not been taken seriously enough.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EFPSC6P8,2024-05-15,Gordon Corera,,BBC News,2024-05-17T21:31:37Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2230,Close yet far? Further understanding Intelligence Liaison over 20 years after 9/11,Preprint,https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4732647,"To further understand ""intelligence liaison"" after over 20 years since 9/11, intelligence liaison ""systems"" and ""enterprises"", indeed ""ecosystems"", are worthy of more central positioning in analyses. Simultaneously benefiting practice through enhanced uptake to embedding, that greater foregrounding is necessitated as today - facilitated via federation-/system-of-systems-based factors and indicators - ""Intelligence Engineering"" prevails increasingly dominantly in and across all intelligence to defence and security contexts with much shaping impact. Both the future study and practice of intelligence liaison, including intelligence work occurring more generally, can considerably benefit through the timely adoption and advancement of these more sophisticated approaches.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RZ7IC23B,2024-02-20,Adam Svendsen,,,2024-05-17T14:43:37Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.2139/ssrn.4732647,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392935601,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392935601,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4732647,0.0 2231,U.S. Intelligence Is Facing a Crisis of Legitimacy,Magazine article,https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/05/16/united-states-intelligence-public-opinion-cia-section-702/,Bad-faith attacks are putting U.S. security in danger.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YJAVUCZA,2024-05-16,"David V. Gioe, Michael S. Goodman, Michael V. Hayden",,Foreign Policy,2024-05-16T18:13:56Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2232,“Codebreaking and Codemaking Down Under” – with John Blaxland and Clare Birgin,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/633/notes,John Blaxland and Clare Birgin join Andrew Hammond to discuss Australian codebreaking. John and Clare are coauthors of the new book Revealing Secrets.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3CLKDCXZ,2024-05-14,"John Blaxland, Claire Birgin",,,2024-05-14T20:20:54Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2233,The Cambridge Five Spy Ring: The Notorious Bane of the British Government,Conference paper,https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2024/papers/11,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C6IA8WS2,2024-05-03,Jenna McComas,,,2024-05-13T09:45:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2234,"Raising Malcolm’s Ghost: Black Radicalism, Third World Internationalism, and Counterintelligence in Lauren Wilkinson’s American Spy",Journal article,https://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.61.2.0365,"ABSTRACT. This article considers the “warring ideals” (Du Bois, Souls of Black Folks) of Black American solidarity with Third World Internationalism and complicity in U.S. imperialism through a reading of Lauren Wilkinson’s American Spy (2019). The novel, a spy thriller, centers on the life and experience of Marie Mitchell, a Black woman FBI agent recruited by the CIA to further an assassination plot against Thomas Sankara, the charismatic socialist leader of Burkina Faso. The story puts individual career advancement in the service of American imperialism in direct tension with the larger collectivist goals of Black and Third World liberation. Thus, the novel invites an exploration of the geopolitical implications of Du Bois’s famous formulation about Black American double consciousness, a formulation most often considered solely as a matter of individual psychology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ML9EX3VV,2024-05-13,Cedric R. Tolliver,Duke University Press,Comparative Literature Studies,2024-05-13T09:44:38Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.5325/complitstudies.61.2.0365,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396789943,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2235,"Israeli National Intelligence Culture: Problem-solving, Exceptionalism, and Pragmatism",Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003485445/israeli-national-intelligence-culture-itai-shapira,"The book offers a novel conceptualization of Israeli national intelligence culture, describing the way in which Israelis perceive and practise intelligence. Different nations have different national intelligence cultures, relying on different ideas of intelligence, and perceiving and practising intelligence in different ways. Written by a former senior intelligence officer, this is the first study dedicated to Israeli intelligence culture and the way it reflects Israeli strategic culture. Relying on more than 30 elite interviews with acting and former Israeli practitioners, the book highlights the Israeli aversion to intelligence theory and scientific methods, as well as to the structured management of the intelligence system at the national level. It describes the intelligence service’s emphasis on contrarian thinking and moral courage as the foundations of intelligence professionalism, and the growing inclination of Israeli intelligence towards action and influence. Intelligence is perceived and practised by Israelis as a tool for problem-solving, addressing unique Israeli challenges. While some traits of the Israeli national intelligence culture have contributed to its high reputation and its ‘success story’, others might have also contributed to its failure in anticipating the Hamas terrorist attack on October 2023, or have remained aspirational norms rather than realized practice. The October 2023 failure, as that of the Yom Kippur War in 1973, will undoubtfully influence Israeli national intelligence culture for many years to come. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, Israeli politics, strategic studies, and International Relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LE86UHNU,2024-10-18,Itai Shapira,Routledge,,2024-05-13T07:20:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2236,"The The 7 October Hamas Attack: A Preliminary Assessment of the Israeli Intelligence, Military and Policy Failures",Journal article,https://folyoirat.ludovika.hu/index.php/aarms/article/view/7168,"On 7 October 2023, Palestinian militants led by Hamas launched a complex coordinated attack on Israel from the Gaza Strip, triggering an Israeli ground invasion combined with an aerial bombing campaign. The Hamas fighters killed around 1,200 people and took more than 250 hostages, while the death toll from Israeli military operations in the Gaza Strip exceeded 31,600 in mid-March 2024. The Hamas attack not only shocked the whole world but also caught most people by surprise. Probably only a few could have imagined that the Palestinian organisation that controls the Gaza Strip could carry out such an attack on Israel. Following 7 October, several questions arose. Why Israeli intelligence could not predict the attack, and why did security and defence forces not react in time? The Israeli Government promised a full investigation once the Gaza ground offensive launched in response to the attack was over. But even without knowing more details of the events, we might still be able to provide a preliminary assessment of the surrounding Israeli intelligence failures based on the reports and accounts made public in the international media. Three months after the attack, the publicly available information showed that the Israel Defense Forces were unprepared and there was no battle plan in place in case Hamas militants broke out of the Gaza Strip with large forces. Clarifying what happened will be crucial not only to learn from the mistakes, but also because other actors or adversaries can learn from Hamas and copy its tactics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UZAS5TL8,2024-04-30,Selján Péter,,AARMS – Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science,2024-05-13T07:19:30Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.32565/aarms.2024.1.5,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396695036,12.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4396695036,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://folyoirat.ludovika.hu/index.php/aarms/article/download/7168/5845,0.0 2237,Espionage counteraction as national security paradigm of 21st century,Journal article,https://uaforeignaffairs.com/en/journal-article/164,"The research relevance is determined by the advancement of technologies in contemporary society, which expand the possibilities and methods for committing espionage crimes. Accordingly, countering espionage in all its modern manifestations is an urgent task for the authorities and the legal system. The study aims to explore espionage, modern tactics, and strategies employed by global leaders to counter it, with a particular focus on the legal aspects. The primary approach utilized in this study is comparative legal analysis, which was used to analyse the approaches of states of several continents in countering espionage to protect national security. The formal legal method was also employed. The research involved a legal examination of the concept of “espionage” and explored various approaches adopted by states with differing economic statuses to combat contemporary espionage techniques. Additionally, a comparative assessment of national legal frameworks aimed at identifying new espionage methods, preventing criminal offences against national security, and mitigating the adverse effects of espionage on governmental, political, economic, and social domains was conducted. Primarily, the study holds theoretical significance, as it culminates in a comparative analysis of espionage countermeasures across states with varying economic capacities. These findings could potentially inform enhancements to espionage countermeasures within state systems, where such tools are obsolete and fail to address contemporary challenges effectively in the face of new technological ways of committing a criminal offence against national security by espionage",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MK23GTH8,2024-03-05,Stepan Dmytrenko,,Foreign Affairs,2024-05-11T13:28:12Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.46493/2663-2675.34(1).2024.57,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396232346,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4396232346,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://uaforeignaffairs.com/web/uploads/articles/files/38/164/Foreign_Affairs_Vol.34_No.1_2024-57-62.pdf,1.0 2238,"Comrade Kryuchkov’s “War Scare” (1983), or the Bureaucratic Origins of the “Able Archer” War-Scare Thesis",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2334198,"Many historians argue that the world came to the brink of nuclear war during the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s Able Archer nuclear-release exercise in November 1983. This war-scare thesis originated with Soviet defector Oleg Gordievsky, who made this assertion based on several telegrams that he had seen at the State Committee for Security (KGB) residency in London in 1983. The article contextualizes and analyzes the telegrams based on the statements of leading officers of the KGB’s First Chief Directorate (FCD), responsible for foreign intelligence, to their Soviet-bloc colleagues in the years 1981 to 1983. Based on this analysis, the telegrams that Gordievsky cited had not “created a vicious spiral which was steadily and dangerously raising tension in Moscow,” as he later asserted. Instead, they reflected the bureaucratic strivings of the head of the FCD, Vladimir Kryuchkov, to finally develop an early-warning system against Western military attack, which he had narrowed down to potential nuclear-missile attack (Raketno-Yadernoe Napadenie).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WPBZXQW5,2024-05-08,Douglas Selvage,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-05-10T07:44:16Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2334198,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396747387,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2239,Chapter 8 The IAEA and the dynamics of intelligence sharing,Book chapter,https://vernonpress.com/book/1963,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LBIASXWV,2024-06-04,Robert Reardon,Vernon Press,,2024-05-09T22:09:42Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,Topics and approaches to studying intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2240,Chapter 3 Demystifying private-sector security intelligence teams: Unlocking their value in strategic decision-making,Book chapter,https://vernonpress.com/book/1963,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZHI7UV4N,2024-06-04,Angela M. Lewis,Vernon Press,,2024-05-09T21:54:33Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'R2V36RN8']",,Topics and approaches to studying intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2241,Chapter 6 Advancing the intelligence profession: The case for accreditation in intelligence studies,Book chapter,https://vernonpress.com/book/1963,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W8YFIGWW,2024-06-04,"James D. Ramsay, Barry Zulauf",Vernon Press,,2024-05-09T22:07:28Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Topics and approaches to studying intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2242,Chapter 7 Official public intelligence disclosure as a tool of foreign policy,Book chapter,https://vernonpress.com/book/1963,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5P8LJEPP,2024-06-04,Ofek Riemer,Vernon Press,,2024-05-09T22:08:44Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,Topics and approaches to studying intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2243,"Chapter 5 Analysis, collection, counterintelligence, and covert action, oh my...: Evaluating coverage of the intelligence disciplines in academic journals",Book chapter,https://vernonpress.com/book/1963,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K22JYT84,2024-06-04,Doug Patteson,Vernon Press,,2024-05-09T21:56:44Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,Topics and approaches to studying intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2244,"Chapter 4 Constructing spies: Organizations, gender, and embodiment",Book chapter,https://vernonpress.com/book/1963,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U9Q3G3CT,2024-06-04,Bridget Rose Nolan,Vernon Press,,2024-05-09T21:55:45Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Topics and approaches to studying intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2245,Chapter 2 Predicting intelligence alliances,Book chapter,https://vernonpress.com/book/1963,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TNC2M6A8,2024-06-04,"Katharine Cunningham, Andrew Macpherson",Vernon Press,,2024-05-09T21:53:17Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Topics and approaches to studying intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2246,"Chapter 1 Beyond information: Analysis, analysts, and intelligence",Book chapter,https://vernonpress.com/book/1963,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IL97RRSY,2024-06-04,John J. Borek,Vernon Press,,2024-05-09T21:52:20Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,Topics and approaches to studying intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2247,Topics and approaches to studying intelligence,Book,https://vernonpress.com/book/1963,"The goal of ""Topics and approaches to studying intelligence"" is to bring into sharper focus the evolving nature of intelligence studies, which is in the midst of a period of significant expansion that is taking place across a number of dimensions. Working on this foundation of past and contemporary analytic intelligence studies, the chapters in ""Topics and approaches to studying intelligence"" highlight areas of debate and disagreement, provide insight into new areas of study and broaden the methodological toolset used by researchers. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches investigate analysis, alliances, competitive/private sector intelligence, gendered practices of intelligence agencies, the nature of intelligence studies scholarship, accreditation, intelligence disclosure for diplomacy, and the sharing of nuclear-related intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E99QHFD3,2024-06-04,"Andrew Macpherson, Glenn P. Hastedt",Vernon Press,,2024-05-09T21:49:34Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2248,‘Honeypots’ and influence operations: China’s spies turn to Europe,Newspaper article,https://www.ft.com/content/6c115d61-7948-457e-ace9-f65c3cbb6ee9,Arrests in Germany and UK point to growing scale and ambition of Chinese espionage operations,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HWBB2NW,2024-04-29T04:00:12.539Z,"John Paul Rathbone, Joe Leahy",,Financial Times,2024-05-08T10:01:03Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2249,Russia’s Declining Satellite Reconnaissance Capabilities and Its Implications for Security and International Stability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2330848,"Satellite-based intelligence has played a crucial role in national security and international stability. This article explores the persistent decline in Russia’s satellite reconnaissance capabilities since the Cold War’s end, challenging hopes for recovery and highlighting systemic issues. It delves into the impact on Russia’s military actions in Ukraine, where the absence of satellites contributes to indiscriminate shelling and higher military casualties. Furthermore, it examines the repercussions on nuclear arms control and the peaceful use of space, critical for global stability. As Russia struggles with reconnaissance gaps, its pursuit of antisatellite weapons poses a threat to the principle of space for peace. This analysis aims to deepen insights into the intelligence decline during the Russia–Ukraine conflict and its potential ramifications for international stability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SZ5R42DK,2024-05-08,Elena Grossfeld,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-05-08T19:05:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'PBHFUE8W']",10.1080/08850607.2024.2330848,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396720742,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4396720742,2024.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2024.2330848?download=true,0.0 2250,The Nuclear Iran “Concept” Is Already Here: Time Is Short to Prevent Israel’s—and America’s—Next Calamitous Intelligence Failure,Blog post,https://www.hudson.org/arms-control-nonproliferation/nuclear-iran-concept-time-short-israel-america-jonathan-schachter,Groupthink and unchallenged false assumptions about enemy capabilities and decision-making led to the disasters of the 1973 Yom Kippur War and the 2023 Hamas-led terrorist invasion of Israel. The lessons of these failures demand that Israel’s political and military leadership and their American counterparts immediately reconsider their assumptions about the Iranian nuclear threat to avoid an even costlier miscalculation.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PEM8CS9H,2024-05-01,Jonathan Schachter,,,2024-05-08T09:27:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2251,"Intelligence Gathering in a World with A.I. with David Gioe, PhD",Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=seumv6JKe3Y,"GNSI's Academic Director, David Oakley, PhD has a conversation with David Gioe, PhD, a Visiting Professor of Intelligence and International Security in the Department of War Studies, to talk about how information gathering has changed with the implementation of artificial intelligence. ________________________________________ GNSI is a nonpartisan institution whose mission is to provide actionable solutions to 21st-century security challenges for decision-makers at the local, state, national, and global levels. Visit our website to find out more: https://www.usf.edu/GNSI If you’d like to see more of our videos and content, subscribe to this channel and turn on notifications here: / @usf_gnsi Engage with GNSI here: X (Twitter): twitter.com/USF_GNSI Linkedin: linkedin.com/company/usfgnsi",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M6ZKSSZ6,2024-04-29,David V. Gioe,,,2024-05-03T16:11:50Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2252,Now We Can See Your Every Step! Satellite Surveillance of the Soviet Tactical Nuclear Bases in Eastern Europe,Magazine article,https://aargonline.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AARGnews68.pdf,"This paper explores the subject of spy satellite surveillance conducted on 12 Soviet tactical nuclear bases constructed in Eastern Europe during the late 1960s. The analysis draws upon imagery from CORONA and HEXAGON satellites, declassified CIA reports, and official documents from the Warsaw Pact. Empha- sising the significance of preliminary knowledge and the serendipity effect in pho- to interpretation, the narrative will shed light on how these factors influenced the understanding and uncovering of crucial information within the imagery.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P9QZPYFG,2024-04-01,Grzegorz Kiarszys,,AARGnews,2024-05-03T10:26:50Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'PBHFUE8W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2253,The Cossack Variation: A “Realistic” Cold War Spy Novel,Thesis,https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/634541/,"The Cossack Variation: A “Realistic” Cold War Spy Novel is a practice-related thesis that combines an analytical commentary with a creative writing portfolio, namely a novel intended to be of publishable quality. The central point of contention is the idea that spy fiction can be divided into two strands: the more “romantic”, “sensationalist” or “heroic” variant epitomised by Ian Fleming’s James Bond stories and the more “realistic” approach for which the standard-bearer is John le Carré. The aim of the thesis is, through an interrogation of this alleged bifurcation by means a critical review of relevant scholarly research and a wide range of Cold War spy fiction, to examine and define the concept of “realistic” spy fiction, before applying the results of that examination to the writing of a novel which centres on the hunt for a mole in the upper echelons of the CIA. The thesis is divided into three parts. Part One introduces the critical contexts and theoretical framework for the novel that constitutes Part Two. Part Three comprises a reflective commentary that reviews the writing process as well as the relationship between Parts One and Two. The original contribution of the thesis to knowledge and practice is threefold. Firstly, it reviews, develops and intervenes in the existing literature on “realistic” spy fiction. Secondly, the novel, loosely based on the exploits of real-life double agents Aldrich Ames and Ryszard Kuklinski, is intent on catalysing an innovative rethink of the genre. It is designed to challenge deeply ingrained stereotypes of twentieth-century spy fiction by foregrounding a woman FBI agent as one of its two protagonists and deliberately opting for a 1980s setting widely eschewed by other recent writers in the genre. Further, it innovatively balances the representation of historical truth with an interest in the narrative craft in the handling of material previously unaddressed in written fiction. Thirdly, the thesis is an example of self-reflexive research-led practice which integrates scholarly research with innovative creative practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/62DJ9RF5,2024-04-30,Howard Mason,,,2024-05-03T10:23:46Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,PhD Thesis,Manchester Metropolitan University,,,,,,,,, 2254,Lethal Targeting and Adaptation Failure in Terrorist Groups,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09636412.2024.2307048,"If terrorist organizations wish to thrive, they often must adapt to lethal targeting. Over time, terrorist leaders can identify countermeasures that evade or erode state surveillance capabilities. Lower-level operatives will resist implementing these adaptations, however, so leaders must enforce their implementation. Leaders of groups with decentralized command relationships will struggle to directly monitor and enforce compliance. Leaders with limited resources at their disposal will also be unable to invest in the bureaucratic capacity to discipline operatives’ behavior. These organizational deficiencies become increasingly costly when state surveillance capabilities increase. I find support for this thesis by examining Arabic language correspondence from Usama bin Ladin’s compound related to the drone campaign in Pakistan. My argument contributes to theories of adaptation and the coercive power of warfighting technologies. It also suggests that advanced surveillance and strike capabilities may be insufficient for future counterterrorism success.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IWJ74TH4,2024-04-29,Bryce Loidolt,Routledge,Security Studies,2024-05-02T09:53:20Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/09636412.2024.2307048,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396241904,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2255,"The Russian 'spy', the NSA mole and the FBI sting that got him",Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68930894,A former NSA employee admitted last year to sharing classified docs with a purported Russian agent.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EUPVXBHN,2024-04-30,Rachel Looker,,BBC News,2024-05-02T08:09:10Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'VHKQZA5S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2256,Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW): Inside India's Foreign Intelligence Agency,Blog post,https://greydynamics.com/research-and-analysis-wing-raw-inside-indias-strategic-intelligence-agency/,"Discover the functions and global influence of RAW - Research and Analysis Wing, India's premier intelligence agency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TMW8SFQG,2024-04-27T11:00:00+00:00,Jawhar Farhat,,,2024-05-02T08:08:24Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2257,“Interstellar Intelligence” – with Harvard Astrophysicist Avi Loeb,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/631/notes,Avi Loeb joins Andrew Hammond to discuss intelligence in outer space. He is a Professor in the Department of Astronomy at Harvard University.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A2LSQKD3,2024-04-30,Avi Loeb,,,2024-04-30T11:27:21Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2258,From ‘dirty word’ to ‘critical enabler’: the evolution of peacekeeping-intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2345949,"The article provides a historical analysis of the evolution of ‘Peacekeeping-Intelligence’ (PKI) as a UN intelligence system and tool of conflict management. It examines the processes leading to the development of the PKI Policy by analyzing the analytical entities that cumulatively contextualized these developments. It also examines the institutional mechanisms at the UNHQ, the underlying logic, and the challenges surrounding these processes. The article first traces the various iterations of information and analysis structures within the UN since the early 1960s. It then focuses on intelligence developments in the 1990s and the new millennium, where the lack of intelligence capabilities, particularly at the mission level, was identified as an underlining factor for the operational problems faced by the UN. It concludes with an examination of the PKI policy as an evolutionary step in UN peacekeeping. The paper argues that PKI offers a new pathway to effective peacekeeping and provides a foundation for enhanced decision-making through situational awareness, the safety and security of peacekeepers, and the protection of civilians.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z88N37IW,2024-04-27,Patrick Peprah Obuobi,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-04-30T11:26:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2024.2345949,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4395703677,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4395703677,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2345949,0.0 2259,Uniform Intelligence: The United States Military Liaison Mission and the Cold War 1947-1990,Thesis,https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/5460,"On May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered unconditionally to the Allied Powers, ending the war in Europe. As such, the Western Allies of Britain, France, and the United States came into direct contact with the Soviet forces in Germany, which they divided into four zones of occupation. With the potential of an armed conflict over Germany, the Western Allies and the Soviets agreed to use military liaison missions to help foster communication in Germany. The British and French maintained their units: British Commanders in Chief Mission to the Soviet Forces in Germany (BRIXMIS) and La Mission Militaire Francaise de Liaison (FMLM or MMFL in French) in East Germany. Reciprocal Soviet Missions (SOXMIS/SMLM) also existed in West Germany. Following the British example, the United States started the United States Military Liaison Mission to Commander in Chief, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (USMLM) in 1947 with the signing of the Huebner-Malinin Agreement. Throughout the 20th century, the various powers used liaison missions to collect intelligence on potential advisories and outright enemies. For example, the United States had a prior liaison mission with the Germans in the 1930s which helped US intelligence before World War II. Additionally, during the war, the US used its diplomatic corps in Moscow to help keep tabs on the Soviet Union. However, the USMLM stands out among liaison missions due to its length of service and its access to the Eastern Bloc. The work of the USMLM highlighted that there was always a gap between American public fears of Soviet expansionism and the Soviets' will and ability to make good on that expansion. Nevertheless, USMLM reporting remained an underutilized and ultimately forgotten asset because it was not deemed politically useful.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L72YK5RM,2024-04-26,Frank C. Ofner,,,2024-04-29T07:23:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,Liberty University,,,,,,,,, 2260,How to stop China spying on our universities,Magazine article,https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/how-to-stop-china-spying-on-our-universities/,Our universities are not inoculated from the messy realities of global competition. But there's one easy way to stop Chinese spying.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/73JDC7XP,2024-04-26T13:39:55+00:00,Rory Cormac,,The Spectator,2024-04-28T15:26:51Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2261,The German opposition question in British World War II strategy: interpreting Hugh Trevor-Roper’s wartime intelligence reporting,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2345986,"What explains the British decision not to lend significant support to the internal German opposition to Hitler during World War II? Some historians have labelled the absence of aid to the German resistance as an intelligence failure. P.R.J. Winter and others instead accuse the British government of policy failure by highlighting the excellent efforts of Britain’s wartime radio intelligence team, led by Hugh Trevor-Roper. But by closely reading the key piece of evidence in this case for intelligence success, the ‘Canaris and Himmler’ report, and by placing that assessment in the broader context of Trevor-Roper’s intelligence reporting through the end of the war, we argue that Trevor-Roper’s team did not lay the analytical groundwork for a shift in British strategy. Trevor-Roper neither appreciated nor conveyed to British policymakers the existence and strength of the German opposition, and he denigrated the opposition’s central hub, the Abwehr. This can be classed as a significant intelligence failure. Nevertheless, we also suggest that the intelligence versus policy failure framing of the German opposition question is something of a false dichotomy, as Whitehall’s intelligence and policy communities operated under a shared set of assumptions and reinforced each other’s beliefs about the appropriateness of British strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C6MYJTLR,2024-04-26,"Renate Atkins, Brian Cuddy",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-04-28T11:37:18Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2024.2345986,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4395661262,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2024.2345986?needAccess=true, 2262,Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases,Journal article,https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124,"This article described three heuristics that are employed in making judgments under uncertainty: (i) representativeness, which is usually employed when people are asked to judge the probability that an object or event A belongs to class or process B; (ii) availability of instances or scenarios, which is often employed when people are asked to assess the frequency of a class or the plausibility of a particular development; and (iii) adjustment from an anchor, which is usually employed in numerical prediction when a relevant value is available. These heuristics are highly economical and usually effective, but they lead to systematic and predictable errors. A better understanding of these heuristics and of the biases to which they lead could improve judgments and decisions in situations of uncertainty.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R4JJYF65,1974-09-27,"Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman",American Association for the Advancement of Science,Science,2024-04-27T12:20:56Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1126/science.185.4157.1124,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4292157289,27794.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4292157289,2012.0,2026.0,1974.0,,38.0 2263,Imaginary Intelligence Via Satellites,Conference paper,https://itconfdoc.nuwm.edu.ua/index.php/ITConf/article/view/373,"This article gives basic information about all types of satellites. The types of satellites reveal the functions, purposes and applications. Information is provided on the sections required to use a satellite. The features of reconnaissance satellites are characterized. Analytical factors of satellite imagery, their pros and cons were compared. The role and functions of satellite imagery in current and probable future wars are declared.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I2HDF2GJ,2023-11-22,"Mugabil Huseynov, Elshan Hashimov",,,2024-04-27T08:53:41Z,['PBHFUE8W'],10.31713/MCIT.2023.014,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388892409,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388892409,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://itconfdoc.nuwm.edu.ua/index.php/ITConf/article/download/373/176,1.0 2264,Counterintelligence and escalation from hybrid to total war in the Russo-Ukrainian conflict 2014–2024,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2329419,"This article examines certain counterintelligence (CI) aspects of the on-going conflict between Russia and Ukraine since 2014 in terms of key problems in current western CI concepts, doctrine and processes. It examines not only the CI threat to Ukraine during the Donbas ‘frozen war’ and 2022 invasion from the traditional CI triad of espionage, sabotage and subversion but also from Russian intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities and activities supporting both irregular and regular combatants. The article concludes that a UK and allied approach to CI shaped by a two-decade security focus on counterterrorism and counterinsurgency may not be fit for purpose in a contemporary strategic environment characterized by a persistent and escalating threat from strategic peers engaged in state-supported hybrid conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QZHXYTHE,2024-04-15,Philip H.J. Davies,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-04-27T08:54:22Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'Y959U28A']",10.1080/02684527.2024.2329419,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4395479319,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4395479319,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2329419,0.0 2265,The Political Influence of Translation in a time of Revolution and War in France: a Microhistory of two Irish translators Nicholas Madgett (1738-1813) and John Sullivan (1767-1802),Thesis,http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/108153,"This thesis is an interdisciplinary study of two Irish translators, Nicholas Madgett and John Sullivan, incorporating approaches from translation studies and history. Drawing principally on French archival sources, the thesis begins with a microhistorical profile of the two translators that connects to the broader political landscape of the French Revolution. A detailed analysis of their translation practice is embedded in the historical context of the period. Translation may be causative, and not merely refractive of historical events. The confluent functions assumed by the translators such as propaganda and political advocacy complement and enhance the influence of their translations. The focus on the political influence of translation is an important contribution to the historiography of translation, as the historical role of translation is often neglected or misunderstood by historians. Madgett and Sullivan were recruited by the new Republican government in France in 1793. The microhistory of the two translators, and the review of their translations provide a structured, interdisciplinary response to the principal research question: whether Madgett and Sullivan?s translations, and their confluent, bilingual functions exerted a political influence on historical events in France in a time of Revolution and war?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9QUZ2W35,2024,John Gleeson,,,2024-04-26T08:17:26Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,PhD Thesis,"Trinity College Dublin. School of Lang, Lit. & Cultural Studies. Discipline of French",,,,,,,,, 2266,Signals intelligence (SIGINT) - Smartencyclopedia,Blog post,https://smartencyclopedia.org/content/signals-intelligence-sigint/,"Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT). Signal intelligence is a subset of intelligence collection management. As classified and sensitive information is usually encrypted, signals intelligence may necessarily involve cryptanalysis (to decipher the messages). Traffic analysis—the study of who is signaling to whom and in",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GAP838PV,2024-04-08,Jose C. Palma,,,2024-04-26T08:13:55Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2267,The future of intelligence,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/2BS5xMqwNr1IeM1qwVw5Qj,"Listen to this episode from Stop the World on Spotify. This week on Stop the World, it’s all about intelligence. Chris Taylor, head of ASPI’s Statecraft and Intelligence Program interviews David Gioe, Professor of Intelligence and Security at King's College London and Associate Professor of History at the US Military Academy at West Point. They discuss the history of intelligence, with a focus on the Cold War, and explore how it has evolved over time. Chris asks David about the impact of technology on intelligence collection and analysis, and they consider the changing nature of intelligence and new techniques, as well as the ongoing importance of human intelligence. Mentioned in this episode: ASPI report: Australia’s 2024 Independent Intelligence Review: opportunities and challenges Guests: Chris Taylor David Gioe",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BKR7DVI6,2024-04-26T04:23:00Z,David V. Gioe,,,2024-04-26T07:46:58Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2268,Failing to Understand Adversaries Creates a Vicious Circle of Tensions,Blog post,https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/failing-understand-adversaries-creates-vicious-circle-tensions,"Tensions can escalate quickly when adversaries fail to understand each other. Unfortunately, we are often least able to understand our adversaries when tensions are high. Breaking this cycle is essential.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GUT8JLQE,2024-04-25,Suzanne Raine,,,2024-04-25T17:56:34Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2269,AI and Strategic Decision-Making: Communicating trust and uncertainty in AI-enriched intelligence,Report,https://cetas.turing.ac.uk/publications/ai-and-strategic-decision-making,"This CETaS Research Report presents the findings of a project commissioned by the Joint Intelligence Organisation (JIO) and GCHQ, on the topic of artificial intelligence (AI) and strategic decision-making. The report assesses how AI-enriched intelligence should be communicated to strategic decision-makers in government to ensure the principles of analytical rigour, transparency, and reliability of intelligence reporting and assessment are upheld. The findings are based on extensive primary research across UK assessment bodies, intelligence agencies, and other government departments. Intelligence assessment functions have a significant challenge to identify, process, and analyse exponentially growing sources and quantities of information. The research found that AI is a valuable analytical tool for all-source intelligence analysts and failing to adopt AI tools could undermine the authority and value of all-source intelligence assessments to government. However, the use of AI could both exacerbate known risks in intelligence work such as bias and uncertainty, and make it difficult for analysts to evaluate and communicate the limitations of AI-enriched intelligence. A key challenge for the assessment community will be maximising the opportunities and benefits of AI, while mitigating any risks. To embed best practice when communicating AI-enriched intelligence to decision-makers, the report recommends the development of standardised terminology for communicating AI-related uncertainty; new training for intelligence analysts and strategic decision-makers; and an accreditation programme for AI systems used in intelligence analysis and assessment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6P5LRE68,2024-04-23,"Megan Hughes, Richard Carter, Amy Harland, Alexander Babuta",,,2024-04-23T17:23:37Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'E5UVWK8S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2270,Spy and Tell: The Promise and Peril of Disclosing Intelligence for Strategic Advantage,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/spy-and-tell-gioe-morell,The promise and peril of disclosing intelligence for strategic advantage.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V6B6QN8P,2024-04-23,"David V. Gioe, Michael J. Morell",,Foreign Affairs,2024-04-23T08:29:14Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2271,The security intelligence services of the private sector,Thesis,https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/thesis/The_security_intelligence_services_of_the_private_sector/24050421/1,"Scholars have long viewed intelligence as the preserve of nation states. Where the term ‘private sector intelligence’ does appear in the academic literature, the focus is overwhelmingly on government contractors, rather than on intelligence activities for the benefit of private corporations. While there is a subset of the literature that has taken note of the intelligence services of corporations, these often view the field as a post-9/11 development, which has eroded a state monopoly of intelligence. This thesis demonstrates – through archival and secondary source research - that such a monopoly never existed. Private sector intelligence is at least as old as the organised intelligence activities of the nation state. Through semi-structured interviews and surveys with contemporary practitioners, this thesis demonstrates how private sector intelligence - via the framework of the Intelligence Cycle - resembles state intelligence. However, it also demonstrates that the private sector differs in important ways, such as through intelligence sharing and minimal oversight. This lack of oversight, this thesis argues, introduces ethical issues. This research demonstrates a need for an expansion of the scholarly literature to account for intelligence activities outside of the state; deepening our understanding of a wider intelligence field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N8FLB65L,2023-11-28,Lewis Sage-Passant,,,2024-04-23T08:19:53Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'R2V36RN8']",10.26174/thesis.lboro.24050421.v1,,PhD Thesis,Loughborough University,https://openalex.org/W6927156633,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W6927156633,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 2272,The Importance of Defence Intelligence Agencies in Non-Combat Military Missions: Instruments of Special Attention for Defence Capacity Building and Capabilities,Journal article,http://adshr.org/index.php/vo/article/view/218,"The post-Cold War era has indeed reshaped the security paradigm, witnessing a surge in non-traditional security issues that intersect with military security concerns. The human security approach has expanded the understanding of threats to encompass phenomena like terrorism, climate change, and human trafficking. While Southeast Asia serves as a microcosm of these complexities, it's imperative not to overlook broader global security trends and perspectives. In this region, intricate security dynamics are shaped by diverse factors, including economic downturns, territorial disputes, and environmental shifts. Although non-traditional threats have gained prominence, traditional ones, such as tensions in the South China Sea, persist and demand attention. Countries like Indonesia and the Philippines have responded by bolstering their defence budgets. Moreover, there's a discernible uptick in the adoption of military operations other than war (OMSP), with a growing emphasis on humanitarian aid and disaster relief efforts. However, amidst evolving international strategic landscapes, it's crucial to adapt. For instance, Indonesia's recent establishment of the Defence Intelligence Agency underscores the imperative to enhance defence capabilities for non-war military missions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CYPEW34K,2024-04-20,Muhammad Arbani,,Advances In Social Humanities Research,2024-04-21T21:57:38Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2273,German intel officer denies spying for Russia – DW – 04/17/2024,Newspaper article,https://www.dw.com/en/german-intel-officer-denies-spying-for-russia/a-68852014,The former intelligence agent claimed prosecutors had it backward — he was not spying for Moscow but recruiting a Russian source to help Berlin. Carsten L. had refrained from commenting on his case until now.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LKMQAB49,2024-04-17,DW,,dw.com,2024-04-21T10:50:08Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2274,Russian Cyber Operations,Book chapter,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10501997,"Russian cyber operations pre‐date the Internet. In “The Cuckoo's Egg,” for example, Clifford Stoll provided one of the first accounts of an offensive cyber operation. The Former Soviet Union's (FSU) KGB, or international intelligence service, used West German hackers to attempt to steal U.S. Star Wars missile defense plans and technology via a pre‐Internet set of University and Government research computers (Stoll, 2005).Russia's cyber operations continued to develop with the growth of networked computers. For example, in the late‐1990s, Russia performed Operation Moonlight Maze, a cyber espionage campaign. Operation Moonlight Maze was followed by a tactical use of cyber in the 2007 Estonian Denial of Service (DoS), and the more general cyber information operations’ campaign in Georgia (2008).Russia's cyber manipulation capability includes a keen interest in energy grids, performing both surveillance and attack, as displayed in the Ukraine from 2014 to the present. Russia sharpened its use of social media in operations against the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, where Russian cyber operators were responsible for creating over 100 riots in the United States and outing the Democratic National Committee (DNC) internal e‐mails, creating organizational dissent in candidate Hillary Clinton's presidential bid (Mueller, 2019). More recently, Russian cyber operators have been responsible for a proliferation of criminal operations, including the promotion of Ransomware as a Service (RaaS).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VXT9IIQB,2024,Jerry M. Couretas,Wiley,,2024-04-21T10:49:34Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1002/9781119712121.ch5,Cyber Operations: A Case Study Approach,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393971384,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393971384,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,,1.0 2275,Iranian Cyber Operations,Book chapter,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10502013,"Iranian cyber operations span from information operations (IO) to retribution‐motivated denial operations. Many of the most dramatic Iranian cyber operations came in the wake of STUXNET (2010), a cyber campaign that slowed down Iran's nuclear development program by two to three years. For example, DigiNotar (2011) was a counterintelligence operation used to spy on Iranian nationals’ e‐mail communications. In addition, Operation Ababil (2012) was a denial of service (DoS) attack on U.S. financial institutions that was performed under the false flag of the Izz ad Din al Qassem Brigade. And Operation Al Shamoon I (2012) was a wiper attack on Saudi Arabia's ARAMCO information technology (IT) systems – a cyberattack that had the potential of debilitating a major source of the world's oil supply. Similarly, Iranian cyber operators attacked critical infrastructure, accessing both the IT and sluice gate control system of the Rye Dam in Westchester, New York (2012). This was also the same time period over which Iranian cyber operators penetrated the U.S. Navy–Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) (2012–2014).More recently, Iran used cyber suppression against the Mujahideen e Khalq (MEK) in shutting down their Albanian hosts’ government systems. In addition, since 2022, the Iranian government has been sporadically denying Internet communication for its own citizens, who are protesting the death of Mahsa Amini (Jina), a woman who died during government detention for not wearing her head scarf.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PJLURG6G,2024,Jerry M. Couretas,Wiley,,2024-04-21T10:48:04Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1002/9781119712121.ch8,Cyber Operations: A Case Study Approach,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393971501,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2276,"The 1960 U-2 Crisis Reconsidered: Technology, Masculinity, and U.S. Airpower’s ‘Unmanning’",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/dh/dhae029,"“It can be said that a man of more heroic mold would have blown up his plane and committed suicide, but perhaps Powers couldn’t and certainly he didn’t do either.”1 The Chicago Tribune’s emasculating disparagement of captured Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) pilot Francis Gary Powers in August of 1960 echoed a conversation that had roiled the United States for months. On May 1, 1960, a surface-to-air missile fired by Soviet military forces shot down Powers near Sverdlovsk, Russia as he photographed military installations from 60,000 feet. Powers miraculously survived his airplane’s destruction and a fall from the upper atmosphere. Yet, living appeared to many Americans an effeminate and unpatriotic act that defied CIA orders. The CIA had provisioned Powers with a lethal injection. His U-2 airplane included a self-destruct mechanism. Officials in U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower’s administration and U.S. journalists asked a morbid question: Why was Powers still alive? Popular audiences and intelligence officials feared Powers might break under Soviet “brainwash” and expose national security secrets to his interrogators. As U.S. journalists and policy makers disparaged “spy pilot” Powers’s performance they constructed the pilot in the cockpit as an unmanly military liability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I9J68VIK,2024-04-17,Garrett McKinnon,,Diplomatic History,2024-04-20T08:56:22Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'PBHFUE8W']",10.1093/dh/dhae029,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4394868994,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4394868994,2024.0,2025.0,2024.0,,0.0 2277,The Spy Who Came in from the Circus: The Secret Life of Cyril Bertram Mills,Book,https://www.bitebackpublishing.com/books/the-spy-who-came-in-from-the-circus,"For almost half a century, Bertram Mills Circus was a household name throughout Britain among both children and adults. Cyril Bertram Mills, circus director and son of the founder, was one of the best-known and most influential personalities in the country’s entertainment business. But for forty years, Cyril Mills also pursued a top-secret, wide-ranging career in British intelligence, obtaining the best aerial intelligence on Nazi rearmament for MI6; recruiting GARBO, the best double agent of the Second World War; and working part-time during the Cold War ‘for MI5 or 6 or both without being paid a penny’. Remarkably, no word of Mills’s secret career appeared in public until he was over eighty. Nobody suspected that the glamorous world of the pre-war circus had been an extraordinary rehearsal for the top-secret arena of surveillance and deception. In this incredible true story, Christopher Andrew, former official historian of MI5 and bestselling author, in collaboration with ex-KGB officers, of histories of Russian intelligence, brings to life one of the most surprising and fascinating careers in British espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H2BJXMZP,2024-04-18,Christopher M. Andrew,Biteback Publishing,,2024-04-20T08:51:01Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2278,Death by Reinterpretation: Dynamics of Norm Contestation and the US Ban on Assassination in the Reagan Years,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogab012,"Recent scholarship analyzes norm dynamics in the US context using the prohibition on assassination contained in Executive Order 12333 as the relevant norm. These studies argue that—before 9/11—the ban on assassination was largely uncontested and effectively constrained US foreign policy. In doing so, these studies overlook the impact of the Reagan administration on the evolution of the ban. This article establishes that the Reagan administration engaged in a concerted, and largely successful, effort to undermine the ban. The article relies on scholarship on norm contestation and norm robustness. The analysis identifies key features of the ban as a norm, including its ambiguity and executive character. It highlights the role and power of a cluster of US officials led by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Director William Casey. Crucially, the analysis traces the prominence of dynamics of contestation of the ban in the context of unconventional warfare and counterterrorism. In line with existing scholarship, the analysis finds cases of validity contestation, meaning contestation, and applicatory contestation. Contrary to existing scholarship, however, the analysis stresses the radical nature of actors’ attempts to shrink the remit of the ban through applicatory contestation. This contestation was often made superfluous by the blurring—through meaning contestation—of the expectations set by the norm. A historically grounded analysis of contestation during the Reagan years provides a better understanding of how US officials (re)shaped the ban, establishing precedents for the legal, political, and discursive conventions surrounding assassination deployed after 9/11.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TIMU9D5U,2021-12-01,Luca Trenta,,Journal of Global Security Studies,2024-04-19T22:48:49Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1093/jogss/ogab012,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3160805825,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3160805825,2021.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://academic.oup.com/jogss/article-pdf/6/4/ogab012/39678026/ogab012.pdf,0.0 2279,The Year of Intelligence in the United States,Book,https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-67646-9,"This book will offer a unique approach to the Year of Intelligence, the sixteen-month period between January 1975 and April 1976 that saw the innermost secrets of various US intelligence agencies laid bare before the world. After allegations of intelligence abuses were made in the press, Congress investigated and revealed numerous cases of unwarranted and unconstitutional activity conducted by a number of intelligence agencies. Chief among the investigations was the Senate enquiry, popularly known as the Church Committee after its chairman, Senator Frank Church of Idaho. This study’s objective is to examine the relationship between national security policy and public opinion using extensive archival evidence, including previously unidentified indicators of public opinion. This monograph makes an important contribution to the historiography of the Church Committee, of public opinion, and of national security policy. The research contributes to the debate on the effectiveness of the Church Committee by challenging the conclusions within the established historiography of the limited impact of the committee’s quest for reform. Furthermore, it widens the very limited scholarship that engages with public opinion’s effect on national security policy. And the project also indicates to policymakers the lessons that can be learnt from the case study, principally, that public opinion is a vital ingredient in the decision making process of successful national security policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FP7PFTK8,2021-04-08,Dafydd Townley,Palgrave Macmillan,,2024-04-19T22:47:43Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2280,Out of the Shadows Episode 7 - Dafydd Townley,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-633521271/out-of-the-shadows-episode-7-dafydd-townley,"In this episode we welcome Dr Dafith Townley. Dr Towley is a lecturer in the Department of history at the University of Reading. He is an expert in intelligence and cyber security. In the episode, we discuss his latest book: The Year of Intelligence in the United States: public opinion, national security, and the 1975 Church Committee (www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783030676452) The episode covers the origins of the 1975 investigations into the conduct of the intelligence community, the relationship between the Ford Presidency, Congress, and the CIA, and the results and long-term effects of the investigations. We also discuss a common are of interest that is the Church Committee's investigation of the US government's involvement in assassination. As usual, we conclude with some reading recommendations. I hope you enjoy the show.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WDYGALPZ,2021-07-20,Dafydd Townley,,,2024-04-19T22:46:24Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2281,Out of the Shadows Episode 6 - Martin D. Brown,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-633521271/oots-podcast-episode-6,"In this episode, we welcome Dr Martin D. Brown. Dr Brown is Associate Professor of International History at Richmond University in London. He previously worked as the Lead Researcher, Centre of Excellence in Intercultural Studies, School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Estonia. As you will soon learn, this episode is all about James Bond. While Dr Brown’s main area of research is the Cold War and Diplomatic History, he as has a strong interest in Bond and the world around one of fiction’s most famous characters. In the episode we explore Bon novels (Ian Fleming’s ones and beyond), the field of 'bondology' and the cultural turn in intelligence studies, the symbiotic relationship between fiction and international politics, and, of course, the popularity of Bond and its consequences. As usual the episode concludes with some book recommendations. I hope you enjoy the show.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4GSP8NX6,2021-02-26,Martin D. Brown,,,2024-04-19T22:45:40Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2282,Out of the Shadows Episode 5 - Sarah-Jane Corke,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-633521271/out-of-the-shadows-episode-5-sarah-jane-corke,"In this episode, we welcome Dr Sarah-Jane Corke. Sarah-Jane is Associate Professor of History at the University of New Brunswick. The episode builds on her 2008 book published by Routledge, US Covert Operations and Cold War Strategy. Sarah-Jane is also the President of the North American Society for Intelligence History. Enjoy the episode and check the Society's website for more information (www.intelligencehistory.org).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8CRWBWGB,2021-01-28,Sarah-Jane Corke,,,2024-04-19T22:44:50Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2283,Out of the Shadows Episode 4 - Dov H. Levin,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-633521271/oots-episode-4-dov-levin,"In this episode we welcome Dov Levin. Dov is Assistant professor of International Relations at the University of Hong Kong. He has written an excellent book on electoral interference call Meddling in the Ballot Box: the causes and effects of partisan electoral interventions, published by Oxford University Press. In the episode, we talk about the causes of electoral interferences, how they are carried out, the consequences, and we conclude with a discussion of the 2016 US elections and Russia's interference. Enjoy the episode.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M62XPKR8,2021-01-14,Dov H. Levin,,,2024-04-19T22:44:11Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2284,Out of the Shadows Podcast Episode 3 - Michael Poznansky,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-633521271/out-of-the-shadows-podcast-episode-3-michael-poznansky,"In our third episode, we have a chat with Michael Poznansky, Assistant Professor of International Affairs and Intelligence Studies at the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs of the University of Pittsburgh. Michael's research looks at democracies and covert action, with a specific focus on US foreign policy. In the episode with discuss 'democratic peace theory,' democracies' use of covert action, historical cases of covert action conducted by the United States, the relations between domestic and international law and covert action, and recent US practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/249DRZPD,2017-12-20,Michael Poznansky,,,2024-04-19T22:43:27Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2285,Episode 2 - Rory Cormac,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-633521271/episode-2-rory-cormac,"This is the second episode of our British Academy 'Out of the Shadows' project. This episode feature Dr Rory Cormac, Associate Professor of International Relations at the University of Nottingham. The episode discusses British intelligence and Rory's book The Black Door a history of the relation between British Prime Ministers and Intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7W5GINUQ,2017-08-02,Rory Cormac,,,2024-04-19T22:42:33Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2286,Out of the Shadows Podcast - Henry Hemming,Podcast,https://soundcloud.com/user-633521271,"The first guest today is Henry Hemming, author of several non-fiction book including a travelogue of his adventures in the Middle East and Churchill's Iceman, the life of Geoffrey Pike. In this episode, however, we discuss Henry's latest book: ""M: Maxwell Knight MI5's greatest spymaster."" In the episode we discuss Knight's life , his tradecraft and career, his successes and failures, but also the British political environment of the 1920s-1940s. We also discuss the evolution of espionage and the physical and mental toll spying take on spaces. Finally, we look at what the era of Maxwell Knight can tell us about current spying and what it takes to be a good spy. Henry Hemming three suggested books are: - John Le Carre, A perfect Spy, - Ben Macintyre, Agent ZigZag, - Miranda Carter, Anthony Blunt: his lives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PXG7TUHM,2017-06-12,,,,2024-04-19T22:41:11Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2287,"CIA Officer on Outsmarting the Russians, Chinese Spies & War in Ukraine | Ep.18 David Gioe",Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tn6a4_OjhUM,"This is a conversation with David Gioe. David has two decades of experience as an intelligence officer, starting his career in the FBI and then joining the CIA, first as an analyst and later as an field-qualified operations officer. He deployed a number of times overseas and worked on counter-intelligence, clandestine operations and covert action. After retiring from the CIA, David has moved to academia and today he works as a professor of History at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and he is a visiting professor of Intelligence and and International Security in the Department of War Studies at King's College London. We talked about how the world of intelligence really works, how it has changed since the cold war or how agents working in the field do their job at a time when anonymity is increasingly disappearing. And how the CIA manages to stay ahead of the Russians, why Chinese spies work differently than anyone else and much much more. Thank you to everyone who supports this podcast on Patreon. If you want to follow David you can go to his Twitter of website and now, enjoy this conversation. David's Twitter: / gioeint David's website and bio: https://www.davidvgioe.com/ 0:00 - Intro 01:39 - How Has Spycraft Changed Since the Cold War? 08:06 - How Is Technology Changing How Spies Work 25:44 - Why Spy Agencies Are Coming out of the Shadows 39:09 - Was 9/11 A Failure of U.S. Intelligence 44:49 - How the CIA Stays Ahead of Russian Spies 56:05 - How good are the Russian spies? 56:52 - Patreon: Bonus 43 Minutes of the Interview",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WSYPQVAS,2024-04-11,David V. Gioe,,,2024-04-14T16:56:13Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2288,SPACE AND WAR IN UKRAINE: Beyond the Satellites,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/48766059,"Much of the international attention on the use of space in Russia’s war in Ukraine—commercial space services in particular—has focused on satellite capabilities while ignoring the significance of other aspects of space systems, such as ground infrastructure, software, and information-sharing practices. Although Russia has numerous military satellites while Ukraine has none, international and commercial space information sharing and innovations in terrestrial hardware and software have allowed Ukraine to exceed Russia in the use of space at the operational, strategic, and diplomatic levels. The US armed forces can learn policy, strategy, and doctrine lessons including the importance of robust space doctrine; decentralized, strategic information sharing; and the need to protect the ground and communications segments of space systems.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8YYFNFPN,2024-03-01,"Robin Dickey, Michael P. Gleason",Air University Press,Æther: A Journal of Strategic Airpower & Spacepower,2024-04-19T09:01:24Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2289,“The Foundations of American Intelligence in WWI” – with Mark Stout,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/629/notes,"Mark Stout joins Andrew Hammond to discuss his new book, ""World War I and the Foundations of American Intelligence."" Mark Stout is a former intelligence analyst and former SPY Historian.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M9M66F7J,2024-04-16,Mark Stout,,,2024-04-16T19:53:04Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2290,Prospects for United Nations Strategic Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2325147,"This article analyzes the prospects for strategic intelligence at the United Nations (UN) Secretariat within the framework of the Peacekeeping-Intelligence (PKI) policy that was first published in 2017. It addresses the question of the extent to which the current mechanisms are adequate to meet the strategic intelligence needs of the UN. The article first provides an overview of the strategic information and analysis entities at the UN headquarters (UNHQ) and how they interface with the PKI processes in the field missions. Second, it examines the strategic management of PKI systems and organization at the mission level through the framework of the Mission Peacekeeping-Intelligence Coordination Mechanism (MICM). The analysis of UNHQ analytical entities shows a disparate network that is not synchronized into a coherent system. The mechanisms are further undermined by inherent bureaucratic and institutional flaws. While the MICM has provided a firm basis for developing a strategic PKI framework at the mission level, its application needs time to be tested by events. The article argues that, although the UN has made significant strides in developing the PKI framework, the current structures both at UNHQ and the mission level require specific adaptations to enhance the utility of the mechanisms.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LQTEWXE2,2024-04-11,Patrick Peprah Obuobi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-04-15T07:43:06Z,['D67KFVND'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2325147,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4394711450,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4394711450,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2024.2325147?download=true,1.0 2291,How Officials Use Intelligence Analysis: A Situational Theory,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2317755,"What explains variation in how officials use intelligence analysis? How can one official acting on one issue within one bureaucratic and political reality seem alternately to use, misuse, and not use analysis at different times? This article proposes an answer by introducing a new theory and evaluating it with a plausibility probe centered on Robert McNamara’s experiences during the Vietnam War. The theory claims that officials use analysis adaptively to meet situational needs. It builds on research into the psychology of mindsets, emotions, and information processing to specify mechanisms of situational patterns of use—an account with marked implications for research and practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6NHH82GQ,2024-04-11,J. Eli Margolis,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-04-15T07:42:46Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2317755,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4394711548,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2292,"A Latter Day Judas? Security, Diplomatic Protection, and the Foreign Office Security Department, 1955–1987",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2024.2341738,"This article looks at the response of the British Foreign Office to security threats to HMG diplomats and diplomatic posts, placing security at the heart of the study of UK diplomacy. It explores the response of the Foreign Office’s Security Department to the threat of espionage by hostile states, and the increasingly violent threats posed by terrorist groups and other non-state groups to diplomats and diplomatic premises overseas. It seeks to build on earlier work on the development of the Security Department, suggesting that security within the Foreign Office was taken increasingly seriously as the lives of officials came under threat. It also looks at the broader role that security plays in diplomacy, and the tensions between public diplomacy and the protection of officials serving overseas.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K9K2AC9V,2024-04-12,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-04-14T19:48:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/07075332.2024.2341738,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4394785944,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07075332.2024.2341738?needAccess=true, 2293,“The Director-General of NZ Security Intelligence Service” – with Andrew Hampton,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/628/notes,Andrew Hampton joins Andrew Hammond to discuss intelligence in New Zealand. Andrew is the Director General of the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q43VKZMH,2024-04-09,Andrew Hampton,,,2024-04-10T07:05:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2294,"An espionage scandal rocks Austria, laying bare alleged Russian spying operations across Europe",Newspaper article,https://apnews.com/article/austria-spying-scandal-russia-ott-marsalek-wirecard-8921f3ce95b30646ee1952bf8949a43f,"Austria faces its biggest espionage scandal in decades as the arrest of a former intelligence officer brings to light evidence of extensive Russian infiltration, lax official oversight and behavior worthy of a spy novel.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LRFECIP2,2024-04-08T12:01:43,Stephanie Liechtenstein,,AP News,2024-04-09T12:24:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'VHKQZA5S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2295,Top Israeli spy chief exposes his true identity in online security lapse,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/05/top-israeli-spy-chief-exposes-his-true-identity-in-online-security-lapse,Exclusive: Yossi Sariel unmasked as head of Unit 8200 and architect of AI strategy after book written under pen name reveals his Google account,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7UKCG4XX,2024-04-05T13:19:33.000Z,"Harry Davies, Bethan McKernan",,The Guardian,2024-04-06T12:06:24Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2296,"India and Pakistan tried to meddle in Canada elections, spy agency says",Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/05/india-pakistan-interfere-canada-elections,CSIS intelligence report suggests growing number of countries targeting country’s large diaspora populations,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KB78E3N7,2024-04-05T15:50:59.000Z,Leyland Cecco,,The Guardian,2024-04-05T21:10:27Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2297,Intelligence Interconnection in The Democratic Transition in Indonesia,Journal article,https://international.appihi.or.id/index.php/IJLS/article/view/20,"Democracy has faced various challenges over thousands of years, particularly concerning transitions that depend on social and political factors. The role of intelligence in democratic transitions is crucial but can be used to maintain power undemocratically. In Indonesia, post-reform, democracy has not been fully consolidated. The repressiveness of law enforcement and legal bias towards political elites are major factors in the decline of democracy. This research employs a normative legal research method with a prescriptive nature, aiming to analyze the intelligence's involvement in the democratic transition process in Indonesia. The research approach encompasses analytical, historical, comparative, and philosophical dimensions. Primary legal materials such as legislation regulations are utilized as data sources, alongside secondary legal materials like books and journals. Data collection techniques utilize the PRISMA method, and data analysis is conducted deductively using the same method. The findings of this research indicate that the cycle of democratic transition influences both the democratic system and intelligence activities. Subsequently, a case study in Indonesia examines complex intelligence issues, attributable to regime changes and inconsistent political policies. Hence, a comparative study with Brazil, which is institutionally more complex and structured, is deemed necessary.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CE9ZFR6K,2024-04-03,"Reza Ilham Maulana, Sapto Hermawan, Asianto Nugroho",,International Journal of Law and Society,2024-04-05T14:26:24Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2298,The Profumo Affair,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Profumo-Affair-Hardback/p/24483,"In the hot and steamy July of 1961, a hedonistic weekend at Lord Astor’s Buckinghamshire estate Cliveden set in motion a chain of events like no other. It was where John Profumo, Secretary of State for War, first decided he must bed the 19-year-old Christine Keeler, a model and showgirl. But that weekend Keeler headed home to London with diplomat, and known Russian spy, Yevgeny Ivanov instead. Undeterred, Profumo quickly started dating Keeler, and begun to mix in her circle, which included society osteopath Stephen Ward and fellow model Mandy Rice-Davies. But alongside flirting with the decadent upper classes, Ward and Keeler also enjoyed the seedier side of city life, becoming entangled with violent petty criminals. The heady mix of sex and espionage soon exploded. With Profumo exposed as a fraud, the government was left scrabbling to protect its reputation. Had its war minister been duped by the Soviets into careless pillow talk instigated by a Communist sympathiser? Both Ward and Keeler would become victims of the subsequent witch hunt. Ward would die by suicide and Keeler was branded a whore and liar. The Profumo Affair was the scandal that rocked the 60s. But how and why did a brief romance between a married MP and a young showgirl go on to shatter so many lives and bring down the government of Harold ‘Supermac’ Macmillan? Using the official Denning Report, recently released archival material and the accounts of those involved, Vanessa Holburn pieces together this surprisingly relatable story and asks; what really happened behind the headlines?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6CMINJ2Z,2024-03-14,Vanessa Holburn,Pen and Sword,,2024-04-05T14:20:37Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2299,Caught off guard? Evaluating how external experts in Germany warned about Russia’s war on Ukraine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2330133,"While Germany’s response to the Russo-Ukrainian war continues to be intensely scrutinised, with much attention focusing on the Zeitenwende debate and Berlin’s reluctance to pull its weight in NATO, we know little about how Germany anticipated the outbreak of war. The picture that has emerged is one of significant surprise among German policymakers when Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022. Germany’s foreign intelligence service (Bundesnachrichtendienst, BND) has been criticised for failing to issue strong warnings, whereas BND officials have argued that their warnings went unheeded. This article contributes to discussions of what intelligence producers and policymakers could have been expected to know by exploring how selected external experts in Germany warned about a Russian attack on Ukraine. By reconstructing open expert assessments of the emerging crisis between 1 November 2021 and 23 February 2022, this article finds that researchers in German think tanks and academia provided a steady flow of timely, accurate and convincing warnings. The findings suggest that external experts are especially well positioned to uncover structural vulnerabilities that threatening actors can exploit, discuss politically inconvenient trends, and offer actionable warnings. This adds to discussions of how external expertise can support intelligence production and crisis decision-making.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JE7J5FKU,2024-04-04,Eva Michaels,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-04-05T08:20:11Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2330133,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393949287,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393949287,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2024.2330133?needAccess=true,0.0 2300,Intelligence Co-operation between Poland and Great Britain during World War II: The Report of the Anglo-Polish Historical Committee Volume 1,Book,https://www.vmbooksusa.com/products/9780853036562,"The Anglo-Polish Historical Committee was established in 2000 with the full support of the Prime Ministers of both countries. The committee, made up of historians and official experts from both countries, was set up to identify and evaluate surviving historical records which would show the extent of the contribution made by Polish Intelligence to the Allied victory in World War II. In order to assist the committee's work, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office's Chief Historian has been granted access to the archives of the British Intelligence Services. The Polish historians have concentrated their efforts on those documents publicly available in the archives of, for example, Britain, Poland and the United States of America. It is hoped that through the research undertaken and now published as the Report of the Anglo-Polish Historical Committee for the first time, new light will be shed on the contribution of the Polish nation to Allied victory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WINH5EAX,2005-06-01,"Tadeusz Dubicki, Daria Nalecz, Tessa Stirling",Vallentin Mitchell,,2024-04-03T22:53:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2301,Cold War Deceptions: The Asia Foundation and the CIA,Book,https://uwapress.uw.edu/book/9780295752242/cold-war-deceptions,"During the early Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency created dozens of funding fronts to support work that aligned with CIA goals, from clandestine operations and research to liberal anticommunist programs. While investigative journalists and congressional inquiries exposed many of these fronts, little is known about their daily internal workings. With a specific focus on the 1950s and 1960s Asia Foundation, Cold War Deceptions provides a rare view into the bureaucratic functioning of a covert operation in which most employees did not know they were working for the CIA. Drawing on the foundation’s extensive surviving archival records and thousands of pages of declassified CIA documents, David H. Price examines how the foundation, secretly created and funded by the CIA, tried to shape Asian political, economic, intellectual, and cultural developments during the early years of the Cold War. Uncovering how unwitting scholars were used to support pro-American and anticommunist positions, Price considers how political forces shaped disciplinary knowledge and how these past events connect to the present.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KVESSZZX,2024-03-01,David H. Price,University of Washington Press,,2024-04-03T22:49:47Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2302,UK Policy towards Spain during WW II - Non-Belligerence 1940-1942,Blog post,https://nuttersworld.com/gibraltars-secret-wars/uk-policy-towards-spain-1940-1942/,"In the early years of World War II, Britain used economic incentives, diplomatic connections, and bribery to influence Spanish officials and achieve their goals of keeping Spain neutral.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YBGUFT73,2024-03-28,Nick Nutter,,,2024-04-03T22:49:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2303,Putin Orders His Spies to Chase Phantom Enemies,Blog post,https://cepa.org/article/putin-orders-his-spies-to-chase-phantom-enemies/,The dead and injured from Moscow's Crocus City Hall attack are the primary victims. Putin and his spies are running from reality.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9XK9DX4U,2024-03-26T19:07:43+00:00,"Irina Borogan, Andrei Soldatov",,,2024-04-02T13:21:36Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2304,"Space Force chief: U.S. intelligence is top-notch, but more insights needed on space domain",Magazine article,https://spacenews.com/space-force-chief-u-s-intelligence-is-top-notch-but-more-insights-needed-on-space-domain/,"Space Force chief: U.S. intelligence is top-notch, but more insights needed on space domain",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DVQ2VAV8,2024-03-27T20:29:02+00:00,Sandra Erwin,,SpaceNews,2024-04-02T13:19:25Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2305,Putin's intel problem,Magazine article,https://www.newsweek.com/vladimir-putin-fsb-intelligence-moscow-attack-crocus-city-hall-1883987,Russia's security and intelligence services are under scrutiny since last week's attack on a Moscow concert hall that killed 137.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZD48Q9FS,2024-03-28T03:00:01-04:00,Ellie Cook,,Newsweek,2024-04-02T13:18:47Z,"['VHKQZA5S', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2306,"67. A Tale of Two Spies: The former heads of MI5 and MI6 on the Iraq War, double agents, and the IRA",Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/1ZChm6queYC15Vfaoj5MQv,"Should spies be allowed to break the law while undercover? What should the relationship between government and intelligence look like? Do we overestimate or underestimate the power and reach of Russia’s FSB and China’s intelligence service? On today’s special episode of Leading, Rory and Alastair are joined by Eliza Manningham-Buller and John Sawers to discuss what it’s really like to lead MI5 and MI6, respectively. This episode was recorded before the IS-Khorasan attack in Moscow.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CRIGBT69,2024-03-31T23:10:00Z,"Rory Stewart, Alastair Campbell",,,2024-04-02T13:16:26Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2307,Finnish diplomats turn to ‘sauna diplomacy’ to evade Russian spies,Newspaper article,https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/03/30/finland-use-sauna-diplomacy-to-evade-russian-spies/,The relaxing facilities are a useful tool for holding discreet conversations away from prying eyes and listening devices,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H4D59M2A,2024-03-30,James Rothwell,,The Telegraph,2024-04-02T12:42:14Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2308,Havana syndrome: Report links mystery illness to Russian intelligence unit,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68706317,Media reports further fuel the view that US diplomats may have been targeted with sonic weapons.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MBRQVRW7,2024-04-01,James FitzGerald,,BBC News,2024-04-02T12:41:51Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2309,"Havana Syndrome linked to Russian military agency GRU, investigation indicates",Magazine article,https://www.politico.eu/article/havana-syndrome-link-russia-military-intelligence-agency-gru-report/,"An investigation by Insider, 60 Minutes and Spiegel finds links to GRU unit dedicated to assassination and political destabilization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9GBAJE43,2024-04-01T09:19:44+00:00,LAura Kayali,,POLITICO,2024-04-02T12:40:53Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2310,Intelligence showed IRA leader in charge of decommissioning was secretly in the US looking for guns following Agreement,Newspaper article,https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/politics/intelligence-showed-ira-leader-in-charge-of-decommissioning-was-secretly-in-the-us-looking-for-guns-following-agreement/a617027591.html,"The IRA leader in charge of decommissioning was secretly in America under an illegal name looking to import new guns more than two years after the Good Friday Agreement, according to British and American intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HIK2A6HA,2024-04-01,Sam McBride,,Belfast Telegraph,2024-04-02T12:40:09Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2311,Austrian spy accused of selling ministers’ phone data to Russia after British tip off,Newspaper article,https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/04/01/austrian-spy-egisto-ott-arrested-selling-data-jan-marsalek/,Egisto Ott is alleged to have passed information to Russia after three senior interior ministry figures capsized on a canoe trip,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HILU2NFA,2024-04-01,James Jackson,,The Telegraph,2024-04-02T12:39:22Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2312,Deciphering German diplomatic and naval attaché messages from 1900-1915,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2020.1755914,"In World War One (WW I), the German diplomatic services and the Imperial Navy employed codebooks as the primary means for encoding confidential communications over telegraph and radio channels. The Entente cryptographic services were able to reconstruct most of those codebooks, to obtain copies of others, and to overcome various enhancements introduced by the Germans. A collection of diplomatic and naval attaché cryptograms from and to the German consulate in Genoa, dating from the late 19th Century to 1915, has been preserved and is held in German archives. 1 In this article, the authors describe the process of identifying the encoding methods, of reconstructing diplomatic codebooks, and of recovering the superencipherment applied to the German Navy’s Verkehrsbuch. The vast majority of the messages can now be read in clear. The authors also provide the historical context for the messages, which shed new light on the impact of the mobilization and war declarations on the Genoa consulate, its role in gathering naval intelligence, and in assisting the Goeben and Breslau warships in their escape to the Dardanelles in August 1914. 2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XGUCQX4Y,"July 9, 2020","George Lasry, Ingo Niebel, Torbjörn Andersson",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/01611194.2020.1755914,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2894453607,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 2313,‘Profiles in intelligence’: an interview with 8th Mossad chief Danny Yatom,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2332030,"This article is based on an interview conducted in July 2023 with Danny Yatom, the eighth Mossad chief. He had a distinguished career in the Israeli Defense Force, joining the Mossad in 1996 after his military service. Yatom’s contributions were pivotal during the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in diplomatic engagements and peace negotiations between Israel and Jordan. With experience spanning elite military units, intelligence agencies, Prime Minister’s offices, and the Israeli Parliament, his insights offer a comprehensive understanding of intricate matters, making it the primary reason for my decision to interview Yatom. Among other topics, Yatom provided nuanced perspectives on Israel’s involvement in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, its relations with Azerbaijan, the special ties between Israel and Germany, and the 1979 Islamic revolution. I also inquired about the impact of emotions on decision-making in national security, the historical trajectory of the Mossad, and Israel’s approach to Official Public Intelligence Disclosure.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TBUU89UC,2024-03-27,Eldad Ben Aharon,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-29T14:57:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2332030,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393219520,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393219520,2024.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2024.2332030?download=true,0.0 2314,"Foreign intelligence operatives posing as journalists, ASIO boss warns",Newspaper article,https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-03-26/foreign-intelligence-operatives-posing-as-journalists-asio/103627256,Australia's secrecy laws were under the microscope on Monday as a special hearing opened in Canberra.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X6FP7D8Z,2024-03-25,Elizabeth Byrne,,ABC News,2024-03-28T09:56:01Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2315,Advancements in Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Techniques and the role of artificial intelligence in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI),Thesis,https://dione.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/handle/unipi/16306,"This dissertation addresses the multilayered connection among Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI). Focused on the impact of AI on CTI and advancements in OSINT techniques, as well as how these two fields interact in order to reshape the realm of information gathering and security analysis. The study involves a thorough examination of OSINT techniques, including the use of social media, forums, and unconventional data sources, while also discussing the ethical issues that are inherent in this developing field. The incorporation of artificial intelligence into CTI is revolutionizing the field by improving the processing of data, recognition of patterns, and predictive analysis. The study examines the ways in which AI enhances human intelligence, addresses emerging threats, and enables collaboration across many domains. An essential component is a thorough comparative examination, tracing the development of OSINT techniques and CTI methodologies prior to and following the emergence of AI. Examining the profound impact of AI on the process of collecting information, resulting in increased expertise, efficiency, and adaptability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CQKNDJH6,2024,Angeliki Gioti,,,2024-03-28T09:52:01Z,"['8XXD789V', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.26267/unipi_dione/3728,,Master's Thesis,University of Piraeus,https://openalex.org/W6964698229,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W6964698229,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://dione.lib.unipi.gr/xmlui/bitstream/unipi/16306/3/Gioti_mte2205.pdf,1.0 2316,The Navy is trying to use quantum computers to task spy satellites,Magazine article,https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2024/02/navy-trying-use-quantum-computers-task-spy-satellites/394481/,Some problems are coming into focus for the next big leap in computing.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TH4YN9BV,2024-02-27,Patrick Tucker,,Defense One,2024-03-28T09:49:06Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2317,Israeli Intelligence Was Caught Off Guard: The Hamas Attack on 7 October 2023—A Preliminary Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2315546,"On the morning of 7 October 2023, at 6:29 AM, Israel was surprised when forces of the Hamas organization attacked Israel from the Gaza Strip, along the border between Gaza and Israel, and caused enormous damage to human life and property. On that day, about 1,300 Israelis were killed, most of them civilians and the rest soldiers. About 240 Israelis were kidnapped and taken into Gaza as hostages. Israel had no concrete warning of the coming attack. It was a complete surprise to the Intelligence Community (IC) and security system. Following this attack, Israel went to war against Hamas, in Gaza, calling it the Iron Swords War, with the intent of collapsing its military power and governing rule. The lack of intelligence warning raises many questions about the capability of the Israeli IC, especially the Israel Military Intelligence Directorate (IMI) and the Israel Security Agency (ISA). Israel’s intelligence had known of the strengthening of Hamas, but there was an assumption that Hamas had changed its objectives and aimed to establish its rule and statehood in Gaza. As a result, it was assumed that Hamas would refrain from offensive action that would, in turn, provoke counterattacks by Israel, which would not serve its interests. The Israeli IC assumed that if Hamas decided to attack, the ISA and the IMI would provide early warning. Only on 7 October did Israel learn that Hamas was secretly intensifying its efforts to prepare an attack on Israel.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2N7HYNUE,2024-03-26,Avner Barnea,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-03-28T09:46:59Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ']",10.1080/08850607.2024.2315546,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393190826,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393190826,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,,0.0 2318,"Latin American gossip or Caribbean Basin intelligence sharing?: operation PBFORTUNE, 1952",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2334116,"This article reexamines the rise and fall of Operation PBFORTUNE by restoring the contributions of its Latin American participants. In 1952, a loose network of Caribbean Basin regimes sought to overthrow Jacobo Arbenz’s democratically-elected government in Guatemala. At the same time, the U.S. government’s State Department and CIA held the same goal. Lobbied by Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza on behalf of Guatemalan counterrevolutionary Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas, the Truman Administration inadvertently approved what Caribbean Basin officials interpreted as their own scheme. Although the CIA would be regularly notified of meetings among Latin American actors, Assistant Secretary of State Edward Miller grew increasingly frustrated as Caribbean Basin officials contacted State Department officials whom Miller intended to keep unaware. When the State Department ended the program, U.S. officials blamed their Latin American counterparts in order to maintain plausible deniability and circumvent any discussions about their respective department’s role in Operation PBFORTUNE.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CFG6BS5I,2024-03-25,Aaron Coy Moulton,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-03-27T09:30:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2024.2334116,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393159459,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2319,"Grasping Gallipoli: Terrain, Maps and Failure at the Dardanelles, 1915",Book,https://thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/grasping-gallipoli/,"The failure of the Gallipoli campaign was instantly blamed on a great untruth – that the War Office was unprepared. This book, incorporating information unavailable elsewhere, shows that in fact the WO and the Admiralty had amassed a huge amount of data. Aerial reconnaissance had played a part – even Lawrence of Arabia had done his bit! The War Office knew all about Greek plans to capture the peninsula and one plan was even Anglo-Greek. The authors examine all the intelligence and how it was used or ignored and in the process, in the words of the late Richard Holmes they ‘illuminate a wildly beautiful landscape, which never fails to charm and shock me in equal measure.’",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HIXWDUKY,2005,"Peter Chasseaud, Peter Doyle",The History Press,,2020-06-05T10:17:16Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2320,UK counter-eavesdropping agency gets slap on the wrist for eavesdropping,Magazine article,https://therecord.media/uk-nace-unlawful-surveillance-journalistic-source,The agency known as UK NACE was given new powers in October 2021 to acquire communications data. A watchdog says it overstepped its bounds in trying to unearth a journalist's source.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BNZC34FK,2024-03-26,Alexander Martin,,The Record,2024-03-26T15:06:49Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2321,Routledge Handbook of Disinformation and National Security,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Disinformation-and-National-Security/Arcos-Chiru-Ivan/p/book/9781032040509,"This interdisciplinary Handbook provides an in-depth analysis of the complex security phenomenon of disinformation and offers a toolkit to counter such tactics. Disinformation used to propagate false, inexact or out of context information is today a frequently used tool of political manipulation and information warfare, both online and offline. This Handbook evidences a historical thread of continuing practices and modus operandi in overt state propaganda and covert information operations. Further, it attempts to unveil current methods used by propaganda actors, the inherent vulnerabilities they exploit in the fabric of democratic societies and, last but not least, to highlight current practices in countering disinformation and building resilient audiences. The Handbook is divided into six thematic sections. The first part provides a set of theoretical approaches to hostile influencing, disinformation and covert information operations. The second part looks at disinformation and propaganda in historical perspective offering case study analysis of disinformation, and the third focuses on providing understanding of the contemporary challenges posed by disinformation and hostile influencing. The fourth part examines information and communication practices used for countering disinformation and building resilience. The fifth part analyses specific regional experiences in countering and deterring disinformation, as well as international policy responses from transnational institutions and security practitioners. Finally, the sixth part offers a practical toolkit for practitioners to counter disinformation and hostile influencing. This handbook will be of much interest to students of national security, propaganda studies, media and communications studies, intelligence studies and International Relations in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WWMBSKCU,2023-11-17,"Rubén Arcos, Irena Chiru, Cristina Ivan",Routledge,,2024-03-26T11:54:23Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2322,The Lumumba Plot: The Secret History of the CIA and a Cold War Assassination,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/616779/the-lumumba-plot-by-stuart-a-reid/,"It was supposed to be a moment of great optimism, a cause for jubilation. The Congo was at last being set free from Belgium—one of seventeen countries to gain independence in 1960 from ruling European powers. At the helm as prime minister was charismatic nationalist Patrice Lumumba. Just days after the handover, however, the Congo’s new army mutinied, Belgian forces intervened, and Lumumba turned to the United Nations for help in saving his newborn nation from what the press was already calling “the Congo crisis.” Dag Hammarskjöld, the tidy Swede serving as UN secretary-general, quickly arranged the organization’s biggest peacekeeping mission in history. But chaos was still spreading. Frustrated with the fecklessness of the UN and spurned by the United States, Lumumba then approached the Soviets for help—an appeal that set off alarm bells at the CIA. To forestall the spread of Communism in Africa, the CIA sent word to its station chief in the Congo, Larry Devlin: Lumumba had to go. Within a year, everything would unravel. The CIA plot to murder Lumumba would fizzle out, but he would be deposed in a CIA-backed coup, transferred to enemy territory in a CIA-approved operation, and shot dead by Congolese assassins. Hammarskjöld, too, would die, in a mysterious plane crash en route to negotiate a cease-fire with the Congo’s rebellious southeast. And a young, ambitious military officer named Joseph Mobutu, who had once sworn fealty to Lumumba, would seize power with U.S. help and misrule the country for more than three decades. For the Congolese people, the events of 1960–61 represented the opening chapter of a long horror story. For the U.S. government, however, they provided a playbook for future interventions. LISTEN",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GZNRSVKI,2023-10-17,Stuart A. Reid,Penguin Random House,,2024-03-26T11:51:14Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2323,An Early Influence Operation - The Albert Briefcase Affair: A 100-Year Cover-up of a British Propaganda Coup,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-68-no-1-extracts-march-2024/an-early-influence-operation-the-albert-briefcase-affair-a-100-year-cover-up-of-a-british-propaganda-coup/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RPTEFF7A,2024-03-01,"Heribert von Feilitzsch, Charles H. Harris",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-03-26T11:49:12Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2324,"What Are We Talking About Now, When We Talk About Counterintelligence? Revisiting a Question Asked in 2009",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-68-no-1-extracts-march-2024/what-are-we-talking-about-now-when-we-talk-about-counterintelligence-revisiting-a-question-asked-in-2009/,"No better lesson than the Dreyfus Affair will ever be shown to the people; they have to make the effort to distinguish between liars and truthful men. They have to read, question, compare, verify, think.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/53UFDB3E,2024-03-01,John Ehrman,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-03-26T11:46:59Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2325,Future of Intelligence: “The Incalculable Element”: The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-68-no-1-extracts-march-2024/future-of-intelligence-the-incalculable-element-the-promise-and-peril-of-artificial-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FAS4H65T,2024-03-01,Zachery Tyson Brown,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-03-26T11:45:56Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2326,Australian intelligence chiefs want law to stop former spies taking skills overseas,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/mar/24/australian-intelligence-chiefs-want-law-to-stop-former-spies-taking-skills-overseas,Asio bosses fear ‘growing threat’ as foreign governments are allowed to gain knowledge of tradecraft,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H3MLALBG,2024-03-23T19:00:28.000Z,Karen Middleton,,The Guardian,2024-03-26T09:53:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2327,"Bismarck’s Circus: The German Foreign Office and the Emergence of an Imperial Secret Service, 1867–1890",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2024.2332271,"Based upon this new study, the traditional image of Bismarck as a conservative statesman who did not rely on espionage to conduct his diplomacy must be completely revised. The available source material shows clearly that the German chancellor created and funded a large and effective secret service organization within the Foreign Office. This imperial intelligence agency existed outside of the constitutional framework of the German Empire but was an integral component of the conduct of diplomacy in this era and helped to make Bismarck the most successful statesman of his era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VVPRCPN8,2024-03-21,James Stone,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-03-23T22:36:23Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/07075332.2024.2332271,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393043470,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2328,Espionage and The Harming of Innocents,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-024-09730-x,"In her latest book Spying Through a Glass Darkly: The Ethics of Espionage and Counter-Intelligence, Cécile Fabre suggests that the deception of third parties during an infiltration operation can be justified as a foreseen but unintended side effect. In this essay, I criticize this view. Such deception, I argue, is better justified paternalistically as a means of preventing third parties from becoming wrongful threats. In the second part of the article, I show that Fabre ignores an important moral complication in deception operations where agents intentionally allow others to be harmed as a means of protecting a secret. I argue that intentionally allowing harm to others as a means is a particularly problematic mode of agency which must be addressed in a normative account of espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NF7XXUFX,2024-03-20,Lars Christie,,Criminal Law and Philosophy,2024-03-23T22:35:55Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1007/s11572-024-09730-x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393008103,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11572-024-09730-x.pdf, 2329,The Future of Intelligence Practice Concluding: Lessons for Just Intelligence Institutions,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-14/future-intelligence-practice-adam-henschke-patrick-walsh?context=ubx&refId=cdeb560a-686e-4910-9168-500b5920a2bf,"In this chapter, we draw lessons from the recent COVID-19 pandemic about the relations between national security intelligence practices and institutions and non-national security space. As the COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world, the unique epistemic tools and skills of intelligence were needed to understand what was happening and also to provide guidance for political decision-makers. The basic argument of this chapter is that the interactions between national security institutions and public health institutions present a very useful way to envision the future of intelligence. We use this chapter to consolidate a number of arguments and principles developed through the book, that the jus ad intelligentium and jus in intelligentia principles are in fact ways of ensuring and assuring the public at large that their intelligence institutions are worthy of trust.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ANHQGV7L,2024,"Adam Henschke, Patrick F. Walsh",Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:33:28Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'DVEM4H4W']",,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2330,"Changing Practices, Disruptive Technologies, and the Evolution of Intelligence Institutions",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-13/changing-practices-disruptive-technologies-evolution-intelligence-institutions-adam-henschke-patrick-walsh-roger-bradbury?context=ubx&refId=71117de8-0f7c-497d-a7e0-65b461aa95f7,"This chapter looks at three disruptive technologies to show how they are impacting intelligence practices and institutions. Specifically, we look at facial recognition technologies, encryption technologies, and how modern information and communication technologies are driving the evolution of open-source intelligence (OSINT). Each of these examples, we argue, shows three things. First, the simple application of the just war principles will not meet the current reality of national security intelligence. Second, intelligence institutions need to develop a principled and reflective approach to these changes. Finally, accountability is a fundamental principle that must be incorporated into intelligence practice and institutions in order for them to be considered just.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XX2XLP8F,2024,"Adam Henschke, Patrick F. Walsh, Roger Bradbury",Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:31:59Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2331,Beyond Independence: The Ethics of Trustworthy Intelligence Institutions,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-12/beyond-independence-adam-henschke?context=ubx&refId=e8934fb3-0a18-4adc-aaab-9076fc3ffd09,"The focus of this chapter is on the relationships between intelligence institutions and other political institutions. I suggest that there is a commonly held belief that intelligence and politics ought to be independent. On this analysis, this independence is bidirectional: intelligence practices and institutions need to be independent of political influence, and political actors and institutions need to be independent of the influence of intelligence actors. However, I then show that this is a myth, but a noble one that has a sound moral foundation. Looking to this foundation, I argue that what ought to be aimed is that intelligence institutions are worthy of trust. I then offer three different elements of trust: reliability, predictability, and correct intention, to show how the aspirational elements captured in the independence myth can be met by having trustworthy intelligence institutions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NCTV3MYY,2024,Adam Henschke,Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:31:23Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2332,PSYOP and Intelligence Institutions,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-9/psyop-intelligence-institutions-andrew-alexandra?context=ubx&refId=27063670-44a3-48ba-b06e-4b6a82241cd6,"This chapter delves into the ethically complex area of psychological operations (PSYOP) in times of peace, as a potential cause for war, and in war. We argue that there is a defeasible right to make use of PSYOP, so there is a distinction between protected uses, where others are not entitled to prevent or retaliate against their use, and unprotected uses, where they may have such a privilege.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D4RUFPJ2,2024,Andrew Alexandra,Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:25:44Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2333,Privacy as Digital Sovereignty: Rethinking Privacy for International Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-11/privacy-digital-sovereignty-adam-henschke?context=ubx&refId=106e91b0-3645-42c8-a46b-6afe7af106b3,"This chapter analyses the concept of privacy. I argue that privacy needs to be understood in at least three different ways. First, a traditional ethical and philosophical account of privacy understands it in reference to two people and the ways that they ought to treat information about each other. I then show that privacy also needs to be understood in a political sense by reference to the relations between individuals and institutions. Of primary importance here are the relations between citizens and their state. However, with the rise of informational institutions spurred by the penetration of the internet into almost every part of our daily lives, we must also recognise the particular relations between consumers and private companies. I then argue that modern national security intelligence practices, in which states are able to gather and direct information against the citizens of other states, require that we think of privacy in a third way, by reference to digital sovereignty.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IZ3G8K2X,2024,Adam Henschke,Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:30:35Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2334,Institutionalising Intelligence Ethics: The Case for a Just Intelligence Theory,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-1/institutionalising-intelligence-ethics-adam-henschke-patrick-walsh?context=ubx&refId=7303aa3f-fd9f-4354-8476-23e4b32bed93,"This chapter sets up the core themes of the book. First, that intelligence creates ethical tensions for decision-makers and practitioners in liberal democratic states and second, that key aspects of intelligence involve practices that are outside of what would normally be ethically permissible behaviour, but may be required due to national security competition. We argue that intelligence is not simply a set of practices, but that it also refers to institutions. The chapter draws this tension out by reflecting on the role of secrets in intelligence practice and looking at the ethics of dirty hands. It then turns to liberal democracies and national security to place intelligence in a context of national security and decision-making. The chapter then recognises important features of national security intelligence, marking the distinction between collection and analysis, and sets up a discussion of the ethics of institutions, to present a normative theory of intelligence agencies. This recognises the need for them not to engage in unlawful activity and to be accountable to their own democratically elected government, notwithstanding their national security function and consequent need for a high degree of secrecy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JZ9FHYQF,2024,"Adam Henschke, Patrick F. Walsh",Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:19:56Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2335,On National Security Intelligence : Concepts and Contexts,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-3/national-security-intelligence-seumas-miller?context=ubx&refId=73828994-f556-4b60-9184-b2f52993ee0b,"This chapter presents a case for intelligence to be understood as institutionalised joint epistemic activity in the service of national security decision-making in an adversarial environment.. This definition is important to show how intelligence practices differ from that of military practice. That is, in warfare, the primary activities involve kinetic or physical actions. In intelligence, however, the primary activities are epistemic even if intelligence is used to support the military in warfare. They involve multiple individuals cooperatively collecting and analysing information in order to better understand the world; national security intelligence activity is joint epistemic activity. However, we argue that a comprehensive account of intelligence activity cannot stop there – intelligence practices are institutionalised joint epistemic activity. A single collector may gather intelligence on a particular target, but this is only part of a comprehensive institutionalised intelligence practice. Thus, we argue that intelligence collection, analysis, and dissemination constitute institutionalised joint epistemic activities. Again, however, we argue that a proper definition of intelligence cannot stop there. In order to describe how intelligence operates and to differentiate it from other forms joint epistemic activity, intelligence must be seen as adversarial, the adversaries in question being nation-states or, in relation to much intelligence concerning terrorists, between nation-states and non-state actors.. Finally, we develop the teleological approach in terms of the aimed-at collective good of national security to focus our analysis on national security intelligence. This clarification and focus present the case for an institutional approach to intelligence ethics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BVRBALEB,2024,Seumas Miller,Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:21:06Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2336,On Just Intelligence Operations : Exceptions and Explanations,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-4/intelligence-operations-adam-henschke?context=ubx&refId=8ed9deb7-53cd-4e13-b661-22a6be14b766,"This chapter situates approaches to intelligence ethics that draw from and refer to the just war tradition (JWT). The JWT has a long rich history to draw from. Furthermore, both intelligence and warfare necessarily involve the transgression of regular moral norms. In normal life, spying on someone, exploiting their weaknesses, and coercing them into a particular set of behaviours would be morally impermissible. However, in intelligence, these transgressions are not only permitted they may also be required and celebrated. Moreover, intelligence requires these practices to be developed, determined, and directed by intelligence institutions. So, much like the ethics of war, in which justified institutional decisions around the resort to warfare are tied to six particular criteria, we present a case for six principles of jus ad intelligentium (i.e. the decision to direct the gathering of intelligence in a particular setting): just cause for intelligence (JCI) right intention for intelligence (RII) legitimate authority for intelligence (LAI) logical resort for intelligence intelligence that is fit for purpose, and proportionality for intelligence. Importantly, I show how these six jus ad intelligentium principles differ from the six jus ad bellum criteria. Furthermore, I use the institutional frame to how and why these principles differ from other suggested JIT approaches.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RHTZKB32,2024,Adam Henschke,Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:21:56Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2337,"National Security Intelligence Activity: The Principles of Discrimination, Necessity, and Proportionality",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-5/national-security-intelligence-activity-seumas-miller?context=ubx&refId=6c8be11f-a171-4b52-9678-e11866a8cd06,"This chapter looks more closely at intelligence practices that fit the jus in intelligentia (i.e. what methods can legitimately be used to gather intelligence). As before, the argument is that while the general principles offered in jus in bello are useful starting points, they do not apply in a straightforward way to intelligence. The point of departure is that intelligence practices are mainly epistemic in character and justified by reference to the institutional purposes of intelligence to aid in national security decision-making, and so they differ quite significantly from the jus in bello criteria. Accordingly, while some constitutive principles of just war theory (JWT) are applicable to national security intelligence activity, notwithstanding the essentially epistemic character of intelligence activity, these principles need to be significantly revised if they are to be applicable. Specifically, analyses are offered in this chapter of the key principles of discrimination, necessity, and proportionality. It is argued that the principle of military necessity applicable to kinetic activity in a theatre of war differs from the principle of necessity applicable to national security intelligence activity. Likewise, the principles of discrimination and proportionality applicable to kinetic activity in theatres of war need to be revised when applied to intelligence activity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LMGJFTU3,2024,Seumas Miller,Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:22:32Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2338,Espionage: Ends and Means,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-7/espionage-seumas-miller?context=ubx&refId=971f4d05-8bdf-4e5c-ac7a-fd4846a34887,"This chapter looks at espionage, the collection and analysis of the secret intelligence of hostile foreign states. One set of issues concerns the normative theoretical framework justifying espionage (in our restricted sense of that term). In short, what are the purposes or ends that justify the institutional activity of espionage as a means? It was argued in Chapter 2 that espionage and other national security intelligence activities are ultimately justified by the collective moral good of national security. A second set of issues concerns the particular moral principles that ought to govern the institutional practice of espionage as a means. The principles of discrimination, necessity, and proportionality, discussed in Chapter 4, come to mind and it is assumed that they have application to espionage. However, it is argued that there is an additional principle, namely, a principle of reciprocity in play. In relation to the need for recourse to a principle of reciprocity, it is argued that while espionage is typically a harmful activity, nevertheless, the moral wrongness of harmful espionage activity can be mitigated if it is reciprocal. It is also argued that espionage is frequently, if by no means always, a species of “dirty hands” epistemic activity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BUPEH5IW,2024,Seumas Miller,Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:23:02Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2339,Covert Action: The Ethics of Secret National Security Operations,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003106449-8/covert-action-andrew-alexandra?context=ubx&refId=a1f23bf1-e17b-492c-b9a5-46919713a9d0,"Covert action is the focus of this chapter. We start by clarifying what covert action is, and putting the practice in its historical and institutional context. The chapter then explores the supposed justifications for covert actions and looks at particular institutional aspects of responsibility and authority when democratic states undertake covert action.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D5N8VZ3Q,2024,Andrew Alexandra,Routledge,,2024-03-23T22:24:29Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2340,Open Source Intelligence for War Crime Documentation,Conference paper,https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3654/short3.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UTJZJC5A,2024-02-28,"Vladyslav Bilous, Dmytro Bodnenko, Oleksii Khokhlov, Oleksandra Lokaziuk, Iryna Stadnik",,,2024-03-23T22:14:31Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2341,How can open-source intelligence help prove war crimes?,Blog post,https://www.context.news/ai/how-can-open-source-intelligence-help-prove-war-crimes,A non-profit is using open-source intelligence (OSINT) to document starvation war crimes in Ukraine,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/83GNDUGE,2024-02-21,Adam Smith,,,2024-03-23T22:12:41Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2342,Intelligence & the Russo-Ukrainian war: introduction to the special issue,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2330132,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HEGVJFW8,2024-03-21,"Mark Phythian, David Strachan-Morris",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-23T21:53:22Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2330132,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393035002,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393035002,2024.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2024.2330132?download=true,0.0 2343,Intelligence in the time of war: Romanian lenses on changing practices and social dynamics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2329420,"Crucial in any military conflict, information warfare has proved to be a distinguishing characteristic and an essential strategic means in the Russo-Ukrainian War. Both sides have invested in advancing narratives that can facilitate and support their version of truth and that can make a difference in winning the war. Publishing open source and declassified intelligence has been employed as a tactic in an unprecedented way, one that has stimulated an intense debate over the reconceptualisation of intelligence and the new role intelligence needs to play in a larger social context. Due to its novelty and potential, this major shift requires further attention. Additionally, its meanings and reflections deserve deciphering in other national contexts that are relevant for understanding the role of intelligence in the Russo-Ukrainian war. The paper looks at the particular case of Romania, whose relevance is determined mostly by its geographical proximity to the conflict area. By using qualitative research, it aims to investigate the perceptions of two types of respondents: Romanian experts in intelligence, security and strategic communication, and students taking intelligence and security-related study programmes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I2LJ9AFL,2024-03-21,"Irena Chiru, Cristina Ivan",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-23T21:52:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'Y959U28A']",10.1080/02684527.2024.2329420,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393044783,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2344,"Fake leads, defamation and destabilization: how online disinformation continues to impact Russia’s invasion of Ukraine",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2329418,"This article looks back at Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine through the perspective of online disinformation in open-source spaces. The pre-invasion phase highlights the use of false videos and narratives to justify aggression and the role Open-source investigations play in debunking them. The tactics Russia employed in attempts to dehumanise Ukrainians and paint them as unsympathetic victims with a focus on leveraging the narratives of corruption and Nazism. The article also addresses the diversionary tactics employed by Russia to steer attention away from its presence in Ukraine, emphasising the exploitation of Western hypocrisy and polarisation. Finally, the growing role of AI in disinformation campaigns is discussed, stressing the need for policy development to counteract its misuse. Overall, this article emphasises the importance of updated, proactive and resilient policy to counter Russian disinformation, enhance the resilience of credible open-source investigations, and promote digital literacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X6KNJK3B,2024-03-22,Magdalene Karalis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-23T21:52:24Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2329418,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393087270,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393087270,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,,0.0 2345,Cambridge college unmasks alumnae who were Bletchley Park codebreakers,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/17/cambridge-newnham-college-alumnae-bletchley-park-codebreakers,Names of 77 ex-students of women-only Newnham College who worked at Bletchley Park are revealed for first time,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WBGCN6J6,2024-03-17T11:06:04.000Z,Donna Ferguson,,The Guardian,2024-03-22T15:32:06Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2346,New Zealand spy agency vows increased oversight after hosting foreign intelligence system,Newspaper article,https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/new-zealand-spy-agency-review-suggests-audit-any-foreign-partner-capabilities-it-2024-03-21/,A New Zealand spy agency has accepted recommendations for increased oversight after an inquiry found it had hosted a foreign intelligence-collection system for years without telling the government.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SP8GWURF,2024-03-21T07:54:33Z,Lucy Craymer,,Reuters,2024-03-22T10:32:42Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2347,How Officials Use Intelligence Analysis: A Working Model,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2299024,"How do officials use intelligence analysis? This article proposes a working model based on insights from psychological research into information processing and persuasion. It suggests that officials use analysis adaptively across four stages and four types of use. It advances intelligence studies by clarifying “use,” accounting for mixed evidence, and improving explanations of variation between officials and in the same official over time. The working model opens new opportunities for intelligence research and practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JW8TURIF,2024-03-20,J. Eli Margolis,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-03-22T08:51:59Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2299024,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392977430,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2348,"Espionage, Counterintelligence, and Naval Observation in the Middle of the Atlantic: A Case Study of US Intelligence in the Canary Islands (1939–1945)",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445241239046,"From 1939 to 1945, the Spanish archipelago of the Canary Islands became an alternative battleground for the intelligence services of the warring powers. US intelligence operated through diplomatic, military, and strategic channels such as consulates, the Office of Naval Intelligence, and the Office of Strategic Services. The archipelago was integrated into the US intelligence network in Spain but was also considered important in relation to operations in North Africa. This article interprets the role played by US intelligence in the Canary Islands as a case study of Allied intelligence operations in the North Atlantic Ocean during the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KMPXY346,2024-03-20,Marta García Cabrera,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-03-22T08:51:12Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1177/09683445241239046,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4393008485,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2349,"Intelligence failure: HAMAS had prepared for war and was waiting for the right opportunity, which came on October 7.",Blog post,https://lansinginstitute.org/2024/03/15/intelligence-failure-hamas-had-prepared-for-war-and-was-waiting-for-the-right-opportunity-which-came-on-october-7/,"Since October 7, 2024, when Israel was caught off guard by a sudden and highly damaging attack from Hamas, more information has surfaced regarding why there",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z2SEUCM4,2024-03-15T20:08:44+00:00,Avner Barnea,,,2024-03-21T12:02:15Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2350,Open sources and the future of spying,Blog post,https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/open-sources-future-spying,Countries spy to overcome an information deficit. But we now live in a world of information super-abundance.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CXETACAQ,2024-03-20,Sam Roggeveen,,,2024-03-20T09:03:48Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2351,“The Skinny on American Intelligence & the Law” – with D.C. “Super Lawyer” Mark Zaid,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/625/notes,"Mark Zaid joins Andrew Hammond to discuss American intelligence and the law. You’ve heard of a “lawyer to the stars,” Mark is the “lawyer to the spies.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TEJDGE6B,2024-03-19,Mark Zaid,,,2024-03-19T11:17:20Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2352,Special Forum on intelligence and theory,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2324534,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7U3VE4BR,2024-03-19,"Peter de Werd, Stephen Coulthart, Giangiuseppe Pili, Jules Gaspard, Cristina Ivan, Hager Ben Jaffel, Sebastian Larsson, Damien Rogers, Hamilton Bean, Hedvig Örden, Christian Kaunert, Samantha Newbery",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-19T11:15:36Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2324534,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392958950,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392958950,2024.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2324534,0.0 2353,Russia : Russian officers bristling for NATO fight after Macron hints,Magazine article,"https://www.intelligenceonline.com/government-intelligence/2024/03/18/russian-officers-bristling-for-nato-fight-after-macron-hints,110192340-art",Moscow's military counter-intelligence is pleased to note that Emmanuel Macron's escalating rhetoric is changing the minds of senior Russian officers resistant to the Ukraine military campaign in its,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3A5YDEEA,2024-03-18T00:00:00Z,Intelligence Online,,Intelligence Online,2024-03-19T04:52:53Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2354,A Suspicious Pattern Alarming the Ukrainian Military,Magazine article,https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2024/03/american-satellites-russia-ukraine-war/677775/,A Ukrainian military source believes that Russia’s long-range strikes are aimed using satellite imagery provided by U.S. companies.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DNYH4X22,2024-03-18,Graeme Wood,,The Atlantic,2024-03-19T04:51:26Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2355,Our spy laws are out of date (again) [Australia],Magazine article,https://www.spectator.com.au/2024/03/our-spy-laws-are-out-of-date-again/,"It appears that ASIO is unable to bring about the prosecution of an unamed former politician who betrayed Australia because no laws were broken. Had the betrayal been committed after the introduction of the National Security Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Act 2018 (EFI Act), it might have been a different story. Shadow Home Affairs Minister, James Paterson, provided a sober assessment of calls to out the politician who committed the betrayal. As the EFI Act (and therefore no crime) existed at the time, a defamation action from the traitor would be highly likely. While everyone wants to know who the traitor is, doing so would ultimately compromise ASIO’s operational tactics. This is not the first time in ASIO’s history that those who wish to harm our nation could not be charged because no law was broken.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28BSAET3,2024-03-12T15:00+00:00,Michael de Percy,,The Spectator Australia,2024-03-17T11:16:24Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2356,When Oversight Went Awry: Congress and Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2312280,"Congress’ intelligence oversight has gone off the rails. The legislative branch has taken its constitutional responsibilities of surveying and guiding national intelligence and instead practiced rampant partisanship. The formerly bipartisan and sober intelligence committees have become a political battleground for most of the twenty-first century, although each body will occasionally exhibit rationality and responsibility. Congress began by treating intelligence as another issue to be addressed in the context of contemporary politics. In the Trump era, intelligence itself became a central battleground, and the oversight structure was the forum for a presidential impeachment. Seen in three phases, intelligence oversight in Congress has gone from partisanship (2003–2004) to hyperpartisanship (2004–2014) to intermittent dysfunction (2017–present). This assessment considers Congress’ intelligence oversight through numerous case studies and offers positive examples for reform.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6XM7HJNI,2024-03-15,Gregory C. McCarthy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-03-17T11:15:14Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2312280,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392845692,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2357,"Listening to Cairo: British radio monitoring and intelligence gathering, c. 1953-1967",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2323788,"This article examines the BBC’s radio monitoring service, its relationship with Whitehall, and the CIA’s Foreign Broadcasting Information Service (FBIS). Radio monitoring was invaluable for analysing broadcasting in states, such as in Egypt, where the media became state controlled. Listening to radio broadcasts provided invaluable open-source intelligence concerning internal economic and political developments that might have been difficult to collect by more orthodox mechanisms. This article focuses on Anglo-American monitoring of Egyptian ‘political’ broadcasts by Sawt al-Arab (Voice of the Arabs) that were widely listened to across the Middle East and East Africa. Egyptian transmissions were characterised by their hostility to Britain’s allies and interests in Iraq, Jordan, and the Persian Gulf, which explains why they were examined in detail by the Joint Intelligence Committee. The evidence shows radio monitoring reports were invaluable for officials on the ground and in Whitehall, but the impact of intelligence analysis of Egypt’s intentions on high level decision making in Whitehall is contestable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PUKAXB99,2024-03-14,Tancred Bradshaw,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-17T11:14:07Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2024.2323788,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392859221,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392859221,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,,0.0 2358,"Sex, spies and scandal : the John Vassall affair",Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/show/3XEltQNIhwCN60teFmbQwl,"Listen to Cold War Conversations on Spotify. Award-winning real stories of the Cold War told by those who were there. Every week we interview an eyewitness of the Cold War. Across soldiers, spies, civilians, and others, we aim to cover the whole range of Cold War experiences. Hosts Ian Sanders, James Chilcott, and Peter Ryan bring your ears into the heart of the Cold War. Reading a history book is one thing, but hearing a human voice, with every breath, hesitation and intonation brings a whole new dimension to understanding what it was like to be there. We cover subjects such as spies, spying, the Iron Curtain, nuclear weapons, warfare, tanks, jet aircraft, fighters, bombers, transport aircraft, aviation, culture, and politics. We also cover personalities such as Fidel Castro, JFK, Ronald Reagan, Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, Mikhail Gorbachev, Konstantin Chernenko, Margaret Thatcher, John F. Kennedy, Josef Stalin, Richard Nixon, Lech Walesa, General Jaruzelski, Nicolae Ceaușescu. Other subjects include Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin, West Berlin, East Berlin, Cuban missile Crisis, Berlin Airlift, Bay of Pigs, SALT, Perestroika, Space Race, superpower, USSR, Soviet Union, DDR, GDR, East Germany, SDI, Vietnam War, Korean War, Solidarność, Fall of the Wall, Berliner Mauer, Trabant, Communist, Capitalist, Able Archer, KGB, Stasi, STB, SB, Securitate, CIA, NSA, MI5, MI6, Berlin Wall, escape, defection, Cuba, Albania, football, sport, Bulgaria, Soviet Union, Poland, China, Taiwan, Austria, West Germany, Solidarity, espionage, HUMINT, SIGINT, OSINT, IMINT, GEOINT, RAF, USAF, British Army, US Army, Red Army, Soviet Army, Afghanistan, NVA, East German Army, KAL007, T-72, T-64, Chieftain, M60 The podcast is for military veterans, school teachers, university lecturers, students and those interested in Cold War history, museums, bunkers, weapons, AFVs, wargaming, planes, A Level, GCSE students",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2JJ32LT4,2024-03-16,Alex Grant,,,2024-03-16T11:20:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2359,Exclusive: Trump launched CIA covert influence operation against China,Newspaper article,https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-launched-cia-covert-influence-operation-against-china-2024-03-14/,"Two years into office, President Donald Trump authorized the Central Intelligence Agency to launch a clandestine campaign on Chinese social media aimed at turning public opinion in China against its government, according to former U.S. officials with direct knowledge of the highly classified operation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZBJ3P9XZ,2024-03-14T16:18:47.591Z,"Joel Schectman, Christopher Bing",,Reuters,2024-03-16T11:25:32Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2360,Contemporary Intelligence in Africa,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Contemporary-Intelligence-in-Africa/Gwatiwa/p/book/9781032429656,"The edited volume examines contemporary intelligence and tradecraft in Africa. The work offers a timely and empirically grounded account of African intelligence. It provides a multi-contributor narrative that explains contemporary dynamics without discounting historical and external influences, as well as explaining systemic dynamics borne by African agency. The volume features chapters on different issues and themes in intelligence studies, which include but are not limited to: intelligence politicization; covert operations and subversion during political transitions; institutionalizing intelligence in post-conflict states; intelligence and counterterrorism; financial intelligence and complex crimes; intelligence professionalization; media and intelligence; intelligence humanization; environmental intelligence; and others. The volume is geographically representative and features case studies from the five regions of Africa: North Africa (the Maghreb), East (or Horn of) Africa, Central Africa, West Africa, and Southern Africa. Without following a specific theoretical orientation, the book also aims to start a conversation around the prospects for a theory for African intelligence, with the various chapters paying attention to the political, social, and economic nuances that have a bearing on contemporary intelligence in Africa. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, African politics, security studies and IR.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4E7LB46W,2024-08-09,Tshepo Gwatiwa,Routledge,,2024-03-16T11:17:28Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2361,"A spy for all seasons: the early career of Baron August Schluga von Rastenfeld, 1866-1890",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2315388,"Baron August Schluga von Rastenfeld is considered by most historians to be the most successful spy of the late nineteenth century. Yet very little is known about the man or his work as a German secret agent. Until recently it was believed that the destruction of all documentary evidence of his exploits meant that this void could never be filled. However, this study has uncovered new material that provides important insights into the achievements and methods of this master spy. It also serves as a representative case study of the general conduct of espionage in the decades preceding the First World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3A6HEKUM,2024-03-14,James Stone,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-03-16T11:12:07Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/16161262.2024.2315388,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392807104,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2362,Legislating the National Intelligence Services in Sri Lanka,Conference paper,http://ir.kdu.ac.lk/handle/345/7295,"National Intelligence Services Act is a long overdue legislation. Separate legislation for national intelligence is a paramount import to mount intelligence operations that empower and enhance high-grade and high-quality intelligence. Accordingly, a reasonable query arises about the anatomy of such legislation. This study committed to finding viable connotations and considerations of the prospective National Intelligence Services Act of Sri Lanka compared to the similar legislations of other jurisdictions. This study is qualitative. It instigates with the doctrinal legal research methodology (black letter approach) apprehending existing legal regimes and concludes with a comparative study with similar laws of the selected jurisdictions. The researcher has referred to structured interviews and black letter instruments with legal binding as its primary sources, while research journal articles, committee reports, and special reports as secondary resources. This study recommends governing legal principles of Sri Lanka in formulating the national intelligence Legislation. Further, it proposes connotations and considerations for the legislation, the establishment of national intelligence institutions with their power, functions, and administration, authorized acts in the intelligence operation which includes intelligence cycle and counterintelligence of overt and covert operations, and the introduction of the intelligence warrants and their mandates, intelligence oversight measures, and intelligence tribunal for complaint handling and interpretation of terms that facilitate the smooth application of such legislation in Sri Lanka. Finally, the study stresses two aspects - the legal protection of the intelligence community and individual liberty as the foremost principles in formulating the prospective National Intelligence Services Act of Sri Lanka.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J8GLFV6B,2023-09,"W. D. S. Rodrigo, H. S. D. Mendis, Kaan Thilakarathna",,,2024-03-15T22:00:22Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2363,Soldier-Spy: The National Security State and the 1960s World War II Spy Film,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/17526272.2024.2326314,"This article examines Cold War-era representations of WWII, observing the visible influence that sixties’ espionage media had on retrospective images of WWII. Representations of bunkers in the postwar were influenced by advent of atomic warfare, with images of Normandy’s brutalist pillboxes replaced by fantasies of Nordhausen’s subterranean rocket factories. While wartime propaganda had platformed film reels of vast public armies fuelling the Allied fight against fascism, cinema of the 1960s replaced total war with the image of the singular spy, operating covertly behind enemy lines in Nazi uniforms, and allegedly unmarred by ideology. Examining the visual rhetoric at play in these scenarios, this paper argues that it is not fascism which these films claim must be stopped. Rather, it is the Cold War-era fear of global insecurity, caused by the misuse or mishandling of advanced weaponry by nations which are not America or Britain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DV7W4X3E,2024-03-12,Maxim Tvorun-Dunn,Routledge,Journal of War & Culture Studies,2024-03-15T21:58:47Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/17526272.2024.2326314,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392717566,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2364,"Reports, politics, and intelligence failures: The case of Iraq",Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01402390600566282,"The intelligence failure concerning Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has been the center of political controversy and official investigations in three countries. This article reviews the Report on the U.S. Intelligence Community's Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq, Senate Select...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KVZZJMYI,2006,Robert Jervis,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/01402390600566282,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2168643837,142.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2168643837,2012.0,2026.0,2006.0,,6.0 2365,Arctic Convoys: Bletchley Park and the War for the Seas,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/book/9780300269444/arctic-convoys/,"An incisive account of the Arctic convoys, and the essential role Bletchley Park and Special Intelligence played in Allied success Between 1941 and 1945, more than eight hundred shiploads of supplies were delivered to the Soviet Union protected by allied naval forces. Each journey was a battle against the elements, with turbulent seas, extreme cold, and the constant dread of torpedoes. These Arctic convoys have been mythologized as defenseless vessels at the mercy of deadly U-boats—but was this really the case? David Kenyon explores the story of the war in the Arctic, revealing that the contest was more evenly balanced that previously thought. Battles included major ship engagements, aircraft carriers, and combat between surface ships. Amid this wide range of forces, Bletchley Park’s Naval Section played a decisive role in Arctic operations, with both sides relying heavily on Signals Intelligence to intercept and break each other’s codes. Kenyon presents a vivid picture of the Arctic theater of war, unearthing the full-scale campaign for naval supremacy in northern waters.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MRXVJK39,2023-10-24,David Kenyon,Yale University Press,,2024-03-15T09:28:36Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2366,Effective Open Source Intelligence,Blog post,https://medium.com/offensive-security-walk-throughs/effective-open-source-intelligence-606337b713fb,A Hands-On Approach to OSINT,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YXRRGPKL,2024-03-14T00:34:51.963Z,Aleksa Zatezalo,,,2024-03-15T09:16:58Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2367,IDF's intel analysis chief to resign in June over October 7 failures,Newspaper article,https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-791807,"Sa'ar is the most senior Israeli official to date to give an exact timeframe for when he will resign, although IDF sources said he was due to finish his role over the summer.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AYS9UKFF,2024-03-13,Yonah Bob,,The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com,2024-03-15T09:15:35Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2368,Vincent Astor: Yachting Spy,Blog post,https://www.spytalk.co/p/vincent-astor-yachting-spy,M,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DA6IYX7I,2024-03-13,Henry R. Schlesinger,,,2024-03-15T09:14:53Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2369,"Vincent Astor, Gentleman Spy",Blog post,https://www.spytalk.co/p/vincent-astor-gentleman-spy,"Heir to immense wealth and privilege, Astor made himself ‘useful’ as a secret agent for FDR in World War Two",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H2WPH8B9,2024-03-13,Henry R. Schlesinger,,,2024-03-15T09:14:21Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2370,واکاوی علل ناکامی سازمان اطلاعاتی پهلوی اول در تقابل با انگلستان و روسیه (با تأکید بر اسناد وزارت دفاع) [Investigating the Reasons for the Failure of the First Pahlavi Intelligence Organization in the Confrontation with England and Russia Relying on the Documents of the Ministry of Defense],Journal article,https://hsow.journal.araku.ac.ir/article_711519.html,"Although the first Pahlavi is known for trying to create a new army and national bureaucratic institutions, as historical evidence shows, the structure and protection-security programs of Reza Shah to deal with the intelligence activities of foreign countries and especially England and Russia have not had favorable results. Based on this, the main question of the present article concerns the failure of the first Pahlavi intelligence organization to deal with England and Russia. The results of this study show that while dominating communication infrastructures, extensive and organized use of obvious sources and finally human espionage have been considered as the general strategy of England, the use of diplomatic institutions and people was the main strategy of Russia. Additionally, this document-oriented research shows that the prevalence of customary-cultural compulsions of the Qajar period in the center of modern institutions, the priority of Reza Shah's interests over national goals, and the lack of nationwide rules and laws in new structures, had destroyed the possibility of properly dealing with the intelligence activities of foreign countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JPTU8WAP,2024-02-20,"Javad Haghgoo, Hosein Molaei",انجمن ایرانی تاریخ با همکاری دانشگاه اراک,The Historial Study of War,2024-03-14T08:50:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.22034/hsow.2024.2010030.1503,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2371,Soviet Diplomacy and Intelligence Efforts to Facilitate Finland’s Withdrawal from the 1941– 1944 War: Insights from Russian Archive,Journal article,https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/3566,"Through both intelligence channels and foreign policy efforts, Moscow gathered information in early 1941 about the growing alliance between Berlin and Helsinki, including increased German-Finnish military collaboration, the deployment of German troops and military equipment in Finland, the recruitment of Finnish volunteers for SS units in Germany, the construction of fortifications along the Soviet border, and the massing of Finnish forces near the Soviet frontier. Despite initially maintaining neutrality after Germany's invasion of the USSR, Finland declared war on the Soviet Union on June 26, 1941. The initial phase of the Soviet-Finnish front from July to December 1941 saw military successes favoring Finland. Subsequently, from late December 1941 until summer 1944, a ""positional war"" ensued with little change to the front line. During this period, Stockholm emerged as a key geopolitical hub where Soviet diplomats, led by A. Kollontai, and intelligence officers navigated the complex task of encouraging Finland to engage in peace talks with the Soviet Union and withdraw from the war. Sweden's neutrality in the conflict and its traditionally strong ties with Finland positioned it as an effective mediator in these negotiations. Additionally, Moscow successfully lobbied Washington to apply diplomatic pressure on Helsinki to initiate negotiations, which gradually began to yield positive results. The multifaceted efforts of Soviet diplomats and intelligence, coupled with A. Kollontai’s active involvement in this diplomatic endeavor, facilitated two rounds of Soviet-Finnish negotiations in Moscow in March and September 1944. While the March talks faltered due to Finnish delegates and political stances, the September negotiations succeeded in persuading Finland to agree to a truce, ceasing hostilities. This diplomatic victory contributed to the gradual disintegration of the anti-USSR coalition led by Germany, with Finland becoming a crucial component to exit this alliance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QNCZ4KBM,2024-01-16,V. S. Khristoforov,,MGIMO Review of International Relations,2024-03-14T08:44:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.24833/2071-8160-2023-6-93-37-68,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390978942,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/download/3566/2546, 2372,Telling Americans About China (and Intelligence) – with Sara Castro,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/624/notes,Dr. Sara Castro joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the history of US-China diplomacy. Sara is an Associate Professor of History at the United States Air Force Academy.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q7BQFQDE,2024-03-12,Sara Castro,,,2024-03-13T22:30:13Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2373,"Swedish intelligence, Russia and the War in Ukraine: anticipations, course, and future implications",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2325248,"As the sole plausible military threat facing Sweden, the Soviet Union and then Russia have consistently been at the top of Swedish intelligence collection priorities. In fact, understanding Russia and its military forces well is a source of pride and self-perceived comparative advantage of the Swedish intelligence community. This article contextualizes Swedish intelligence collection on Russia, including its Cold War antecedents and the persistent counterintelligence threat. It then describes Swedish intelligence reporting in anticipation of the war in Ukraine, including a reported misjudgement that Russia would ultimately not conduct a full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine in its entirety. This ‘intelligence failure’ was reportedly based on the assessment that Russia had assembled insufficient military capabilities to subjugate Ukraine, and that such an operation would be too risky and costly. Coming full circle in again beginning to focus mainly on great power competition and military capabilities in its near abroad, Swedish military intelligence has since reported valuable intelligence on Russian military capabilities, drawing on a combination of collection capabilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BS8HB8A4,2024-03-11,Michael Jonsson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-13T22:29:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'Y959U28A']",10.1080/02684527.2024.2325248,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392644376,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392644376,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2024.2325248?download=true,0.0 2374,Intelligence officials warn pace of innovation in AI threatens US,Newspaper article,https://cyberscoop.com/intelligence-national-security-artificial-intelligence-threats/,"Governments are struggling with how to respond to rapid technological development, particularly related to artificial intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E5F3DTKY,2024-03-11T22:50:01+00:00,A. J. Vicens,,CyberScoop,2024-03-13T15:04:17Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2375,"The Secret History of the Five Eyes: The untold story of the shadowy international spy network, through its targets, traitors and spies",Book,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03071847.2023.2319989,"The Times best political books of 2022 'This thought-provoking and informative book suggests that the era of globetrotting lone agents such as James Bond is long gone.' - Sydney Morning Herald'the stories Kerbaj tells reveal ... a story of failure - of missing warnings that could have prevented atrocities, of misusing intelligence to start a war' - Observer 'Scintillating ... full of scoops ... by focusing on the human relationships which are the beating heart of the Five Eyes, Kerbaj has made a singular contribution to the intelligence discourse. It's a service to democracy.' - The Australian 'Puts Richard Kerbaj in the front rank of modern authors on espionage. It is, by turns, gripping and shocking and sheds completely new light on the most important intelligence alliance in the world' - Tim Shipman, author of All Out War'Kerbaj ... has chronicled the history of the Fives Eyes spy network. His list of interviewees speaks for itself - several former heads of MI5, MI6, GCHQ, the CIA, four former British and Australian prime ministers, and myriad other current and former spooks. But this account is unencumbered by any sense of an agreed or official narrative.' - Gabriel Pogrund, Whitehall Editor, The Sunday Times 'It is an extraordinary development . . . sets out evidence that the British authorities conspired in a cover-up.' - The TimesThe Secret History of The Five Eyes: The untold story of the international spy network, is a riveting and exclusive narrative of the most powerful and least understood intelligence alliance, which has been steeped in secrecy since its formation in 1956. Richard Kerbaj, an award-winning investigative journalist and filmmaker, bypasses the usual censorship channels to tell the definitive account of authoritative but unauthorised stories of the Western world's most powerful but least known intelligence alliance made up of the US, Britain, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. As Kerbaj shows, spy stories are never better than when they are true - and these span from 1930s Nazi spy rings to the most recent developments in Ukraine and China.Through personal interviews with world leaders - including British Prime Ministers Theresa May and David Cameron - and more than 100 intelligence officials, this book explores the complex personalities who helped shape the Five Eyes. They include a Scotland Yard detective who became a spymaster and inspired the first exchanges between MI5 and the FBI. An American home economics teacher who helped create one of the most effective programmes to counter Soviet espionage. The CIA's lone officer in Budapest during the Hungarian Revolution. GCHQ's chief during the Edward Snowden intelligence leak. And the Australian politician turned diplomat whose tip-off to the FBI instigated the inquiry into Russia's meddling in the US presidential contest between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in 2016.Richard Kerbaj is able to draw from deep inside the secret corridors of power and his unparalleled access spans all 5 countries. Some of the people he has interviewed include former GCHQ director Sir Iain Lobban, CIA director General David Petraeus, MI5 director-general Eliza Manningham-Buller, NSA director Admiral Mike Rogers, British National Security Advisor Kim Darroch, ASIO chief Mike Burgess, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service's chief Richard Fadden, and Ciaran Martin, the official who oversaw Britain's assessments on whether the Chinese telecoms firm, Huawei, should have had a role in the creation of the UK's 5G network. This page-turning book will lift the lid on spy stories from across the English-speaking world, question the future of the alliance, and our place within it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EWTARL9R,2022-09-01,Richard Kerbaj,Blink Publishing,,2024-03-13T09:58:11Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2376,Capturing wartime history to forge postwar intelligence liaison: Telford Taylor’s battle with the US Navy over the future of Anglo-American signals intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2327795,"Telford Taylor was not a career military intelligence officer, but his short career in military intelligence during World War Two had an outsized impact on the development of American interservice as well as Anglo-American signals intelligence. Near the end of the war, Taylor put forth a visionary proposal to harness wartime lessons learned against Germany and Japan in order to prepare for postwar collaboration against likely rivals, particularly the Soviets. While his British interlocutors were amenable to such a project, the US Navy was not.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/THYEASSP,2024-03-12,"David V. Gioe, Nicholas Reynolds",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-03-13T09:02:30Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2024.2327795,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392754921,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2024.2327795?download=true, 2377,ANNUAL THREAT ASSESSMENT OF THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY,Report,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q3E3P7GJ,2024-02-05,Office of the Director of National Intelligence,,,2024-03-12T21:32:07Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2378,US Intelligence Chiefs Deliver Grim Warning on Ukraine,Newspaper article,https://www.voanews.com/a/us-intelligence-chiefs-deliver-grim-warning-for-ukraine/7523825.html,Lawmakers told it is ‘hard to imagine’ how Kyiv can withstand Moscow’s advances without more US military aid.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YRWWEGSW,2024-03-12,Jeff Seldin,,Voice of America,2024-03-12T21:31:20Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2379,Zimbabwe: An Intelligence Community Against Each Other and Everyone,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/967TL3ZI,2023-03-01,János Besenyő,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:20:40Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2380,Zambia: Security Intelligence as a Special Branch of Presidentialism,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CQSVPWEU,2023-03-01,Jeremy Gould,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:20:22Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2381,Uganda: An Intelligence Culture of Politics and Abuse,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RQICLVG4,2023-03-01,Kasaija P. Apuuli,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:19:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2382,Tunisia: An Uphill Battle with Intelligence Reform,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VICWTMLY,2023-03-01,"Florina C. Matei, Jumana Kawar",Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:19:20Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2383,Togo: Intelligence Culture for Dynastic Rule,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/76E8M28P,2023-03-01,Martin R. Rupiya,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:18:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2384,Sudan: An Intelligence System in Transition,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EHY2RQ4W,2023-03-01,,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:18:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2385,South Sudan: From Liberation to Predatory Kleptocratic Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PV828IYA,2023-03-01,Adam Charboneau,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:17:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2386,South Africa: Civilian Intelligence Services Caught Between Party and State,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8SJPH54B,2023-03-01,"Sandy Bussotti, Dimpho Deleglise",Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:17:26Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2387,Somalia: A Battlefield of Intelligence Services,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PPN49KS7,2023-03-01,János Besenyő,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:17:06Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2388,Sierra Leone: An Improving Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B8TDEF97,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:16:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2389,Seychelles: A Maritime State’s Evolving Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VCJJIN6P,2023-03-01,Ashton Robinson,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:16:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2390,Senegal: A Professionalizing Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IM3BGQVB,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:15:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2391,São Tomé and Príncipe: Intelligence Culture on a Small Island Republic,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T6YIJ52E,2023-03-01,David A. Omona,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:15:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2392,The Republic of the Congo: Intelligence on the River Side,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XW75ITX9,2023-03-01,Madison Scholar,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:15:03Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2393,Niger: Surveillance and “Seeing Things” in the Shadow of the Drone,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RYVHJ27W,2023-03-01,Mirco Göpfert,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:14:36Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2394,Namibia: An Authoritarian Intelligence Culture in a Democratic State,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XF8NT97M,2023-03-01,Lennart Bolliger,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:14:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2395,Mozambique: Intelligence in the One-Party Culture of a Democratic State,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JMSZ4NWW,2023-03-01,"Luca Bussotti, Laura António",Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:13:30Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2396,Morocco: Intelligence Culture At the King’s Servic,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K4JECXZE,2023-03-01,Blanca Camps-Febrer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:09:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2397,Mauritius: Moving Towards Mass Surveillance,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7XITFVUC,2023-03-01,Linganaden Murday,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:09:03Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2398,Mauritania: Intelligence Culture at Domestic and International Crossroads,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RJS54EMW,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:08:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2399,Mali: A Developing Intelligence Culture With International Assistance,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KZT3SWF9,2023-03-01,Charlie Lizza,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:06:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2400,Madagascar: An Utterly Weak and Inefficient Intelligence Community,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8C3FXET2,2023-03-01,"Adrien M. Ratsimbaharison, Juvence F. Ramasy",Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:05:58Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2401,"Lesotho: The National Security Service’s Organizational Culture, Oversight and Politics",Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DJQ2WRYC,2023-03-01,"Mopeli Moshoeshoe, Christopher Williams",Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:05:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2402,Kenya: An Evolved Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IBEL5HJW,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:04:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2403,Guinea-Bissau: Intelligence Culture in a Narco-State,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/82JZIY6B,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:04:38Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2404,Ghana: The Origins and Evolution of a National Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UQMDABLT,2023-03-01,"Michael Yekple, Daniel Banini, Philip Attuquayefio",Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:03:55Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2405,The Gambia: Uses and Abuses of State Intelligence Agencies,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/24Z48X22,2023-03-01,Maggie Dwyer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:03:37Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2406,Gabon: Intelligence Culture in an African Proto-State,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MW2P2EWS,2023-03-01,Martin R. Rupiya,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:01:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2407,Ethiopia: Intelligence in a Contradictory Context,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MQ54ZIMT,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:01:33Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2408,Eswatini: Intelligence Culture in Africa’s Absolute Monarchy,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KU64ZUGY,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:01:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2409,Eritrea: Intelligence Culture Under An Authoritarian Government,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LAHKZP5E,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T11:00:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2410,Equatorial Guinea: Intelligence Culture Amidst Autocratic Wealth,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SXP33BWR,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:59:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2411,Egypt: The Century-Long Culture of the Mukhabarat,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V3M6XMPV,2023-03-01,Hogr Tarkhani,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:58:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2412,The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Intelligence in an Unstable Country,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DWMQ2JRU,2023-03-01,Jeremy S. Szabó,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:58:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2413,Côte d’Ivoire: Intelligence Culture in a Fractured Security System,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4YQ8FLHB,2023-03-01,Jeremy S. Speight,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:57:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2414,The Comoros: Intelligence in the Shadows of the Turbulent Past,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CXULHTV7,2023-03-01,Gábor Sinkó,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:51:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2415,Chad: An Armed Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZY6HAFKF,2023-03-01,Ketil F. Hansen,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:50:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2416,Central African Republic: A Troubled Country with a Troubled Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GUHGAUGS,2023-03-01,David Vogel,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:50:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2417,Cameroon: An “All Society Affair” Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CCDVL8RY,2023-03-01,Manu Lekunze,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:49:49Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2418,Cabo Verde: The Intelligence Services and Key Challenges,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MG56DU65,2023-03-01,"Nilton F. Cardoso, Joao P. Madeira",Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:49:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2419,Burundi: Intelligence Culture in the Troubled Political Waters,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SGTNES6E,2023-03-01,Jude Kagoro,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:47:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2420,Botswana: Politicization and the Need for Intelligence Oversight,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3569QSXM,2023-03-01,Lawrence Ookeditse,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:46:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2421,Benin: The Presidentialization of National Intelligence,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YTS5UQUY,2023-03-01,Juste Codjo,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:46:11Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2422,Algeria: Bringing Revolutionary Roots into Complex Modern Times,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BTVBNHGM,2023-03-01,Réjeanne Lacroix,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:45:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2423,Angola: Intelligence Culture Supporting Hegemony,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T8DE3KQ4,2023-03-01,Nuno F. Vidal,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:44:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2424,The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159972/The-Handbook-of-African-Intelligence-Cultures,"Bringing together a group of international scholars, The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures provides the first review of intelligence cultures in every African country. It explores how intelligence cultures are influenced by a range of factors, including past and present societal, governmental and international dynamics. In doing so, the book examines the state’s role, civil society and foreign relations in shaping African countries’ intelligence norms, activities and oversight. It also explores the role intelligence services and cultures play in government and civil society.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UKKQVC75,2023-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2024-03-12T10:43:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2425,Surveillance and Falsification Implications For Open Source Intelligence Investigations,Journal article,https://cacm.acm.org/research/surveillance-and-falsification-implications-for-open-source-intelligence-investigations/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QN2VW9SG,2015-08-01,"P. Saskia Bayerl, Babak Akhgar",,Communications of the ACM,2024-03-12T10:39:39Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1145/2699410,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2236383714,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2236383714,2015.0,2024.0,2015.0,,0.0 2426,"Through a Glass, Darkly: US-Italian Intelligence Cooperation, Covert Operations and the Gladio ‘Stay-Behind’ Programme",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2024.2303859,"This article studies US-Italian ‘stay-behind’ cooperation between 1943 and 1976, when it was terminated, within the context of US covert anti-communist activities in Italy. The paper first provides an overview of the operational activities jointly conducted by the US and Italian intelligence between 1943 and 1947, while detailing the US penetrations of the Italian intelligence system and the early stages of development of a US covert network. Subsequently, it delineates the proliferation of US covert anti-communist networks in north-east Italy, the rise of S/B cooperation and its institutionalisation in the Gladio agreement, as well as the CIA pressures for ‘offsets’ in exchange for its financial support of the Italian S/B programme. In the third part, after analysing the temporary hiatus in US intelligence covert activities, the paper describes the decline and end of US-Italian S/B cooperation and the stepping up of covert operations by both the CIA and the US military intelligence. It demonstrates that Gladio did not occupy a central role in US covert operations against communism until 1976 and that CIA pressures on the Italian military intelligence represented an opportunistic attempt at maximising the ‘return’ on the financial investment in the Italian S/B programme. The article concludes by summarising the pattern of US intelligence activities in Italy in the period under scrutiny and the role of Gladio, and laying out implications for theory-development in the realm of intelligence cooperation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CH4J9PVW,2024-01-02,Niccolò Petrelli,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2024-03-12T10:27:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/09592296.2024.2303859,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392585880,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2427,"Intelligence warning in the Ukraine war, Autumn 2021 – Summer 2022",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2322214,"Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 is a unique case study of the use of warning intelligence. The article shows that whilst Russia’s invasion has sparked a wave of interest on aspects of intelligence, including the use of open source and ‘prebuttal’, the fundamentals of warning intelligence – the forewarning of major threats in a timely manner so policymakers and officials can respond – remain the same as they have always have. The article also suggests that whilst both sides of the conflict had intelligence advantages at the start, intelligence only becomes a significant force multiplier if the consumer sees value in it and uses it. For Russia, significant intelligence advantages were not fully exploited with the effect that they lost the initiative. Ukraine, whilst initially taken by surprise at the tactical and operational level, was able to use intelligence to its advantage. This, we argue, had long lasting implications for the course of the first period of the conflict.1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EJJI3C79,2024-03-10,"Kristian Gustafson, Dan Lomas, Steven Wagner",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-12T09:58:12Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'Y959U28A']",10.1080/02684527.2024.2322214,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392632183,12.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392632183,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2024.2322214?needAccess=true,0.0 2428,The Ukraine war and the shift in Russian intelligence priorities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2322807,"The war in Ukraine has transformed Russian intelligence activities. It has drawn the bulk of Russian intelligence collection resources, both inside Ukraine and further afield, to focus on war-related, often low-level operational/tactical targets. Even strategic collection is related to the war, especially directed toward bolstering Russia’s global reputation. However, the war has also led to the dismantling of a large portion of Russia’s intelligence apparatus, including both human and signals intelligence, especially in Europe, just when it is needed the most. It has prompted greater scrutiny and international counterintelligence cooperation against Russian intelligence activities than has been seen since the 1980s. Russia’s own actions have drawn those reactions. Nevertheless, Russian intelligence services are resilient and persistent. They learn from mistakes and adapt to changing circumstances.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XEDRHIKE,2024-03-10,Kevin Riehle,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-11T14:39:53Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2322807,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392631114,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392631114,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2024.2322807?download=true,0.0 2429,Stalin's Agent: The Life and Death of Alexander Orlov,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/stalins-agent-9780199656585?cc=gb&lang=en&,"This is the history of an unprecedented deception operation - the biggest KGB deception of all time. It has never been told in full until now. There are almost certainly people who would like it never to be told. It is the story of General Alexander Orlov. Stalin's most loyal and trusted henchman during the Spanish Civil War, Orlov was also the Soviet handler controlling Kim Philby, the British spy, defector, and member of the notorious 'Cambridge Five'. Escaping Stalin's purges, Orlov fled to America in the late 1930s and lived underground. He only dared reveal his identity to the world after Stalin's death, in his 1953 best-seller The Secret History of Stalin's Crimes, after which he became perhaps the best known of all Soviet defectors, much written about, highly praised, and commemorated by the US Congress on his death in 1973.But there is a twist in the Orlov story beyond the dreams of even the most ingenious spy novelist: 'General Alexander Orlov' never actually existed. The man known as 'Orlov' was in fact born Leiba Feldbin. And while he was a loyal servant of Stalin and the controller of Philby, he was never a General in the KGB, never truly defected to the West after his 'flight' from the USSR, and remained a loyal Soviet agent until his death. The 'Orlov' story as it has been accepted until now was largely the invention of the KGB - and one perpetuated long after the end of the Cold War. In this meticulous new biography, Boris Volodarsky, himself a former Soviet intelligence officer, now tells the true story behind 'Orlov' for the first time. An intriguing tale of Russian espionage and deception, stretching from the time of Lenin to the Putin era, it is a story that many people in the world's intelligence agencies would almost definitely prefer you not to know about. , This is the history of an unprecedented deception operation - the biggest KGB deception of all time. It has never been told in full until now. There are almost certainly people who would like it never to be told. It is the story of General Alexander Orlov. Stalin's most loyal and trusted henchman during the Spanish Civil War, Orlov was also the Soviet handler controlling Kim Philby, the British spy, defector, and member of the notorious 'Cambridge Five'. Escaping Stalin's purges, Orlov fled to America in the late 1930s and lived underground. He only dared reveal his identity to the world after Stalin's death, in his 1953 best-seller The Secret History of Stalin's Crimes, after which he became perhaps the best known of all Soviet defectors, much written about, highly praised, and commemorated by the US Congress on his death in 1973.But there is a twist in the Orlov story beyond the dreams of even the most ingenious spy novelist: 'General Alexander Orlov' never actually existed. The man known as 'Orlov' was in fact born Leiba Feldbin. And while he was a loyal servant of Stalin and the controller of Philby, he was never a General in the KGB, never truly defected to the West after his 'flight' from the USSR, and remained a loyal Soviet agent until his death. The 'Orlov' story as it has been accepted until now was largely the invention of the KGB - and one perpetuated long after the end of the Cold War. In this meticulous new biography, Boris Volodarsky, himself a former Soviet intelligence officer, now tells the true story behind 'Orlov' for the first time. An intriguing tale of Russian espionage and deception, stretching from the time of Lenin to the Putin era, it is a story that many people in the world's intelligence agencies would almost definitely prefer you not to know about.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2Y5ZLJIB,2014-12-11,Boris Volodarsky,Oxford University Press,,2024-03-11T12:54:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2430,The IC OSINT Strategy 2024-2026,Report,https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/reports-publications/reports-publications-2024/3785-the-ic-osint-strategy-2024-2026,"The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) released the Intelligence Community (IC) Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Strategy for 2024-2026. OSINT, or intelligence derived exclusively from publicly or commercially available information that addresses specific intelligence priorities, requirements, or gaps, is vital to the IC’s mission, providing unique intelligence value and enabling all other intelligence collection disciplines. Given the expansive and evolving open source environment, the IC has been working to modernize its approach to collecting, creating, and delivering OSINT, and the IC OSINT Strategy outlines the way forward.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZIV2QEK8,2024-03-09,Office of the Director of National Intelligence,,,2024-03-09T11:53:59Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2431,Understanding Putin’s Russia: a continuing challenge for Western intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2322806,"For Western intelligence communities, charged with providing advance notice of adverse developments around the world, Russia under Putin has had to become top priority for study, as was the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Using secret intelligence to help assess the motives and intent of the Kremlin leadership is essential but remains as hard, not least because of the extreme violence of the regime towards anyone suspected of betraying confidences to assist the West. Putin has provided his own explanation for his invasion of Ukraine in 2022 that illuminates his world view and belief in Russia as a Slavic nation, of which Ukraine is seen as part. Putin’s background in the KGB is regime is seen as providing continuity with the brutal repressions of the Stalin era. The different methods used by Western intelligence to assess Russia are reviewed highlighting the additional digital sources available today. The warning failures of Western intelligence to provide strategic notice of Putin’s aggressive actions are explained by inadequate situational awareness, erroneous explanation of his motives, leading to poor estimation of his subsequent moves, the exception being US and UK prediction of the 2022 invasion itself.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X8JD6AYL,2024-03-06,David Omand,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-09T11:27:59Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2322806,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392575555,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392575555,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,,1.0 2432,"Spreading the “smog of war”: the impact of propaganda, social media, and OSINT on U.S. civil-intelligence relations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2322803,"Propaganda, more politely called ‘information operations’ these days, has been a prominent feature of the Russo-Ukrainian War. Both the Russians and Ukrainians have used propaganda to court global public opinion, shape military operations, and secure or destabilize alliances. However, although they have each tried to control the war’s narrative through propaganda, they cannot control social media – the enormous, entangled web of technology, actors, and interests that allows billions of users to interact, argue, and influence. This article will explain how the combination of propaganda and social media in the Russo-Ukrainian War has destabilized American civil-intelligence relations and raised political, social, and ethical questions concerning the role of citizens, both individually and collectively, in foreign wars.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XCRWWEPA,2024-03-06,"David P. Oakley, Jeff Rogg",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-09T11:27:35Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2322803,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392558674,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392558674,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,,1.0 2433,The Soviet Secret Police,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781032676319/soviet-secret-police-simon-wolin-robert-slusser?refId=072686c5-d90b-44bf-88da-4ad335d7881a&context=ubx,"The Soviet Secret Police (1957) depicts the main aspects of the development, structure and functions of the secret police of the Soviet Union. Much of the information contained within comes from the personal testimony of Soviet citizens who had experienced various activities of the secret police, and forms a full and objective study of the secret police and its role in the Soviet system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NUN3CU33,2024-04-12,"Simon Wolin, Robert M. Slusser",Routledge,,2024-03-09T10:40:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.4324/9781032676319,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2115279178,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2115279178,2012.0,2012.0,2024.0,,-12.0 2434,Postwar Activities of the Soviet Organs of State Security in Western Europe,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-12/postwar-activities-soviet-organs-state-security-western-europe-artemiev-burlutsky?context=ubx&refId=eac1101d-fde3-497c-915a-0fda42654c4a,"The activities of Soviet state security organs abroad can be divided into two basic types which aim at essentially the same goal: espionage and subversion. Whereas espionage consists in obtaining secret military, political, economic and operational information, subversion is a complex of all other measures for weakening the foundations of foreign states and inflicting damage upon them. Soviet espionage and subversion in foreign states have the same purpose: to weaken actual or probable future enemies. In addition, Soviet subversive activity is used to neutralize anti-Communist and anti-Soviet actions in foreign countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/46DVEBH5,1957,"V. P. Artemiev, G. S. Burlutsky",Routledge,,2024-03-09T11:22:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2435,Internal Activities of the Soviet Organs of State Security After World War II,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-11/internal-activities-soviet-organs-state-security-world-war-ii-artemiev-burlutsky?context=ubx&refId=b3a186fe-15da-4936-b1fe-9521f7fd8587,"As soon as the state security organs had recovered from the shock dealt to the whole Soviet state system by the impact of the German invasion, in anticipation of Germany’s inevitable defeat they began to extend their activities into the Soviet territories under German occupation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B6J5CJY6,1957,"V. P. Artemiev, G. S. Burlutsky",Routledge,,2024-03-09T11:21:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2436,"Personnel, Conditions of Service and Training in the Border Troops",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-10/personnel-conditions-service-training-border-troops-artemiev-burlutsky?context=ubx&refId=519c6c7d-0ee6-48e7-ac05-5b187394b682,"Soviet border troops are drawn from the most advanced and reliable young Soviet men of draft age. They are recruited mainly from Soviet citizens of Russian nationality according to the principle of extraterritoriality:—a border guard soldier must not serve in his district of origin, regardless of where he would like to serve—he is not asked about the matter. He may be sent to any frontier in the Soviet Union, as a rule to as distant a frontier as possible; for example, if he comes from Vladivostok, he may be sent to the western frontier, to the Kaliningrad oblast (East Prussia) or Lithuania; if he comes from Kaliningrad oblast, he might be sent to Kamchatka, the Kuriles or Central Asia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PNI2QB3W,1957,"V. P. Artemiev, G. S. Burlutsky",Routledge,,2024-03-09T10:52:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2437,The Protection of the Frontiers of the U.S.S.R.,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-9/protection-frontiers-artemiev?context=ubx&refId=e81f1913-3bf2-402f-91f0-1c3564d491a4,"The frontiers of the U.S.S.R. extend for a total length of about 65,000 km. (approximately 37,000 miles); of this the major portion is coastline. The frontiers are guarded by border troops of the MVD which are regular forces made up of specially chosen, checked and reliable officers, non-coms and enlisted men. The entire Soviet frontier is divided into Border Districts (Pogranichnye okruga) in which are stationed border troops directly engaged in the protection of the frontiers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3YREYK99,1957,V. P. Artemiev,Routledge,,2024-03-09T10:51:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2438,The Armed Forces of the Soviet Organs of State Security,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-8/armed-forces-soviet-organs-state-security-artemiev?context=ubx&refId=e25050a1-128d-421c-a59c-db566d4c3055,"The armed forces of the Soviet Union are not limited to the regular army. For safeguarding the existing Soviet system, preserving internal order, guarding the borders, protecting various important installations, maintaining the great mass of prisoners in isolation, and carrying out special mass punitive measures there exists another entire army, consisting of the so-called troops of the MVD, the militia of the MVD, and various militarized armed organizations. Even in peacetime these military and militarized formations comprise millions of men; in time of war their number is greatly increased.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B97ZM2UB,1957,V. P. Artemiev,Routledge,,2024-03-09T10:50:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2439,Investigative Methods of the Secret Police,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-7/investigative-methods-secret-police-grigoriev?context=ubx&refId=1b867b74-4c00-4495-ab86-cafd6812696c,"In states functioning under normal legal standards the process of criminal investigation usually comprises two phases: a preliminary investigation, usually carried out by police agencies, and a trial, conducted by a court of justice with the participation of the defense and the prosecution. Such a system gives the accused an opportunity to refute the charges against him, while the participation of an attorney assures him of the possibility of defense based on the prevailing laws. Furthermore, the examination of a case at a public court session makes it possible for public opinion to come to the support of justice in the event of any abuses during the investigation. In most countries the attorney of the accused person has the right, during the preliminary investigation, to demand to see the material that has served as the basis for arrest and thus to judge of the legality of the arrest.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GNHKGUNT,1957,A. Grigoriev,Routledge,,2024-03-09T10:48:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2440,Structure and Condition of the Soviet Organs of State Security After World War II,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-6/structure-condition-soviet-organs-state-security-world-war-ii-artemiev-burlutsky?context=ubx&refId=95490a81-2997-42c5-ac36-42c82869cd6d,"At present the Soviet organs of state security are organizationally divided between two governmental bodies, the Committee for State Security (KGB), headed by I. A. Serov, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), under N.P. Dudorov.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WCEQPRIB,1957,"V. P. Artemiev, G. S. Burlutsky",Routledge,,2024-03-09T10:46:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2441,Structure and Functions of the Soviet Secret Police,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-5/structure-functions-soviet-secret-police-andreevich?context=ubx&refId=1345526d-f605-4420-92cc-b83fb2979a01,"In the rational and inhuman system of government developed by the Soviet Communists the population is, in essence, regarded as a powerful production machine to be used for building up the ever-growing military-economic potential of the Communist empire. This potential is needed for pressure on the non-Communist world, with the ultimate goal of world-wide expansion. To control this huge production machine the Soviet rulers have developed and operate a system of management which passes the dictates of the Kremlin down to the working people. This management is, in fact, a tool to carry out the plans of the dictatorship.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DUX2DHY9,1957,E. A. Andreevich,Routledge,,2024-03-09T10:45:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2442,Feliks Dzerzhinski: Creator of the Cheka and Founder of “Chekism”: (A Contribution to the History of Soviet Terrorism),Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-4/feliks-dzerzhinski-creator-cheka-founder-chekism-konstantin-shteppa-godin?context=ubx&refId=11291bb3-8841-40fb-a7e5-7393c139968b,"The main feature of the Soviet system is the all-pervading control exercised by the state, ranging from economic activities to cultural creative work. The masses are governed by two means—indoctrination and intimidation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GAHIGVJT,1957,"Konstantin Shteppa, W. Godin",Routledge,,2024-03-09T10:43:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2443,The Evolution of the Soviet Secret Police,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781032676319-2/evolution-soviet-secret-police-simon-wolin-robert-slusser?context=ubx&refId=534df94d-2fbf-4bc9-9581-e3c393a3cbd7,"The Soviet regime and its secret police came into existence almost simultaneously. The Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage (usually known from its Russian initials as the Cheka) was established by a decision of the Council of People’s Commissars on December 20, 1917, New Style, six weeks after the October Revolution. 1 To head the Commission the Council named Feliks Dzerzhinski, a veteran Bolshevik who had taken an active part in the uprising as a member of the Military Revolutionary Committee. Even before the establishment of the Cheka, Dzerzhinski had been named head of a section of the Military Revolutionary Committee to deal with cases of counterrevolution. 2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DPUEDKZK,1957,"Simon Wolin, Robert M. Slusser",Routledge,,2024-03-09T10:41:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI']",,The Soviet Secret Police,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2444,"Stolen Transformation, Conspiracy Theories and Female Detectives in Contemporary East-Central European Films and Series",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/2040350X.2024.2314886,"The essay discusses the surging popularity of crime fiction as a reflection of the evolving social climate and the erosion of illusions regarding the post-socialist transformation in the 2010s Central Europe. It focuses on Entanglement (2011), a Polish paranoia thriller, X – The eXploited (2018), a Hungarian political thriller and Sleepers (2019), a Czech HBO production spy thriller series to examine how they portray symptoms of social and political crisis, perceived manipulation of the transition, and the struggle for female individual agency. These films offer a unique portrayal of the notion of a ‘stolen’ regime change, framed within conspiracy narratives suggesting the involvement of former state security personnel who managed to maintain their influence during the transition. Additionally, each narrative features a female protagonist who embarks on an investigation, uncovering a political conspiracy intertwined with her personal history. The fusion of conspiracy thriller elements with the emotional detective archetype represents a pivotal characteristic of these films, underscored by their transnational ambiguity. With the coupling of conspiracy narrative and female emotional detectives, paranoia and individual suffering, these films highlight the prevailing disillusionment and the sense of inaction that characterizes the contemporary social climate in the region.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CNVYN8YT,2024-03-04,Balázs Varga,Routledge,Studies in Eastern European Cinema,2024-03-09T10:38:55Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/2040350X.2024.2314886,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392469516,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392469516,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,,1.0 2445,Legal Loophole Related to Ensuring Civil Rights in the Use of Drones With Spying Purposes in Indonesia,Journal article,https://dinamikahukum.fh.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/JDH/article/view/3947,"Education, economy, and technology are three fields that cannot be separated from the constantly evolving changes. The use of drones as one of the tangible forms of rapid technological development in Indonesia has great potential to cause losses and adverse impacts on national sovereignty. Through this research, the authors will focus on dissecting the legal loophole related to the regulation of drone use that has yet to be comprehensive and has yet to be received attention from the Indonesian people. The guarantee of rights for civil society is an important issue that has yet to be eradicated, especially in terms of the use of drones for spying purposes in Indonesia. This research is a normative juridical research, processing techniques of statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results of this study state that Indonesia has yet to formulate comprehensive drone regulations, so it is urgent to make detailed rules regarding the classification of drones for recreation and non-recreation/business in order to protect the rights of the affected communities. The research is also compared to a real case in Florida to emphasize the fact that Indonesia is very far away in terms of regulations to protect the rights of its people in terms of the use of drones for spying purposes. This research’s final result and objective focuses on answering the legal vacuum related to guaranteeing civil society’s rights to use drones for spying purposes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W9HTUQ8F,2024-03-05,"Hery Firmansyah, Erwin Natosmal Oemar, Nessya Monica Larasati Putri, Harshita Harshita",,Jurnal Dinamika Hukum,2024-03-09T10:28:24Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.20884/1.jdh.2024.24.1.3947,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4399136164,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4399136164,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,https://dinamikahukum.fh.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/JDH/article/download/3947/pdf,0.0 2446,The Useful Cinema of State Secrecy. On Some Socialist Romanian Spy Films,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/2040350X.2024.2324642,"A decree passed by the socialist Romanian state at the beginning of the 1970s stipulated the need to defend state secrets as a condition for the country’s economic and social progress in the context of its growing participation in world commerce. While the law operated with a wide notion of state secrecy, referring to any piece of information which, if disclosed, could jeopardize the Romanian state’s interests, it included harsh regulations with regard to personal contacts with foreign citizens and served primarily for establishing a heightened operative control over the local economic life. Following the Romanian State Security Council’s encouragement of campaigns for popular education, which should help prevent any trespassing of this decree, the early 1970s saw the commissioning of several instruction films made by the newly founded Film Service of the Ministry of the Interior as a form of ‘counterintelligence training of the working class’. The present paper contextualizes and closely analyzes some of these films staging fictional cases of industrial espionage and their subsequent investigation by State Security as a form of useful cinema, arguing that, aside from their main educational mission of raising awareness about the legal responsibilities ensuing from the decrees concerning state secrecy, these films also acted as an instrument of national, geopolitical and institutional self-representation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2CE4CRN8,2024-03-04,Christian Ferencz-Flatz,Routledge,Studies in Eastern European Cinema,2024-03-09T10:21:46Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/2040350X.2024.2324642,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392464143,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392464143,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,,1.0 2447,"Spitfire, Mustang and the 'Meredith Effect': How a Soviet Spy Helped Change the Course of WWII",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Spitfire-Mustang-and-the-Meredith-Effect-Hardback/p/24371,"By the mid-1930s the obstacles to high speed that aircraft designers faced included the question of cooling the engine. This was a big challenge that those working on the new fast aeroplanes entering service as the war clouds gathered over Europe had to consider, as the drag from the system increased as a square of the speed. Ducted systems were designed which lowered drag, but these were based on the assumption that the system was cold. This ignored the potential energy from the air, heated by the radiator, for liquid-cooled aircraft, and from the discharged engine exhaust gases. It took a profoundly lateral thinker to harness the possibilities of the paradox that heat could cut the cost of cooling. That thinker was the British engineer Frederick William Meredith. A researcher at the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough until 1938, F.W. Meredith a key player in the UK’s development of the autopilot and remote-controlled aircraft. His contribution to Allied success in the Second World War was enormous – but, incredibly, he was also a known a Soviet agent. Few would doubt that the Supermarine Spitfire was a pioneering aeroplane – not because it was an all metal, monoplane with retractable undercarriage and enclosed cockpit as these were not unique – but because it was the first to incorporate a Meredith designed ducted cooling system. This was intended from the beginning to use heat to create ‘negative drag’. In practice the Spitfire’s design was flawed, as Meredith himself pointed out, and did not fully use what became known as the ‘Meredith Effect’. Meredith also made entirely overlooked but extremely important contributions to resolving the problem of how to induce air smoothly into cooling ducts at high speeds without which, as the Spitfire demonstrated, ducted cooling systems worked sub-optimally. The first aeroplane properly to exploit the ‘Meredith Effect’ was the North American P-51 Mustang, this being a very significant factor as to why it was 30mph faster than the Spitfire when both had the same Rolls-Royce Merlin engine. This book by Peters Spring examines the life of the remarkable, and controversial, F.W. Meredith, an individual who has largely been forgotten by history despite the brilliant advances he made – advances which helped the Allies win the war against Hitler’s Third Reich.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/33ZKDNKT,2024-02-27,Peter Spring,Pen and Sword,,2024-03-09T10:19:26Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2448,Scappaticci: Report says Army's top IRA spy cost more lives than he saved,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-68510390,The Kenova report finds security services did not stop some crimes in order to protect their agents.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CPF95YY7,2024-03-08,"Luke Sproule, Julian O'Neill",,BBC News,2024-03-09T07:38:13Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2449,“One of CIA’s Most Decorated Field Officers” – A Conversation with Marc Polymeropoulos,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/503/notes,"What do you get if you cross a Greek Orthodox guy from Athens and a Jewish girl from Long Island; and then mix in two Ivy League degrees and a 26-year career in the Central Intelligence Agency? If you haven’t worked out that this refers to Marc, given that he is mentioned in the episode title, you can probably forget ever having a career in intelligence. Mark is brimming with vitality, chock full of stories, and can talk baseball and wings as well as the finer points of Algerian politics or US grand strategy in the Middle East. If you ever pull up a bar stool next to Mark: you’ve hit a home run! Mark’s new book, Clarity in Crisis: Leadership Lessons From the CIA, distills the insights he derived from his career and is available in the International Spy Museum’s bookshop.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y2RD4CXJ,2021-09-21,Marc Polymeropoulos,,,2024-03-07T15:45:32Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2450,"“Leningrad, Molehunts, and Life After the CIA” - A Conversation with Christopher Burgess",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/504/notes,"He is the Horatio Alger of the CIA. His first job was punching paper. He went on to be a Station Chief. He worked for every directorate. He lived in several continents. He was in the Soviet Union for six years. He was caught up in the molehunt for Robert Hanssen. He survived to tell his tale. Christopher is genial, hearty and now lives in the other Washington (the rainy state on the West Coast, not the rainy town in Northern England) in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains, where he writes for our friends at Clearance Jobs. He tweets @burgessct",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EQC232T5,2021-09-28,Christopher Burgess,,,2024-03-07T14:58:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2451,"Cyberattacks, Espionage & Ransomware – “Inside Microsoft’s Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)”",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/505/notes,"From your Visa card to your Outlook account, and from the gas you pump into your Ford to your Windows operating system, a cyber struggle is taking place all around us. In this episode Andrew spoke to founder of Microsoft’s threat hunting intelligence center John Lambert, which tracks the world’s most dangerous cybercriminals and state-affiliated hackers, and the head of the Digital Security Unit Cristin Goodwin, who helps provide security support to governments and works closely with John’s team. Microsoft has billions of customers, serves millions of businesses, and works with almost every government department: to say it might have something to do with information and intelligence would be like saying perhaps it would have been a good idea to have bought buy some shares when it first went public in 1986 (June 2021 it was valued at 2 trillion dollars!).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VE7LX9CU,2021-10-05,John Lambert,,,2024-03-06T22:47:46Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2452,*15th ANNIVERSARY/500th EPISODE SPECIAL* - “The CIA and the 9/11 Commission Report” – A Conversation with Alexis Albion,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/506/notes,"This is a big one, a very big one: our 500th episode & 15th anniversary We have come a long way since we began back in 2006 – it’s quite fitting then, that in this week’s episode I speak to our very first historian and curator, Alexis Albion, who is currently the Curator for Special Projects here at the Spy Museum Alexis actually left us way back when to be on the 9/11 Commission Report, where she was the central researcher on the CIA and US counterterrorism policy before 9/11. Hang on, did you just say what I think you said, she was the central researcher on the CIA…? Yup. I know, what the hell, right, we’ve been sitting on this story all this time! Episode 500 is a good time to thank two of the behind-the-scenes unsung technical heroes – Mike and Memphis who have been involved with more SpyCast’s than anyone else. They are awesome. They are great guys, and they rock. Other people who have been involved in the content side of SpyCast have included Peter Earnest and Chris Costa, our former and current Exec Director, as well as my other predecessors in the Historian & Curator role: Thomas Bogart, Mark Stout and Vince Houghton. The show would of course be nothing without our guests, who have contributed their time, expertise and experience to help educate, inform and occasionally entertain the public on the vitally important matters of intelligence and espionage. Sometimes this past year I have felt like Churchill, in that he got the job he had always coveted: but under the least auspicious circumstances. It has been emotional people, but, we are getting there. Here’s to the next 500. Sláinthe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NM9S2ET3,2021-10-12,Alexis Albion,,,2024-03-06T22:47:08Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2453,“First Casualty” – Inside the CIA Mission to Avenge 9/11,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/507/notes,"On October 17, 2001, Team Alpha were dropped into the mountains of northern Afghanistan. Two of the eight appear in this week’s episode alongside the author of a new book telling the story of the first Americans behind enemy lines after 9/11 – and what a story it is. Justin Sapp was a Green Beret detailed to CIA, he would go on to be a commander in the Asymmetric Warfare Group, and is currently Senior Military Advisor to the U.S. Mission to the United Nations. David Tyson was a polyglot former Central Asian academic who fought jihadists at close-hand to help his comrade, ex-Marine Mike Spann, the first American casualty in a war that would go on to become the longest in American history. In an extended podcast that is both conversation and historical document: this is their story. Award-winning journalist and author Toby Harnden helps contextualize the story of Team Alpha. You can learn more about the book here.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LQC6IHW6,2021-10-19,"Justin Sapp, David Tyson",,,2024-03-06T22:45:26Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2454,Canada Needs Real Foreign Intelligence,Magazine article,https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/06/canada-foreign-intelligence-espionage-two-michaels/,A muddled approach to espionage has been a disaster.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XKD8T56K,2024-03-06,"David V. Gioe, Alan R. Jones, Thomas J. Maguire, Daniel Stanton, Alan Treddenick",,Foreign Policy,2024-03-06T21:33:08Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2455,“Soviet Defectors: Revelations of Renegade Intelligence Officers” - with World Leading Expert Kevin Riehle,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/511/notes,"He has worked as a counterintelligence analyst at the FBI and the DIA. He speaks Russian. He was personally supervised by Robert Hanssen. He has an obsession with Soviet Defectors… “Freedom has many difficulties,” said JFK in his Berlin Speech, “and democracy is not perfect, but we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in.” What was it like to leave that type of system, though, to come from behind the Iron Curtain and cross the East-West physical and ideological divide? Kevin Riehle has spent many years studying Soviet defectors and their motivations, and he is the author of Soviet Defectors: Revelations of Renegade Intelligence Officers, 1924-1954.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MAFCKBGY,2021-11-09,Kevin P. Riehle,,,2024-03-06T21:51:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2456,“The Recruiter: Part 1 of 2” – Modern SpyCraft with Doug London,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/513/notes,"This week’s guest believes that espionage is about the “human soul…[it’s] a very intimate profession…the relationship between a case officer and an agent and the need to really have…a profound insight window into their life and their souls.” Doug London may be accused of many things, but you can’t say he’s shallow. His book, The Recruiter, is based on a 34 year career and can be purchased from our online independent bookstore. Next week we’ll hear more about Doug’s career, his views on CIA at the cross-roads, the centrality of human intelligence to the intelligence business, despite profound technological change, as well what he calls the Lost Art of American Intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K67UQR2U,2021-11-16,Douglas London,,,2024-03-06T21:50:36Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2457,“The Recruiter: Part 2 of 2” – Modern Spycraft with Doug London (Part 2),Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/514/notes,"Doug London is thoughtful and reflective – but he doesn’t pull his punches and he candidly shares his analysis of the contemporary intelligence landscape. In this second part, Doug reflects on the path taken after 9/11, the CIA at the crossroads, and why human intelligence (HUMINT) will remain central to the vast and increasingly technologically sophisticated world of intelligence. Also, hear about a superstar counterintelligence operative Doug is currently running – although there is also a rumor, she might be playing the game for herself – listen to find out more…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SA2E4HW6,2021-11-23,Douglas London,,,2024-03-06T21:50:00Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2458,“Special Operations & Intelligence” – A Conversation with the President of SOF’s “Think-Do Tank”,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/517/notes,"Post 9/11, special operations and intelligence worked together side-by-side, shoulder-to-shoulder and hand-in-glove (or any other heavily-hyphenated term you care to mention that connotates BFFness). What will happen with the relationship now, though, and in American history how have these two important components of national security related to each other? Enter the Joint Special Operations University (JSOU), located in Tampa, Florida, and more particularly their President Isaiah “Ike” Wilson, who sits down with Andrew for this week’s episode of #SpyCast. “I think, therefore I am” Nope. “I think, therefore I do”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GKLRACKW,2021-12-14,Isaiah Wilson,,,2024-03-06T21:48:14Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2459,"“Snake-Eaters, Detachment A, CIA” – A Conversation with James Stejskal",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/520/notes,"Spook. Warrior. Author. This week’s guest is one helluva interesting guy. He was in a clandestine Special Forces unit in Berlin during the Cold War, “stay behinds” who would sabotage, subvert and generally wreak havoc should World War III break out. He was badly wounded after driving over a land-mine in Somalia in 1992, almost losing his entire leg and suffering a serious head injury. In a subsequent life, James was a CIA officer in Africa when the US embassies were blown up in Kenya and Tanzania and saw the Agency pivot in the aftermath of 9/11. Oh, did I mention, he also dabbles in combat archaeology. “Hours and hours of boredom punctuated by moments of sheer terror.” If this sounds like your last trip down the I-95, listening to your blowhard uncle at Thanksgiving, or what it’s like to watch Jets vs. Giants, it’s purely coincidence – for it’s how this week’s guest characterized Army life.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MXB57WW2,2022-01-04,James Stejskal,,,2024-03-06T19:02:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2460,“How Spies Think” – 10 Lessons in Intelligence with Sir David Omand [FROM THE ARCHIVE],Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/522/note,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JAPP3RFV,2022-01-18,David Omand,,,2024-03-06T18:58:32Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2461,Europe kicked out Vladimir Putin’s spies. Now they’re back,Newspaper article,https://www.ft.com/content/f066d653-70e2-42e9-baac-c342417c8ef3,"Game of ‘cat and mouse’ returns to cold war levels, say intelligence officers",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AW59JXZE,2024-03-06T05:00:44.131Z,"Courtney Weaver, John Paul Rathbone, Sam Jones",,Financial Times,2024-03-06T11:48:31Z,"['VHKQZA5S', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2462,Why France is a target for Russian spies,Magazine article,https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/why-france-is-a-target-for-russian-spies/,"France has always been a traditional hunting ground for Russia's foreign spies, not least during the Cold War",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PSQ3ZMWN,2024-03-04T10:55:59+00:00,John Keiger,,The Spectator,2024-03-05T11:20:54Z,"['WHBCJ8GW', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2463,Insider threat mitigation through human intelligence and counterintelligence: A case study in the shipping industry,Journal article,https://journals.ardascience.com/index.php/dss/article/view/261,"This paper comprehensively examines the multifaceted motivations behind insider threats within organizations, elucidating driving forces such as financial gain, revenge, personal aspirations, ideological beliefs, coercion, and negligence. Understanding this spectrum is fundamental for crafting effective Counterintelligence strategies. The study delves into behavioral indicators crucial for identifying potential threats, emphasizing the significance of recognizing warning signs like unusual data access, unsanctioned software usage, escalated privilege requests, poor performance, disagreement with policies, and more. Furthermore, the role of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) in Counterintelligence (CI) and insider threat detection is explored, highlighting its qualitative contribution to understanding human behavior. Plus, through a hypothetical case study in the Shipping industry, the paper illustrates the direct application of HUMINT principles in fortifying security against insider threats, considering the unique challenges of this dynamic sector. The case study strategically employs employee interviews, psychological assessments, social network analysis, and trust-building initiatives to proactively identify and mitigate potential threats, in an industry reliant on seamless global supply chain operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GHP2ZT4Z,2024-03-02,Anastasios-Nikolaos Kanellopoulos,,Defense and Security Studies,2024-03-05T07:55:43Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.37868/dss.v5.id261,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392346540,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392346540,2024.0,2025.0,2024.0,http://journals.ardascience.com/index.php/dss/article/download/261/140,0.0 2464,Hunting the watchmen the Ulster Defence Regiment and IRA strategy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2024.2319671,"The Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) were unique within the context of the Troubles-79% of their nearly 200 UDR casualties came while off-duty. This article frames these attacks, assesses their impact and concludes whether certain individuals (such as Catholics) were specifically targeted. I demonstrate that such tactics were ruthless pragmatism and were influenced by regionality. The IRA focused on eliminating security forces, although some pursued personal vendettas. I forward that overall, the IRA consistently demonstrated a concept of target legitimacy – ‘legitimacy frameworks’. I conclude that these practices are not only common, but should be anticipated in counterinsurgencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EBH2AH6X,2024-03-01,Daniel Chesse,Routledge,Small Wars & Insurgencies,2024-03-05T07:51:05Z,['V7KUA58M'],10.1080/09592318.2024.2319671,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392366500,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/167028/1/Hunting%20the%20Watchmen%20Final.pdf, 2465,The “Poodle Theory” and the Anglo-American “Special Relationship”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002088170404200202,"A familiar aspect of the criterion against Britain and Prime Minister Tony Blair's staunch support for America in the recent war against Iraq most relates to the “theory” that Blair is but a mere “poodle” of George Bush; a subservient lieutenant at the beck and call of his master in Washington. A related but more perceptive criticism, shared by many scholars and analysts is the charge that Blair's subservience to Washington is a potent indication that Britain has lost its freedom of manoeuvre in foreign policy. That Britain's close diplomatic, intelligence and defence cooperation with, and dependence on, America have deprived it of the ability to oppose America. The myth of the “special relationship” has condemned Britain to the rank of a mere vassal in the American empire. However, critics may have overstated their case because Blair's choices were influenced substantially by his own strongly held political principles and convictions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F4GRVRB8,2005-04-01,Samuel Azubuike,SAGE Publications India,International Studies,2024-03-05T07:50:12Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1177/002088170404200202,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067161099,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067161099,2013.0,2025.0,2005.0,,8.0 2466,The Press and the Intelligence Community: The Construction of OTRAG and Cóndor as Global Threats,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/00208817241228384,"This article studies the way the US government through the Central Intelligence Agency, the Washington Post and the New York Times approached in tandem the development of rockets in Argentina and in two African countries (Zaire and Libya) during the last stretch of the Cold War. A qualitative analysis is carried out from primary government and journalistic sources, looking at how the media acted alongside the government and the intelligence community, providing the same information and a very similar interpretation of the facts, building common sense and a geopolitical imaginary. This is a geopolitical analysis of the construction of imagery of the dangerous identity of the OTRAG and the Cóndor II in the 1970s and 1980s. The conclusions show that both cases were construed as a geopolitical identity on non-core countries that ended in pressures, the projects be terminated, managing to build a sense by which the economic and political interests of the United States were projected hegemonically as universal interests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4C2F7IIV,2024-02-29,Daniel Blinder,SAGE Publications India,International Studies,2024-03-05T07:49:36Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],10.1177/00208817241228384,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392293422,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392293422,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.aacademica.org/daniel.blinder/14.pdf,1.0 2467,The Spyglass And The Mirror: The Intelligence State In Conflict And Crisis During The War Of The Spanish Succession,Thesis,https://dx.doi.org/10.21220/s2-41gc-d395,"My dissertation, “The Spyglass and the Mirror: The Intelligence State in Conflict and Crisis During the War of the Spanish Succession,” explains the role of practices of intelligence in creating modern governance at a moment of considerable crisis and change in the early eighteenth century. Combining insights from recent approaches to early modern history, political practice and Atlantic history rooted in information practices, my research demonstrates that the actions and structures of governments during the early modern period cannot be understood without an intense focus on the creation and utilization of intelligence. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, several of Europe’s major powers became embroiled in a conflict surrounding the royal successions of Spain and England. This conflict spanned more than a decade and stretched from the Philippines to the Balkans all of which necessitated considerable expenditure of informational resources. Ultimately, I demonstrate that practices of intelligence structured policies, actions, and perspectives of government through multilateral process of observation, introspection, and reflection. In turn, these practices thereby delineated the structure of the state itself.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LEJZC7RT,2023-01-01,Brandon Munda,,,2024-03-05T07:47:29Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,PhD Thesis,William & Mary University,,,,,,,,, 2468,"The origins and early history of Canada’s Cold War scientific intelligence, 1946-65",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020221115442,"In the process of creating the policies and structures that led to the formal organization of Canada’s Defence Research Board after the end of the Second World War, senior military and defence officials in Ottawa conceptualized and established a scientific intelligence bureau within the defence department. Recognizing the heightened military significance of science during the war, defence officials believed that scientific intelligence—the practice of analyzing scientific information for forecasting the weapons and warfare potential of enemy countries—could support and improve Canada’s military preparedness efforts in the immediate postwar period. Using recently opened government and military records, this article explores the origins and history of Canadian scientific intelligence during the early Cold War, framing the topic as useful for understanding Canada’s military past and Ottawa’s approach to some of the country’s top security and defence issues of the late 1940s through the mid-1960s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZNTGGEX3,2022-03-01,Matthew S. Wiseman,SAGE Publications Ltd,International Journal,2024-03-05T07:42:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1177/00207020221115442,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285796404,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285796404,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00207020221115442,2.0 2469,Offensive Cyber Operations and State Power: Lessons from Russia in Ukraine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020241234228,"Offensive cyber operations are an increasingly important tool of authoritarian statecraft, used in the pursuit of foreign policy objectives and functioning as an expression of state power. Our article informs Canadian cybersecurity policy by pulling lessons from Russia's use of cyber aggression against Ukraine between 2014 and 2022. Our analysis explores the nexus between Russian cyber operations and foreign and domestic policy, the relationship between private and public cybersecurity organizations, and the purported intent and effectiveness of Russian cyber operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E664J9RZ,2024-02-22,"Alex S. Wilner, Gabriel Williams, Mattias Thuns-Rondeau, Nathanaël Beaulieu, Veronique Cossette-Sharkey",SAGE Publications Ltd,International Journal,2024-03-05T07:41:13Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1177/00207020241234228,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392774454,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392774454,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00207020241234228,1.0 2470,zotero-intelligence-bibliography,Computer program,https://github.com/yusufaliozkan/zotero-intelligence-bibliography,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K4V2UB4Z,2020-06-01,Yusuf Ozkan,,,2024-03-02T20:05:35Z,['CN9F5URY'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2471,Valuing Diversity in the U.S. Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2300274,"The U.S. Intelligence Community has sought to diversify its workforce for decades. Both proponents and opponents of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives have advanced a functionalist, “business case” approach to the assessment of DEI initiatives that undermines DEI’s moral and ethical dimensions as well as its benefits under the right conditions. This article moves beyond the business case to present resources for intelligence stakeholders in cultivating strategic, systemic, and sustainable approaches to diversity management.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5R4WCTUL,2024-03-04,"Mia Fischer, Hamilton Bean, Agnes E. Venema",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-03-04T18:48:12Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2300274,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392382132,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2472,“NATO’s Assistant Secretary General for Intelligence & Security” – with David Cattler,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/524/notes,David Cattler joins Andrew Hammond to discuss how intelligence functions at NATO. He is the NATO Assistant Secretary General for Intelligence and Security.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R2UY9SG3,2022-01-02,David Cattler,,,2024-03-03T23:16:06Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2473,“Keeping Secrets/Disclosing Secrets” – with Spy Chief turned DG of Australia’s National Archives David Fricker,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/526/notes,David Fricker had the No.2 job at Australia’s security and intelligence agency ASIO. He sat down with Andrew Hammond to discuss the relationship between this role and his most recent one as Director-General of the National Archives of Australia.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TEWZZENY,2022-02-15,David Fricker,,,2024-03-03T23:14:42Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2474,“The National Intelligence University” – with its President Scott Cameron,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/527/notes,J. Scott Cameron joins Andrew to discuss the National Intelligence University (NIU). He is the President of this unique “skiffed” institution.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C5C4BGEF,2022-02-22,Scott Cameron,,,2024-03-03T23:14:03Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2475,"""From the CIA to Strategic Cyber"" - with Hans Holmer",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/529/notes,Hans Holmer joins Andrew to discuss his time as a CIA operations officer and his transition to a cyber strategist. He served on every continent except South America and won a CIA Intelligence Star.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7IQ26HBQ,2022-03-08,Hans Holmer,,,2024-03-03T23:13:03Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2476,"""So, I Design Board Games for the CIA..."" - with Volko Ruhnke",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/530/notes,Volko Ruhnke joins Andrew to discuss his life and career in the CIA as an analyst and designer of board games. He is a former World Board Game Champion.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LNE7XSX3,2022-03-15,Volko Ruhnke,,,2024-03-03T23:11:12Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2477,"“El Chapo, the Sinaloa Cartel & Intelligence” – with Trial Reporter Noah Hurowitz",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/535/notes,Noah Hurowitz joins host Andrew Hammond to discuss infamous drug kingpin El Chapo. A weak link in his cybersecurity set-up would help bring him down.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JR4CITVW,2022-04-19,Noah Hurowitz,,,2024-03-03T23:08:57Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2478,"“CIA Case Officer, Cyber Entrepreneur, Burning Man Volunteer” – with Mike Susong (Part 1 of 2)",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/536/notes,"Mike Susong joins Andrew to discuss CIA, cyber and corporate intelligence. He won the Intelligence Star for Heroism in the Field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/492EUQXV,2022-04-26,Mike Susong,,,2024-03-03T23:08:04Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2479,"“CIA Case Officer, Cyber Entrepreneur, Burning Man Volunteer” – with Mike Susong (Part 2 of 2)",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/537/notes,"Mike Susong joins Andrew to discuss CIA, cyber and corporate intelligence. He won the Intelligence Star for Heroism in the Field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LV84VZ5E,2022-05-03,Mike Susong,,,2024-03-03T23:07:32Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2480,"“America's Most Damaging Russian Spy, FBI Agent Robert Hanssen"" – with Lis Wiehl",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/538/notes,Lis Wiehl joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the FBI Agent Robert Hanssen. His espionage for the Russians was described as the “worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history.”,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LY24BIV4,2022-05-10,Lis Wiehl,,,2024-03-03T23:06:28Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2481,"“Amazon to Darien, Atlantic to Pacific” – Intelligence in Colombia with former Head of its Navy Admiral Hernando Wills",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/540/notes,Admiral Hernando Wills Velez joins Andrew Hammond to discuss intelligence in Colombia. He is the former professional head of the Colombian Navy.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5EJYZ7P2,2022-05-24,Hernando Wills,,,2024-03-03T23:04:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2482,“My Life Looking at Spies & the Media” – with Paul Lashmar,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/541/notes,Paul Lashmar joins Andrew Hammond to discuss investigative journalism and intelligence. He is a former UK Reporter of the Year.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TGCFVXIK,2022-05-31,Paul Lashmar,,,2024-03-03T22:44:31Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2483,"SPY CHIEFS: Director-General of Security Mike Burgess - ASIO, Australia & America",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/542/notes,Mike Burgess joins Andrew to discuss his agency and the enduring strength of Australia’s alliances. ASIO is the second intelligence agency he has directed.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PRP35ANY,2022-06-07,Mike Burgess,,,2024-03-03T22:33:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2484,SPY CHIEFS: “From Navy Analyst to State Dept. Intelligence Chief” – Ellen McCarthy’s Journey (Part 1 of 2),Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/543/notes,Ellen McCarthy joins Andrew Hammond to discuss her career and time as head of the State Department’s intelligence agency. INR is one of the 18 U.S. intelligence agencies.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RQLEZXAH,2022-06-14,Ellen McCarthy,,,2024-03-03T22:18:56Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2485,SPY CHIEFS: “From Navy Analyst to State Dept. Intelligence Chief” – Ellen McCarthy’s Journey (Part 2 of 2),Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/544/notes,Ellen McCarthy joins Andrew Hammond to discuss her career and time as head of the State Department’s intelligence agency. INR is one of the 18 U.S. intelligence agencies.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WLTK2MD7,2022-06-21,Ellen McCarthy,,,2024-03-03T22:18:06Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2486,“Intelligence & the World’s Largest Democracy” – Former Indian Intelligence Director Vikram Sood [from the vault],Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/545/notes,Vikram Sood joins Andrew Hammond to discuss intelligence in the world’s largest democracy. He was the chief of India’s Research & Analysis Wing (R&AW).,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/495S853Y,2022-06-28,Vikram Sood,,,2024-03-03T22:17:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2487,"4th of July Special: “The Wall of Spies Experience” – Espionage, Sabotage and Betrayal in America with John Gise",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/546/notes,John Gise joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the Wall of Spies Experience. It features over 200 stories of espionage and sabotage in America since 1776.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LY3Y8TPF,2022-07-05,John Gise,,,2024-03-03T22:16:18Z,"['8XA7D88D', '9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'DS3WDJUS', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2488,SPY@20 – “The Spy of the Century” – Curators Alexis and Andrew on Kim Philby,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/548/notes,Show notes: Alexis Albion joins Andrew Hammond to discuss Kim Philby using some of his personal belongings as prompts. This episode on the Soviet mole inside MI6 coincides with SPY’s 20th Anniversary.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8Q8XDDJD,2022-07-19,Alexis Albion,,,2024-03-03T22:13:14Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2489,“Dealing with Russia” – A Conversation with Counterintelligence Legend Jim Olson,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/547/notes,Jim Olson joins Andrew Hammond to discuss Putin and Russia. He had a 31-year career with the CIA including a tour in Moscow.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I5KA3U6I,2022-07-12,Jim Olson,,,2024-03-03T22:14:17Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2490,“The Spies Who Came in From the Cold” – with Chris Costa and John Quattrocki at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library in Chicago,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/549/notes,Chris Costa and John Quattrocki join Andrew to discuss coming in from the Cold War. They both had long illustrious careers in intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ASYBDK73,2022-07-26,"Chris Costa, John Quattrocki",,,2024-03-03T22:12:27Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2491,“Becoming a Russian Intelligence Officer” – with Janosh Neumann,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/550/notes,Janosh Neumann joins Andrew Hammond to discuss life in the FSB. He was born in the Soviet Union to parents in the “business.”,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/46J44QE2,2022-08-22,Janosh Neumann,,,2024-03-03T22:10:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2492,"“POW’s, Vietnam and Intelligence” – with Pritzker Curator James Brundage",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/554/notes,James Brundage joins Andrew Hammond to discuss prisoners-of-war and intelligence. He is the Curator at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library in Chicago.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DD792Q8K,2022-08-30,James Brundage,,,2024-03-03T22:09:34Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2493,“The 75th Anniversary of the CIA” – with former Director Robert Gates,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/557/notes,Robert Gates joins Andrew Hammond to reflect on the 75th Anniversary of the CIA. He served 8 U.S. presidents.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AYDNH59Y,2022-09-20,Robert Gates,,,2024-03-03T22:08:26Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2494,“The Past 75 Years” – with Historian of the CIA Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/558/notes,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones joins Andrew to discuss his book. He has studied American intelligence for 50 years.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ICQYLFPP,2022-09-27,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,,,2024-03-03T22:07:50Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2495,"“On the Streets, Location Unknown” - CIA Operator Karen Schaefer (Part I)",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/490/notes,"From counternarcotics to counterterrorism, from Latin America to the Middle East, and from the back streets of a warzone to the center of events in Washington DC – Karen Schaefer has had, how should we say, an “eventful” career as an intelligence officer. Charming, smart, thoughtful, and you haven’t even met Karen yet…but seriously, it was a pleasure to talk to this week’s guest who had all of those qualities, and more; so enjoyable it will be released as a double-header. This week, Part I focuses on her time as an operator; while Part II focuses on her time as a “serial collaborator” who worked with Special Operations, the FBI, and the NSC. Stay tuned…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U8TT6P7X,2022-10-18,Karen Schaefer,,,2024-03-03T22:06:31Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2496,“The FBI & Cyber” – with Cyber Division Chief Bryan Vorndran (Part 1 of 2),Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/565/notes,"Bryan Vorndran joins Andrew Hammond to discuss how the FBI has adapted to the digital age. As Bryan says, “We are not your grandparents FBI.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DLIU8G29,2022-11-22,Bryan Vorndran,,,2024-03-03T22:05:10Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2497,“The FBI & Cyber” – with Cyber Division Chief Bryan Vorndran (Part 2 of 2),Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/566/notes,"Bryan Vorndran joins Andrew Hammond to discuss how the FBI has adapted to the digital age. As Bryan says, “We are not your grandparents FBI.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IBWFW3CF,2022-11-29,Bryan Vorndran,,,2024-03-03T22:02:06Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2498,"“Honey Trapped: Sex, Betrayal & Love” – with Henry Schlesinger",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/567/notes,Henry Schlesinger joins Andrew Hammond to discuss two of the most mysterious and alluring forces in human history: sex and spying. He is a journalist and author proudly based out of NYC.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2KA5LRG,2023-12-06,Stephen Schlesinger,,,2024-03-03T21:29:20Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2499,“Spying and Start-Ups” – with former Assistant Director of the CIA John Mullen,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/568/notes,John Mullen joins Andrew Hammond to discuss his life and career. He was awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TEYC5FXG,2022-12-13,John Mullen,,,2024-03-03T21:15:14Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2500,“The Third Option” – US Covert Action with Loch Johnson (Part 1 of 2),Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/569/notes,Loch Johnson joins Andrew Hammond to discuss covert action aka “The Third Option.” He is the author of over 30 books on intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z8JWPQZ9,2023-12-20,Loch Johnson,,,2024-03-03T19:50:23Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2501,“The Third Option” – US Covert Action with Loch Johnson (Part 2 of 2),Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/570/notes,Loch Johnson joins Andrew Hammond to discuss covert action aka “The Third Option.” He is the author of over 30 books on intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5ELPRV7X,2023-12-27,Loch Johnson,,,2024-03-03T19:49:49Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2502,"""Black Ops: The Life of a Legendary CIA Shadow Warrior"" - with Ric Prado",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/528/notes,Enrique “Ric” Prado joins Andrew to discuss his new memoir “Black Ops.” One of the most renowned CIA officers of his generation tells his story.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TFN4P3VD,2023-01-03,Ric Prado,,,2024-03-03T19:48:58Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2503,"""The IRA, The Troubles & Intelligence"" – with Eleanor Williams and Thomas Leahy",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/532/notes,Thomas Leahy and Eleanor Williams join Andrew Hammond to discuss the intelligence war during “the Troubles.” Thomas lives in Cardiff and Eleanor lives in Belfast.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/48J2AEG2,2023-01-10,"Eleanor Leah Williams, Thomas Leahy",,,2024-03-03T19:46:27Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2504,“Code Name Blue Wren: Cuban Spy Ana Montes” - with Jim Popkin,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/571/notes,"Guest Jim Popkin joins host Andrew Hammond to discuss America’s most damaging female spy, Ana Montes. Jim is a four-time recipient of the national Emmy Award for outstanding journalism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QFR849YZ,2023-01-24,Jim Popkin,,,2024-03-03T19:45:27Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2505,“The Counterintelligence Chief” – with FBI Assistant Director Alan Kohler,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/574/notes,Alan Kohler joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the FBI’s counterintelligence division. He is a recipient of the FBI Director’s Award for Outstanding Counterintelligence Investigation.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZWF8JW9B,2023-02-14,Alan Kohler,,,2024-03-03T19:42:53Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2506,Ukraine & Intelligence: One Year on – with Shane Harris,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/576/notes,Shane Harris joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the role of intelligence in the Ukraine conflict one year after it began. Shane reports on intelligence for the Washington Post and is the author of two books.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3UKPNIYG,2023-02-28,Shane Harris,,,2024-03-03T19:41:49Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2507,“Hitler’s Trojan Horse” – Nazi Intelligence with Nigel West,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/578/notes,"Nigel West joins Andrew Hammond to discuss Germany’s military intelligence service during WWII, the Abwehr. Nigel is known as the expert’s expert on spy history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RG5M6P5D,2023-03-07,Karl Hackl,,,2024-03-03T19:39:59Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2508,"""Israeli Military Intelligence"" – with IDF Brig. General (Res.) Yossi Kuperwasser",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/579/notes,Yossi Kuperwasser joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the Israeli intelligence community. Yossi is the former head of the Research Division of IDF Military Intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VGC49JBG,2023-03-21,Yossi Kuperwasser,,,2024-03-03T19:39:26Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2509,“Irregular Warfare & Intelligence” - with IWC Director Dennis Walters,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/583/notes,Dr. Dennis Walters joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the Irregular Warfare Center and its ties to intelligence. Dennis is the current Acting Director of the IWC.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N5KKWLAC,2023-04-18,Dennis Walters,,,2024-03-03T19:36:28Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2510,Espionage and the Two Queens with Kent Tiernan,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/584/notes,R. Kent Tiernan joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the seven-year covert operation to execute Mary Queen of Scots. Kent is the author of The Walsingham Gambit.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EXBR5E4N,2023-04-25,Kent Tiernan,,,2024-03-03T19:35:36Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2511,Ukraine & the Alliance with NATO’s Assistant Secretary General for Intelligence David Cattler,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/585/notes,David Cattler joins Andrew Hammond to discuss NATO’s intelligence response to the ongoing war in Ukraine. David currently serves as NATO’s Assistant Secretary General for Intelligence and Security.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9MYWMCZ2,2023-05-02,David Cattler,,,2024-03-03T19:34:47Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2512,"“St. Ermin’s Hotel, London” – The History of a Legendary Spy Site, with Stephen Duffy",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/586/notes,"Stephen Duffy joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the spy stories of St. Ermin’s Hotel in London. It includes links to SOE, MI6, Ian Fleming, and the Cambridge 5.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LEW2RTLL,2023-05-09,Stephen Duffy,,,2024-03-03T19:34:11Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2513,ANNIVERSARY SPECIAL: “The D-Day Deception” – with National WWII Museum Curator Corey Graff,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/589/notes,"Cory Graff joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the D-Day deception operation to mask the landings at Normandy. Cory is a Curator at The National World War II Museum in New Orleans, Louisiana.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DM76T9E4,2023-06-06,Corey Graff,,,2024-03-03T19:33:17Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2514,“Spies: The Epic Intelligence War Between East vs. West” – with Calder Walton,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/590/notes,"Calder Walton joins Andrew to discuss the 100-year intelligence war between the United States and Russia. Calder is the author of the new book, SPIES.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B4XQHUGP,2023-06-13,Calder Walton,,,2024-03-03T19:32:28Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2515,"""Venice’s Secret Service"" – with Ioanna Iordanou",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/592/notes,Ioanna Iordanou joins Andrew Hammond to discuss Venice’s Secret Service. Her research on “centralized intelligence” during the Italian Renaissance has secured her two entries in Guinness World Records!,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D4TFCPGK,2023-06-27,Ioanna Iordanou,,,2024-03-03T19:31:35Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2516,"""Intelligence, Special Operations, and Strategy"" – with Michael Vickers",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/595/notes,Michael Vickers joins Andrew Hammond to discuss his remarkable career and memoir. He was formerly the Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WIY6DEX8,2023-07-25,Michael Vickers,,,2024-03-03T19:30:46Z,['D67KFVND'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2517,“David Petraeus on Ukraine & Intelligence” – with the former CIA Director & 4* General,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/600/notes,David Petraeus joins Andrew Hammond to discuss his strategic analysis of the war in Ukraine. General Petraeus is a former Director of the CIA.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IWSZMES7,2023-08-29,David Petraeus,,,2024-03-03T19:28:35Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2518,"“Kenya, East Africa, and America” – with African Intelligence Chief Wilson Boinett",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/601/notes,Brigadier General (Ret.) Wilson Boinett joins Andrew (Twitter; LinkedIn) to discuss Kenyan intelligence. Wilson is the former Director of Kenya’s National Intelligence Service.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PS2L3X5K,2023-09-05,Wilson Boinett,,,2024-03-03T19:26:52Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2519,“Irish Garda Intelligence Chief” – with Assistant Commissioner Michael McElgunn,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/602/notes,Michael McElgunn joins Andrew Hammond to discuss intelligence in the Republic of Ireland. Michael is the Assistant Commissioner of An Garda Síochána’s Crime and Security Intelligence Service.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JIF4DK6U,2023-09-12,Michael McElgunn,,,2024-03-03T19:25:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2520,“Former Senior Indian Intelligence Officer” – R&AW Special Secretary Vappala Balachandran,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/603/notes,Vappala Balachandran joins Andrew Hammond to discuss his career and the ancient roots of espionage in India. Bala formerly served as Special Secretary for India’s Cabinet Secretariat.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6FA5QLLQ,2023-09-19,Vappala Balachandran,,,2024-03-03T19:25:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2521,“First of Many…America’s First Female Intelligence Agency Chief” – with former NGA Director Letitia “Tish” Long,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/604/notes,Letitia “Tish” Long joins Andrew Hammond to discuss her time as the Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Tish was the first woman to be appointed director of an American intelligence agency.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MHZD9LZJ,2023-09-26,Letitia Long,,,2024-03-03T19:24:30Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2522,“A Crash Course in Israeli Intelligence” – with Erez David Maisel,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/605/notes,Brig. Gen. (res.) Erez David Maisel joins Andrew Hammond to provide a crash-course in Israeli Intelligence history. Erez is a researcher and former head of the IDF’s International Cooperation Division.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DEZXC3G6,2023-10-03, Maisel,,,2024-03-03T19:23:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2523,“The Intelligence Legacy of the Yom Kippur War” – with Uri Bar-Joseph,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/607/notes,Uri Bar-Joseph joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the intelligence failure of the Yom Kippur War. Uri is an author and professor emeritus at Haifa University.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/22QIK8G2,2023-10-17,Uri Bar-Joseph,,,2024-03-03T19:21:49Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2524,"“Agent of Betrayal, FBI Spy Robert Hanssen” – with CBS’ Major Garrett and Friends",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/610/notes,"This episode of SpyCast is a recording of a recent program held at the International Spy Museum in collaboration with our friends at CBS/Paramount. To accompany their new podcast, “Agent of Betrayal,” we hosted a panel of experts to discuss the story and historical significance of the Robert Hanssen case. They discuss how an FBI agent sworn to protect America’s most precious secrets instead became a damaging and deadly mole. The panel features Major Garrett, host of Agent of Betrayal; Dr. David L. Charney, the psychiatrist who met with Hanssen for a year after he went to jail; Dr. John F. Fox, Jr., FBI historian; and David Major, retired FBI Supervisory Special Agent and Spy Museum Advisory Board Member who knew Hanssen as a colleague.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MTELSIIG,2023-11-07,"Major Garrett, David L. Charney, John F. Fox, David Major",,,2024-03-03T19:18:55Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2525,“My Life in American Intelligence” – with Barry Zulauf,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/615/notes,Barry Zulauf joins Andrew Hammond to discuss his extensive experience working across the American intelligence community. Barry is the President of the International Association for Intelligence Education.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TCULDPW4,2023-12-12,Barry Zulauf,,,2024-03-03T17:44:30Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2526,"CIA Director, Defense Secretary, Gentleman with Leon Panetta",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/620/notes,Leon Panetta joins Andrew Hammond to discuss his lifetime of American public service. Secretary Panetta was the 2023 recipient of SPY’s William H. Webster Award.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z4MZERKG,2024-02-13,Leon Panetta,,,2024-03-03T17:41:36Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2527,"A CIA Psychologist on the Minds of World Leaders, Pt. 2 with Dr. Ursula Wilder",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/622/notes,Dr. Ursula Wilder joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the intersections between psychology and intelligence. Ursula is a clinical psychologist with over two decades of experience working at the Central Intelligence Agency.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AKBE74VU,2024-02-27,Ursula M. Wilder,,,2024-03-03T17:40:37Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2528,"A CIA Psychologist on the Minds of World Leaders, Pt. 1 with Dr. Ursula Wilder",Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/621/notes,Dr. Ursula Wilder joins Andrew Hammond to discuss the intersections between psychology and intelligence. Ursula is a clinical psychologist with over two decades of experience working at the Central Intelligence Agency.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2VCZ3BPE,2024-02-20,Ursula M. Wilder,,,2024-03-03T17:39:42Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2529,“The Eye of Horus: Egyptian Intelligence” – with Dina Rezk,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/613/notes,Dina Rezk joins Andrew Hammond to discuss Egyptian intelligence. Dina is an Associate Professor of Modern Middle Eastern History at the University of Reading.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L4Q4FTXW,2023-11-28,Dina Rezk,,,2024-03-03T19:17:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2530,German air force chief reveals secret UK operations in Ukraine,Newspaper article,https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ukraine-russia-war-secret-uk-operations-germany-9bprk29nl,Head of the Luftwaffe sparks alarm in Berlin and London by discussing method of delivering cruise missiles to Kyiv on an unsecure phone line intercepted by Russia,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/66L72T4C,2024-03-03,Bruno Waterfield,,The Times,2024-03-03T17:37:33Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2531,How Ukrainian military spies are beating their Russian rivals,Newspaper article,https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/how-ukrainian-military-spies-are-beating-their-russian-rivals-q7n2kqch2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5VVEE5PU,2024-05-27,Mark Galeotti,,The Times,2024-03-02T18:43:09Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2532,"Cervantes y los servicios de inteligencia: Espías e informantes en “La gitanilla” [Cervantes and the intelligence services: Spies and informers in ""La gitanilla""]",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11061-024-09799-8,"Miguel de Cervantes had firsthand experience with spying techniques in North Africa, first as a captive in Algiers and later as a royal envoy on a secret mission in Oran. In this paper, I examine how the author articulated his knowledge on espionage in “La gitanilla” (“The Little Gypsy”) (1613). Firstly, I propose that, by 1610, Cervantes found himself in an auspicious geopolitical context to bring to light, in the fictional realm, his knowledge on intelligence. Secondly, I argue that, in his novella, a group of Gypsy girls reveal practices and skills commonly associated with real seventeenth-century spies. Also, I claim that Preciosa and Andrés can be understood as ideal informants. In this way, I conclude that, although Cervantes had little direct participation in the Spanish intelligence services, his proximity has left important traces on his fictional work.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EWXD4RM8,2024-02-28,Matías A. Spector,,Neophilologus,2024-03-02T13:28:22Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1007/s11061-024-09799-8,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392234685,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2533,U.S. Navy Sailor Who Helped China Is Sentenced to 2 Years in Prison,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/09/us/navy-officer-china-spy.html,Wenheng Zhao pleaded guilty to charges that he sent photos of American military installations and details of U.S. military exercises to an intelligence officer working for China.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SM8J7J4V,2024-01-09,Mike Ives,,The New York Times,2024-03-02T13:27:28Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2534,The FBI’s January 6th Intelligence Failures,Podcast,https://www.buzzsprout.com/2074610/11669149-the-fbi-s-january-6th-intelligence-failures,"The January 6th Committee is wrapping up its work, which has provided a detailed account of the individuals and groups involved in the attack. Thanks to the Committee, we know that law enforcement agencies like the FBI had intelligence about the a...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ERQULA5U,2022-11-10,"Asha Rangappa, Andrew McCabe, Ryan Goodman",,,2024-03-02T12:47:30Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2535,A Conversation with Avril Haines the Director of National Intelligence of the United States,Podcast,https://www.buzzsprout.com/2074610/14609401-a-conversation-with-avril-haines-the-director-of-national-intelligence-of-the-united-states,"On Feb. 29, 2024, Just Security welcomed the Director of National Intelligence, Avril Haines, to NYU School of Law for an event in celebration of Just Security’s 10th anniversary year.Just Security’s Co-Editors-in-Chief, Tess Bridgeman and Ryan Go...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LLVDN2BD,2024-03-01,Avril Haines,,,2024-03-02T12:46:04Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2536,"In an Age of Intercepts, the C.I.A. Makes the Case for Spies",Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/28/us/politics/cia-podcast-spies.html,"Eavesdropping on communications provides limited insight, the agency’s espionage chief argues in a new podcast. Only humans can tell the full story.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VFB2SM6H,2024-02-28,Julian E. Barnes,,The New York Times,2024-03-01T16:25:27Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2537,Intelligence and international security,Book chapter,https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/an-introduction-to-war-studies-9781802203318.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C5MSJHEH,2024,"Huw Dylan, David Easter",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2024-03-01T10:26:18Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,An Introduction to War Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2538,La DGSI enquête sur une tentative de déstabilisation des élections européennes par des prorusses en France [The DGSI is investigating an attempt by pro-Russian supporters in France to destabilise the European elections],Newspaper article,https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2024/02/29/contre-espionnage-la-dgsi-enquete-sur-une-tentative-de-destabilisation-des-elections-europeennes-par-des-prorusses-en-france_6219328_3210.html,"Les services du renseignement intérieur français s’intéressent à la constitution d’une liste servant les intérêts de Moscou, portée par l’ancien eurodéputé français Jean-Luc Schaffhauser, lui-même aidé par des figures prorusses proches de l’extrême droite.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RZA9SJVM,2024-02-29,Jacques Follorou,,Le Monde.fr,2024-03-01T10:00:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'VHKQZA5S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2539,Creation of the National Intelligence Priorities Framework (NIPF): A Personal Narrative,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2302294,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4SJPVYF,2024,Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-03-01T09:45:15Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2302294,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392231842,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392231842,2026.0,2026.0,2024.0,,2.0 2540,Beyond counterintelligence: understanding the SBU’s social media outreach on Telegram during wartime,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2321692,"This study examines the Security Service of Ukraine’s (SBU) use of its Telegram channel for social media outreach during the Russo-Ukrainian war. It employs a qualitative thematic analysis of Telegram posts published between February 2022 and October 2023 to investigate the SBU’s communication strategies. The study identifies the SBU’s focus on themes such as collaboration and treason, showcasing its operational successes, and countering Russian espionage in its social media messaging. The findings provide insights into the SBU’s approach to engaging the Ukrainian public, in contrast with traditional concepts of intelligence communication, and emphasise its role in influencing public discourse.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YM9BK7D2,2024,Peter Schrijver,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-01T09:42:04Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'Y959U28A']",10.1080/02684527.2024.2321692,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392229267,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392229267,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,,1.0 2541,The bitskrieg that was and wasn’t: the military and intelligence implications of cyber operations during Russia’s war on Ukraine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2321693,"The Russian war on Ukraine presents a multifaceted landscape for the analysis of the cyber dimensions of contemporary war and their strategic, operational, and tactical impacts. While the long-anticipated disabling and devastating cyber blitzkrieg did not happen at the beginning of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the persistent utilization of a variety of cyber tools by both sides in this war points to the hybrid warfare strategy taking place not only on the ground but also in cyberspace. Cyberattacks on Ukrainian critical infrastructure, governmental entities and different parts of the economy have been a constant feature in Ukraine’s struggle to maintain its national security. These cyberattacks had a varying level of success. Yet, their role in the Russia–Ukraine war is still not fully understood or extensively studied. This work analyses cyber incidents from the first period of conflict, starting in November 2013 until 23 February 2022, and examines their objective and subjective impacts at the domestic and the international levels. This work also reviews the post-escalation period starting from 24 February 2022, using the data collected directly from the publicly available Ukrainian governmental sources and international cyber firms. This work aims to address the role and impact of cyber operations in an ongoing Russia–Ukraine war on both the people, networked systems, and other physical contests of warfare and the soldiers in the trenches is the principal subject of this article.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5VMR2HV3,2024,"Aaron F. Brantly, Nataliya D Brantly",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-03-01T09:41:28Z,"['8XXD789V', 'Y959U28A']",10.1080/02684527.2024.2321693,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392244050,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392244050,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,,0.0 2542,"Australia: Former politician became foreign agent, nation's spy boss says",Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-68420795,"The former politician allegedly ""sold out"" to a foreign spy network, offering access to a prime minister's orbit.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7UHFZ8MD,2024-02-28,Tiffanie Turnbull,,BBC News,2024-03-01T09:11:02Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2543,"Suspected Iranian cyber-espionage campaign targets Middle East aerospace, defense industries",Magazine article,https://therecord.media/iran-cyber-espionage-campaign-targeting-middle-east-defense-aerospace,"An ongoing cyber-espionage campaign that uses unique malware against the aerospace, aviation and defense industries in the Middle East appears to have links to Iran, security researchers say.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7DUJQX3L,2024-02-28,Joe Warminsky,,The Record,2024-03-01T09:09:18Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2544,Former US diplomat pleads guilty to spying for Cuba for more than 40 years,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68442698,Manuel Rocha was charged with secretly passing information to the Cuban government since 1981.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CYXC64BB,2024-02-29,Will Grant,,BBC News,2024-03-01T09:06:20Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2545,Inside the White House Program to Share America’s Secrets,Magazine article,https://time.com/6835724/americas-intelligence-secrets/,Mass surveillance and social media are changing the spy game.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRSCE2QF,2024-02-29T11:00:00,Massimo Calabresi,,TIME,2024-03-01T09:04:58Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2546,"Scientist fed classified information to China, says Canada intelligence report",Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/29/canada-scientist-classified-information-china-wuhan,Report says Xiangguo Qiu secretly worked with Wuhan Institute for Virology and posed a ‘threat to Canada’s economic security’,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RRA3AYVS,2024-02-29T19:14:37.000Z,Leyland Cecco,,The Guardian,2024-03-01T09:04:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'VHKQZA5S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2547,"Strengthening Naval Diplomacy RI-US in Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance through Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training 2024",Journal article,https://www.mahesainstitute.web.id/ojs2/index.php/jehss/article/view/2088,"This research discusses the joint exercise between the Indonesian Navy, the US Navy, and the US Marines (USMC), namely Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT) to carry out Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), littoral warfare, and coastal defence missions. This research uses descriptive qualitative related to Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training (CARAT). CARAT is implemented bilaterally to enhance the maritime partnership between Indonesia and the US. For Indonesia, building a maritime partnership with the US should focus on bilateral interests as well as regional security. For the US, the CARAT programme in Indonesia can be seen as part of an effort to strengthen its influence in Southeast Asia, including facing China's dominance in the region. Based on the above background, the researcher formulates the problem, namely how to strengthen Indonesia's cooperative relationship with the United States in the face of China's dominance in the Southeast Asian region. Data collection is obtained from literature review by collecting various articles, books, journals, or other sources. The results of this study indicate that to strengthen Indonesia's cooperative relationship with the United States in the face of China's dominance in the Southeast Asian region, is to increase cooperation in the field of security and defence, through Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training 2024. This will help strengthen Indonesia's defence capacity and also send a signal to China that Indonesia is not easily intimidated. It is also important to continue to build relations with China in a critical but constructive manner, by promoting dialogue and diplomacy to seek points of agreement and achieve stability in the Southeast Asian region as a whole. CARAT activities are an effective strategy in enhancing security stability in the region through maritime defence cooperation. The programme benefits partner countries in building relationships of trust, enhancing defence capabilities and combating maritime threats. To increase the effectiveness of CARAT, it is recommended that partner countries continue to be committed to the programme and maintain good cooperation with the US navy and other countries in the region.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XNUZMFQM,2024-02-26,"Yurizki Aliyah, Jonni Mahroza, Tasdik Mustika Alam, Rudy Sutanto, Sri Patmi, Lukman Yudho Prakoso",,"Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS)",2024-02-29T13:03:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.34007/jehss.v6i3.2088,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392286860,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392286860,2020.0,2020.0,2024.0,https://mahesainstitute.web.id/ojs2/index.php/jehss/article/download/2088/pdf,-4.0 2548,Director-General's Annual Threat Assessment 2024 | ASIO,Blog post,https://www.asio.gov.au/director-generals-annual-threat-assessment-2024,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H2QA4QI2,2024-02-28,Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO),,,2024-02-29T09:15:45Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2549,German Military Eavesdroppers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117791833174,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YQKDI568,1977-10-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T09:51:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-117791833174,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031997701,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031997701,2015.0,2015.0,1977.0,,38.0 2550,James Lovell and Secret Ciphers During the American Revolution,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117891852811,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7GX85M7E,1978-01-01,Ralph E. Weber,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T09:49:14Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/0161-117891852811,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089516128,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089516128,2015.0,2015.0,1978.0,,37.0 2551,The Forschungsamt: Nazi Germany's Most Secret Communications Intelligence Agency,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117891852758,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q78IWEE4,1978-01-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T09:48:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-117891852758,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048446946,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048446946,2015.0,2019.0,1978.0,,37.0 2552,Papers Disclose Allies' Edge in Knowing German Codes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117991853800,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F4C5A4T7,1979-01-01,A. O. Sulzberger,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T09:47:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-117991853800,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079076534,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079076534,2015.0,2015.0,1979.0,,36.0 2553,Report on the Decipherment of the American Strip Cipher 0–2 by the German Foreign Office,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117991853756,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H47BQAW2,1979-01-01,Hans Rohrbach,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T09:46:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-117991853756,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991849747,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991849747,2015.0,2019.0,1979.0,,36.0 2554,The Solution of a Cromwellian Era Spy Message (circa 1648),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118091854735,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4GIDN9EB,1980-01-01,Peter P. Fagone,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T09:29:41Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/0161-118091854735,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013203971,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013203971,2015.0,2015.0,1980.0,,35.0 2555,"Skip the corsets, we’d rather have childcare: gendering spycraft in genre fiction and memoir",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291876,"In ‘Skip the Corsets’ I ask how female former operatives writing about their work at CIA have responded to the post-9/11 era in both memoirs and fiction. I analyse texts that offer a vision of the post-9/11 world order as one in which the qualities of a good intelligence specialist may include empathy and maternal instinct. As the Agency has come under criticism for torture, illegal extraditions, and drone attacks, I look at how depictions of women intelligence specialists created by women writers have negotiated with that criticism, and also suggested other ways of envisioning the role of American intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X9X756M6,2023-12-19,Erin G. Carlston,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T11:01:25Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2291876,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389979813,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389979813,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291876?download=true,2.0 2556,The intelligence lobby before the intelligence lobby: MI5 Director General Stella Rimington and the hunt for the new legitimacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291875,"In 1991 John Major’s government broke with precedent and named the incoming head of MI5, Stella Rimington. In so doing, Major gave Rimington a public profile, and a platform. She used both to establish a new narrative concerning MI5 its work and its importance in a post-Soviet world, in effect seeking renewed legitimacy. Rimington’s significance, mirroring that of women in intelligence in general, remains under-studied. This article examines her decision to embrace her public profile, how she utilised it, and the press reaction. It argues that she proved an early and effective advocate for intelligence, securing in important quarters the legitimacy she sought.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HHETKLHJ,2024-02-23,Huw Dylan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-20T19:04:15Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2291875,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389892678,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389892678,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291875,1.0 2557,"Sea, sex, and spies: on Gérard de Villiers’ relations with the covert world",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291874,"This article is concerned with the links between intelligence professionals and spy novelists in France. It focuses on the prolific, popular pulp writer Gérard de Villiers, and his numerous links with intelligence services. The prominence and significance of these are often overshadowed by his racist and misogynistic writing, and the trashy quality of his books. This article documents the multifaceted relationships between Gérard de Villiers and the covert world, from long-lasting friendships between top intelligence officials and the writer, to de Villiers’ personal involvement in intelligence work as an honorable correspondant, for the SDECE and the DGSE.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5QQUVUE,2024-02-23,Pauline Blistène,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T10:51:33Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2291874,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390193818,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390193818,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291874,2.0 2558,‘The painful aftermath’: reactions to the publication of SOE in France,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291873,"This article considers the aftermath of the publication of SOE in France. A groundbreaking official account of a secret wartime organisation, publication was followed by complaints and legal action. It examines how Whitehall responded to the negative fallout, and the tensions with the author, Professor MRD Foot, as officials refused to accept responsibility for the lack of personal testimony in the work, and prioritised settling legal cases and the avoidance of any further legal action as changes to the text were made for a revised first edition. The article also reflects upon whether the experience had any impact upon subsequent intelligence-related official histories.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4P5ZK4MA,2024-02-23,Christopher J. Murphy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T10:50:16Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2291873,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390105645,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291873?download=true, 2559,"Resisting the KGB Mythmakers: Willy Fisher, spy fiction, and the myth of Rudolf Abel",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291872,"The Soviet Committee for State Security (KGB) suffered a shocking setback when the head of its deep cover (illegal) agent networks in the United States Rudolf Abel, whose real name was William (Willy) Fisher, was arrested in Brooklyn in 1957. After Fisher was swapped for the downed CIA U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers and an American PhD student Frederic Pryor in 1962, the KGB attempted to turn the setback into a public relations victory by constructing the myth of an ideal Soviet intelligence officer. However, the myth required that Fisher continue his public life under the assumed identity of Rudolf Abel until his death and beyond. Drawing on KGB archival documents, memoirs of former KGB officers, Fisher’s published personal letters, and Russian language journalistic accounts, this article chronicles and analyses both the KGB activities to make Fisher into the mythic Abel and the former officer’s seemingly hopeless but remarkably persistent struggle to preserve his personal identity and integrity. A struggle that culminated in a little-known spy fiction novella which, using allusions and metaphors, articulated his critique of the KGB.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2FURZRV4,2024-02-23,Filip Kovacevic,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T11:00:33Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2291872,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390013191,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 2560,Wartime intelligence experience in the works of Barbara Pym and Muriel Spark,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291869,"This paper looks at the possibilities of fiction in understanding intelligence, taking two female 20th century writers as case studies, Barbara Pym, and Muriel Spark. It considers how they did or did not draw on their wartime experience in their fiction. It asks why fiction still matters in an era of ever-more accessible archives and public records. It concludes that authorial choice, self-censorship, redacting and editing by others suppressed Barbara Pym’s official wartime experience as an Examiner or censor. It suggests that the role was undervalued both at the time and subsequently as a source of intelligence. The paper concludes that Muriel Spark exploited to the full a short exposure to black propaganda, highlighting how three of her works of fiction offer readers insights into ethical questions of deception, manipulation, and surveillance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7N5JDXHJ,2024-02-23,Claire Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-21T17:03:35Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2291869,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389892672,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389892672,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 2561,"‘The safety of the realm’: fact, fiction, and wartime trauma in Ian Fleming’s James Bond novels",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291870,"The creator of James Bond, Ian Fleming, served as Assistant to the Director of Naval Intelligence throughout World War II and played a leading role in many of its key operations. Yet despite Fleming’s grounding and experience in actual wartime intelligence operations and organisations, the origin of the Bond novels in real wartime intelligence has been neglected. Instead, the adventures of James Bond have more often been read as escapist fantasies concocted by Fleming for fame, profit, and imperial propaganda. This article will respond to this neglect of Fleming’s realism by tracing numerous parallels between wartime intelligence operations, agents, and institutions – such as Operation MINCEMEAT, Operation RUTHLESS, 30 Assault Unit, and Camp X – and the plots and personnel of Bond novels including Casino Royale, Live and Let Die, Moonraker, From Russia, with Love, and On Her Majesty’s Secret Service. The article will further explore how Fleming artfully evaded the constraints of Official Secrecy by disguising classified intelligence material as ‘romanticized caricatures’ in his postwar spy fiction. The profound impact of Fleming’s personal wartime trauma on the Bond novels will also be examined to ground the stories more firmly in actual wartime experience and intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HS3G72AK,2024-02-23,Oliver Buckton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:43:50Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2291870,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390728452,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2562,"Forbidden history: CIA censorship, The Invisible Government, and the origins of the “deep state” conspiracy theory",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291871,"This article explores the context, legacy and influence of David Wise and Thomas Ross’ influential history of the CIA, The Invisible Government. It highlights how the book broke the silence in the American media on CIA covert operations. It documents the CIA’s attempts to censor the book upon its publication. It will also show how the book was reinterpreted by conspiracy theorists, Soviet propagandists, and leading figures within the decolonization movement. Finally, it argues that the book’s ultimate legacy, although a misreading of their original argument, can be found in the ‘deep state’ narrative so prevalent among conspiracy theorists today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MXWBQNX5,2024-02-23,Simon Willmetts,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T08:19:07Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'B6RJNLTK']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2291871,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390762131,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390762131,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291871?download=true,1.0 2563,The Origins of Russian Navy Communications Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118491858980,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DFASLBKL,1984-07-01,Thomas R. Hammant,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-01-14T16:54:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118491858980,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982636128,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982636128,2015.0,2015.0,1984.0,,31.0 2564,"Fact, fake or fiction?: the disguised spy novels of Bernard Newman in the 1930s",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291867,"During the inter-war period, there appeared numerous spy memoirs, offering surprising insights into the recently fought secret war. These had a noticeable impact on the writing of spy stories, which under the influence of new detail and knowledge tended to become more realistic. The following article examines the influence of spy memoirs on spy fiction in the period, revealing that both critics and the reading public were now forced to disentangle fact from fakery and trying to pinpoint where truth bled into fiction. Attention is given to the three ‘spy memoirs’ of Bernard Newman, Spy (1935), Secret Servant (1935) and German Spy (1936). These unjustly forgotten works of fiction disguised as fact generated some confusion and debate at the time and served to draw attention to issues of authenticity when treating ‘writers in intelligence’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PHVYDZMU,2024-02-23,Alan Burton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T11:01:54Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2291867,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389892869,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389892869,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291867?download=true,2.0 2565,The Art of Double-Cross: writers in strategic deception during World War Two,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291868,"The success of British double-cross operations in World War Two is well-known. However, the techniques used by writers in MI5 to manipulate German intelligence officers and, through them, the German High Command have never been properly examined. This essay fills that gap of understanding, focussing on the most ambitious of the double-cross operations, the network of Juan Pujol, known as agent Garbo. As Michael Howard, Christopher Andrew and others acknowledge, the double-agent networks were crucial in disseminating disinformation to the enemy, including in the run-up to D-Day. As the article shows, however, they were also used more strategically, to wage a sustained campaign of manipulation against their opponents which ensured that deception plans were swallowed and acted on. By examining their tactics and strategies in detail, the essay highlights the historic contribution of writers in British intelligence during World War Two which has previously gone almost unrecognised.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2EMSPB7,2024-02-23,Jago Morrison,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-14T10:25:31Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2291868,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389571377,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291868, 2566,‘A bald exposition of the essential facts’: information and reconnaissance in The Riddle of the Sands,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291866,"Espionage depends on the gathering, sifting, reporting, and selling of information. In Erskine Childers’ The Riddle of the Sands, information about a German plot to invade Britain has implications for statehood and military strategy. This novel responds to the changing culture of information and reconnaissance captured by Robert Baden-Powell’s Reconnaissance and Scouting, David Henderson’s The Art of Reconnaissance, and military manuals that give advice on collecting information about enemy positions and armaments. Drawing on the resources of reconnaissance and espionage, Childers urges the British government to develop a North Sea defence policy while preparing citizens to defend themselves against invasion.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HYHSTG77,2024-02-23,Allan Hepburn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T11:03:00Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2291866,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389725668,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 2567,Between the secret state and the public sphere: the writer as intermediary,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2292388,"This essay explores the unique roles played by writers as intermediaries between the secret state and the public sphere, providing an introduction to the special issue Writers in Intelligence. Though frequently remarked upon, the history, nature, and politics of this relationship remains under-studied. Some spies-turned-writers write in the hope of legitimizing a problematic role, others to own their own identities in a police state. For some, writing is an avenue for critique of a toxic security culture, while others have lent their skills to intelligence agencies as a form of patriotic duty. We examine how fictional representations of intelligence work have been both a boon and a hindrance to various secret services; and how exposing elements of intelligence work can occasionally lead to conspiracy rather than clarity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JD47SXDM,2024-02-23,"Alan Burton, Huw Dylan, Jago Morrison",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-28T08:26:15Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2292388,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392108858,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392108858,2024.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2292388?needAccess=true,0.0 2568,The Black Chamber: A Column How the British Broke Enigma,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118091855022,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IV56R87P,1980-07-01,C. A. Deavours,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T08:20:28Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118091855022,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060468453,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060468453,2015.0,2015.0,1980.0,,35.0 2569,German Spy Cryptograms,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118191855841,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IBEEWK6C,1981-04-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T08:17:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/0161-118191855841,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004456791,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004456791,2015.0,2015.0,1981.0,,34.0 2570,Churchill Pleads for the Intercepts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118291856821,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UWDAEBJR,1982-01-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T08:16:23Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-118291856821,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2028029615,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028029615,2015.0,2015.0,1982.0,,33.0 2571,Why Germany Lost the Code War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118291856759,"This paper was presented for discussion at the Baltimore-Washington German History Seminar, 8 November 1980, Towson State University, Towson, Maryland. It is a slightly revised form of a portion of “Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: The Major Successes and Failures, Their Causes and Their Effects,” The Historical Journal, 23 (September, 1980), 617–639, which lists all sources. The technical reasons given below owe a great deal to the kind help of Dr. Cipher A. Deavonrs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R4KXMKIA,1982-01-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T08:15:44Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118291856759,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018044664,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018044664,2015.0,2015.0,1982.0,,33.0 2572,Rhapsody in Purple a New History of Pearl Harbor - I,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118291857019,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D24QD4MT,1982-07-01,Dundas P. Tucker,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T08:14:59Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-118291857019,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019202561,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019202561,2015.0,2015.0,1982.0,,33.0 2573,A Failure of Radio Intelligence: An Episode in the Battle of the Coral Sea,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118391857847,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TTQIWDY8,1983-04-01,John B. Lundstrom,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T08:08:58Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118391857847,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048399718,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048399718,2015.0,2015.0,1983.0,,32.0 2574,From the Archives Examples of Intelligence Obtained from Cryptanalysis 1 August 1946,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118391858044,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D8ECZJWP,1983-10-01,"Director, NSA/Chief, CSS",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-28T08:07:48Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118391858044,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4239228295,0.0,False,,,,1983.0,, 2575,"British Intelligence in the Second World War: Volume 3, Part 2",Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KL4DJ3TN,1988-03-25,"F. H. Hinsley, C. F. G. Ransom, R. C. Knight",Cambridge University Press,,2024-02-27T23:33:47Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2576,British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations: Vol 3 Part 1 (History of the Second World War): v.3,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BH5D27RT,1984-05-01,"F. H. Hinsley, E. S. Thomas, C. F. G. Ransom, R. C. Knight",Stationery Office Books,,2024-02-27T23:33:23Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2577,"British Intelligence in the Second World War, Vol. 2: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations: v. 2",Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YBRMIUEV,1981-09-01,F. H. Hinsley,Her Majesty's Stationery Office,,2024-02-27T23:33:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2578,"British Intelligence in the Second World War, volume 1.: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations: v. 1",Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/STSAVB2K,1979-06-11,F. H. Hinsley,Stationery Office Books,,2024-02-27T23:32:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2579,The origins and expansion of counter-espionage in America : from the Revolutionary War to the Progressive Era,Thesis,http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/record=b3102805~S15,"From the initial emergence of Intelligence Studies as a recognised academic discipline in the 1980s to the present day, official voices have been preeminent. This is especially true of counter-espionage. Only a few histories on the evolution of American counter-espionage have developed entirely exogenously from those who have worked within the country’s intelligence community. Unsurprisingly, this has had a rather distorting effect on our understanding of the context and nature of American counter-espionage. This thesis considers how America changed from a nation that partly defined itself at the outset by constricting the state apparatus of domestic spying to creating one of the largest domestic security systems. Meanwhile counterespionage changed from being used only during states of exception, to a state of permanence. In exploring the rise of American counter-espionage, this thesis makes three important claims of three key eras – the Revolutionary, the Gilded and the Progressive. First, it argues that the framers of the United States Constitution endeavoured to counteract the creation of a centralised security service. Second, it argues that this framework for limited counter-espionage, established by the framers, began to unravel following the Homestead Strike in 1892 and the passing of the ‘Anti-Pinkerton Act’. Lastly, it critically assesses the Progressive Era, where the foundation for the modern surveillance state was laid, with the creation of the Bureau of Investigation, the 1917 Espionage Act and a new state interventionist spirit. Along with progressivism, this thesis argues that the other dominant influences on the expansion of American counter-espionage were Britain and the private sector. More broadly, this thesis argues that Intelligence Studies has taken a wrong turn. In seeking to restore the ‘missing dimension’, it has at the same time created a separate field of study that often fails to connect to wider ideas of constitutional history, labour history and civil rights. Therefore, whilst analysing the origins, expansion and influences on America’s domestic security apparatus, the thesis continually connects the use of counterespionage to the political events that initiated its use. I do this so as to provide a critical revisionist account of American counter-espionage that challenges the existing narrative on the rise of spying in America.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QJRAA75K,2016-08-01,Jules Gaspard,,,2024-02-27T23:27:15Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Warwick,,,,,,,,, 2580,German military intelligence in World War 2,Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.461346,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/93TATCIX,1974,David Kahn,,,2022-12-28T12:37:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,PhD Thesis,Oxford University,,,,,,,,, 2581,Secrets of the Codebreakers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118691860796,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZZ8Z46ST,1986-01-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:22:42Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/0161-118691860796,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008338219,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008338219,2015.0,2015.0,1986.0,,29.0 2582,Needles and Haystacks: The Search for Ultra in the 1930's (an Excerpt),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118791861848,"This thesis traces the efforts in the 1930's of the Polish, French, and British Intelligence Services to break the German Enigma ciphering machine, efforts which led to the Bletchley Park Ultra operations of World War II. The cooperation, and lack thereof, among the intelligence services is discussed, with the conclusion that more cooperation sooner would have better served the individual national interest of each.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EUNCUTUW,1987-04-01,Linda Y. Gouazé,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:21:15Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118791861848,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2063454904,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063454904,2015.0,2015.0,1987.0,,28.0 2583,Enigma Before Ultra Polish Work and the French Contribution,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118791861947,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C8RI6MUG,1987-07-01,"Gilbert Bloch, C. A. Deavours",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:20:48Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118791861947,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2104940296,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2104940296,2015.0,2021.0,1987.0,,28.0 2584,From Bletchley Park to Berchtesgaden,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118791861938,"This paper presents the travels of a cryptological Intelligence mission through Germany near the end of World War II to locate German Signal Intelligence information documents, and equipment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6N7ZKZYL,1987-07-01,"Paul Whitaker, Louis Kruh",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:20:19Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-118791861938,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032320435,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032320435,2012.0,2018.0,1987.0,,25.0 2585,Naval Enigma: M4 and Its Rotors,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118791862063,"The wiring of rotors in the naval version of Enigma is given (including that of beta and gamma) and events leading to the introduction of Triton, a cipher for Atlantic U-boats, are described. It is shown that an alpha rotor did not enter service, and that Triton became operational in October 1941.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FYI2U9ZR,1987-10-01,"Ralph Erskine, Frode Weierud",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:20:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-118791862063,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1964383819,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1964383819,2012.0,2023.0,1987.0,,25.0 2586,Enigma Before Ultra the Polish Success and Check (1933–1939),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118791862054,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LQ69NKP6,1987-10-01,"Gilbert Bloch, C. A. Deavours",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:19:39Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118791862054,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059836832,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059836832,2013.0,2021.0,1987.0,,26.0 2587,From the Archives: U-Boat Hf Wt Signalling,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118891862837,"A Royal Navy document on U-boat radio procedures in WWI is reproduced, with annotations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BXM7GTT3,1988-04-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:18:54Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/0161-118891862837,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981523162,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981523162,2015.0,2021.0,1988.0,,27.0 2588,Bletchley Park 1941–1945,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118891862828,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VLAUH73U,1988-04-01,William F. Clarke,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:18:44Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118891862828,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996121190,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996121190,2015.0,2015.0,1988.0,,27.0 2589,Enigma Avant Ultra Enigma Before Ultra,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118891862927,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MYINTSX8,1988-07-01,"Gilbert Bloch, C. A. Deavours",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:17:58Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118891862927,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979753045,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979753045,2013.0,2021.0,1988.0,,25.0 2590,A Soviet Wiretapping Office,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118991863899,In which the intricacies of Soviet wiretapping are discussed.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DAAGC5M4,1989-04-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:16:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118991863899,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030747612,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 2591,Viet Cong Sigint and U.s. Army Comsec in Vietnam,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118991863853,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/38USYWG5,1989-04-01,Lt. Gen. Charles R. Myer,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:15:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BHVIFBRH', 'EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118991863853,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095734770,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095734770,2017.0,2017.0,1989.0,,28.0 2592,From the Archives: A Bletchley Park Assessment of German Intelligence on Torch,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118991863844,"A Bletchley Park assessment of German intelligence about Allied intentions before the landings in North Africa in November 1942 is reproduced, with annotations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9KAAFG2U,1989-04-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:14:56Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118991863844,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010133934,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010133934,2015.0,2021.0,1989.0,,26.0 2593,British-American Cryptanalytic Cooperation and an Unprecedented Admission by Winston Churchill,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118991863835,Great Britain and the United States seek a closer relationship between their cipher experts and Churchill admits decrypting America's diplomatic codes.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RCPRTKQT,1989-04-01,Louis Kruh,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:14:47Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-118991863835,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033983195,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033983195,2015.0,2021.0,1989.0,,26.0 2594,Anguish Under Siege: High-Grade Japanese Signal Intelligence and the Fall of Berlin,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-118991863907,"The Japanese ambassador in Berlin sent detailed enciphered military, political, and economic reports to his government in Tokyo during the Second World War, but from January 1945 until the end of war in Europe, his reports focused on the destruction of the great metropolis of Berlin. Intercepted and solved, the Japanese MAGIC-ULTRA messages provided Anglo-American intelligence with eyewitness accounts of conditions in the German capital while it was caught between the advancing fronts and lay under Russian siege.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/65M6GRWE,1989-07-01,Carl Boyd,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:13:44Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-118991863907,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998841815,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998841815,2015.0,2015.0,1989.0,,26.0 2595,British Intelligence in the Second World War: An Overview,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119091864733,"During World War II, signals intelligence was always and increasingly the most valuable of Great Britain's intelligence sources. The Poles first solved the German Enigma cipher machine. Britain, which first solved the general Luftwaffe key in May 1940 and a naval Enigma key in June 1941, exploited these and other keys, though with interruptions, to the end of the war. Other sources - espionage, aerial photography, captured documents, the underground in occupied countries - also provided valuable information. The operational influence of intelligence varied. After the summer of 1941, most battles were influenced by Allied superiority in intelligence. But its impact was not always decisive. Intelligence alone did not win the war. Still, massive, continuous, and frequently current information enabled the Allies to speed their victory by setting the time, scale, and place of their operations so as to economize their lives and resources and to cost the enemy more of his. Intelligence shortened the war by perhaps 4 years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EMDC6C2P,1990-01-01,F. H. Hinsley,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:09:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-119091864733,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001249709,30.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001249709,2014.0,2022.0,1990.0,,24.0 2596,Why Was Safford Pessimistic About Breaking the German Enigma Cipher Machine in 1942?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119091864959,"In 1942, Captain Lawrence F. Safford doubted that the German Enigma would be broken. This implied that he was unaware that the British had already broken the Enigma Cipher. Various authorities and colleagues of Safford speculate on his assertion.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SLCZDBTS,1990-07-01,Louis Kruh,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:08:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-119091864959,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024948654,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024948654,,,1990.0,, 2597,Military Intelligence Corps Hall of Fame,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119191865759,"A military Intelligence Hall of Fame has been established at Fort Huachuca AZ. Both military and civilian personnel are eligible for nomination. Since its establishment in 1988, sixteen members have been chosen for the Hall of Fame for their cryptologic contributions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DCNMV6FG,1991-01-01,Louis Kruh,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:07:19Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/0161-119191865759,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980401657,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980401657,2015.0,2015.0,1991.0,,24.0 2598,A Brief History of the Signal In℡ligence Service,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119191865939,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FNHVZTIJ,1991-07-01,William F. Friedman,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:06:35Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119191865939,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008344383,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008344383,2022.0,2022.0,1991.0,,31.0 2599,Security of Ultra Dexter and Rabid In℡ligence - War Department,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119191865984,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BGPB8AXZ,1991-10-01,Military Intelligence Department,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:05:47Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119191865984,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4206762704,0.0,False,,,,1991.0,, 2600,The Unsolved Messages of Pearl Harbor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119191865957,"In 1941, the United States Navy intercepted enough Japanese naval messages to predict the attack on Pearl Harbor if the code which protected them had been solved. The messages would have disclosed that, while the Japanese government cynically conducted diplomatic negotiations with the United States, the Japanese Combined Fleet under Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, beginning as early as September 1941, systematically prepared ships, crews, weapons, tactics, and a complicated fuel supply system for the most ambitious operation ever undertaken by the Japanese navy. Details of Japan's intentions were hidden from Navy cryptanalysts because of limited manpower resources and because all Japanese navy codes were assigned a lower priority than Japanese diplomatic codes and German submarine threat.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I49TAQ4B,1991-10-01,Frederick D. Parker,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:05:13Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119191865957,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090349640,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090349640,2015.0,2016.0,1991.0,,24.0 2601,Pearl Harbor and the Inadequacy of Cryptanalysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119191865948,"American codebreakers achieved remarkable success in solving Japanese codes, but could not prevent the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor because the Japanese never transmitted anything about the attack on the airwaves.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CBRZU6V4,1991-10-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:04:59Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119191865948,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965731917,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965731917,2015.0,2024.0,1991.0,,24.0 2602,The German Naval Grid in World War Ii,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119291866757,"The grid system used in charts by the German Navy in WW II is outlined, systems devised by the U-boat Command to disguise grid references are explained and the key to one such system is revealed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3YTF52G,1992-01-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:04:43Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-119291866757,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994838704,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994838704,2015.0,2021.0,1992.0,,23.0 2603,Origins of Cryptology: The Arab Contributions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119291866801,"Recently discovered old manuscripts show that the origin of cryptology, and the Arab contributions to it, are older and more extensive than previously thought. The word ‘cipher’ in European languages comes from the Arabic word sifr. The 9th-century Arab scientist al-Kindī is the author of the oldest known book on cryptology, antedating any other by more than 300 years. This paper highlights the specific contributions of some Arab cryptologists based on newly discovered documents that include books of al-Kindī, ibn Adlān and ibn ad-Duraihim. Factors behind the emergence and advancement of Arab cryptology are discussed. The discoveries reported in this paper push the frontiers of the history of cryptology back by about 500 years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XVQDAM5L,1992-04-01,Ibrahim A. Al-Kadit,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T23:03:40Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/0161-119291866801,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2104149336,79.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2104149336,2012.0,2026.0,1992.0,,20.0 2604,Nasjonal trusselvurdering 2024 [National threat assessment 2024 - Norway],Report,https://www.pst.no/globalassets/2024/ntv2024/nasjonal-trusselvurdering-2024_uuweb.pdf,"NTV 2024 has been prepared for a broad target group. On the one hand, the report is intended for a Norwegian public with a great need for information about the status and expected development of the threat situation. On the other hand, NTV is intended for individuals and organisations that need input for their own security work, but who do not have access to security-graded assessments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B3WKFVWS,2024-02-12,"Politiets sikkerhetstjeneste [Police security service], Etterretningstjenesten [The intelligence service], Nasjonal sikkerhetsmyndighet [National security authority]",,,2024-02-27T16:52:20Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2605,US leading global alliance to counter foreign government disinformation,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/26/us-leading-global-alliance-to-counter-foreign-government-disinformation,"Washington hopes more countries will join US, UK and Canada in signing agreement to define, identify and label such operations",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HN9T8859,2024-02-26T05:00:19.000Z,Patrick Wintour,,The Guardian,2024-02-27T12:08:16Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2606,The prospect of a second Trump presidency has the intelligence community on edge,Magazine article,https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/26/trump-intelligence-agency-national-security-00142968,Trump sought major changes at the intel agencies in his first term; former officials say he could be more radical in a second.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SKEIFDFT,2024-02-26,"Erin Banco, John Sakellariadis",,POLITICO,2024-02-27T12:07:41Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2607,Cuban spies have a particular talent for getting people to spill secrets. That's a problem for Washington,Newspaper article,https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cuba-spy-history-us-1.7124342,"Cuba lies more than 100 kilometres from the nearest slice of the continental United States, but it has managed to keep a close eye on what Uncle Sam is up to for a very long time.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLP2VWK6,2024-02-25,Geoff Nixon,,CBC,2024-02-27T12:06:50Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2608,‘Disinformation on steroids’: is the US prepared for AI’s influence on the election?,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/feb/26/ai-deepfakes-disinformation-election,Robocalls of President Biden confused voters earlier this month – but measures to curb the technology could be too little too late,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YCFCF2P9,2024-02-26T12:00:02.000Z,Rachel Leingang,,The Guardian,2024-02-27T12:06:10Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'MQMHZUFD']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2609,IDF intel. saw Hamas using hundreds of Israeli SIM cards in Gaza before Oct. 7,Newspaper article,https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-788947,The fact that so many Hamas members were switching to Israeli SIM cards could have been strong evidence of a potential invasion.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FQJC2265,2024-02-26,Yonah J. Bob,,The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com,2024-02-27T12:05:31Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2610,We need to be more aware of the spies in our midst,Magazine article,https://www.politico.eu/article/we-need-to-be-more-aware-of-the-spies-in-our-midst/,Knowing about the massive amounts of spying taking place can make one paranoid. But the best antidote to widespread espionage isn’t fear — it’s awareness.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WA5DD7DB,2024-02-27T03:00:00+00:00,Elisabeth Braw,,POLITICO,2024-02-27T12:04:43Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2611,Strategic Use of Communications During the World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119291866973,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9CWLP79F,1992-10-01,Office of Naval Intelligence,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T11:51:29Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/0161-119291866973,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4254813605,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4254813605,,,1992.0,, 2612,"Roosevelt, Magic, and Ultra",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119291866964,"Exhaustive research finds little about what solved German and Japanese intercepts went to President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II and nothing about how he used them. However, a picture is given of Military Intelligence's Special Branch, which selected and edited the intercepts for presentation to the president and other high officials, and of the intercepts' presentation to and reception by the president.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CSKM7PGI,1992-10-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T11:50:40Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119291866964,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2034061376,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034061376,2015.0,2015.0,1992.0,,23.0 2613,An Enigma Chronology,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119391867908,A list of important events in the making and breaking of the German Enigma cipher machine of World War II is given in the order of their occurrences.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DNSXNBXN,1993-07-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T11:48:51Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119391867908,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970987645,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970987645,2015.0,2024.0,1993.0,,22.0 2614,Radio Intelligence and Communication Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119491882775,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G37SZCAG,1994-01-01,J. Halligan,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T11:47:55Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/0161-119491882775,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989268066,0.0,False,,,,1994.0,, 2615,The Breaking of the Japanese Army Administrative Code,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119491882856,"This memoir relates the writer's experience as a Signal Corps cryptanalyst in World War II. The major focus is the effort of the Signal Intelligence Service at Arlington Hall to crack the Japanese Army Administrative Code. The technical operation of the code and the ultimate breakthrough into the indicator system are detailed. The process of decoding and translating messages is described, and the memoir concludes with comments on the influence of cryptanalysis on the prosecution of the war in the Far East.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GCJJFRZ3,1994-07-01,David Mead,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T11:47:01Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119491882856,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982994609,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982994609,2015.0,2015.0,1994.0,,21.0 2616,Ultra and Some U. S. Navy Carrier Operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119591883782,The Ultra background is given to some operations by U. S. Navy escort carriers against U-boats in 1943 and 1944.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3U4Q3E98,1995-01-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T11:46:27Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119591883782,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2000929279,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2000929279,2021.0,2021.0,1995.0,,26.0 2617,Were the Japanese Army Codes Secure?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119591883818,"This essay describes various Imperial Japanese Army code and cipher systems used during World War II. Relying on Japanese and English language sources, it explains the multiple encryption methods employed by the Japanese to achieve radio communications' security. The article identifies specific characteristics of diverse Japanese code systems including the major army and army air force, water transport, military attache, air-ground, weather, and tactical systems. The narrative analyzes Allied cryptanalysts'-accomplishments against these multiple Japanese systems and evaluates reasons for their success or failure. It concludes with an assessment of the overall effectiveness of the precautions taken by the Japanese Army to render its encoded military radio messages unreadable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M4AGE8KP,1995-04-01,Edward J. Drea,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-27T11:45:13Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119591883818,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060153522,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060153522,2015.0,2015.0,1995.0,,20.0 2618,"Espionage, Secrecy, and Institutional Moral Reasoning",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-024-09718-7,"Cecile Fabre’s Through a Glass Darkly offers a compelling account of the ethics of espionage drawn from both interpersonal morality and democratic and cosmopolitan political theory. Yet the spying that her theory finds permissible or prohibited does not map onto the spying that states undertake and that international law either explicitly or implicitly authorizes. That law allows or tolerates significant spying to promote compliance with diverse international legal regimes as well as advance other important public order values — well beyond that allowed under Fabre's theory. This disconnect represents a challenge for her theory and ideal theory generally. This essay identifies these gaps and considers alternative approaches to addressing them. It argues that the political morality of spying should be explored through institutional moral reasoning that takes account of the actual practices, expectations, and institutions that states have created; it then offers a set of criteria for the international political morality of espionage. The essay concludes with a discussion of a key feature of all espionage, namely the secrecy of the methods used — as opposed to their goal of find others’ secrets. International law is both pushing transparency in many areas yet still allowing secret conduct by states, and these practices should also inform a theory of espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M6R2ED2L,2024-02-24,Steven Ratner,,Criminal Law and Philosophy,2024-02-26T23:30:38Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1007/s11572-024-09718-7,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392132662,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392132662,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,,1.0 2619,Identification-imitation-amplification: understanding divisive influence campaigns through cyberspace,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2300933,Cyber-enabled influence campaigns sit at the nexus of intelligence-based deception and strategic-oriented delivered effects. They represent an increasing potential for states to re-configure domestic political dynamics at scale. We offer an analytical construct to better understand the mechanism by which cyber-enabled influence operations work and better discern the strategic goals behind cyber-enabled influence campaigns.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ZY3K33W,2024-02-22,"Jelena Vićić, Richard Harknett",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-26T23:29:50Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2300933,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392049125,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392049125,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2300933?download=true,0.0 2620,Intelligence in international society: An English School perspective on the Five Eyes,Journal article,https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2272951,"Despite the recent prominence of intelligence in post-Ukraine global policy, it is a Cinderella in international relations studies. Using English School (ES) theorisation, we locate intelligence within the constellation of primary and secondary institutions in international society. Through looking at the Five Eyes we explore where intelligence sits within widespread claims of a crisis of the post-1945 liberal international order (LIO) and what role intelligence plays in diplomacy, war, and great power management in the context of shifting global power dynamics. Following major twenty-first century Western intelligence controversies, we argue against raison d’état approaches and for raison de systéme thinking. In the face of claims of a new Cold War between Russia, China and the West, we see an urgency for policymakers in open societies to re-think intelligence from an international society perspective that is realistic and normative, and that pays attention to Global South dynamics. Insulating intelligence from politicisation is more important than ever but does not mean that intelligence is a value-neutral government function.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CLKJLAEY,2024-02-22,John Williams,Durham University,Global Policy,2024-02-26T23:27:24Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2621,Combating disinformation in modern conflict reporting: How international media are using Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) in their coverage of the Russia-Ukraine war,Thesis,https://nla.brage.unit.no/nla-xmlui/handle/11250/3119493,"This thesis examines how international media are using Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) in their coverage of the Russia-Ukraine war. A mixed-methods approach employed conceptual content analysis, and textual analysis to a sample of AP News, BBC News, and Reuters coverage published between 24 February 2022 and 31 December 2022. The results showed that only 38.2% of coverage contained some form of OSINT analysis. In instances where OSINT content was used, the common types of OSINT material analysed included maps, satellite imagery, and visual footage. The most common methods of presenting the analysis included maps, text and images. While the media collaborated with external partners on 47.8% of the analysis, about a quarter was handled in-house, with 26.5% of the analysis sourced externally. The Institute for the Study of War, Maxar Technologies and Planet Labs emerged as the top sources of OSINT analysis, respectively.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YX33696I,2023,Daniel Kudakwashe Mpala,,,2024-02-26T23:25:16Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Master's Thesis,NLA University College,,,,,,,,, 2622,The Book Cipher System of the Wehrmacht,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119591883926,Explanation of an German Army hand cipher system from World War II.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2SE9CY6U,1995-07-01,Michael van der Meulen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:10:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119591883926,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026714567,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026714567,2022.0,2022.0,1995.0,,27.0 2623,Cryptanalysis for Peacetime: Codebreaking and the Birth and Structure of the United Nations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119591883908,This paper examines how the United States used the information it obtained from the confidential diplomatic cable traffic of allies that it intercepted in the six months before and the two months during the conference in San Francisco drafting the charter of the United Nations in 1945 to influence the outcome of that meeting.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5IDSEQXL,1995-07-01,Stephen Schlesinger,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:09:39Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119591883908,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010295849,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010295849,2015.0,2022.0,1995.0,,20.0 2624,A World War II German Army Field Cipher and How We Broke It,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119691884780,This article offers a first-hand account of the breaking of a German medium-grade cipher during Word War II and personal recollections of the process and history.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9RE9TD4A,1996-01-01,Charles David,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:08:29Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119691884780,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994356656,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994356656,2021.0,2022.0,1996.0,,25.0 2625,Werftschlüssel a German Navy Hand Cipher System Part I,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119591884006,"During World War II the German Navy employed not only the Cipher Machine ENIGMA but also a number of hand cipher systems. The peculiar hand system in question here, the “Werftschlssel” though quite unknown to the public provided valuable intelligence for the British and supported the cryptanalysis of naval enigma traffic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BKAUYBSA,1995-10-01,Michael van der Meulen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:08:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119591884006,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042486743,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042486743,2015.0,2022.0,1995.0,,20.0 2626,Werftschlüssel a German Navy Hand Cipher System Part Ii,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119691884771,"During World War II the German Navy employed not only the Cipher Machine ENIGMA but also a number of hand cipher systems. The peculiar hand system in question here, the “Werftschlüssel”, though quite unknown to the public provided valuable intelligence for the British and supported the cryptanalysis of naval enigma traffic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IABUVK43,1996-01-01,Michael van der Meulen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:08:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119691884771,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4253598879,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4253598879,2022.0,2022.0,1996.0,,26.0 2627,Radio Intelligence and Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119791886002,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SBT669SN,1997-10-01,Lieutenant Commander I. W. Comstock,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:58:38Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/0161-119791886002,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010302154,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010302154,2015.0,2015.0,1997.0,,18.0 2628,Italian Diplomatic Cryptanalysis in World War I,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119691884735,"After its entry into the First World War in May 1915, Italy established a cryptanalytic unit to attack the military and diplomatic cryptosystems of other governments. This unit retrospectively solved an Austrian diplomatic system and currently read an American system, but it succeeded mainly against the codes and ciphers of minor powers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EKL877WP,1996-01-01,David Alvarez,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:05:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119691884735,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972757946,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972757946,2015.0,2017.0,1996.0,,19.0 2629,My “Purple” Trip to England in 1941,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119691884906,The United States brings the Purple machine to Britain and gets information in return.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AED78CMP,1996-07-01,Prescott Currier,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:04:54Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119691884906,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059707969,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059707969,2019.0,2019.0,1996.0,,23.0 2630,The Counterfactual History of No Ultra,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119691884997,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GB47ESTZ,1996-10-01,Harry Hinsley,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:04:27Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119691884997,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059912939,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059912939,2015.0,2023.0,1996.0,,19.0 2631,Cobra and Other Bombes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119691884988,"In 1942 the Germans increased the number of rotors in the Enigma Coding Machine used by their Navy from three to four. To break the new codes necessitated development by the Allies of a high-speed “Bombe” with four wheels instead of the three on those already in service. The writer was involved with one such machine, known as Cobra, and this is described in some detail. There are notes about other designs. Aspects of “Bombe” installations and operation at an outstation of Bletchley Park are described.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4LSCGSS,1996-10-01,David Whitehead,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:04:12Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119691884988,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041339624,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041339624,2015.0,2017.0,1996.0,,19.0 2632,The First Naval Enigma Decrypts of World War Ii,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119791885760,"Comments on, and text of, the first naval Enigma decrypts of World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PI26QNUA,1997-01-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:03:41Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119791885760,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2133162099,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2133162099,2014.0,2021.0,1997.0,,17.0 2633,"The Brusa Agreement of May 17, 1943",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119791885742,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VQQUAN84,1997-01-01,John Cary Sims,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:03:13Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119791885742,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082545404,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082545404,2015.0,2025.0,1997.0,,18.0 2634,German Wireless Intercept Organization,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0161-119791885896,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6E7BGJFL,1997-04-01,,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:02:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119791885896,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4248414809,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 2635,British Economic Espionage,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0161-119791885887,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BJJMHC4W,1997-04-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T15:02:25Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/0161-119791885887,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060347975,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060347975,2015.0,2020.0,1997.0,,18.0 2636,Solving Japanese Naval Ciphers 1943–45,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0161-119791885878,"Describes British working procedures in solving Japanese subtractor ciphers at Bletchley Park and at Anderson station, Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Includes notes on JN40, random-number boards, the Japanese language and the writer's backroom contribution to the sinking of a Japanese cruiser.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JIT6FMRV,1997-04-01,Norman Scott,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:59:20Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-119791885878,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059430967,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059430967,2015.0,2015.0,1997.0,,18.0 2637,"Lobsters, Crabs, and the Abwehr Enigma",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119791885904,A variant of the Enigma cryptograph used by the Abwehr (German secret police) before and during WWII is discussed along with several cryptanalytic weaknesses exhibited by the machine.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PEHZJS3N,1997-07-01,C. A. Deavours,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:59:00Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/0161-119791885904,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015670366,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015670366,2014.0,2019.0,1997.0,,17.0 2638,Soviet Comint in the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119891886731,"Soviet communications intelligence came more from bugs and traitors than from cryptanalysis. Successes seem to have helped the USSR's leaders only modestly during the Cold War. During World War II, the Soviets solved what Americans called the Japanese PURPLE machine and captured enough German Enigma machines and key lists to read many German messages. The KGB comint organization consisted of its 16th Directorate, created and headed for years by KGB General Andrei Nicolayevich Andreyev.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UPD6ZC3G,1998-01-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:42:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119891886731,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971923605,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971923605,2015.0,2017.0,1998.0,,17.0 2639,The Road to German Diplomatic Ciphers - 1919 to 1945,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119891886858,"Starting with the German codes and ciphers of World Wax One, this paper deals with the diplomatic ciphers of the Auswärtiges Amt (Foreign Office) after the disaster of the Zimmermann Telegram. The historic background of the Blockverfahren and Grundverfahren developed by the Foreign Office cryptologic branch is presented. Together with a new German diplomatic code book (intended for telegraphic brevity only), both systems emerged soon after World War One as the two main cipher systems of the Auswärtiges Amt. They were hand cipher systems. The Blockverfahren was the first one-time-pad system used by any state. Both systems were regarded so highly that the Auswärtiges Amt was never interested in the Enigma nor in any model of the Siemens & Halske Geheimschreiber T52 (secret writer) for classified correspondence. The only machine cipher adopted was the Lorenz-Schlüsselzusatz 42 (SZ 42), which was used in the Berlin-Madrid diplomatic link and then only for messages classified up to Secret. Messages of the highest security classification Geheime Reichssache (Imperial Secret) were not encrypted with the SZ 42 which reflects the uncertainty of the Foreign Office about the security of the SZ 42.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CQL7E3XP,1998-04-01,Michael van der Meulen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:42:01Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119891886858,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2062616388,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2062616388,2015.0,2022.0,1998.0,,17.0 2640,"BREAKING THE GERMAN WEATHER CIPHERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN DETACHMENT G, 849th SIGNAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICE",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119891886975,"Detachment G, 849th Signal Intelligence Service, a unit comprising 4 officers and 60 enlisted men supported by the 122nd Signal Radio Intelligence Company, working round-the-clock in three 8-hour shifts daily for 22 months, decrypted an average of 10,000 European weather synoptic reports per month enciphered in three German trigram table systems. The 122nd Signal Radio Intelligence Company provided the radio intercept facilities and transmitted the decryptions to all weather stations of the 12th and 15th U. S. Air Forces, the British components of the Mediterranean Air Forces, the U. S. Fifth Army and the U. S. and British Navies operating in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KS9HYBYL,1998-10-01,Paul N. Pfeiffer,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:40:51Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119891886975,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073065313,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073065313,2015.0,2015.0,1998.0,,17.0 2641,"The telegraph, Espionage, and Cryptology in Nineteenth Century Iran",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110191889752,"The telegraph enabled rulers and visiting Englishmen to gather and transmit information about internal and external activities in Iran. Cryptography sought to keep this information secret, but wires were sometimes tapped to gain it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3BA7SGKG,2001-01-01,Michael Rubin,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:34:18Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/0161-110191889752,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2009156160,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009156160,2013.0,2021.0,2001.0,,12.0 2642,Tsarist Codebreaking Some Background and Some Examples,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119891886966,"This article survey the development of codebreaking in Imperial Russia. Focussing on the 19th and early 20th centuries it studies the Russian Foreign Ministry's cabinet noir. It draws on some examples from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire in Moscow, and provides a brief description of the archive.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IV8HVGH9,1998-10-01,David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:40:09Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119891886966,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042646884,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042646884,2015.0,2015.0,1998.0,,17.0 2643,Kriegsmarine Short Signal Systems - and How Bletchley Park Exploited Them,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119991887775,"The principal Kriegsmarine short signal systems, and the way in which Bletch-ley Park used them to break the main naval Enigma ciphers, are described.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y257TZX5,1999-01-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:39:18Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119991887775,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095293323,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095293323,2015.0,2021.0,1999.0,,16.0 2644,The Use of Decrypted German Weather Reports in the Operations of the Fifteenth Air Force Over Europe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119991887955,"German weather reports were decrypted swiftly enough to enable 15th Air Force meteorologists to use them, together with reports from Allied and neutral sources, to predict the rare times of the perfectly clear weather required to bomb targets visually in Central Europe. There was an average of only two suitable days per month and these were barely enough to complete the attacks that neutralized the Luftwaffe in time for D-Day. Without these reports there would have been many futile missions to cloud-covered targets with much loss of lives and planes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IDNE8TBE,1999-10-01,David M. Smith,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:35:59Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119991887955,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064574444,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064574444,2015.0,2015.0,1999.0,,16.0 2645,Closing the Book on Pearl Harbor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190008984236,"Recent attempts to resuscitate well-worn conspiracy theories concerning the Pearl Harbor attack are based on selective reading of documentary evidence and ignore conclusive, recently declassified materials which show that JN-25 and other Japanese naval codes were not being read by U. S. Navy codebreakers prior to the Japanese attack.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U75XTULJ,2000-01-01,Stephen Budiansky,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:35:03Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190008984236,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995444468,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995444468,2015.0,2019.0,2000.0,,15.0 2646,What Did the Sinkov Mission Receive from Bletchley Park?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190008984234,"Lists what the Sinkov Mission received during their visit to Bletchley Park in early 1941, and the information subsequently given by Bletchley to US Navy codebreakers in OP-20-G about naval Enigma. Also considers how far OP-20-G progressed in its attack on Enigma using that information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C4XYGW5W,2000-01-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-26T14:34:04Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190008984234,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4242277284,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242277284,2015.0,2023.0,2000.0,,15.0 2647,"Proximity or Sycophancy? The Relationship between Intelligence and Policy in the Nehruvian Era, 1947–64",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2022.2044695,"Scholars of Intelligence Studies have extensively debated the contours of an ideal relationship between intelligence services and policy making, in which agencies can maintain analytical objectivity while having a policy impact. However, this debate has not meaningfully embraced a geographic expanse covering the Global South. This article, firstly, addresses this by offering a comprehensive analysis of the intelligence–policy relationship in India during the Nehruvian era. Secondly, it draws on the existing scholarly examinations of the global intelligence–policy relationships and argues that ‘proximity’ produces varying results in different decision-making cultures. Thirdly, the article contributes to the literature on contemporary Indian security by examining the impact on Indian intelligence of the relationship between Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and B.N. Mullik, former chief of Indian intelligence and an understudied personality. It challenges the popular perception surrounding Mullik’s ‘sycophancy’ and argues that the decision-making culture that existed during the Nehruvian years demanded greater proximity, subservience and, in the worst case, sycophancy. A cost-benefit analysis presented in the article reveals that there were both pros and cons to the ‘proximity’ factor, with the former being more significant.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W8LM26UA,2022-07-04,Dheeraj Paramesha Chaya,Routledge,South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies,2024-02-26T11:09:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/00856401.2022.2044695,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281872636,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4226975, 2648,The Spy War: How the C.I.A. Secretly Helps Ukraine Fight Putin,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/25/world/europe/cia-ukraine-intelligence-russia-war.html,"For more than a decade, the United States has nurtured a secret intelligence partnership with Ukraine that is now critical for both countries in countering Russia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IW2TJHGP,2024-02-25,"Adam Entous, Michael Schwirtz",,The New York Times,2024-02-26T09:47:31Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2649,"British Intelligence and Propaganda during the 'Confrontation', 1963-1966",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002893,"This study examines the importance of British intelligence and propaganda in the Confrontation with Indonesia. It shows that Britain had access to human and signals intelligence on Indonesia, which influenced British policy and strategy in several ways. In particular, signals intelligence gave London the confidence to launch 'Claret' cross border raids against Indonesia from 1965. The study also reveals that Britain mounted an aggressive propaganda campaign against Indonesia during the Confrontation and especially after an abortive coup attempt in 1965. British propaganda successfully encouraged the army to destroy the Indonesian communist party, remove President Sukarno from power and end the Confrontation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8RICTD76,2001-06-01,David Easter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:55:21Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/714002893,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971050075,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971050075,2013.0,2024.0,2001.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/c97d9810-149b-4582-b5ab-0ae4a87d2a66,12.0 2650,Russian and Soviet Cryptology Iv – Some Incidents in the 1930's,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110191889789,"Soviet comint personnel were active participants in at least Spain, China, and Mongolia during the 1930's. Special Operations Groups of cryptanalysts and comint intercept operators provided assistance to the host governments fighting German, Italian, and Japanese military forces in those countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V8384TAA,2001-01-01,Thomas R. Hammant,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:34:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/0161-110191889789,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2168866004,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2168866004,2015.0,2019.0,2001.0,,14.0 2651,"Russian and Soviet Cryptology Iii – Soviet Comint and the Civil War, 1918–1921",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110191889770,"The importance of radio communications, both in controlling military forces and for purposes of intelligence collection, was recognized from the beginning by the new Soviet leaders in Russia. By January 1919, a radio intelligence service had been established in the Red Army, although shortages of equipment and comint personnel limited its operations during the civil war. Both sides in the civil war suffered from poor communications security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NN8X7G6V,2001-01-01,Thomas R. Hammant,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:34:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/0161-110191889770,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085197524,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 2652,From the Archives Early Corporate Espionage Amid World War I Censorship,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110191889824,"A unique letter from the archives of Cable and Wireless hints that British submarine telegraph cable company officials could and did read commercial traffic passing over their network during World War One. It raises questions about wartime censorship, telegraphic espionage and the use of information contained within cable messages to the commercial advantage of Great Britain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8DE8I7FS,2001-04-01,Jonathan Winkler,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:25:43Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/0161-110191889824,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2112525828,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2112525828,2015.0,2015.0,2001.0,,14.0 2653,"Kim Philby, the American In℡ligence Community, and Op-20-G: The Fox Built the Hen-House and Took the Keys",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110191889815,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A66SBNT5,2001-04-01,Colin Burke,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:25:25Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/0161-110191889815,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089666224,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 2654,Codebreaking with Ibm Machines in World War Ii,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110191889914,"Standard IBM punchcard machines, supplemented by a number of ingenious add-on units developed by U. S. Army and Navy cryptanalysts, played a crucial role in the breaking of Japanese naval and military codes and German and Soviet diplomatic codes during World War II",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LD3QPPVN,2001-10-01,Stephen Budiansky,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:24:47Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110191889914,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024378107,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024378107,2015.0,2019.0,2001.0,,14.0 2655,Colossus and the Breaking of the Wartime “Fish” Codes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110291890740,"One of the authors of the recently released “General Report on Tunny,” here describes his three-year experience as a founder member of the “Testery” and “New-manry” teams. Their combined use of innovative methods and machines led from the breaking of the German Lorenz military traffic to its large-scale daily decipherment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7UNPID3M,2002-01-01,Donald Michie,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:24:32Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-110291890740,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2140357103,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2140357103,2015.0,2024.0,2002.0,,13.0 2656,"Wireless and “Geheimschreiber” Operator in the War, 1941 – 1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110291890786,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GEVV33GS,2002-04-01,"Georg Glünder, Paul Whitaker",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:23:46Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110291890786,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056324704,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056324704,2015.0,2015.0,2002.0,,13.0 2657,Alan M. Turing's Critique of Running Short Cribs on the U. S. Navy Bombe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110391891748,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B9NRGCXW,2003-01-01,Alan M. Turing,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:12:46Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110391891748,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030737075,0.0,False,,,,2003.0,, 2658,Purple Revealed: Simulation and Computer-Aided Cryptanalysis of Angooki Taipu B,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110391891739,"PURPLE was the designation given by U. S. cryptanalysts to the cipher machine used by the Japanese Foreign Office for secure communications before and during WW 2. We present the structure and internal wiring of the machine, as well as details of the keying procedures and a system of abbreviations, which was used in the messages. We have also written a computer simulation of the PURPLE machine. Operation of the simulator is demonstrated by deciphering portions of the 14-part message delivered to the United States on Dec. 7, 1941. Finally, an automated cryptanalysis method for the PURPLE system is presented.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DC5LUL4N,2003-01-01,"Wes Freeman, Geoff Sullivan, Frode Weierud",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:12:33Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110391891739,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023628245,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023628245,2013.0,2024.0,2003.0,,10.0 2659,Soviet Secrets in the Ether - Clandestine Radio Stations at the New York and San Francisco Consulates in World War Ii,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110391891829,"This article details the operation of illegal clandestine radio stations at the Soviet consulates in San Francisco and New York in 1943, the reasons for their establishment, and the American response to them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CVWEL79Q,2003-04-01,James David,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:12:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-110391891829,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090657917,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090657917,2015.0,2023.0,2003.0,,12.0 2660,How Statistics Led the Germans to Believe Enigma Secure and Why They Were Wrong: Neglecting the Practical Mathematics of Cipher Machines,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110391891801,"Only in 1974 did German intelligence and cryptologists admit that the Enigma cipher machine was not, and had not been, a secure system. Throughout World War II, German experts relied on a theoretical statistical security that took neither wartime operational reality nor their opponents' years of attention and attack into account. They ignored the far more important operational weaknesses and human errors that actually provided enemy cryptanalysts with their most valuable entries into the cipher system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B39ZM2BY,2003-04-01,R. A. Ratcliff,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:10:44Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110391891801,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1964713634,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1964713634,2015.0,2024.0,2003.0,,12.0 2661,From the Archives What the Sinkov Mission Brought to Bletchley Park,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110391891793,"This article lists the items brought by the Sinkov Mission to the Government Code and Cypher School, Bletchley Park, in early 1941.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/38WIILJN,2003-04-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:10:05Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110391891793,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2052945409,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052945409,2015.0,2024.0,2003.0,,12.0 2662,Foreknowledge of Pearl Harbor? No!: The Story of the U. S. Navy's Efforts on Jn-25b,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110391891865,"In their revisionist efforts to establish a “foreknowledge” of the planned attack on Pearl Harbor as a basis for suspicions that there was a deliberate failure by high U.S. officials to warn the military commanders in Hawaii, two modern day writers have misinterpreted numerous archival documents to come up with the speculation that the U. S. Navy cryptanalysts at Corregidor may have made a number of complete pre-war JN-25B decrypts of intelligence value. They then bootstrap this questionable camel's nose under the tent into a suggestion that these few highly speculative decrypts must somehow have become the equivalent of the selected 2,413 post-war translations from 25,581 decrypts of pre-war messages despite the vehement testimonies of key Corregidor personnel and official documentation to the contrary. A critical review of these claims and the pertinent documentation shows that essentially no JN-25B decrypts of Intelligence value were achieved pre-war, much less any cryptanalytic information revealing any foreknowledge of the planned attack on Pearl Harbor.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HA2NZ5WN,2003-07-01,Philip H. Jacobsen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:09:24Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110391891865,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2063816282,0.0,False,,,,2003.0,, 2663,Mechanical Cipher Systems in the Spanish Civil War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110491892926,"We present a brief study of the mechanical cipher systems used in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). This research is based on original documents obtained from various archives. We do not address the manual methods of ciphering that were more frequently used in the fighting nor the mechanisms of simple ciphering, methods like the strip cipher, the R cipher or the RF cipher [10]. We make a brief description of the cipher device used by the Nationalist army, more commonly known as the “Clave Norte” or “North Key”.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MK59YUQJ,2004-07-01,José Ramón Soler Fuensanta,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:06:09Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110491892926,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011030412,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011030412,2013.0,2020.0,2004.0,,9.0 2664,Naval Enigma: Seahorse and Other Kriegsmarine Cipher Blunders,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110491892890,"Describes major weaknesses in a naval Enigma cipher codenamed Seahorse, and how it and similar naval Enigma ciphers were solved by US Navy codebreakers during WWII.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X7DAN5YX,2004-07-01,"Ralph Erskine, Philip Marks",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:05:47Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110491892890,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033670131,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033670131,2015.0,2021.0,2004.0,,11.0 2665,Polish Codebreaking During the Russo-Polish War of 1919–1920,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110491892872,"This article discusses the early Polish signals intelligence (SIGINT) and code breaking efforts during the Russo-Polish War of 1919–1920. It emphasizes the factors that favorably influenced the Polish signals intelligence success and its role in victory during the battle at the gates of Warsaw in August 1920. The article also briefs the measures related to signals intelligence, which improved the operational security in the Polish Army during the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KTDRPFY5,2004-07-01,Jan Bury,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T22:05:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110491892872,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985916904,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985916904,2015.0,2024.0,2004.0,,11.0 2666,The Breaking of the Japanese Army's Codes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110491892944,"This memoir relates the writer's experience as a Signal Corps cryptanalyst in World War II. The major foci are the efforts of the Signal Intelligence Service in Australia and at Arlington Hall to solve the Japanese Army's codes. The initial entries into the codes and some of the later efforts to keep these entries going as the Japanese Army made changes are described. It supplements the article by David Mead, “The Breaking of the Japanese Army Administration Code” in the July 1994 issue of Cryptologia, 18(3): 193–203.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VJBZT3ZV,2004-10-01,Joseph E. Richard,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T21:50:00Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110491892944,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971129887,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971129887,2015.0,2017.0,2004.0,,11.0 2667,The Diplomacy of Security: Behind the Negotiations of Article 18 of the Sino-American Cooperative Agreement,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110591893744,"In early February, 1942, Commander M. E. Miles proposed the establishment of a radio intelligence unit in China. His proposal led to the creation of Naval Group China (NGC), the umbrella organization for units that performed weather forecasting, advised and trained Chinese guerillas, and intercepted and analyzed Japanese radio traffic. NGC was part of the Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO). Most of the commitments of China and NGC were formalized on 15 April 1943 with the signing of the Sino-American Cooperative Agreement (SACO). Article 18 required further delicate negotiations between Miles and General Tai Li, head of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (China's secret service). Miles was soon trapped between his commitment to Tai Li and Joseph Wenger's concern that any intercepted traffic shared with the Chinese would quickly become available to the Japanese via insecure Chinese codes. Fleet Radio Unit, China (FRUCHI) resolved this dilemma.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A8EPYV5S,2005-01-01,Lee A. Gladwin,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T21:49:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-110591893744,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045817963,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045817963,2015.0,2015.0,2005.0,,10.0 2668,Germany's First Cryptanalysis on the Western Front: Decrypting British and French Naval Ciphers in World War I,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110591893735,"Beginning in December 1914, staff members of the Bavarian Sixth Army wireless telegraphy command broke into the low-grade cipher system of the Royal Navy and worked their way up to high-grade codes. They also solved two French high-grade codes. In December 1915 a provisional army office was created for the interception and decryption of British naval wireless-telegraphy (w/t) communications. In January 1917, coincidental with the beginning of unrestricted submarine warfare, this unit became a regular army unit.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TE2QV752,2005-01-01,Hilmar-Detlef Brückner,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T21:49:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110591893735,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046266458,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046266458,2016.0,2019.0,2005.0,,11.0 2669,The Polish Enigma Conference and Some Excursions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110591893834,"The city of Bydgoszcz, Poland, held a conference on Enigma in honor of Marian Rejewski, one of the 1932 solvers of that cipher machine who was born and brought up in that industrial city. I then visited several sites in Poland connected with cryptology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F4LXNH83,2005-04-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T21:48:42Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-110591893834,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983002963,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983002963,2015.0,2015.0,2005.0,,10.0 2670,Pearl Harbor: Radio Officer Leslie Grogan of the Ss Lurline and His Misidentified Signals,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-110591893825,"Radio Officer Leslie Grogan of the SS Lurline reported that he heard “unusual” radio signals that he thought were from the Japanese Pearl Harbor Strike Force in four expanding versions. Despite the dismissals of mainstream cryptologic writers, others continue to regurgitate these highly speculative and contradictory accountings to bolster their allegations of advance knowledge of the Japanese plans to attack Pearl Harbor. However, a more critical analysis of Grogan's many conflicting stories clearly shows that the reported signals, at best, were only plain language messages in the Japanese telegraphic code between Yokohama and the huge Japanese commercial fleet that had bunched up in home waters just prior to the initiation of hostilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HH267MUG,2005-04-01,Philip H. Jacobsen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T21:48:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0161-110591893825,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023108599,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023108599,,,2005.0,, 2671,Secret Channel to Berlin: The Masson-Schellenberg Connection and Swiss Intelligence in World War II,Book,https://www.casematepublishers.com/9781932033397/secret-channel-to-berlin/,"This book focuses on the delicate connection between the head of Swiss Intelligence, Colonel Roger Masson, and the German Chief of Espionage, SS General Walter Schellenberg. The author had access to hitherto inaccessible documents, including newly discovered material in American archives, to fully illuminate this secret connection for the first time. The book also includes surprising new details about the alarming military threats Switzerland faced in March 1943. Masson's extraordinary secret channel to Berlin was not, of course, the only Swiss intelligence operation during the war. Braunschweig outlines in detail the gradual buildup, tasks and functions of Swiss Intelligence during World War II. He furthermore describes conflicts between Swiss Intelligence and the Federal government in Bern and within the Intelligence service itself. During World War II, Switzerland was famous as a center of spies and espionage fielded by Allies and Axis alike. Less has been known, however, about Switzerland's own Intelligence activities, including its secret sources in Hitler's councils and its counterespionage program at home. With this intensely researched, scholarly, yet exciting book, that gap in the history of wartime Intelligence operations has been filled. PIERRE-TH. BRAUNSCHWEIG earned a Ph.D. in history from the University of Bern and later served as an assistant to Hans Senn, the Chief of Staff of the Swiss Army. He is a member of the United States Strategic Institute in Washinton DC, the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, and the National Intelligence Study Center in Washington.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N8CKMGTB,2004-09-01,Pierre T. Braunschweig,Casemate Publishers,,2024-02-25T18:27:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2672,Chatter: Dispatches from the Secret World of Global Eavesdropping,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/90834/chatter-by-patrick-radden-keefe/,"How does our government eavesdrop? Whom do they eavesdrop on? And is the interception of communication an effective means of predicting and preventing future attacks? These are some of the questions at the heart of Patrick Radden Keefe’s brilliant new book, Chatter. In the late 1990s, when Keefe was a graduate student in England, he heard stories about an eavesdropping network led by the United States that spanned the planet. The system, known as Echelon, allowed America and its allies to intercept the private phone calls and e-mails of civilians and governments around the world. Taking the mystery of Echelon as his point of departure, Keefe explores the nature and context of communications interception, drawing together fascinating strands of history, fresh investigative reporting, and riveting, eye-opening anecdotes. The result is a bold and distinctive book, part detective story, part travel-writing, part essay on paranoia and secrecy in a digital age. Chatter starts out at Menwith Hill, a secret eavesdropping station covered in mysterious, gargantuan golf balls, in England’s Yorkshire moors. From there, the narrative moves quickly to another American spy station hidden in the Australian outback; from the intelligence bureaucracy in Washington to the European Parliament in Brussels; from an abandoned National Security Agency base in the mountains of North Carolina to the remote Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia. As Keefe chases down the truth of contemporary surveillance by intelligence agencies, he unearths reams of little-known information and introduces us to a rogue’s gallery of unforgettable characters. We meet a former British eavesdropper who now listens in on the United States Air Force for sport; an intelligence translator who risked prison to reveal an American operation to spy on the United Nations Security Council; a former member of the Senate committee on intelligence who says that oversight is so bad, a lot of senators only sit on the committee for the travel. Provocative, often funny, and alarming without being alarmist, Chatter is a journey through a bizarre and shadowy world with vast implications for our security as well as our privacy. It is also the debut of a major new voice in nonfiction.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FPLKVXUW,2006-07-11,Patrick Radden Keefe,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-25T18:24:22Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2673,Pearl Harbor Revisited: U.S. Navy Communications Intelligence 1924–1941,Book,https://www.nsa.gov/portals/75/documents/about/cryptologic-heritage/historical-figures-publications/publications/wwii/pearl_harbor_revisited.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YZXQ2V39,1994,Frederick D. Parker,"Center for Cryptologic History, National Security Agency",,2024-02-25T18:22:29Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2674,"A Priceless Advantage: U.S. Naval Communications Intelligence and the Battles of Coral Sea, Midway, and the Aleutians",Book,https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/13/2002761544/-1/-1/0/PRICELESS_ADVANTAGE.PDF,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XVYS6KUQ,1993,Frederick D. Parker,"Center for Cryptologic History, National Security Agency",,2024-02-25T18:20:57Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2675,Breaking German Army Ciphers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190508951299,"A large number of encrypted German Army radio messages, from 1941 and 1945, have survived the end of the Second World War to the present day. Most of these messages are enciphered on the three-wheel, steckered Wehrmacht Enigma. We present an account of a ciphertext-only cryptanalysis of these messages and give details of the Enigma procedures used in the networks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZE3AVGYQ,2005-07-01,"Geoff Sullivan, Frode Weierud",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:10:03Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190508951299,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981346141,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981346141,2012.0,2022.0,2005.0,,7.0 2676,TELMA—A Polish Wireless Communications Security Machine of World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190500401102,"The article discusses the history of development and use of a Polish wireless communications security machine of World War II, which was designed to send telegraphic messages at high speeds in order to avoid interception by Nazi German signals intelligence (SIGINT). It emphasizes the technological issues related to the design of the unit and the development of high speed keyers in agent radio operations. The article also briefly describes the measures related to signals intelligence, which improved the operational security in the Polish Home Army wireless service during the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/74VFREUX,2006-01-18,Jan Bury,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:09:18Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190500401102,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073903563,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073903563,2015.0,2015.0,2006.0,,9.0 2677,The 1944 Naval BRUSA Agreement and its Aftermath,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190500401086,"Sets out the background to the January 1944 BRUSA Agreement between the US Navy and the British Government Code and Cypher School on Japanese naval codes and ciphers, and subsequent agreements, and their texts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PYXQVXN3,2006-01-18,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:08:55Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190500401086,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072164140,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072164140,2012.0,2025.0,2006.0,,6.0 2678,Breaking of Japanese Naval Codes: Pre-Pearl Harbor to Midway,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190500380074,This is the text of a speech by CAPT Forrest R. “Tex” Biard (Ret) given to the National Cryptologic Museum Foundation on 14 June 2002. It has been edited by our editor David Kahn. We are grateful to Graydon A. Lewis former editor of the Naval Cryptologic Veterans Association publication CRYPTOLOG for bringing this speech to our attention. CRYPTOLOG published a special issue (Volume 10 Number 2 Winter 1989) entitled The Pacific War: Through the Eyes of Forrest R. “Tex” Biard.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9VR7PED9,2006-03-29,Forrest R. Biard,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:08:23Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190500380074,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2005942522,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2005942522,2015.0,2015.0,2006.0,,9.0 2679,The Zimmermann Telegram Revisited: A Reconciliation of the Primary Sources,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190500428634,"A critical examination of the primary sources (some published here for the first time) on the transmission, interception and decryption of the Zimmermann Telegram dispels some long-standing myths and misapprehensions, which are to be traced to inaccuracies in the accounts by the British protagonists in the affair.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SZ9TD8RP,2006-03-29,Peter Freeman,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:08:10Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190500428634,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978354129,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978354129,2013.0,2024.0,2006.0,,7.0 2680,"Did Sigint Seal The Fates of 19,000 POWs?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190600724387,"The discovery of intercepts in the Japanese “Orange Translations” regarding the sinking of merchant ships (marus) bearing allied POWs led to the conclusion that the Joint Intelligence Center Pacific Ocean Area (JICPOA) gave latitudes and longitudes of these vessels to the Commander, Submarine Force, Pacific (ComSubPac) knowing that POWs would be killed. An examination of the “Orange Translations” reveals that most of the intercepts are from the Japanese Water Transport Code (2468) system, not the “Maru Code” (JN-11). The author concludes that while JICPOA provided ComSubPac with convoy coordinates, they were unaware of the presence of POWs on the marus.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DDRDA5UA,2006-09-01,Lee A. Gladwin,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:05:15Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190600724387,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080857111,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080857111,2015.0,2022.0,2006.0,,9.0 2681,The Poles Reveal their Secrets: Alastair Denniston's Account of the July 1939 Meeting at Pyry,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190600920944,"Sets out, with comments, an account by A. G. Denniston (the operational head of the British Government Code and Cypher School in 1939) of the meeting near Pyry, Poland, in July 1939, when Polish cryptanalysts revealed how they broke Enigma, and a letter by Dillwyn Knox on the meeting's outcome.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HM4LF756,2006-12-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:04:39Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190600920944,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017123879,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017123879,2013.0,2023.0,2006.0,,7.0 2682,From the Archives: Codebreaking (or not) in Shanghai,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190601039686,A United States OSS document gives a personal view of the failure of German codebreaking activies in occupied China during World War II.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CTTISFZJ,2007-01-01,Colin Burke,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:03:59Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190601039686,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069820447,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069820447,2015.0,2018.0,2007.0,,8.0 2683,Station AL—Guadalcanal: A Full Service WWII Cryptologic Unit,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190600921124,"Station AL was a small but efficient intercept, direction finder, traffic analysis, cryptanalysis and reporting station that was operational during the early hectic days of World War II. It was established on Guadalcanal amidst the heavy fighting there. Many cryptologic researchers and writers are not even aware that such a facility existed and most have not included it to any degree in their books or articles. Although opportunities were lost due to lack of personnel, equipment and the support of various commands high and low, Station AL achieved many successes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ANCSHDYM,2007-01-01,Philip H. Jacobsen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:03:42Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190600921124,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041383683,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041383683,2015.0,2015.0,2007.0,,8.0 2684,The Punitive Expedition Military Reform and Communications Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190600964264,"In the wake of poor performance in the Spanish-American War, the United States created the basis for a modern military intelligence organization. This included communications intelligence (COMINT). The first major use of the nascent COMINT capability was along the Mexican Border during the Mexican Revolution. When General John Pershing commanded a punitive expedition to chase down Pancho Villa, he took COMINT facilities with him.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZJA8NPSH,2007-01-01,David A. Hatch,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:03:27Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190600964264,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036603640,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036603640,2015.0,2023.0,2007.0,,8.0 2685,Zimmermann Telegram: The Original Draft,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190600921165,"This article presents the original draft of the Zimmermann telegram from 1917 in facsimile. Its various annotations provide interesting insights, such as the idea to promise California to Japan and instructions concerning transmission and encryption. Further documents clarify how the telegram was sent and put various alternatives suggested in the literature to rest. The political background and fallout in Germany are discussed, as well.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X92AJADJ,2007-01-01,Joachim von zur Gathen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:02:50Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/01611190600921165,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071230419,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071230419,2012.0,2024.0,2007.0,,5.0 2686,"Wilhelm Fenner and the Development of the German Cipher Bureau, 1922–1939",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190601038225,"Wilhelm Fenner was the central figure in the evolution of the German Cipher Bureau between 1922 and 1939, and a major personality in the history of German communications intelligence in the interwar period. Under his direction, the Cipher Bureau evolved into a highly professional communications intelligence service, which scored impressive cryptanalytic successes against the diplomatic and military systems of many countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/25TVXFJT,2007-03-28,David Alvarez,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:02:25Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/01611190601038225,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077881181,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077881181,2012.0,2024.0,2007.0,,5.0 2687,Radio Silence of the Pearl Harbor Strike Force Confirmed Again: The Saga of Secret Message Serial (SMS) Numbers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190701313940,"By analyzing all the available Secret Message Serial (SMS) numbers originated by the Japanese CinC 1st Air Fleet, it is clear that no messages were sent by radio during the formation of the Strike Force or during its transit to Hawaii. It was not until the attack on Pearl Harbor had commenced that radio transmissions began. The Strike Force maintained strict radio silence and thus there was no Allied foreknowledge of the attack through radio communications-despite revisionist claims to the contrary.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5Z2WCXPK,2007-07-05,Philip H. Jacobsen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T18:01:33Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/01611190701313940,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2119400114,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 2688,Thirty Secret Years: A.G. Denniston's work in signals intelligence 1914-1944,Book,,"Thirty Secret Years reveals how an enterprising Scottish linguist was able to decipher German naval messages in the Admiralty in World War One. Alastair Denniston became head of the British government’s cabinet noir or cipher-breaking bureau in 1919, developed his team of fellow experts between the wars by spying on the Soviets from Whitehall. In 1939 he went on to lead an enlarged body of secret service men and women to Bletchley Park where they solved the vast problems of machine encipherment, enabling Churchill to avoid defeat in 1941 and invade Western Europe in June 1944. It is the story of how one man, working in obscurity and total secrecy, influenced the course of world history over 30 years of war and peace, told by his son.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CVCHR2G7,2017-12-04,Robin Denniston,Polperro Heritage Press,,2024-02-25T18:00:07Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2689,From the Archives: The U.S. and West German Agent Radio Ciphers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190701578104,The translation of an in-house research paper of the communist Polish counterintelligence depicting the ciphers and the one-way radio communications patterns used by the U.S. and West German intelligence services against Poland in the 1960s and early 1970s is presented.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A4DFVAY2,2007-10-08,Jan Bury,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T17:59:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/01611190701578104,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2104402007,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2104402007,2012.0,2023.0,2007.0,,5.0 2690,From the Archives: Intercepting Best Friend?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190701743609,A former communist Polish SIGINT document reveals the scope of radio interception from the Middle East.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XPBW7UWH,2008-01-10,Jan Bury,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T17:58:15Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190701743609,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997454134,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997454134,2015.0,2015.0,2008.0,,7.0 2691,Voices of the Code Breakers: Personal Accounts Of The Secret Heroes Of World War Ii,Book,,"This title offers a comprehensive look at the undercover war, revealing just how much of Wwii was won away from the battlefields and how each side desperately tried to get into the 'mind set' of their enemies' code makers. From the British cryptologists to the Navajo Indians whose codes helped win the war against Japan, this book reveals the stories of extraordinary people and their chance finds, lucky accidents, dogged determination and moments of sheer brilliance, to expose how the war was really won. It includes an intriguing glimpse of the early history of the computer - its spectacular uses and subsequent development. It features vivid first-hand accounts from the staff of Bletchley Park, French and Dutch resistance fighters, the American secret agents and members of the Services Liaison Unit who passed on vital coded information to field commanders. It also includes a 16 page plate section with rare archive photographs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K4VWMT4G,2007-05-04,Ph D. Emmanuel Pereira,David & Charles,,2024-02-25T17:56:31Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2692,"From the Archives: The Last Bombe Run, 1955",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190802113777,A declassified document confirms that the United States' 1943/4 Bombes continued to be used against the German's Enigma encryption device until at least 1955.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EGFSBDBL,2008-07-07,Colin Burke,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T17:55:20Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/01611190802113777,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968622687,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968622687,2015.0,2026.0,2008.0,,7.0 2693,Captured Kriegsmarine Enigma Documents at Bletchley Park,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190802088318,"This paper lists Enigma-related Kriegsmarine documents captured by the British during the Second World War and describes the formation and functions of Naval Section VI, which dealt with captured documents in the British Government Code and Cypher School.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8S23L5D9,2008-07-07,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T17:54:57Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190802088318,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050733438,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050733438,2015.0,2021.0,2008.0,,7.0 2694,From the Archives: Inside a Cold War Crypto Cell. Polish Cipher Bureau in the 1980s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190802319036,A late Cold War document depicting the Polish Ministry of Interior Cipher Bureau's organization and duties is presented.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JQBP9QK8,2008-10-02,Jan Bury,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T17:54:32Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190802319036,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050380764,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050380764,2012.0,2020.0,2008.0,,4.0 2695,The 1942 Reorganization of the Government Code and Cypher School,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190802114411,"This paper analyses the organization of the Government Code and Cypher School (GC & CS) at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. The complexities and peculiarities of the organization are overviewed and a periodization provided. The main focus is on the pivotal 1942 reorganization, which is explained in terms of the changing scale of GC & CS following the successful attack on the Enigma machine cipher, and in terms of organizational politics. The more minor 1944 reorganization is also described.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/75JS9ZPT,2008-10-02,"Christopher Grey, Andrew Sturdy",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T17:54:15Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190802114411,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996974280,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996974280,2012.0,2018.0,2008.0,,4.0 2696,The U.S. Intelligence Community,Book,https://www.routledge.com/The-US-Intelligence-Community/Richelson/p/book/9780813349183,"The role of intelligence in US government operations has changed dramatically and is now more critical than ever to domestic security and foreign policy. This authoritative and highly researched book written by Jeffrey T. Richelson provides a detailed overview of America's vast intelligence empire, from its organizations and operations to its management structure. Drawing from a multitude of sources, including hundreds of official documents, The US Intelligence Community allows students to understand the full scope of intelligence organizations and activities, and gives valuable support to policymakers and military operations. The seventh edition has been fully revised to include a new chapter on the major issues confronting the intelligence community, including secrecy and leaks, domestic spying, and congressional oversight, as well as revamped chapters on signals intelligence and cyber collection, geospatial intelligence, and open sources. The inclusion of more maps, tables and photos, as well as electronic briefing books on the book's Web site, makes The US Intelligence Community an even more valuable and engaging resource for students.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FS46CNKP,2015-08-04,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,,2024-02-25T17:51:22Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2697,Breaking Unbreakable Ciphers. The Asen Georgiyev Spy Case,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190802319093,"The article discusses a Cold War spy case involving a Bulgarian national according to the documents preserved at the Polish Institute of National Remembrance. It details the modus operandi of both the US and Eastern Block secret services and the mistakes committed by both parties, which led to an agent's disclosure. The article also details measures and conclusions drawn by the Eastern Block services in the aftermath of the case.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5N79C4XQ,2009-01-27,Jan Bury,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T17:50:05Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190802319093,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064291881,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064291881,2015.0,2017.0,2009.0,,6.0 2698,Decoding The IRA,Book,https://www.mercierpress.ie/irish-books/decoding_the_ira/,"A ground breaking history of the 1920s Irish Republican Army (IRA) based on the authors' cracking of the organization's secret communications code. The result is a fascinating - and at times unsettling - account of the IRA's best-kept secrets: the secret 1925 agreement with the Soviet Union, military espionage in America, plans for a gas attack on Dublin, attempts to provide military assistance to Chinese nationalists and much more. Decoding the IRA provides a unique insight into what was one of the most innovative and important revolutionary organizations of the twentieth century. This book will lead to a re-evaluation of the IRA and its methods. It also reveals the IRA's espionage for the Soviet Union, which posed a hitherto unrecognized threat to the security of the United States. The research is meticulous and the writing lucid and even handed. Codebreaker and co-author, James Gillogly, gives a step-by step account of his strategy and techniques in breaking the IRA's code and revealing the contents of hundreds of secret documents. Several of these are reproduced in the book, along with Gillogly's decryptions. The book will be of interest to both the historian and the broader public, particularly those with an interest in revolutionary organizations and the world of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XRKWXGV7,2008,"Thomas Mahon, Jim Gillogly",Mercier Press,,2024-02-25T17:29:38Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2699,Ultra Versus U-Boats: Enigma Decrypts in The National Archives,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Ultra-Versus-U-Boats-Hardback/p/1814,"Keeping the Atlantic sea-lanes open was a vital factor in the fight against Nazi Germany. In the battle to protect merchant shipping from the menace of surface raiders and U-boats, Allied resolve and resources were tested to the utmost. The story of the extraordinary measures that were taken to combat the threat, at sea and in the air, has often been told. But there is one crucial element in this prolonged campaign that has still not been fully appreciated - the role of code-breaking, in particular the decryption of secret signals transmitted by German Enigma machines. And this is the focus of Roy Nesbit's fascinating new account of the Battle of the Atlantic. Using previously unpublished decrypts of U-boat signals, selected from the National Archives, along with historic wartime photographs, he tells the stories of the individual U-boats and describes their fate. Their terse signals reveal, perhaps move vividly than conventional communications could do, the desperate plight of the U-boatmen as they struggled against increasingly effective Allied countermeasures that eventually overwhelmed them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TB74TDGU,2008-12-03,Roy C. Nesbit,Pen and Sword,,2024-02-25T17:27:43Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2700,The Shadow Factory: The Ultra-Secret NSA from 9/11 to the Eavesdropping on America,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/8095/the-shadow-factory-by-james-bamford/,"James Bamford has been the preeminent expert on the National Security Agency since his reporting revealed the agency’s existence in the 1980s. Now Bamford describes the transformation of the NSA since 9/11, as the agency increasingly turns its high-tech ears on the American public. The Shadow Factory reconstructs how the NSA missed a chance to thwart the 9/11 hijackers and details how this mistake has led to a heightening of domestic surveillance. In disturbing detail, Bamford describes exactly how every American’s data is being mined and what is being done with it. Any reader who thinks America’s liberties are being protected by Congress will be shocked and appalled at what is revealed here.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DKL5K2IM,2009-07-14,James Bamford,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-25T17:26:07Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2701,"Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and Holocaust, 1939–1945",Book,https://store.doverpublications.com/products/9780486310442,"This recent government publication investigates an area often overlooked by historians: the impact of the Holocaust on the Western powers' intelligence-gathering community. A guide for researchers rather than a narrative study, it explains the archival organization of wartime records accumulated by the U.S. Army's Signal Intelligence Service and Britain's Government Code and Cypher School. In addition, it summarizes Holocaust-related information intercepted during the war years and deals at length with the fascinating question of how information about the Holocaust first reached the West. The guide begins with brief summaries of the history of anti-Semitism in the West and early Nazi policies in Germany. An overview of the Allies' system of gathering communications intelligence follows, along with a list of American and British sources of cryptologic records. A concise review of communications intelligence notes items of particular relevance to the Holocaust's historical narrative, and the book concludes with observations on cryptology and the Holocaust. Numerous photographs illuminate the text.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YYSUII5N,2013-03-13,Robert Hanyok,Dover Publications,,2024-02-25T17:24:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2702,E.S.Schieber German Code Device from WWII,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190903225942,"The E.S.Schieber was a German WWII code device used for ordering recognition signals between naval vessels [Identification Friend or Foe (IFF)]. It was part of a whole system of naval recognition regulations, in German Erkennungsdienst.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9LP9GKPV,2009-12-23,Niels Faurholt,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T17:22:31Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190903225942,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972945761,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972945761,2022.0,2022.0,2009.0,,13.0 2703,How I Discovered World War II's Greatest Spy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190903385019,The author tells how he discovered the name of World War II's greatest spy even though the original source did not want to reveal it.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6BC282VA,2009-12-23,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T17:22:17Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/01611190903385019,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083872127,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083872127,2015.0,2023.0,2009.0,,6.0 2704,The Secret Sentry: The Untold History of the National Security Agency,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/secret-sentry-9781608191796/,"In February of 2006, Matthew Aid's discovery of a massive secret historical document reclassification program then taking place at the National Archives made the front page of the New York Times. This discovery is only the tip of the iceberg of Aid's more than twenty years of intensive research, culled from thousands of pages of formerly top secret documents. In The Secret Sentry, he details the untold history of America's most elusive and powerful intelligence agency, the National Security Agency (NSA), since the end of World War II. This will be the first comprehensive history of the NSA, most recently in the news with regards to domestic spying, and will reveal brand new details about controversial episodes including the creation of Israel, the Bay of Pigs, the Berlin Wall, and the invasion of Iraq. Since the beginning of the Cold War, the NSA has become the most important source of intelligence in the US government: 60% of the president's daily briefing comes from the NSA. Matthew Aid will reveal just how this came to be, and why the NSA has gone to such great lengths to keep its history secret.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RJBCDRX2,2009-07-01,Matther A. Aid,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-25T17:20:31Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2705,Ultra Reveals a Late B-Dienst Success in the Atlantic,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2010.485412,"This paper describes a B-Dienst success in solving signals using a British code used by merchant ships (the Merchant Ships' Code (Mersigs II)) in late 1943, despite only having a depth of two; it also relates the history of the Mersigs II system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K5EPPTW4,2010-09-21,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T16:41:46Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2010.485412,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994381148,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994381148,2015.0,2021.0,2010.0,,5.0 2706,"Enigma Message Procedures Used by the Heer, Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2010.486257,"This paper is an effort to merge existing information about the message procedures, the enciphering methods and the required documents used with the German Enigma cipher machine by the German Heer (Army), Luftwaffe (Air Force) and Kriegsmarine (Wartime Navy) during the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6C2892BV,2010-09-21,Dirk Rijmenants,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T16:41:20Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2010.486257,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072933174,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072933174,2017.0,2021.0,2010.0,,7.0 2707,Spanish Enigma: A History of the Enigma in Spain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2010.485414,"The presentation of a brief study of the use of Enigma Machines in Spain, during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and later, until their final replacement.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T2V5UDYN,2010-09-21,"José Ramón Soler Fuensanta, Francisco Javier López-Brea Espiau, Frode Weierud",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T16:22:14Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2010.485414,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2113446244,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2113446244,2013.0,2021.0,2010.0,,3.0 2708,Secret Keeping 101—Dr. Janice Martin Benario and the Women's College Connection to ULTRA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2010.533255,"In 1942, the United States Navy recognized that in the ranks of newly-enlisted WAVES lay the potential for much-needed assistance in processing German Navy Enigma messages that had been intercepted and deciphered. This is the improbable story of one of those WAVES.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QQIKWUIG,2010-12-27,Robert Edward Lewand,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T16:21:20Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2010.533255,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971029316,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971029316,2015.0,2022.0,2010.0,,5.0 2709,The Bletchley Park Codebreakers,Book,https://www.bitebackpublishing.com/books/the-bletchley-park-codebreakers,"The British codebreakers at Bletchley Park are now believed to have shortened the duration of the Second World War by up to two years. During the dark days of 1941, as Britain stood almost alone against the the Nazis, this remarkable achievement seemed impossible. This extraordinary book, originally published as Action This Day, includes descriptions by some of Britain’s foremost historians of the work of Bletchley Park, from the breaking of Enigma and other wartime codes to the invention of modern computing, and its influence on Cold War codebreaking. Crucially, it features personal reminiscences and very human stories of wartime codebreaking from former Bletchley Park codebreakers themselves. This edition includes new material from one of those who was there, making The Bletchley Park Codebreakers compulsive reading. All royalties from this book will go to the Bletchley Park trust. The best collection of military, espionage, and adventure stories ever told. The Dialogue Espionage Classics series began in 2010 with the purpose of bringing back classic out-of-print spying and espionage tales. From WWI and WWII to the Cold War, D-Day to the SOE, Bletchley Park to the Comet Line this fascinating spy history series brings you the best stories that should never be forgotten.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7V2GXMQK,2011-01-20,"Ralph Erskine, Michael Smith",Biteback Publishing,,2024-02-25T16:13:50Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2710,Keith Batey and John Herivel: Two Distinguished Bletchley Park Cryptographers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2011.595623,"An appreciation of Keith Batey and John Herivel, two of the distinguished cryptographers who worked in Bletchley Park during WWII. In part this is based upon the author's privileged long standing association with both of them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/96M9RBFC,2011-07-01,Frank Carter,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T16:11:25Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2011.595623,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2111260546,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2111260546,2015.0,2015.0,2011.0,,4.0 2711,Summary Report of the State of the Soviet Military Sigint in November 1942 Noticing “ENIGMA”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2011.559790,"The problem of when the Russians started to read the German cipher machine ENIGMA still remains unsolved. A Russian document presented recently in a history of the GRU in the time of the Great patriotic War offers a new light on the problem. In November 1942 the Russians were able to begin reading ENIGMA on a daily basis and were thinking about automating the process. We do not know if incorporating the GRU cryptanalysts in the parallel section of the NKVD helped in the brilliant defeat of the Germans during the “Uran” and “Saturn” operations at Stalingrad, but we suppose so. The Russian solution of the ENIGMA ciphers could be linked with the traitors working at Station X (Bletchley Park) and in Military Intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8VWIA7N,2011-07-01,Zdzisław J. Kapera,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T16:10:47Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2011.559790,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081920679,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081920679,2015.0,2015.0,2011.0,,4.0 2712,Secret Days: Codebreaking in Bletchley Park,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Secret-Days-Paperback/p/10872,"The Bletchley Park memoir of Lord ASA Briggs will be one of the most important documents to be published in 2010. Lord Briggs has long been regarded as one of Britain's most important historians. He has never, however, written about his time at Bletchley Park. The publication, which will coincide with Lord Briggs 90th birthday, is a meticulously researched account of life in Hut Six, written by a codebreaker who worked there for five years alongside Alan Turing and Gordon Welchman. In addition to discussing the progress of the Allies'code-breaking efforts and their impact on the war, Lord Briggs considers what the Germans knew about Bletchley and how they reacted to revelatory memoirs about the Enigma machine which were not published until the 1970s. Briggs himself did not tell his wife about his wartime career until the 1970s and his parents died without ever knowing their son's contribution to the wartime effort. The book will be launched at Bletchley in May 2011, in the presence of other Hut 6 veterans and part of the proceeds will be donated to the fund to restore Hut 6 to its former glory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YFC3DE5V,2015-07-06,Asa Briggs,Frontline Books,,2024-02-25T14:51:32Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2713,The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park Codebreakers Helped Win the War,Book,https://www.bitebackpublishing.com/books/the-secrets-of-station-x,"The astonishing story of how the British codebreakers of Bletchley Park cracked the Nazi Enigma cyphers, cutting an estimated two years off the Second World War, never ceases to amaze. No one is better placed to tell that story than Michael Smith, whose number one bestseller Station X was one of the earliest accounts. Using recently released secret files, along with personal interviews with many of the codebreakers themselves, Smith now provides the definitive account of everything that happened at Bletchley Park during the war, from breaking the German, Italian and Japanese codes to creating the world’s first electronic computer. The familiar picture of Bletchley Park is of eccentric elderly professors breaking German codes, but in fact the vast majority of people who worked at Bletchley Park were young women. For them and for the young graduates plucked from Britain’s best universities who did the bulk of the day-to-day codebreaking, this was truly the time of their lives. The Secrets of Station X tells their story in full, providing an enthralling account of one of the most remarkable British success stories of all time.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6R976AXB,2011-08-11,Michael Smith,Biteback Publishing,,2024-02-25T14:48:59Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2714,A Cryptanalysis Service During the Spanish Civil War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2012.687428,This article gives a brief study of the Zaragoza Cryptanalysis Service during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) based on the notes and letters from one of the finest cryptologists of the Spanish Civil War.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8FJUDMY,2012-07-01,"J. Ramón Soler Fuensanta, Francisco Javier López-Brea Espiau, Diego Navarro Bonilla",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T14:45:36Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2012.687428,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041224169,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041224169,2015.0,2020.0,2012.0,,3.0 2715,Polish Cold War Codebreaking of 1959–1989: A Preliminary Assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2012.713804,"This article is an attempt to assess the broad scope of communist Polish code breaking during the middle and late periods of the Cold War. Based on the recently released documents available now at the Polish Institute of National Remembrance, it portrays the ‘civilian’ intelligence codebreaking section's achievements and challenges, particularly between 1959 and 1989. The text suggests numerous successes of communist Polish codebreakers in defeating cryptosystems used by various European and non-European countries, particularly the Hagelin CX-52, and details the possible methods and tools utilized by Cold War Poles that facilitated the exploits. It proves that even a country with limited resources from behind the Iron Curtain can easily defeat strong cryptography.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y9CQCV4F,2012-10-01,Jan Bury,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T14:01:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2012.713804,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095309625,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095309625,2015.0,2017.0,2012.0,,3.0 2716,Secret Postings: Bletchley Park to the Pentagon,Book,,"* New Extended Edition to be Published 2023.*Publication of this edition has ceased in preparation of a new edition coming May 2023 in celebration of Betty's 100th Birthday. Betty's war-time story at Bletchley Park and the Pentagon has been substantially extended.In 1941 Charlotte Vine-Stevens (Betty) left her domestic science college course and volunteered for the Auxiliary Territorial Army (ATS), the Womens’ Army. Like many 18-year-olds, she was eager to do her bit for the war effort. After all, anything would be better than cooking up lack-lustre dinners using rationed goods. Betty threw herself into basic training, and after a career aptitude test, she found herself at Euston Station with her kit bag, a travel warrant in her pocket and instructions to get off the train at Bletchley Station. It was once an Army officer pushed the Official Secrets Act across the desk in an office within Bletchley Park’s mansion house and asked her to sign did she realise she was going to be part of something secret. Between 1941 and 1945 Charlotte worked at the Government Code & Cypher school’s code breaking operation at Bletchley Park. At first Charlotte worked with Major Ralph Tester on the first floor of the mansion where she registered details of undeciphered German Enigma messages on index cards. Later she moved to the Japanese Section in Block F to paraphrase deciphered Japanese messages.In 1945, while other members of the forces return home after the war in Europe, Charlotte flew to America to carry out the same paraphrasing duties at The Pentagon. It was a war time adventure that changed Charlotte's outlook on life forever and has earned her an MBE.Secret Postings is a personal memoir following Charlotte's life from a childhood in rural Shropshire to a turbulent and oppressive pre-war Germany, and a Second World War adventure at Bletchley Park, the Pentagon and beyond.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IS2ETAJF,2014-10-11,Charlotte Webb,BookTower Publishing,,2024-02-25T13:58:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2717,Room 47: The Persian Prelude to the Zimmermann Telegram,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2012.739586,"During the First World War, Persia was the scene of early British cryptanalytical successes against German diplomatic codes and ciphers under the auspices of Room 47 (one of the suite of rooms which for convenience have been listed under “Room 40 OB” or the Old Building of the British Admiralty in London). It is the contention of this article, based on newly discovered archival material, that there is a strong, and previously undetected link with the Zimmermann Telegram, which David Kahn has called “the greatest intelligence coup of all time.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZVQTDUHB,2013-01-01,Saul Kelly,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:57:43Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2012.739586,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976157654,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976157654,2015.0,2020.0,2013.0,,2.0 2718,"Decoding Organization: Bletchley Park, Codebreaking and Organization Studies",Book,"https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/management/organisation-studies/decoding-organization-bletchley-park-codebreaking-and-organization-studies, https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/management/organisation-studies","How was Bletchley Park made as an organization? How was signals intelligence constructed as a field? What was Bletchley Park's culture and how was its work co-ordinated? Bletchley Park was not just the home of geniuses such as Alan Turing, it was also the workplace of thousands of other people, mostly women, and their organization was a key component in the cracking of Enigma. Challenging many popular perceptions, this book examines the hitherto unexamined complexities of how 10,000 people were brought together in complete secrecy during World War II to work on ciphers. Unlike most organizational studies, this book decodes, rather than encodes, the processes of organization and examines the structures, cultures and the work itself of Bletchley Park using archive and oral history sources. Organization theorists, intelligence historians and general readers alike will find in this book a challenge to their preconceptions of both Bletchley Park and organizational analysis. The first social scientific account of Bletchley Park by one of the leading figures in organization studies Proposes a distinctive approach to organization studies that will appeal to those dissatisfied with current thinking Offers a detailed historical case study that challenges many popular preconceptions and myths",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4E7IY4L4,2012-03-01,Christopher Grey,Cambridge University Press,,2024-02-25T13:56:24Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2719,Revealing Secrets in Two Wars: The Spanish Codebreakers at PC Bruno and PC Cadix,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2013.797048,This article describes a brief study of the involvement and identity of Spanish cryptanalysts who worked for the French in the Second World War at the PC Bruno and PC Cadix groups.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2Y28KMVP,2013-07-03,"José Ramón Soler Fuensanta, Francisco Javier López-Brea Espiau, Diego Navarro Bonilla",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:55:21Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2013.797048,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002484363,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002484363,2015.0,2021.0,2013.0,,2.0 2720,Hitler's Codebreakers: German Signals Intelligence in World War 2,Book,,TICOM - Target Intelligence committee: An Anglo-American organisation set up in 1944 whose cover name disguised its real purpose - to seek out German Sigint staff for interrogation. Mission: Send British and American codebreaking teams to find out just how successful their German counterparts had been.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5J4L4KKF,2012-03-20,John Jackson,BookTowerPublishing,,2024-02-25T13:50:13Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2721,Pinpointing the Mark: On the Cold War SIGINT Capability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2014.885802,"This article discusses a 1961 East German Stasi operation, which culminated in detecting a West German agent. It emphasizes the capabilities of Cold War signals intelligence in counterintelligence work. The material also briefs the measures related to operational security of the assets.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DSXRK2Z5,2014-04-03,Jan Bury,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:47:39Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2014.885802,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987268904,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987268904,2015.0,2023.0,2014.0,,1.0 2722,The History of Traffic Analysis: World War I—Vietnam,Book,https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/13/2002761879/-1/-1/0/TRAFFIC_ANALYSIS.PDF,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UFX7359Y,2013,"Donald A. Borrmann, William T. Kvetkas, Charles V. Brown, Michael J. Flatley, Robert Hunt","Center for Cryptologic History, National Security Agency",,2024-02-25T13:44:00Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2723,From the Archives: Colonel Butler's Satire of Bletchley Park,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2014.915258,"This research article explains the meaning and significance of a single archive document. The document is a satire of the organization of signals intelligence at Bletchley Park in the Second World War. It was written by Colonel Butler, the head of MI8, in 1940 and contains coded criticisms of this organization, which are explained.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2MADLY6Z,2014-07-03,Christopher Grey,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:42:52Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2014.915258,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976124586,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976124586,2015.0,2015.0,2014.0,,1.0 2724,The Bletchley Park Codebreakers in Their Own Words,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Bletchley-Park-Codebreakers-in-Their-Own-Words-Hardback/p/21313,"'A fascinating anthology which sheds new light on the Bletchley Park story and shows that there is still more to tell.' - Tony Comer OBE, formerly Departmental Historian at GCHQ This important volume tells the story of Bletchley Park through countless letters written by key players to former colleagues and loved ones as the war unfolded. Having intercepted millions of German communications, the codebreakers had felt bound by the Official Secrets Act and said little about their wartime activities. Some who had stayed on at GCHQ after the war, were concerned that speaking out could jeopardise their pensions.Over one hundred letters have been included in this volume and have either been recovered from family members or declassified by GCHQ. They reveal fresh information about the clandestine operation and disclose the true feelings of the participants at Bletchley.Park. In contrast to early accounts, which lacked detail and were occasionally inaccurate, this book thoroughly lays bare the day-to-day experiences at Bletchley Park and uncovers the operational and technical reasons behind the organisation's successes and failures. Simultaneously intimate and comprehensive, it will interest historians, World War II researchers, and anyone who wants to learn the secrets of Britain's signal intelligence effort.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VCFA7S4P,2022-10-04,Joel Greenberg,Frontline Books,,2024-02-25T13:41:03Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2725,Gordon Welchman: Bletchley Park's Architect of Ultra Intelligence,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Gordon-Welchman-Paperback/p/12851,"'A magnificent biography which finally provides recognition to one of Bletchley's and Britain's lost heroes.' Michael Smith The Official Secrets Act and the passing of time have prevented the Bletchley Park story from being told by many of its key participants. Here at last is a book which allows some of them to speak for the first time. Gordon Welchman was one of the Parks most important figures. Like Turing, his pioneering work was fundamental to the success of Bletchley Park and helped pave the way for the birth of the digital age. Yet, his story is largely unknown to many. His book, The Hut Six Story, was the first to reveal not only how they broke the codes, but how it was done on an industrial scale. Its publication created such a stir in GCHQ and the NSA that Welchman was forbidden to discuss the book or his wartime work with the media. In order to finally set the record straight, Bletchley Park historian Joel Greenberg has drawn on Welchmans personal papers and correspondence with wartime colleagues which lay undisturbed in his sons loft for many years. Packed with fascinating new insights, this is essential reading for anyone interested in the clandestine activities at Bletchley Park.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BTTIP896,2017-02-02,Joel Greenberg,Frontline Books,,2024-02-25T13:39:00Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2726,The Secret Listeners: The Men and Women Posted Across the World to Intercept the German Codes for Bletchley Park,Book,https://www2.quartoknows.com/books/9781781310793/The-Secret-Listeners.html,"Behind the celebrated code-breaking at Bletchley Park lies another secret…The men and women of the ‘ Y’ (for Wireless’ ) Service were sent out across the world to run listening stations from Gibraltar to Cairo, intercepting the German military’s encrypted messages for decoding back at the now-famous Bletchley Park mansion. Such wartime postings were life-changing adventures – travel out by flying boat or Indian railways, snakes in filing cabinets and heat so intense the perspiration ran into your shoes - but many of the secret listeners found lifelong romance in their far-flung corner of the world. Now, drawing on dozens of interviews with surviving veterans, Sinclair McKay tells their remarkable story at last.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZIVBZN5G,2013-07-04,Sinclair McKay,Aurum Press Ltd,,2024-02-25T13:36:11Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2727,Enigma Wiring Data: Interpreting Allied Conventions from World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2014.915263,"This article explores conventions used by the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) in Britain and the U.S. Navy's OP-20-G in the United States to describe and correct Enigma wiring data recovered cryptanalytically during World War II. Examples are presented and analyzed using wiring information for several machines attacked by the ISK (Intelligence Services–Knox) section of GC&CS and by Unit 387 (the cryptanalytic unit of the United States Coast Guard, absorbed into the U.S. Navy's OP-20-G during the war).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3XLCCUDS,2015-01-02,Philip Marks,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:35:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/01611194.2014.915263,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999816873,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999816873,2015.0,2022.0,2014.0,,1.0 2728,A Historical Survey of Romanian Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2015.1009746,"Writing a survey of Romanian espionage is a challenge because the information is sensitive and therefore of limited availability, especially when dealing with the codes and ciphers. The history of Romanian espionage begins with opposing sides intercepting messengers and letters, and proceeds chronologically to the most sophisticated mathematical methods of encryption and decryption. This article aims to capture the essential ingredients of the evolution of espionage in Romania, with emphasis on the Romanian contribution to the development of espionage, and to discuss both the benefits and disservices that espionage has brought to various groups, countries, and all of humanity. There is one certainty regarding this information: The push to develop more efficient methods of espionage has substantially contributed to the advancement of science and technology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4PZL67WD,2015-04-03,"Lavinia Corina Ciungu, David Kahn",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:34:01Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/01611194.2015.1009746,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1967451261,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 2729,States by secrecy: Cryptography and guerrillas in the Spanish Civil War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2015.1028687,"The Spanish Civil War revitalized a type of unconventional struggle that had already been seen for centuries in different conflicts in the Iberian Peninsula: guerrilla warfare. According to the new times, this kind of struggle was conditioned by a need for coordination and maintenance of the secrecy of operations performed. The systems used by the guerrillas to protect their communications have not been studied in detail. This is a brief study of the cipher methods used by the republican guerrillas, the most important and numerous in this fight, in the Spanish Civil War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4AKQUA4V,2016-03-03,"José Ramón Soler Fuensanta, Vicente Guasch Portas",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:22:23Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/01611194.2015.1028687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2276869437,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 2730,Ludwig Föppl: A Bavarian cryptanalyst on the Western front,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2015.1084960,"Germany’s codebreaking efforts during World War I remain largely unrecorded. Previous analysis of the Bavarian Sixth Army’s efforts to decipher Royal Navy ciphers revealed the central role played by Ludwig Föppl, who subsequently became one of Germany’s leading academics. Drawing on Föppl’s unpublished memoirs, this article explores his experience in the war, including a detailed account of how he cracked two Allied ciphers and codes. The article also provides the first account of Föppl’s service in World War II. Föppl’s service is used to explore the German Army’s attitude to civilian experts and is contrasted with British practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHMWYGL4,2016-07-03,Martin Samuels,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:20:53Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2015.1084960,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2280824069,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2280824069,2018.0,2025.0,2016.0,,2.0 2731,Intercept: The Secret History of Computers and Spies,Book,https://www.weidenfeldandnicolson.co.uk/titles/gordon-corera/intercept/9781780227849/,"The computer was born to spy, and now computers are transforming espionage. But who are the spies and who is being spied on in today’s interconnected world? This is the exhilarating secret history of the melding of technology and espionage. Gordon Corera’s compelling narrative, rich with historical details and characters, takes us from the Second World War to the internet age, revealing the astonishing extent of cyberespionage carried out today. Drawing on unique access to intelligence agencies, heads of state, hackers and spies of all stripes, INTERCEPT is a ground-breaking exploration of the new space in which the worlds of espionage, geopolitics, diplomacy, international business, science and technology collide. Together, computers and spies are shaping the future. What was once the preserve of a few intelligence agencies now matters for us all. ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FKHUP84J,2016-06-09,Gordon Corera,Weidenfeld & Nicolson,,2024-02-25T13:19:34Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2732,Breaking “Tirpitz”: Cryptanalysis of the Japanese-German joint naval cipher,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2015.1087073,"This article gives the solutions of the only four messages known to still exist from the previously unbroken Japanese-German joint naval radio communications traffic in the system known as “Tirpitz,” which used the specially-designed model T Enigma machine. It also explains the methods used by the author to break the messages, and gives some background on the model T Enigma and its usages.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AHU4GCY3,2016-09-02,Daniel J. Girard,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:17:07Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2015.1087073,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2297919159,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2297919159,2015.0,2024.0,2016.0,,-1.0 2733,Solving Enigma's Secrets: The Official History of Bletchley Park's Hut 6,Book,,"The original history of Bletchley Park's Hut 6 was considered so sensitive, it was only declassified in June 2006.For the first time, the wider public can read the true true of Bletchley Park's epic battle with the Enigma code of the German Army and Air Force as written in the codebreakers and edited by John Jackson.The true account of this momentous struggle is told anonymously by the Bletchley Park codebreakers working in Hut 6, who recorded their experiences in a top secret military history at the end of World War 2.Where the German forces went the Enigma machine went with them. The daily changing cipher keys and the continuous security improvements put a continual strain on the quiet heroes of Bletchley Park.This specially edited version of the original three volumes, which includes the entire volume on cryptography, is a lasting tribute to their unrelenting pursuit of the innermost secrets of the Nazi armed forces and to their genius in overcoming all the odds. The original reports were written after the war to document how the Enigma code was broken and includes complex technical descriptions and is A fascinating read for anyone interested in Bletchley Park, the Enigma code, military intelligence, or cryptography.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3J3EFSFV,2014-08-30,John Jackson,BookTowerPublishing,,2024-02-25T13:04:20Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2734,Deciphering ADFGVX messages from the Eastern Front of World War I,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2016.1169461,"In the last months of World War I (WW I), the German Army and diplomatic services used the ADFGVX hand-cipher system to encrypt radio messages between Germany and its outposts and stations in the Balkans, the Black Sea, and in the Middle East. Hundreds of cryptograms were intercepted from July to December 1918 by British and U.S. military intelligence, who were able to recover most of the keys and decipher most of the cryptograms using manual cryptanalysis methods. Fortunately, the original cryptograms have been preserved by James Rives Childs, the U.S. officer assigned to G.2 A.6, the SIGINT section of American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in Paris, and they appear in his book, General Solution of the ADFGVX Cipher System, published by Aegean Press Park in 2000. In this article, the authors present the results of an effort toward the complete cryptanalysis of the messages, and an analysis of their contents. The authors present a new computerized method for the ciphertext-only cryptanalysis of ADFGVX messages which they developed for that purpose. They also provide details on how all the keys were recovered and almost all the messages decrypted, despite the low quality of significant parts of the intercepted material. The analysis of the messages in their historical context provides a unique insight into key events, such as the withdrawal of the German troops from Romania, and the impact of the Kiel Mutiny on communications. Both events had major political and military consequences for Germany in the Eastern Front. Cryptanalysis allowed the Entente Powers to closely monitor those events as well as others developments, also highlighting inherent weaknesses in German cryptographic and cryptanalytic capabilities. The authors plan to publish online all the decrypted messages.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PKHTWH2P,2017-03-04,"George Lasry, Ingo Niebel, Nils Kopal, Arno Wacker",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T13:02:23Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2016.1169461,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2513705370,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2513705370,2015.0,2023.0,2016.0,,-1.0 2735,Bletchley Park: The Secret Archives,Book,https://www2.quartoknows.com/books/9781781315347/Bletchley-Park.html,"This beautifully presented slipcased collector's edition of the best selling title, The Lost World of Bletchley Park is a comprehensive illustrated history of this remarkable place, from its prewar heyday as a country estate, its wartime requisition and how it became the place where modern computing was invented and the German Enigma code was cracked, to its post-war dereliction and then rescue towards the end of the twentieth century as a museum. Removable memorabilia includes: 1938 recruiting memo with a big tick against Turing's name Churchill's 'Action this day' letter giving code breakers extra resources Handwritten Turing memos Top Secret Engima decryptions, about the sinking of the Bismark, German High Command's assessment of D-Day threat and the message announcing Hitler's suicide A wealth of everyday items such as authentic theatre posters, a map of Bletchley Park, canteen menus, teleprinter print-outs of codes, the Colossus paper tape spooled through machines Newly redesigned interiors with 25% new content, high end slipcase package featuring removable facsimile documents, this is an essential purchase for everyone interested and wanting to experience the place where code-breaking helped to win the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5B25XMQ7,2016,Sinclair McKay,Aurum Press Ltd,,2024-02-25T13:00:47Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2736,Elizebeth Friedman’s security and career concerns prior to World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2016.1257523,"Much has been written about Elizebeth Friedman’s codebreaking that busted rum runners during Prohibition in the United States. Recently, declassified documents, as well as other research, demonstrate that as her Coast Guard cryptanalysis unit headed toward World War II, she (as well as naval authorities) developed concerns that publicity regarding her unit’s abilities would tip off America’s enemies and harm national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5352ZAJE,2017-05-04,G. Stuart Smith,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:58:32Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/01611194.2016.1257523,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2611266228,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2611266228,2018.0,2024.0,2017.0,,1.0 2737,The National Security Agency and the William F. Friedman Collection,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2016.1169458,"In addition to being one of the founders of modern American cryptology, William Friedman was a noted cryptologic historian who amassed a major collection of cryptologic literature and artifacts in both his personal and official files. Drawing on over 50,000 pages of documents newly released by the National Security Agency and other sources, this article places the man, his career, and his collections in the context of the government's changing secrecy policies of the early Cold War to offer new insights into Friedman's sometimes fraught relationship with that agency, its efforts to influence the amount and nature of cryptologic information in the public domain, and a series of confrontations over his personal and private papers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LY9NQUJ8,2017-05-04,David Sherman,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:58:06Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/01611194.2016.1169458,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2464932297,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2464932297,2015.0,2020.0,2016.0,,-1.0 2738,The Turing Bombe Victory and the first naval Enigma decrypts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2016.1219786,"Victory was the name of the first prototype Bombe that was developed for breaking the German Enigma messages of World War II. It lacked the diagonal board and simultaneous scanning that was provided for all the later models, but these disadvantages were overcome by the ingenious use of a column menu (a special Bombe menu where the Enigma fast rotors are all in the same position) to break six days of naval traffic, 22–27 April 1940, following the pinch of material from an armed trawler Schiff 26 (Polares). These were the first naval decrypts of the War, and their solution took several months to complete. No further naval breaks occurred until November. This article examines the decryption process in some detail in order to explain the difficulties, highlight the role of Victory in this process, and provide detailed workings of the processes. It also sheds some light on the early development of the British Bombe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DVU5DUSI,2017-07-04,John Wright,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:56:38Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2016.1219786,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2526429547,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2526429547,2021.0,2021.0,2016.0,,5.0 2739,Code Warriors: NSA's Codebreakers and the Secret Intelligence War against the Soviet Union,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/236807/code-warriors-by-stephen-budiansky/,"A sweeping, in-depth history of NSA, whose famous “cult of silence” has left the agency shrouded in mystery for decades The National Security Agency was born out of the legendary codebreaking programs of World War II that cracked the famed Enigma machine and other German and Japanese codes, thereby turning the tide of Allied victory. In the postwar years, as the United States developed a new enemy in the Soviet Union, our intelligence community found itself targeting not soldiers on the battlefield, but suspected spies, foreign leaders, and even American citizens. Throughout the second half of the twentieth century, NSA played a vital, often fraught and controversial role in the major events of the Cold War, from the Korean War to the Cuban Missile Crisis to Vietnam and beyond. In Code Warriors, Stephen Budiansky—a longtime expert in cryptology—tells the fascinating story of how NSA came to be, from its roots in World War II through the fall of the Berlin Wall. Along the way, he guides us through the fascinating challenges faced by cryptanalysts, and how they broke some of the most complicated codes of the twentieth century. With access to new documents, Budiansky shows where the agency succeeded and failed during the Cold War, but his account also offers crucial perspective for assessing NSA today in the wake of the Edward Snowden revelations. Budiansky shows how NSA’s obsession with recording every bit of data and decoding every signal is far from a new development; throughout its history the depth and breadth of the agency’s reach has resulted in both remarkable successes and destructive failures. Featuring a series of appendixes that explain the technical details of Soviet codes and how they were broken, this is a rich and riveting history of the underbelly of the Cold War, and an essential and timely read for all who seek to understand the origins of the modern NSA.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G5UF8GLE,2017-08-22,Stephen Budiansky,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-25T12:54:39Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2740,Silence Means Security: Secrets of a WWII Code-Breaking WAC,Book,,"A CODE-BREAKING WAC IN THE PACIFIC DURING WWII - DECIPHERING JAPANESE SECRETS WHILE COPING WITH A BITTERSWEET LOVE. Nineteen-year-old Billie Jean had no idea when she walked into the Army Recruiting office in 1943 that in less than a year she would be breaking code in the Southwest Pacific. Her WWII military service in the Women's Army Corps would take her from her home in West Texas to assignments in Australia, New Guinea and the Philippines. While her wanderlust and volunteer spirit got her to the Pacific, her intelligence and attention to detail got her hand-picked for an all women select cryptologic field unit. Billie Jean struggles to decipher enemy secrets while confronting all the dangers of love and war. The selfless service and contribution of U.S. women serving in the Signal Intelligence Service during the Second World War is relatively unknown. Cryptanalyst, Genevieve Grotjan Feinstein's discovery was the key to breaking the ""Purple"" Japanese Diplomatic code which was crucial in allowing the Allies to win the war in the Pacific. Much of the highly secretive work was done by women back home and in the field. Follow the untold story of WWII Signal Intelligence WACS serving in the Southwest Pacific through the eyes Billie Jean Nicodemus, one of their own. ""I was particularly impressed by how you captured both the intensity of war and your mother's drive to make a difference. I was also struck how your mom matured over her experiences. She was lucky because many WACS during that time were not treated fairly and were ostracized for being in the military during that time. I thought it was engaging and thought provoking.""-Susan Rogers Ph.D., Colonel ,U.S. Army retired . ""In Silence Means Security, Barbara Nicodemus shines light into what is, for this reader at least, an unexplored corner of WWII history - the experience of young women WAC code-breakers in the South Pacific. This is more than just a history, however. Ms. Nicodemus' mother was one of those young WACs and the author's real emotional connection to her material, her desire to discover this hidden facet of her mother's life, rises to the surface on every page.""-Michael Knight, Author of The Typist, Professor of English, University of Tennessee Knoxville.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BHGQHF44,2015-10-02,Barbara Nicodemus,"Moonshine Cove Publishing, LLC",,2024-02-25T12:53:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2741,Modern breaking of Enigma ciphertexts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2016.1238423,"“Breaking German Army Ciphers” is the title of a Cryptologia article from 2005, describing the lucky survival of several hundred authentic Enigma messages of World War II, and an account of a ciphertext-only cryptanalysis of a large number of these messages, leaving only a few (mostly short messages) unbroken. After reviewing the work done, and investigating the reasons for both lucky breaks and close misses, the modern ciphertext-only attack on Enigma messages is improved, especially on genuine ones with short lengths and/or many garbles. The difficulties of a proper measure for the candidate’s closeness to a plaintext are clarified. The influence on the decryption process of an empty plugboard and one with only a few correct plugs is examined. The method is extended by a partial exhaustion of the plugboard combined with an optimized hillclimbing strategy. The newly designed software succeeds in breaking formerly unbroken messages.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SAVQC35F,2017-09-03,"Olaf Ostwald, Frode Weierud",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:51:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/01611194.2016.1238423,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2584878234,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2584878234,2018.0,2024.0,2017.0,,1.0 2742,Cryptography during the French and American Wars in Vietnam,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2017.1292825,"After Vietnam’s Declaration of Independence on 2 September 1945, the country had to suffer through two long, brutal wars, first against the French and then against the Americans, before finally becoming a unified country free of colonial domination in 1975. The authors’ purpose is to examine the role of cryptography in those two wars. Despite the far greater technological resources of their opponents, the communications intelligence specialists of the Việt Minh, the National Liberation Front, and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam had considerable success in both protecting Vietnamese communications and acquiring tactical and strategic secrets from the enemy. Perhaps surprisingly, in both wars there was a balance between the sides. Generally speaking, cryptographic knowledge and protocol design were at a high level at the central commands, but deployment for tactical communications in the field was difficult, and there were many failures on all sides.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QPKYW5NL,2017-11-02,"Phan Dương Hiệu, Neal Koblitz",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:50:41Z,"['BHVIFBRH', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2017.1292825,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2606242767,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2606242767,2018.0,2020.0,2017.0,,1.0 2743,The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Partially decrypted,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2017.1385672,"Cryptology during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 is a topic hardly explored, especially by Westerners. We now know that the Japanese military and diplomatic successes were aided by codebreaking. This article covers what is known about the cryptology employed during the war, to include rare information coming from Chinese language sources (most sources on the cryptologic role in the war had heretofore been Japanese). The author cautions that this topic is still a work in progress with more to uncover. He is particularly excited about some new Chinese language findings, awaiting proper translation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5RLDSYFY,2018-03-04,Gregory J. Nedved,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:49:07Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2017.1385672,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2768755979,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 2744,"The Woman Who Smashed Codes: A True Story of Love, Spies, and the Unlikely Heroine Who Outwitted America's Enemies",Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-woman-who-smashed-codes-jason-fagone,"In 1916, at the height of World War I, brilliant Shakespeare expert Elizebeth Smith went to work for an eccentric tycoon on his estate outside Chicago. The tycoon had close ties to the U.S. government, and he soon asked Elizebeth to apply her language skills to an exciting new venture: code-breaking. There she met the man who would become her husband, groundbreaking cryptologist William Friedman. Though she and Friedman are in many ways the ""Adam and Eve"" of the NSA, Elizebeth’s story, incredibly, has never been told. In The Woman Who Smashed Codes, Jason Fagone chronicles the life of this extraordinary woman, who played an integral role in our nation’s history for forty years. After World War I, Smith used her talents to catch gangsters and smugglers during Prohibition, then accepted a covert mission to discover and expose Nazi spy rings that were spreading like wildfire across South America, advancing ever closer to the United States. As World War II raged, Elizebeth fought a highly classified battle of wits against Hitler’s Reich, cracking multiple versions of the Enigma machine used by German spies. Meanwhile, inside an Army vault in Washington, William worked furiously to break Purple, the Japanese version of Enigma—and eventually succeeded, at a terrible cost to his personal life. Fagone unveils America’s code-breaking history through the prism of Smith’s life, bringing into focus the unforgettable events and colorful personalities that would help shape modern intelligence. Blending the lively pace and compelling detail that are the hallmarks of Erik Larson’s bestsellers with the atmosphere and intensity of The Imitation Game, The Woman Who Smashed Codes is page-turning popular history at its finest.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PJV7ZKF7,2018-08-28,Jason Fagone,Harper Collins Publishers,,2024-02-25T12:47:38Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2745,"The Secret War: Spies, Codes and Guerrillas 1939–1945",Book,https://www.williamcollinsbooks.co.uk/products/the-secret-war-spies-codes-and-guerrillas-19391945-max-hastings-9780008133023/,"In ‘The Secret War’, Max Hastings examines the espionage and intelligence machines of all sides in World War II, and the impact of spies, code-breakers and partisan operations on events. Written on a global scale, the book brings together accounts from British, American, German, Russian and Japanese sources to tell the story of a secret war waged unceasingly by men and women often far from the battlefields but whose actions profoundly influenced the outcome. Returning to the Second World War for the first time since his best-selling ‘All Hell Let Loose’, Hastings weaves into a ‘big picture’ framework, the human stories of spies and intelligence officers who served their respective masters. Told through a series of snapshots of key moments, the book looks closely at Soviet espionage operations which dwarfed those of every other belligerent in scale, as well as the code-breaking operation at Bletchley Park – the greatest intelligence achievement of the conflict – with many more surprising and unfamiliar tales of treachery, deception, betrayal and incompetence by spies of Axis, Allied or indeterminate loyalty.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AFUPE93I,2015-09-10,Max Hastings,William Collins,,2024-02-25T12:45:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2746,Cracking the code of the Rohonc Codex,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2018.1449147,"The Rohonc Codex is a small 448-page codex handwritten in a script that has resisted deciphering since the codex was discovered in 1839. The main cause of this failure may be the fact, as we reveal, that the writing is not a substitution cipher (or “ancient alphabet”) as most researchers presupposed but is in fact a code system with features that no codebreaker would expect, the breaking of which is an extremely heuristic task. This article is intended to be the first of three or four in which we summarize our findings made during our years-long research of the Rohonc Codex. In the present article we discuss general features of the text, our methodological criteria, and the story of cracking the code. To give weight to our argument we present several interlinear translations of passages from the codex’s text. This will be expanded by further articles in which we plan to describe some advanced features of the code such as its morphology, syntax, and peculiarities, as well as the possible language(s) of the author; we will also provide a detailed table of contents, further indices, and a glossary.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DFTT438I,2018-07-04,"Levente Zoltán Király, Gábor Tokai",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:41:23Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/01611194.2018.1449147,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2806446001,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2806446001,2022.0,2022.0,2018.0,,4.0 2747,Stanley Johnston's Blunder: The Reporter Who Spilled the Secret Behind the U.S. Navy's Victory at Midway,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/stanley-johnstons-blunder,"In Stanley Johnston’s Blunder: The Reporter Who Spilled the Secret Behind the U.S. Navy's Victory at Midway, Elliot Carlson tells the story of Stanley Johnston, a Chicago Tribune reporter who may have exposed a vitally important U.S. naval secret during World War II. In 1942 Johnston is embarked in the aircraft carrier USS Lexington during the Battle of the Coral Sea. In addition to recording the crew’s doomed effort to save the ship, Johnston displays great heroism, rescuing many endangered officers and men from the sea and earning the praise of the Lexington’s senior officers. They even recommend him for a medal. Then his story darkens. On board the rescue ship Barnett, Johnston is assigned to a cabin where messages from the Pacific Fleet commander, Admiral Chester Nimitz, are routinely, and carelessly, circulated. One reveals the order of battle of Imperial Japanese Navy forces advancing on Midway Atoll. Containing information obtained by the Navy’s codebreakers, this dispatch is stamped “Top Secret.” Yet it is casually passed around to some of the Lexington’s officers in the cabin while Johnston is present. Carlson captures the outrage among U.S. Navy brass when they read the 7 June 1942 Chicago Tribune front-page headline, “NAVY HAD WORD OF JAP PLAN TO STRIKE AT SEA.” Admirals note that the information in the Tribune article parallels almost precisely the highly secret material in Nimitz’s dispatch. They fear Japanese commanders will discover the article, grasp that their code has been cracked, and quickly change it, thereby depriving the U.S. Navy of a priceless military asset. When Navy officials confirm that Johnston wrote the story after residing in that Barnett stateroom, they think they understand the “leak.” Drawing on seventy-five-year-old testimony never before released, Carlson takes readers inside the grand jury room where jurors convened by the Roosevelt administration consider charges that Johnston violated the Espionage Act. Jurors hear conflicting testimony from Navy officers while Johnston claims his story came from his own knowledge of the Japanese navy. Using FBI files, U.S. Navy records, archival materials from the Chicago Tribune, and Japanese sources, Carlson, at last, brings to light the full story of Stanley Johnston’s trial.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YAJHRY42,2017-10-15,Elliot Carlson,Naval Institute Press,,2024-02-25T12:32:35Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2748,Genuine French WWII M-209 cryptograms,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2019.1596180,"In the French Army archives three cryptograms encrypted by the M-209 were found. They date from 1944 and come from the 1st French Army. Since the security rules in the military require them to be destroyed, it is extremely rare to have access to this type of document. This article aims to show the use of the M-209 in the French Army. It will first briefly describe the operation of the M-209 encryption machine and describe the cryptographic means used by the French Army during the Second World War, including the M-209 provided by the Americans. The three cryptograms found in the archives will then be studied. The various components of these messages are described, starting with the key groups (which provide the message key) and continuing to the main abbreviations as well as some codenames. The plaintexts will then become understandable. This article ends with the reconstruction of the keys (internal and external) of the first two messages. This reconstruction could not be completed for the third message: it is given as a challenge to the readers of Cryptologia. This is also the opportunity to balance the security of the M-209 with that of the Enigma.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WFS2VW5U,2019-09-03,Jean-François Bouchaudy,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:30:30Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/01611194.2019.1596180,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2944109227,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 2749,German mathematicians and cryptology in WWII,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2019.1600076,"By now, a great deal is known about the contributions of Alan Turing, I. J. Good, Max Newman, and other mathematicians who worked at Bletchley Park during World War II. But what about the other side? Until recently, very little was known about the German mathematicians who aided the Nazi war effort: who were they, where did they work, and what did they do? But now, thanks to the release of a large number of TICOM documents in recent years, an initial picture is beginning to emerge. In this article, we identify the most important mathematicians who worked in the different German cryptologic organizations during the war: who they were, how they were recruited, which organizations they were in, and what they did (when this is known). Although their successes never rivaled those of Bletchley Park, they did have successes, and these were sometimes due to the efforts of mathematicians who went on to have distinguished careers after the war. One question that motivated this study was to understand the reasons for the German communications security meltdown during the war: how they got the Enigma and Tunny security assessments partly right but mostly wrong. As will be seen, this was not due to a lack of talent: some of the very best German mathematicians contributed to their war effort. The answer lies instead in how these potentially very useful assets were actually used (in striking contrast with what happened at Bletchley Park).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/63M644C6,2020-03-03,"Frode Weierud, Sandy Zabell",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:28:35Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/01611194.2019.1600076,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2955924126,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2955924126,2020.0,2025.0,2019.0,,1.0 2750,Sources and methods for cryptologic history: NSA.gov - a tour through its history and resources,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2020.1753264,"In 2020, the National Security Agency will celebrate 25 years of its presence on the World Wide Web at www.NSA.gov. This article will provide a brief history of its development and evolution, paying special attention to the thousands of declassified historic records which are important resources for researchers of cryptologic history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V8L6DDB3,2020-07-03,Sarah Parsons,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:26:59Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/01611194.2020.1753264,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3024345540,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 2751,Enigma G: The counter Enigma,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2019.1661134,"The history of Enigma G, the counter Enigma, is presented and traced from the very beginning of the development of the small, glow-lamp Enigma machine in early 1923 until the end of the Second World War. The commercial customers and governmental users of the machines are introduced and covered in considerable detail. The Hungarian machine, G 110, recently found buried in Poland, and its subsequent conservation by the Bletchley Park Trust, is then analysed and explained.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G2VTV2TP,2020-09-02,"David Kenyon, Frode Weierud",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:26:18Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/01611194.2019.1661134,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2977764535,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 2752,Bletchley Park and D-Day,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300254754/bletchley-park-and-d-day,"Since the secret of Bletchley Park was revealed in the 1970s, the work of its codebreakers has become one of the most famous stories of the Second World War. But cracking the Nazis’ codes was only the start of the process. Thousands of secret intelligence workers were then involved in making crucial information available to the Allied leaders and commanders who desperately needed it. Using previously classified documents, David Kenyon casts the work of Bletchley Park in a new light, as not just a codebreaking establishment, but as a fully developed intelligence agency. He shows how preparations for the war’s turning point—the Normandy Landings in 1944—had started at Bletchley years earlier, in 1942, with the careful collation of information extracted from enemy signals traffic. This account reveals the true character of Bletchley's vital contribution to success in Normandy, and ultimately, Allied victory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KM7HXFMC,2019-03-28,David Kenyon,Yale University Press,,2024-02-25T12:24:50Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2753,Cracking PURPLE: cryptanalysis of the Angooki Taipu B switch tables,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2019.1706064,"Eighty years after the US Army’s Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) cracked PURPLE, the famous WWII-era Japanese cipher machine, there still has been little technical information published about how it was done. This paper offers a detailed description of how SIS could have done it. The techniques described here would all have been available to SIS in their pre-computer era of the early 1940s, and are based on cryptanalysis using plaintext and matching ciphertext. This paper derives the system architecture, determines the sixes and twenties switch tables, shows how to convert them to wiring diagrams, explains how to handle the complication of the plugboards, extends the information that can be mined from the famous patterns in PURPLE data, corrects a deficiency in the usage of the one published algorithm for cryptanalysis of the twenties, and shows that neither the sixes nor the twenties switch tables are unique.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GR7XS7YD,2021-01-02,Kenneth J. Bures,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T12:18:06Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/01611194.2019.1706064,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3005990193,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3005990193,2022.0,2024.0,2020.0,,2.0 2754,Sources and methods: Searching for cryptologic records in the findings of post-World War II allied technical surveys and commissions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2021.1921072,"At the end of World War II, the Allied Cryptologic agencies in the U.S.A. and U.K. realized that valuable intelligence about Axis codebreaking and other analytic methods, as well as knowledge about Axis cryptography, could be lost, either through destruction or capture by the Soviet Union. A special organization, known as the Target Intelligence Committee (TICOM), was organized to retrieve this information. Special teams followed Allied forces into former Axis territory, gathered captured records and equipment and interrogated Axis cryptographers about their methods, successes, and failures. In the United States, this material was retained by the National Security Agency until major releases of WWII records to the National Archives, beginning in the mid-1990s and continuing for approximately another 20 years. TICOM records constitute a critical resource to understanding the dynamics of the struggle between those charged with protecting communications, the secrets they hold, and those with the mandate to discover those secrets.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4X5A84AH,2021-07-04,Robert Hanyok,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T11:34:02Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/01611194.2021.1921072,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3169829111,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 2755,"Enigma: the spoils of Gustave Bertrand, or “par où tout a commencé”",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2020.1736205,"As early as 1931, Gustave Bertrand of the French intelligence services received from the traitor Hans Thilo Schmidt documents concerning the Enigma cipher machine. This machine was intended to equip all the German military forces. This is the beginning of an epic that has probably changed the History. The main documents collected by Bertrand have not been destroyed and are available in the archives of the French Army (SHD). This article describes and analyzes each of these documents, including the evolution of the Enigma and its procedures related in these documents. In conclusion, the article lists the findings that come from reading these originals and first and foremost the impact of having a cipher message with its plaintext on the British attempt to recover Enigma rotors wiring. Oddly enough, it seems that this message was not used by the Poles to break the Enigma.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6L3HW6YC,2021-07-04,Jean-François Bouchaudy,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T11:33:34Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2020.1736205,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3024706617,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3024706617,2021.0,2023.0,2020.0,,1.0 2756,Deciphering papal ciphers from the 16th to the 18th Century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2020.1755915,"In Meister’s 1906 landmark study, “Die Geheimschrift im Dienste der päpstlichen Kurie von ihren Anfängen bis zum Ende des XVI Jahrhunderts”, the 16th Century papal cryptographic service is described as a vibrant, highly professional organization, at the forefront of the science of cryptography in the Late Renaissance. In his work from 1993, Alvarez concluded that by the 19th Century, “the reputation of papal cryptography, once so lustrous, has sadly faded.” However, until now, very little was known about the evolution of papal cryptography from the 16th to the 18th Century. In this article, we describe how we obtained a large collection of original papal ciphertexts from the Vatican archives, transcribed them, and how we were able to recover most of the keys, and to decipher the original plaintexts using novel cryptanalysis methods and the open-source e-learning CrypTool platform. The recovered keys and decipherments provide unique insights into papal cryptographic practices from the 16th to the 18th Century. The 16th Century is characterized by innovation and a high level of sophistication, with a primary focus on cryptographic security. From the 17th Century, only the simpler but also less secure forms of ciphers remain in use, and papal cryptography significantly lags behind other European states.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28WCXUV2,2021-11-02,"George Lasry, Beáta Megyesi, Nils Kopal",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T09:36:14Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/01611194.2020.1755915,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3037531128,21.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3037531128,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01611194.2020.1755915?needAccess=true,1.0 2757,Eavesdropping on the Biafra-Lisbon link – breaking historical ciphers from the Biafran war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2020.1762261,"The Biafran War, or Nigerian Civil War from 1967 to 1970 was a significant conflict in post-colonial African history. We obtained encrypted messages sent from Lisbon to Biafra via telex during the conflict. We employed manual and computerized cryptanalysis methods to decipher a series of transposition ciphers sent by Biafran officials in 1968 and 1969, which were encrypted using unknown variants of columnar transposition. We then derived the keywords the system was based on and the method used, and analyzed the codewords, names and traffic contained in the plaintexts. Some five-figure ciphers sent during the same period remain unsolved.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VZG9JIIJ,2022-01-02,"Richard W. Bean, George Lasry, Frode Weierud",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T09:31:21Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2020.1762261,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3034468045,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3034468045,2021.0,2021.0,2020.0,,1.0 2758,Reflections of Alan Turing: A Relative History,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/reflections-of-alan-turing/9781803990125/,"When Dermot Turing is asked about his famous uncle, people want to know more than the bullet points of his life. They want to know everything – was Alan Turing actually a codebreaker? What did he make of artificial intelligence? What is the significance of Alan Turing’s trial, his suicide, the Royal Pardon, the £50 note and the film The Imitation Game? In Reflections of Alan Turing, Dermot strips off the layers to uncover the real story. It’s time to discover a fresh legacy of Alan Turing for the twenty-first century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NC3B4QFU,2022-07-07,Dermot Turing,The History Press,,2024-02-25T09:28:56Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2759,MADAME X THE STORY OF 003: The U.S. Army Cryptologic Bombe in World War II,Book,,"Breaking Enigma enciphered messages was central to the allies war with Germany and Italy in World War II. Cryptologic Bombes were developed to help find some of the keys necessary to break into Enigma. Much has been written about the development of Bombes, initially by the Polish codebreakers of the Biuro Szyfrów then by Alan Turing, Gordon Welchman and Harold 'Doc' Keen at Bletchley Park. Subsequently NCR built Bombes for the U.S. Navy. Less well known is the development of a single cryptologic Bombe for the U.S. Army's Signal Intelligence Service known variously as Madame X or '003' using a completely different technology. This book tells the story of Madame X and its contribution to the World War II Enigma code war. Based on relatively recent declassification of documents by the NSA, this is the first book to focus on a million dollar machine that has achieved a certain legendary status in cryptanalytic circles.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8RB2AQRH,2020-12-21,Michael Barbakoff,Independently published,,2024-02-25T09:27:28Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2760,"Enigma, the XYZ period (1939–1940)",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2020.1864681,"In July 1939, at the dawn of the Second World War, Polish cryptologists revealed their mastery of the Enigma encryption machine to their French and British counterparts. The Enigma machine was the main encryption method used by the German armed forces at the time. An alliance was born: XYZ (the letters are codes identifying each of the allies: X represents the French, Y represents the English, and Z represents the Polish). The Poles transmitted their methods to their allies, starting with the sheets invented by Zygalski. These sheets were made by the English, who then sent copies to the French and the Polish. These joined the French after the Polish defeat. With these sheets, from January 1940 onward, the allies were able to read the messages of the enemy. Unfortunately, in May 1940, the Germans changed their system, and the Zygalski sheets became obsolete. Only the English managed to continue breaking the Enigma keys via manual methods. In all, thousands of messages were read. In June, France capitulated, and consequently, the triple alliance ended. This story has been told before, but recently declassified French archives have allowed us to clarify several points, particularly the central place of the Cyclometer.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S7Y2CJNB,2022-04-29,Jean-François Bouchaudy,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T09:22:28Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2020.1864681,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3131069136,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3131069136,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,,1.0 2761,The Bombe: The machine that defeated Enigma,Book,https://www.tnmoc.org/tnmocshop/the-bombe-the-machine-that-defeated-enigma-dermot-turing,"During the Second World War, the German Armed Forces sent 1000s of Enigma encrypted messages every day. To crack this seemingly unbreakable cipher, the Allies turned to an electromechanical machine to do the job - the Bombe. The Turing-Welchman Bombe was a marvel of engineering and ingenuity. The f",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7PRUPQDN,2021,Dermot Turing,Arcturus Publishing Limited,,2024-02-25T09:18:38Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2762,Radio War: The Secret Espionage War of the Radio Security Service 1938-1946,Book,https://www.fonthill.media/products/radio-war,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EKE2DILU,2019,David Abrutat,Fronthill Media,,2024-02-25T09:13:04Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2763,The ciphers of the Republic of Venice an overview,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2021.1901797,"An article about a two-year research project at the State Archives of Venice sheds new light on the history of ciphers in the Republic of Venice, between the XIII and the XVIII centuries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B7SAVNZF,2022-06-14,Paolo Bonavoglia,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T09:12:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/01611194.2021.1901797,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3147716620,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3147716620,2022.0,2022.0,2021.0,,1.0 2764,Methods for encryption in early 19th-century Ottoman diplomatic correspondence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2021.1919943,"Ottoman cryptography, a phenomenon that did not officially exist in Ottoman State, emerged with the development of Ottoman diplomatic bureaucracy in the 19th century. In this article, as well as discussing early applications of official Ottoman cryptography, the traces and features of these efforts which began in the year 1797 have been revealed in the light of encrypted archive documents. Ciphers and encoding/decoding methods of Ottoman diplomats were also investigated in this study. Besides, the initial steps of cryptography amongst the Ottoman-Turks are presented and their characteristics have been assessed in this article.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W3CUPB94,2022-11-02,Sedat Bingöl,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T09:01:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2021.1919943,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3164638608,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3164638608,2021.0,2022.0,2021.0,,0.0 2765,The changes in Ottoman diplomatic cryptography and its methods during the 19th century (1811–1877),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2022.2092916,"In parallel with the change in the understanding of diplomacy during the reign of Selim III, the Ottoman Empire started to use diplomatic cryptography. However, the efforts which started in 1797 were interrupted to a great extent when the ambassadors were recalled to the state after 1811. In the following period, Chargé d’affaires took over their duties and continued to use cryptography. With the reassignment of ambassadors to European capitals after 1834, Ottoman diplomatic cryptography stepped into a new era. In this study, the process until 1877 is discussed in the light of encrypted documents found in Ottoman archives. Codes and coding/decoding methods of Ottoman diplomats throughout the period are also examined.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NDI4XI3F,2023-11-02,Sedat Bingöl,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T08:45:24Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2022.2092916,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4297830852,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4297830852,2022.0,2025.0,2022.0,,0.0 2766,"MAJOR HUGH POLLARD, MI6, AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/major-hugh-pollard-mi6-and-the-spanish-civil-war/4648AEEADFA003D77A294031CB779A87,"The recently released Special Operations Executive (SOE) personal file of Major Hugh Bertie Campbell Pollard (HS 9/1200/5) sheds new light on the man who helped fly General Franco from the Canary Islands to Morocco, leading ultimately to the overthrow of the democratically elected republican government and thirty-six years of brutal dictatorship. Contrary to the previous portrayal of Pollard, a genial, rough-and-ready gung-ho ‘adventurer’ who flew the future Caudillo to Morocco on a whim, the files reveal Pollard to have been an experienced British intelligence officer, talented linguist, and firearms expert with considerable firsthand experience of wars and revolutions in Mexico, Morocco, and Ireland, where he had served as a police adviser in Dublin Castle during the ‘stormy days’ of the Black and Tans in the early 1920s. Pollard, who listed his hobbies in Who's Who as ‘hunting and shooting’, was the sporting editor of Country Life and a member of Lord Leconfield's hunt. He was also a renowned and passionate firearms expert having written numerous books on the subject including the section on ‘small arms’ for the official war office textbook. His friend Douglas Jerrold, who himself later served in British intelligence, recalled that Pollard ‘looked and behaved, like a German Crown Prince and had a habit of letting off revolvers in any office he happened to visit’. Once Jerrold plucked up the courage to ask Pollard if he had ever killed anybody.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B9FN3R2Y,2006-02-24,Graham D. Macklin,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2023-12-23T23:00:29Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1017/S0018246X05005121,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970272544,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970272544,2012.0,2020.0,2006.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4648AEEADFA003D77A294031CB779A87/S0018246X05005121a.pdf/div-class-title-major-hugh-pollard-mi6-and-the-spanish-civil-war-div.pdf,6.0 2767,Why the French military cryptanalysis failed to break Enigma,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2023.2261121,"In July 1939, when the French military discovered the possibility of breaking Enigma thanks to revelations from the Polish Cipher Service, it came as a complete surprise. Although the French secret services had known about the German machine for almost ten years, the military cryptologists based in Paris had quickly concluded that it was impossible to break it. Only the forced exile of Polish mathematicians in France after the 1939 campaign enabled the French to decipher Enigma from January 1940 until the June defeat. While the story of the Polish and British cryptological successes is now well known through academic and mainstream literature, the French failure has received virtually no attention until now. Using unpublished archives held at the Defense Historical Service in Vincennes, this study analyzes the reasons for this fiasco and paints a picture of French military cryptanalysis in the 1930s, quite different from the past success of French codebreakers in the First World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DMNSH68I,2023-10-19,Jean-Charles Foucrier,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2023-10-24T07:39:37Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2023.2261121,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387774774,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 2768,"The Codebreakers war: David Kahn, Macmillan, the government, and the making of a cryptologic history masterpiece",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2021.1998808,"David Kahn’s The Codebreakers, published in 1967, is the first modern comprehensive history of cryptology. Based on extensive research, including interviews with former government cryptologists in the United States and Europe, Kahn’s volume blazed a trail that numerous historians would follow. It also attracted the attention of intelligence officials in Washington and London, who sought to excise or edit passages in the book. In one of these, Kahn made but agreed to remove a claim that during World War II the Allies had broken the supposedly invulnerable Enigma, a feat that would remain secret until the following decade.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4RRYLZH4,2023-05-04,David Sherman,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2022-02-07T09:23:49Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2021.1998808,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210328716,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 2769,Cracking PURPLE: the identification of homologs in the cryptanalysis of the Angooki Taipu B cipher machine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2022.2064200,"In 1940 the US Army’s Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) cracked PURPLE, the Japanese diplomatic cipher. Shortly after that accomplishment, William Friedman, legendary cryptographer and civilian head of SIS, wrote his Preliminary Historical Report on the Solution of the “B” Machine. In it he introduced the mysterious “Identification of Homologs” and stated there that it had been a crucial technology to the success of cracking PURPLE. Despite that dramatic assessment, the concept simply disappeared, ignored by all subsequent authors of PURPLE histories and technical analyses. So what exactly is the Identification of Homologs and what role did it play in the cryptanalysis of PURPLE? That is the subject of this paper. We give a complete technical description, as well as historical information, some newly uncovered, about how SIS collected PURPLE “data”.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DA5SN3Y8,2023-09-03,Kenneth J. Bures,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-25T08:42:46Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2022.2064200,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4292061453,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4292061453,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 2770,The Woman All Spies Fear: Code Breaker Elizebeth Smith Friedman and Her Hidden Life,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/618253/the-woman-all-spies-fear-by-amy-butler-greenfield/9780593127193,"An inspiring true story, perfect for fans of Hidden Figures, about an American woman who pioneered codebreaking in WWI and WWII but was only recently recognized for her extraordinary contributions. A YALSA EXCELLENCE IN NONFICTION FINALIST • A KIRKUS REVIEWS BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR Elizebeth Smith Friedman had a rare talent for spotting patterns and solving puzzles. These skills led her to become one of the top cryptanalysts in America during both World War I and World War II. She originally came to code breaking through her love for Shakespeare when she was hired by an eccentric millionaire to prove that Shakespeare's plays had secret messages in them. Within a year, she had learned so much about code breaking that she was a star in the making. She went on to play a major role decoding messages during WWI and WWII and also for the Coast Guard's war against smugglers. Elizebeth and her husband, William, became the top code-breaking team in the US, and she did it all at a time when most women weren't welcome in the workforce. Amy Butler Greenfield is an award-winning historian and novelist who aims to shed light on this female pioneer of the STEM community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WC587R5C,2021-10-26,Amy B. Greenfield,Penguin Random House Canada,,2024-02-24T23:56:04Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2771,Analysis of a late 19th century french cipher created by Major Josse,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2021.1996484,"Rémi Géraud-Stewart and David Naccache have recently discovered historical documents from the late 19th century, written by Major H.D. Josse of the French Army, that describe a proposal for a new cipher. In our paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of the cipher and a revised formal description of the cipher based on the examples given by Josse. We also present classes of cryptologically equivalent keys, and a possible attack based on ciphertext isomorphs, that can be implemented with only pen-and-paper. We also describe a new ciphertext-only stochastic attack, based on simulated annealing, that can recover the key and the plaintext from ciphertexts with only 75 letters. We are planning to implement the cipher in CrypTool 2, an e-learning platform for cryptography.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/587PB2Z3,2023-01-02,George Lasry,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-24T23:54:28Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/01611194.2021.1996484,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4206247520,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206247520,2022.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2021.1996484,0.0 2772,The origin of military cryptanalysis in Czechoslovakia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2022.2158448,"Josef Růžek was one of the best cryptography and cryptanalysis specialists in Czechoslovakia. In addition to his various achievements in cryptanalysis, he was involved in building the encryption service and training new experts in cryptanalysis in Czechoslovakia. We present detailed information on the origin of cryptanalysis in Czechoslovakia based on documents from Czech and Slovak archives. We mainly focus on the written courses of cryptanalysis organized by Růžek and on the first Czechoslovak manual of cryptanalysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6NZE8U4H,2023-02-21,Eugen Antal,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-24T23:49:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2022.2158448,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4321452011,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4321452011,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,,1.0 2773,No More Secrets: My part in codebreaking at Bletchley Park and the Pentagon,Book,https://www.mardlebooks.com/no-more-secrets,"The true and extraordinary story of one of the last surviving women to have worked in codebreaking at both Bletchley Park and the Pentagon. Born one hundred years ago, Betty Webb MBE, LOH (Legion of Honour) has had a ringside seat to history. After graduating from school, she faced the usual limited opportunities for employment on offer to women at the time. However, with the war in full swing, fate intervened and in 1941, wanting to play her part in the war effort, Betty joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service (Women’s Army). After being interviewed by an intelligence officer, she found herself at Euston station with her kit-bag, a travel warrant in her pocket and instructions to get off the train at Bletchley Park. Between 1941 and 1945 Betty played a vital role in the top-secret efforts being made to decipher the secret communications of the Germans and later the Japanese. In 1945, as other members of the forces returned home from the war in Europe, she was sent to the Pentagon and was in Washington DC when the atomic bombs fell and when Eisenhower announced the end of the war. Betty was unable to reveal the true nature of her work, even to her parents, until years later. In this fascinating book, she revisits the key moments of her life and recounts the incredible stories from her time at Bletchley Park.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BJAZJM86,2023-05-04,Betty Webb,Mardle Books,,2024-02-24T23:45:04Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2774,Leo Marks’ “mental one-time pad”: an experimental cipher for British special operations in World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2023.2259376,"During World War II, Leo Marks designed ciphers for the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). Tasked with ensuring that SOE undercover agents could encrypt radio transmissions from Nazi-occupied Europe to British headquarters, Marks introduced one-time pad ciphers with random keys printed on materials like paper and silk. However, carrying such materials was risky for agents. In an attempt to mitigate this risk, Marks experimented with a system he called the “Mental One-Time Pad” (MOP) cipher. Contrary to its name, the MOP cipher was not a genuine one-time pad system, but rather used double columnar transposition with memorized texts to create unique substitution keys. In this article, we’ll explore the design, vulnerabilities, and historical significance of the MOP cipher, and discuss potential improvements from US Army cryptographer William Friedman.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4HIV9L8N,2023-10-11,Thomas Larsen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-24T23:40:09Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2023.2259376,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387542100,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 2775,"Queen of Codes: The Secret Life of Emily Anderson, Britain’s Greatest Female Codebreaker",Book,https://www.headline.co.uk/titles/jackie-ui-chionna/queen-of-codes/9781472295477/,"When the history of British codebreaking is told, the story is often a men-only preserve (for example, of the top fourteen listed actors in Bletchley Park-set The Imitation Game, only one is a woman). That perception completely ignores the fact that the vast majority of codebreakers were in fact women. And foremost among them was one who is largely unknown to the public, and whose activities were a secret even to her closest contacts – Emily Anderson. Anderson was a leading member of British intelligence for over three decades. She played key roles in both World Wars, worked in Bletchley Park and in the Middle East, and was reckoned among the top three female codebreakers in the world. Her work coincided with her other great love – music. She is famous in musicology circles as being the first to effectively decipher the letters and diaries of Mozartand Beethoven. In 1961 Germany awarded her their highest honour, the Order of Merit First Class, completely ignorant of the fact that the interpretative skills they were honouring were the same utilised to defeat their military only a few years previously. Secrecy was the keyword of her life, as she also had affairs with other women at a time when such was not generally accepted. That few are familiar with her name is no surprise. Even those close to her had little idea that she had such a significant role in international affairs. Now, this startling new narrative of her life, complete with new material and sources The Queen of Codes will place Emily Anderson at the forefront of great British codebreakers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3669PKEA,2023-04-13,Jackie Ui Chionna,Headline,,2024-02-24T23:36:52Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2776,The undisclosed history of the Dutch governmental telex-message security 1945–1960,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2023.2258877,"The information behind the Dutch governmental telex message security 1945–1960 was stored in private hidden archives, our national General Intelligence and Security Service and the National Archive. Therefore, it became unknow information. The article describes the reasons behind the need for a national developed secure cryptosystem. But also, the obstacles and politics behind the developing and the producing of the OTP-systems at the national PTT for the Ministry of Foreign affairs and the Royal Dutch Navy. It also reveals the politics to transfer the subject cryptography to the national IT industry: Philips, which became the start of the commercial crypto industry in the Netherlands in 1957.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D3EPEAGZ,2023-11-02,M. R. Oberman,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-24T23:33:16Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2023.2258877,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388232580,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 2777,T.R. Hollcroft’s Problem,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2023.2277276,"JN-25 was the primary World War II Japanese naval cipher. It was introduced in 1939 and evolved throughout the war, presenting US Navy codebreakers with a succession of challenges. When JN-25N-62 was introduced on 25 July 1944, one question that arose for US Navy codebreakers was the function of two digits in the starting point indicator: did they represent a pair of single-digit numbers or a single two-digit number? US Navy codebreakers knew Japanese cipher clerks often chose an additive in the leftmost column of a page of additives as the starting point for the string of text additives. This lack of randomness enabled an attack on the indicator. Navy codebreakers used a statistical test to decide between the two possibilities. Construction of the necessary probability tables was assigned to Temple Rice Hollcroft, a mathematician on the faculty of Wells College. Hollcroft’s problem is documented in an internal Navy history, but that history raises almost as many questions as it answers. This article explores the construction of Hollcroft’s tables, how they were used, and why Hollcroft was selected to construct the tables.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B3Z6SG2M,2024-01-29,"Chris Christensen, Sandy Zabell, Conner Ernst, Hanna Schmitt, Matthew Henn",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-24T23:30:55Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2023.2277276,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391356405,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391356405,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,,1.0 2778,The Japanese Green Machine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2023.2263001,"In May 1945 an Imperial Japanese Army Green cipher machine was captured at Baguio in the Philippines. The machine was unlike any previous Japanese cipher machine that was known to U.S. codebreakers; GREEN made use of multiple irregularly stepping rotors and a fractionating matrix. The U.S. Army’s Signal Security Agency began an urgent effort to understand the machine and its weaknesses, design an attack, and construct an analog. However, three months after the capture of a Green Machine, the war with Japan ended without any messages enciphered by GREEN having been intercepted. Six months after the war ended, construction of a GREEN analog was completed, and the analog was delivered to the museum.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JGU4DPMV,2024-02-05,Chris Christensen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-24T23:29:01Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611194.2023.2263001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391539569,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2779,Deciphering Mary Stuart’s lost letters from 1578-1584,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2022.2160677,"Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots (1542–1587), has left an extensive corpus of letters held in various archive collections. There is evidence, however that other letters from Mary Stuart are missing from those collections, such as letters referenced in other sources but not found elsewhere. In Under the Molehill – an Elizabethan Spy Story, John Bossy writes that a secret correspondence with her associates and allies, prior to its compromise in mid-1583, was “kept so secure that none of it has survived, and we don’t know what was in it.” We have found over 55 letters fully in cipher in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, which, after we broke the code and deciphered the letters, unexpectedly turned out to be letters from Mary Stuart, addressed mostly to Michel de Castelnau Mauvissière, the French ambassador to England. Written between 1578 and 1584, those newly deciphered letters are most likely part of the aforementioned secret correspondence considered to have been lost, and they constitute a voluminous body of new primary material on Mary Stuart – about 50,000 words in total, shedding new light on some of her years of captivity in England.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/549E7RKD,2023-03-04,"George Lasry, Norbert Biermann, Satoshi Tomokiyo",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-02-24T23:05:10Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/01611194.2022.2160677,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4319788599,7.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4319788599,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2022.2160677,1.0 2780,NSA’s transformation from secret agency to public cybercrime warrior,Newspaper article,https://www.federaltimes.com/opinions/2024/02/16/nsas-transformation-from-secret-agency-to-public-cybercrime-warrior/,Opinion: Transparency is precisely what American industrial leaders and the general public need to develop active whole-of-society defenses.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7ZHR3XRD,2024-02-16T15:38:35.337Z,"Adam Maruyama, Andrew Borene",,Federal Times,2024-02-23T17:49:55Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2781,Leaked hacking files show Chinese spying on citizens and foreigners alike,Newspaper article,https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/leaked-hacking-files-show-chinese-spying-on-citizens-and-foreigners-alike,"Among the apparent targets of tools provided by the impacted company, I-Soon, are ethnicities and dissidents in parts of China that have seen significant anti-government protests like Hong Kong or Xinjiang.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JEVUY9V2,2024-02-21T15:52:56-05:00,"Frank Bajak, Dake Kang",,PBS NewsHour,2024-02-23T17:48:23Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2782,"US intelligence casts doubt on Israeli claims of UNRWA-Hamas links, report says",Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/22/us-intelligence-unrwa-hamas,Intel report says some accusations that aid workers participated in Hamas attacks credible but could not be independently verified,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8WRGWSFG,2024-02-22T17:58:33.000Z,Guardian Staff,,The Guardian,2024-02-23T17:47:06Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2783,The Age of Intelligence Diplomacy,Magazine article,https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/02/19/russia-ukraine-us-intelligence-diplomacy-invasion-anniversary/,The Iraq War highlighted its risks. Russia’s war in Ukraine showcased its opportunities.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KXQLLJCR,2024-02-19,Brett M. Holmgren,,Foreign Policy,2024-02-23T17:45:13Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2784,‘Implacable Enemies’? The Labour Party and the intelligence community in 1920s Britain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2023.2293742,"The 1920s marked the first decade in which the Labour Party and the British intelligence community had to work closely together. Their relations during this period, which were often strained, have come to be defined by the Zinoviev letter affair. Allegations that intelligence officials leaked the Zinoviev letter to bring down the Labour government in 1924 have persisted for the last century. Using documents that have been largely unexplored, this article argues that the Zinoviev affair was not an isolated incident. It uses two specific case studies to show that a small number of intelligence officials also leaked sensitive information, in the years before and after 1924, in an attempt to undermine and discredit prominent Labour Party figures. By analysing events in the years before and after the Zinoviev affair, the article illustrates how relations between the British state and the Labour Party fluctuated providing a fresh understanding of Labour Party-intelligence relations during the interwar years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A22ZBZ29,2024-01-12,"George Kassimeris, Oliver Price",Routledge,Contemporary British History,2024-02-23T14:57:29Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/13619462.2023.2293742,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390810788,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13619462.2023.2293742?needAccess=true, 2785,THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION: SECURING THE METRO RAILWAY AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6375,"On November 13, 2023, Chief Officer Dave Jones presented The Role of Intelligence in Critical Infrastructure Protection: Securing the Metro Railway and Public Transportation for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were that North American passenger transit systems, such as railways and buses, lack robust safety screening systems, the challenges balancing visibility and effectiveness with cost and aesthetics as cities grow and transit usage increases; and the importance of increased information sharing, employing emerging technologies, risk assessments, and adaptation to the safety of transit networks. Received: 01-14-2024 Revised: 01-26-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9XICFFK3,2024-01-31,Dave Jones,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-23T09:03:07Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6375,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446032,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6375/5637, 2786,Military Intelligence as a Dual Professional Identity: A Response to “Military–Intelligence Relations: Explaining the Oxymoron”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2292944,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XBWCAPWD,2024-01-03,Jack Duffield,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-02-23T01:15:15Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2292944,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390535714,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2787,Intelligence and operational warning: lessons from Ukraine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2024.2319128,"This paper examines the challenges of operational analysis as displayed in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Despite the tremendous success of strategic warning, analysts grossly over-estimated conventional Russian military capabilities and under-estimated the Ukrainians’ capability and will. Even after observing Russia’s operational capabilities and tactics, analysts again over-estimated Russia’s ability to secure Eastern Ukraine. This study finds that poor understanding of military campaigns is the result of six contributing factors. One, risk management requires tradeoffs based on competing priorities and finite resources inevitably creating blind spots. Two, there can be insufficient collection for operational details due to a focus on strategic requirements or tactical intelligence. Three, an insufficient number of analysts required to cover a breadth of topics leaving them susceptible to challenges like mirror-imaging or single source bias, culminates in poor analysis. Four, Russian and Western external and internal strategic narratives were filled with deception. Fifth, despite ‘need to share’ policies, information stovepipes continue to plague Western intelligence agencies. Finally, a lack of professional wargaming can lead to an analysis-centric view that ignores the valuable expertise of operators and logisticians. Each of these factors contributed to analysts’ poor understanding of the operational level of war in the Russia-Ukraine conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/INSCIK7Y,2024-02-21,Mike Fowler,Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2024-02-23T01:03:16Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/18335330.2024.2319128,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392004277,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2788,"British Secret Service Activity in Khorassan, 1887–1908",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/british-secret-service-activity-in-khorassan-18871908/3F8E4F3F0C6A6133B331465F8B635523,"When great powers quarrel their lesser neighbours are often worst affected. Cajoled and wooed, they are drawn into conflicts they would prefer to avoid. Such involvement may exacerbate internal weaknesses and end by damaging them long after the causes of the original dispute have faded. Nineteenth-century Iran became drawn into Anglo-Russian rivalries in Central Asia as each sought to secure her assistance. Spectators of the so-called ‘Great Game’ were not allowed: the boxes were part of the field of play.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WBWHRMKK,1984/09,L. P. Morris,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T22:52:38Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1017/S0018246X0001801X,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027432690,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027432690,2012.0,2016.0,1984.0,,28.0 2789,"WEHRMACHT PERCEPTIONS OF MASS VIOLENCE IN CROATIA, 1941–1942",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/wehrmacht-perceptions-of-mass-violence-in-croatia-19411942/F65FA6A58F5297AAF92F12A33E815117,"During the Second World War, the Independent State of Croatia was the scene of intense guerrilla warfare as well as a programme of ethnic cleansing undertaken primarily, though not exclusively, by the Croatian state under the control of the Ustaša fascist party. This article investigates the Wehrmacht’s contrasting perceptions of its own violence in the anti-partisan war and its views of the Ustaša’s assault on Croatia’s Serb minority. The author argues that these different views emanated from the Wehrmacht’s conviction that its strategic concepts offered the only correct strategy for the prosecution of modern warfare. As the key to victory, Wehrmacht staff officers emphasized the maximization of force on the operational level. By contrast, the Ustaša state pursued a strategy of nationalizing war that moved away from Wehrmacht strategic concepts and infuriated Wehrmacht staff officers. Moreover, the Wehrmacht employed a starkly different vocabulary in describing its own violence and Ustaša violence. These descriptions more deeply entrenched the Wehrmacht’s sense of difference regarding the two types of violence. By examining the Wehrmacht’s views of violence, this article suggests that factors other than anti-Slavic racism more strongly determined the way in which the Wehrmacht both perceived and acted out violence in Eastern Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WQ4F2GAG,2001/12,Jonathan E. Gumz,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T22:51:36Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1017/S0018246X01001996,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092553911,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092553911,2013.0,2017.0,2001.0,,12.0 2790,READING THE RUNES? THE UNITED STATES AND THE MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD AS SEEN THROUGH THE WIKILEAKS CABLES,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/reading-the-runes-the-united-states-and-the-muslim-brotherhood-as-seen-through-the-wikileaks-cables/EC9F2D16BF80FA3B04AC5276C1407D09,"The aftermath of Hosni Mubarak's forced abdication as president of Egypt in 2011 brought the culmination of a long-running debate over whether Western governments should engage with the Muslim Brotherhood. At the heart of that debate was the question of how to judge the Brothers: as ‘moderates’ with whom the US might do business, or as part of a movement ultimately hostile to American interests. As this article demonstrates, the idea of engaging in some form of dialogue with the Brotherhood is itself nothing new to United States diplomats. An examination of the Wikileaks cache of documents confirms that contacts of varying kinds have existed since the first half of the 1980s (with dialogue only abandoned for a brief period during the early years of the ‘war on terror’). Such contacts were a product of the normal, low-level political intelligence-gathering conducted by all American embassies; at no stage were they allowed to jeopardize America's key strategic alliance with the Mubarak regime. Nevertheless, the cables pertaining to the Muslim Brotherhood do reveal the limits of such diplomacy, with officials often struggling either to understand the character of the Brotherhood, or read the runes of its internal contours. In particular, the question of whether the Muslim Brothers should indeed be seen as ‘moderates ‘– and as suitable partners for the US – is shown to be one of enduring, but unresolved, concern. The history of this relationship thus serves as a crucial backdrop to contemporary debates and developments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I589XHBM,2013/09,"Martyn Frampton, Ehud Rosen",,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T22:49:52Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1017/S0018246X13000150,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2100125993,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2100125993,2018.0,2022.0,2013.0,,5.0 2791,"Proximity, Patronage and Politics in the Correspondence of Lady Elizabeth Anson, c. 1748–1760",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/proximity-patronage-and-politics-in-the-correspondence-of-lady-elizabeth-anson-c-17481760/434456885460754CFAF8AE5DA35F42B3,"This article examines the life of Lady Elizabeth Anson (1725–60), daughter of Philip Yorke, 1st earl of Hardwicke, and the wife of Admiral George Lord Anson, first lord of the admiralty. Using a sample of her letters, this article argues that Lady Anson engaged with letter-writing as an inherently political activity. Previous studies of Lady Anson’s correspondence have emphasized her role in the Yorkes’ political network, but this article foregrounds her marriage to Lord Anson and her life at the admiralty. In a marriage shaped by the strains of naval service, Lady Anson used her talents as a letter-writer to establish a role for herself as her husband’s political partner. Building on the work of Elaine Chalus, Judith Lewis, and Sarah Richardson, this article explores the ways in which Lady Anson used letters to disseminate intelligence and negotiate patronage. It examines her friendship with the powerful admiralty secretary, John Cleveland, and considers the ways in which her physical proximity to the admiralty office gave her privileged access to the inner workings of the Royal Navy. Consequently, her writing provides important insights into the ways in which elite women could use letters to establish their own political authority.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6JHG8GFC,2023/12,Alice Whitehead,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:50:22Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1017/S0018246X23000432,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386783954,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386783954,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/434456885460754CFAF8AE5DA35F42B3/S0018246X23000432a.pdf/div-class-title-proximity-patronage-and-politics-in-the-correspondence-of-lady-elizabeth-anson-c-1748-1760-div.pdf,1.0 2792,"SWEDISH COUNTERINTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS AGAINST BRITISH ECONOMIC WARFARE IN SCANDINAVIA, 1939–1940",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/swedish-counterintelligence-operations-against-british-economic-warfare-in-scandinavia-19391940/E948D1E2D6B5105D60F47BBE1CCEDD62,"This article examines the Swedish security establishment's counterintelligence measures directed against British preparations for economic warfare in Scandinavia in 1939–40. Although Stockholm was an intense spying location, there exists a gap in the historiography concerning the topic. At the beginning of the war, the British government regarded economic warfare as an efficient tool for shaking the foundations of the German war economy. Economic warfare included blockades, sabotage, psychological warfare, and diplomatic threats. The present study explores Swedish operations against George Binney, who worked for the British government in war-trade-related issues. The article shows that the Swedish security service had difficulties in obtaining intelligence on Binney because of the reliance on casual informants, whose information was imprecise and sometimes misleading. The British succeeded in uncovering some of the Swedish counterintelligence tactics and this led to problems in capturing significant information, for example, via communication monitoring. The Swedish archival sources have added considerable new empirical details regarding British preparations for blockade running in July 1940. The study also shows that British officials operated on very dangerous ground, as some of the individuals they worked with were enemy agents or in a position to forward information in several different directions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ISBBTHL8,2021/03,Mika Suonpää,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:49:40Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1017/S0018246X20000278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3047241316,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 2793,"The Failure of British Counter-Espionage against Germany, 1907–1914",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/failure-of-british-counterespionage-against-germany-19071914/8DE2842251AFF2C095A6CA063A4559D2,"Modern British counter-espionage effectively began in April 1907, when a joint conference of naval and military officials, formed the previous year to consider ‘the Powers Possessed by the Executive in Time of Emergency’, recommended both an immediate strengthening of the laws against espionage, and a War is Office investigation of ‘the question of police surveillance and control of aliens’. These recommendations were to prove an important initiative, and did much to determine the course of British counter-espionage before 1914, yet at the time they probably seemed little more than an airing of old grievances unlikely to find new support, for they were among the last remnants n. of the abortive ‘Emergency Powers Bill’ which the War Office intelligence department had been advocating to strengthen home defence ever since the invasion scare of 1888. The 1906 joint conference had in fact hoped to further the cause of this great legislative package, with its radically new powers of access, requisition and seizure but, faced with the Liberal administration's commitment to the ‘continuous principle’ that a full-scale landing was impossible, had been forced instead to confine itself to the purely naval and military aspects of home defence. As its report confessed in April 1907, in the prevailing climate of opinion the only hope for the great ‘Emergency Powers Bill’ was as a series of ‘small and independent measures’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MFT2SSRA,1985/12,Nicholas Hiley,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:49:17Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1017/S0018246X00005094,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046435616,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046435616,2012.0,2023.0,1985.0,,27.0 2794,The Detention of Non-Enemy Civilians Escaping to Britain during the Second World War,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/detention-of-nonenemy-civilians-escaping-to-britain-during-the-second-world-war/5017EFEDF52794DF26418D8DE33DCEB2,"Thousands of civilians from Allied and neutral countries reached Britain during the Second World War. Nearly all who arrived between 1941 and 1945 were detained for interrogation – an unprecedented course of action by Britain which has nevertheless seldomly been studied. This article focuses on the administrative history of this process and the people it affected. It demonstrates how certain parts of the state treated non-Britons with suspicion throughout the war, long after fears of a ‘fifth column’ had subsided. At the same time, others saw them favourably, not least because many either offered intelligence, intended to volunteer with the Allied Forces, or work for the war industry. Examining how these conflicting views co-existed within a single detention camp, this article thus illustrates the complex relationship that existed between non-Britons and the wartime state, which perceived them simultaneously as suspects, assets, and allies. By making use of the thousands of resulting interrogation reports, the article also offers more detail than currently exists on the gender and nationality background of those who reached Britain, as well as about the journeys they took to escape occupied territory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4VUEQMM,2022/03,Artemis J. Photiadou,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:49:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1017/S0018246X2100008X,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3139180790,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/5017EFEDF52794DF26418D8DE33DCEB2/S0018246X2100008Xa.pdf/div-class-title-the-detention-of-non-enemy-civilians-escaping-to-britain-during-the-second-world-war-div.pdf, 2795,The Secret Cold War: The C.I.A. and American Foreign Policy in Europe 1946–1956. Part II,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/secret-cold-war-the-cia-and-american-foreign-policy-in-europe-19461956-part-ii/1A9CE4ADD14FC332390FEA74CF2C31E5,"The C.I.A. was taxed with five major intelligence failures by the influential New York Herald Tribune on 2 August 1950. This newpaper article was only part of a widespread campaign to reorganize the C.I.A. The concern of the C.I.A. director, Admiral Roscoe Hillenkoetter, over the allegations was so acute that on the following day he prepared an apologia sent to President Truman. Three of the alleged failures of prediction concerned the defeat of the Chinese Nationalists, events in Palestine and the 1948 Bogota conference – the last now largely forgotten but the cause of great contemporary scandal when Secretary of State Marshall was attacked by a mob. The other two were in Europe. They were the inability to predict the fall of Czechoslovakia and the defection of Tito. Blaming the C.I.A. for not predicting the communist coup in Czechoslovakia was unfair, but there was more substance to the accusation concerning Yugoslavia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BSL3A4DA,1982/09,Trevor Barnes,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:48:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1017/S0018246X00011833,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4241230444,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4241230444,2019.0,2019.0,1982.0,,37.0 2796,CONTINUING DEBATE AND NEW APPROACHES IN COLD WAR HISTORY,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/continuing-debate-and-new-approaches-in-cold-war-history/15E43AF28FF416CD5D51AAE71F94910B,"The Cold War lasted for almost fifty years and ended nearly twenty years ago. A vast historiography continues to grow. In explaining the past and continuing debate, this article is necessarily selective. It has three aims. The first is to locate the main phases and trends in the debate about the Cold War. The second is to analyse the growing literature on the end of the Cold War. Thirdly, it attempts to identify a number of major themes by looking beyond geopolitical issues to various aspects of the cultural Cold War, to espionage and intelligence, and to the economic dimension. The review has three main conclusions. First, diplomacy and strategic issues have been extensively explored, though more is needed on the Soviet Union and especially on China. Secondly, analysis of the economic and intelligence dimension has improved, though, again, knowledge of the Soviet Union and China remains thin. Lastly, the growing coverage of cultural issues has deepened our understanding but needs to be integrated into political and strategic narratives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A68SI2TM,2007/12,Michael F. Hopkins,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:47:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1017/S0018246X07006437,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006931287,37.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006931287,2014.0,2026.0,2007.0,,7.0 2797,THE RISE OF THE AMBASSADRESS: ENGLISH AMBASSADORIAL WIVES AND EARLY MODERN DIPLOMATIC CULTURE,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/rise-of-the-ambassadress-english-ambassadorial-wives-and-early-modern-diplomatic-culture/F555798D4A814E7021E878ECD712EA40,"This article reveals how the ambassadress became an important part of early modern diplomatic culture, from the invention of the role in the early sixteenth century. As resident embassies became common across the early modern period, wives increasingly accompanied these diplomatic postings. Such a development has, however, received almost no scholarly attention to date, despite recent intense engagement with the social and cultural dimensions of early modern diplomacy. By considering the activities of English ambassadresses from the 1530s to 1700, accompanying embassies both inside and outside of Europe, it is possible not only to integrate them into narratives of diplomacy, but also to place their activities within broader global and political histories of the period. The presence of the ambassadress changed early modern diplomatic culture, through the creation of gendered diplomatic courtesies, gendered gift-giving practices, and gendered intelligence-gathering networks. Through female sociability networks at their host court, ambassadresses were able to access diplomatic intelligence otherwise restricted from their husbands. This was never more true than for those ambassadresses who held bonds of friendship with politically influential women at their host or home court, allowing them to influence political decision-making central to the success of the diplomatic mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LFDQBLX3,2019/09,Gemma Allen,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:46:10Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1017/S0018246X1800016X,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2810901986,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2810901986,2019.0,2025.0,2018.0,,1.0 2798,Policing the Cold War: The Emergence of New Police Structures in Europe 1946–1953,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/policing-the-cold-war-the-emergence-of-new-police-structures-in-europe-19461953/66B8E516978BDE18BE55B215C6EA8A99,"We have recently been reminded of the existence of a ‘missing dimension’ in national security affairs, namely the whole question of secret intelligence and clandestine operations. It can also be suggested that the question of internal security has traditionally represented another gap, though one that occurs for very different reasons. Traditionally, secret intelligence was often unavailable as a subject for comment or academic study precisely because of its secrecy. Internal security included some areas of sensitive political surveillance that fell into the same category; but continued across the spectrum to regular uniformed police work, a subject apparently too mundane and obvious for inclusion in accounts of political history. Police of all categories belong, it seems, to social rather than political history – the world of ‘history with the politics left out’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HSCIGTUX,1988/03,Philip Jenkins,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:44:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1017/S0018246X00012024,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999804103,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999804103,2016.0,2016.0,1988.0,,28.0 2799,"The Secret Cold War: the C.I.A. and American Foreign Policy in Europe, 1946–1956. Part I",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/secret-cold-war-the-cia-and-american-foreign-policy-in-europe-19461956-part-i/54F2C8106A28BA1E1EE67B332F14E58E,"President Truman celebrated the birth of the central intelligence agency with a private lunch at the White House on 24 January 1946. He invited the first director of central intelligence, Admiral Sidney Souers, and the president's chief of staff, Admiral William Leahy. Truman appeared with wooden daggers and black hats and coats which he presented to his guests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6CJW53NN,1981-06-01,Trevor Barnes,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:43:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1017/S0018246X00005537,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2164540005,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2164540005,2013.0,2026.0,1981.0,,32.0 2800,"INTELLIGENCE AND LLOYD GEORGE'S SECRET DIPLOMACY IN THE NEAR EAST, 1920–1922",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/intelligence-and-lloyd-georges-secret-diplomacy-in-the-near-east-19201922/430355EAD55C07BD149395A42F56260A,"The article seeks to establish the significance of intercepted Greek diplomatic messages as both historical source and catalyst in Britain's Near Eastern policy in the crucial years of 1920–2. Specifically, the intercepts reveal how members of the British government, foremost among them the prime minister, covertly supported Greek expansion in Asia Minor even after declaring neutrality in the conflict. Such evidence confirms rumours that were dismissed as fallacious by those implicated and by their defenders in later historiography. Aside from their value as historical sources, the intercepts had an immediate and significant impact which has also been neglected. Intelligence regarding a distant conflict became central to a war at the heart of Westminster and helped mobilize a cross-party, transnational coalition against Lloyd George's foreign policy in the region. Although Lloyd George's opponents, incited by intelligence revelations, eventually succeeded in transforming British policy, this reverse did little to reduce the scale of the resultant catastrophe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q9UM7RBX,2013-09-01,Daniel-Joseph Macarthur-Seal,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:41:39Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1017/S0018246X12000519,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085359953,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085359953,2018.0,2026.0,2013.0,,5.0 2801,Treasury Control and Labour Intelligence in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/treasury-control-and-labour-intelligence-in-late-victorian-and-edwardian-britain/8D264121FCDE6BBB6C26493FEAD3ED9E,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YTE5R7M3,1985-09-01,Roger Davidson,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:40:37Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1017/S0018246X00003393,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2121418615,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2121418615,2018.0,2021.0,1985.0,,33.0 2802,"The Anti-Jacobite Intelligence System of the English Ministers, 1715–1715",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/antijacobite-intelligence-system-of-the-english-ministers-17151715/91CAED4C3FB19FA1004B7ACE9E774AEF,"Following the Atterbury plot of 1722 the earl of Orrery, one of the prominent English Jacobites, told James III that they must bend all their efforts ‘to lull the Government asleep and make them believe there are no further thoughts of designs against them’. Their efforts were never to be realized, for to the English government ministerial idleness where Jacobites were concerned was a luxury it felt it could not afford. By 1716 the government had been made too well aware of the threat this group presented to its position. Reversal could only be avoided through close vigilance and the early detection of plot and conspiracy. Their earlier experiences of attempted plots, near assassinations, foreign aid, open rebellion, and the inability to gauge the movement's strength, created in the ministers between 1715 and 1745 an almost pathological fear of a Stuart restoration. It was never to subside but only to increase with each passing year, reaching its climax during the administration of Robert Walpole. Dissatisfaction with the existing system under the Hanoverians and the presence of an alternative choice on the continent were two facts that could not be overlooked. Jacobitism as a rallying cry for the disaffected in England, Ireland, and Scodand was an obvious reality. Each ministry, in varying degrees, pursued what appeared to it to be the hideous, all-pervasive force of Jacobitism – a force that seemed to assume infinite proportions the less visible it was to the eye. Jacobites must be hunted out, their secrets penetrated, their plans squashed. The best evidence of this pre-occupation of the government with fear of a Stuart restoration lies in an examination of its methods of securing intelligence through the post office, the employment of spies, and personal interviews with the Jacobites themselves.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NLFP7TUV,1973-06-01,Paul S. Fritz,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T20:39:16Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1017/S0018246X00005860,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2144912693,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2144912693,2013.0,2025.0,1973.0,,40.0 2803,A. The Technical Means of the Intelligence and Order-Transmitting Service,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03071841309427165,"Published in Royal United Services Institution. Journal (Vol. 57, No. 426, 1913)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IJTJV8QG,1913-8-1,,Taylor and Francis,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T18:34:46Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/03071841309427165,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4240460988,0.0,False,,,,1913.0,, 2804,"Intelligence Surveillance of British Ex-Servicemen, 1918–1920",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/intelligence-surveillance-of-british-exservicemen-19181920/4A7BA3D40E4FC7F52C236BC869786552,//static.cambridge.org/content/id/urn%3Acambridge.org%3Aid%3Aarticle%3AS0018246X00003770/resource/name/firstPage-S0018246X00003770a.jpg,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NQ3PN6C8,1973-03-01,Stephen R. Ward,,The Historical Journal,2024-02-22T19:30:46Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1017/S0018246X00003770,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995640152,29.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995640152,2014.0,2023.0,1973.0,,41.0 2805,Asian American Officials Cite Unfair Scrutiny and Lost Jobs in China Spy Tensions,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/31/us/politics/china-spy-asian-americans.html,National security employees with ties to Asia say U.S. counterintelligence officers wrongly regard them as potential spies and ban them from jobs.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XDZ69GZB,2023-12-31,"Edward Wong, Amy Qin",,The New York Times,2024-02-22T11:15:03Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2806,"Women, intelligence and countering terrorism (CT) in Indonesia: Where are the women?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2024.2319121,"This article explores women's roles in Indonesian intelligence services in response to the rising trend of women’s involvement in terrorism in Indonesia. It seeks to understand the extent to which gender dynamics influence women’s roles in CT efforts, including detection, surveillance, analysis, and intelligence gathering. Employing Feminist Security Studies and gendered organisational lens frameworks, the paper analyses women’s experiences in masculinist intelligence institutions. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) adopted in 1979 and The United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 2242 adopted in 2015 highlight the importance of gender in promoting women’s participation in security sectors, including within the intelligence agencies. Focusing on Indonesia as a case study, this paper conducts a gender analysis to examine how gender and the framing of female bodies construct and affect women’s roles within the Indonesian intelligence agencies as institutions of hegemonic masculinity. Drawing from data obtained through interviews with intelligence agents and experts from 2021 to 2023 in Indonesia, this paper argues that despite women’s crucial roles in CT efforts, they still encounter gender bias, discrimination, stigmatisation, societal gender norms and systemic neglect of their specific needs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZL5KAESS,2024-02-19,Nuri Widiastuti Veronika,Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2024-02-22T11:12:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/18335330.2024.2319121,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391926513,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391926513,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/18335330.2024.2319121?needAccess=true,0.0 2807,Domestic Intelligence in Nondemocratic Regimes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2024.2307451,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ENRF2NGQ,2024-02-20,"Florina Cristiana Matei, Jeff Rogg",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-02-22T10:04:34Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2024.2307451,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391951220,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391951220,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2024.2307451?needAccess=true,0.0 2808,Common Minimum Standards for Conducting Control and Oversight Visits in Security and Intelligence Institutions,Document,https://www.dcaf.ch/common-minimum-standards-conducting-control-and-oversight-visits-security-and-intelligence,"The Common Minimum Standards for Conducting Control and Oversight Visits in the Security and Intelligence Institutions in the Republic of North Macedonia (hereinafter CMS) aims to define a common denominator for control and oversight activities undertaken by a variety of state bodies. It has its foundation in national laws and procedures, but it takes inspiration from good practices, laws, and procedures developed by other European countries. The CMS aims to facilitate, across the security and intelligence sector (including both overseen institutions and oversight actors), a shared understanding and mutually agreed on acceptance of minimum standards that should apply in the conduct of control and oversight visits. The document is not aimed at replacing basic and ancillary documents for conducting control and oversight, but it should serve as a guide on how the legal control and oversight authority should be implemented in practice. It is a joint roadmap that gathers necessary minimum standards, principles, and procedures prescribed in domestic legislation and international good practice, that should facilitate and contribute to the success of control and oversight activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AIH2CENM,2021-03-04,"Raevska Lidija, Pavloski Jovan, Nineska Natasha, Ilijevski Ice",Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,,2024-02-21T23:17:11Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2809,Evaluation of Defence Intelligence [Canada],Document,https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.902151/publication.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GPGMPXCD,2002-07-01,Performance Measurement and Evaluation Committee,Performance Measurement and Evaluation Committee,,2024-02-21T23:15:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2810,2011 Independent Review of the Intelligence Community [Australia],Document,https://www.pmc.gov.au/publications/2011-independent-review-intelligence-community,"The 2011 report of the Independent Review of the Intelligence Community (the Review) was the first comprehensive review of the Australian intelligence community since the 2004 inquiry conducted by Mr Philip Flood AO. The Flood inquiry recommended that Australia's intelligence agencies undergo external review every five to seven years. The Review found that Australia's intelligence agencies are performing well following a period of significant growth to deal with the security challenges of the 9/11 decade. Other findings were that: Australia and its citizens are safer than they would otherwise have been as a result of intelligence efforts. Our intelligence capabilities have contributed significantly to the global security effort. Australia has built intelligence capabilities broadly commensurate with our growing security challenges. The current basic structure of the Australian Intelligence Community (AIC) remains appropriate, including the operational mandate of agencies. The Review covered challenges for the Australian intelligence community stemming from geo-political and technological change and made recommendations to help maintain the performance of the community in a period of resource constraints. These recommendations covered areas such as priority setting and mission integration, performance evaluation, support for innovation and strategies for managing intelligence collection in the age of abundant information. The Review found that the Australian intelligence community played a vital role in keeping Australians safe and protecting Australia's security interests. The review demonstrated that the investment in the intelligence community over the past decade had resulted in more capability and increased performance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TZIXBHQ5,2011-11-16,"Robert Cornall, Rufus Black","Independent Review of the Intelligence Community, Australian Government",,2024-02-21T23:12:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2811,Intelligence Agencies in India: Need for a public interface,Document,https://www.orfonline.org/research/intelligence-agencies-in-india-need-for-a-public-interface,"Today's intelligence agencies operate in highly complex environments. Cold War definitions and understanding of threats have long become redundant. Threats are multiple, layered, networked, diffused and transcend social and spatial boundaries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WMUNAKCD,2023-08-23,Wilson John,Observer Research Foundation,,2024-02-21T23:11:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2812,Democratic Accountability of Intelligence Services,Document,https://www.dcaf.ch/democratic-accountability-intelligence-services,"While spying is said to be the second oldest profession, intelligence accountability is a recent phenomenon. The major challenges of oversight are the focus of this paper and the three main pillars of oversight are described and analysed: executive oversight, parliamentary oversight and oversight by independent bodies. In this analysis, the concept of oversight is seen as a means of ensuring the accountability of the decisions and actions of security and intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U68GRUEU,2006-12-31,"Hans Born, Ian Leigh",Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,,2024-02-21T23:09:26Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2813,Intelligence Support for Operations in the Information Environment: Dividing Roles and Responsibilities Between Intelligence and Information Professionals,Report,https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR3161.html,"Both information operations (IO) and intelligence have long been core components of U.S. military operations, and information is the essence of both communities. What distinguishes them is how each community compiles, sorts, analyzes, and uses information. Gaps in understanding of each community's roles, responsibilities, and processes have important implications for operations in the information environment (OIE), which require a significant degree of coordination between the personnel who provide intelligence support to these operations and the personnel who are responsible for planning and conducting them. To support information operations practitioners, intelligence personnel must be familiar with the types of information that are relevant to OIE. Conversely, information operations practitioners must be familiar with intelligence products and processes for how that information is collected, analyzed, and disseminated. Despite the recent surge in interest in OIE, there is still not sufficient appreciation across the joint force for what these operations can contribute. As a result, intelligence organizations do not understand intelligence needs for OIE or routinely provide OIE-specific intelligence products, and related requests for intelligence support are not prioritized. This situation is compounded by a lack of awareness of intelligence organizations' processes and requirements among information operations staffs. A review of guidance, doctrine, and documentation on the information requirements for OIE, along with interviews with subject-matter experts, highlighted 40 challenges to effective intelligence support to OIE, along with 67 potential solutions to address them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/33SQY8ST,2020-12-09,"Michael Schwille, Anthony Atler, Jonathan Welch, Christopher Paul, Richard C. Baffa",,,2024-02-21T23:07:15Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2814,Tool 14: Intelligence and Gender,Document,https://www.dcaf.ch/tool-14-intelligence-and-gender,"Little attention has as yet been paid to gender in relation to intelligence services. However, integrating a gender perspective in intelligence collection and intelligence analysis can strengthen these processes. Moreover, intelligence services that function in pursuit of democratic goals must do their work without discrimination on the basis of sex, gender or sexual orientation. This requires measures to ensure: women and men have equal opportunities to participate in the intelligence sector; and the security needs and rights of women, men, girls and boys are equally addressed within the functions of the intelligence sector. The Tool is a resource of evidence and innovative practice. It proposes measures to be taken by governments, oversight bodies and intelligence services to ensure that intelligence services integrate a gender perspective and promote gender equality, including: processes by which to integrate a gender perspective in the intelligence cycle reform to strengthen oversight and accountability in an inclusive manner measures to strengthen a gender perspective in the oversight of intelligence services organizational leadership and active strategies to achieve gender equality, diversity and inclusion recruiting women and other groups underrepresented in intelligence services mechanisms to prevent and respond to gender-related complaints. The Tool presents case studies from around the world, plus an institutional self-assessment checklist.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ACXELAFZ,2020-02-27,Lauren Hutton,Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,,2024-02-21T23:04:48Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2815,Intelligence Services of The Czech Republic: Current Legal Status and Its Development,Document,https://www.dcaf.ch/intelligence-services-czech-republic-current-legal-status-and-its-development,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BRADCKCG,2007-01-01,Petr Zeman,Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,,2024-02-21T22:59:39Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2816,Briefing to National Intelligence Oversight Bodies on the Human Rights Implications of Intelligence Sharing,Document,http://privacyinternational.org/advocacy-briefing/739/briefing-national-intelligence-oversight-bodies-human-rights-implications,"On 13 September 2017, Privacy International, in partnership with 30+ national human rights organisations, launched an international campaign for greater transparency around secretive intelligence sharing activities between governments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y6U8E4A8,2017-09-13,Privacy International,,,2024-02-21T22:57:54Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2817,Intelligence reform for peacetime – A call to reform and modernize the Afghan intelligence services,Blog post,https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/southasiasource/intelligence-reform-for-peacetime-a-call-to-reform-and-modernize-the-afghan-intelligence-services/,"The United States, as it pushes for a political settlement and withdraws its troops from Afghanistan, needs to leave a credible and professional Afghan intelligence partner behind with whom it must partner for counter-terrorism (CT) missions post-withdrawal.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5PFNS7E5,2021-03-22T20:27:19+00:00,Tamim Asey,,,2024-02-21T22:57:03Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2818,Reorganizing U.S. Domestic Intelligence: Assessing the Options,Report,https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG767.html,"One of the questions in the fight against terrorism is whether the United States needs a dedicated domestic intelligence agency separate from law enforcement, on the model of many comparable democracies. To examine this issue, Congress directed that the Department of Homeland Security perform an independent study on the feasibility of creating a counterterrorism intelligence agency and the department turned to the RAND Corporation for this analysis but asked it specifically not to make a recommendation. This volume lays out the relevant considerations for creating such an agency. It draws on a variety of research methods, including historical and legal analysis; a review of organizational theory; examination of current domestic intelligence efforts, their history, and the public's view of them; examination of the domestic intelligence agencies in six other democracies; and interviews with an expert panel made up of current and former intelligence and law enforcement professionals. The monograph highlights five principal problems that might be seen to afflict current domestic intelligence enterprise; for each, there are several possible solutions, and the creation of a new agency addresses only some of the five problems. The volume discusses how a technique called break-even analysis can be used to evaluate proposals for a new agency in the context of the perceived magnitude of the terrorism threat. It concludes with a discussion of how to address the unanswered questions and lack of information that currently cloud the debate over whether to create a dedicated domestic intelligence agency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DUDHL7X7,2008-08-11,Gregory F. Treverton,,,2024-02-21T22:55:52Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2819,Modernizing Military Intelligence: Playing Catch-Up (Part One) [China],Blog post,https://jamestown.org/program/modernizing-military-intelligence-playing-catch-part-one/,This two-part series is adapted from remarks delivered at The Jamestown Foundation’s Sixth Annual China Defense and Security Conference and chapter in China’s Evolving Military Strategy (2016). Part One addresses the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) evolving thinking on intelligence. Part Two addresses the organizational aspects of how the PLA’s intelligence evolved away from military operations and how this problem is …,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/37HETDCQ,2016-12-05,Peter Mattis,,,2024-02-21T22:54:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2820,Avoiding the Politicization of Intelligence and Policy-Making,Blog post,https://besacenter.org/intelligence-politicization/,"EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: If policy-making is to be honest and clean, intelligence must not be misused for political purposes. Intelligence input should be professional, independent, and courageous. Several cases in the US illustrate the complex interaction between leadership and the intelligence community and the temptation to manipulate intelligence to gain leverage in internal political disputes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28DIRX7M,2019-03-04T05:15:36+00:00,Raphael G. Bouchnik-Chen,,,2024-02-21T22:53:17Z,['CGAXYI88'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2821,Options for Strengthening All-Source Intelligence: Substantive Change Is Within Reach,Report,https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA1245-1.html,"Foreign attacks against the United States occur frequently, but the American people, U.S. policymakers, and even some intelligence analysts have become inured to the rising temperature of these national security threats. Although changes have occurred in the structure and organization of intelligence agencies, the intelligence community (IC) continues to face long-standing challenges related to collaboration, the use of open sources, analytic tradecraft, and the risk of politicization. The current environment demands prompt consideration of changes to intelligence structures and authorities that would enable intelligence analysts to become aware of foreign interference and disinformation campaigns sooner; ensure the dissemination of unclassified intelligence assessments to everyone who needs access to them, including private sector organizations; and protect against politicization. This exploratory study sought to address these needs by proposing Big Ideas—game-changing ideas that, while bold and audacious, are also implementable without requiring major intelligence reform. Drawing from an extensive review of previous intelligence reforms and scholarly literature to understand earlier proposals and 17 interviews with current and former U.S. and foreign intelligence leaders, practitioners, and scholars, the authors identify evidence-based ideas to stimulate debate and meaningful changes in the IC that could meet today's challenges and strengthen U.S. national security against adversaries who are exploiting U.S. enterprises.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H5M57RI4,2022-02-28,"Cortney Weinbaum, Bradley M. Knopp, Soo Kim, Yuliya Shokh",,,2024-02-21T22:51:57Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZJ36V8L', 'TEMXY72R']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2822,Intelligence for the Canadian Army in the 21st Century : “enabling land operations”,Report,https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.571426/publication.html,"While the Canadian Army has almost a century of intelligence experience, the truism that “how we define what we think we are doing when we are doing intelligence shapes how we do intelligence” is affecting the type of intelligence available to the Canadian Army today. Starting from a British model of intelligence as a specific form of information, Canada moved to an American model of information as a specific component of Intelligence. However the promise of information technology and the pursuit of the RMA led the Canadian Army off in another direction in the mid 1990s to subordinate intelligence to Information Operations (IO) and Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) in its doctrinal thinking. As a result, an information management approach to intelligence has dominated. In turn, the knowledge aspect of intelligence, specifically in the areas of basic intelligence and the development of theatre expertise in intelligence analysts, has been neglected. The post-Cold War experiences of the Canadian Army have led to a series of developments in the employment of intelligence to support Land Operations, and are only now starting to positively influence the intelligence structure within the Army after over 15 years of operations. However the lack of a solid conceptual foundation has caused the Army to organize in keeping with its information management outlook, neglecting to lay the foundation for the knowledge oriented intelligence system that the Army requires to operate in the complex operations that it envisions for the future. By focusing on an intelligence doctrine specifically linked to force employment, the Army has suffered in the areas of force generation and theatre preparation prior to a deployment. To orient itself for the 21st Century, Army Intelligence needs to be re-oriented away from this information management construct and towards a knowledge management one, emphasizing integration within a Joint, Interagency, Multinational and Public (JIMP) framework to operate at both the operational and tactical levels, supported by the basic, current and estimative intelligence required to support not only force employment, but also force generation and theatre preparation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZUGG5N72,2002-07-01,J. A. E. K. Dowell,,,2024-02-21T22:49:11Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2823,"STIA assessment : future intelligence analysis capability / Erica Wiseman, National Research Council (NRC) Canada.",Report,https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.887137/publication.html,"""To address the questions posed in the project mandate, we collected data from three complementary information streams: market research, scientific and technical literature, and patent grants and applications. Results indicate this is an active and competitive space, with both commercial and military participants. Private enterprise has made significant contributions in the form of the key technologies underpinning business intelligence architectures and analytical methods. The intelligence community has adapted that functionality to its own purposes, and advanced capability in areas such as data governance and grids, security, visualization, interoperability, and the exploitation of specific types of intelligence data (sensor/signals, geospatial, visual, HUMINT)""--Abstract, page i.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XAW3QT4T,2002-07-01,Erica Wiseman,,,2024-02-21T22:45:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2824,Adapting to a Changing Environment: Defense Intelligence Agency in the 1990s,Document,https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo71576,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8AJ8K2AX,2013-01-01,"Defense Department, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Defense Intelligence Agency",Defense Department,,2024-02-21T22:44:44Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2825,2011 independent review of the intelligence community,Report,https://apo.org.au/node/27886,"This is the first comprehensive review of the Australian intelligence community since the 2004 inquiry conducted by Mr Philip Flood AO. The Flood inquiry recommended that Australia’s intelligence agencies undergo external review every five to seven years. The full, classified Report was considered by the Government in November and work is underway to implement recommendations from the review. The review found that Australia’s intelligence agencies are performing well following a period of significant growth to deal with the security challenges of the 9/11 decade. Other findings were that: Australia and its citizens are safer than they would otherwise have been as a result of intelligence efforts Our intelligence capabilities have contributed significantly to the global security effort Australia has built intelligence capabilities broadly commensurate with our growing security challenges The current basic structure of the Australian Intelligence Community (AIC) remains appropriate, including the operational mandate of agencies The review covered challenges for the Australian intelligence community over the next five years stemming from geo-political and technological change and made recommendations to help maintain the performance of the community in a period of resource constraints. These recommendations covered areas such as priority setting and mission integration, performance evaluation, support for innovation and strategies for managing intelligence collection in the age of abundant information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FYLBYFMU,2012-01-25,"Robert Cornall, Rufus Black",,,2024-02-21T22:41:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2826,NATO’s Intelligence Adaptation Challenge,Document,https://www.globsec.org/what-we-do/publications/natos-intelligence-adaptation-challenge,"This analytical paper seeks to examine NATO’s intelligence resources, assets and capabilities against the backdrop of its security environment, strategic concepts and international collaborative efforts. It assesses the Alliance’s adaptability to the dynamic expansion of information production and diffusion in the context of strategic forecast, situational awareness and operational planning. It also looks at NATO’s readiness to utilise potential synergetic intelligence opportunities in cooperation with the European Union. The last part contains conclusions and recommendations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2LL87KRI,2018-03-26,Artur Gruszczak,GLOBSEC,,2024-02-21T22:38:31Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2827,The Role of Parliaments in Overseeing Intelligence Tasking,Document,https://www.dcaf.ch/role-parliaments-overseeing-intelligence-tasking,"Intelligence tasking is the process of setting key intelligence requirements and priorities that define intelligence agency spending and the collection and analysis of intelligence. In democracies, intelligence tasking is the responsibility of the executive branch of government and reflects a state’s foreign, security, and defence policies. The output of the tasking process, commonly referred to as a ‘statement of intelligence priorities’, is usually summarized in a document that is approved by government ministers or the head of the executive. While parliaments are not directly involved in the tasking of intelligence agencies, this Thematic Brief explores the crucial role they play in overseeing the process. The Brief is divided into five sections. The first section describes the intelligence tasking process, while the second discusses the ‘intelligence cycle’. The third section outlines the means through which parliaments can oversee the strategic tasking of intelligence agencies. Finally, the fourth and fifth sections examine the barriers to effective parliamentary scrutiny of tasking and possible ways of overcoming these. The Brief concludes with recommendations on how to strengthen the role of parliament in overseeing the tasking of intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/45LHYRS8,2021-11-12,Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,,2024-02-21T22:36:19Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2828,Homeland Security: Office of Intelligence and Analysis Should Improve Privacy Oversight and Assessment of Its Effectiveness,Report,https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-23-105475,"The DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis collects and shares homeland security data with its partners in law enforcement, the intelligence...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CYKEHMD2,2023-08-28,United States Government Accountability Office,,,2024-02-21T22:34:58Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2829,Alert and Ready: An Organizational Design Assessment of Marine Corps Intelligence,Report,https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG1108.html,"As the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) has grown in strength, it has needed to add intelligence capabilities. Since the end of the Cold War and, especially, since September 11, 2001, USMC intelligence has had to tailor its organization to meet the evolving demands of the operational environment. This has resulted in a number of ad hoc arrangements, practices, and organizations. A broad review of the organizational design of the USMC intelligence enterprise examined how to align it efficiently and effectively with current and future missions and functions. Specifically, the review, which included interviews with a range of USMC personnel and civilians, considered the organization of (and possible improvements to) the Intelligence Department, the Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, the intelligence organizations within the Marine Expeditionary Forces (specifically, the intelligence and radio battalions), and intelligence structures in the combat elements. A comparison of 48 organizational and functional issues with a series of USMC intelligence and functional issues resulted in a series of recommendations to help improve the ""fit"" of USMC intelligence organizations with their environmental context. In some cases, the service would benefit not from changing its intelligence structure but by realigning it; in other areas, restructuring would lend greater efficiency and effectiveness to the USMC intelligence enterprise.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H2M7AG2U,2011-07-13,"Christopher Paul, Harry J. Thie, Katharine Watkins Webb, Stephanie Young, Colin P. Clarke, Susan G. Straus, Joya Laha, Christine Osowski, Chad C. Serena",,,2024-02-21T22:31:06Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2830,Intelligence and Security Legislation for Security Sector Reform,Report,https://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/TR288.html,"This report was prepared for the UK’s Security Sector Development Advisory Team in June 2005. Its aim is to act as a basis for discussion and to provide an opportunity to learn from the successes and failures of intelligence and security legislation in various countries. Drawing on the body of academic work in this field and the knowledge of RAND staff, this report: provides a definition of intelligence; describes in detail how intelligence is produced; examines the role of intelligence in security sector reform; highlights the importance of control and accountability in intelligence structures; examines how six countries have developed and implemented intelligence legislation and associated reforms; and, finally, draws out a number of key lessons to be considered in any future security sector reform activity encompassing intelligence structures. The report outlines the choices that need to be made when designing or implementing legislative oversight on intelligence and security services. The report will be of interest to policy makers in countries seeking to reform their security sectors and to practitioners in the international aid community seeking to support security sector reform.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YWDZSV53,2005-11-03,"Greg Hannah, Kevin A. O'Brien, Andrew Rathmell",,,2024-02-21T22:33:48Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2831,Intelligence in Denied Areas: New Concepts for a Changing Security Environment,Document,https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo84215,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VREA5YQL,2007-01-01,Russell D. Howard,Defense Department,,2024-02-21T22:25:04Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2832,Confrontation or Collaboration? Congress and the Intelligence Community,Report,https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/confrontation-or-collaboration-congress-and-intelligence-community,"The goal of Confrontation or Collaboration is to provide a guide to the complexities of the Intelligence Community to policymakers, legislators, students and the public. We hope this book leads to more informed debates and decisions about critical national security issues facing our nation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6TGEG3TZ,2009-07-01,"Eric Rosenbach, Aki J. Peritz",,,2024-02-21T17:02:47Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2833,Transforming the Intelligence Community: Improving the Collection and Management of Information,Report,https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/transforming-intelligence-community-improving-collection-and-management-information,"In the years since the end of the Cold War, the intelligence community (IC) has engaged in much soul searching but with little action. That is beginning to change in the wake of intelligence failures surrounding September 11, 2001, and in Iraq. But the solutions enacted so far, especially the creation of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, do not get to some of the real problems in the community. The community was built to follow the Soviet monolith, and it needs fundamental reforms in the ways ordinary intelligence officers work to meet the new threats of the 21st century. The field of knowledge management is a convenient starting point for attempting to understand what has to happen for the IC to become capable of dealing with 21st century threats. Knowledge management suggests that the IC of the future should seek to combine the tacit knowledge of the organization with its explicit knowledge. It should allow freer access to information and create ways of learning from both internal and external networks. Redundancy should be regarded as an important aspect of organizational design along with the strategic rotation of employees and matrix management. Finally, the IC should create mechanisms to learn from its mistakes and mechanisms that allow it to operate in real time in order to become capable of continuous innovation and adaptation. The report concludes with eight recommendations aimed at building a different, more comprehensive intelligence community capable of providing its customers with knowledge about the threats that this country and the world will face in the years ahead.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NTR7T5JY,2005-10-01,Elaine Kamarck,,,2024-02-21T16:03:50Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2834,Evaluating the Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Intelligence Analysis,Report,https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA464-1.html,"The U.S. military and intelligence community have shown interest in developing and deploying artificial intelligence (AI) systems to support intelligence analysis, both as an opportunity to leverage new technology and as a solution for an ever-proliferating data glut. However, deploying AI systems in a national security context requires the ability to measure how well those systems will perform in the context of their mission. To address this issue, the authors begin by introducing a taxonomy of the roles that AI systems can play in supporting intelligence—namely, automated analysis, collection support, evaluation support, and information prioritization—and provide qualitative analyses of the drivers of the impact of system performance for each of these categories. The authors then single out information prioritization systems, which direct intelligence analysts' attention to useful information and allow them to pass over information that is not useful to them, for quantitative analysis. Developing a simple mathematical model that captures the consequences of errors on the part of such systems, the authors show that their efficacy depends not just on the properties of the system but also on how the system is used. Through this exercise, the authors show how both the calculated impact of an AI system and the metrics used to predict it can be used to characterize the system's performance in a way that can help decisionmakers understand its actual value to the intelligence mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/978M3ZLZ,2021-08-26,"Daniel Ish, Jared Ettinger, Christopher Ferris",,,2024-02-21T16:02:47Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2835,H. Rept. 113-717 - ANNUAL REPORT ON THE ACTIVITY of the HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE for the ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH CONGRESS,Report,https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/113th-congress/house-report/717/1,House report on ANNUAL REPORT ON THE ACTIVITY of the HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE for the ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH CONGRESS. This report is by the Intelligence (Permanent Select),https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C8MXABVN,2014,House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (United States),,,2024-02-21T16:01:07Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2836,Intelligence Community: Additional Actions Needed to Strengthen Workforce Diversity Planning and Oversight,Document,https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-83,"Recruiting, developing, and retaining a diverse and inclusive workforce is part of the 2019 National Intelligence Strategy . The Intelligence...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YREM46JH,2020-12-17,United States Government Accountability Office,United States Government,,2024-02-21T15:59:19Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2837,"An ‘Exit Strategy’ Not A Winning Strategy? Intelligence Lessons Learned From The British ‘Emergency’ In South Arabia, 1963-67",Thesis,https://permanent.fdlp.gov/gpo156552/www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/ArtOfWar_ExitStrategy.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/47A7DH6W,2012-02-01,Stephen A. Campbell,,,2024-02-21T15:57:16Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Master's Thesis,University of St Andrews,,,,,,,,, 2838,The Pinkerton Pause: how opposition to pinkertonism delayed the advent of the privatized security state,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2320977,"Why has the privatization of US national security been a feature of recent history? Scholars have pointed to the need for rapid security expansion post 9/11 and to changes in economic and political ideology. As a supplementary reason, this article proposes the ending of the ‘Pinkerton Pause’, 1893–1977. Following the Homestead debacle of 1892, Congress passed the Anti-Pinkerton Act, banning detective agencies from federal service and effectively inhibiting the privatization of national security. Attempts at repeal failed. However, the US Court of Appeals Equifax decision of 1977 prepared the way for change.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8Z3Q57H4,2024-02-21,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-21T15:03:01Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2320977,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392003471,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2839,Russian spies are back—and more dangerous than ever,Magazine article,https://www.economist.com/international/2024/02/20/russian-spies-are-back-and-more-dangerous-than-ever,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L8NG3672,2024-02-20,The Economist,,The Economist,2024-02-21T09:31:26Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2840,Intelligence reporting and crisis: Swedish diplomats’ reporting of intelligence from the Baltic States 1938-1940,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2312328,"Based on a review of the correspondence between Swedish diplomats in the Baltic States and the Swedish Foreign Ministry for the years 1938–1940, the purpose of this article is, firstly, to elaborate a framework for the analysis of intelligence reporting in times of crisis, secondly, to investigate how the Swedish diplomats in the Baltic States went about to report intelligence, and thirdly, to try to reconstruct how the Swedes coped with the volatile conditions characteristic of these years. The article concludes that the period can be divided into four phases, each marked by their respective conditions for intelligence reporting, and that despite shifts to the Swedes’ access to different types of sources, they were still able to compensate for the loss of certain sources – most notably, among the Baltic political and governmental elites – and keep Stockholm updated with developments. Their effort in this regard arguably adds a new dimension to prevailing understandings of Sweden’s interwar Baltic policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/63QAYU5K,2024-02-19,Johan Matz,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-20T23:25:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2024.2312328,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392782485,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2312328, 2841,Insider attacks as one of the main threats to resolute support personnel in Afghanistan,Journal article,"https://securityanddefence.pl/Insider-attacks-as-one-of-the-main-threats-to-resolute-support-personnel-in-Afghanistan,103234,0,2.html","From July 2015, the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) moved into the Resolute Support Mission (RSM) and started acting in the supporting role. From that time, one of the most important Security Force Assistance tasks has been maintaining and developing relationships with its counterparts in the Afghan Security Institutions (ASI) and Afghan National Defence Security Forces (ANDSF). Being aware of the importance of those connections, the enemies of Afghan society have attempted a tactic named Insider Attack (IA). Insider Attack is not a new means of tactic. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Britain and the Soviet Union were victim to insider attacks. Insider attacks have a significant strategic impact on the campaign, as they erode the relationship between the Afghan National Defence Security Forces and Coalition Forces. Insider attacks occur for numerous reasons, including personal grievances, insurgent influences, psychological distress, and ideological motivations. More than half of the attackers have insurgent ties. NATO utilises Target Focused Analysis & Neutralisation and Counter Intelligence Support Teams to screen, vet, and interview persons of interest, as well as collect, analyse, and exploit biometric data, documents, and media. Other measures implemented to mitigate insider threats are the threat Awareness and Reporting Programme (TARP) and the Terrorism Espionage and Sedition briefing to RSM personnel. Incorporating appropriate lessons learned from the British, Russian and ISAF experience into RSM training and operations will have a positive impact on responding to Insider Attacks while reducing their frequency across the Combined Joint Operational Area - Afghanistan. It is clear that the common approach to defeating Insider Threats must be holistic and each activity should be conducted according to equal principles. The conceptual framework for countering Insider Threats has five functions: prepare, deter, detect, respond, recover and exploit. This conceptual framework underpins the common approach and guides of counter - measures. While skills and drills are important, combatting Insider Threats is first and foremost about mindset and therefore it needs to be command-led. If proper preparation makes Coalition Forces members culturally adaptive, develops effective systems and procedures, and hones military skills and Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures, NATO will be able succeed in the Resolute Support Mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KJBNTHYR,2016-09-30,Krystian Frącik,"War Studies University, Poland",Security and Defence Quarterly,2024-02-20T23:22:08Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.35467/sdq/103234,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2956761897,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2956761897,2020.0,2020.0,2016.0,https://securityanddefence.pl/pdf-103234-36122?filename=INSIDER ATTACKS AS ONE OF.pdf,4.0 2842,Open source intelligence (OSINT) as an element of military recon,Journal article,"https://securityanddefence.pl/Open-source-intelligence-OSINT-as-an-element-of-military-recon,103337,0,2.html","One of the most basic functions of the state is to ensure the security to it and its citizens. Significant elements are: perseverance, political independence, territorial integrity and maintenance proper level of life quality. Today’s intelligence, which is part of the structures of security organs, belongs to the elite part of the special forces performing strategic goals. Therefore, acquiring the information by OSINT is important not only for the institution itself but also for citizens. OSINT is one of the means by which security is provided to the internal and external states. Open source information is one of the agents of economic, political, military, etc. Books, periodicals, statistical yearbooks, social networking sites and daily newspapers belong to the basic, verified sources. In globalized world, OSINT has particular importance because, due to the obtained information, the state can take defensive action. In this article, the author pointed out the use of OSINT in the military diagnosis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4SVP6T95,2018-06-30,Agata Ziółkowska,"War Studies University, Poland",Security and Defence Quarterly,2024-02-20T23:21:31Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.5604/01.3001.0012.1474,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2810306796,13.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2810306796,2021.0,2025.0,2018.0,https://securityanddefence.pl/pdf-103337-36164?filename=OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE.pdf,3.0 2843,Fitness OSINT: Identifying and tracking military and security personnel with fitness applications for intelligence gathering purposes,Journal article,"https://securityanddefence.pl/Fitness-OSINT-Identifying-and-tracking-military-and-security-personnel-with-fitness,131759,0,2.html","The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the possibility of tracking and identifying military and other security personnel, operating in secretive or restricted areas. Such exposure might have dire consequences from the perspective of counterintelligence or physical security. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Social Media Intelligence methods and techniques were employed to gather and analyse information on security and military personnel and expose their activities on-line. The case studies presented in the article exemplify utilisation of the new “Suunto” fitness application for open-source-based intelligence research. Despite general Operational Security rules that require all personal data such as names, pictures and habits to be kept discreet, open-source based research with one of the most popular fitness applications allowed the identification of military personnel and government agents operating in Afghanistan, Mali, Syria or working at national military facilities. In a single case, it took the author less than thirty minutes to identify personal details of a US Army soldier in Afghanistan and a Special Forces officer in one of the European countries and obtain their home addresses and pictures of them and their families. The results of the research show how OSINT techniques concerning fitness applications are useful both for intelligence and counterintelligence, specifically for malicious and terrorist purposes, and how necessary it is to make fitness and other, supposedly personal, activity private, especially for those who carry out sensitive missions and work in a restricted or secretive environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2LI4Y2H2,2020-12-30,Cyprian Aleksander Kozera,"War Studies University, Poland",Security and Defence Quarterly,2024-02-20T23:18:49Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.35467/sdq/131759,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3116069223,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3116069223,2023.0,2025.0,2020.0,https://securityanddefence.pl/pdf-131759-60901?filename=Fitness OSINT_.pdf,3.0 2844,Operation “Olympic Games.” Cyber-sabotage as a tool of American intelligence aimed at counteracting the development of Iran’s nuclear programme,Journal article,"https://securityanddefence.pl/Operation-Olympic-Games-nCyber-sabotage-as-a-tool-of-American-nintelligence-aimed,121974,0,2.html","The purpose of the article is to analyse Operation “Olympic Games” including, in particular, to indicate the political background to the activities aimed at preventing the development of Iran’s nuclear programme, and to examine the preparation and conduct of the operation, the involvement of the US and Israeli intelligence services, and the use of intelligence methods and sources. An equally important objective is to indicate the real consequences of the cyberattack with the Stuxnet virus. In the research process, a critical analysis of literature in the field of Intelligence Studies and source materials (including legal acts, strategies, reports, and other official studies of the entities forming the US Intelligence Community) was carried out. The example of Operation Olympics Games shows that complex cyber-sabotage operations resulting in the destruction of critical infrastructure on a large scale require the involvement of numerous state resources and advanced cyber activities, and the use of many different methods and intelligence sources. Thus, strong states with well-developed intelligence capabilities are much more capable of effectively using cyber-sabotage on a large scale.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RV7PAR6D,2020-06-25,Mariusz Antoni Kamiński,"War Studies University, Poland",Security and Defence Quarterly,2024-02-20T23:19:32Z,"['8XXD789V', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.35467/sdq/121974,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3033086731,7.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3033086731,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://securityanddefence.pl/pdf-121974-52879?filename=Operation _Olympic.pdf,1.0 2845,"A partner, not a combatant: the U.S. Congress, intelligence reform, and civil liberties after Vietnam",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2318094,"In the aftermath of 11 September 2001, scholars and commentators concerned about civil liberties looked back to the 1970s with an air of nostalgia. Back then, they argued, Congress exposed and constrained executive abuses of civil liberties, most notably through the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (the ‘Church Committee’) and the 1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA); whereas, since 9/11, Congress has largely accepted a variety of constitutionally dubious activities as part of the ‘War on Terror.’ This article argues that these accounts get the history wrong. Drawing on the Church Committee’s hearings and reports, internal executive branch communications, and the legislative history of FISA, it makes three core claims. First, the Church Committee was more valuable as a source of historical documentation rather than real-time exposure. Second, executive officials took crucial steps towards intelligence reform before the Church Committee was established. Third, the two legislative fruits of the Church Committee – FISA and the creation of permanent intelligence committees in Congress – were forged in a cooperative, rather than adversarial interbranch environment. Thus, the post-Vietnam Congress is best described as a partner, rather than a combatant, in the process of intelligence reform.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GNXPJ93Z,2024-02-15,Harry Blain,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-20T22:21:26Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/16161262.2024.2318094,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391843951,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2846,Big Brother was watching us: Soviet mapping of Norway during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2024.2312303,"In the early 1990s, it was revealed that during the Cold War the Soviet Union’s General Staff had secretly mapped large parts of the world in great detail. This article discusses Soviet military maps covering Norway, and analyses how the maps were produced and how successfully they depict their subject. The author concludes that the USSR utilised open sources, satellite imagery, and human intelligence when compiling the maps, with varying degrees of success ranging from the successful penetration of Norwegian military secrecy to misidentification of commonly known institutions, which resulted in maps of highly non-uniform quality that were unique in Norwegian mapping history. A further conclusion is that the maps clearly do not represent the full Soviet intelligence repository on Norwegian topography, and the author discusses some possible theories for their unexpectedly low quality and reasons why they were perceived as vastly superior when first discovered.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MQ3GK9L2,2024-02-14,Anders Kvernberg,Routledge,Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography,2024-02-20T22:20:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/00291951.2024.2312303,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391841356,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 2847,Investigatory Powers Bill: overarching documents,Document,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/investigatory-powers-bill-overarching-documents,These documents relate to the Investigatory Powers Bill.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PHVKYHSU,2017-04-21,Home Office (UK),,,2024-02-20T12:22:38Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2848,"For pro-Biden intelligence veterans, American politics are just another op",Blog post,https://centerforsecuritypolicy.org/politicized-intelligence-veterans-brennan-clapper-biden/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RCF5NPRR,2020-10-28,J. Michael Waller,,,2024-02-20T12:19:29Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2849,Making Intelligence Accountable,Document,https://www.dcaf.ch/making-intelligence-accountable,"Establishing a system of intelligence service accountability that is both democraticand efficient is one of the most daunting challenges faced by modern-day states.This arduous task is indispensable, however, as political guidance and direction tothe reform of intelligence services contributes to the avoidance of abuses as well as to the enhancement of efficiency for all participating branches of government. Little systematic international comparison of democratic accountability overintelligence services has been carried out; as a result, no set of internationalstandards for democratic intelligence accountability has evolved. The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, the Norwegian ParliamentaryIntelligence Oversight Committee and the Human Rights Centre of the University ofDurham have teamed up to produce this publication which seeks to fill this gap bycataloguing and evaluating the legal standards that currently exist regardingdemocratic accountability of intelligence services. In doing so, this report alsoidentifies and recommends best practice applicable to both transition countries andwell-established democracies. These standards and examples of best practice do not make the assumption thatthere is a single model of democratic oversight which works for all countries. Rather, the system of democratic oversight of intelligence services depends on a countryâs history, constitutional and legal system as well as its democratic tradition and political culture. The rules and practices that are accepted and effective in one place may be lessrelevant in another. Given these different realities, some of the suggestions within the handbook will inevitably appear unsuitable for some countries. This said, from ademocratic governance point of view, the oversight of the intelligence services is ashared responsibility of the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. A soundsystem of checks and balances is necessary, in which the executive does not havethe exclusive privilege of overseeing the intelligence services. Thus, the intelligenceagencies themselves, national parliaments, as well as external review bodies all havea role to play in this endeavour. It is hoped that this publication will enhance public awareness of this complex andimportant field of governance and that it will contribute to ensuring that security policy and practices genuinely reflect the aspirations of the people they are meant to serve.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZP4NU6HH,2005-01-01,"Hans Born, Ian Leigh",Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,,2024-02-20T12:10:46Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2850,Making International Intelligence Cooperation Accountable,Document,https://www.dcaf.ch/making-international-intelligence-cooperation-accountable,"Intelligence services perform a valuable service to democratic societies in protecting national security, including safeguarding the fundamental freedoms and human rights of their members. The secret nature of intelligence work can, however, put the services at odds with the principles of an open society. This applies in particular to international cooperation, where intelligence services try to keep secret why, how, with whom and when they cooperate with other states. Until relatively recently, international intelligence cooperation was a black box, impenetrable to public scrutiny, about which states gave very little or no information. The secrecy surrounding international cooperation was so high that it was thought to be impossible to address issues of accountability. Against this backdrop, the aim of the guide is to provide practical and specific guidance on how accountability and oversight of international intelligence cooperation can be strengthened on the basis of practical examples. It is based on international comparative research of legal and institutional frameworks of intelligence oversight, combined with in-depth interviews with former intelligence officials and intelligence overseers. It covers recent developments in intelligence cooperation, domestic and international standards, as well as internal and external oversight of international cooperation. The guide is an invaluable and practical tool for everyone concerned about accountability in this important but challenging field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R5ANJIJ7,2015-10-15,"Hans Born, Ian Leigh, Aidan Wills",Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,,2024-02-20T12:14:42Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2851,"Privacy, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties Compliance Verification for the Intelligence Enterprise",Document,https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo88762,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JVF3UF38,2010-01-01,"Justice Department, Justice Statistics Bureau",Justice Department,,2024-02-20T12:12:20Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2852,Does Canada Need an Overarching Intelligence Review and Reset?,Document,https://www.cgai.ca/does_canada_need_an_overarching_intelligence_review_and_reset,"In a post-COVID-19 environment and with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Canada’s policy-makers charged with a national security remit have renewed their focus on: • State-on-state conflicts; • State and non-state generated efforts on behalf of broader hybrid warfare strategies, including cyber-attacks and disinformation campaigns; • Various ideologically driven attacks; and • Greater public visibility on espionage and influence campaigns by countries with adversarial agendas. This threat environment has resulted in compelling arguments to securitize a number of policy issues that have historically fallen outside the traditional purview of national security. These include environmental or climate change security, plus energy, food, economic, health, supply chain and migration security. Practitioner and academic communities suggest the time is right to update key policy documents for Canada’s national, defence and foreign security. In a perfect world, there would be a timing, narrative and prioritization nexus between all three policies constituting a grand strategy in support of national security, but this remains aspirational.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ASM5NI6X,2023-09-01,John Gilmour,Canadian Global Affairs Institute,,2024-02-20T12:05:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2853,Looking beneath the cloak: An analysis of intelligence governance in South Africa,Document,https://issafrica.org/research/papers/looking-beneath-the-cloak-an-analysis-of-intelligence-governance-in-south-africa,"The governance of the intelligence sector presents a unique set of challenges to democratic governance and the practice of the principles of transparency, accountability and participation. South Africa has experienced a transition to democracy, which has been accompanied by reforms to the security sector of the state. The intelligence services have not been immune to the deepening vibrancy of the democratic South African state. Mechanisms of control and accountability have been established, and democratic oversight as prescribed by the Constitution is exercised through a parliamentary committee. The reputation of the intelligence community has, however, been tarnished by scandals, allegations of misuse of power and position, partisanship, lack of professionalism and poor-quality intelligence products. This paper seeks to analyse the current state of governance of the South African intelligence community and ascertain whether or not indications of an evolution towards greater accountability, transparency, participation, efficiency and effectiveness are evident.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UAD3N3KJ,2007-11-01,Lauren Hutton,Institute for Security Studies,,2024-02-20T12:08:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2854,Strategic intelligence for American world policy,Book,https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691624044/strategic-intelligence-for-american-world-policy,"Intelligence work is in some ways like a newspaper or newsmagazine, in some like a business, in some like the research activity of a university; very little of it involves cloaks and daggers. All of it is important to national survival, and should be understood by the citizens of a democracy. In this remarkable book, an able scholar, experienced in foreign intelligence, analyzes all of these varied aspects of what is known as “high-level foreign positive intelligence.” Illustrations are drawn from that branch, but the lessons apply to all intelligence, and in fact to all those phases of business, of journalism, and (most importantly) of scholarship, where the problem is to learn what has happened or will happen.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HP5QT7AV,1966,Sherman. Kent,Princeton University Press,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2855,U.S. Intelligence and the Soviet Strategic Threat,Book,https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691610054/us-intelligence-and-the-soviet-strategic-threat,"The author examines in detail the organization of the U.S. intelligence community, its attempts to monitor and predict the development of Soviet forces from the early days of the cold war, and how these attempts affected American policy and weapons production.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DIWNXHSA,1987,Lawrence Freedman,Princeton University Press,,2024-02-20T10:31:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2856,A Crucial Estimate Relived,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/a-crucial-estimate-relived/,"In the spring of 1964, Studies in Intelligence published Kent’s ruminations about why the Board of National Estimates missed the Soviet deployment of offensive missiles in Cuba. The article, originally classified Secret, reveals much about the general limitations of intelligence analysis as a process, as well as why it went wrong in the fall of 1962.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HC6KW9JC,1992,Sherman Kent,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:26:08Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2857,America's First Encrypted Cable,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/americas-first-encrypted-cable/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6BFABGYR,1992,Ralph Weber,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:25:05Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2858,Analysis and Policy: The Kent-Kendall Debate of 1949,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/the-kent-kendall-debate-of-1949/,"Sherman Kent’s Strategic Intelligence for American World Policy, published in 1949, is probably the most influential book ever written on US intelligence analysis. Indeed, Kent’s carefully drafted blueprint for meeting the challenges facing intelligence in the postwar world has regularly been cited by defenders and critics alike of the performance of the Central Intelligence Agency. Almost all experienced Agency analysts are generally familiar with Kent’s themes, though probably more from informal discussions than from a careful reading. One of Kent’s most finely honed doctrines addresses the relationship between producers and consumers of intelligence analysis. Effective ties, while manifestly essential for the well-being of both groups, were difficult to achieve. Kent’s recommended fix: to warrant scholarly objectivity, provide analysts with institutional independence; to warrant relevance, urge them to strive to obtain “guidance” from policymakers. Willmoore Kendall’s “The Function of Intelligence,” a 1949 review of Strategic Intelligence, agreed with Kent on the importance of getting right the relationship between experts and decisionmakers but on little else. Kendall’s bold and prescient arguments deserve more attention from both students and practitioners of intelligence analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CBU6ENVG,1992,Jack Davis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:23:50Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2859,A Classic Act of Espionage: The Vemork Action by Claus Helberg,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/the-vemork-action/,"The following is an edited version of an article which was originally published in 1947 Yearbook of the Norwegian Tourist Association. The author, who was a member of a Norwegian sabotage team, has authorized its inclusion in Studies in Intelligence. The sabotage operation against the German heavy water production plant was celebrated in a movie, “The Heroes of Telemark. ” Mr. Helberg, who participated in the operation, is still hearty. In 1990, he took a member of the Editorial Board of Studies in Intelligence on a trip to Vemork, retracing part of the journey described in the article.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/58KUDCLD,1992,Claus Helberg,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:22:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2860,The Enemy Objective Unit: Waging Economic Warfare From London,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/waging-economic-warfare-from-london/,"This article is based on an essay presented on 11 July 1991 at an OSS symposium held at the National Archives. The essay draws upon the author’s unpublished history of the Enemy Objectives Unit (EOU), “Economic Outpost with Economic Warfare Division,” Vol. 5, War Diary of the OSS London: The Enemy Objectives Unit to April 30, 1945, located in the National Archives in Washington, as well as on hisPre-Invasion Bombing Strategy: General Eisenhower’s Decision of March 25, 1944, published in 1981 by the University of Texas Press.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A3HGR3UK,1992,W. W. Rostow,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:21:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2861,The Cuban Missile Crisis: The San Cristobal Trapezoid,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/the-san-cristobal-trapezoid/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MJ8UZKUG,1992,"John T. Hughes, A. Denis Clift",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:20:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2862,The DI 10 Years After Reorganization,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/the-di-10-years-after-reorganization/,"Ten years have passed since the Directorate of Intelligence (DI) was reorganized primarily along regional rather than functional lines. Technically, the reorganization was of the National Foreign Assessment Center (NFAC) into the DI. Because the DI was a name of much longer standing (January 1952–October 1977), I have chosen to simplify this discussion by talking about the old DI and new DI, with October 1981 as the breaking point between the two.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GLS7WBMA,1992,David W. Overton,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:19:30Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2863,Dedicating the Berlin Wall Monument,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/dedicating-the-berlin-wall/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ISMHMR4D,1992,"Vernon A. Walters, Robert M. Gates",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:18:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2864,Improving Intelligence Analysis: Combatting Mind-Set,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/combatting-mind-set/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WQ4UQ94J,1992,Jack Davis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:17:57Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2865,Managing Covert Political Action,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/managing-covert-political-action/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DBW4J56W,1992,James A. Barry,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:16:57Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2866,The Need for Ethical Norms,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/the-need-for-ethical-norms/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GJRXG395,1992,Paul G. Ericson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:15:56Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2867,Guarding Against Politicization,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/guarding-against-politicization/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HLCSG5IV,1994,Robert M. Gates,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:15:18Z,['CGAXYI88'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2868,This Scud's for You: The Gulf War from Tel Aviv,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1992-2/the-gulf-war-from-tel-aviv/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WXURKUIU,1992,Sheryl Robinson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:14:35Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2869,HUMINT Bias: SIGINT in the Novels of John le Carré,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/sigint-in-the-novels-of-john-le-carre/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UP4Z6GYI,1994,James Burridge,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:13:44Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2870,Attache Observations: The Face of Moscow in the Missile Crisis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/the-face-of-moscow-in-the-missile-crisis/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6UN3VS96,1994,William F. Scott,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:12:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2871,Research Intelligence in Early Modern England: Official Scholars and Action Officers,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/research-intelligence-in-early-modern-england/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WPQAZCCA,1994,William H. Sherman,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:11:37Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2872,From Out of the Past: The Historical Intelligence Collection,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/the-historical-intelligence-collection/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y6JE6HXV,1994,"Ward Warren, Emma Sullivan",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T10:09:35Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2873,"Questions, Questions, Questions: Memories of Oberusel, Germany",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/questions-questions-questions/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8VFJD7TS,1994,Arnold M. Silver,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T09:34:03Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2874,At Work with Donovan: One Man's History in OSS,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/at-work-with-donovan/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RMJ3R53Z,1994,John D. Wilson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T09:33:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2875,The Exploits of Agent 110: Allen Dulles in Wartime,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/the-exploits-of-agent-110/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8QMHHC2U,1994,Mark Murphy,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T09:32:17Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2876,The Sears Roebuck Catalogue: Reflections on Mail-Order Tradecraft,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/reflections-on-mail-order-tradecraft/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RM26JRH6,1994,Jon A. Wiant,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T09:15:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2877,Trinity: The Treachery and Pursuit of the Most Dangerous Spy in History,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/305810/trinity-by-close-frank/9780141986449,"""Trinity"" was the codename for the test explosion of the atomic bomb in New Mexico on 16 July 1945. Trinity is now also the extraordinary story of the bomb's metaphorical father, Rudolf Peierls; his intellectual son, the atomic spy, Klaus Fuchs, and the ghosts of the security services in Britain, the USA and USSR. Against the background of pre-war Nazi Germany, the Second World War and the following Cold War, the book traces how Peierls brought Fuchs into his family and his laboratory, only to be betrayed. It describes in unprecedented detail how Fuchs became a spy, his motivations and the information he passed to his Soviet contacts, both in the UK and after he went with Peierls to join the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos in 1944. Frank Close is himself a distinguished nuclear physicist: uniquely, the book explains the science as well as the spying. Fuchs returned to Britain in August 1946 still undetected and became central to the UK's independent effort to develop nuclear weapons. Close describes the febrile atmosphere at Harwell, the nuclear physics laboratory near Oxford, where many of the key players were quartered, and the charged relationships which developed there. He uncovers fresh evidence about the role of the crucial VENONA signals decryptions, and shows how, despite mistakes made by both MI5 and the FBI, the net gradually closed around Fuchs, building an intolerable pressure which finally cracked him. The Soviet Union exploded its first nuclear device in August 1949, far earlier than the US or UK expected. In 1951, the US Congressional Committee on Atomic Espionage concluded, 'Fuchs alone has influenced the safety of more people and accomplished greater damage than any other spy not only in the history of the United States, but in the history of nations'. This book is the most comprehensive account yet published of these events, and of the tragic figure at their centre.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4RGY9J6V,2020-08-27,Frank Close,Penguin,,2024-02-20T07:41:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2878,Assignment Triest: A Case Officer's First Tour,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/a-case-officers-first-tour/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXM6FSID,1994,Richard Stolz,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T00:01:59Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2879,A Case Study: Lebanon and the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/lebanon-and-the-intelligence-community/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/56Q29ZGH,,"David Kennedy, Leslie Brunetta",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-20T00:01:16Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2880,"Eroding the Soviet ""Culture of Secrecy""",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-fall-winter-2001/eroding-the-soviet-culture-of-secrecy/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8TKEPMUB,2001-12-01,Sergo A. Mikoyan,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-01-24T15:15:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2881,Openness and Secrecy: A Basic Tension,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/openness-and-secrecy/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y5NST8YT,1994,David D. Gries,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:57:33Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2882,A CIA Officer in Residence: Taking Care of Business,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/taking-care-of-business/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FWZ6EMDU,1994,David W. Overton,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:56:48Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2883,Government Spying for Commercial Gain: Problems and Alternatives,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/government-spying-for-commercial-gain/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J7Q7C6WI,1994,Mark Burton,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:55:48Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2884,One of Time's Arrows: The Intelligence Revolution and the Future,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/the-intelligence-revolution-and-the-future/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z54IJ8EY,1994,Wesley K. Wark,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:54:52Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2885,Bridging the Intelligence-Policy Divide: A Progress Report,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/bridging-the-intelligence-policy-divide/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZRJZ5J2S,1994,"James A. Barry, Jack Davis, David D. Gries, Joseph Sullivan",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:39:59Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2886,Of Moles and Molehunters Spy stories,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/of-moles-and-molehunters-spy-stories/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QU6YRU2F,1995,Cleveland C. Cram,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:22:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2887,General de Gaulle in Action: 1960 Summit Conference,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/general-de-gaulle-in-action-1960-summit-conference/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UCD99RW7,1995,Vernon Walters,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:21:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2888,The Role of US Army Attachés Between the World Wars: Selection and Training,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/the-role-of-us-army-attaches-between-the-world-wars-selection-and-training/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8UBFB9V,1995,Scott A. Koch,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:20:26Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2889,Robert Fulton’s Skyhook and Operation Coldfeet,Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G6IAAQNN,1995,William M. Leary,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:19:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2890,"Origins of the Congress of Cultural Freedom, 1949-50 Cultural Cold War",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/origins-of-the-congress-of-cultural-freedom-1949-50-cultural-cold-war/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RSJTECTW,1995,Michael Warner,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:18:50Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2891,Truman and Eisenhower: Launching the Process,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/truman-and-eisenhower-launching-the-process-intelligence-support/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3PUUBLPU,1995,John Helgerson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:16:37Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2892,Fifteen DCIs' First 100 Days,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/fifteen-dcis-first-100-days-taking-stock/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AR4CPDRY,1995,By members of CIA’s History Staff,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:14:29Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2893,The Komsomolets Disaster: Burial at Sea,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/the-komsomolets-disaster-burial-at-sea/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2UHJASC2,1995,George Montgomery,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:11:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2894,Some Lessons in Intelligence Enduring principles,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/some-lessons-in-intelligence-enduring-principles/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S4V8F3ZF,1995,R. V. Jones,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:07:45Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2895,British and American Policy on Intelligence Archives Never-Never Land and Wonderland,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/british-and-american-policy-on-intelligence-archives-never-never-land-and-wonderland/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YWIS96RF,1995,Richard J. Aldrich,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:05:31Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2896,Insightful interviews: A Policymaker's Perspective on Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/a-policymakers-perspective-on-intelligence-analysis-insightful-interviews/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/39DKWEFC,1995,Jack Davis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:04:38Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZJ36V8L']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2897,Studying and Teaching Intelligence: The importance of interchange,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/studying-and-teaching-intelligence-the-importance-of-interchange/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W33RJA6S,1995,Ernest R. May,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:03:49Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2898,"Facts, Findings, Forecasts, and Fortune-telling",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/facts-findings-forecasts-and-fortune-telling/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6A2HZUQM,1995,Jack Davis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:03:00Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2899,The Views of Ambassador Herman J. Cohen,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1995-2/the-views-of-ambassador-herman-j-cohen/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WMJQ9FVG,1995,Jack Davis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T23:01:55Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2900,Duping the Soviets: The Farewell Dossier,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/the-farewell-dossier/,"During the Cold War, and especially in the 1970s, Soviet intelligence carried out a substantial and successful clandestine effort to obtain technical and scientific knowledge from the West. This effort was suspected by a few US Government officials but not documented until 1981, when French intelligence obtained the services of Col. Vladimir I. Vetrov, “Farewell,” who photographed and supplied 4,000 KGB documents on the program. In the summer of",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NUY3NPRP,1996,Gus W. Weiss,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:55:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2901,The Creation of the Central Intelligence Group,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/the-creation-of-the-central-intelligence-group/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M6JV5HR7,1996,Michael Warner,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:54:55Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2902,"Review Essay: Revisiting Vietnam: Thoughts Engendered by Robert McNamara's ""In Retrospect""",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/thoughts-engendered-by-robert-mcnamaras-in-retrospect/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/58BZKLQN,1996,Harold P. Ford,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:53:20Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2903,Coping with Iran-Contra: Personal Reflections on Bill Casey's Last Month at CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/personal-reflections-on-bill-caseys-last-month-at-cia/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PAKIWW5C,1996,Jude McCulloch,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:52:31Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2904,The Intelligence of Nations: Adam Smith Examines the Intelligence Economy,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/adam-smith-examines-the-intelligence-economy/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DJ8UQN23,1996,Todd Brethauer,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:51:11Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2905,CORONA and the Intelligence Community,Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IUEMHHYL,1996,Kevin Conley Ruffner,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:48:44Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2906,A Different Kind of Threat: Some Thoughts on Irregular Warfare,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/some-thoughts-on-irregular-warfare/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UXU4QZ7F,1996,Jeffrey B. White,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:46:09Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2907,Another System of Oversight: Intelligence and the Rise of Judicial Intervention,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/intelligence-and-the-rise-of-judicial-intervention/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V59QK8AF,1996,Fred F. Manget,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:45:29Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2908,Paul Wolfowitz on Intelligence-Policy Relations,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/paul-wolfowitz-on-intelligence-policy-relations/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SB93FHRV,1996,Jack Davis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:43:16Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2909,A Singular Opportunity: Gaining Access to CIA's Records,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/gaining-access-to-cias-records/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FU5TEJZX,1996,Evan Thomas,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:37:28Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2910,A Colloqium: The Intelligence Community: Is It Broken? How To Fix It?,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/the-intelligence-community-is-it-broken-how-to-fix-it/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F8XTYIUT,1996,John H. Hedley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:35:41Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2911,A Roundtable Discussion: The Brown Commission and the Future of Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1996-2/the-brown-commission-and-the-future-of-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E2LBK48I,1996,Members of the Studies in Intelligence Editorial Board and staff members of the Aspin-Brown Commission,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:34:51Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2912,A Basic Intelligence Need: The Best Map of Moscow,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-1997/the-best-map-of-moscow/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G6U7QIS2,1997,Joseph A. Baclawski,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:33:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2913,A Persistent Emotional Issue: CIA's Support to the Nazi War Criminal Investigations,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-1997/cias-support-to-the-nazi-war-criminal-investigations/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3PDWV7AU,1997,Kevin Conley Ruffner,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:32:38Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2914,Critics and Defenders: A Review of Congressional Oversight,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-1997/a-review-of-congressional-oversight/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AYBI8XTU,1997,James S. van Wagenen,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:31:53Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2915,Unpopular Pessimism: Why CIA Analysts Were So Doubtful About Vietnam,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-1997/why-cia-analysts-were-so-doubtful-about-vietnam/,"In traveling through Tonkin, every village flew the Viet Minh flag, and had armed soldiers, many with Japanese weapons taken in raids. The women and children were also organized, and all were enthusiastic in their support. The important thing is that all were cognizant of the fact that independence was not to be gained in a day and were prepared to continue their struggle for years. In the rural areas, I found not one instance of opposition to the Viet Minh, even among former government officials.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VFD3CCU7,1997,Harold P. Ford,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:31:09Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2916,"A Die-hard Issue: CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947–1990",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-1997/cias-role-in-the-study-of-ufos-1947-1990/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CTTQX6HA,1997,Gerald K. Haines,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:30:17Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2917,The Record Versus the Charges: CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-1997/cia-assessments-of-the-soviet-union/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8XISYWRV,1997,Douglas MacEachin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:29:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2918,A Major Intelligence Challenge: Toward a Functional Model of Information Warfare,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-1997/toward-a-functional-model-of-information-warfare/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YDLVR25A,1997,L. Scott Johnson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:28:33Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2919,How To Succeed in the Directorate of Intelligence: Fifteen Axioms for Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-1997/fifteen-axioms-for-intelligence-analysis/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G6H89N4I,1997,Frank Watanabe,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:27:29Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2920,A Blueprint for Survival: The Coming Intelligence Failure,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-1997/the-coming-intelligence-failure/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RQFLUD8T,1997,Russell E. Travers,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:24:40Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2921,Breast Cancer Detection Research,Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3MVBR66T,1997,"Sam Grant, Peter C. Oleson",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T22:23:32Z,['N8VR3BYE'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2922,Inside The White House Situation Room,Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BG7IFYCJ,1997,"Michael Donley, Cornelius O'Leary, John Montgomery",,,2024-02-19T21:13:11Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2923,Pioneering a New National Security: The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence,Document,https://www.gchq.gov.uk/files/GCHQAIPaper.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HGRMS76N,February 2021,GCHQ,GCHQ,,2021-02-25T17:07:54Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2924,The Dutch Resistance and the OSS,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/dutch-resistance-and-oss.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9HRXXAF5,1998-03-01,Stewart Bentley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:29:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2925,The OSS and Italian Partisans in World War II,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/fcbf4625e96eea6207373743c0dffcc9/oss-italian-partisans-ww2.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X27DUZVQ,1998-03-01,Peter Tompkins,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:28:22Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2926,"Integrity, Ethics, and the CIA",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/c053b4680f58a4b88c9863201c90e6a0/Integrity-Ethics-the-CIA.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IJTBQFU6,1998-03-01,Kent Pekel,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:27:36Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2927,"Secrets, Free Speech, and Fig Leaves",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-41-no-5/secrets-free-speech-and-fig-leaves/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ULL2JYEP,1998-03-01,John Hollister Hedley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:26:21Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2928,A First Tour Like No Other,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-spring-1998-edition/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DBDYPLGK,1998-03-01,William J. Daugherty,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:09:21Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2929,Planning Satellite Reconnaissance To Support Future Military Operations,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1998-1999/planning-satellite-to-support-future-military-operations/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N8Z46BDK,1998,"Thomas Behling, Kenneth McGruther",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:05:10Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2930,Lessons Unlearned: The CIA's Internal Probe of the Bay of Pigs Affair,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1998-1999/the-cias-internal-probe-of-the-bay-of-pigs-affair/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KEZQPJU8,1998,Michael Warner,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:03:37Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2931,Looking for a Rogue Elephant: The Pike Committee Investigations and the CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1998-1999/the-pike-committee-investigations-and-the-cia/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XGVZ7USL,1998,Gerald K. Haines,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:02:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2932,Valuable Sources: The Civil War: Black American Contributions to Union Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1998-1999/the-civil-war-black-american-contributions-to-union-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IRWEPVKF,1998,P. K. Rose,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:01:55Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2933,The CIA and Double Demonology: Calling the Sino-Soviet Split,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1998-1999/calling-the-sino-soviet-split/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SPJ8P7AH,1998,Harold P. Ford,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:01:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2934,Mornings in Pacific Palisades: Ronald Reagan and the President's Daily Brief,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1998-1999/ronald-reagan-and-the-presidents-daily-brief/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TTS2ESVP,1998,"Richard J. Kerr, Peter D. Davis",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T16:00:04Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2935,"A Memoir of Jed Team Frederick: An Allied Team with the French Resistance, 1944",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1998-1999/1944-an-allied-team-with-the-french-resistance/,"The terms resistant, partisan, maquis, and maquisard are used interchangeably in this article to identify members of the anti-German paramilitary Resistance in France during World War II. The term maquis refers to a piece of wild, bushy land found in Corsica. During the war, beginning in eastern France, it was used to refer to groups of irregulars who had organized themselves to fight the Germans. By 1944, this usage had become common throughout France.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MQL9LXMK,1998,Robert R. Kehoe,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T15:58:42Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2936,"A ""Hot"" Front in the Cold War: The U-2 Program—A Russian Officer Remembers",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1998-1999/the-u-2-program-a-russian-officer-remembers/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A82G6M5S,1998,Alexander Orlov,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T15:57:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2937,An Intelligence Success Story: The U-2 Program—The DCI's Perspective,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1998-1999/the-u-2-program-the-dcis-perspective/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2MH75CHL,1998,George J. Tenet,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T15:56:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2938,FBI warns Chinese malware could threaten critical US infrastructure,Newspaper article,https://www.ft.com/content/8d90b1de-df1e-47ad-8bdb-5c0ee4f85e45,Agency director Christopher Wray says Beijing’s hacking operations have reached a ‘fever pitch’,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A7CEL7LP,2024-02-18T15:04:29.902Z,Demetri Sevastopulo,,Financial Times,2024-02-19T11:17:41Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2939,How China stifles dissent without a KGB or Stasi of its own,Magazine article,https://www.economist.com/china/2024/02/15/how-china-stifles-dissent-without-a-kgb-or-stasi-of-its-own,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7P7DDJUD,2024-02-15,The Economist,,The Economist,2024-02-19T11:18:16Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2940,Russia-aligned hackers target European and Iranian embassies in new espionage campaign,Newspaper article,https://therecord.media/russia-aligned-hackers-target-european-and-iranian-embassies-cyber-espionage,"A Russia-linked hacking group is exploiting a known bug in a popular webmail server to spy on government and military agencies in Europe, as well as Iranian embassies in Russia, according to a new report.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/74CCPNYU,2024-02-17,Daryna Antounik,,The Record,2024-02-19T11:21:21Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2941,Ireland ‘scrutinising’ Russian diplomats’ visa applications amid spying concerns,Newspaper article,https://www.irishtimes.com/politics/2024/02/17/ireland-scrutinising-every-new-application-from-russian-diplomats-coming-here-amid-concerns-about-espionage/,Taoiseach says 15 diplomats at Dublin embassy ‘should be adequate’ for Russia’s needs in Ireland,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C9HKQX4H,2024-02-17,Conor Gallagher,,The Irish Times,2024-02-19T11:20:13Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2942,Intelligence Services: Roles and responsibilities in good security sector governance,Document,https://www.dcaf.ch/intelligence-services-roles-and-responsibilities-good-security-sector-governance,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3W9ZX6UE,2019-05-23,Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,,2024-02-19T11:05:03Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2943,Intelligence Practice and Democratic Oversight,Report,https://www.dcaf.ch/intelligence-practice-and-democratic-oversight,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E4DZEI8Z,2003-07-01,Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance,,,2024-02-19T11:03:09Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2944,S. Rept. 108-359 - NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE REFORM ACT OF 2004,Report,https://www.congress.gov/congressional-report/108th-congress/senate-report/359/1?s=1&r=3505,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SKLXLZCU,2004-10-07,"Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate",,,2024-02-19T11:00:24Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2945,"Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JDN 1/23)",Report,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/intelligence-surveillance-and-reconnaissance-jdn-123,"Joint Doctrine Note 1/23 explores the fundamentals of intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PCGHYM4W,19 January 2023,Ministry of Defence (UK),,,2023-01-19T14:07:43Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2946,International Security and Estonia 2024,Report,https://www.valisluureamet.ee/doc/raport/2024-en.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PV8TYQDZ,2024-01-31,Estonian Foreign Intelligence Service,,,2024-02-13T22:02:20Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2947,"The Information Battlefield: Disinformation, declassification and deepfakes",Report,https://cetas.turing.ac.uk/publications/information-battlefield-disinformation-declassification-and-deepfakes,The information domain has been a key battleground in Russia’s war in Ukraine.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6MHUE98Y,June 2022,Centre for Emerging Technology and Security,,,2022-07-29T14:29:46Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2948,Hunting Russian Intelligence “Snake” Malware,Report,https://media.defense.gov/2023/May/09/2003218554/-1/-1/0/JOINT_CSA_HUNTING_RU_INTEL_SNAKE_MALWARE_20230509.PDF,"The Snake implant is considered the most sophisticated cyber espionage tool designed and used by Center 16 of Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB) for long-term intelligence collection on sensitive targets. To conduct operations using this tool, the FSB created a covert peer-to-peer (P2P) network of numerous Snake-infected computers worldwide. Many systems in this P2P network serve as relay nodes which route disguised operational traffic to and from Snake implants on the FSB’s ultimate targets. Snake’s custom communications protocols employ encryption and fragmentation for confidentiality and are designed to hamper detection and collection efforts. We have identified Snake infrastructure in over 50 countries across North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, to include the United States and Russia itself. Although Snake uses infrastructure across all industries, its targeting is purposeful and tactical in nature. Globally, the FSB has used Snake to collect sensitive intelligence from high-priority targets, such as government networks, research facilities, and journalists. As one example, FSB actors used Snake to access and exfiltrate sensitive international relations documents, as well as other diplomatic communications, from a victim in a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) country. Within the United States, the FSB has victimized industries including education, small businesses, and media organizations, as well as critical infrastructure sectors including government facilities, financial services, critical manufacturing, and communications. This Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA) provides background on Snake’s attribution to the FSB and detailed technical descriptions of the implant’s host architecture and network communications. This CSA also addresses a recent Snake variant that has not yet been widely disclosed. The technical information and mitigation recommendations in this CSA are provided to assist network defenders in detecting Snake and associated activity. For more information on FSB and Russian state-sponsored cyber activity, please see the joint advisory Russian State-Sponsored and Criminal Cyber Threats to Critical Infrastructure and CISA’s Russia Cyber Threat Overview and Advisories webpage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GBDPYPI7,2023-05-09,Joint Cybersecurity Advisory,,,2023-05-09T23:37:16Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2949,Disinformation Roulette: The Kremlin’s Year of Lies to Justify an Unjustifiable War,Report,https://www.state.gov/disarming-disinformation/disinformation-roulette-the-kremlins-year-of-lies-to-justify-an-unjustifiable-war/,"It is obvious that any missiles and artillery of Russia will not succeed in breaking our unity and knocking us off our path. And it should be equally obvious that Ukrainian unity cannot be broken by lies or intimidation, fake information or conspiracy theories. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy July 16, 2022 On February 24, 2022, […]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZVSWAXRV,23 February 2023,Global Engagement Center,,,2023-02-26T08:14:56Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2950,Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament: China,Report,https://isc.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/ISC-China.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R7IUE9LE,2023-07-13,Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament,,,2023-07-13T15:29:51Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2951,BATILI ÜLKELERDE AŞIRI SAĞ HAREKETLER 2023 DEĞERLENDİRME RAPORU [Far-right Movements in Western Countries 2023 Evaluation Report],Report,https://www.mit.gov.tr/uploads/f/lvTX6wxmYqB3.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TDXALI2E,2024-01-11,Milli Istihbarat Teskilati [Turkish National Intelligence Organisation],,,2024-01-11T11:11:00Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2952,The National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States of America,Report,https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA502732,"This National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States of America elaborates the fundamental responsibility for US intelligence to warn of and help prevent terrorist attacks against the homeland, engage other asymmetric threats, and provide reliable intelligence on traditional and enduring strategic issues. It also describes a way forward by which the counterintelligence organizations of the US government will engage elements in the public and private sectors to address the threat posed by the intelligence activities of foreign powers and groups and protect our nations secrets and the means by which we obtain those secrets. The Strategy has been produced by the National Counterintelligence Executive, coordinated across the counterintelligence elements of the US government, and endorsed by the National Counterintelligence Policy Board.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/75UZYCUV,2008-01-01,Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive,,,2024-01-15T08:34:11Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2953,Has Trust in the U.S. Intelligence Community Eroded?: Examining the Relationship Between Policymakers and Intelligence Providers,Report,https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA864-1.html,Policy and U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) professionals have suggested that the IC is held in increasingly lower regard by some decisionmakers and that predictions have had variable success in influencing decisionmakers. Researchers explored whether and to what degree trust in intelligence predictions and national estimates has degraded over time and what factors might have driven any changes in the relationship between policymakers and the IC.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QQYFBDYF,2024-02-13,"Christopher Dictus, Yuliya Shokh, Isabelle Nazha, Marek N. Posard, Richard S. Girven, Sina Beaghley, Anthony Vassalo",,,2024-02-16T08:40:31Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2954,Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament report on Russia,Report,https://isc.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/CCS207_CCS0221966010-001_Russia-Report-v02-Web_Accessible.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SIDKGW28,2020-07-21,Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament,,,2020-07-21T14:43:01Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2955,Government Response to the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament Report ‘Russia’,Report,https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/902342/HMG_Russia_Response_web_accessible.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IDBIQPGY,21 July 2020,HM Government,,,2020-07-21T15:42:28Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2956,"Intelligence, Counter-intelligence and Security Support to Joint Operations (JDP 2-00)",Document,https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/jdp-2-00-understanding-and-intelligence-support-to-joint-operations,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2GHSI2YT,2023-08-17,Ministry of Defence,Ministry of Defence,,2024-02-19T10:26:04Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2957,Fulfilling a Crucial Role: National Intelligence Support Teams,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1999-2000/national-intelligence-support-teams/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I34HDDT7,1999,James M. Lose,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T10:11:37Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2958,"CIA Air Operations in Laos, 1955-1974",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1999-2000/cia-air-operations-in-laos-1955-1974/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LH25S9K6,1999,William M. Leary,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T10:10:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2959,The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1999-2000/stalins-killing-field/,"One of the earliest–and certainly the most infamous–mass shootings of prisoners of war during World War II did not occur in the heat of battle but was a cold-blooded act of political murder. The victims were Polish officers, soldiers, and civilians captured by the Red Army after it invaded eastern Poland in September 1939. Strictly speaking, even the Polish servicemen were not POWs. The USSR had not declared war, and the Polish commander in chief had ordered his troops not to engage Soviet forces. But there was little the Poles could do. On 28 September, the USSR and Nazi Germany, allied since August, partitioned and then dissolved the Polish state. They then began implementing parallel policies of suppressing all resistance and destroying the Polish elite in their respective areas. The NKVD and the Gestapo coordinated their actions on many issues, including prisoner exchanges. At Brest Litovsk, Soviet and German commanders held a joint victory parade before German forces withdrew westward behind a new demarcation line. Official records, opened in 1990 when glasnost was still in vogue, show that Stalin had every intention of treating the Poles as political prisoners. Just two days after the invasion began on 17 September, the NKVD created a Directorate of Prisoners of War. It took custody of Polish prisoners from the Army and began organizing a network of reception centers and transfer camps and arranging rail transport to the western USSR. Once there, the Poles were placed in “special” (concentration) camps, where, from October to February, they were subjected to lengthy interrogations and constant political agitation. The camps were at Kozelsk, Starobelsk, and Ostashkov, all three located on the grounds of former Orthodox monasteries converted into prisons. The NKVD dispatched one of its rising stars, Maj. Vassili Zarubin, to Kozelsk, where most of the officers were kept, to conduct interviews. Zarubin presented himself to the Poles as a charming, sympathetic, and cultured Soviet official, which led many prisoners into sharing confidences that would cost them their lives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YL8SWV9B,1999,Benjamin B. Fischer,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T10:09:46Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2960,Skis and Daggers: OSS Operations in Norway,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1999-2000/skis-and-daggers/,"Recently, while researching some old CIA files, a CIA historian chanced upon the following account by Maj. William E. Colby of behind-the-lines OSS sabotage operations in Norway during World War II. In November 1945, the War Department’s Bureau of Public Relations posed no objection to the article’s publication. There is no record, however, that the article was ever published. The first page of the memoir is missing. As Major Colby begins his story, he and his team are being flown to their drop site in Norway.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YUG9JDZS,1998,William E. Colby,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T10:08:06Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2961,Recollections from the Church Committee's Investigation of NSA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1999-2000/recollections-from-the-church-committees-investigation-of-nsa/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H9V8GSD9,1999,L. Britt Snider,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T10:05:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2962,"An Interview with Former CIA Executive Director Lawrence K. ""Red"" White",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1999-2000/an-interview-with-former-cia-executive-director-lawrence-k-red-white/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HWM4RXT2,1999,James Hanrahan,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T10:05:07Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2963,A Close Call in Africa,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1999-2000/a-close-call-in-africa/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8K4MFHQ9,1999,Richard L. Holm,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T10:03:58Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2964,A Classic Case of Deception,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-winter-1999-2000/a-classic-case-of-deception/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JFSXWEQ4,1999,Antonio J. Mendez,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T10:02:08Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2965,Safeguarding Information Operations,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-summer-2000-no-9/safeguarding-information-operations/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BY8FW9PS,2000-06-01,Stephen W. Magnan,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T09:52:01Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2966,Prospects for a European Common Intelligence Policy,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-summer-2000-no-9/prospects-for-a-european-common-intelligence-policy/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RMT3K3DC,2000-06-01,Ole R. Villadsen,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T09:50:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B4CCZ7Y8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2967,"The American Joint Intelligence Committee and Estimates of the Soviet Union, 1945-1947",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-summer-2000-no-9/the-american-joint-intelligence-committee-and-estimates-of-the-soviet-union-1945-1947/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/98SUBXEG,2000-06-01,Larry Valero,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T09:49:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2968,An Interview with Richard Lehman,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-summer-2000-no-9/an-interview-with-richard-lehman/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K5EHXRLC,2000-06-01,Richard Kovar,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T09:48:39Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2969,The OSS and Project SAFEHAVEN,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-summer-2000-no-9/the-oss-and-project-safehaven/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EM23EE5C,2000-06-01,Donald P. Steury,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T09:44:22Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2970,The Vilification and Vindication of Colonel Kuklinski,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-summer-2000-no-9/the-vilification-and-vindication-of-colonel-kuklinski/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6G4PFFCH,2000-06-01,Benjamin B. Fischer,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T09:40:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2971,US Intelligence and the End of the Cold War,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-summer-2000-no-9/us-intelligence-and-the-end-of-the-cold-war/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QKRVVV4M,2000-06-01,"Henry R. Appelbaum, John Hollister Hedley",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T09:38:36Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2972,On the Front Lines of the Cold War: The Intelligence War in Berlin,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-summer-2000-no-9/on-the-front-lines-of-the-cold-war-the-intelligence-war-in-berlin/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZAEM6GI,2000-06-01,Donald P. Steury,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-19T09:37:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2973,A Stone for Willy Fisher,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/d86eea6f9afa7c91676ff4758feb7673/stone-for-willy-fisher.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SDGNI6DZ,1986-12-01,Richard Friedman,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T22:18:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2974,The San Cristobal Trapezoid,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/e6c45c1d09549c73e56fae89751ff69e/the-san-cristobal-trapezoid.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BCP745FA,1995,"John T. Hughes, A. Denis Clift",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T22:19:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2975,The Holocaust Revisited: A Retrospective Analysis of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Extermination Complex,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-4/the-holocaust-revisited-a-retrospective-analysis-of-the-auschwitz-birkenau-extermination-complex/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9M96PQYB,2000-09-01,"Dino A. Brugioni, Robert G. Poirier",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T22:15:55Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2976,Soviet Deception in the Czechoslovak Crisis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-14-no-1/soviet-deception-in-the-czechoslovak-crisis/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YYMQAN9R,2000-09-01,Cynthia M. Grabo,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T22:14:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2977,On the Soviet Nuclear Scent,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-11-no-4/on-the-soviet-nuclear-scent/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F9WMIXD9,2000-09-01,Henry S. Lowenhaupt,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T22:12:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2978,The Defections of Dr. John,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-4-no-4/the-defections-of-dr-john/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8K8T6LCZ,2000-09-01,Delmege Trimble,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T22:11:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2979,William J. Donovan and the National Security,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-3-no-3/william-j-donovan-and-the-national-security/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QZ2YM63I,2000-09-01,Allen W. Dulles,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T22:10:30Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2980,The Need for an Intelligence Literature,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-1-no-1/the-need-for-an-intelligence-literature/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LAWNHMQJ,1993-09-01,Sherman Kent,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T22:09:10Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'TDUVX2TF']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2981,The Book of Honor: The Secret Lives and Deaths of CIA Operatives,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/72962/the-book-of-honor-by-ted-gup/,"A national bestseller, this extraordinary work of investigative reporting uncovers the identities, and the remarkable stories, of the CIA secret agents who died anonymously in the service of their country....",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CCTFILJY,2001-05-01,Ted Gup,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-18T22:06:28Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2982,Intelligence and the 'Market State',Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-2/intelligence-and-the-market-state/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3Y3PBVQI,2001-03-01,Gregory F. Treverton,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T22:04:09Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2983,Openness and the CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-5/openness-and-the-cia/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ARWGNGH3,2001-03-01,Warren F. Kimball,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T18:27:04Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2984,Openness and the Future of the Clandestine Service,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-5/openness-and-the-future-of-the-clandestine-service/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5C5CPPYL,2001-03-01,N. Richard Kinsman,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T18:26:19Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2985,A Listening Post in Miami,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-5/a-listening-post-in-miami/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LSUFZJC3,2001-03-01,Justin F. Gleichauf,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T18:24:55Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2986,Interviewing an Intelligence Icon,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-5/interviewing-an-intelligence-icon/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DK2CNMT8,2001-03-01,William Nolte,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T18:23:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2987,Israel's Quest for Satellite Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-5/israels-quest-for-satellite-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EIVCLYCD,2001-03-01,E. L. Zorn,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T18:20:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'PBHFUE8W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2988,"Congress, the CIA, and Guatemala, 1954",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-5/congress-the-cia-and-guatemala-1954/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JWAM6UZ4,2001-03-01,David M. Barrett,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T18:18:08Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2989,Creating a Statutory Inspector General at CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-5/creating-a-statutory-inspector-general-at-cia/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AMLVPBWV,2001-03-01,L. Britt Synder,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T18:16:35Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2990,The Alger Hiss Case,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-44-no-5/the-alger-hiss-case/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QEBMY6B7,2001-03-01,John Ehrman,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T18:00:13Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2991,"Flawed by Design: The Evolution of the CIA, JCS, and NSC",Book,,"In this provocative and thoughtful book, Amy Zegart challenges the conventional belief that national security agencies work reasonably well to serve the national interest as they were designed to do. Using a new institutionalist approach, Zegart asks what forces shaped the initial design of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the National Security Council in ways that meant they were handicapped from birth.Ironically, she finds that much of the blame can be ascribed to cherished features of American democracy—frequent elections, the separation of powers, majority rule, political compromise—all of which constrain presidential power and give Congress little incentive to create an effective foreign policy system. At the same time, bureaucrats in rival departments had the expertise, the staying power, and the incentives to sabotage the creation of effective competitors, and this is exactly what they did. Historical evidence suggests that most political players did not consider broad national concerns when they forged the CIA, JCS, and NSC in the late 1940s. Although President Truman aimed to establish a functional foreign policy system, he was stymied by self-interested bureaucrats, legislators, and military leaders. The NSC was established by accident, as a byproduct of political compromise; Navy opposition crippled the JCS from the outset; and the CIA emerged without the statutory authority to fulfill its assigned role thanks to the Navy, War, State, and Justice departments, which fought to protect their own intelligence apparatus.Not surprisingly, the new security agencies performed poorly as they struggled to overcome their crippled evolution. Only the NSC overcame its initial handicaps as several presidents exploited loopholes in the National Security Act of 1947 to reinvent the NSC staff. The JCS, by contrast, remained mired in its ineffective design for nearly forty years—i.e., throughout the Cold War—and the CIA’s pivotal analysis branch has never recovered from its origins. In sum, the author paints an astonishing picture: the agencies Americans count on most to protect them from enemies abroad are, by design, largely incapable of doing so.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5LGF4KBW,1999,Amy Zegart,Stanford University Press,,2024-02-18T17:55:11Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2992,Behind Japanese Lines in Burma,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Behind-Japanese-Lines-Burma.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5BFISN4V,2001-12-01,Tryoy J. Sacquety,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T17:53:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2993,"Two Strategic Intelligence Mistakes in Korea, 1950",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/ddc18b8ca37cf9ca4b7c52f13f5a680d/two-strategic-intel-mistakes.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GAA7G4DC,2001-12-01,P. K. Rose,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T17:52:03Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2994,"FBIS Against the Axis, 1941-1945",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/96048eae9f1b9aa309a24c4b5582ea62/fbis-against-the-axis.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/29KH9S56,2001-12-01,Stephen C. Mercado,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T17:49:53Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2995,Gauging the Iraqi Threat to Kuwait in the 1960s,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/gauging-iraq-kuwait-1960s.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UVTIZXCB,2001-12-01,Richard A. Mobley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T17:43:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2996,The Lie that Linked CIA to the Kennedy Assassination,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-fall-winter-2001/the-lie-that-linked-cia-to-the-kennedy-assassination/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MP9WV767,2001-12-01,Max Holland,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T17:42:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2997,The Master of Disguise: My Secret Life in the CIA,Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-master-of-disguise-antonio-j-mendez,"From the author of Argo comes an unforgettable behind-the-scenes story of espionage in action. In the first ever memoir by a top-level operative to be authorized by the CIA, Antonio J. Mendez reveals the cunning tricks and insights that helped save hundreds from deadly situations. Adept at creating new identities for anyone, anywhere, Mendez was involved in operations all over the world, from “Wild West” adventures in East Asia to Cold War intrigue in Moscow. In 1980, he orchestrated the escape of six Americans from a hostage situation in revolutionary Tehran, Iran. This extraordinary operation inspired the movie Argo, directed by and starring Ben Affleck. The Master of Disguise gives us a privileged look at what really happens at the highest levels of international espionage: in the field, undercover, and behind closed doors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RWH9FMQP,2000-11-07,Antonio J. Mendez,Harper Collins Publishers,,2024-02-18T10:13:56Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2998,The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters,Book,https://thenewpress.com/books/cultural-cold-war,"During the Cold War, freedom of expression was vaunted as liberal democracy’s most cherished possession—but such freedom was put in service of a hidden agenda. In The Cultural Cold War, Frances Stonor Saunders reveals the extraordinary efforts of a secret campaign in which some of the most vocal exponents of intellectual freedom in the West were working for or subsidized by the CIA—whether they knew it or not. Called “the most comprehensive account yet of the [CIA’s] activities between 1947 and 1967” by the New York Times, the book presents shocking evidence of the CIA’s undercover program of cultural interventions in Western Europe and at home, drawing together declassified documents and exclusive interviews to expose the CIA’s astonishing campaign to deploy the likes of Hannah Arendt, Isaiah Berlin, Leonard Bernstein, Robert Lowell, George Orwell, and Jackson Pollock as weapons in the Cold War. Translated into ten languages, this classic work—now with a new preface by the author—is “a real contribution to popular understanding of the postwar period” (The Wall Street Journal), and its story of covert cultural efforts to win hearts and minds continues to be relevant today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/44QLALK4,2013-11-01,Frances S. Saunders,The New Press,,2024-02-18T10:11:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 2999,Soviet Deception in the Cuban Missile Crisis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-1/soviet-deception-in-the-cuban-missile-crisis/,"Moscow's surreptitious dispatch of nuclear-capable SS-4 and SS-5 surface-to-surface missiles to Cuba in 1962 upset the strategic balance in an alarming way. The resulting showdown—which the Russians call the ""Caribbean Crisis"" and the Cubans call the ""October Crisis""— brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. From its inception, the Soviet missile operation entailed elaborate denial and deception (D&D) efforts. The craft of denying the United States information on the deployment of the missiles and deceiving US policymakers about the Soviet Union's intent was the foundation of Nikita Khrushchev's audacious Cuban venture. Piecing together the deception activities from declassified US, Russian, and Cuban accounts yields insights that can help us anticipate and overcome the D&D efforts of a growing number of foreign adversaries today",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2CJK3IT2,2002-03-01,James H. Hansen,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T10:06:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3000,The Intelligence Community: 2001-2015,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-1/the-intelligence-community-2001-2015/,"The authors intend this article to provoke a broad discussion of the role of intelligence in a constitutional republic during an era of accelerating change and terrible new dangers. The effort was inspired by workshops held under the auspices of the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Community Management, where government, private sector, and academic experts reviewed the challenges facing the Intelligence Community between now and 2015. Participants were guided by the National Intelligence Council's ""Global Trends 2015: A Dialogue About The Future, With Non-governmental Experts.""",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I746KQ89,2002-03-01,"Aris A. Pappas, James M. Simon",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T10:05:43Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3001,Reichsführer Himmler Pitches Washington,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-1/reichsfuhrer-himmler-pitches-washington/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QWDJLGIF,2002-03-01,John H. Waller,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T10:04:46Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3002,"The OSS and the London ""Free Germans""",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-1/the-oss-and-the-london-free-germans/,"The opening of the files of the wartime Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the end of the Cold War have enabled scholars to add new perspective to our understanding of World War II intelligence operations. Two decades ago, Joseph Persico’s Piercing the Reich used some of the declassified records to tell the story of the OSS’s daring infiltration of agents into Nazi Germany in the closing months of the war. One of the OSS officers who ran those operations, the late Joseph Gould, left a memoir that now adds texture and impact to Persico’s account and subsequent scholarship. The author of this article, Gould’s son Jonathan, has combined his father’s memories with the published literature—and with a startling twist from behind the Iron Curtain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9UR6M93A,2002-03-01,Jonathan S. Gould,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T10:03:53Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3003,The Kaiser Sows Destruction,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-1/the-kaiser-sows-destruction/,"Intelligence officers responding to the attacks on 11 September 2001 perhaps had little inkling that they were following paths trod long ago by their forebears. On a summer night in New York City in 1916, a pier laden with a thousand tons of munitions destined for Britain, France, and Russia in their war against Imperial Germany suddenly caught fire and exploded with a force that scarred the Statue of Liberty with shrapnel, shattered windows in Times Square, rocked the Brooklyn Bridge, and woke sleepers as far away as Maryland. Within days, local authorities had concluded that the blasts at ""Black Tom"" pier were the work of German saboteurs seeking to destroy supplies headed from neutral America to Germany's enemies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RGVA68VE,2002-03-01,Michael Warner,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T10:02:59Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3004,Vernon Walters—Renaissance Man,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-1/vernon-walters-renaissance-man/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8SMMIJ8U,2002-03-01,Henry R. Appelbaum,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T10:01:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3005,The Secret History of the CIA,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MURRHEI6,2005-01-05,Joseph J. Trento,Carroll & Graf Publishers Inc,,2024-02-18T10:00:32Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3006,"West-Arbeit des MfS: Das Zusammenspiel von ""Aufklärung"" und ""Abwehr"" [The MfS's Operations in the West: The Interaction of ""Intelliegence"" and ""Counterintelligence""]",Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KGNZTT7R,1999,Hubertus Knabe,,,2024-02-18T09:58:24Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3007,Roosevelt's Secret Wa: FDR and World War II Espionage,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/129930/roosevelts-secret-war-by-joseph-e-persico/,"Despite all that has already been written on Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Joseph Persico has uncovered a hitherto overlooked dimension of FDR’s wartime leadership: his involvement in intelligence and espionage operations. Roosevelt’s Secret War is crowded with remarkable revelations: -FDR wanted to bomb Tokyo before Pearl Harbor -A defector from Hitler’s inner circle reported directly to the Oval Office -Roosevelt knew before any other world leader of Hitler’s plan to invade Russia -Roosevelt and Churchill concealed a disaster costing hundreds of British soldiers’ lives in order to protect Ultra, the British codebreaking secret -An unwitting Japanese diplomat provided the President with a direct pipeline into Hitler’s councils Roosevelt’s Secret War also describes how much FDR had been told–before the Holocaust–about the coming fate of Europe’s Jews. And Persico also provides a definitive answer to the perennial question Did FDR know in advance about the attack on Pearl Harbor? By temperament and character, no American president was better suited for secret warfare than FDR. He manipulated, compartmentalized, dissembled, and misled, demonstrating a spymaster’s talent for intrigue. He once remarked, ""I never let my right hand know what my left hand does."" Not only did Roosevelt create America’s first central intelligence agency, the OSS, under ""Wild Bill"" Donovan, but he ran spy rings directly from the Oval Office, enlisting well-placed socialite friends. FDR was also spied against. Roosevelt’s Secret War presents evidence that the Soviet Union had a source inside the Roosevelt White House; that British agents fed FDR total fabrications to draw the United States into war; and that Roosevelt, by yielding to Churchill’s demand that British scientists be allowed to work on the Manhattan Project, enabled the secrets of the bomb to be stolen. And these are only a few of the scores of revelations in this constantly surprising story of Roosevelt’s hidden role in World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HCCLQA6E,2002-10-22,Joseph E. Persico,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-18T09:56:25Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3008,The U-2 Spyplane: Toward the Unknown : A New History of the Early Years,Book,https://schifferbooks.com/products/u-2-spyplane,"The full story of the development and early use of the U-2 has never been properly told – until now. This book describes in vivid detail how the high-flying spyplane was conceived, designed, built, and deployed in record time. It explains why the CIA, and not the U.S. Air Force, controlled the project. It traces how the Iron Curtain was pried apart by the epic overflights of “denied territory” from 1956 to 1960. It discusses why these flights were needed, what they were looking for, and how the intelligence they returned was processed and analyzed. Readers are taken inside the Soviet Union’s military machine, as it developed new strategic weapons and (eventually) the means to shoot the U-2 down. The book also explores the political dimension, telling how President Eisenhower and Premier Khrushchev each faced the challenge of the U-2 flights – albeit from very different perspectives. Toward the Unknown will appeal to students of aviation and intelligence history, and to anyone wishing to learn more about a key episode in the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PVJI9YKI,2000,Chris Pocock,Schiffer Publishing,,2024-02-18T09:54:08Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'PBHFUE8W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3009,One Officer's Perspective: The Decline of the National Reconnaissance Office,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-2/one-officers-perspective-the-decline-of-the-national-reconnaissance-office/,The author presents this article in the hope of fostering a dialogue on the future relationship between the CIA and the NRO.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MR3CPNWK,2002-06-01,Robert J. Kohler,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T09:51:54Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3010,Open-Source Intelligence in the Russia-Ukraine War,Book chapter,https://lup.nl/publications/political-science/military-studies/reflections-on-the-russia-ukraine-war/,"Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, a steady flow of information has allowed audiences to watch the Russia-Ukraine war unfold in real-time. In contrast to earlier conflicts, the role of amateur analysts as well as open-source organisations stands out. On a large scale, they collect and process publicly available information and subsequently disseminate open-source intelligence analyses. This chapter explores the open-source community in the Russia-Ukraine war with a specific emphasis on these amateur analysts and open-source organisations. Based on numerous news articles, social media posts and reports on open-source intelligence in the Russia-Ukraine War, the chapter identifies four main functions of open-source intelligence, namely 1) debunking and refuting false narratives, 2) reshaping perceptions, 3) informing military troops, and 4) documenting potential war crimes and human rights violations. The main issues the open-source community in the Russia-Ukraine war face include 1) information verification being time-consuming and complicated, 2) ethical and legal problems and 3) the vulnerability of the community and its network infrastructure.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7867ZEBW,2024-02-24,"Hannah van Beek, Sebastiaan Rietjens",Leiden University Press,,2024-02-18T08:58:26Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,Reflections on the Russia-Ukraine War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3011,‘The Wise Man Will Be Master of the Stars’. The Use of Twitter by a Military Intelligence Service in Wartime: The Case of the GUR,Book chapter,https://lup.nl/publications/political-science/military-studies/reflections-on-the-russia-ukraine-war/,"The impact of social media communication strategies on the public perception of (military) intelligence services is a factor that cannot be overlooked. An effective communication strategy can help to build trust, while an ineffective strategy can erode public confidence. This is relevant in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, where both sides use social media to promote their perspectives and counter each other’s narratives. Mid-2021, Ukraine’s military intelligence service, the Main Directorate of Intelligence, commonly known as the GUR, joined the social media platform Twitter with the message: ‘Sapiens Dominabitur Astri’ (the wise man will be master of the stars). This chapter explores the presence of the GUR on Twitter and concentrates on how this service exploits sensitive communications intelligence (COMINT) on its Twitter feed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R4XC3CLU,2024-02-24,Peter Schrijver,Leiden University Press,,2024-02-18T09:47:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'LXMU5UXP']",,Reflections on the Russia-Ukraine War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3012,Secrets of Victory: The Office of Censorship and the American Press and Radio in World War II,Book,https://uncpress.org/book/9780807849149/secrets-of-victory/,"During World War II, the civilian Office of Censorship supervised a huge and surprisingly successful program of news management: the voluntary self-censorship of the American press. In January 1942, censorship codebooks were distributed to all American newspapers, magazines, and radio stations with the request that journalists adhere to the guidelines within. Remarkably, over the course of the war no print journalist, and only one radio journalist, ever deliberately violated the censorship code after having been made aware of it and understanding its intent. Secrets of Victory examines the World War II censorship program and analyzes the reasons for its success. Using archival sources, including the Office of Censorship's own records, Michael Sweeney traces the development of news media censorship from a pressing necessity after the attack on Pearl Harbor to the centralized yet efficient bureaucracy that persuaded thousands of journalists to censor themselves for the sake of national security. At the heart of this often dramatic story is the Office of Censorship's director Byron Price. A former reporter himself, Price relied on cooperation with--rather than coercion of--American journalists in his fight to safeguard the nation's secrets.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2B6EI63I,2001-03-01,Michael S. Sweeney,The University of North Carolina Press,,2024-02-18T09:37:50Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3013,From Munich to Pearl Harbor: Roosevelt's America and the Origins of the Second World War,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781566633901/From-Munich-to-Pearl-Harbor-Roosevelts-America-and-the-Origins-of-the-Second-World-War,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2U8CSB72,2002-08-05,David Reynolds,Ivan R. Dee,,2024-02-18T09:36:36Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3014,God's Eye: Aerial Photography and the Katyn Forest Massacre,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XNPTDTPG,2021-12-21,Frank Fox,Winged Hussar Publishing,,2024-02-18T09:35:24Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3015,"The Information War in the Pacific, 1945 - CIA",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-3/the-information-war-in-the-pacific-1945/,"In August 1945, the world went into a state of shock at the sheer devastating power of nuclear weapons. Over fifty years later, that shock still eclipses the fascinating story of how the Japanese nation actually came to surrender. Many Americans believe that the surrender immediately followed the use of the atomic bomb. Worse, young Japanese seem to consider the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki to be isolated incidents without cause. Ignorance of the history of August 1945 may turn out to be one of the lamentable legacies of World War II. There is no question that the Allies’ superior military power and determined spirit defeated Japan. But it was the Allies’ communication network that provided war information directly to the Japanese people and an unprecedented response by the Emperor that pushed Japan to accept this defeat. What follows is the story of the US Office of War Information (OWI) and the dramatic role it played in the surrender of the Japanese empire.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YBZLU8B5,2002-09-01,Josette H. Williams,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T09:33:42Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3016,One Woman's Contribution to Social Change at CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-3/one-womans-contribution-to-social-change-at-cia/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZC8FXRHT,2002-09-01,Dawn Ellison,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T09:32:43Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3017,Ways To Make Analysis Relevant But Not Prescriptive,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-3/ways-to-make-analysis-relevant-but-not-prescriptive/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PMRF4V9L,2002-09-01,Fulton T. Armstrong,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T09:30:42Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3018,Evolution Beats Revolution in Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-3/evolution-beats-revolution-in-analysis/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CWF3DNQZ,2002-09-01,Steven R. Ward,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T09:29:58Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3019,What To do When Traditional Models Fail,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-3/what-to-do-when-traditional-models-fail/,"Editor’s Note: This article is designed to stimulate debate. Written and circulated within government circles in 2001, it is presented here for consideration by a wider audience. CIA officer Steven Ward joins the debate with a counterpoint article of this issue.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7VGBK7DE,2002-09-01,Carmen A. Medina,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T09:29:00Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3020,Wanted: A Definition of Intelligence,Journal article,https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA525816,"In a business as old as recorded history, one would expect to find a sophisticated understanding of just what that business is, what it does, and how it works. If the business is intelligence, however, we search in vain. As historian Walter Laqueur warned us, so far no one has succeeded in crafting a theory of intelligence. I have to wonder if the difficult) in doing so resides more in the slipperiness of the tools than in the poor skills of the craftsmen or the complexity of the topic. Indeed, even today, we have no accepted definition of intelligence. The term is defined anew by each author who addresses it, and these definitions rarely refer to one another or build off what has been written before. Without a clear idea of what intelligence is, how can we develop a theory to explain how it works? If you cannot define a term of art, then you need to rethink something. In some way you are not getting to the heart of the matter. Here is an opportunity: a compelling definition of intelligence might help us to devise a theory of intelligence and increase our understanding. In the hope of advancing discussions of this topic, I have collected some of the concise definitions of intelligence that I deem to be distinguished either by their source or by their clarity. After explaining what they do and do not tell us, I shall offer up my own sacrificial definition to the tender mercies of future critics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BRT2X4Z9,2002-09-01,Michael Warner,,Studies in Intelligence,2020-06-12T13:06:25Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3021,Supporting US Foreign Policy in the Post-9/11 World,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-3/supporting-us-foreign-policy-in-the-post-9-11-world/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5SIFJKI6,2002-09-01,Richard N. Haass,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T09:25:52Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3022,"Security Intelligence Services in New Democracies: The Czech Republic, Slovakia and Romania",Book,https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403905369,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SWZWMD3F,2001,"Kieran Williams, Dennis Deletant",Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2024-02-18T09:21:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1057/9781403905369,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2491045185,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2491045185,2012.0,2025.0,2001.0,,11.0 3023,The FBI: A History,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300142846/the-fbi,"This fast-paced history of the FBI presents the first balanced and complete portrait of the vast, powerful, and sometimes bitterly criticized American institution. Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, a well-known expert on U.S. intelligence agencies, tells the bureau’s story in the context of American history. Along the way he challenges conventional understandings of that story and assesses the FBI’s strengths and weaknesses as an institution. Common wisdom traces the origin of the bureau to 1908, but Jeffreys-Jones locates its true beginnings in the 1870s, when Congress acted in response to the Ku Klux Klan campaign of terror against black American voters. The character and significance of the FBI derive from this original mission, the author contends, and he traces the evolution of the mission into the twenty-first century. The book makes a number of surprising observations: that the role of J. Edgar Hoover has been exaggerated and the importance of attorneys general underestimated, that splitting counterintelligence between the FBI and the CIA in 1947 was a mistake, and that xenophobia impaired the bureau’s preemptive anti-terrorist powers before and after 9/11. The author concludes with a fresh consideration of today’s FBI and the increasingly controversial nature of its responsibilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/64GYYRHT,2008-08-29,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Yale University Press London,,2024-02-18T09:18:22Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3024,The CIA and American Democracy,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300099485/the-cia-and-american-democracy,"This third edition of Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones’s engrossing history of the Central Intelligence Agency includes a new prologue that discusses the history of the CIA since the end of the Cold War, focusing in particular on the intelligence dimensions of the terrorist attacks on 9/11.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5D7252Y4,2003-02-08,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Yale University Press London,,2024-02-18T09:17:33Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3025,Cloak and Dollar: A History of American Secret Intelligence,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300101591/cloak-and-dollar,"Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, a leading expert on the history of American espionage, here offers a lively and sweeping history of American secret intelligence from the founding of the nation through the present day. Jeffreys-Jones chronicles the extraordinary expansion of American secret intelligence from the 1790s, when George Washington set aside a discretionary fund for covert operations, to the beginning of the twenty-first century, when United States intelligence expenditure exceeds Russia’s total defense budget. How did the American intelligence system evolve into such an enormous and costly bureaucracy? Jeffreys-Jones argues that hyperbolic claims and the impulse toward self-promotion have beset American intelligence organizations almost from the outset. Allan Pinkerton, whose nineteenth-century detective agency was the forerunner of modern intelligence bureaus, invented assassination plots and fomented anti-radical fears in order to demonstrate his own usefulness. Subsequent spymasters likewise invented or exaggerated a succession of menaces ranging from white slavery to Soviet espionage to digital encryption in order to build their intelligence agencies and, later, to defend their ever-expanding budgets. While American intelligence agencies have achieved some notable successes, Jeffreys-Jones argues, the intelligence community as a whole has suffered from a dangerous distortion of mission. By exaggerating threats such as Communist infiltration and Chinese espionage at the expense of other, more intractable problems—such as the narcotics trade and the danger of terrorist attack—intelligence agencies have misdirected resources and undermined their own objectivity. Since the end of the Cold War, the aims of American secret intelligence have been unclear. Recent events have raised serious questions about effectiveness of foreign intelligence, and yet the CIA and other intelligence agencies are poised for even greater expansion under the current administration. Offering a lucid assessment of the origins and evolution of American secret intelligence, Jeffreys-Jones asks us to think also about the future direction of our intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C2MVECFT,2003-10-11,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Yale University Press London,,2024-02-18T09:16:15Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'DS3WDJUS', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3026,Richard Helms: The Intelligence Professional Personified,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-4/richard-helms-the-intelligence-professional-personified/,"Editor’s Note: From 1997 to 2002, David Robarge worked as a research assistant for Richard Helms while the Ambassador was writing his memoirs, and also interviewed him extensively for other historical projects. In the course of those and many other professional and social contacts with the Ambassador and his family, the author came to regard Helms as a friend and counselor.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WEDEVFY2,2002-12-01,David S. Robarge,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T09:11:55Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3027,Eulogy for Former DCI Richard McGarrah Helms,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-46-no-4/eulogy-for-former-dci-richard-mcgarrah-helms/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DXRYWXLN,2002-12-01,George J. Tenet,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-18T09:11:09Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3028,Spying on Spies How Elizebeth Smith Friedman Broke the Nazis' Secret Codes,Book,https://www.abramsbooks.com/product/spying-on-spies_9781419767319/,"Bestselling and award-winning author-illustrator Marissa Moss tells the gripping story of America's first female cryptanalyst, Elizebeth Smith Friedman, who busted Nazi spy rings. Praised for her accessible blend of narrative nonfiction with graphic nov",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PGIGYH3L,2024-03-12,Marissa Moss,Abrams Books,,2024-02-18T09:07:06Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3029,China Says It Detained a Foreign Consultant for Spying for Britain,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/08/world/asia/china-spying-britain.html,"The Ministry of State Security says the consultant collected intelligence and found people on behalf of MI6, Britain’s spy agency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F3ZVIIUB,2024-01-08,Daisuke Wakabayashi,,The New York Times,2024-02-18T09:05:48Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3030,A Framework for Strengthening U.S. Intelligence,Journal article,https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/yaljoina1&i=324,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZLJPF2GQ,2005,Loch K. Johnson,,Yale Journal of International Affairs,2024-01-10T01:00:46Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3031,"Allen Dulles on Political Reporting, 1925: Nuts, Bolts, and Philosophy",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-64-no-4/allen-dulles-on-political-reporting-1925-nuts-bolts-and-philosophy/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BUK89UB9,2020-12-01,David A. Langbart,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T08:34:41Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3032,Spies and Commandos: How America Lost the Secret War in North Vietnam,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700611478,"During the Vietnam war, the United States sought to undermine Hanoi’s subversion of the Saigon regime by sending Vietnamese operatives behind enemy lines. A secret to most Americans, this covert operation was far from secret in Hanoi: all of the commandos were killed or captured, and many were turned by the Communists to report false information. Spies and Commandos traces the rise and demise of this secret operation—started by the CIA in 1960 and expanded by the Pentagon beginning in1964—in the first book to examine the program from both sides of the war. Kenneth Conboy and Dale Andradé interviewed CIA and military personnel and traveled in Vietnam to locate former commandos who had been captured by Hanoi, enabling them to tell the complete story of these covert activities from high-level decision making to the actual experiences of the agents. The book vividly describes scores of dangerous missions—including raids against North Vietnamese coastal installations and the air-dropping of dozens of agents into enemy territory—as well as psychological warfare designed to make Hanoi believe the “resistance movement” was larger than it actually was. It offers a more complete operational account of the program than has ever been made available—particularly its early years—and ties known events in the war to covert operations, such as details of the “34-A Operations” that led to the Tonkin Gulf incidents in 1964. It also explains in no uncertain terms why the whole plan was doomed to failure from the start. One of the remarkable features of the operation, claim the authors, is that its failures were so glaring. They argue that the CIA, and later the Pentagon, was unaware for years that Hanoi had compromised the commandos, even though some agents missed radio deadlines or filed suspicious reports. Operational errors were not attributable to conspiracy or counterintelligence, they contend, but simply to poor planning and lack of imagination. Although it flourished for ten years under cover of the wider war, covert activity in Vietnam is now recognized as a disaster. Conboy and Andradé’s account of that episode is a sobering tale that lends a new perspective on the war as it reclaims the lost lives of these unsung spies and commandos.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VVGKVN7H,2000-03-01,"Kenneth Conboy, Dale Andradé",University Press of Kansas,,2024-02-17T23:14:45Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3033,Decent Interval: An Insider's Account of Saigon's Indecent End Told by the CIA's Chief Strategy Analyst in Vietnam,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700612130,"Widely regarded as a classic on the Vietnam War, Decent Interval provides a scathing critique of the CIA’s role in and final departure from that conflict. Still the most detailed and respected account of America’s final days in Vietnam, the book was written at great risk and ultimately at great sacrifice by an author who believed in the CIA’s cause but was disillusioned by the agency’s treacherous withdrawal, leaving thousands of Vietnamese allies to the mercy of an angry enemy. A quarter-century later, it remains a riveting and powerful testament to one of the darkest episodes in American history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SITNH3BY,2002-11-13,Frank Snepp,University Press of Kansas,,2024-02-17T23:14:01Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3034,The CIA's Secret War in Tibet,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700617883,"Defiance against Chinese oppression has been a defining characteristic of Tibetan life for more than four decades, symbolized most visibly by the much revered Dalai Lama. But the story of Tibetan resistance weaves a far richer tapestry than anyone might have imagined. Kenneth Conboy and James Morrison reveal how America's Central Intelligence Agency encouraged Tibet’s revolt against China—and eventually came to control its fledgling resistance movement. While the CIA's presence in Tibet has been alluded to in other works, the authors provide the first comprehensive, as well as most compelling account of this little known agency enterprise. The CIA’s Secret War in Tibet takes readers from training camps in the Colorado Rockies to the scene of clandestine operations in the Himalayas, chronicling the agency’s help in securing the Dalai Lama’s safe passage to India and subsequent initiation of one of the most remote covert campaigns of the Cold War. Establishing a rebel army in the northern Nepali kingdom of Mustang and a para-commando force in India designed to operate behind Chinese lines, Conboy and Morrison provide previously unreported details about secret missions undertaken in extraordinarily harsh conditions. Their book greatly expands on previous memoirs by CIA officials by putting virtually every major agency participant on record with details of clandestine operations. It also calls as witnesses the people who managed and fought in the program—including Tibetan and Nepalese agents, Indian intelligence officers, and even mission aircrews. Conboy and Morrison take pains to tell the story from all perspectives, particularly that of the former Tibetan guerrillas, many of whom have gone on record here for the first time. The authors also tell how Tibet led America and India to become secret partners over the course of several presidential administrations and cite dozens of Indian and Tibetan intelligence documents directly related to these covert operations. Ultimately, they are persuasive that the Himalayan operations were far more successful as a proving ground for CIA agents who were later reassigned to southeast Asia than as a staging ground for armed rebellion. As the movement for Tibetan liberation continues to attract international support, Tibet’s status remains a contentious issue in both Washington and Beijing. This book takes readers inside a covert war fought with Tibetan blood and U. S. sponsorship and allows us to better understand the true nature of that controversy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3CXPVEME,2002-04-01,"Kenneth Conboy, James Morrison",University Press of Kansas,,2024-02-17T23:12:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3035,Irreparable Harm: A Firsthand Account of How One Agent Took on the CIA in an Epic Battle Over Free Speech,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700610914,"Among the last CIA agents airlifted from Saigon in the waning moments of the Vietnam War, Frank Snepp returned to headquarters determined to secure help for the Vietnamese left behind by an Agency eager to cut its losses. What he received instead was a cold shoulder from a CIA that in 1975 was already in turmoil over congressional investigations of its operations throughout the world. In protest, Snepp resigned to write a damning account of the agency’s cynical neglect of its onetime allies and inept handling of the war. His expose, Decent Interval, was published in total secrecy, eerily evocative of a classic spy operation, and only after Snepp had spent eighteen months dodging CIA efforts to silence him. The book ignited a firestorm of controversy, was featured in a 60 Minutes exclusive, received front-page coverage in the New York Times, and launched a campaign of retaliation by the CIA, capped by a Supreme Court decision that steamrolled over Snepp’s right to free speech. In the wake of Snepp's harrowing experiences, his legal case has been used by Presidents Reagan, Bush, and Clinton to narrow the First Amendment freedoms of all federal employees, especially “whistleblowers.” Such encroachments make it clear that Snepp’s very personal story has a great deal of relevance for all of us and certainly for anyone who has grown increasingly distrustful of the federal government’s “national security argument.” “The First Amendment to the Constitution protects our right to say what we think, however unwelcome the message may be. And the ‘central meaning of the First Amendment,’ as the Supreme Court has put it, is the right to criticize government and its officials. So we believe. But the story of Frank Snepp mocks our belief. . . . A shocking revelation of how the law can be twisted in a country that prides itself on ‘Equal Justice Under Law.’”—Anthony Lewis (from the Foreword)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HDQ6M5YP,2001-04-30,Frank Snepp,University Press of Kansas,,2024-02-17T23:11:34Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3036,The CIA's Greatest Covert Operation: Inside the Daring Mission to Recover a Nuclear-Armed Soviet Sub,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700619412,"March 1968: three miles below the stormy surface of the North Pacific, a Soviet submarine lay silent as a tomb-its crew dead, its payload of nuclear missiles, once directed toward strategic targets in Hawaii, inoperable. No longer a real threat, the sub still presented an alluring target and it was not long before the CIA answered its siren call—even at the risk of igniting World War III. Project AZORIAN—the monumentally audacious six-year mission to recover the sub and learn its secrets—has been celebrated within the CIA as its greatest covert operation and hailed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers as the twentieth century’s greatest marine engineering feat. While previous accounts have offered beguiling glimpses, none have had significant access to CIA personnel or documents. Now David Sharp, the mission’s Director of Recovery Systems, draws upon his own recollections and personal records, ship's logs, declassified documents, and conversations with team members to shine a bright light on this remarkable but still little understood enterprise. Sharp reveals how the CIA conceived, organized, and conducted AZORIAN, including recruiting the legendary Howard Hughes to provide the “ocean mining” cover story. He takes readers onto and beneath the high seas to show the problems faced by the crew during the operation, including potential Soviet intervention and tense moments when the recovery ship itself was in danger of breaking up. He also puts a human face on key players like Carl Duckett, the head of the CIA’s Science and Technology Directorate; John Parangosky, AZORIAN’s program manager; John Graham, designer of the Hughes Glomar Explorer; Curtis Crooke of Global Marine Development, co-creator of the “grunt lift” recovery concept; and Oscar “Ott” Schick, manager of the Lockheed-built capture vehicle and submersible barge. A mammoth undertaking worthy of the most dramatic and spell-binding espionage fiction, Project AZORIAN harnessed American imagination and ingenuity at their highest levels. Featuring dozens of previously classified photos, Sharp’s chronicle of that amazing operation plunges readers deep into the darkest shadows of the Cold War to produce the definitive account of an amazing mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRSV7MMJ,2013-07-20,David H. Sharp,University Press of Kansas,,2024-02-17T23:10:18Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3037,Spies in the Vatican: Espionage and Intrigue from Napoleon to the Holocaust,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700612147,"Revered by millions, the Papacy is an international power that many nations have viewed with suspicion, some have tried to control, and not a few have spied upon. Ranging across two centuries of world history, David Alvarez’s fascinating study throws open the Vatican’s doors to reveal the startling but little-known world of espionage in one of the most sacred places on earth. Reviewing the pontificates of ten popes—from Pius VII, Napoleon’s nemesis, to Pius XII, maligned by some as “Hitler’s pope”—Alvarez provides the first history of the intelligence operations and covert activities that reached the highest levels of the Vatican. Populated with world leaders, both famous and infamous, and a rogue’s gallery of professional spies, fallen priests, and mercenary informants, his work casts a bright light into the darker corners of papal history and international diplomacy, a light that often sparkles with a witty appreciation of the foibles of the espionage trade. Alvarez reveals that the Vatican itself occasionally entered this clandestine world through such operations as a network of informants to spy on liberal Catholics or a covert mission to establish an underground church in the Soviet Union. More frequently, however, the Vatican was the target for hostile intelligence services seeking to expose the secrets of the Papacy. During World War I, for example, Pope Benedict XV’s personal assistant was a secret German agent. During World War II, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the United States sent spies into the Vatican to discover the pope’s intentions. The Nazis were especially resourceful, securing the services of apostate priests, such as Herbert Keller, an unscrupulous monk who exposed Pope Pius XII’s involvement in a plot against Hitler, and devising a plan to establish a “seminary” in Rome with agents posing as student priests. Alvarez recounts these operations and many more, including the methods by which the Vatican learned about the Holocaust. Based on diplomatic and intelligence records in Britain, France, Italy, Spain, the United States, and the Vatican—with the latter including documents sealed after the author had access to them—Spies in the Vatican reveals that the Papacy often was hindered by its inability to collect timely and relevant intelligence and that it made little effort to improve its intelligence capabilities after 1870. Challenging the long-held notion that the pope is the world’s best-informed leader, Alvarez illuminates not only the inner workings of the Vatican but also the global events in which it was inextricably involved.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3QYWN4G8,2002-11-04,David Alvarez,University Press of Kansas,,2024-02-17T23:08:50Z,"['8XA7D88D', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3038,"Secret Messages: Codebreaking and American Diplomacy, 1930-1945",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700610136,"To defeat your enemies you must know them well. In wartime, however, enemy codemakers make that task much more difficult. If you cannot break their codes and read their messages, you may discover too late the enemy’s intentions. That’s why codebreakers were considered such a crucial weapon during World War II. In Secret Messages, David Alvarez provides the first comprehensive analysis of the impact of decoded radio messages (signals intelligence) upon American foreign policy and strategy from 1930 to 1945. He presents the most complete account to date of the U.S. Army’s top-secret Signal Intelligence Service (SIS): its creation, its struggles, its rapid wartime growth, and its contributions to the war effort. Alvarez reveals the inner workings of the SIS (precursor of today’s NSA) and the codebreaking process and explains how SIS intercepted, deciphered, and analyzed encoded messages. From its headquarters at Arlington Hall outside Washington, D.C., SIS grew from a staff of four novice codebreakers to more than 10,000 people stationed around the globe, secretly monitoring the communications of not only the Axis powers but dozens of other governments as well and producing a flood of intelligence. Some of the SIS programs were so clandestine that even the White House—unaware of the agency’s existence until 1937—was kept uninformed of them, such as the 1943 creation of a super-secret program to break Soviet codes and ciphers. In addition, Alvarez brings to light such previously classified operations as the interception of Vatican communications and a comprehensive program to decrypt the communications of our wartime allies. He also dispels many of the myths about the SIS’s influence on American foreign policy, showing that the impact of special intelligence in the diplomatic sphere was limited by the indifference of the White House, constraints within the program itself, and rivalries with other agencies (like the FBI). Drawing upon military and intelligence archives, interviews with retired and active cryptanalysts, and over a million pages of cryptologic documents declassified in 1996, Alvarez illuminates this dark corner of intelligence history and expands our understanding of its role in and contributions to the American effort in World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6PU7K6VX,2000-04-06,David Alvarez,University Press of Kansas,,2024-02-17T23:07:32Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3039,Of Spies and Lies: A CIA Lie Detector Remembers Vietnam,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700611683,"Any serious study of the Vietnam War would be less than complete without accounting for the CIA’s role in that conflict-a role that increased dramatically after the Tet offensive in 1968. We know most of the details of military engagement in Vietnam, given its greater visibility, but until recently clandestine operations have remained shrouded in secrecy. John Sullivan was one of the CIA’s top polygraph examiners during the final four years of the war in Vietnam, where he served longer and conducted more lie detector tests than any other examiner and worked with more agents than most of his colleagues. His job was to evaluate the reliability of the agency’s information sources, an assignment that gave him a more intimate view of the war than was afforded most other participants. In the first book to be written by such an operative, he tells what it was like to be an agency officer working in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos during those chaotic years, putting a human face on covert operations that helps us better understand why we lost the war. Of Spies and Lies traces Sullivan’s journey from dedication to disillusionment while serving in Southeast Asia. Although many CIA personnel lived better in Vietnam and made more money than ever before, their actual working conditions hindered effective intelligence gathering. A much larger and far more distressing obstacle, however, was the agency’s failure to send its “best and brightest” agents to Southeast Asia. On the contrary, as Sullivan notes, Vietnam became a kind of dumping ground for poor performers, alcoholics, refugees from bad marriages, and other “problem agents.” Through anecdotes and inside stories Sullivan provides new insights into CIA culture that debunk the “James Bond” image of clandestine operations and show how in Vietnam the seamier aspects of that culture were allowed to grow even worse. He discusses the roles of the CIA’s three most significant players—Ted Shackley, General Charles Timmes, and Tom Polgar—from a more personal perspective than previously available and candidly portrays a rogues’ gallery of cheats, scoundrels, and libertines, while also giving due credit to those who fought hard to maintain professional standards. One of the most frank and intimate looks at CIA operations in Vietnam ever published, Of Spies and Lies reveals why the CIA’s efforts there were such a failure and allows a more complete assessment of its poor performance in a losing cause.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BQD4M4PU,2002-05-30,John F. Sullivan,University Press of Kansas,,2024-02-17T23:05:30Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3040,Spy Capitalism: ITEK and the CIA,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300209754/spy-capitalism,"What happens when the world of venture capital collides with the world of espionage? To find the answer, Jonathan E. Lewis takes us inside the executive suite at Itek Corporation during the Cold War years from 1957 to 1965. Itek was manufacturing the world’s most sophisticated satellite reconnaissance cameras, and the information these cameras provided about Soviet missiles and military activity was critical to U.S. security. So was Itek. This intriguing book examines in unprecedented detail the challenges Itek faced not only as a contractor for the most important national security program of the time—the CIA’s Project CORONA spy satellite—but also as a start-up company competing with established industrial giants. In telling the story of Itek Corporation, Lewis fills important gaps in the history of American intelligence, business history, and management studies. In addition, he addresses a variety of important themes such as the compatibility of secrecy and capitalism, the struggle between profits and patriotism, and the workings of power and connections in America. Lewis explores how Itek executives contended with myriad business problems that were compounded by the need to raise capital without revealing the complete truth about the company’s highly secret business. He also presents for the first time information about Laurance Rockefeller’s venture capital operations and his role in financing Itek, based on the financier’s private Itek papers. The book is both a remarkable case study of a company at the heart of the American intelligence-industrial complex during the Cold War and a thought-provoking examination of the impact of the CIA on the capitalist system it was created to defend.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6GHLFKK7,2008-10-01,Jonathan E. Lewis,Yale University Press,,2024-02-17T23:03:51Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3041,Failing to Keep Up with the Information Revolution,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Failing-to-Keep-Up.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LXX6UQS7,2003-03-01,Bruce D. Berkowitz,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T23:02:43Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3042,Integrating Methodologists into Teams of Substantive Experts,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Integrating-Methodologists-Into-Teams.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IF7SAIZB,2003-03-01,Rob Johnston,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T23:00:31Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3043,The Challenge for the Political Analyst,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-1/the-challenge-for-the-political-analyst/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IQFLQT9Z,2003-03-01,Martin Petersen,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:59:29Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3044,The Consequences of Permissive Neglect,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-1/the-consequences-of-permissive-neglect/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KMMKEQPW,2003-03-01,James B. Bruce,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:58:37Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3045,The Need to Reorganize the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-1/the-need-to-reorganize-the-intelligence-community/,Editor’s Note: The Center for the Study of Intelligence invites readers to engage in debate on the issues raised in this article. Commentary will be considered for publication in future issues of the journal.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UHE5Z264,2003-03-01,Larry C. Kindsvater,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:53:33Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3046,How “Uncle Joe” Bugged FDR,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-1/how-uncle-joe-bugged-fdr/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/37ZKMG6K,2003-03-01,Gary Kern,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:52:26Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3047,"Recollections of a Case Officer in Laos, 1962-1964",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-1/recollections-of-a-case-officer-in-laos-1962-1964/,"In early January 1962, I arrived in Vientiane, Laos, for my first assignment with the Central Intelligence Agency. Young case officers like myself, having completed basic training for the Clandestine Service and then paramilitary (PM) instruction, were being sent out in support of President Kennedy’s decision to hold the line against communist expansion. Trying to help the Laotians maintain their territorial integrity and their “independent” government was a tall order for a new officer. The demand for quick decisionmaking and constant flexibility to handle the unexpected in a war zone proved to be excellent preparation for my long career as a case officer in the field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7IGSYL29,2003-03-01,Richard L. Holm,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:50:57Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3048,Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley,Book,https://uncpress.org/book/9781469614991/red-spy-queen/,"When Elizabeth Bentley slunk into an FBI field office in 1945, she was thinking only of saving herself from NKGB assassins who were hot on her trail. She had no idea that she was about to start the greatest Red Scare in U.S. history. Bentley (1908-1963) was a Connecticut Yankee and Vassar graduate who spied for the Soviet Union for seven years. She met with dozens of highly placed American agents who worked for the Soviets, gathering their secrets and stuffing sensitive documents into her knitting bag. But her Soviet spymasters suspected her of disloyalty--and even began plotting to silence her forever. To save her own life, Bentley decided to betray her friends and comrades to the FBI. Her defection effectively shut down Soviet espionage in the United States for years. Despite her crucial role in the cultural and political history of the early Cold War, Bentley has long been overlooked or underestimated by historians. Now, new documents from Russian and American archives make it possible to assess the veracity of her allegations. This long overdue biography rescues Elizabeth Bentley from obscurity and tells her dramatic life story.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BTNNZ37P,2003-11-01,Kathryn S. Olmsted,The University of North Carolina Press,,2024-02-17T22:48:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3049,Intelligence in the Internet Era,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-3/intelligence-in-the-internet-era/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S36QMEW9,2003-09-01,A. Denis Clift,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:45:08Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3050,CIA Machinations in Chile in 1970,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-3/cia-machinations-in-chile-in-1970/,Editor’s Note: Mr. Gustafson received the Studies in Intelligence Walter L. Pforzheimer Award for this article in 2002. The prize is given to the graduate or undergraduate student who submitted the best paper on an intelligence-related subject during the preceding year.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6SJFPFV9,2003-09-01,Kristian Gustafson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:41:07Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3051,The Story of the National Cryptologic Museum,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-3/the-story-of-the-national-cryptologic-museum/,"On 16 December 1993, the National Cryptologic Museum (NCM) opened its doors to the public, displaying signals intercept artifacts dating from the early 16th century to the modern era. The museum has become an important part of the National Security Agency’s efforts over the past decade to put a new face on this ultra-secret part of the Intelligence Community and improve understanding of the Agency’s challenges and triumphs over the years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q7GZVQ73,2003-09-01,Jack E. Ingram,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:42:22Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3052,Developing a Taxonomy of Intelligence Analysis Variables,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-3/developing-a-taxonomy-of-intelligence-analysis-variables/,"Editor’s Note: By distilling a list of the variables that affect analytic reasoning, the author aims to move the tradecraft of intelligence analysis closer to a science. A carefully prepared taxonomy can become a structure for heightening awareness of analytic biases, sorting available data, identifying information gaps, and stimulating new approaches to the understanding of unfolding events, ultimately increasing the sophistication of analytic judgments. The article is intended to stimulate debate leading to refinements of the proposed variables and the application of such a framework to analytic thinking among intelligence professionals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V2DMWD7M,2003-09-01,Rob Johnston,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:43:12Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3053,"Tolkachev, A Worthy Successor to Penkovsky",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-47-no-3/tolkachev-a-worthy-successor-to-penkovsky/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H4KWTXU9,2003-09-01,Barry G. Royden,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T22:40:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3054,Hermit Surfers of P'yongyang - CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-1/hermit-surfers-of-pyongyang/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TY2XFLQI,2004-03-01,Stephen C. Mercado,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:57:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3055,"Secret Empire: Eisenhower, the CIA, and the Hidden Story of America's Space Espionage",Book,,"In a brief period of explosive, top-secret innovation during the 1950s, a small group of scientists, engineers, businessmen, and government officials rewrote the book on airplane design and led the nation into outer space. Led by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, they invented the U-2 and SR-71 spy planes and the first reconnaissance satellites that revolutionized spying, proved that the missile gap was a myth, and protected the United States from Soviet surprise nuclear attack. They also made possible the space-based mapping, communications, and targeting systems used in the Gulf War, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Veteran New York Times reporter and editor Philip Taubman interviewed dozens of participants and mined thousands of previously classified documents to tell this hidden, far-reaching story. He reconstructs the crucial meetings, conversations, and decisions that inspired and guided the development of the spy plane and satellite projects during one of the most perilous periods in our history, a time when, as President Eisenhower said, the world seemed to be ""racing toward catastrophe."" This is the story of these secret heroes, told in full for the first time.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VW93BEUB,2004-03-01,Philip Taubman,Simon & Schuster,,2024-02-17T21:08:14Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3056,A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/78295/a-look-over-my-shoulder-by-richard-helms-with-william-hood/9780812971088,"A Look over My Shoulder begins with President Nixon’s attempt to embroil the Central Intelligence Agency, of which Richard Helms was then the director, in the Watergate cover-up. Helms then recalls his education in Switzerland and Germany and at Williams College; his early career as a foreign correspondent in Berlin, during which he once lunched with Hitler; and his return to newspaper work in the United States. Helms served on the German desk at OSS headquarters in London; subsequently, he was assigned to Allen Dulles’s Berlin office in postwar Germany. On his return to Washington, Helms assumed responsibility for the OSS carryover operations in Germany, Austria, and Eastern Europe. He remained in this post until the Central Intelligence Agency was formed in 1947. At CIA, Helms served in many positions, ultimately becoming the organization’s director from 1966 to 1973. He was appointed ambassador to Iran later that year and retired from government service in January 1977. It was often thought that Richard Helms, who served longer in the Central Intelligence Agency than anyone else, would never tell his story, but here it is–revealing, news-making, and with candid assessments of the controversies and triumphs of a remarkable career.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VD3Y8G3W,2004-08-31,"Richard Helms, William Hood",Penguin Random House Canada,,2024-02-17T21:04:40Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3057,The Man in the Snow White Cell,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-1/the-man-in-the-snow-white-cell/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3B5Z6KRP,2004-03-01,Merle L. Pribbenow,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T21:01:45Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3058,New Insights into J. Edgar Hoover's Role,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-1/new-insights-into-j-edgar-hoovers-role/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BWD5L29P,2004-03-01,G. Gregg Webb,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:59:49Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3059,Hermit Surfers of P'yongyang,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-1/hermit-surfers-of-pyongyang/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CURP69P6,2004-03-01,Stephen C. Mercado,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:57:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3060,Australia's Response to Terrorism,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-1/australias-response-to-terrorism/,"The attacks of September 11, 2001, fundamentally changed the understanding of the United States and its allies of the threat posed by terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GP4LEBL2,2004-03-01,Nicholas Grono,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:53:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3061,Intelligence Reform in Europe's Emerging Democracies,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-1/intelligence-reform-in-europes-emerging-democracies/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F4TAJ5JB,2004-03-01,Larry L. Watts,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:50:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3062,Keeping Pace with the Revolution in Military Affairs,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-1/keeping-pace-with-the-revolution-in-military-affairs/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RW6IG3AW,2004-03-01,William M. Nolte,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:48:29Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3063,Fixing Intelligence: For a More Secure America,Book,https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300103045/fixing-intelligence,"Security depends on intelligence. A leading authority discusses basic problems in American intelligence and how to fix them William E. Odom is the highest-ranking member of the United States Intelligence community ever to write a book outlining fundamental restructuring of this vast network of agencies, technology, and human agents. In the wake of 9/11, Odom has revised and updated a powerful critique he wrote several years ago for staffs of the U.S. congressional committee overseeing the vast American intelligence bureaucracy. His recommendations for revamping this essential component of American security are now available for general readers as well as for policymakers. While giving an unmatched overview of the world of U.S. intelligence, Odom persuasively shows that the failure of American intelligence on 9/11 had much to do with the complex bureaucratic relationships existing among the various components of the Intelligence Community. The sustained fragmentation within the Intelligence Community since World War II is part of the story; the blurring of security and intelligence duties is another. Odom describes the various components of American intelligence in order to give readers an understanding of how complex they are and what can be done to make them more effective in providing timely intelligence and more efficient in using their large budgets. He shows definitively that they cannot be remedied with quick fixes but require deep study of the entire bureaucracy and the commitment of the U.S. government to implement the necessary reforms.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L4HDGRIY,2004-03-11,William E. Odom,Yale University Press,,2024-02-17T20:40:53Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3064,"The Cold War Atomic Intelligence Game, 1945-70",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-2/the-cold-war-atomic-intelligence-game-1945-70/,The USSR’s elaborate countermeasures were intended to prevent the West from learning about its nuclear program.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JUNBWYK5,2004-06-01,Oleg A. Bukharin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:36:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3065,The Great Game: The Myth and Reality of Espionage,Book,,"Compares figures from classic works of spy literature with counterintelligence and espionage agents, citing commonalities between fictional and true-life characters while analyzing the psychological and personal factors that motivate double agents. 30,000 first printing.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z9PZW96N,2004-04-01,Frederick P. Hitz,Alfred a Knopf Inc,,2024-02-17T20:35:15Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3066,"The Pond: Running Agents for State, War, and the CIA",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-3/,"Editor's note: The career of John ""Frenchy"" Grombach has long been a mystery that apparently would never be solved, given the secrecy of his actual work and the exagerations of his memoirs and collaborators. Mark Stout has labored valiantly in publicly available sources and, with the help of other historians, in personal collections to outline Grombach's activities. This article presents his findings. In late 2001, however, voluminous records of Grombach's semi-private intelligence organization were found in a barn in Virginia. Those records are now at the CIA, which, after reviewing them for lingering security concerns, will transfer them to the National Archives. Mr. Stout had access to the newly discovered records before he left the Agency in 2003.1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2HZICDW,2004-09-01,Mark Stout,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:30:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3067,Intelligence Support to the Life Science Community: Mitigating Threats from Bioterrorism,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-3/intelligence-support-to-the-life-science-community-mitigating-threats-from-bioterrorism/,A collaboration involving the national security and bioscience research communities could be key to minimizing the challenges posed by proliferation of research findings that have bioterror and BW applications.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QX8KTFHK,2004-09-01,James B. Petro,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:26:40Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3068,Sailing the Sea of OSINT in the Information Age,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Sailing-the-Sea-OSINT.pdf,The world today abounds in open information to an extent unimaginable to intelligence officers of the Cold War.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YQS4LNFE,2004-09-01,Stephen C. Mercado,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:24:13Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3069,When Jack Welch Was Deputy Director for Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-48-no-3/when-jack-welch-was-deputy-director-for-intelligence/,He came at a time in which global challenges and the pace of technological change in the military and policy communities had created a climate in which many were asking how we should adapt.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FV28SRZT,2004-09-01,Zefram Cochran,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:20:34Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3070,Thinking Straight: Cognitive Bias in the US Debate about China,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-3/thinking-straight-cognitive-bias-in-the-us-debate-about-china/,Application of linear approaches to nonlinear systems is a recurring theme in America’s national security debate in general and its China debate in particular.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FFVDWI66,2004-09-01,Josh Kerbel,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:17:55Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3071,Preserving Central Intelligence: Assessment and Evaluation in Support of the DCI,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-48-no-3/preserving-central-intelligence-assessment-and-evaluation-in-support-of-the-dci/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4WVXYZSU,2004-09-01,William M. Nolte,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:16:21Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3072,The Aspin-Brown Intelligence Inquiry: Behind the Closed Doors of a Blue Ribbon Commission,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/aspin-brown-intel-inquiry-1.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28D4F26D,2004-09-01,Loch K. Johnson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T20:14:05Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3073,"Spies, Saboteurs and Secret Missions of World War II",Book,https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/Spies-Saboteurs-and-Secret-Missions-of-World-War-II/Tony-Matthews/9781922615749,"What kind of courage does it take for an ordinary married couple to confront the Nazi regime of Hitler’s vicious Third Reich? And why did two men betray their fellow secret agents after landing on American shores with the intention of carrying out sabotage attacks on a massive scale? Why did the Germans murder more than two hundred and sixty innocent men in retaliation for a botched Resistance attempt to steal a simple truckload of meat? From technical wizardry that goes disastrously wrong, to underwater warfare with a sting in its tail, this new book by Tony Matthews delves into a wide range of top-secret stories, including black propaganda missions, calamitous Resistance operations and accounts of espionage activities at the very highest level. Spies, Saboteurs and Secret Missions of World War II is a fascinating insight into some of the most astonishing clandestine activities of the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/87ECPW4F,2022-05-04,Tony Matthews,Big Sky Publishing,,2024-02-17T09:28:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3074,Making the Analytic Review Process Work,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-1/making-the-analytic-review-process-work/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GJUN4EDR,2005-03-01,Martin Petersen,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T09:26:44Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3075,The Evolution and Relevance of Joint Intelligence Centers,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-1/the-evolution-and-relevance-of-joint-intelligence-centers/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LM53393I,2005-03-01,James D. Marchio,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T09:24:23Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3076,The First US Naval Attaché to Korea,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-1/the-first-us-naval-attache-to-korea/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NKLKEWA3,2005-03-01,"George Foulk, John F. Prout",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-17T09:21:26Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3077,Gathering Intelligence in Laos in 1968,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-1/gathering-intelligence-in-laos-in-1968/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B5BUSRRD,2005-03-01,Frederic McCann,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T16:47:54Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3078,How the CIA Missed Stalin’s Bomb,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-1/how-the-cia-missed-stalins-bomb/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WV7QGAXG,2005-03-01,Donald P. Steury,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T16:34:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3079,"Bureaucratic Wrangling over Counterintelligence, 1917–18",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-1/bureaucratic-wrangling-over-counterintelligence-1917-18/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W3ZWBHC7,2005-03-01,John F. Fox,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T16:22:22Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3080,Reexamining the Distinction Between Open Information and Secrets,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-2/reexamining-the-distinction-between-open-information-and-secrets/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B8IQDJU9,2005-06-01,Stephen C. Mercado,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:59:42Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3081,Counterspy: Memoirs of a Counterintelligence Officer in World War II and the Cold War,Book,https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/potomac-books/9781574888461,"During World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, Richard W. Cutler was an officer with the elite X-2 counterintelligence branch of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and with its successor, the Strategic Services Unit (SSU). Counterspy offers a rare firsthand account of the secret war against Hitler and the postwar competition with the Soviets for German intelligence assets. While with X-2, Cutler analyzed the super-secret Ultra intercepts and vetted agents about to be sent into Nazi Germany. Cutler provides an insightful overview of OSS operations during the war and their contribution to the Allies’ victory. This is also one of the few books to describe the role of the OSS and the SSU in the postwar occupation of Germany. Cutler’s first job after the German surrender was to vet all of Allen Dulles’s wartime sources inside Germany, who were aptly nicknamed the Crown Jewels. Just as the OSS was reorganized into the SSU, Cutler moved to Berlin, where his first task was to collect intelligence from former Nazis. Soon he became chief of counterespionage in Berlin. Soviet intelligence had already begun recruiting former German intelligence officers to spy on Americans, so Cutler’s top priority was to uncover Soviet objectives and either neutralize or double their agents. Cutler reveals previously unpublished case histories of double agents against Soviet intelligence and details agents’ recruitment, missions, methods of operation, successes and failures, and fates. All of these events are recounted against the fascinating background of postwar Germany. He provides a vivid picture of the mood of the German people, how they rationalized war guilt, and how they coped with the devastation throughout the country. With photographs and a foreword by bestselling author Joseph E. Persico (Roosevelt’s Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage), Counterspy is a unique account of espionage during the momentous years of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PLQKCDBF,2005-10-01,Richard W. Cutler,Potomac Books,,2024-02-16T14:54:42Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3082,Toward a Complex Adaptive Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/29641247510b7a8e3c620b59500fc434/complex-adaptive-intel-community.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VAFKYD8R,2005-06-01,Calvin Andrus,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:52:51Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3083,How the Web Can Relieve Our Information Glut and Get Us Talking to Each Other,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/web-relieve-info-glut.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J56F3EUF,2005-09-01,Matthew S. Burton,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:51:53Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3084,Issues for the US Intelligence Community,Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RIR2A6GE,2005-09-01,"Richard Kerr, Thomas Wolfe, Rebecca Donegan, Aris Pappas",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:21:14Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3085,"The Collapse of Intelligence Support for Air Power, 1944-52",Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TFHHQDVH,2005-09-01,Michael Warner,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:20:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3086,"Intelligence Liaison between the FBI and State, 1940–44",Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/49QB8U3W,2005-09-01,G. Gregg Webb,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:19:40Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3087,Tracking Julius Rosenberg's Lesser Known Associates,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-3/tracking-julius-rosenbergs-lesser-known-associates/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9PXHGYD5,2005-09-01,Steven T. Udsin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:18:32Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3088,First In: An Insider's Account of How the CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan,Book,https://www.randomhousebooks.com/books/,"While America held its breath in the days immediately following 9/11, a small but determined group of CIA agents covertly began to change history. This is the riveting first-person account of the treacherous top-secret mission inside Afghanistan to set the stage for the defeat of the Taliban and launch the war on terror. As thrilling as any novel, First In is a uniquely intimate look at a mission that began the U.S. retaliation against terrorism–and reclaimed the country of Afghanistan for its people.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S6HNBKVA,2006-05-02,Gary C. Schroen,Random House,,2024-02-16T14:16:14Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3089,Creation of a National Institute for Analytic Methods,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-4/creation-of-a-national-institute-for-analytic-methods/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RDJZNLAL,2005-12-01,"Steven Rieber, Neil Thomason",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:13:02Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3090,Developing an Intelligence Capability,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-4/developing-an-intelligence-capability/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KPJVBMP5,2005-12-01,Joao Nuno Jorge Vaz Antunes,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:07:02Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3091,Can the USG and NGOs Do More? -,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-4/can-the-usg-and-ngos-do-more/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/48SSLWSJ,2005-12-01,Ellen B. Laipson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:06:17Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3092,A Critical look at Britain's Spy Machinery,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-4/a-critical-look-at-britains-spy-machinery/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IEFBTH6J,2005-12-01,Philip H. J. Davies,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:04:58Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3093,Twenty Years of Officers in Residence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-4/twenty-years-of-officers-in-residence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IN4UK2R2,2005-12-01,John Hollister Hedley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:04:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3094,The “Photo Gap” that Delayed Discovery of Missiles in Cuba,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-4/the-photo-gap-that-delayed-discovery-of-missiles-in-cuba/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/299XWNRW,2005-12-01,Max Holland,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:03:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3095,Fifty Years of Studies in Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-4/fifty-years-of-studies-in-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VRFRPWZJ,2005-12-01,Nicholas Dujmovic,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T14:01:12Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3096,British former spy chiefs say UK intelligence structure needs a shakeup,Magazine article,https://therecord.media/british-former-spy-chiefs-shakeup,"The former heads of two of the United Kingdom’s intelligence agencies said they do not believe the traditional divisions of the country’s security services — domestic, foreign, and signals intelligence — make sense in the modern era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GE8P8LES,2024-02-15,Alexander Martin,,The Record,2024-02-16T13:58:10Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3097,Conditions for intuitive expertise: A failure to disagree,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016755,"This article reports on an effort to explore the differences between two approaches to intuition and expertise that are often viewed as conflicting: heuristics and biases (HB) and naturalistic decision making (NDM). Starting from the obvious fact that professional intuition is sometimes marvelous and sometimes flawed, the authors attempt to map the boundary conditions that separate true intuitive skill from overconfident and biased impressions. They conclude that evaluating the likely quality of an intuitive judgment requires an assessment of the predictability of the environment in which the judgment is made and of the individual's opportunity to learn the regularities of that environment. Subjective experience is not a reliable indicator of judgment accuracy. Keywords: intuition, expertise, overconfidence, heuristics, judgment",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9VBWIQB8,2009,"Daniel Kahneman, Gary Klein","American Psychological Association, Inc",The American Psychologist,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1037/a0016755,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2140543255,2358.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2140543255,2012.0,2026.0,2009.0,,3.0 3098,"Thailand's Secret War: OSS, SOE and the Free Thai Underground during World War II",Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/thailands-secret-war/AEB8C20FC4B6E2A3BEDA673A96227F47,"This book is an absorbing account of secret operations and political intrigue in wartime Thailand. During World War II Free Thai organisations co-operated with Allied intelligence agencies in an effort to rescue their nation from the consequences of its 1941 alliance with Japan. They largely succeeded despite internal differences and the conflicting interests and policies of their would-be-allies, China, Great Britain and the United States. London's determination to punish Thailand placed the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) at a serious disadvantage in its rivalry with the American Office of Strategic Services (OSS). The US State Department, in contrast, strongly supported OSS operations in Thailand, viewing them as a vehicle for promoting American political and economic influence in mainland Southeast Asia. Declassification of the records of the OSS and the SOE permits full revelation of this complex story of heroic action and political intrigue.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/947H59FR,2005,E. Bruce Reynolds,Cambridge University Press,,2024-02-16T13:19:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1017/CBO9780511497360,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4211033261,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4211033261,2013.0,2026.0,2005.0,,8.0 3099,The CIA and Congress: The Untold Story from Truman to Kennedy,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700625253,"From its inception more than half a century ago and for decades afterward, the Central Intelligence Agency was deeply shrouded in secrecy, with little or no real oversight by Congress—or so many Americans believe. David M. Barrett reveals, however, that during the agency’s first fifteen years, Congress often monitored the CIA’s actions and plans, sometimes aggressively. Drawing on a wealth of newly declassified documents, research at some two dozen archives, and interviews with former officials, Barrett provides an unprecedented and often colorful account of relations between American spymasters and Capitol Hill. He chronicles the CIA’s dealings with senior legislators who were haunted by memories of our intelligence failure at Pearl Harbor and yet riddled with fears that such an organization might morph into an American Gestapo. He focuses in particular on the efforts of Congress to monitor, finance, and control the agency’s activities from the creation of the national security state in 1947 through the planning for the ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. Along the way, Barrett highlights how Congress criticized the agency for failing to predict the first Soviet atomic test, the startling appearance of Sputnik over American air space, and the overthrow of Iraq’s pro-American government in 1958. He also explores how Congress viewed the CIA’s handling of Senator McCarthy’s charges of communist infiltration, the crisis created by the downing of a U-2 spy plane, and President Eisenhower’s complaint that Congress meddled too much in CIA matters. Ironically, as Barrett shows, Congress itself often pushed the agency to expand its covert operations against other nations. The CIA and Congress provides a much-needed historical perspective for current debates in Congress and beyond concerning the agency’s recent failures and ultimate fate. In our post-9/11 era, it shows that anxieties over the challenges to democracy posed by our intelligence communities have been with us from the very beginning.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DSNAUVXD,2017-05-01,David M. Barrett,University Press of Kansas,,2024-02-16T13:16:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3100,At the Dragon's Gate: With the Oss in the Far East,Book,,"In the early days of World War II a young Marine named Charles Fenn was recruited by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS, the fore-runner of the CIA) for undercover operations in the China–Burma–India theatre. Fenn had been a foreign correspondent in Asia, and Wild Bill Donovan’s new outfit wanted a man there who already knew the lay of the land. Fenn turned out to be an excellent choice and a remarkable spy. He knew exactly what it took to get the job done – blowing up a bridge carrying Japanese troops across the Yalu, manning secret radio stations in Chinese convents, undermining enemy morale, rescuing airmen from Japanese prisons, and getting to know an up-and-coming Vietnamese leader named Ho Chi Minh. Fenn’s wartime exploits are the stuff of legends, but not even his OSS compatriots knew the full extent of his espionage activities. Fortunately, Fenn’s skill as a spy is matched by his talent as a storyteller, and this witty, elegantly written account of his OSS days not only adds to the historical record, it makes for a compelling read.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7S6IFI34,2004-11-15,Charles Fenn,Naval Institute Press,,2024-02-16T13:11:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3101,The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—the Stalin Era,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/188114/the-haunted-wood-by-allen-weinstein-and-alexander-vassiliev/,"Drawing upon previously secret KGB records released exclusively to Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood reveals for the first time the riveting story of Soviet espionage’s ""golden age"" in the United States, from the 1930s through the early cold war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9XWPUEKY,2000-03-14,"Allen Weinstein, Alexander Vassiliev",Penguin Random House,,2024-02-16T13:08:53Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3102,The KGB File of Andrei Sakharov,Book,https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300106817/the-kgb-file-of-andrei-sakharov,"Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989), a brilliant physicist and the principal designer of the Soviet hydrogen bomb, later became a human rights activist and—as a result—a source of profound irritation to the Kremlin. This book publishes for the first time ever KGB files on Sakharov that became available during Boris Yeltsin’s presidency. The documents reveal the untold story of KGB surveillance of Sakharov from 1968 until his death in 1989 and of the regime’s efforts to intimidate and silence him. The disturbing archival materials show the KGB to have had a profound lack of understanding of the spiritual and moral nature of the human rights movement and of Sakharov’s role as one of its leading figures.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YWL5HAWX,2005-07-10,"Joshua Rubenstein, Alexander Gribanov",Yale University Press,,2024-02-16T13:06:49Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3103,Studying and Teaching About Intelligence: The Approach in the United Kingdom,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-2/studying-and-teaching-about-intelligence-the-approach-in-the-united-kingdom/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X6U9BE8I,2006-06-01,Michael S. Goodman,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T13:05:37Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3104,A Holistic Vision for the Analytic Unit,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-2/a-holistic-vision-for-the-analytic-unit/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KDKTJ2H7,2006-06-01,"Richard Kerr, Thomas Wolfe, Rebecca Donegan, Aris Pappas",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T13:04:27Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3105,The Lost Art of Program Management in the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-2/the-lost-art-of-program-management-in-the-intelligence-community/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9AZINU95,2006-06-01,"Edmund H. Nowinski, Robert J. Kohler",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T13:00:05Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3106,A US Naval Intelligence Mission to China in the 1930s,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-2/a-us-naval-intelligence-mission-to-china-in-the-1930s/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LP2LSYHA,2006-06-01,Dennis L. Noble,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T12:59:13Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3107,Intelligence in War: It Can Be Decisive,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-2/intelligence-in-war-it-can-be-decisive/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WQE6QPWC,2006-06-01,Gregory Elder,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T12:58:18Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'DHLN8GE4', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3108,As the USSR Collapsed: A CIA Officer in Lithuania,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-2/as-the-ussr-collapsed-a-cia-officer-in-lithuania/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELWKB3NM,2006-06-01,Michael J. Sulick,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T12:56:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3109,Uncertain Shield: The U.S. Intelligence System in the Throes of Reform,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780742551275/Uncertain-Shield-The-U.S.-Intelligence-System-in-the-Throes-of-Reform,"Ever since the publication in 2004 of the 9/11 Commission Report, the U.S. intelligence community has been in the throes of a convulsive movement for reform. In Preventing Surprise Attacks (2005), Richard A. Posner carried the story of the reform movement up to the enactment of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, which produced a defective plan for reorganizing the intelligence system, partly as result of the failure of the 9/11 Commission and Congress to bring historical, comparative, and scholarly perspectives to bear issues. At that time, however, the new structure had not yet been built. Posner's new book brings the story up to date. He argues that the decisions about structure that the Administration has made in implementation of the Act are creating too top-heavy, too centralized, an intelligence system. The book * exposes fallacies in criticisms of the performance of the U.S. intelligence services; * analyzes structures and priorities for directing and coordinating U.S. intelligence in the era of global terrorism; * presents new evidence for the need to create a domestic intelligence agency separate from the FBI, and a detailed blueprint for such an agency; * incorporates a wealth of material based on developments since the first book, including the report of the presidential commission on weapons of mass destruction and the botched response to Hurricane Katrina; * exposes the inadequacy of the national security computer networks; * critically examines Congress's performance in the intelligence field, and raises constitutional issues concerning the respective powers of Congress and the President; * emphasizes the importance of reforms that do not require questionable organizational changes. The book is published in cooperation with the Hoover Institution",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6F5DKNDU,2006-03-01,Richard A. Posner,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-02-16T12:44:04Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3110,Intelligence and Airport Security,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-3/intelligence-and-airport-security/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GMMM4VEU,2006-09-01,Robert R. Raffel,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T12:42:51Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3111,U.S. conducted cyberattack on suspected Iranian spy ship,Newspaper article,https://www.nbcnews.com/news/investigations/us-conducted-cyberattack-suspected-iranian-spy-ship-rcna138638,The covert operation was intended to inhibit the ship’s ability to share intelligence with Houthi rebels who have been attacking cargo ships in the Red Sea.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XH4F537D,2024-02-15,"Courtney Buble, Carol E. Lee",,NBC News,2024-02-16T12:33:42Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AKVWM8BZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3112,In the Shadow of the Sphinx: A History of Army Counterintelligence,Book,https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/shadow-sphinx-history-army-counterintelligence-ebook,"For nearly a century, counterintelligence has played a crucial role in providing force protection to the Army while keeping the Nation’s most guarded secrets. Today, it continues to play an integral part in America’s first line of defense in the war against global terrorism. In the Shadow of the Sphinx, an absorbing new history of Army counterintelligence, now reveals the real stories of the soldiers and civilians of Army counterintelligence on the front lines of three major wars and the shadowy Cold War conflict of spy versus counterspy. Explosions in American cities and spies crossing international borders are not unique to the post 9-11 world. In the Shadow of the Sphinx traces the origins of Army counterintelligence to the need to counter such threats as far back as World War I. This authoritative, profusely illustrated official history follows the Army’s shadowy war of spies versus spies through two World Wars, Korea, Vietnam, and the Cold War. In the Shadow of the Sphinx includes fascinating tales of: True spy stories from World War I through the end of the Cold War Securing the Manhattan Project Handling denazification in post-war Germany Grappling with the emerging threat of communism",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EBSF682B,2013-02-01T08:02:31-05:00,"James L. Gilbert, John P. Finnegan, Ann Bray",Department of Defense (DOD)Army Intelligence & Security Command,,2024-02-16T10:20:57Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3113,Using Prediction Markets to Enhance US Intelligence Capabilities,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-4/using-prediction-markets-to-enhance-us-intelligence-capabilities/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z8R2S8UV,2006-12-01,Puong Fei Yeh,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T10:13:25Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3114,"Two CIA Prisoners in China, 1952–73",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-4/two-cia-prisoners-in-china-1952-73/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WWQNPMIN,2006-12-01,Nicholas Dujmovic,,,2024-02-16T10:09:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3115,An Experiment in Decision Analysis in Israel in 1975,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-4/an-experiment-in-decision-analysis-in-israel-in-1975/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5TCVARUE,2006-12-01,"Zvi Lanir, Daniel Kahneman",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T10:08:27Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'DHLN8GE4']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3116,A Review of Who the Hell Are We Fighting? The Story of Sam Adams and the Vietnam Intelligence Wars,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-50-no-4/a-review-of-who-the-hell-are-we-fighting-the-story-of-sam-adams-and-the-vietnam-intelligence-wars/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YJJQ8KFE,2006-12-01,Michael Hiam,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T10:07:31Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3117,"Special Agent, Vietnam: A Naval Intelligence Memoir",Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B9J88W5R,2007-09-30,Douglass H. Hubbard,Potomac Books Inc,,2024-02-16T10:02:48Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3118,Spymistress: The True Story of the Greatest Female Secret Agent of World War II,Book,https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/arcade-publishing/9781611452310/spymistress,"New York Times Bestseller! By the author of A Man Called Intrepid. The story of Vera Atkins, legendary spy and holder of the Legion of Honor She was stunning. She was ruthless. She was brilliant and had a will of iron. Born Vera Maria Rosenberg in Bucharest, she became Vera Atkins. William Stephenson, the spymaster who would later be known as “Intrepid”, recruited her when she was twenty-three. Vera spent most of the 1930s running too many dangerous espionage missions to count. When World War II began in 1939, her many skills made her one of the leaders of the Special Operations Executive (SOE), a covert intelligence agency formed by, and reporting to, Winston Churchill. She trained and recruited hundreds of agents, including dozens of women. Their job was to seamlessly penetrate deep behind the enemy lines. As General Dwight D. Eisenhower said, the fantastic exploits and extraordinary courage of the SOE agents and the French Resistance fighters “shortened the war by many months.” They are celebrated, as they should be. But Vera Atkins’s central role was hidden until after she died; Author William Stevenson promised to wait and publish her story posthumously. Now, Vera Atkins can be celebrated and known for the hero she was: the woman whose beauty, intelligence, and unwavering dedication proved key in turning the tide of World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2TW3TGT7,2011-11-01,William Stavenson,Arcade Publishing,,2024-02-16T09:58:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3119,Early Cold War Spies: The Espionage Trials that Shaped American Politics,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/early-cold-war-spies/746CC65973B9305B716B544EB6EE00D3,"Communism was never a popular ideology in America, but the vehemence of American anticommunism varied from passive disdain in the 1920s to fervent hostility in the early years of the Cold War. Nothing so stimulated the white hot anticommunism of the late 1940s and 1950s more than a series of spy trials that revealed that American Communists had co-operated with Soviet espionage against the United States and had assisted in stealing the technical secrets of the atomic bomb as well as penetrating the US State Department, the Treasury Department, and the White House itself. This book, first published in 2006, reviews the major spy cases of the early Cold War (Hiss-Chambers, Rosenberg, Bentley, Gouzenko, Coplon, Amerasia and others) and the often-frustrating clashes between the exacting rules of the American criminal justice system and the requirements of effective counter-espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q6BXVLV5,2006,"John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr",Cambridge University Press,,2024-02-16T09:56:28Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1017/CBO9780511607394,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W583998865,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W583998865,2012.0,2024.0,2006.0,,6.0 3120,"Counterinsurgency: The Tay Ninh Provincial Reconnaissance Unit and Its Role in the Phoenix Program, 1969-70",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-51-no-2/the-tay-ninh-provincial-reconnaissance-unit-and-its-role-in-the-phoenix-program-1969-70/,"The Phoenix program is arguably the most misunderstood and controversial program undertaken by the governments of the United States and South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. It was, quite simply, a set of programs that sought to attack and destroy the political infrastructure of the Lao Dong Party (hereafter referred to as the Viet Cong infrastructure or VCI) in South Vietnam. 1 Phoenix was misunderstood because it was classified, and the information obtained by the press and others was often anecdotal, unsubstantiated, or false. The program was controversial because the antiwar movement and critical scholars in the United States and elsewhere portrayed it as an unlawful and immoral assassination program targeting civilians. Unfortunately, there have been few objective analyses of Phoenix, and it still is looked upon with a great deal of suspicion and misunderstanding by many who study the Vietnam War. Following the below overview is a set of first-hand observations of one part of the Phoenix program in one province of South Vietnam, Tay Ninh. It is a snapshot in time and place, but it represents a picture of the way one important and highly effective aspect of Phoenix worked in the years immediately after the 1968 Tet offensive. It is the story of a single operational unit that was part of the larger, country-wide action element of the Phoenix program–the Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRUs).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CCAPVXYP,2007-06-01,Andrew R. Finlayson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T09:55:29Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3121,The Musketeer's Cloak: Strategic Deception During The Suez Crisis of 1956,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-51-no-2/the-musketeers-cloak-strategic-deception-during-the-suez-crisis-of-1956/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KU4XH7AF,2007-06-01,Ricky-Dale Calhoun,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T09:53:44Z,"['6XBG92FJ', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3122,State Secrecy Explains the Origins of the 'Deep State' Conspiracy Theory,Magazine article,https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/state-secrecy-explains-the-origins-of-the-deep-state-conspiracy-theory/,Lost in today’s misinformation fights is the recognition that modern conspiracy theories spring from excesses of state secrecy,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T6ZJ7ZF6,2024-02-06,"Kathryn S. Olmsted, Simon D. Willmetts",,Scientific American,2024-02-06T21:14:28Z,"['MQMHZUFD', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3123,The Beginning of Intelligence Analysis in CIA: The Office of Reports and Estimates: CIA’s First Center for Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-3-september-2022/the-beginning-of-intelligence-analysis-in-cia-the-office-of-reports-and-estimates-cias-first-center-for-analysis/,"Editor’s note: This article is offered as a contribution to reflections on CIA’s history 75 years since its creation in September 1947, which had been directed by the National Security Act of 26 July 1947. CIA’s community functions defined in that act and its analytical organizations have evolved substantially since then, but the core missions of intelligence analysis have remained, notwithstanding changes over the years. The article is an adaptation of the preface to a declassified document collection Dr. Kuhns edited in 1997, Assessing the Soviet Threat: The Early Cold War Years (available at https://cia.gov/resources/csi/books-monographs/assessing-the-soviet-threat/. The intelligence documents cited in this essay can all be found there.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FGSM23DQ,2022-09-01,Woodrow J. Kuhns,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T13:08:11Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3124,The Intelligence Community's Neglect of Strategic Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-51-no-2/the-intelligence-communitys-neglect-of-strategic-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PW6WULED,2007-06-01,John G. Heidenrich,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-16T09:51:23Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3125,"Red flags, missed clues: How accused US diplomat-turned-Cuban spy avoided scrutiny for decades",Newspaper article,https://apnews.com/article/cuba-spying-ambassador-diplomat-communism-miami-fbi-cia-2b065bd90e7576d9fff8adc4fa9c981f,"Long before career U.S. diplomat Manuel Rocha was arrested on charges of being a secret agent of Cuba for decades, there were plenty of red flags.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PDHZTXCI,2024-02-15T15:02:10,"Joshua Goodman, Jim Mustian",,AP News,2024-02-16T08:55:11Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3126,KGB spy who rubbed shoulders with French elite for decades,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68305050,Philippe Grumbach worked for the KGB for 35 years - while rubbing shoulders with the crème de la crème of French society.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DWG2MSX9,2024-02-16,Laura Gozzi,,BBC News,2024-02-16T08:32:12Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3127,Review Essay: Legacy of Ashes: The History of CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-51-no-3/legacy-of-ashes-the-history-of-cia/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VT4ILJYK,2007-09-01,Nicholas Dujmovic,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T23:07:45Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3128,Cuban Missile Crisis: Revisiting Sherman Kent's Defense of SNIE 85-3-62,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-51-no-3/revisiting-sherman-kents-defense-of-snie-85-3-62/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CMDWBDLT,2007-09-01,Michael D. Smith,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T23:06:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3129,"DCIs Colby and Helms Reflections on the CIA's ""Time of Troubles""",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-51-no-3/dcis-colby-and-helms-reflections-on-the-cias-time-of-troubles/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7MVPWM94,2007-09-01,Nicholas Dujmovic,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T23:05:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3130,Meeting 21st Century Transnational Challenges: Building a Global Intelligence Paradigm,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-51-no-3/building-a-global-intelligence-paradigm/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LJHWFXHQ,2007-09-01,Roger Z. George,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T23:04:11Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3131,Enemies of Intelligence: Knowledge and Power in American National Security,Book,https://cup.columbia.edu/book/enemies-of-intelligence/9780231138888,"The tragic events of September 11, 2001, and the false assessment of Saddam Hussein's weapons arsenal were terrible reminders that good information is essential to national security. These failures convinced the American public that their intelligence system was broken and prompted a radical reorganization of agencies and personnel, but as Richard K. Betts argues in this book, critics and politicians have severely underestimated the obstacles to true reform. One of the nation's foremost political scientists, Betts draws on three decades of work within the U.S. intelligence community to illuminate the paradoxes and problems that frustrate the intelligence process. Unlike America's efforts to improve its defenses against natural disasters, strengthening its strategic assessment capabilities means outwitting crafty enemies who operate beyond U.S. borders. It also requires looking within to the organizational and political dynamics of collecting information and determining its implications for policy. Combining academic research with personal experience, Betts outlines strategies for better intelligence gathering and assessment. He describes how fixing one malfunction can create another; in what ways expertise can be both a vital tool and a source of error and misjudgment; the pitfalls of always striving for accuracy in intelligence, which in some cases can render it worthless; the danger, though unavoidable, of ""politicizing"" intelligence; and the issue of secrecywhen it is excessive, when it is insufficient, and how limiting privacy can in fact protect civil liberties. Betts argues that when it comes to intelligence, citizens and politicians should focus less on consistent solutions and more on achieving a delicate balance between conflicting requirements. He also emphasizes the substantial success of the intelligence community, despite its well-publicized blunders, and highlights elements of the intelligence process that need preservation and protection. Many reformers are quick to respond to scandals and failures without detailed, historical knowledge of how the system works. Grounding his arguments in extensive theory and policy analysis, Betts takes a comprehensive and realistic look at how knowledge and power can work together to face the intelligence challenges of the twenty-first century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TU6HRPQB,2007-09-01,Richard K. Betts,Columbia University Press,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3132,"Once Again, the Alger Hiss Case",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/once-again-alger-hiss.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CBQUHR6P,2007-12-01,John Ehrman,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T23:01:03Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3133,"US Intelligence Assessments and the Reliability of Non-Soviet Warsaw Pact Armed Forces, 1946-89",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-51-no-4/us-intelligence-assessments-and-the-reliability-of-non-soviet-warsaw-pact-armed-forces-1946-89/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7FJJPWQR,2007-12-01,James D. Marchio,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T22:59:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3134,"All the Brains I Can Borrow: Woodrow Wilson and Intelligence Gathering in Mexico, 1913-15",Journal article,,Wilson’s efforts to cobble together information about Mexico’s revolution illustrate some of the difficulties presidents faced when gathering intelligence before a more formal intelligence-gathering structure was established.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8PNIFC9,2007-12-01,Mark E. Benbow,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T22:58:01Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3135,Engineering the Berlin Tunnel,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-52-no-1/engineering-the-berlin-tunnel/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IW8FG96B,2008-03-01,(first) G,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T22:56:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3136,"Stasi Operations in the Netherlands, 1979–89",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-52-no-1/stasi-operations-in-the-netherlands-1979-89/,"With the scope of WestArbeit so broadly defined, the boundaries between foreign intelligence and domestic policing could not be discerned clearly in Stasi activites.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N367D8QM,2008-03-01,Bob De Graaff,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T22:55:36Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3137,"Hostile Intent: U.S. Covert Operations in Chile, 1964–1974",Book,https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/potomac-books/9781597970976,"Kristian Gustafson’s Hostile Intent reexamines one of the most controversial chapters in U.S. intelligence history, the Central Intelligence Agency’s covert operations in Chile from 1964 to 1974. At the request of successive U.S. presidents, the CIA in conjunction with the State Department and the Defense Intelligence Agency first acted to prevent Chilean socialist Salvador Allende from becoming the democratically elected president of his country and then tried to undermine his government once he was in office. Allende’s government eventually fell in a bloody military coup on September 11, 1973. President Richard Nixon’s administration and corporate interests were not sorry to see him go, but did U.S. covert operations actually play a decisive role in Allende’s downfall? The declassification of thousands of U.S. government documents over the last several years demands that historians take a new look. Since 1973, most observers have maintained that U.S. machinations were responsible for the success of Gen. Augusto Pinochet’s coup that forced Allende’s fall and suicide. This assessment has been based on a thin documentary record of U.S. activity, the myth of an all-powerful CIA, and the CIA’s checkered history of covert action in Latin America. However, Gustafson convincingly shows the conventional wisdom about the impact of U.S. actions is badly flawed. His meticulous research is based upon an intensive examination of previously unavailable U.S. records as well as interviews with key figures. Hostile Intent is the most comprehensive account to date of U.S. involvement in Chile, and its provocative reinterpretation of this involvement will shape all future debates.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I4PZZ5PC,2007-12-01,Kristian Gustafson,Potomac Books,,2024-02-15T19:48:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3138,A Tale of Initiative Behind Enemy Lines During WWII,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-52-no-3/a-tale-of-initiative-behind-enemy-lines-during-wwii/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BI789973,2008-09-01,Bob Bergin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T19:46:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3139,"The ALFA SSN: Challenging Paradigms, Finding New Truths, 1969-79",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-52-no-3/the-alfa-ssn-challenging-paradigms-finding-new-truths-1969-79/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/77N7LBJY,2008-09-01,Gerhardt Thamm,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T19:45:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3140,Commemoration of the Dead at CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-52-no-3/commemoration-of-the-dead-at-cia/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5XS4D63Z,2008-09-01,Nicholas Dujmovic,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T19:43:49Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3141,Spymaster: Dai Li and the Chinese Secret Service,Book,,"The most feared man in China, Dai Li, was chief of Chiang Kai-shek's secret service during World War II. This sweeping biography of ""China's Himmler,"" based on recently opened intelligence archives, traces Dai's rise from obscurity as a rural hooligan and Green Gang blood-brother to commander of the paramilitary units of the Blue Shirts and of the dreaded Military Statistics Bureau: the world's largest spy and counterespionage organization of its time. In addition to exposing the inner workings of the secret police, whose death squads, kidnappings, torture, and omnipresent surveillance terrorized critics of the Nationalist regime, Dai Li's personal story opens a unique window on the clandestine history of China's Republican period. This study uncovers the origins of the Cold War in the interactions of Chinese and American special services operatives who cooperated with Dai Li in the resistance to the Japanese invasion in the 1930s and who laid the groundwork for an ongoing alliance against the Communists during the revolution that followed in the 1940s. Frederic Wakeman Jr. illustrates how the anti-Communist activities Dai Li led altered the balance of power within the Chinese Communist Party, setting the stage for Mao Zedong's rise to supremacy. He reveals a complex and remarkable personality that masked a dark presence in modern China—one that still pervades the secret services on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Wakeman masterfully illuminates a previously little-understood world as he discloses the details of Chinese secret service trade-craft. Anyone interested in the development of modern espionage will be intrigued by Spymaster, which spells out in detail the ways in which the Chinese used their own traditional methods, in addition to adapting foreign ways, to create a modern intelligence service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/82WRD7WU,2003-06-01,Frederic Wakeman,University of California Press,,2024-02-15T18:05:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3142,The CIA and the Culture of Failure: U.S. Intelligence from the End of the Cold War to the Invasion of Iraq,Book,,"The 9/11 attacks and the war in Iraq sprang in no small part from massive intelligence failures, that much is well understood. How the CIA got to a point where it could fail so catastrophically is not.According to John Diamond, this slippage results from the tendency to overlook the links between seemingly unrelated intelligence failures and to underestimate the impact of political pressure on the CIA: factors we need to examine to understand both the origin and magnitude of the 9/11 and Iraq intelligence failures.To bring these links to light, Diamond analyzes the CIAs role in key events from the end of the Cold War (when the Soviet Union—and thus the CIAs main mission—came to an end) to the war in Iraq. His account explores both CIA successes and failures in the Soviet break-up, the Gulf War, the Ames spy case, the response to al-Qaedas initial attacks, and the US/UN effort to contain and disarm Iraq.By putting into historical perspective the intelligence failures--both real and perceived—surrounding these events, Diamond illuminates the links between lower-profile intelligence controversies in the early post-Cold War period and the high-profile failures that continue to define the War on Terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JJQWVIYT,2008,John Diamond,Stanford University Press,,2024-02-15T18:04:10Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3143,Greek Intelligence and the Capture of PKK Leader Abdullah Ocalan in 1999,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-53-no-1/greek-intelligence-and-the-capture-of-pkk-leader-abdullah-ocalan-in-1999/,"The Greeks exposed the ineffectiveness of their intelligence apparatus, which violated numerous fundamentals of intelligence tradecraft.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZPXM34PP,2009-03-01,Miron Varouhakis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:58:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3144,NATO Intelligence: A Contradiction in Terms,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/4e27f1da16e0a83daab8f24f9b6def5c/nato-intel-contradiction.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KHQDUMUD,1984-03-01,Edward B. Atkenson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:57:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3145,"Revisiting The Legacy: Sherman Kent, Willmoore Kendall, and George Pettee-Strategic Intelligence in the Digital Age",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/revisiting-the-legacy.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PHZL8CHR,2009-06-01,Anthony Olcott,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:54:50Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3146,What the World Economic Crisis Should Teach Us,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-53-no-3/what-the-world-economic-crisis-should-teach-us/,"There is much for intelligence professionals to learn from the follies of economists, and from this folly in particular.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B8EJIY4G,2009-09-01,"Carmen Medina, Recebba Fisher",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:52:03Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3147,"Needed: State-level, Integrated Intelligence Enterprises",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-53-no-3/needed-state-level-integrated-intelligence-enterprises/,"Needed is a single, integrated intelligence enterprise with welldefined lanes-in-the-road for each large, complicated state like New York.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7EWWUXH,2009-09-01,James E. Steiner,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:51:12Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3148,"The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906-1920",Book,https://www.unmpress.com/9780826346520/the-secret-war-in-el-paso/,"The Mexican Revolution could not have succeeded without the use of American territory as a secret base of operations, a source of munitions, money, and volunteers, a refuge for personnel, an arena for propaganda, and a market for revolutionary loot. El Paso, the largest and most important American city on the Mexican border during this time, was the scene of many clandestine operations as American businesses and the U.S. federal government sought to maintain their influences in Mexico and protect national interest while keeping an eye on key Revolutionary figures. In addition, the city served as refuge to a cast of characters that included revolutionists, adventurers, smugglers, gunrunners, counterfeiters, propagandists, secret agents, double agents, criminals, and confidence men. Using 80,000 pages of previously classified FBI documents on the Mexican Revolution and hundreds of Mexican secret agent reports from El Paso and Ciudad Juarez in the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Relations archive, Charles Harris and Louis Sadler examine the mechanics of rebellion in a town where factional loyalty was fragile and treachery was elevated to an art form. As a case study, this slice of El Paso's, and America's, history adds new dimensions to what is known about the Mexican Revolution.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LV2DHMIY,2009-06-01,"Charles H. Harris, Louis R. Sadler",University of New Mexico Press,,2024-02-15T17:49:31Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3149,"Developing STORM, a Methodology for Evaluating Transit Routes of Transnational Terrorists and Criminals",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-53-no-4/developing-storm-a-methodology-for-evaluating-transit-routes-of-transnational-terrorists-and-criminals/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BXE6XBF6,2009-12-01,"Mark T. Clark, Brian Janiskee",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:46:41Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3150,"Military Intelligence at the Front, 1914-18",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-53-no-4/military-intelligence-at-the-front-1914-18/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q9L4P2U6,2009-12-01,Terrence J. Finnegan,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:45:47Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3151,Soviet Bloc Intelligence and Its AIDS Disinformation Campaign,Journal article,https://digitallibrary.tsu.ge/book/2019/september/books/Soviet-Bloc-Intelligence-and-Its-AIDS.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3PWKI6CU,2009-12-01,Thomas Boghardt,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:42:56Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MQMHZUFD']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3152,"US Covert Operations and Cold War Strategy: Truman, Secret Warfare and the CIA, 1945-53",Book,https://www.routledge.com/US-Covert-Operations-and-Cold-War-Strategy-Truman-Secret-Warfare-and-the/Corke/p/book/9781138873476,"Based on recently declassified documents, this book provides the first examination of the Truman Administration’s decision to employ covert operations in the Cold War. Although covert operations were an integral part of America’s arsenal during the late 1940s and early 1950s, the majority of these operations were ill conceived, unrealistic and ultimately doomed to failure. In this volume, the author looks at three central questions: Why were these types of operations adopted? Why were they conducted in such a haphazard manner? And, why, once it became clear that they were not working, did the administration fail to abandon them? The book argues that the Truman Administration was unable to reconcile policy, strategy and operations successfully, and to agree on a consistent course of action for waging the Cold War. This ensured that they wasted time and effort, money and manpower on covert operations designed to challenge Soviet hegemony, which had little or no real chance of success. US Covert Operations and Cold War Strategy will be of great interest to students of US foreign policy, Cold War history, intelligence and international history in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3ML63JIE,2008,Sarah-Jane Corke,Routledge,,2024-02-15T17:34:34Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3153,"The Scope of FBIS and BBC Open Source Media Coverage, 1979–2008",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-54-no-1/the-scope-of-fbis-and-bbc-open-source-media-coverage-1979-2008/,"For nearly 70 years, the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) monitored the world’s airwaves and other news outlets, transcribing and translating selected content into English and in the process creating a multi-million-page historical archive of the global news media. Yet, FBIS material has not been widely utilized in the academic content analysis community, perhaps because relatively little is known about the scope of the content that is digitally available to researchers in this field. This article, researched and written by a specialist in the field, contains a brief overview of the service—reestablished as the Open Source Center in 2004— and a statistical examination of the unclassified FBIS material produced from July 1993 through July 2004—a period during which FBIS produced and distributed CDs of its selected material. Examined are language preferences, distribution of monitored sources, and topical and geographic emphases. The author examines the output of a similar service provided by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), known as the Summary of World Broadcasts (SWB). Its digital files permit the tracing of coverage trends from January 1979 through December 2008 and invite comparison with FBIS efforts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4S8T94SG,2010-03-01,Kalev Leetaru,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:32:25Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3154,"Intelligence Reform, 2001–2009: Requiescat in Pace?",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-54-no-1/intelligence-reform-2001-2009-requiescat-in-pace/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NZZWAUXF,2010-03-01,Patrick C. Neary,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:28:05Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3155,"Deciphering the Rising Sun: Navy and Marine Corps Codebreakers, Translators, and Interpreters in the Pacific War",Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZM9NVENM,2009-07-01,Roger Dingman,Naval Institute Press,,2024-02-15T17:15:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3156,Beyond Repair: The Decline and Fall of the CIA,Book,http://lyonspress.com/books/9780762761234,"In Beyond Repair, one of the Central Intelligence Agency's most respected former operatives mounts a scathing critique of the preparedness of today's CIA—and, specifically, the Directorate of Operations at its core—to defend America against the dizzying dangers of the twenty-first century. In a compelling blend of analysis and fascinating true-life stories, Charles S. Faddis argues that the CIA has devolved into a low-risk or, often, no-risk bureaucracy of careerists whose mantra might be summed up thus: “Don't fall.” He discusses the birth of the CIA, how the agency works from the inside out, why things have gone awry—and how to build a new entity that will maintain the midnight watch, so Americans can sleep well at night.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7QCF3TJQ,2011-04-10,Charles Faddis,Lyon Press,,2024-02-15T17:10:09Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3157,Operation Hotel California: The Clandestine War Inside Iraq,Book,http://lyonspress.com/books/9780762799046,"Operation Hotel California is the definitive inside account of the secret CIA mission that paved the way for the Iraq War. Based on exclusive interviews with the team leader, Charles S. Faddis—who retired in 2008 and whose name was publicly revealed in this book for the first time—it is also the most blistering indictment by any U.S. counterterrorism officer of America's blunders vis-à-vis Al-Qaeda and Iraq. Its lessons are vital as a new administration seeks to withdraw securely from Iraq and fight extremists in Afghanistan and elsewhere.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VL6N8XBE,2010-04-05,"Mike Tucker, Charles Faddis",Lyon Press,,2024-02-15T17:06:33Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3158,Lessons for Intelligence Support to Policymaking during Crises,Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6YMNRXGN,2010-06-01,Paul D. Miller,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:05:02Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3159,A Conversation with Former CIA Director Michael Hayden,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Conversation-with-Director-Hayden.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6TBU7G5W,2010-06-01,Mark Mansfield,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:03:44Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3160,Claire Lee Chennault and the Problem of Intelligence in China,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/94bf6caa6473683acfdbe5e17678011d/Claire-Lee-Chennault.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7Y3ABW9,2010-06-01,Bob Bergin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T17:01:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3161,The French Napoleonic Staff View of HUMINT,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-54-no-2/the-french-napoleonic-staff-view-of-humint/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PAWJNLST,2010-06-01,Rick Sanders,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T16:56:26Z,"['8XA7D88D', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3162,Office of Strategic Services Training During World War II,Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VFC7DGM5,2010-06-01,John W. Chambers,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T16:55:44Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3163,"In the Service of Empire: Imperialism and the British Spy Thriller, 1901–1914",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-54-no-2/in-the-service-of-empire-imperialism-and-the-british-spy-thriller-1901-1914/,"In the decade before the First World War, the British spy thriller was a cultural phenomenon drawing large and expectant readerships across all classes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S9KLHG5V,2010-06-01,"Christopher Moran, Robert Johnson",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T16:53:52Z,"['9DTPTK46', '9YH9YSYQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3164,The National Cryptologic Museum Library,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Story-of-National-Cryptologic.pdf,"On 16 December 1993, the National Cryptologic Museum (NCM) opened its doors to the public, displaying signals intercept artifacts dating from the early 16th century to the modern era. The museum has become an important part of the National Security Agency’s efforts over the past decade to put a new face on this ultra-secret part of the Intelligence Community and improve understanding of the Agency’s challenges and triumphs over the years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZM7ULTPD,2010-09-01,Eugene Becker,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-15T16:51:19Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3165,United States,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_8,"This chapter explores a brief history of the United States and provides a basic overview of its intelligence services. Moreover, it goes into a detailed analysis and findings exploring the first two research questions focusing on how and why the United States is using the YIRTM-M and the instruments of power to explore how and why the United States is using these to advance its position.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K5LDJBRX,2024-02-12,"John Michael Weaver, Tom Røseth",Springer International Publishing,,2024-02-15T09:49:34Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_8,The “Five Eyes” Intelligence Sharing Relationship: A Contemporary Perspective,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391736302,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 3166,United Kingdom (UK),Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_7,"This chapter explores a brief history of the United Kingdom and provides a basic overview of its intelligence services. Moreover, it goes into a detailed analysis and findings exploring the first two research questions focusing on how and why the United Kingdom is using the YIRTM-M and the instruments of power to explore how and why the United Kingdom is using these to advance its position.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JF4NK3C2,2024-02-12,"John Michael Weaver, Tom Røseth",Springer International Publishing,,2024-02-15T09:49:21Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_7,The “Five Eyes” Intelligence Sharing Relationship: A Contemporary Perspective,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391736424,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 3167,New Zealand,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_6,"This chapter explores a brief history of New Zealand and provides a basic overview of its intelligence services. Moreover, it goes into a detailed analysis and findings exploring the first two research questions focusing on how and why New Zealand is using the YIRTM-M and the instruments of power to explore how and why New Zealand is using these to advance its position.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QCBAYRQK,2024-02-12,"John Michael Weaver, Tom Røseth",Springer International Publishing,,2024-02-15T09:49:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_6,The “Five Eyes” Intelligence Sharing Relationship: A Contemporary Perspective,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391736365,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 3168,Canada,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_5,"This chapter explores a brief history of Canada and provides a basic overview of its intelligence services. Moreover, it goes into a detailed analysis and the findings exploring the first two research questions focusing on how and why Canada is using the YIRTM-M and the instruments of power to explore how and why Canada is using these to advance its position.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QH3G7TVV,2024-02-12,"John Michael Weaver, Tom Røseth",Springer International Publishing,,2024-02-15T09:48:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_5,The “Five Eyes” Intelligence Sharing Relationship: A Contemporary Perspective,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391736359,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 3169,Australia,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_4,"This chapter explores a brief history of Australia and provides a basic overview of its intelligence services. Moreover, it goes into a detailed analysis and findings exploring the first two research questions focusing on how and why Australia is using the YIRTM-M and the instruments of power to explore how and why Australia is using these to advance its position.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2CPPR35H,2024-02-12,"John Michael Weaver, Tom Røseth",Springer International Publishing,,2024-02-15T09:48:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8_4,The “Five Eyes” Intelligence Sharing Relationship: A Contemporary Perspective,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391736298,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 3170,The “Five Eyes” Intelligence Sharing Relationship: A Contemporary Perspective,Book,https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ABX7EVFM,2024-02-12,"John Michael Weaver, Tom Røseth",Springer International Publishing,,2024-02-15T09:47:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1007/978-3-031-47581-8,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391736280,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391736280,2024.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-3-031-47581-8/1?pdf=chapter%20toc,0.0 3171,The Biden Administration Is Protecting Trump-directed Surveillance Records. Why?,Blog post,https://www.cato.org/commentary/biden-administration-protecting-trump-directed-surveillance-records-why,"Given how politically polarized Americans are right now, taking a clear step to protect everyone’s constitutional rights can only help to cool the political temperature.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MFN29RTD,2024-01-29T10:37:20-0500,Patrick G. Eddington,,,2024-02-15T09:40:16Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3172,Poking the Bear: Social Media and Human Intelligence Recruitment,Blog post,https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/poking-bear-social-media-and-human-intelligence-recruitment,Recent CIA social media campaigns have shown how the past can be weaponised to encourage modern-day potential agents to work with the West. The UK’s intelligence agencies would do well to take note.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NVBG3U8W,2024-02-14,Daniel W. B. Lomas,,,2024-02-15T09:26:35Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3173,The Czechoslovak agent in the BBC who almost was,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/the-czechoslovak-agent-in-the-bbc-who-almost-was/,"Terézia Javorská, a BBC World Service broadcaster, was recently exposed as a Communist spy by the British press. A careful examination of the archives of the Czechoslovak State Security Service (Státní bezpečnost, StB) shows that few of these recent claims are true.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XMGDA9H2,2024-02-14,Daniela Richterova,,,2024-02-15T09:21:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3174,GOP warning of 'national security threat' is about Russia wanting nuclear weapon in space: Sources,Newspaper article,https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/white-house-plans-brief-lawmakers-house-chairman-warns/story?id=107232293,"The White House will meet with congressional leadership as a top Republican is requesting President Biden declassify information on a ""serious national security threat""",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BP3AE6F8,2014-02-14,"John Parkinson, Luke Barr, Anne Flaherty, Luis Martinez, Adam Carlson",,ABC News,2024-02-14T22:10:06Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3175,Writing the Authorised Histories of British Intelligence,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1e66tBokmLo,"Speakers: Tony Comer (former GCHQ Historian), Chris Baxter (Government Historian) and Mark Seaman (Government Historian) Behind the Enigma: How GCHQ's Authorised History Appeared (Tony Comer) Writing the Authorised History of SIS (Chris Baxter and Mark Seaman)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y3R98MM7,2024-02-08,"Tony Comer, Christopher Baxter, Mark Seaman",,,2024-02-14T22:06:27Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3176,House Intel chair's national security warning is about Russia’s space power,Newspaper article,https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/14/house-intel-national-security-threat-russia-space-power-00141473,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LLUDBH3D,2024-02-14,"Erin Banco, Alexander Ward, Lee Hudson",,POLITICO,2024-02-14T22:04:32Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3177,134. North Vietnamese and Viet Cong Intelligence with Dr. David Strachan-Morris,Podcast,https://player.fm/episodes/400501133,"This week, Justin sits down with Dr. David Strachan-Morris. David is a lecturer in intelligence and security at the University of Lancaster, where he runs the M. A . in Intelligence and Security program, as well as being Director of Distance Learning for the School of History, Politics, and International Relations. Before embarking on an academic career, he served in the Intelligence Corps in the British Army and worked at intelligence management roles in the private security industry in Iraq. Today, David shares his work on the subject of North Vietnamese and Viet Cong intelligence activities during the Vietnam War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/36IZEDAV,2024-02-12,David Strachan-Morris,,,2024-02-13T11:35:07Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3178,"News, Agenda Building, and Intelligence Agencies: A Systematic Review of the Field from the Discipline of Journalism, Media, and Communications",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161214566693,"Reflecting on Edward Snowden’s whistle-blowing revelations regarding indiscriminate online and telephone surveillance and social media manipulation by signals intelligence agencies, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom, this article highlights the hitherto limited nature of public knowledge of, and internationally uneven concern regarding, intelligence agencies’ contemporary techniques of communications surveillance and manipulative agenda building. While noting that the interdisciplinary field of intelligence studies has started to theorize intelligence agencies’ agenda-building activities, also observable is a remarkable lacuna from the discipline of Journalism, Media, and Communications. A systematic review of all research articles (up until December 2014) from the archives of sixteen journals in the discipline of Journalism, Media, and Communications confirms this lack of attention. Only 0.1 percent of the discipline’s articles are centrally on the field of the press, intelligence agencies, and agenda-building processes, even when these are broadly defined. Patterns within this tiny field are delineated, comprising intelligence agencies’ techniques of, and success in, manipulating different agenda-building nodes involving the press, journalists’ practices and challenges in dealing with intelligence, the public’s role in press-related agenda building on intelligence issues, and methodological patterns and issues in examining this field. The systematic review contextualizes and situates the six research articles comprising this Special Issue.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z76E9YNZ,2015-04-01,Vian Bakir,SAGE Publications Inc,The International Journal of Press/Politics,2024-02-13T17:44:03Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],10.1177/1940161214566693,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2329812692,21.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2329812692,2016.0,2025.0,2015.0,https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutputs/news-agenda-building-and-intelligence-agencies-a-systematic-review-of-the-field-from-the-discipline-of-journalism-media-and-communications(0a421906-a6f3-4d93-9eac-146a9400d7b2).html,1.0 3179,From Silence to Primary Definer: The Emergence of an Intelligence Lobby in the Public Sphere,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920518780987,"Until the end of the Cold War the UK intelligence services were not officially acknowledged, and their personnel were banned from entering the public sphere. From 1989 the UK government began to put the intelligence services on a legal footing and to release the identity of the heads of the intelligence agencies. Since then, public engagement by the intelligence agencies has gathered pace. What this article hypothesises is that there is now, in the UK, an effective intelligence lobby of former insiders who engage in the public sphere – using on the record briefings – to counter criticism of the intelligence community and to promote a narrative and vision of what UK intelligence should do, how it is supported and how oversight is conducted. Content analysis and framing models of non-broadcast coverage of intelligence debates, focusing on the 36 months after the Snowden revelations, confirm an active and rolling lobby of current and former intelligence officials. The paper concludes that the extent of the lobby’s interventions in the public sphere is a matter for debate and possible concern.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7QXKJLU5,2019-05-01,Paul Lashmar,SAGE Publications Ltd,Critical Sociology,2024-02-13T17:32:01Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1177/0896920518780987,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2884816909,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2884816909,2023.0,2025.0,2018.0,,5.0 3180,Spies as Informants: Triangulation and the Interpretation of Elite Interview Data in the Study of the Intelligence and Security Services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00138,"This article examines the application of ‘triangulation’ to the use of elite interviewing in political science, with specific reference to the study of the intelligence and security services. It is argued that the problems involved in using elite interviews in security and intelligence studies are no different than in other areas of political science, but simply more pronounced. It is further argued that these problems can be most effectively addressed in terms of the sociological ‘triangulation’ strategy of multi-methodological research. The article concludes that this approach is, moreover, generally applicable to political studies at large.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BEHWGLEN,2001-02-01,Philip H.J. Davies,SAGE Publications Ltd,Politics,2024-02-13T17:28:30Z,['TDUVX2TF'],10.1111/1467-9256.00138,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993050611,202.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993050611,2012.0,2026.0,2001.0,,11.0 3181,Ireland Refuses New Visa for Russian Diplomats Over Espionage Concerns,Newspaper article,https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27900,Dublin is refusing to allow Moscow to replace its diplomatic staff amidst heightened fear of espionage activities while Russian diplomatic presence in Ireland has dropped by half in recent years.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3BGWHS8D,2024-02-10,Leo Chiu,,Kyiv Post,2024-02-13T11:45:47Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3182,CIA and Mossad chiefs to hold talks on Hamas hostage deal,Newspaper article,https://www.ft.com/content/73435c80-93e1-4e60-90b8-348e56058a31,Biden presses for ceasefire and warns Israel not to attack Rafah without protecting civilians,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S34R9MJB,2024-02-12T18:17:49.172Z,"Andrew England, Felicia Schwartz",,Financial Times,2024-02-13T11:44:05Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3183,Congress to Examine U.S. Spy Agencies’ Work on Havana Syndrome,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/12/us/politics/congress-to-examine-cias-work-on-havana-syndrome.html,"The C.I.A. and other agencies concluded that no hostile power was responsible for the mysterious ailments, a finding some whistle-blowers have challenged.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/998LDRMC,2024-02-12,Julian E. Barnes,,The New York Times,2024-02-13T11:43:03Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3184,French security experts identify Moscow-based disinformation network,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/12/french-security-experts-identify-moscow-based-disinformation-network,"Network operating in western Europe is ‘paving way for new wave of online manipulation’ in crucial election year, French agency says",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F5DHZ2U8,2024-02-12T20:47:38.000Z,"Kim Willsher, Lisa O'Carroll",,The Guardian,2024-02-13T11:40:24Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3185,"""This is a watershed moment."" Norwegian intelligence warns about mounting Russian threats",Newspaper article,https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/2024/02/watershed-moment-norwegian-intelligence-warns-about-mounting-russian-threats,"Norway has not faced such serious threats against its national security in several decades, the country's three main intelligence authorities warn in new reports. Among the key targets of malevolent foreign forces is Norwegian underwater infrastructure.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N5HGM4AL,2024-02-12,Atle Staalesen,,The Independent Barents Observer,2024-02-13T11:39:43Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3186,Strategic denial and deception,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050179083,Denial refers to blocking information and deception is making the opponent believe in something that is not true. Denial and deception (D&D) become strategic if it directly affects the nations' fortunes and interests. The threat to the U.S. from the practitioners of D&D is all persuasive but efforts can be made to minimize its impact.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZSGEANZL,2000,"Roy Godson, James Wirtz",Springer-Verlag,Trends in Organized Crime,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1007/s12117-000-1002-2,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032501189,32.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032501189,2014.0,2024.0,2000.0,,14.0 3187,185 years of Belgian security service,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2016.1145854,"One of the oldest domestic intelligence agencies in continuous existence is Belgium’s civil security service, the Veiligheid van de Staat or Surêté de l’Etat (VSSE). On the occasion of its 185th anniversary, this article will investigate how Belgium’s history has shaped the development of this agency (and vice versa) and explore the issues it had to deal with when the country’s capital, Brussels, became the seat of the European Union and headquarters of NATO. It will be argued that because of disruptive events in the 1980s, both internal and external for the domestic intelligence service, Belgium started becoming a ‘protective state’ since the early nineties and is still working on its improvement.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BYV3DYQC,2016,Kenneth L. Lasoen,,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:26:26Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2016.1145854,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2308982232,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2308982232,2017.0,2022.0,2016.0,,1.0 3188,The Business of Sigint: The Role of Modern Management in the Transformation of GCHQ,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076709347080,"GCHQ is the UK’s Signals Intelligence agency. The end of the Cold War, the growth of international terrorism and the arrival and subsequent explosive growth of the Internet radically changed the environment in which it had to operate. Recognition of these pressures led GCHQ to begin a wide-ranging change programme in the late 1990s. It included not only technology but also deep change in business processes, leadership and culture. A critically important feature of these changes has been the adoption, and when necessary adaptation, of a wide range of management techniques taken from the private sector. The article examines the range of techniques in question, looking at the extent to which each had to be adapted. It concludes by considering the issues that arise in the general adoption of such techniques in the public sector, concluding that that are no insurmountable obstacles.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7M4AUZKJ,2010,"Sir David Pepper, Philip H. J. Davies",SAGE Publications,Public Policy and Administration,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['8XXD789V', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1177/0952076709347080,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2111884229,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2111884229,2013.0,2025.0,2010.0,,3.0 3189,Ferrets Above: American Signals Intelligence Satellites During the 1960s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490446835,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7XA4DQQK,2010,Swayne A. Day,,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2020-06-05T10:17:16Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/08850600490446835,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109242905,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2109242905,2014.0,2023.0,2004.0,,10.0 3190,Intelligence Information and the 1909 Naval Scare: The Secret Foundations of a Public Panic,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344509348302,"Many contemporary historians, echoing the views of the radical critics of the day, believe that the 1909 naval scare was a fabricated panic designed to bounce Asquith’s government into ordering extra battleships for the Royal Navy. By examining the intelligence information that lay behind the Admiralty’s claims that Germany had secretly ordered warships in advance of its programme and was covertly collecting materials for their rapid construction, this article contests this view. It demonstrates that the Admiralty really was in receipt of information on these points, that much of this information was accurate, and that the members of the Board were not, therefore, acting disingenuously when pressing the claim for a strong response. In proving this, the article also demonstrates that British intelligence-gathering activities in the era before the foundation of the Secret Service Bureau were more extensive and more successful than had previously been believed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KANZDX8F,2010,Matthew S. Seligmann,,War in History,2020-06-05T10:17:16Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1177/0968344509348302,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2161986829,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2161986829,2016.0,2022.0,2010.0,http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/9601/3/FullText.pdf,6.0 3191,"“Logic dictates that they may attack when they feel they can win:” The 1955 Czech-Egyptian Arms Deal, the Egyptian Army, and Israeli Intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.3751/63.1.14,"Scholars usually agree that the Israeli decision to attack Egypt in October 1956 was motivated by fear of an impending attack by the Egyptian army. That fear was spurred by the news of a large arms deal concluded between Egypt and Czechoslovakia in September 1955. However, Czechoslovak and Soviet reports, used here for the first time, reveal that the Egyptian army was encountering serious difficulties while trying to absorb these weapons. Newly declassified military intelligence assessments reveal that Israeli analysts maintained, even after the Czech-Egyptian arms deal, that the Egyptian army was no match to the IDF. The article goes on to explore the strategic consideration that stood behind the Israeli decision to go to war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S6S3NC4C,2009-01-01,Guy Laron,,The Middle East Journal,2024-01-15T19:40:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.3751/63.1.14,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2052997191,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052997191,2012.0,2020.0,2009.0,,3.0 3192,Disruption and deniable interventionism: explaining the appeal of covert action and Special Forces in contemporary British policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117816659532,"The United Kingdom has long engaged in covert action. It continues to do so today. Owing to the secrecy involved, however, such activity has consistently been excluded from debates about Britain’s global role, foreign and security policy and military planning: an important lacuna given the controversy, risk, appeal and frequency of covert action. Examining when, how and why covert action is used, this article argues that contemporary covert action has emerged from, and is shaped by, a specific context. First, a gap exists between Britain’s perceived global responsibilities and its actual capabilities; policy elites see covert action as able to resolve, or at least conceal, this. Second, intelligence agencies can shape events proactively, especially at the tactical level, while flexible preventative operations are deemed well suited to the range of fluid threats currently faced. Third, existing Whitehall machinery makes covert action viable. However, current covert action is smaller scale and less provocative today than in the early Cold War; it revolves around ‘disruption’ operations. Despite being absent from the accompanying debates, this role was recognised in the 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review, which placed intelligence actors at the heart of British thinking.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHJ5FWRQ,2017,Rory Cormac,SAGE Publications,International Relations,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1177/0047117816659532,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2461575612,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2461575612,2018.0,2025.0,2016.0,http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34345/,2.0 3193,The Changing Islamic State Intelligence Apparatus,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1418552,"Wege talks about the changing Islamic State intelligence apparatus. The Islamic State first emerged in less governed spaces in Syria's al-Hasakah and Deir ez-Zour governorates and Iraq's Nineveh and Anbar provinces. He mentions the formation of the apparatus, organizational structure, and foreign intelligence capabilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TTPIS6LM,2018,Carl Wege,Taylor & Francis LLC,The International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence,2020-07-17T19:43:24Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2018.1418552,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2789246549,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2789246549,2022.0,2025.0,2018.0,,4.0 3194,"SIX: A HISTORY OF BRITAIN'S SECRET INTELLIGENCE SERVICE, Part 1: Murder and Mayhem 1909-1939",Book,https://www.bitebackpublishing.com/books/six,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4LQ7D6D2,2010-07-15,Michael Smith,Biteback,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3195,"‘No Wishful Thinking Allowed’: Secret Service Committee and Intelligence Reform in Great Britain, 1919–23",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520308559244,"The May 2002 tranche of British Security Service files released to the Public Record Office included hitherto classified policy files containing documents on Secret Service Committee meetings held from 1919 to 1923. This body wrote an important yet relatively obscure chapter in British intelligence history: the post-First World War reorganization and retasking of British secret service machinery, the focus now being Soviet Russia. However, by encouraging the deliberate overstatement of the Bolshevik 'subversive' threat and then backing excessive measures to counter it, some British officials may have sown the seeds of government's later inability to detect a much graver peril to national security, that of Soviet espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7Z2237EG,2003-01-01,Victor Madeira,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-12-25T08:41:32Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684520308559244,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075694102,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075694102,2015.0,2022.0,2003.0,,12.0 3196,The Foreign Intelligence Committee and the Origins of the Naval Intelligence Department of the Admiralty,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00253359.1995.10656533,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EMR5EFT8,1995,Matthew Allen,,The Mariner's Mirror,2020-06-05T10:17:16Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/00253359.1995.10656533,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2329549518,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2329549518,2012.0,2025.0,1995.0,,17.0 3197,Reasoning difficulty in analytical activity,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/1464536X.2011.564484,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/96YSUEW5,2011,"Robert Hoffman, Henderson Simon, Moon Brian, David T. Moore, Jordan A. Litman",,Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/1464536X.2011.564484,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2129378066,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2129378066,2012.0,2025.0,2011.0,,1.0 3198,When everything becomes intelligence: machine learning and the connected world,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1452555,"By 2020, the number of IOT devices will surpass 20.1 billion, and these devices combined with user interactions will generate enormous data streams that will challenge analytic capabilities constrained by human faculties, legal, regulatory, and policy frameworks designed for bygone eras. This work examines the impact of machine learning and artificial intelligence on legal, regulatory, policy and technical aspects of intelligence to provide insights into state, sub-state, and human behavior. This work develops an adaptive theory of Cyber Intelligence that will play an increasingly central role within the Intelligence Community in the decade(s) to come.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DYFMC7YW,2018,Aaron F. Brantly,Taylor & Francis Ltd,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-22T16:06:03Z,"['8XXD789V', 'E5UVWK8S', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1080/02684527.2018.1452555,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2806125716,19.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2806125716,2019.0,2025.0,2018.0,https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/da11d603-f9c9-4ce8-af4a-b949b6328845/download,1.0 3199,A New Direction for Theory-Building in Intelligence Studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701249840,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/63T6UU36,2007,Or Arthur Honig,,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850600701249840,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2159723082,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2159723082,2014.0,2020.0,2007.0,,7.0 3200,The Dog That Didn't Bark: The Joint Intelligence Committee and Warning of Aggression,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740701621739,"This article introduces and includes the Nicoll Report – a previously classified document written to assess the performance of the British Joint Intelligence Committee in warning about foreign acts of aggression. The Nicoll Report is a hugely significant document for four main reasons: it provides detail on intelligence estimates for case studies which have not yet been released into the archive; it provides an examination of the JIC's failures and in doing so it is far more candid than the ‘open’ investigations conducted by Lord Franks and Lord Butler; it provides an exploration of how intelligence must be relevant to policy-makers in order for it to be useful; and finally, it identifies general lessons for the future and which are immensely revealing with the benefit of hindsight.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/74JUL5B2,2007,Michael S. Goodman,,Cold War History,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/14682740701621739,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971091154,34.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971091154,2012.0,2024.0,2007.0,,5.0 3201,Beyond the vigilant state: globalisation and intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210509990337,"Abstract The world of intelligence has grown exponentially over the last decade. This article suggests that prevailing explanation of this expansion – the spectre of ‘new terrorism’ – reflects serious misunderstandings. Much of the emergency legislation which has extended the power of the state so remarkably was already sitting in the pending trays of officials in the late 1990s. Instead, the rise of both the ‘new terrorism’ and its supposed nemesis – the secret state – both owe more to long-term structural factors. Globalisation has accelerated a wide range of sub-military transnational threats, of which the ‘new terrorism’ is but one example. Meanwhile the long-promised engines of global governance are nowhere in sight. In their absence, the underside of a globalising world is increasingly policed by ‘vigilant states’ that resort to a mixture of military power and intelligence power in an attempt to address these problems. Yet the intelligence services cannot meet the improbable demands for omniscience made by governments, nor can they square their new enforcer role with vocal demands by global civil society for improved ethical practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NT6G8JYJ,2009,Richard J. Aldrich,Cambridge University Press,Review of International Studies,2020-07-20T07:20:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1017/S0260210509990337,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2148686932,29.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2148686932,2012.0,2025.0,2009.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/EF7AEC068798B1013584F43D8148CFE6/S0260210509990337a.pdf/div-class-title-beyond-the-vigilant-state-globalisation-and-intelligence-div.pdf,3.0 3202,Together in the middle: Back-channel negotiation in the Irish peace process,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343311417982,"This article examines the development of cooperative relationships in back-channel communication and their impact on intraparty negotiation. It draws on extensive newly available evidence on back-channel communication in the Irish peace process to expand the range of detailed case studies on a topic which is shrouded in secrecy and resistant to academic inquiry. The article analyses the operation of a secret back channel that linked the Irish Republican Army to the British government over a period of 20 years, drawing on unique material from the private papers of the intermediary, Brendan Duddy, and a range of other primary sources. The article finds that interaction through this back channel increased predictability and laid a foundation of extremely limited trust by providing information and increasing mutual understanding. Strong cooperative relationships developed at the intersection between the two sides, based to a great extent on strong interpersonal relationships and...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TGQM6B4Z,2011,Niall Ó Dochartaigh,SAGE Publications,Journal of Peace Research,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1177/0022343311417982,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2121364885,28.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2121364885,2013.0,2025.0,2011.0,https://researchrepository.universityofgalway.ie/bitstreams/22392d5e-2d1d-4ba9-9bd9-0e52de445d9d/download,2.0 3203,Diplomacy and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592299808406081,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4B96FRKN,1998,Michael Herman,,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/09592299808406081,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080600402,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080600402,2015.0,2026.0,1998.0,,17.0 3204,Beyond the buzzword: big data and national security decision-making,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix184,"This article explores the role big data plays in the national security decision-making process. The global surveillance disclosures initiated by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden have increased public and academic discussions about big data and national security. Yet, efforts to summarize and import insights from the vast and interdisciplinary literature on data analytics have remained rare in the field of security studies. To fill this gap, we explain the core characteristics of big data, provide an overview of the techniques and methods of data analytics, and explore how big data can support the core national security process of intelligence. Big data is not only defined by the volume of data but also by their velocity, variety and issues of veracity. Scientists have developed a number of techniques to extract information from big data and support national security practices. We find that data analytics tools contribute to and influence all the core intelligence functions in the contemporary US national security apparatus. However, these tools cannot replace the central role of humans and their ability to contextualize security threats. The fundamental value of big data lies in humans' ability to understand its power and mitigate its limits.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WTXEL6GJ,2017,"Damien Van Puyvelde, Stephen Coulthart, M. Shahriar Hossain",Oxford University Press,International Affairs,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1093/ia/iix184,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2754559873,44.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2754559873,2018.0,2026.0,2017.0,,1.0 3205,At Arm's Length or At the Elbow?: Explaining the Distance between Analysts and Decisionmakers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701249733,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E5PYW225,2007,Stephen Marrin,,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/08850600701249733,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018766547,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018766547,2015.0,2025.0,2007.0,,8.0 3206,Why Intelligence and Policymakers Clash,Journal article,,"Robert Jervis argues that friction between intelligence agencies and policymakers is an inevitable product of their conflicting missions and needs. Policymakers need political and psychological support, while intelligence generally raises doubts, points to problems, and notes uncertainties. Relations do not have to be as strained as they were under President George W. Bush, but they will always be difficult. Adapted from the source document. Reprinted by permission of Political Science Quarterly",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A7P59NAK,2010,Robert Jervis,Blackwell Publishing Ltd,Political Science Quarterly,2020-07-17T20:22:15Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1002/j.1538-165X.2010.tb00672.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998912306,49.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998912306,2012.0,2025.0,2010.0,,2.0 3207,Harnessing Conflict in Foreign Policy Making: From Devil's to Multiple Advocacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2002.tb00003.x,"When making (foreign)policy, presidents must navigate between twin dangers: excessive conformity and destructive conflict among the policy advocates. The notions of devil's and multiple advocacy are reexamined in light of three decades of research in political science and psychology as coping strategies for dealing with these dangers. Devil's advocacy is of some help in promoting diversisity and mitgating tendencirs toward conformity, despite serious implementation difficulties. A substantial body of conceptual and empirical work bearing on the assessment of the more comprehensive multiple advocacy work has accumulated since its formulation in 1972. The main findings are (I) that practices associated with multiple advocacy have indeed contributed to improving and uncovering avoidable errors, (2) that the implementation of multiple advocacy has been uneven (which makes evaluation difficult), and (3) a number of suggestions for fine‐tuning the prescriptive model and specfing conditions conducive to its effective application.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VM9WTKSB,2002,"Alexander L. George, Eric K. Stern",Blackwell Publishing Ltd,Presidential Studies Quarterly,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1111/j.1741-5705.2002.tb00003.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2012276115,68.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012276115,2012.0,2025.0,2002.0,,10.0 3208,Strategic deception and counter-deception. A cognitive process approach,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.2307/2600359,"Research in experimental psychology is applied to an analysis of problems of strategic military deception and counterdeception. In conducting deception, the deceiver has a clear advantage; empirical evidence confirms assumptions drawn from cognitive psychology that deception seldom fails when it exploits a target's preconceptions. The target's tendency to assimilate discrepant information to existing mental sets generally negates the risks to deception posed by security leaks and uncontrolled channels of information. Cognitive biases in the assessment of probabilities, evaluation of evidence, and attribution of causality are described and related to questions of deception and counterdeception. Approaches to enhancing an organization's ability to detect deception are examined. Improved intelligence collection and heightened alertness to deception are often insufficient. Cognitive aids to facilitate analysis are recommended, as is the formation of a counterdeception staff as a focal point for deception analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y6HLYDZ6,1981,Richards Heuer,,International studies quarterly,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.2307/2600359,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2748769486,52.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2748769486,2012.0,2025.0,1981.0,,31.0 3209,US–European Intelligence Co-Operation on Counter-Terrorism: Low Politics and Compulsion,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-856x.2008.00353.x,"Since 9/11, intelligence has been viewed as an integral part of a controversial ‘war on terror’. The acrimonious public arguments over subjects such as Iraqi WMD assessments, secret prisons and the interrogation of detainees suggest intense transatlantic discord. Yet improbably, some of those countries that have expressed strident disagreement in public are privately the closest intelligence partners. It is argued here that we can explain this seeming paradox by viewing intelligence co-operation as a rather specialist kind of ‘low politics’ that is focused on practical arrangements. Intelligence is also a fissiparous activity, allowing countries to work together in one area even while they disagree about something else. Meanwhile, the pressing need to deal with a range of increasingly elusive transnational opponents—including organised crime—compels intelligence agencies to work more closely together, despite their instinctive dislike of multilateral sharing. Therefore, transatlantic...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CXMCBDWN,2009,Richard J. Aldrich,SAGE Publications,The British Journal of Politics and International Relations,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1111/j.1467-856x.2008.00353.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2000276613,36.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2000276613,2012.0,2026.0,2009.0,,3.0 3210,Surprise Despite Warning: Why Sudden Attacks Succeed,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.2307/2150604,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XIZYI9C2,1980,Richard Betts,Academy of Political Science,Political Science Quarterly,2020-07-20T09:36:05Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.2307/2150604,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4244282578,47.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4244282578,2014.0,2026.0,1980.0,,34.0 3211,Intelligence Failure and Need for Cognitive Closure: On the Psychology of the Yom Kippur Surprise,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00317,"This paper uses newly available evidence to shed light on the circumstances and causes of the 6 October 1973 Yom Kippur surprise attack of Egyptian and Syrian forces on Israeli positions at the Suez Canal and the Golan Heights. The evidence suggests that an important circumstance that accounts for the surprise effect these actions managed to produce, despite ample warning signs, is traceable to a high need for cognitive closure among major figures in the Israeli intelligence establishment. Such a need may have prompted leading intelligence analysts to “freeze” on the conventional wisdom that an attack was unlikely and to become impervious to information suggesting that it was imminent. The discussion considers the psychological forces affecting intelligence operations in predicting the initiation of hostile enemy activities, and it describes possible avenues of dealing with the psychological impediments to open–mindedness that may pervasively characterize such circumstances.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRKY29SL,2003,"Uri Bar–Joseph, Arie W. Kruglanski",Blackwell Publishing Inc,Political Psychology,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1111/0162-895X.00317,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2126510726,65.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2126510726,2013.0,2025.0,2003.0,,10.0 3212,The Rational Timing of Surprise,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.2307/2009943,"National leaders are frequently surprised by the actions of other governments. This paper explores the structure common to problems involving the use of resources for achieving surprise. Such resources include deception through double agents and through sudden changes in standard operating procedures. Still other resources for surprise include cracked codes, spies, and new weapons. Since surprise is usually possible only by risking the revelation of the means of surprise, in each case the same problem arises: when should the resource be risked and when should it be maintained for a potentially more important event later? A rational-actor model is developed to provide a prescriptive answer to this question. Examining the ways in which actual actors are likely to differ from rational actors leads to several important policy implications. One is that leaders may tend to be overconfident in their ability to predict the actions of their potential opponents just when the stakes get large. Another implication is that, as observational technology improves, the potential for surprise and deception may actually increase.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5S5SSKIP,1979,Robert Axelrod,"Princeton University Press, etc",World Politics,2020-07-20T07:40:37Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.2307/2009943,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2151821438,55.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2151821438,2012.0,2023.0,1979.0,,33.0 3213,"Big Data for Policymaking: Great Expectations, but with Limited Progress?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.176,"While talk of “Big Data” is now prevalent in many sectors, there are still relatively few examples of Big Data being used to shape public policy. This article reports an international study of Big Data for policy initiatives to understand the role played by data‐driven approaches in the policy process. Drawing on evidence (including policy analysis and interviews with stakeholders) from 58 initiatives, we find that some policy areas, notably efforts to improve government transparency, are far more represented than others, such as use of social media data for policy evaluation. We also find Big Data used more often in the policy cycle for foresight and agenda setting, or interim evaluation and monitoring, rather than for policy implementation and ex post evaluation. Many different types of data are used in the policy process, with traditional sources such as government statistics still favored over new and emerging sources. We find that use of Big Data for public policy is therefore...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V7KNXXMY,2018,"Martijn Poel, Eric T. Meyer, Ralph Schroeder",,Policy & Internet,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1002/poi3.176,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2883454251,70.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2883454251,2018.0,2026.0,2018.0,,0.0 3214,Hindsight and Foresight: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of Surprise Attacks,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.2307/2009976,"As a step toward further conceptualization and differentiation of the problem of surprise attacks, this article suggests a new framework for analyzing the assumptions of decision makers. Two main categories are distinguished: (1) strategic assumptions of possibilities--the explicit and implicit assumptions held by an ""observing state"" about the conditions and circumstances under which the ""observed state"" would strike; (2) tactical assumptions of actualities--assumptions that have become realities in the eyes of the observing state, or that are on the verge of realization. Five cases of failures in intelligence estimates are discussed: (1) the Barbarossa Operation; (2) the attack on Pearl Harbor; (3) the Chinese Intervention in the Korean War; (4) the Sino-Indian Border War of October 1962; (5) the Arab-Israeli War of October 1973. The analysis indicates that in each case, when discrepancies existed between tactical assumptions of actualities and strategic assumptions of possibilities, the latter prevailed without reassessment of the situation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QSM376AS,1976,Abraham Ben-Zvi,Princeton University Press,World Politics,2020-07-20T07:42:35Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.2307/2009976,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059231521,49.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059231521,2012.0,2025.0,1976.0,,36.0 3215,The Intelligence of Stupidity: Understanding Failures in Strategic Warning,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.2307/1954739,"This analysis discusses the implications of some cognitive and organizational factors for the evaluation and avoidance of failures in strategic warning. It advances three major arguments. First, efforts to assess and improve warning forecasts must take into account the policy context in which they are made and used. They cannot be based on concerns with the accuracy of forecasts alone. Second, important biases are present in retrospective case studies. Therefore, we should accept post hoc explanations of warning failures with appropriate caution. Third, a pluralistic intelligence community, as it is presently proposed for some non-U.S. systems, is unlikely to resolve the problems thought to be responsible for past strategic surprises. It may in fact compound these problems. Reprinted by permission of Cambridge University Press.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UFEWQTGI,1979,Steve Chan,American Political Science Association,The American Political Science Review,2020-07-20T10:56:57Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.2307/1954739,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2133752021,57.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2133752021,2013.0,2025.0,1979.0,,34.0 3216,"Collect it all: national security, Big Data and governance",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-014-9598-y,"This paper is a case study of complications of Big Data. The case study draws from the US intelligence community, but the issues are applicable on a wide scale to Big Data. There are two ways Big Data are making a big impact: a reconceptualization of (geo)privacy, and “algorithmic security.” Geoprivacy is revealed as a geopolitical assemblage rather than something possessed and is part of emerging political economy of technology and neoliberal markets. Security has become increasingly algorithmic and biometric, enrolling Big Data to disambiguate the biopolitical subject. Geoweb and remote sensing technologies, companies, and knowledges are imbricated in this assemblage of algorithmic security. I conclude with three spaces of intervention; new critical histories of the geoweb that trace the relationship of geography and the state; a fuller political economy of the geoweb and its circulations of geographical knowledge; and legislative and encryption efforts that enable the geographic community to participate in public debate.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C24HIJ88,2015,Jeremy Crampton,Springer Netherlands,GeoJournal,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['8XXD789V', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1007/s10708-014-9598-y,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3122847208,80.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122847208,2015.0,2025.0,2014.0,,1.0 3217,Intelligence Failures: An Organizational Economics Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005775196723,"Two recent failures of the U.S. intelligence system have led to the creation of high-level investigative commissions. The failure to prevent the terrorist attacks of 9/11 prompted the creation of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (2004), or 9/11 Commission.The mistaken belief that Saddam Hussein had retained weapons of mass destruction prompted the creation of the Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction (2005), or the WMD Commission. In this paper, we use insights from organizational economics to analyze the principal organizational issues these commissions have raised in the ongoing discussion about how to prevent intelligence failures.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TXVWPQVI,2005,"Luis Garicano, Richard A. Posner",American Economic Association,Journal of Economic Perspectives,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1257/089533005775196723,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992815001,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992815001,2012.0,2023.0,2005.0,https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/pdf/doi/10.1257/089533005775196723,7.0 3218,Grey is the new black: covert action and implausible deniability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiy067,"For hundreds of years, states have sought to intervene in the affairs of others in a surreptitious manner. Since the professionalization of intelligence services in the aftermath of the Second World War, this behaviour has become known as covert action, which—for generations of scholars—has been defined as plausibly deniable intervention in the affairs of others; the sponsor's hand is neither apparent nor acknowledged. We challenge this orthodoxy. By turning the spotlight away from covert action and onto plausible deniability itself, we argue that even in its supposed heyday, the concept was deeply problematic. Changes in technology and the media, combined with the rise of special forces and private military companies, give it even less credibility today. We live in an era of implausible deniability and ambiguous warfare. Paradoxically, this does not spell the end of covert action. Instead, leaders are embracing implausible deniability and the ambiguity it creates. We advance a new conception of covert action, historically grounded but fit for the twenty-first century: unacknowledged interference in the affairs of others.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G4T9MIBL,2018,"Rory Cormac, Richard J. Aldrich",Oxford University Press,International Affairs,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1093/ia/iiy067,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2791619519,248.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2791619519,2018.0,2026.0,2018.0,https://academic.oup.com/ia/article-pdf/94/3/477/24808421/iiy067.pdf,0.0 3219,Contending cultures of counterterrorism: transatlantic divergence or convergence?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00494.x,"Terrorist attacks on the United States, Spain and the United Kingdom have underlined the differing responses of Europe and the United States to the 'new terrorism'. This article analyses these responses through the prism of historically determined strategic cultures. For the last four years the United States has directed the full resources of a `national security' approach towards this threat and has emphasized unilateralism. Europe, based on its own past experience of terrorism, has adopted a regulatory approach pursued through multilateralism. These divergences in transatlantic approaches, with potentially major implications for the future of the relationship, have appeared to be mitigated by a revised American strategy of counterterrorism that has emerged during 2005. However, this article contends that while strategic doctrines may change, the more immutable nature of strategic culture will make convergence difficult. This problem will be compounded by the fact that neither Europe nor America have yet addressed the deeper connections between terrorism and the process of globalization. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P6THBIR3,2005-10-31,"Wyn Rees, Richard J. Aldrich",,International affairs [London],2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00494.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2118196708,104.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2118196708,2012.0,2026.0,2005.0,,7.0 3220,Introducing Social Media Intelligence (SOCMINT),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.716965,"We introduce the latest member of the intelligence family. Joining IMINT, HUMINT, SIGINT and others is ‘SOCMINT’ – social media intelligence. In an age of ubiquitous social media it is the responsibility of the security community to admit SOCMINT into the national intelligence framework, but only when two important tests are passed. First, that it rests on solid methodological bedrock of collection, evidence, verification, understanding and application. Second, that the moral hazard it entails can be legitimately managed. This article offers a framework for how this can be done.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PCQWYXPI,2012,"David Omand, Barlett Jamie, Carl Miller",,Intelligence and National Security,2020-06-05T10:17:26Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/02684527.2012.716965,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2165316198,133.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2165316198,2013.0,2026.0,2012.0,,1.0 3221,"Analysis, War, and Decision: Why Intelligence Failures Are inevitable",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.2307/2009967,"Strategic intelligence failures cannot be prevented by organizational solutions to problems of analysis and communication. Analytic certainty is precluded by ambiguity of evidence, ambivalence of judgment, and atrophy of institutional reforms designed to avert failures. Many sources of error are unresolvable paradoxes and dilemmas rather than curable pathologies. Major failures in attack warning, operational evaluation, and intelligence for strategic planning are due primarily to leaders' psychological attributes rather than to analysts' failures to detect relevant data. Since analysis and decision are interactive rather than sequential processes, and authorities often hear but dismiss correct estimates, intelligence failure is inseparable from policy failure. Solutions most often proposed--worst-case analysis, multiple advocacy, devil's advocacy, organizational consolidation, sanctions and incentives for analysts, and cognitive rehabilitation--are either impractical because of constraints on the leaders' time, or they are mixed blessings because they create new problems in the course of solving old ones.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/65PQWP7F,1978,Richard K. Betts,Princeton University Press,World Politics,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.2307/2009967,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090841440,336.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090841440,2012.0,2026.0,1978.0,,34.0 3222,"Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big Data between scientific paradigm and ideology",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v12i2.4776,"Metadata and data have become a regular currency for citizens to pay for their communication services and security -- a trade-off that has nestled into the comfort zone of most people. This article deconstructs the ideological grounds of datafication. Datafication is rooted in problematic ontological and epistemological claims. As part of a larger social media logic, it shows characteristics of a widespread secular belief. Dataism, as this conviction is called, is so successful because masses of people -- naively or unwittingly -- trust their personal information to corporate platforms. The notion of trust becomes more problematic because people's faith is extended to other public institutions (e.g. academic research and law enforcement) that handle their (meta)data. The interlocking of government, business and academia in the adaptation of this ideology makes the authors want to look more critically at the entire ecosystem of connective media. Adapted from the source document.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GDYW2A8N,2014,Jose van Dijck,,Surveillance & Society,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['8XXD789V'],10.24908/ss.v12i2.4776,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1779680771,2085.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1779680771,2014.0,2026.0,2014.0,https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/download/datafication/datafic,0.0 3223,Intelligence in the internet age: The emergence and evolution of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.014,"This paper introduces the concept of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) as an important component for understanding human problem solving in the 21st century. OSINT is in many ways the result of changing human–information relationships resulting from the emergence and growing dominance of the Internet and the World Wide Web in everyday life. This paper suggests that the Internet/Web changes the dynamic relationship between what Cattell and Horn have identified as the two general factors of human intelligence: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. The Internet/Web open up new possibilities for accessing information and transcending over-determined cultural intelligence in problem solving. This offers fluid intelligence, which often trails off in adulthood, a new vitality across the lifespan. But the diminishment of crystallized intelligence, and especially cultural intelligence, also presents a number of important problems in maintenance of cohesive, social cooperatives. The development of OSINT (using tools and ethos created by the Open Source movement of the last few decades) offers both a framework for reaching beyond the boundaries of traditional cultural intelligence and ways to create cooperative, open, problem solving communities. The Internet/Web will continue to create confusion and fear as we move deeper into this new age, but also presents extraordinary possibilities for augmenting human intellect if we can understand it and learn to harness its potential.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/56ZJYQ9Z,2012,"Michael Glassman, Min Ju Kang",Elsevier Ltd,Computers in Human Behavior,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.014,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997816329,145.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997816329,2012.0,2026.0,2011.0,,1.0 3224,Attributing Cyber Attacks,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01402390.2014.977382,"Who did it? Attribution is fundamental. Human lives and the security of the state may depend on ascribing agency to an agent. In the context of computer network intrusions, attribution is commonly seen as one of the most intractable technical problems, as either solvable or not solvable, and as dependent mainly on the available forensic evidence. But is it? Is this a productive understanding of attribution? — This article argues that attribution is what states make of it. To show how, we introduce the Q Model: designed to explain, guide, and improve the making of attribution. Matching an offender to an offence is an exercise in minimising uncertainty on three levels: tactically, attribution is an art as well as a science; operationally, attribution is a nuanced process not a black-and-white problem; and strategically, attribution is a function of what is at stake politically. Successful attribution requires a range of skills on all levels, careful management, time, leadership, stress-testing, prudent communication, and recognising limitations and challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8VSXXNGD,2015,"Thomas Rid, Ben Buchanan",Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2020-07-23T07:50:01Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/01402390.2014.977382,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993595248,589.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993595248,2015.0,2026.0,2014.0,,1.0 3225,Origins and Current State of Japan’s Reconnaissance Satellite Program (U),Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Origins-and-Current-State.pdf,"The November 2009 launch marked the continuation of Japan’s reconnaissance satellite program, which put its first satellites into orbit in early 2003.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V99R8RZ7,2010-09-01,William W. Radcliffe,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-13T09:39:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3226,A Cultural Evolution,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/A-Cultural-Evolution.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MH2CJZQR,2010-09-01,Robert Cardillo,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-13T09:37:56Z,['NWAKWPT7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3227,Stalin's Romeo Spy: The Remarkable Rise and Fall of the KGB's Most Daring Operative,Book,,"A sailor, artist, lawyer, and writer, fluent in many languages, Bystrolyotov was one of a team of outstanding Soviet spies operating in Western countries between the world wars. He was a dashing man whose Modus Operandi was the seduction of women - among them a French embassy employee, the wife of a British official, and a disfigured Gestapo officer. He stole military secrets from Nazi Germany Fascist Italy and enabled Stalin to lookinto the diplomatic pouches of many European countries. Idealistically committed to the Motherland, he showed extraordinary courage and physical prowess - twice crossing the Sahara Desert and the jungles of the Congo. But in 1938, at the height of Stalin's purges, Bystrolyotov was arrested and tortured. Sentenced to twenty years of hard labour in the Gulag, he risked more severe punishment by documenting the regime's crimes against humanity. With amazing stamina, he survived the repression and came to realise the true nature of the ideology he once served unquestioningly.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HSA3MXK3,2011-10-20,Emil Draitser,Gerald Duckworth & Co Ltd,,2024-02-13T09:27:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3228,"Eisenhower and Intelligence Reporting on Korea, 1953",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-54-no-4/eisenhower-and-intelligence-reporting-on-korea-1953/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZUZ9YBVJ,2010-12-01,Clayton D. Lauire,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-13T09:20:19Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3229,"Synthesizing with Clients, Not Analyzing for Customers",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Synthesizing-with-Clients.pdf,"What if the Intelligence Community were to reimagine itself as a service-provider geared to engaging in goalfocused conversation as a well-defined regular activity? What, in other words, would happen if the IC were to become a provider of knowledge services, rather than a producer of information?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T2RHAEBQ,2010-12-01,"Josh Kerbel, Anthony Olcott",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-13T09:13:34Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZJ36V8L']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3230,The Lessons for CI of the Dreyfus Affair,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-55-no-1/the-lessons-for-ci-of-the-dreyfus-affair/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H2L6BN2B,2011-03-01,John Ehrman,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:53:19Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3231,What I Learned in 40 Years of Doing Intelligence Analysis for US Foreign Policymakers,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/What-I-Learned-40.pdf,Every intelligence product must be rooted in a strong understanding of the audience it is written for.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IAJLT3YK,2011-03-01,Martin Petersen,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:51:47Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3232,"KAMEN: A Cold War Dangle Operation with an American Dimension, 1948-1952",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-55-no-1/kamen-a-cold-war-dangle-operation-with-an-american-dimension-1948-1952/,"Soon after the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia came into power, the security services were granted unlimited freedom of action against any target.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6EMD4KQS,2011-03-01,Igor Lukes,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:50:17Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3233,The Evolution of US Army HUMINT: Intelligence Operations in the Korean War,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/5f627af58cdf8f8f490cd87d1b0cd4e4/Evolution-US-Army-HUMINT.pdf,"By the end of the Korean War, the Far East Command had fielded a large Army-controlled clandestine collection apparatus, closely linked with similarly large operations in the fields of partisan and psychological warfare.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SEUX57NT,2011-06-01,John P. Finnegan,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:44:53Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3234,"The Pursuit of Intelligence History: Methods, Sources, and Trajectories in the United Kingdom",Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D53RS83A,2011-06-01,Christopher R. Moran,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:43:47Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3235,An Educated Consumer Is Our Best Customer,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/An-Educated-Consumer.pdf,The quality of service a consumer receives from the IC depends heavily on the expertise and experience that the policymaker or legislator brings to their interaction with the IC.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/96X3RMPR,2011-06-01,Dennis C. Wilder,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:41:55Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3236,Cultural Topography: A New Research Tool for Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/811a5292007dbd5e9a73844c113f257b/Cultural-Topography.pdf,"American decisionmakers have shown a need for help in isolating and understanding the complexity, weight, and relevance of culture as they consider foreign policy initiatives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QVIYY6QW,2011-06-01,"Jeannie L. Johnson, Matthew T. Berrett",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:40:25Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3237,The Triple Agent: The Al-Qaeda Mole who Infiltrated the CIA,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/208084/the-triple-agent-by-joby-warrick/,"In December 2009, a group of the CIA’s top terrorist hunters gathered at a secret base in Khost, Afghanistan, to greet a rising superspy: Humam Khalil al-Balawi, a Jordanian double-agent who infiltrated the upper ranks of al-Qaeda. For months, he had sent shocking revelations from inside the terrorist network and now promised to help the CIA assassinate Osama bin Laden’s top deputy. Instead, as he stepped from his car, he detonated a thirty-pound bomb strapped to his chest, instantly killing seven CIA operatives, the agency’s worst loss of life in decades. In The Triple Agent, Pulitzer Prize–winning reporter Joby Warrick takes us deep inside the CIA’s secret war against al-Qaeda, a war that pits robotic planes and laser-guided missiles against a cunning enemy intent on unleashing carnage in American cities. Flitting precariously between the two sides was Balawi, a young man with extraordinary gifts who managed to win the confidence of hardened terrorists as well as veteran spymasters. With his breathtaking accounts from inside al-Qaeda’s lair, Balawi appeared poised to become America’s greatest double-agent in half a century—but he was not at all what he seemed. Combining the powerful momentum of Black Hawk Down with the institutional insight of Jane Mayer’s The Dark Side, Warrick takes the readers on a harrowing journey from the slums of Amman to the inner chambers of the White House in an untold true story of miscalculation, deception, and revenge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KG7HI4DE,2012-05-01,Joby Warrick,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-12T23:37:41Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3238,"French and American Intelligence Relations During the First Indochina War, 1950–54",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-55-no-3/french-and-american-intelligence-relations-during-the-first-indochina-war-1950-54/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q4GZ3DYM,2011-09-01,"Jean-Marc LePage, Elie Tenenbaum",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:35:54Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3239,The Death of Secrecy: Need to Know…With Whom to Share?,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-55-no-3/the-death-of-secrecy-need-to-knowwith-whom-to-share/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KMGKETXL,2011-09-01,Bowman H. Miller,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:34:35Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3240,OSS and Free Thai Operations in World War II,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-55-no-4/oss-and-free-thai-operations-in-world-war-ii/,The Thai proved to be masters at manipulating the Japanese occupiers and adept at collecting intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R77A9QQ3,2011-12-01,Bob Bergin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:29:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3241,Capturing the Potential of Outlier Ideas in the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-55-no-4/capturing-the-potential-of-outlier-ideas-in-the-intelligence-community/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X2XPB3NL,2011-12-01,"Clint Watts, John E. Brennan",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T23:27:11Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3242,"British Army intelligence in provincial Ireland, 1919‒1921: organisation, outcomes and the 6th Division blacklist",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/irish-historical-studies/article/abs/british-army-intelligence-in-provincial-ireland-19191921-organisation-outcomes-and-the-6th-division-blacklist/7190374430311C9B9DA3F4136028C75F,"Intelligence played a critical role in the Irish War of Independence, though debate remains about the effectiveness of British information-gathering. Historians have focused largely on the intelligence war in Dublin. This article examines British Army intelligence in the 6th Division area (roughly the southern third of the island). It will contextualise British military intelligence before the conflict and traces the slow development of an intelligence organisation in the 6th Division. It then considers the sources and nature of British information gathering, particularly interrogation of prisoners and the collection and analysis of captured documents. Military intelligence summaries and a ‘Blacklist’ of I.R.A. suspects across the 6th Division are used to ascertain the quality of military intelligence products during the final stages of the conflict. The ‘Blacklist’ can be contrasted with I.R.A. unit arrest data and leadership lists, to assess the effectiveness of British military intelligence at a county level. This comparison provides a new measure of British performance, clearly revealing the limitations of British military intelligence in the 6th Division, particularly when compared to relatively more successful results achieved by crown forces in the Dublin District.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9HZYH52K,2024-02-09,"Andy Bielenberg, John Borgonovo",Cambridge University Press,Irish Historical Studies,2024-02-12T23:15:15Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1017/ihs.2023.46,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391698666,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 3243,"Counterintelligence, Artificial Intelligence and National Security: Synergy and Challenges",Journal article,https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/jpentai/article/view/35617,"Counterintelligence (CI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) represent two distinct yet interconnected domains that play pivotal roles in safeguarding National and International Security. On the first hand, CI involves activities and measures taken to identify, prevent and counter any Intelligence activities of hostile entities, such as spying, sabotage and information gathering. On the other hand, AI refers to the development and use of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning and problem-solving. Subsequently, in the ever-evolving landscape of global security, the rise of AI has ushered in a new era of CI practices. The present paper delves into the intersection of CI and AI, exploring the profound impact of AI on the CI processes and how it is transforming National Security strategies, highlighting at the same time the fields of mutually influence. Ultimately, underscores the imperative of harnessing AI's potential to strengthen CI efforts in an ever-evolving threat landscape. Plus, it investigates the ethical concerns and privacy implications associated with AI in CI emphasizing the imperative of responsible AI development and deployment. Finally, through comprehensive international case studies, offers insights into how United States, China, Russia and Israel have integrated AI into their Intelligence and CI strategies, shedding light on the diverse approaches and challenges faced by different countries. Summarizing, the paper underscores the potential synergy between AI and CI, while also acknowledging the formidable challenges it presents, such as privacy concerns and adversarial AI. Striking a balance between harnessing AI's power and safeguarding national interests remains a pivotal task for policymakers and intelligence agencies in the ever-evolving landscape of national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A77XSKK4,2024-02-09,Anastasios Nikolaos Kanellopoulos,,Journal of Politics and Ethics in New Technologies and AI,2024-02-12T23:13:17Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.12681/jpentai.35617,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4396805079,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4396805079,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/jpentai/article/download/35617/27796,1.0 3244,Intelligence Power in Peace and War,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EUFB2R9L,1996,Michael Herman,Cambridge University Press,,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3245,No More Secrets: Open Source Information and the Reshaping of U.S. Intelligence,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/no-more-secrets-9780313391552/,"This in-depth analysis shows how the high stakes contest surrounding open source information is forcing significant reform within the U.S. intelligence community, the homeland security sector, and among citizen activists. Since 9/11, U.S. intelligence organizations have grappled with the use of ""open source"" information derived from unclassified material, including international newspapers, television, radio, and websites. They have struggled as well with the idea of sharing information with international and domestic law enforcement partners. The apparent conflict between this openness and the secrecy inherent in intelligence provides an opportunity to reconsider what intelligence is, how it is used, and how citizens and their government interact in the interests of national security. That is the goal of No More Secrets: Open Source Information and the Reshaping of U.S. Intelligence. To write this thought-provoking book, the author drew on his own direct participation in the institutionalization of open source within the U.S. government from 2001 to 2005, seeking to explain how these developments influence the nature of intelligence and relate to the deliberative principles of a democratic society. By analyzing how open source policies and practices are developed, maintained, and transformed, this study enhances public understanding of both intelligence and national security affairs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9QINYQ7A,2011-05-18,Hamilton Bean,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-12T11:04:27Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3246,Estimating State Instability,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-1/estimating-state-instability/,"Estimating state warning. It is a structured analysis of instability types, their likelihood and potential impact on US national interests, and their most likely and most dangerous manifestations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KVDK6N5T,2012-03-01,J. Eli Margolis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:58:25Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3247,Probing the Implications of Changing the Outputs of Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-1/probing-the-implications-of-changing-the-outputs-of-intelligence/,"This article is a result of the 2011 Analyst-IC Associate Teams Program sponsored by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the State Department’s Bureau of Intelligence and Research. The IC members of the group, all experienced intelligence offi cers, teamed with Greg Treverton, a former vice chair man of the National Intelligence Council, to examine how intelli gence is delivered to Intelligence Community consumers. The study’s bottom line is that intel ligence, especially intelligence analysis, cannot truly be trans formed until its practitioners have reshaped the way they think of their products. This, the research team believes, must be done if IC analysis is to effec tively serve future generations of policymakers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BYE2STNQ,2012-03-01,,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:56:59Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZJ36V8L']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3248,"The Economics of Overthrow: The United States, Britain, and the Hidden",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-2/the-economics-of-overthrow-the-united-states-britain-and-the-hidden/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GKN59F6V,2012-06-01,Torey L. McMurdo,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:54:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3249,"A Spy Who Made His Own Way: Ernest Hemingway, Wartime Spy",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-2/a-spy-who-made-his-own-way-ernest-hemingway-wartime-spy/,"As an auxiliary spy, once demonstrated willingness to take risks and work hard, but in the end, no matter what others had in mind for him, Hemingway made his own way through the war",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HNUDZE24,2012-06-01,Nicholas Reynolds,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:52:18Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3250,Castro's Secrets: The CIA and Cuba's Intelligence Machine,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RGJVQ6HU,2012-04-10,Brian Latell,Palgrave,,2024-02-12T10:50:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3251,Science and Technology: Origins of a Directorate,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-3/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7PMNX8QU,1986-06-01, Welzenbach,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:46:33Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3252,A Strategy Framework for the Intelligence Analyst,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-3/a-strategy-framework-for-the-intelligence-analyst/,It behooves intelligence officers to know the strategic context of policymakers—the cognitive and national security framework they consciously (or instinctively) use to make policy.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZYLNGZIC,2013-09-01,Steven M. Stigall,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:44:11Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3253,Beyond Spy vs. Spy: The Analytic Challenge of Understanding Chinese Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-3/beyond-spy-vs-spy-the-analytic-challenge-of-understanding-chinese-intelligence-services/,Clear understanding of Chinese intelligence serves more than the CI mission.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ABC5LQ6Q,2012-09-01,Peter L. Mattis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:42:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3254,Edging in From the Cold: The Past and Present State of Chinese Intelligence Historiography,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-3/edging-in-from-the-cold-the-past-and-present-state-of-chinese-intelligence-historiography/,There is a much western scholarly backyard: the evolution of China’s intelligence and security services and the role they played in enabling the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to win and secure national power in the 20th century.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IXY2Y65U,2012-09-01,David Ian Chambers,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:41:22Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3255,"Intelligence After the “Great War”: Captain John A. Gade, US Navy: An Early Advocate of Central Intelligence",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-3/intelligence-after-the-great-war-captain-john-a-gade-us-navy-an-early-advocate-of-central-intelligence/,"Gade’s most notable intelligence was his recommendation, made in 1929, to establish a national intelligence organization to coordinate intelligence activities and provide analysis",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AGY99CKX,2012-09-01,Patrick Devenny,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:39:54Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3256,"A Personal Perspective The Evolution of Intelligence Reform, 2002–2004",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-3/a-personal-perspective-the-evolution-of-intelligence-reform-2002-2004/,he basic issues were: How much centralized managerial authority was required? Where should this authority be located in the government?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/24VEBBYQ,2012-09-01,Philip Zelikow,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:38:38Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3257,Intelligence Analysis: Behavioral and Social Scientific Foundations,Book,http://www.nap.edu/catalog/13062,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DY7366UT,2011-03-08,"Baruch Fischhoff, Cherie Chauvin",National Academies Press,,2024-02-12T10:32:53Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.17226/13062,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4242150106,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242150106,2016.0,2022.0,2011.0,,5.0 3258,Cases in Intelligence Analysis: Structured Analytic Techniques in Action,Book,https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/cases-in-intelligence-analysis/book242321,"In Cases in Intelligence Analysis, accomplished instructors and intelligence practitioners Sarah Miller Beebe and Randolph H. Pherson offer robust, class-tested cases studies of events in foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, terrorism, homeland security, law enforcement, and decision-making support. In this Second Edition, the authors added five new case studies. Designed to give analysts-in-training an opportunity to apply structured analytic techniques and tackle real-life problems, each turnkey case delivers a captivating narrative, discussion questions, recommended readings, and a series of engaging analytic exercises. The text is logically organized and richly illustrated[SMB1] ; chapters begin with discussion questions, and a table of techniques precedes each set of exercises. Two hundred photos, maps, figures, tables, boxes, key terms and key takeaways, and technique templates support analysis and instruction.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JUAFJNNG,2014-08-01,"Sarah Miller Beebe, Randolph H. Pherson",SAGE Publishing,,2024-02-12T10:30:11Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3259,A Defection Case that Marked the Times,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-56-no-4/a-defection-case-that-marked-the-times-pdf-41-5kb/,"A key aspect of immutable despite the dramatic changes of the final years of the Cold War—the complex, often frustrating relationship between case officer and source.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S23UKEKX,2012-12-01,John Tellaray,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:28:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3260,Privileged and Confidential: The Secret History of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board,Book,https://www.kentuckypress.com/9780813136080/privileged-and-confidential,"Above the politics and ideological battles of Washington, D.C., is a committee that meets behind locked doors and leaves its paper trail in classified files. The President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB) is one of the most secretive and potentially influential segments of the U.S. intelligence community. Established in 1956, the PIAB advises the president about intelligence collection, analysis, and estimates, and about the legality of foreign intelligence activities. Privileged and Confidential: The Secret History of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board is the first and only study of the PIAB. Foreign policy veterans Kenneth Michael Absher, Michael C. Desch, and Roman Popadiuk trace the board's history from Eisenhower through Obama and evaluate its effectiveness under each president. Created to be an independent panel of nonpartisan experts, the PIAB has become increasingly susceptible to politics in recent years and has lost some of its influence. Absher, Desch, and Popadiuk, however, clearly demonstrate the board's potential to offer a unique and valuable perspective on intelligence issues. Privileged and Confidential not only illuminates a little-known element of U.S. intelligence operations but also offers suggestions for enhancing a critical executive function.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6SII4QRH,2012-09-01,"Kenneth M. Absher, Michael C. Desch, Roman Popadiuk",University Press of Kentucky,,2024-02-12T10:22:33Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3261,An Alternative Framework for Agent Recruitment: From MICE to RASCLS,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-1/an-alternative-framework-for-agent-recruitment-from-mice-to-rascls/,Today’s [agent] recruiters must learn and use the significant breakthroughs in understanding of human motivations and the means for influencing them that have occurred since the early 1980s.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3RZL25TH,2013-03-01,Randy P. Burkett,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:20:46Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3262,The Early Evolution of the Predator Drone,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-1/the-early-evolution-of-the-predator-drone/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7KLQGLGW,2013-03-01,Frank Strickland,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:19:10Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3263,Historical Dictionary of Signals Intelligence,Book,https://www.universitypressofamerica.com/ISBN/9780810873919/Historical-Dictionary-of-Signals-Intelligence,"Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) encompasses the various disciplines of wireless interception, cryptanalysis, communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, direction-finding, and traffic analysis. It has become the basis upon which all combat operations are undertaken. It is now widely recognized as an absolutely vital dimension to modern warfare and it has proved to be a vital component in the counter-intelligence war fought between the West and Soviet bloc intelligence agencies. The Historical Dictionary of Signals Intelligence covers the history of SIGINT through a chronology, an introductory essay, an appendix, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on key personnel, SIGINT technology, intelligence operations, and agencies, as well as the tradecraft and jargon. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Signals Intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N6VINEIJ,2012-08-01,Nigel West,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-02-12T10:09:45Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3264,Counterintelligence in Counterguerrilla Operations,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/e264b24946280c4e99ef2e5dae40514b/counterintel-in-counterguerilla-ops.pdf,"By the end of 1962, the administration of President John F. Kennedy had committed more than 11,000 US military advisors to train and assist the military and police forces of the Republic of South Vietnam in combating a growing communist insurgency. The Central Intelligence Agency, involved in Vietnam since 1954, had also committed several score field operators to raise and lead village militia units in anti guerilla warfare in the countryside, most successfully in the Central Highlands. A different type of conflict from anything seen earlier in the 20th century by US mili tary forces accustomed to large-scale conventional conflicts such as World War I, World War II, and Korea, counterguerrilla warfare as developing in Southeast Asia was something relatively new. It was not until late 1961 and early 1962 that the US Army began developing a coherent counterinsurgency doctrine, encapsulated in FM 31-21, Guerilla Warfare and Special Forces Operations, to inform their operations. The CIA had more experience at waging such conflicts, which were seen as part of its core covert action mission—these actions were always covert and on much smaller scales than their armed forces colleagues had ever attempted. Americans in general, however, had a steep learning curve to overcome in becoming proficient at waging counterinsurgency warfare—then known as counterguerrilla warfare—and in under standing the intelligence and counterintelligence aspects involved. This article by M. H. Schiattareggia, the penname of a CIA operations officer with military, counterguerrilla, and intelligence experience, first appeared as a classified article in Studies in Intelligence in the summer of 1962. (It was declassified in 1995.) The work delves into the history of past insurgencies as a means of educating intelli gence officers of the day who could expect in the years ahead to find themselves serv ing in Southeast Asian war zones. As one of the first articles on the topic to appear in Studies in Intelligence, it hints at operational concepts that would become a major part of the CIA’s efforts later in the decade when eradication of the Viet Cong infrastructure, the winning of peasant “hearts and minds,” and rural security became foremost US goals. Of special note, Schiattareggia surveyed the classics of guerrilla warfare literature produced by its most famous theorists to that time, those who would become household names to Amer icans during the later Vietnam War. Knowing how one’s adversaries think and operate, the author maintains, is the first step towards defeating them",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2R5LNUN2,2013-06-01,M. H. Schiattareggia,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:07:58Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3265,Managing the “Reliability Cycle”: An Alternative Approach to Thinking About Intelligence Failure,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-2/managing-the-reliability-cycle-an-alternative-approach-to-thinking-about-intelligence-failure/,The IC should consider applying the lessons High Reliability Organizations have learned in thinking about failures of intelligence analysis.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XKBMNGB3,2013-06-01,Scott J. Hatch,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:06:34Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3266,"The Growth of China’s Air Defenses: Responding to Covert Overflights, 1949–1974",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-2/the-growth-of-chinas-air-defenses-responding-to-covert-overflights-1949-1974/,One constant kept Chinese air force leadership focused: intrusions into PRC airspace by US and ROC reconnaissance aircraft gathering information on China’s growing military and nuclear and missile programs.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EYPBGU7H,2013-06-01,Bob Bergin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T10:04:37Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3267,"In Plain Sight: Felix A. Sommerfeld, Spymaster in Mexico, 1908 to 1914",Book,https://www.henselstoneverlag.com/in-plain-sight,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KIJQXJPR,2012-11-01,Heribert von Feilitzsch,Henselstone Verlag LLC,,2024-02-12T09:50:32Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3268,Tacit Knowledge as a Factor in the Proliferation of WMD: The Example of Nuclear Weapons,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-3/tacit-knowledge-as-a-factor-in-the-proliferation-of-wmd-the-example-of-nuclear-weapons/,"How important is tacit knowledge to the task, and how essential is such knowledge in the proliferation of such weapons?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7SW6KQWU,2013-09-01,Michael A. Dennis,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T09:39:30Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3269,"The Need for Greater Multidisciplinary, Sociotechnical Analysis: The Bioweapons Case",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-3/the-need-for-greater-multidisciplinary-sociotechnical-analysis-the-bioweapons-case/,"Until fundamental issues are examined in depth, intelligence analysts will face blind spots in their bioweapons assessments, which may lead to future intelligence failures and poor national and international security policymaking.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SZJ6DD53,2013-09-01,Kathleen M. Vogel,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-12T09:34:38Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3270,Spy chief turned right-wing extremist? The political hopes of Germany's Hans-Georg Maassen,Newspaper article,https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/europe/2024-02-11/ty-article-magazine/.premium/german-spy-chief-turned-right-wing-extremist-hans-georg-maassens-political-aspirations/0000018d-8941-d443-a19f-fdd138f20000,"He was Germany's top neo-Nazi-hunter. Now Hans-Georg Maassen is being monitored as an extremist himself, by the security agency he used to lead, and dreaming of imminent political victory for his conservative splinter party the Werteunion",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q5DP3VL9,2024-02-11,Muriel Kalisch,,Haaretz,2024-02-12T09:21:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3271,Spying in America: Espionage from the Revolutionary War to the Dawn of the Cold War,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spying-in-America,"Can you keep a secret? Maybe you can, but the United States government cannot. Since the birth of the country, nations large and small, from Russia and China to Ghana and Ecuador, have stolen the most precious secrets of the United States. Written by Michael Sulick, former director of CIA’s clandestine service, Spying in America presents a history of more than thirty espionage cases inside the United States. These cases include Americans who spied against their country, spies from both the Union and Confederacy during the Civil War, and foreign agents who ran operations on American soil. Some of the stories are familiar, such as those of Benedict Arnold and Julius Rosenberg, while others, though less well known, are equally fascinating. From the American Revolution, through the Civil War and two World Wars, to the atomic age of the Manhattan Project, Sulick details the lives of those who have betrayed America’s secrets. In each case he focuses on the motivations that drove these individuals to spy, their access and the secrets they betrayed, their tradecraft or techniques for concealing their espionage, their exposure and punishment, and the damage they ultimately inflicted on America’s national security. Spying in America serves as the perfect introduction to the early history of espionage in America. Sulick’s unique experience as a senior intelligence officer is evident as he skillfully guides the reader through these cases of intrigue, deftly illustrating the evolution of American awareness about espionage and the fitful development of American counterespionage leading up to the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/39GZI99Y,2012-11-01,Michael J. Sulick,Georgetown University Press,,2024-02-11T23:44:59Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'DS3WDJUS', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3272,American Spies: Espionage against the United States from the Cold War to the Present,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/American-Spies,"A history of Americans who spied against their country and what their stories reveal about national security What's your secret? American Spies presents the stunning histories of more than forty Americans who spied against their country during the past six decades. Michael Sulick, former head of the CIA's clandestine service, illustrates through these stories—some familiar, others much less well known—the common threads in the spy cases and the evolution of American attitudes toward espionage since the onset of the Cold War. After highlighting the accounts of many who have spied for traditional adversaries such as Russian and Chinese intelligence services, Sulick shows how spy hunters today confront a far broader spectrum of threats not only from hostile states but also substate groups, including those conducting cyberespionage. Sulick reveals six fundamental elements of espionage in these stories: the motivations that drove them to spy; their access and the secrets they betrayed; their tradecraft, or the techniques of concealing their espionage; their exposure; their punishment; and, finally, the damage they inflicted on America's national security. The book is the sequel to Sulick's popular Spying in America: Espionage from the Revolutionary War to the Dawn of the Cold War. Together they serve as a basic introduction to understanding America's vulnerability to espionage, which has oscillated between peacetime complacency and wartime vigilance, and continues to be shaped by the inherent conflict between our nation's security needs and our commitment to the preservation of civil liberties. Now available in paperback, with a new preface that brings the conversation up to the present, American Spies is as insightful and relevant as ever.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4F3662IV,2013-10-01,Michael J. Sulick,Georgetown University Press,,2024-02-11T23:43:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3273,"Iraqi Human Intelligence Collection on Iran’s Nuclear Weapons Program, 1980–2003",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-4/iraqi-human-intelligence-collection-on-irans-nuclear-weapons-program-1980-2003/,"Well before the United States and the Western world first questioned Iran’s nuclear goals, members of Iraq’s intelligence services had recruited high-level Iranian officials and individuals involved in Tehran’s nuclear program.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5YPF66R6,2013-12-01,Anonymous Anonymous,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:41:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3274,Needed: More Thinking about Conceptual Frameworks for Analysis—The Case of Influence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-4/the-case-of-influence/,"The concept of influence is fundamental to policymakers trying to shape events, but it is only one of many conceptual frameworks that analysts could usefully develop and incorporate in their analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A83GHGHZ,2013-12-01,Jason U. Manosevitz,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:40:11Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3275,Rethinking the President’s Daily Intelligence Brief,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-57-no-4/rethinking-the-presidents-daily-intelligence-brief/,"The expanded use of and other new technologies has dramatic implications for those who create, deliver, and use the PDB, with exciting possibilities for the establishment of even more intimate and effective IC engagement with top-level leaders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D55UYB84,2013-12-01,"C. Lawrence Meador, Vinton G. Cerf",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:38:27Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3276,"‘Inexpensive to us and yet very valuable to the impoverished Albanian people’: Covert Foreign Aid and the Anglo-American Subversion of Albania, 1951-55",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2023.2268537,"In 1949, Washington and London launched the inaugural Cold War covert action in the Soviet bloc against Albania. Regarded internally as a ‘test case’, the CIA and MI6 used food and material aid in Operation BGFiend/Valuable to subvert Enver Hoxha’s regime, supplementing print and radio propaganda. The US, in particular, attempted to weaponise covert aid, inverting the defensive qualities of its overt counterpart. Although Western officials believed in aid’s potential at the outset, tactical and geopolitical challenges damaged its reputation as an effective subversive weapon. This had a long-term impact as aid was discarded in later covert action operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6MVC6XH5,2024-02-08,Stephen Long,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-11T23:36:07Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/14682745.2023.2268537,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391685391,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391685391,2023.0,2024.0,2024.0,,-1.0 3277,Blinking Red: Crisis and Compromise in American Intelligence after 9/11,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-1/blinking-red-crisis-and-compromise-in-american-intelligence-after-9-11/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PABIG42B,2014-03-01,Roger George,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:08:23Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3278,Leading the Defense Intelligence Community: The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence: The First 10 Years,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-1/leading-the-defense-intelligence-community-the-office-of-the-under-secretary-of-defense-for-intelligence-the-first-10-years/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TFNVH8NV,2014-03-01,Janet A. McDonnell,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:07:39Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3279,Document Exploitation After WW II: The Potsdam Archive—Sorting Through 19 Linear Miles of German Records,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-1/document-exploitation-after-ww-ii-the-potsdam-archive-sorting-through-19-linear-miles-of-german-records/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZW87DL43,2014-03-01,Gerhardt B. Thamm,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:06:32Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3280,"The British Capture of Washington, DC, 1814",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-2/the-british-capture-of-washington-dc-1814/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MLU5GHKP,2014-06-01,William T. Weber,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:04:49Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3281,OSS Double-Agent Operations in World War II,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-2/oss-double-agent-operations-in-world-war-ii/,The OSS counterintelligence division known as X-2 was responsible for identifying and neutralizing German intelligence activity abroad,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F52BB9H8,2014-06-01,Robert Cowden,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:03:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3282,"Recovery of the Last GAMBIT and HEXAGON Film Buckets from Space, August–October 1984",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-2/recovery-of-the-last-gambit-and-hexagon-film-buckets-from-space-august-october-1984/,The year 2014 marks the 30th anniversary of America’s last film-return reconnaissance satellite missions.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/79SUHYXZ,2014-06-01,David W. Waltrop,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:02:19Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3283,"The 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333, United States Intelligence Activities",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-2/the-2008-amendments-to-executive-order-12333-united-states-intelligence-activities/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MCVQCFNA,2014-06-01,Stephen B. Slick,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T23:01:16Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3284,Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America,Book,https://www.littlebrown.co.uk/titles/annie-jacobsen-3/operation-paperclip/9781619691537/,"In the chaos following WWII, many of Germany's remaining resources were divvied up among allied forces. Some of the greatest spoils were the Third Reich's sc...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QV6APQVH,2014-02-27,Annie Jacobsen,"Little, Brown Book Group",,2024-02-11T22:59:11Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3285,Secrets and Leaks: The Dilemma of State Secrecy,Book,https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691168180/secrets-and-leaks,"Secrets and Leaks examines the complex relationships among executive power, national security, and secrecy. State secrecy is vital for national security, but it can also be used to conceal wrongdoing. How then can we ensure that this power is used responsibly? Typically, the onus is put on lawmakers and judges, who are expected to oversee the executive. Yet because these actors lack access to the relevant information and the ability to determine the harm likely to be caused by its disclosure, they often defer to the executive’s claims about the need for secrecy. As a result, potential abuses are more often exposed by unauthorized disclosures published in the press. But should such disclosures, which violate the law, be condoned? Drawing on several cases, Rahul Sagar argues that though whistleblowing can be morally justified, the fear of retaliation usually prompts officials to act anonymously—that is, to “leak” information. As a result, it becomes difficult for the public to discern when an unauthorized disclosure is intended to further partisan interests. Because such disclosures are the only credible means of checking the executive, Sagar writes, they must be tolerated, and, at times, even celebrated. However, the public should treat such disclosures skeptically and subject irresponsible journalism to concerted criticism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5ZIUEDFZ,2016-05-10,Rahul Sagar,Princeton University Press,,2024-02-11T22:55:39Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3286,The Unresolved Tension between Warriors and Journalists during the Civil War,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-3/the-unresolved-tension-between-warriors-and-journalists-during-the-civil-war-pdf-1-5mb/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SX2A4EQQ,2014-09-01,Randy D. Ferryman,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T22:54:21Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3287,Field Unit 12 Takes New Technology to War in the Southwest Pacific,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-3/field-unit-12-takes-new-technology-to-war-in-the-southwest-pacific-pdf-1-4mb/,"By making an emerging technology work to good effect, the men of Field Unit 12 contributed to the evolution of technological intelligence in modern warfare.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QXMQSAQ3,2014-09-01,Kevin Davies,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T22:53:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3288,"CIA’s Covert Operations in the Congo, 1960–1968: Insights from Newly Declassified Documents",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-3/cias-covert-operations-in-the-congo-1960-1968-insights-from-newly-declassified-documents-pdf-454-6kb/,A comprehensive set of primary sources about CIA activities in the Congo has not been available until now.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CIFUXHQX,2014-09-01,David Robarge,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T22:51:58Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3289,A Tale of Two Semi-Submersible Submarines,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-4/a-tale-of-two-semi-submersible-submarines/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LXQDN2SL,2014-12-01,"Jim Anderson, Dirk A. D. Smith",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T20:48:49Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3290,The IC’s Struggle to Express Analytic Uncertainty in the 1970s,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-4/the-ics-struggle-to-express-analytic-uncertainty-in-the-1970s/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CCAMPZHR,2014-12-01,James Marchio,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T20:30:09Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3291,Counterterrorism Professionals Reflect on Their Work,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-58-no-4/counterterrorism-professionals-reflect-on-their-work/,"Entering its 60th year of exploring the work of intelligence, this journal has served to illuminate many aspects of the profession and its people. Most often it has addressed the field’s history, its methods, and future development. Less often have Studies authors examined the personal and psychological impact on intelligence professionals of the work itself. In this article, clinical psychologist Dr. Ursula Wilder explores the impact on counterterrorism professionals of the high intensity and high stress environments in which most of them have functioned, often for many years. For some, the work has involved actual combat or engagement with terrorists and their violent acts; for others it has meant bearing the weight of making decisions that affect many lives; and for still another group it has involved the intellectual labor of piercing through masses of intelligence reports and great uncertainty to locate terrorists or to warn others of potential terrorist acts. While consideration of such questions may be relatively new to Studies, the examination of the effects on human psychology of violence and difficult decisions is as old as recorded history, appearing in the West, for example, in works attributed to Homer and Shakespeare. Addressing war’s consequences, moral dilemmas for leaders and led, the continuing presence in human memory and behavior of experience in violence, and the interaction of combat veterans with those who stayed home, these masterworks would provide insights for Dr. Jonathan Shay, the prominent early US researcher on posttraumatic stress in the Veteran’s Administration, whose books on the subject, Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character (1994) and Odysseus in America: Combat Trauma and the Trials of Homecoming (2002), would have great impact on this editor’s understanding of his own responses to service in Vietnam as a young Marine infantry officer nearly 50 years ago. Shay’s work would also spearhead a great deal of new scientific study—some of it highlighted in the appendix to this article—that seeks to refine the understanding of trauma, both under conditions that resemble battlefields and in high stress workplaces that focus on the kinds of issues and events that CT professionals, including intelligence offi cers, follow.—Editor.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LKTFSM8W,2014-12-01,Ursula M. Wilder,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T20:28:13Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3292,A Spy Among Friends,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/spy-among-friends-9781408851784/,"Kim Philby was the most notorious British defector and Soviet mole in history. Agent, double agent, charmer and traitor, he betrayed every secret of Allied operations to the Russians in the early years of the Cold War. In the aftermath of the Second World War, Philby, Nicholas Elliott and James Jesus Angleton were rising stars in the intelligence world and shared every secret. Elliott and Angleton thought they knew Philby better than anyone - and then discovered they had not known him at all. This is a story of loyalty, trust and treachery, class and conscience, of male friendships forged, and then systematically betrayed. With access to newly released MI5 files and previously unseen papers, A Spy Among Friends unlocks what is perhaps the last great secret of the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5UDEWZ6,2015--03-12,Ben Macintyre,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-11T14:30:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3293,Autonomous Systems in the Intelligence Community: Many Possibilities and Challenges,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-1/autonomous-systems-in-the-intelligence-community-many-possibilities-and-challenges/,"Advantages that autonomous systems could provide for intelligence purposes include movement through varied terrain and environments, stealth, persistent surveillance, and data processing.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/46BFSKMI,2015-03-01,"Jenny R. Holzer, Franklin L. Moses",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T14:25:45Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3294,The War in Laos: The Fall of Lima Site 85 in March 1968,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-1/the-war-in-laos-the-fall-of-lima-site-85-in-march-1968/,"Published in an unclassified edition of Studies in Intelligence in 1995, this article is one of the earliest public accounts given of Lima Site 85 and the successful North Vietnamese attack against it on 10 and 11 March 1968. The most definitive account, based on extensive interviews and documentation, appeared five years later in a book by former CIA and Intelligence Community historian Timothy Castle, One Day Too Long: Top Secret Site 85 and the Bombing of North Vietnam (Columbia University Press). This article is part of a forthcoming compendium of Studies articles related to the conflict in Southeast Asia that will be published in support of Defense Department efforts to mark the passage of 50 years since that conflict took place. —Editor",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/58GN27W6,2015-03-01,James C. Linder,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T14:23:06Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3295,Lessons from the USS Pueblo and EC-121 Incidents—1968 and 1969,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-1/lessons-from-the-uss-pueblo-and-ec-121-incidents-1968-and-1969/,"The two incidents are best considered together because they reveal related systemic flaws in indications and warning, intelligence analysis, military planning, and command and control.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J6NNVZ25,2015-03-01,Richard A. Mobley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T14:21:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3296,Listening in : RAF electronic intelligence gathering since 1945,Book,https://www.brownsbfs.co.uk/Product/Forster-Dave/Listening-in---RAF-electronic-intelligence-gathering-since-1945/9781902109381,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8BAA5ERJ,2014-07-31,"Dave Forster, Chris Gibson",Brown Books Publishing Group,,2024-02-11T14:19:52Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3297,Application of the Critical-Path Method to Evaluate Insider Risks,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-2/application-of-the-critical-path-method-to-evaluate-insider-risks/,"But when [past] cases are reviewed in depth, it becomes clear that a lack of appreciation exists for the factors that increase the risk that insiders will undertake hostile acts against their organizations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NUMER48Y,2015-06-01,"Eric Shaw, Laura Sellers",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T14:16:29Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3298,Operation MILLPOND: The Beginning of a Distant Covert War,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-2/operation-millpond-the-beginning-of-a-distant-covert-war/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J6CA4Y7X,2015-06-01,Timothy N. Castle,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T14:12:52Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3299,The Foundations of Anglo-American Intelligence Sharing,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/cdcccb0d9b0ea3e678092a14064a9b7b/Foundations-of-Anglo-American.pdf,"If there was one con stant to any account of post-war British foreign policy it is the centrality of the United States. In the past 20 years, the importance and role of the intelligence relationship that underpin this factor has become more prevalent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JFQ576H7,2015-06-01,Michael S. Goodman,,Studies in Intelligence,2023-12-26T19:13:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3300,"Change and Continuity: The National Intelligence Council, 2009–2014",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-2/change-and-continuity-the-national-intelligence-council-2009-2014/,Government institutions change in response to the times. And so it was at the National Intelligence Council during the five years I had the privilege to serve as its chairman.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PLDSWZ73,2015-06-01,Christopher A. Kojm,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T14:10:28Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3301,Colonel House: A Biography of Woodrow Wilson's Silent Partner,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/colonel-house-9780195045505?cc=us&lang=en&,"A man who lived his life mostly in the shadows, Edward M. House is little known or remembered today; yet he was one of the most influential figures of the Wilson presidency. Wilson's chief political advisor, House played a key role in international diplomacy, and had a significant hand in crafting the Fourteen Points at the Paris Peace Conference. Though the intimate friendship between the president and his advisor ultimately unraveled in the wake of these negotiations, House's role in the Wilson administration had a lasting impact on 20th century international politics. In this seminal biography, Charles E. Neu details the life of ""Colonel"" House, a Texas landowner who rose to become one of the century's greatest political operators. Ambitious and persuasive, House worked largely behind the scenes, developing ties of loyalty and using patronage to rally party workers behind his candidates. In 1911 he met Woodrow Wilson, and almost immediately the two formed what would become one of the most famous friendships in American political history.House became a high-level political intermediary in the Wilson administration, proving particularly adept at managing the intangible realm of human relations. After World War I erupted, House, realizing the complexity of the struggle and the dangers and opportunities it posed for the United States, began traveling to and from Europe as the president's personal representative. Eventually he helped Wilson recognize the need to devise a way to end the war that would place the United States at the center of a new world order. In this balanced account, Neu shows that while House was a resourceful and imaginative diplomat, his analysis of wartime politics was erratic. He relied too heavily on personal contacts, often exaggerating his accomplishments and missing the larger historical forces that shaped the policies of the warring powers. Ultimately, as the Paris Peace Conference unfolded, differences appeared between Wilson and his counselor. Their divergent views on the negotiations led to a bitter split, and after the president left France in June of 1919, he would never see House again.Despite this break, Neu refutes the idea that Wilson and House were antagonists. They shared the same beliefs and aspirations and were, Neu shows, part of an unusual partnership. As an organizer, tactician, and confidant, House helped to make possible Wilson's achievements, and this impressive biography restores the enigmatic counselor to his place at the center of that presidency. , A man who lived his life mostly in the shadows, Edward M. House is little known or remembered today; yet he was one of the most influential figures of the Wilson presidency. Wilson's chief political advisor, House played a key role in international diplomacy, and had a significant hand in crafting the Fourteen Points at the Paris Peace Conference. Though the intimate friendship between the president and his advisor ultimately unraveled in the wake of these negotiations, House's role in the Wilson administration had a lasting impact on 20th century international politics. In this seminal biography, Charles E. Neu details the life of ""Colonel"" House, a Texas landowner who rose to become one of the century's greatest political operators. Ambitious and persuasive, House worked largely behind the scenes, developing ties of loyalty and using patronage to rally party workers behind his candidates. In 1911 he met Woodrow Wilson, and almost immediately the two formed what would become one of the most famous friendships in American political history.House became a high-level political intermediary in the Wilson administration, proving particularly adept at managing the intangible realm of human relations. After World War I erupted, House, realizing the complexity of the struggle and the dangers and opportunities it posed for the United States, began traveling to and from Europe as the president's personal representative. Eventually he helped Wilson recognize the need to devise a way to end the war that would place the United States at the center of a new world order. In this balanced account, Neu shows that while House was a resourceful and imaginative diplomat, his analysis of wartime politics was erratic. He relied too heavily on personal contacts, often exaggerating his accomplishments and missing the larger historical forces that shaped the policies of the warring powers. Ultimately, as the Paris Peace Conference unfolded, differences appeared between Wilson and his counselor. Their divergent views on the negotiations led to a bitter split, and after the president left France in June of 1919, he would never see House again.Despite this break, Neu refutes the idea that Wilson and House were antagonists. They shared the same beliefs and aspirations and were, Neu shows, part of an unusual partnership. As an organizer, tactician, and confidant, House helped to make possible Wilson's achievements, and this impressive biography restores the enigmatic counselor to his place at the center of that presidency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CUF79HAI,2014-12-31,Charles E. Neu,Oxford University Press,,2024-02-11T14:08:25Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3302,Covering Coups in Saigon in the Early 1960s,Journal article,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M7QRDF79,2015-09-01,George W. Allen,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T14:05:51Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3303,Cooperation and Integration among Australia’s National Security Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-3/cooperation-and-integration-among-australias-national-security-community/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LERNNPJ6,2015-09-01,Aaron P. Waddell,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T14:03:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3304,Rethinking the Concept of Global Coverage in the US Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-3/rethinking-the-concept-of-global-coverage-in-the-us-intelligence-community/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5JF5X3S7,2015-09-01,John A. Kringern,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T14:02:05Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3305,Surveillance and Spies in the Civil War: Exposing Confederate Conspiracies in America’s Heartland,Book,https://www.ohioswallow.com/9780821421031/surveillance-and-spies-in-the-civil-war,"Surveillance and Spies in the Civil War represents pathbreaking research on the rise of U.S. Army intelligence operations in the Midwest during the American Civil War and counters long-standing assumptions about Northern politics and society. At the beginning of the rebellion, state governors in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois cooperated with federal law enforcement officials in various attempts—all failed—to investigate reports of secret groups and individuals who opposed the Union war effort. Starting in 1862, army commanders took it upon themselves to initiate investigations of antiwar sentiment in those states. By 1863, several of them had established intelligence operations staffed by hired civilian detectives and by soldiers detailed from their units to chase down deserters and draft dodgers, to maintain surveillance on suspected persons and groups, and to investigate organized resistance to the draft. By 1864, these spies had infiltrated secret organizations that, sometimes in collaboration with Confederate rebels, aimed to subvert the war effort. Stephen E. Towne is the first to thoroughly explore the role and impact of Union spies against Confederate plots in the North. This new analysis invites historians to delve more deeply into the fabric of the Northern wartime experience and reinterpret the period based on broader archival evidence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ENYZEYW3,2014-12-01,Stephen E. Towne,Ohio University Press,,2024-02-11T13:11:12Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3306,"Spies, Patriots, and Traitors: American Intelligence in the Revolutionary War",Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spies-Patriots-and-Traitors,"Students and enthusiasts of American history are familiar with the Revolutionary War spies Nathan Hale and Benedict Arnold, but few studies have closely examined the wider intelligence efforts that enabled the colonies to gain their independence. Spies, Patriots, and Traitors provides readers with a fascinating, well-documented, and highly readable account of American intelligence activities during the era of the Revolutionary War, from 1765 to 1783, while describing the intelligence sources and methods used and how our Founding Fathers learned and practiced their intelligence role. The author, a retired CIA officer, provides insights into these events from an intelligence professional’s perspective, highlighting the tradecraft of intelligence collection, counterintelligence, and covert actions and relating how many of the principles of the era’s intelligence practice are still relevant today. Kenneth A. Daigler reveals the intelligence activities of famous personalities such as Samuel Adams, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Nathan Hale, John Jay, and Benedict Arnold, as well as many less well-known figures. He examines the important role of intelligence in key theaters of military operations, such as Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and in General Nathanael Greene’s campaign in South Carolina; the role of African Americans in the era’s intelligence activities; undertakings of networks such as the Culper Ring; and intelligence efforts and paramilitary actions conducted abroad. Spies, Patriots, and Traitors adds a new dimension to our understanding of the American Revolution. The book’s scrutiny of the tradecraft and management of Revolutionary War intelligence activities will be of interest to students, scholars, intelligence professionals, and anyone who wants to learn more about this fascinating era of American history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXGSJ5JH,2014-04-01,Kenneth A. Daigler,Georgetown University Press,,2024-02-11T13:06:34Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3307,The Great War of Our Time: The CIA's Fight Against Terrorism--From al Qa'ida to ISIS,Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/michael-morell/the-great-war-of-our-time/9781455585670/,"Like See No Evil and At the Center of the Storm, this is a vivid and gripping account of the Central Intelligence Agency, a life of secrets, and a war in the shadows. Called the “Bob Gates of his generation” by Politico, Michael Morell was a top CIA officer who played a critical role in the most important counterterrorism events of the past two decades. Morell was by President Bush’s side on 9/11/01 when terrorists struck America and in the White House Situation Room advising President Obama on 5/1/11 when America struck back-killing Usama bin Ladin. From the subway bombings in London to the terrorist attacks in Benghazi, Morell always seemed to find himself on the cusp of history. A superb intelligence analyst and briefer, Morell now presents The Great War of Our Time, where he uses his talents to offer an unblinking and insightful assessment of CIA’s counterterrorism successes and failures of the past twenty years and, perhaps most important, shows readers that the threat of terrorism did not die with Bin Ladin in Abbottabad. Morell illuminates new, growing threats from terrorist groups that, if unaddressed, could leave the country vulnerable to attacks that would dwarf 9/11 in magnitude. He writes of secret, back-channel negotiations he conducted with foreign spymasters and regime leaders in a desperate attempt to secure a peaceful outcome to unrest launched during the “Arab Spring.” Morell describes how efforts to throw off the shackles of oppression have too often resulted in broken nation states unable or unwilling to join the fight against terrorism. Along the way Morell provides intimate portraits of the leadership styles of figures ranging from Presidents Bush and Obama, CIA directors Tenet, Goss, Hayden, Petraeus, Panetta, and Brennan, and a host of others.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7TQE3IL9,2016-08-16,Michael Morell,Twelve,,2024-02-11T13:03:13Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3308,The Intelligence Role in Counterinsurgency: Proposed Planning Guide in Four Phases of “National Liberation” Wars,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-4/the-intelligence-role-in-counterinsurgency-proposed-planning-guide-in-four-phases-of-national-liberation-wars/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L7H7P4RH,2015-12-01,Walter Steinmeyer,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T12:58:58Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3309,"Bitter Memories: The Fall of Saigon, April 1975",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-4/bitter-memories-the-fall-of-saigon-april-1975/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IK2PZPM6,2015-12-01,Tom Glenn,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T12:56:42Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3310,The Case for Using Robots in Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-59-no-4/the-case-for-using-robots-in-intelligence-analysis/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LTLQVTNH,2015-12-01,Puong Fei Yeh,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T12:54:38Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3311,"Avenue of Spies: A True Story of Terror, Espionage, and One American Family’s Heroic Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Paris",Book,https://crownpublishing.com/archives/feature/read-excerpt-alex-kershaws-avenue-spies,"The best-selling author of The Liberator brings to life the incredible true story of an American doctor in Paris, and his heroic espionage efforts during World War II. The leafy Avenue Foch, one of the most exclusive residential streets in Nazi-occupied France, was Paris's hotbed of daring spies, murderous secret police, amoral informers, and Vichy collaborators. So when American physician Sumner Jackson, who lived with his wife and young son Phillip at Number 11, found himself drawn into the Liberation network of the French resistance, he knew the stakes were impossibly high. Just down the road at Number 31 was the ""mad sadist"" Theodor Dannecker, an Eichmann protégé charged with deporting French Jews to concentration camps. And Number 84 housed the Parisian headquarters of the Gestapo, run by the most effective spy hunter in Nazi Germany. From his office at the American Hospital, itself an epicenter of Allied and Axis intrigue, Jackson smuggled fallen Allied fighter pilots safely out of France, a job complicated by the hospital director's close ties to collaborationist Vichy. After witnessing the brutal round-up of his Jewish friends, Jackson invited Liberation to officially operate out of his home at Number 11--but the noose soon began to tighten. When his secret life was discovered by his Nazi neighbors, he and his family were forced to undertake a journey into the dark heart of the war-torn continent from which there was little chance of return. Drawing upon a wealth of primary source material and extensive interviews with Phillip Jackson, Alex Kershaw recreates the City of Light during its darkest days. The untold story of the Jackson family anchors the suspenseful narrative, and Kershaw dazzles readers with the vivid immediacy of the best spy thrillers. Awash with the tense atmosphere of World War II's Europe, Avenue of Spies introduces us to the brave doctor who risked everything to defy Hitler.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9W6UWHGY,2016-08-02,Alex Kershaw,Crown Pub,,2024-02-11T12:46:58Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3312,The President's Book of Secrets: The Untold Story of Intelligence Briefings to America's Presidents from Kennedy to Obama,Book,,"""One of the most interesting, exhilarating, and informative aspects of the presidency was my time with the CIA analysts and my PDB briefers."" -George W. Bush, correspondence with the author, November 2012.Every day, a member of the CIA presents to the president a report detailing the most sensitive activities and analysis of world events. These can range from the behavior of America's allies to the maneuvering of its adversaries, from imminent dangers to long-term strategic opportunities, and are often based on the words of highly placed sources or the interceptions of astonishingly nimble technologies.This report - for the president's eyes only-forms the basis of the president's assessment of US intelligence and strength. The story of the President's Daily Brief-the PDB, in the jargon-is a window into the character of each president and his administration, and the degree to which his worldview and policy was shaped by the information from the security services.It is a story that could only be told by a trusted insider. David Priess served during the Bill Clinton and George W. Bush administrations as an award-winning intelligence officer, manager and daily intelligence briefer at the CIA. The CIA, despite its mission of secrecy, has diligently declassified and posted millions of pages of raw intelligence reports, analytic assessments, and memos from the late 1940s through the 1980s. These agency papers have been awaiting examination in a nondescript corner of the CIA's public website. Many more sit on an antiquated database terminal at the National Archives annex in College Park, Maryland.Few people know such documents exist. Fewer still have made the effort to dig through them as Priess has, hauling in never-before-revealed insights about the PDB. The information base for this book includes largely untapped oral histories, memoirs from PDB recipients and intelligence leaders, publicly released CIA internal studies, and tidbits about key personalities and locations from previously published works.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E5AND6DJ,2017-05-04,David Priess,PublicAffairs,,2024-02-11T12:45:08Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3313,The Swallow and Caspian Sea Monster vs. the Princess and the Camel: The Cold War Contest for a Nuclear-Powered Aircraft,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-60-no-2/the-swallow-and-caspian-sea-monster-vs-the-princess-and-the-camel-the-cold-war-contest-for-a-nuclear-powered-aircraft/,Little noted publicly— though it was the subject of continuous intelligence interest—was a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union from the mid-1950s into the early 1960s to develop a nuclear-propulsion system for aircraft.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4YMAVYCC,2016-06-01,Raymond L. Garthoff,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T12:07:52Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3314,"The Devil's Chessboard: Allen Dulles, the Cia, and the Rise of America's Secret Government",Book,,"An explosive, headline-making portrait of Allen Dulles, the man who transformed the CIA into the most powerful--and secretive--colossus in Washington, from the founder of Salon.com and author of the New York Times bestseller Brothers.America's greatest untold story: the United States' rise to world dominance under the guile of Allen Welsh Dulles, the longest-serving director of the CIA. Drawing on revelatory new materials--including newly discovered U.S. government documents, U.S. and European intelligence sources, the personal correspondence and journals of Allen Dulles's wife and mistress, and exclusive interviews with the children of prominent CIA officials--Talbot reveals the underside of one of America's most powerful and influential figures.Dulles's decade as the director of the CIA--which he used to further his public and private agendas--were dark times in American politics. Calling himself ""the secretary of state of unfriendly countries,"" Dulles saw himself as above the elected law, manipulating and subverting American presidents in the pursuit of his personal interests and those of the wealthy elite he counted as his friends and clients--colluding with Nazi-controlled cartels, German war criminals, and Mafiosi in the process. Targeting foreign leaders for assassination and overthrowing nationalist governments not in line with his political aims, Dulles employed those same tactics to further his goals at home, Talbot charges, offering shocking new evidence in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.An exposé of American power that is as disturbing as it is timely, The Devil's Chessboard is a provocative and gripping story of the rise of the national security state--and the battle for America's soul.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/92WW9Q7V,2016-09-06,David Talbot,Harper Perennial,,2024-02-11T12:05:12Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3315,"When Should State Secrets Stay Secret?: Accountability, Democratic Governance, and Intelligence",Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/when-should-state-secrets-stay-secret/E1663090D7D2AA4F29A6F32B992FBC71,"Contrary to popular assumption, the development of stronger oversight mechanisms actually leads to greater secrecy rather than the reverse. When Should State Secrets Stay Secret? examines modern trends in intelligence oversight development by focusing on how American oversight mechanisms combine to bolster an internal security system and thus increase the secrecy of the intelligence enterprise. Genevieve Lester uniquely examines how these oversight mechanisms have developed within all three branches of government, how they interact, and what types of historical pivot points have driven change among them. She disaggregates the concept of accountability into a series of specified criteria in order to grapple with these pivot points. This book concludes with a discussion of a series of normative questions, suggesting ways to improve oversight mechanisms based on the analytical criteria laid out in the analysis. It also includes a chapter on the workings of the CIA to which a number of CIA officers contributed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/89UGSEYS,2015,Genevieve Lester,Cambridge University Press,,2024-02-11T12:02:56Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1017/CBO9781107337015,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4251518117,37.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4251518117,2015.0,2025.0,2015.0,,0.0 3316,Why Bad Things Happen to Good Analysts - CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-60-no-3/why-bad-things-happen-to-good-analysts/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MV7BXLAT,2016-09-01,James B. Bruce,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T12:01:07Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3317,"Fighting Iran: Intelligence Support During Operation Earnest Will, 1987–88",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-60-no-3/fighting-iran-intelligence-support-during-operation-earnest-will-1987-88/,"Differing assessments of the risks, Iranian decisionmaking, and command and control (C2) fueled persistent controversy within the IC, frustrated some consumers, and became a matter of politicized, acrimonious congressional hearings even before the operation started.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DALRJZFG,2016-09-01,Richard A. Mobley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-11T11:59:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3318,Intercontinental lies: FSB launches disinformation and conspiracy campaign in Africa,Newspaper article,https://theins.info/en/politics/268980,"The FSB's Fifth Service has launched a disinformation campaign in Africa. Among others, the agency is spreading the conspiracy that Western pharmaceutical companies and Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates are conducting biological experiments in Africa under the cover of vaccination programs. The FSB is misinforming the population both through newly created media channels and through a network of “political technologists” affiliated with the former head of the Wagner Group, Yevgeny Prigozhin. Among them is a man who served five years in prison for a racist-motivated murder in the Moscow subway.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D2E6W6UP,2024-02-08,"Christo Grozev, Roman Dobrokhotov, Dada Lyndell",,The Insider,2024-02-10T09:12:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MQMHZUFD']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3319,"Accused Russian spy worked for U.K. intelligence, met with prime ministers and princes",Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/02/09/russian-spy-c2-afghan-british/,"The alleged spy arrived in the U.K. in 2000 as an Afghan refugee seeking asylum, then rose through the ranks of British intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CJH7J8KZ,2024-02-09,William Booth,,Washington Post,2024-02-10T09:11:58Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3320,The impact of COVID-19 on UK informant use and management,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2021.1896515,"The effect of COVID-19 on informant use and management, during the peak of the imposed Government lockdown measures was felt across English and Welsh police Dedicated Source Units. Within these restrictions, staff managing informants had to develop and then implement new strategies that delivered safe, yet effective, informant handling capacity and capability. Based on a survey of 205 respondents directly involved in the handling, control or authorisation of informants, this article examined their perceptions of the effect of COVID-19 in this highly specialised policing activity. The research findings revealed five broad themes associated with the impact of COVID-19 on informant management practices: (i) health protection; (ii) governance; (iii) innovation and technology; (iv) recruitment, communication and informant development and (v) tradecraft and intelligence. The article explored the organisational responses to initiating and maintaining informant-handler relationships and ensuring the flow of intelligence within this unique operational environment. Participants perceived that handler-informant relationships were strengthened, and also indications of a willingness to adapt policy and procedure associated with the informant management cycle: targeting, initial recruitment contact, assessment and evaluation, tasking and deployment and payment of informant rewards. It also highlighted a wider consensus that there was further scope for enhancing resilience to similar future pandemics including the use of enabling technology and responsive policy adaptation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FYLYWPTP,2021-05-28,"Ian Stanier, Jordan Nunan",Routledge,Policing and Society,2024-02-10T09:11:10Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/10439463.2021.1896515,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3134126814,15.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3134126814,2021.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/14519/8/The%20impact%20of%20COVID%2019%20on%20UK%20informant%20use%20and%20management.pdf,0.0 3321,"The Bletchley Girls-War, Secrecy, Love, and Loss: The Women of Bletchley Park Tell Their Story",Book,https://www.hodder.co.uk/titles/tessa-dunlop/the-bletchley-girls/9781444795745/,...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UQE74JQG,2019-06-06,Tessa Dunlop,Hodder & Stoughton,,2024-02-09T19:35:58Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3322,Spies in the Congo: The Race for the Ore that Built the Atomic Bomb,Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/spies-in-the-congo-2/,"Spies in the Congo is the untold story of one of the most tightly-guarded secrets of the Second World War: America’s desperate struggle to secure enough uranium to build its atomic bomb. The Shinkolobwe mine in the Belgian Congo was the most important deposit of uranium yet discovered anywhere on earth, vital to the success of the Manhattan Project. Given that Germany was also working on an atomic bomb, it was an urgent priority for the US to prevent uranium from the Congo being diverted to the enemy — a task entrusted to Washington’s elite secret intelligence agents. Sent undercover to colonial Africa to track the ore and to hunt Nazi collaborators, their assignment was made even tougher by the complex political reality and by tensions with Belgian and British officials. A gripping spy-thriller, Spies in the Congo is the true story of unsung heroism, of the handful of good men — and one woman — in Africa who were determined to deny Hitler his bomb.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PA2KKE5W,2018-05-01,Susan Williams,Hurst Publishers,,2024-02-09T19:34:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3323,The Angel: The Egyptian Spy Who Saved Israel: The Egyptian Spy Who Saved Israel,Book,https://harpercollins.co.uk/products/the-angel-the-egyptian-spy-who-saved-israel-uri-bar-joseph,"Now in paperback: A riveting feat of research and reportage hailed by the WSJ and NYTBR, The Angel explores one of the twentieth century’s most compelling spy stories: the sensational life and suspicious death of Ashraf Marwan, a top-level Egyptian official who secretly worked for Israel’s Mossad.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S8NEVVAX,2018-03-22,Uri Bar-Joseph,Harper Collins Publishers,,2024-02-09T19:30:04Z,['DHLN8GE4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3324,The “Right to Write” in the Information Age: A Look at Prepublication Review Boards,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-60-no-4/the-right-to-write-in-the-information-age-a-look-at-prepublication-review-boards/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BFXDY5F2,2016-12-01,Rebecca H.,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T19:27:27Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3325,“How good is your batting average?” Early IC Efforts To Assess the Accuracy of Estimates,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-60-no-4/how-good-is-your-batting-average-early-ic-efforts-to-assess-the-accuracy-of-estimates/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MD9X4MFE,2016-12-01,Jim Marchio,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T19:26:03Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3326,Another View of an Episode in “Why Bad Things Happen to Good Analysts”,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-60-no-4/another-view-of-an-episode-in-why-bad-things-happen-to-good-analysts/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5JBET65K,2016-12-01,Brian F. McCauley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T19:25:18Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3327,"A Convivial Excursion, “Blending experience with imagination”—A Review of The Pigeon Tunnel",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-1/a-convivial-excursion-blending-experience-with-imagination-a-review-of-the-pigeon-tunnel/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ADKLI2WV,2017-03-01,David Robarge,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T19:21:00Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3328,Private-Sector Applications of Data Science,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-1/private-sector-applications-of-data-science/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AQX8T6G4,2017-03-01,Doug Laney,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T19:19:46Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'R2V36RN8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3329,A Climb to Freedom: A Personal Journey in Virginia Hall’s Steps,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-1/a-climb-to-freedom-a-personal-journey-in-virginia-halls-steps/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S6IK2EDN,2017-03-01,Craig R. Gralley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T19:18:32Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3330,Cold War Spy Fiction in Russian Popular Culture: From Suspicion to Acceptance via Seventeen Moments of Spring,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-2/cold-war-spy-fiction-in-russian-popular-culture-from-suspicion-to-acceptance-via-seventeen-moments-of-spring/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GNYJ7BIT,2017-06-01,Erik Jens,,,2024-02-09T17:37:16Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3331,"The Office of Naval Intelligence in World War I: Diverse Threats, Divergent Responses",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-2/the-office-of-naval-intelligence-in-world-war-i-diverse-threats-divergent-responses/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q7JANJY7,2017-06-01,Eric Setzekorn,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T17:36:19Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3332,The Psychology of Espionage,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-2/the-psychology-of-espionage/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8D7FE2S,2017-06-01,Ursula M. Wilder,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T17:35:37Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3333,The Psychology of Leaking and Espionage in the Digital Age,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-2/the-psychology-of-leaking-and-espionage-in-the-digital-age/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IDJWICMF,2017-06-01,Ursula M. Wilder,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T17:34:38Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3334,From Europe to China: An OSS Veteran’s Reflections,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-3/from-europe-to-china-an-oss-veterans-reflections/,OSS reassigned some of the resources used in Europe to the China theatre—among them a number of Americans who had been members of Jedburgh teams. .,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FGTAY3AK,2017-09-01,Robert R. Kehoe,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T17:32:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3335,Sputnik and US Intelligence: The Warning Record,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-3/sputnik-and-us-intelligence-the-warning-record/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TD9X5DSS,2017-09-01,"Amy Ryan, Gary B. Keeley",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T17:30:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3336,"MacArthur’s Spies: The Soldier, The Singer, and the Spymaster Who Defied the Japanese in World War II",Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/318807/macarthurs-spies-by-peter-eisner/,"“MacArthur’s Spies reads like Casablanca set in the Pacific, filled with brave and daring characters caught up in the intrigue of war—and the best part is that it’s all true!” —Tom Maier, author of Masters of Sex A thrilling story of espionage, daring and deception set in the exotic landscape of occupied Manila during World War II. On January 2, 1942, Japanese troops marched into Manila unopposed by U.S. forces. Manila was a strategic port, a romantic American outpost and a jewel of a city. Tokyo saw its conquest of the Philippines as the key in its plan to control all of Asia, including Australia. Thousands of soldiers surrendered and were sent on the notorious eighty-mile Bataan Death March. But thousands of other Filipinos and Americans refused to surrender and hid in the Luzon hills above Bataan and Manila. MacArthur’s Spies is the story of three of them, and how they successfully foiled the Japanese for more than two years, sabotaging Japanese efforts and preparing the way for MacArthur’s return. From a jungle hideout, Colonel John Boone, an enlisted American soldier, led an insurgent force of Filipino fighters who infiltrated Manila as workers and servants to stage demolitions and attacks. “Chick” Parsons, an American businessman, polo player, and expatriate in Manila, was also a U.S. Navy intelligence officer. He escaped in the guise of a Panamanian diplomat, and returned as MacArthur’s spymaster, coordinating the guerrilla efforts with the planned Allied invasion. And, finally, there was Claire Phillips, an itinerant American torch singer with many names and almost as many husbands. Her nightclub in Manila served as a cover for supplying food to Americans in the hills and to thousands of prisoners of war. She and the men and women who worked with her gathered information from the collaborating Filipino businessmen; the homesick, English-speaking Japanese officers; and the spies who mingled in the crowd. Readers of Alan Furst and Ben Macintyre—and anyone who loves Casablanca—will relish this true tale of heroism when it counted the most.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P4GB5BZW,2018-05-01,Peter Eisner,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-09T17:20:07Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3337,Code Girls: The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers of World War II,Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/liza-mundy/code-girls/9780316352543/,"Recruited by the U.S. Army and Navy from small towns and elite colleges, more than ten thousand women served as codebreakers during World War II. While their brothers and boyfriends took up arms, these women moved to Washington and learned the meticulous work of code-breaking. Their efforts shortened the war, saved countless lives, and gave them access to careers previously denied to them. A strict vow of secrecy nearly erased their efforts from history; now, through dazzling research and interviews with surviving code girls, bestselling author Liza Mundy brings to life this riveting and vital story of American courage, service, and scientific accomplishment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LMSF2XYA,2018-10-02,Liza Mundy,Hachette Books,,2024-02-09T17:18:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3338,Intelligence Analysis: A Target-Centric Approach,Book,https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/intelligence-analysis/book274957,"Now in its Seventh Edition, Robert M. Clark's Intelligence Analysis: A Target-Centric Approach once again delivers a consistent, clear method for teaching intelligence analysis, demonstrating how a collaborative, target-centric approach leads to sharper and more effective analysis. In addition to looking at the intelligence cycle, collection, managing analysis, and dealing with intelligence customers, the author also examines key advances and emerging fields like prescriptive intelligence. Through features like end-of-chapter questions to spark classroom discussion, this text combines a practical approach to modeling with an insider perspective to serve as an ideal and insightful resource for students as well as practitioners.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DW5YTPUG,2022-08-01,Robert M. Clark,SAGE Publishing,,2024-02-09T17:16:41Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3339,Foxtrot in Kandahar: A Memoir of a CIA Officer in Afghanistan at the Inception of America’s Longest War,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Foxtrot-in-Kandahar-Paperback/p/49746,"Kandahar. An ancient desert crossroads and, as of fall of 2001, ground zero for the Taliban and al-Qa’ida in southern Afghanistan. In the northern part of the country, the US-supported Northern Alliance (the Afghan organization opposed to the Taliban regime) has made progress on the battlefield, but in the south, the country is still under the Taliban’s bloody hold and al-Qa’ida continues to operate there. With no “Southern Alliance” for the US to support, a different strategy is needed if victory is to be achieved. Veteran CIA officer Duane Evans is dispatched to Pakistan to “get something going in the South.” Foxtrot in Kandahar is his story.Evans’s unexpected journey from the pristine halls of Langley to the badlands of southern Afghanistan began within hours after watching the horrors of 9/11 unfold during a chance visit to FBI Headquarters. It was then he decided to begin a personal and relentless quest to become part of the US response against al-Qa’ida. Evans’s gripping memoir tracks his efforts to join one of CIA’s elite teams bound for Afghanistan, a journey that eventually takes him to the front lines in Pakistan, first as part of the advance element of CIA’s Echo team supporting Hamid Karzai, and finally as leader of the under-resourced and often overlooked Foxtrot team.Relying on rusty military skills from his days as a Green Beret, and brandishing a traded-for rifle, Evans moves toward Kandahar in the company of Pashtun warriors—one of only a handful of Americans pushing forward across the desert into some of the most dangerous, yet mesmerizingly beautiful, landscape on earth. The ultimate triumph of the CIA and Special Forces teams, when absolutely everything was on the line, is tempered by the US tragedy that catalyzed what is now America’s longest war. Evans concludes his memoir with an analysis of opportunities lost in the years since his time in Afghanistan.Brilliantly crafted and fast-paced, Foxtrot in Kandahar: A Memoir of a CIA Officer in Afghanistan at the Inception of America’s Longest War fills a major gap in the literature of the war’s critical and complex early months. It is required reading for anyone interested in modern warfare, complicated tribal politics, and the ancient land where they intersect.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/73KQM33K,2017,Savas Beatie,2024-03-31,,2024-02-09T17:08:33Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3340,The Ghost: The Secret Life of CIA Spymaster James Jesus Angleton,Book,https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250167309/theghost,"CIA spymaster James Jesus Angleton was one of the most powerful unelected officials in the United States government in the mid-20th century, a ghost of American power. From World War II to the Cold War, Angleton operated beyond the view of the public, Congress, and even the president. He unwittingly shared intelligence secrets with Soviet spy Kim Philby, a member of the notorious Cambridge spy ring. He launched mass surveillance by opening the mail of hundreds of thousands of Americans. He abetted a scheme to aid Israel’s own nuclear efforts, disregarding U.S. security. He committed perjury and obstructed the JFK assassination investigation. He oversaw a massive spying operation on the antiwar and black nationalist movements and he initiated an obsessive search for communist moles that nearly destroyed the Agency. In The Ghost, investigative reporter Jefferson Morley tells Angleton’s dramatic story, from his friendship with the poet Ezra Pound through the underground gay milieu of mid-century Washington to the Kennedy assassination to the Watergate scandal. From the agency’s MKULTRA mind-control experiments to the wars of the Mideast, Angleton wielded far more power than anyone knew. Yet during his seemingly lawless reign in the CIA, he also proved himself to be a formidable adversary to our nation’s enemies, acquiring a mythic stature within the CIA that continues to this day.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/98DWENSU,2018-10-30,Jefferson Morley,Macmillan,,2024-02-09T17:07:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3341,A Great Place to Have a War: America in Laos and the Birth of a Military CIA,Book,https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/A-Great-Place-to-Have-a-War/Joshua-Kurlantzick/9781451667882,"January, 1961: Laos, a tiny nation few Americans have heard of, is at risk of falling to communism and triggering a domino effect throughout Southeast Asia. This is what President Eisenhower believed when he approved the CIA’s Operation Momentum, creating an army of ethnic Hmong to fight communist forces there. Largely hidden from the American public—and most of Congress—Momentum became the largest CIA paramilitary operation in the history of the United States. The brutal war lasted more than a decade, left the ground littered with thousands of unexploded bombs, and changed the nature of the CIA forever. With “revelatory reporting” and “lucid prose” (The Economist), Kurlantzick provides the definitive account of the Laos war, focusing on the four key people who led the operation: the CIA operative whose idea it was, the Hmong general who led the proxy army in the field, the paramilitary specialist who trained the Hmong forces, and the State Department careerist who took control over the war as it grew. Using recently declassified records and extensive interviews, Kurlantzick shows for the first time how the CIA’s clandestine adventures in one small, Southeast Asian country became the template for how the United States has conducted war ever since—all the way to today’s war on terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LC5LDHY2,2018-02-22,Joshua Kurlantzick,Simon & Schuster,,2024-02-09T17:04:27Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3342,A Call for More Humility in Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-4/a-call-for-more-humility-in-intelligence-analysis/,Humility is probably not something most intelligence analysts consider to be a central tenet of their work.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4KJDNCEP,2017-12-01,John S. Mohr,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T17:02:34Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3343,A Guide to the Application of Energy Data for Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-4/a-guide-to-the-application-of-energy-data-for-intelligence-analysis/,The purpose of this article is to provide analysts in intelligence or other government agencies a guide to understanding how energy data can be applied to the analysis of a range of issues in countries around the world.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6MBZ69S6,2017-12-01,Brenda Shaffer,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T17:01:48Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3344,Cooperation in the Libya WMD Disarmament Case,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-4/cooperation-in-the-libya-wmd-disarmament-case/,"“[l]ntelligence was the key that opened the door to Libya’s clandestine programs,”argued George Tenet in February 2004, and he was right.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SRMPJIJU,2017-12-01,William Tobey,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T17:00:55Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3345,The Development of a British-American Concept of Special Operations in WWII Burma,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-4/the-development-of-a-british-american-concept-of-special-operations-in-wwii-burma/,"It seemed an unlikely joint operation. . . . It not only worked, but resulted in a new concept of warfare and established combat techniques that today are used by both regular and unconventional forces.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FKK93L73,2017-12-01,Bob Bergin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T16:59:58Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3346,The 1968 Tet Offensive in Vietnam and the Seizure of Hue,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-61-no-4/the-1968-tet-offensive-in-vietnam-and-the-seizure-of-hue/,"The embassy driver met me just outside the open barn-like structure that served as the Danang air terminal building, and he drove me to temporary quarters in Danang, where I would stay until my flight to Hue the next day. It was 29 January 1968.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7VTSUFPI,2017-12-01,Raymond R. Lau,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T16:58:57Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3347,"Destination Casablanca: Exile, Espionage, and the Battle for North Africa in World War II",Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/meredith-hindley/destination-casablanca/9781610394062/?lens=publicaffairs,"This rollicking and panoramic history of Casablanca during the Second World War sheds light on the city as a key hub for European and American powers, and a place where spies, soldiers, and political agents exchanged secrets and vied for control. In November 1942, as a part of Operation Torch, 33,000 American soldiers sailed undetected across the Atlantic and stormed the beaches of French Morocco. Seventy-four hours later, the Americans controlled the country and one of the most valuable wartime ports: Casablanca. In the years preceding, Casablanca had evolved from an exotic travel destination to a key military target after France’s surrender to Germany. Jewish refugees from Europe poured in, hoping to obtain visas and passage to the United States and beyond. Nazi agents and collaborators infiltrated the city in search of power and loyalty. The resistance was not far behind, as shopkeepers, celebrities, former French Foreign Legionnaires, and disgruntled bureaucrats formed a network of Allied spies. But once in American hands, Casablanca became a crucial logistical hub in the fight against Germany — and the site of Roosevelt and Churchill’s demand for “unconditional surrender.” Rife with rogue soldiers, power grabs, and diplomatic intrigue, Destination Casablanca is the riveting and untold story of this glamorous city–memorialized in the classic film that was rush-released in 1942 to capitalize on the drama that was unfolding in North Africa at the heart of World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5G5Y2DS7,2017-10-10,Meredith Hindley,PublicAffairs,,2024-02-09T14:44:23Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3348,The London Cage: The Secret History of Britain's World War II Interrogation Centre,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300238655/the-london-cage,"The first complete account of the fiercely guarded secrets of London’s clandestine interrogation center, operated by the British Secret Service from 1940 to 1948 Behind the locked doors of three mansions in London’s exclusive Kensington Palace Gardens neighborhood, the British Secret Service established a highly secret prison in 1940: the London Cage. Here recalcitrant German prisoners of war were subjected to “special intelligence treatment.” The stakes were high: the war’s outcome could hinge on obtaining information German prisoners were determined to withhold. After the war, high-ranking Nazi war criminals were housed in the Cage, revamped as an important center for investigating German war crimes. This riveting book reveals the full details of operations at the London Cage and subsequent efforts to hide them. Helen Fry’s extraordinary original research uncovers the grim picture of prisoners’ daily lives and of systemic Soviet-style mistreatment. The author also provides sensational evidence to counter official denials concerning the use of “truth drugs” and “enhanced interrogation” techniques. Bringing dark secrets to light, this groundbreaking book at last provides an objective and complete history of the London Cage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7YTRU52F,2018-08-28,Helen Fry,Yale University Press London,,2024-02-09T14:41:10Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3349,"To Resist Disinformation, Learn to Think Like an Intelligence Analyst",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-1/to-resist-disinformation-learn-to-think-like-an-intelligence-analyst/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELFSHB8E,2018-03-01,"Preston Golson, Matthew F. Ferraro",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:26:19Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3350,CIA’s Office of Strategic Research: A Brief History,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-1/cias-office-of-strategic-research-a-brief-history/,"The mission of the Office of Strategic Research was to provide the DCI with an independent CIA assessment of foreign strategic military threats to US national security interests, primarily those from the Soviet Union and Communist China",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9KEBZQCT,2018-03-01,Robert D. Vickers,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:25:13Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3351,The Origin and Evolution of the Joint Analysis Center at RAF Molesworth,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-1/the-origin-and-evolution-of-the-joint-analysis-center-at-raf-molesworth/,"The story of how critically important US intelligence centers in Europe came to operate in a rural setting far from any major headquarters illustrates the many ways in which the fortunes of the intelligence profession can be affected by technology, fiscal conditions, expediency, and radical changes in the global security environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KPIFI4TN,2018-03-01,Robert G. Stiegel,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:23:24Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3352,"Long-Term Deception: The Rearmament of the German Air Force, 1919–39",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-1/long-term-deception-the-rearmament-of-the-german-air-force-1919-39/,Frequent public expression of British fears of growing German airpower had revealed to Berlin the vulnerability of its former enemies to deception.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7UD9TSSD,2018-03-01,Brian J. Gordon,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:22:09Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3353,The Role of Military Intelligence in the Battle for Beersheba in October 1917,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/modernization-of-intelligence-wwi.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ALYI9FAH,2018-03-01,James Noone,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:20:56Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3354,Hollywood’s Spies: The Undercover Surveillance of Nazis in Los Angeles,Book,https://nyupress.org/9781479855179/hollywoods-spies,"Tells the remarkable story of the Jewish moguls in Hollywood who established the first anti-Nazi Jewish resistance organization in the country in the 1930s In April 1939, Warner Brothers studios released the first Hollywood film to confront the Nazi threat in the United States. Confessions of a Nazi Spy, starring Edward G. Robinson, told the story of German agents in New York City working to overthrow the U.S. government. The film alerted Americans to the dangers of Nazism at home and encouraged them to defend against it. Confessions of a Nazi Spy may have been the first cinematic shot fired by Hollywood against Nazis in America, but it by no means marked the political awakening of the film industry’s Jewish executives to the problem. Hollywood’s Spies tells the remarkable story of the Jewish moguls in Hollywood who paid private investigators to infiltrate Nazi groups operating in Los Angeles, establishing the first anti-Nazi Jewish resistance organization in the country—the Los Angeles Jewish Community Committee (LAJCC). Drawing on more than 15,000 pages of archival documents, Laura B. Rosenzweig offers a compelling narrative illuminating the role that Jewish Americans played in combating insurgent Nazism in the United States in the 1930s. Forced undercover by the anti-Semitic climate of the decade, the LAJCC partnered with organizations whose Americanism was unimpeachable, such as the American Legion, to channel information regarding seditious Nazi plots to Congress, the Justice Department, the FBI and the Los Angeles Police Department. Hollywood’s Spies corrects the decades-long belief that American Jews lacked the political organization and leadership to assert their political interests during this period in our history and reveals that the LAJCC was one of many covert ""fact finding"" operations funded by Jewish Americans designed to root out Nazism in the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UEFHGEBP,2017-09-01,Laura B. Rosenzweig,New York University Press,,2024-02-09T14:14:44Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3355,CIA Analysis of the 1967 Arab-Israeli War,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-2/cia-analysis-of-the-1967-arab-israeli-war/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VBMJS7VL,2018-06-01,David Robarge,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:12:55Z,['DHLN8GE4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3356,The OSS Role in Ho Chi Minh’s Rise to Political Power,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/a0c34085dfe487b73cc90c8a92bb077d/oss-ho-chi-minh.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C8FAJPT6,2018-06-01,Bob Bergin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:11:35Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3357,Intelligence and Policy: The Case for Thin Walls as Seen by a Veteran of INR,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-2/intelligence-and-policy-the-case-for-thin-walls-as-seen-by-a-veteran-of-inr/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RUYUV9CY,2018-06-01,Bowman H. Miller,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:10:08Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3358,Lever of Power: Military Deception in China and the West,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UHFMC9RD,2017-09-15,Ralph D. Sawyer,CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform,,2024-02-09T14:08:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3359,The Fighting Doctors of the Office of Strategic Services,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-3/the-fighting-doctors-of-the-office-of-strategic-services/,Medical professionals have played and continue to play vital roles in CIA operations.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7NIIJEQL,2018-09-01,Lester E. Bush,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:06:25Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3360,"Review of National Intelligence: An Idea That Has Come of Age, Again?",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-3/review-of-national-intelligence-an-idea-that-has-come-of-age-again/,"The ODNI’s most recent focus on tradecraft has ample precedent, with allusions to standards evident in the literature of intelligence as long ago as the 1950s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UAD6UBJB,2018-09-01,James Marchio,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:05:02Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3361,"Former CIA Officers Writings about Intelligence, Policy, and Politics, 2016–17",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-3/former-cia-officers-writings-about-intelligence-policy-and-politics-2016-17/,"Former CIA officers have gradually emerged as voices to be heard, often offertimely insights and opinions on the business of intelligence, current foreign policy challenges, and even contentious political issues.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9V2AMT2W,2018-09-01,Peter S. Usowski,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:03:54Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3362,"Remembering Richards J. Heuer, Jr.: A Brief Intellectual History",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-3/remembering-richards-j-heuer-jr-a-brief-intellectual-history/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7KSYPNKW,2018-09-01,James B. Bruce,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T14:03:00Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3363,"The Secret Twenties: British intelligence, the Russians and the Jazz Age",Book,https://granta.com/products/the-secret-twenties/,"Espionage and counter-espionage between the Soviets and the British during London’s Roaring Twenties At the height of the hedonistic Jazz Age, many in British society became convinced that they were under attack from the new Soviet state. Still reeling from the Russian revolution of 1917, disturbed by the development of militant workers movements at home, and deeply paranoid about the recent wave of Russian immigration to the UK, the British government tasked the intelligence services to look for evidence of espionage. Over the next decade, as the political pressure mounted, the spooks began to cast their net of suspicion wider, to include not only suspect Russians, but British aristocrats, Bloomsbury artists, ordinary workers, and even members of parliament. It was the biggest spying operation in British Intelligence’s peacetime history to date, undertaken with enthusiastic support from anti-Red crusaders like Winston Churchill, and its ramifications were profound. On the strength of the evidence uncovered, Britain deported hundreds of Russians and broke off diplomatic links with Moscow for more than two years. This was the first Cold War, and it not only set the rules of engagement for Russia and Britain for decades to come, but also sent shockwaves through the British establishment, bringing down a government and ending careers. Drawing on a wealth of recently declassified and previously unseen material, Timothy Phillips uncovers a world of suspicion and extremism, bureaucracy and betrayal set against the sparkling backdrop of cocktail-era London. The Secret Twenties shines fresh light on a glamorous decade, and offers a gripping account of the lives of the first Soviet spies, the British Secret Services that pursued them and the double agents in their midst.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LFU6DIL8,2018-06-07,Timothy Phillips,Granta,,2024-02-09T14:00:03Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3364,Union Naval Intelligence in the American Civil War: Moving Toward a Global Intelligence System,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-4/union-naval-intelligence-in-the-american-civil-war-moving-toward-a-global-intelligence-system/,Also important in the history of the Civil War are the naval engagements that took place both in American territorial waters and around the world. These engagements . . . were precursors to the global engagements that future generations would experience.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N9IINBVZ,2018-12-01,Matthew E. Skros,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T13:56:47Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3365,MI6 is helping to draft secret UK dossier on Trump return to power,Newspaper article,https://inews.co.uk/news/mi6-is-helping-to-draft-secret-uk-dossier-on-trump-return-to-power-2893273,Security officials are working with the Foreign Office to review the impact of Mr Trump becoming president for a second time if he wins,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHJM7826,2024-02-07T11:44:19+00:00,Richard Holmes,,inews.co.uk,2024-02-09T13:42:25Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3366,Ricochet: When a Covert Operation Goes Bad,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-4/ricochet-when-a-covert-operation-goes-bad/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4XV37H63,2018-12-01,Bruce Riedel,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T13:37:25Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3367,"An Interview with Former Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Mike Rogers",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-62-no-4/an-interview-with-former-chairman-of-the-house-permanent-select-committee-on-intelligence-mike-rogers/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T6SPHVHL,2018-12-01,"Peter S. Usowski, Fran Moore",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T13:35:14Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3368,Secret Operations of World War II,Book,https://www.amberbooks.co.uk/book/secret-operations-of-world-war-ii/,"Secret Operations of WWII covers the hidden war fought by the SOE, OSS, Maquis, partisans and other resistance forces against the Germans.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HN9AQ2WH,2018,Alexander Stilwell,Amber Books,,2024-02-09T13:18:45Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3369,Following in Footsteps: The Transformation of Kenya’s Intelligence Services Since the Colonial Era,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-1/following-in-footsteps-the-transformation-of-kenyas-intelligence-services-since-the-colonial-era/,Kenya’s intelligence collection and operations were used by colonial and post-colonial governments in a variety of tasks ranging from ensuring social and political stability to the torture of political dissidents to countering terrorism.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DDDEEXPS,2019-03-01,Ryan Shaffer,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T13:17:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3370,Three Amateur Spies and the Intelligence Organization They Created in Occupied WWII Indochina,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-1/three-amateur-spies-and-the-intelligence-organization-they-created-in-occupied-wwii-indochina/,"It was a Terry and the Pirates operation in a Terry and the Pirates world, and it was very effective in its time and place.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SKPRI7XL,2019-03-01,Bob Bergin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T13:15:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3371,Improving the Role of Intelligence in Counterproliferation Policymaking,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-1/improving-the-role-of-intelligence-in-counterproliferation-policymaking/,"The purpose of the case studies was to identify when and how intelligence shaped or prompted nonproliferation policy actions and, if it did not, why.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C8XM55W8,2019-03-01,Henry Sokolski,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T13:13:33Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3372,Lessons from Four North Korean Shootdown Attempts during 1959–81,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-2/lessons-from-four-north-korean-shootdown-attempts-during-1959-81/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N8N6P7BN,2019-06-01,Richard A. Mobley,,,2024-02-09T13:11:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3373,"Special Attaché Boylstron Beal, the ""Red Scare,"" and the Origins of the US-UK Intelligence Relationship, 1919-27",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-2/special-attache-boylstron-beal-the-red-scare-and-the-origins-of-the-us-uk-intelligence-relationship-1919-27/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7EXG8TAE,2019-06-01,Mary S. Barton,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T13:10:13Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3374,Future of Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-2/future-of-analysis/,"The field of intelligence analysis is at an inflection point. Behind us, several decades of accomplishment and innovation, chastened at times by errors and shaped by cautious incrementalism. Ahead, a future—as in all knowledge industries—still coming into view.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UYYS5LBW,2019-06-01,Joseph W. Gartin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T13:09:16Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3375,"Surprise, Kill, Vanish: The Secret History of CIA Paramilitary Armies, Operators, and Assassins",Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/annie-jacobsen/surprise-kill-vanish/9780316441407/,"From Pulitzer Prize finalist Annie Jacobsen, the untold USA Today bestselling story of the CIA’s secret paramilitary units. Surprise . . . your target. Kill . . . your enemy. Vanish . . . without a trace. When diplomacy fails, and war is unwise, the president calls on the CIA’s Special Activities Division, a highly-classified branch of the CIA and the most effective, black operations force in the world. Originally known as the president’s guerrilla warfare corps, SAD conducts risky and ruthless operations that have evolved over time to defend America from its enemies. Almost every American president since World War II has asked the CIA to conduct sabotage, subversion and, yes, assassination. With unprecedented access to forty-two men and women who proudly and secretly worked on CIA covert operations from the dawn of the Cold War to the present day, along with declassified documents and deep historical research, Pulitzer Prize finalist Annie Jacobsen unveils — like never before — a complex world of individuals working in treacherous environments populated with killers, connivers, and saboteurs. Despite Hollywood notions of off-book operations and external secret hires, covert action is actually one piece in a colossal foreign policy machine. Written with the pacing of a thriller, Surprise, Kill, Vanish brings to vivid life the sheer pandemonium and chaos, as well as the unforgettable human will to survive and the intellectual challenge of not giving up hope that define paramilitary and intelligence work. Jacobsen’s exclusive interviews — with members of the CIA’s Senior Intelligence Service (equivalent to the Pentagon’s generals), its counterterrorism chiefs, targeting officers, and Special Activities Division’s Ground Branch operators who conduct today’s close-quarters killing operations around the world — reveal, for the first time, the enormity of this shocking, controversial, and morally complex terrain. Is the CIA’s paramilitary army America’s weaponized strength, or a liability to its principled standing in the world? Every operation reported in this book, however unsettling, is legal.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TIYK3K5W,2019-05-14,Annie Jacobsen,Hachette Books,,2024-02-09T13:08:04Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3376,An Interview with Walter Pincus Reflections on a Life of Covering the World of Intelligence and National Security,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-3/an-interview-with-walter-pincus-reflections-on-a-life-of-covering-the-world-of-intelligence-and-national-security/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YQY8VUCF,2019-09-01,"Peter Usowski, Fran Moore",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T12:37:07Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3377,Intelligence Lost in Politics The Dixie Mission 1944: The First US Intelligence Encounter with the Chinese Communists,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-3/intelligence-lost-in-politics-the-dixie-mission-1944-the-first-us-intelligence-encounter-with-the-chinese-communists/,"Not everything the Americans heard or saw was understood, but they gathered a wealth of information, raw intelligence to be analyzed and pondered by the China experts. . . . But what may have been the most significant, intelligence on the Chinese Communists themselves, appears to have been disregarded, then, and in the years that followed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EFFJ4FLX,2019-09-01,Bob Bergin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T12:35:13Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3378,Politicization and Advantage The Use and Abuse of Intelligence in the Public Square,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-3/politicization-and-advantage-the-use-and-abuse-of-intelligence-in-the-public-square/,Politicization is related to the integrity of intelligence personnel and services. That someone or some entity has been engaged in it is a charge that has been heard with frequency over the last generation.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MBNVBJ4S,2019-09-01,Michael Warner,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T12:34:09Z,['CGAXYI88'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3379,Project SOLO and the Seborers On the Trail of a Fourth Soviet Spy at Los Alamos,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-63-no-3/project-solo-and-the-seborers-on-the-trail-of-a-fourth-soviet-spy-at-los-alamos/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GGKYTS5Q,2019-09-01,"Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T12:32:52Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3380,"Australia's First Spies: The remarkable story of Australian intelligence operations, 1901-45",Book,https://atlantic-books.co.uk/book/australias-first-spies/,"Australia was born with its eyes wide open. Although politicians spoke publicly of loyalty to Britain and the empire, in secret they immediately set about protecting Australia’s interests from the Germans, the Japanese – and from Britain itself. As an experienced intelligence officer, John Fahey knows how the security services disguise their activities within government files. He has combed the archives to compile the first account of Australia’s intelligence operations in the years from Federation to World War II. He tells the stories of dedicated patriots who undertook dangerous operations to protect their new nation, despite a lack of training and support. He shows how the early adoption of advanced radio technology by Australia contributed to the war effort in Europe. He also exposes the bureaucratic mismanagement in World War II that cost many lives, and the leaks that compromised Australia’s standing with its wartime allies so badly that Australia was nearly expelled from the Anglo-Saxon intelligence network. Australia’s First Spies shows Australia always has been a far savvier operator in international affairs than much of the historical record suggests, and it offers a glimpse into the secret history of the nation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6A9D3UCE,2018-12-06,John Fahey,Allen & Unwin,,2024-02-09T12:12:45Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3381,Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare,Book,https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374287269/activemeasures,"This revelatory and dramatic history of disinformation traces the rise of secret organized deception operations from the interwar period to contemporary internet troll farms We live in the age of disinformation--of organized deception. Spy agencies pour vast resources into hacking, leaking, and forging data, often with the goal of weakening the very foundation of liberal democracy: trust in facts. Thomas Rid, a renowned expert on technology and national security, was one of the first to sound the alarm. More than four months before the 2016 election, he warned that Russian military intelligence was ""carefully planning and timing a high-stakes political campaign to disrupt the democratic process. But as crafty as such so-called active measures have become, they are not new. The story of modern disinformation begins with the post-Russian Revolution clash between communism and capitalism, which would come to define the Cold War. In Active Measures, Rid reveals startling intelligence and security secrets from materials written in more than ten languages across several nations, and from interviews with current and former operatives. He exposes the disturbing yet colorful history of professional, organized lying, revealing for the first time some of the century's most significant operations--many of them nearly beyond belief. A White Russian ploy backfires and brings down a New York police commissioner; a KGB-engineered, anti-Semitic hate campaign creeps back across the Iron Curtain; the CIA backs a fake publishing empire, run by a former Wehrmacht U-boat commander, that produces Germany's best jazz magazine. Rid tracks the rise of leaking, and shows how spies began to exploit emerging internet culture many years before WikiLeaks. Finally, he sheds new light on the 2016 election, especially the role of the infamous ""troll farm"" in St. Petersburg as well as a much more harmful attack that unfolded in the shadows. Active Measures takes the reader on a guided tour deep into a vast hall of mirrors old and new, pointing to a future of engineered polarization, more active and less measured--but also offering the tools to cut through the deception.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3IWC79TZ,2020,Thomas Rid,Macmillan USA,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3382,Secret Warriors: Thai Forward Air Guides in the US War in Laos,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-64-no-1/secret-warriors-thai-forward-air-guides-in-the-us-war-in-laos/,"The overall history of Thai engagement in the conflict is murky, and the wisdom of its engagement still uncertain, but the importance of the forward air guides to the prosecution of the anticommunist undercover war in Laos is unmistakeable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZUUPGJYM,2020-03-01,Paul T. Carter,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T12:08:42Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3383,The Rise and Fall of an Intelligence Discipline and Its Uncertain Future,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-64-no-1/the-rise-and-fall-of-an-intelligence-discipline-and-its-uncertain-future/,Formal Intelligence Community efforts to understand and counter foreign denial and deception have experienced a rollercoaster ride in post-WWII US intelligence history,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9TPQCAH2,2020-03-01,James B. Bruce,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T12:07:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3384,"Traditional Chinese Conceptions and Approaches to Secrecy, Denial, and Obfuscation",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-64-no-1/traditional-chinese-conceptions-and-approaches-to-secrecy-denial-and-obfuscation/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UWHVKN4Q,2020-03-01,Ralph D. Sawyer,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T12:05:49Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3385,The Walls Have Ears: The Greatest Intelligence Operation of World War II,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300254853/the-walls-have-ears,"A history of the elaborate and brilliantly sustained World War II intelligence operation by which Hitler’s generals were tricked into giving away vital Nazi secrets “A great book.”—Michael Goodman, BBC History Magazine “An astonishing story of wartime espionage.”—Robert Hutton, author of Agent Jack At the outbreak of World War II, MI6 spymaster Thomas Kendrick arrived at the Tower of London to set up a top secret operation: German prisoners’ cells were to be bugged and listeners installed behind the walls to record and transcribe their private conversations. This mission proved so effective that it would go on to be set up at three further sites—and provide the Allies with crucial insight into new technology being developed by the Nazis. In this astonishing history, Helen Fry uncovers the inner workings of the bugging operation. On arrival at stately-homes-turned-prisons like Trent Park, high-ranking German generals and commanders were given a ""phony"" interrogation, then treated as ""guests,"" wined and dined at exclusive clubs, and encouraged to talk. And so it was that the Allies got access to some of Hitler’s most closely guarded secrets—and from those most entrusted to protect them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ICGUZ8YC,2020-09-22,Helen Fry,Yale University Press London,,2024-02-09T12:04:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3386,Japan’s Spy at Pearl Harbor: Memoir of an Imperial Navy Secret Agent,Book,https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/japans-spy-at-pearl-harbor/,"Takeo Yoshikawa (1912–1993) was an ensign in the Imperial Japanese Navy and a naval intelligence officer assigned the task of spying on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor. Assuming the alias “Morimura” and the role of secretary at the Japanese Consulate-General in Honolulu in March of 1941, Yoshikawa was able to travel all over the Hawaiian Islands to gather intelligence. His reporting during the nine months preceding the outbreak of the Pacific War would help pave the way for Japan’s surprise attack at Pearl Harbor. Yoshikawa’s memoirs—published here in English for the first time—offer a gripping spy story, personal confessions, and a Japanese eyewitness view of the war in the Pacific.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NFG99BK6,2020,Takeo Yoshikawa,McFarland,,2024-02-09T12:02:25Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3387,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume 14 (1970-1971)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367471453,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This last holds records for the period 1970-1971.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YUDUJD69,2024-05-01,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:43:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3388,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume 13 (1968-1969)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367471293,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This 13th volume holds records for the period 1968-1969.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/56I2VJZD,2024-05-01,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:42:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3389,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume XII (1967)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367471262,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This 12th volume holds records for the year 1967.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7PKNLZUI,2022-10-03,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:42:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3390,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume XI (May - December 1966)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367471255,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This 11th volume holds records for the period May - December 1966.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NQJRMUPK,2022-10-03,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:41:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3391,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume X (January-April 1966)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367471248,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This 10th volume holds records for the year 1966.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4BDPP28I,2022-01-20,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:41:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3392,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume IX (1965)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367471200,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This 9th volume holds records for the year 1965.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JDEJVRYT,20 January 2022,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:31:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3393,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume VIII (1964)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367471194,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This 8th volume holds records for the year 1964.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NTUI8Y7M,2022-01-20,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:39:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3394,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume VI (1960–1961)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367468033,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This 6th volume holds records for the period 1960-1961.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S3IEHRGE,2021-10-01,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:38:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3395,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume VII (1962–1963)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367468071,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This 7th volume holds records for the period 1962-1963.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PH28RHHY,2021-10-01,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:37:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3396,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume V (1958–1959)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367467968,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This 5th volume holds records for the period 1958-1959.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6J46ZERN,2021-10-01,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:36:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3397,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume IV (1954-1957)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367467937,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This fourth volume holds records for the period 1954-1957. Events included are as follows: WCR; the extracts & proceedings from various public meetings; grounds of detentions; a trip to Karachi to meet Pakistan’s Law Minister; Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s decision to observe 25th May as ‘The Food Day’; criticism on the failure of Central & Provincial Govt.; the Hunger rally in Chittagong; the presentation of the report at the East Pakistan Awami League’s council session as the General Secretary; an appeal to the President Iskandar Mirza to investigate the food crisis and the resignation of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from the cabinet portfolio of commerce and industry & other incidents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GLCNC4AP,2019-12-23,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:34:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3398,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume III (1953)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367467838,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This third volume holds records for the year 1953. Events included are as follows: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman & Suhraward’s tour to various districts in North Bengal; demand to free Maulana Bhashani along with other leaders; Safety Acts and his criticism of Jute & Education Policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3CSN27LI,2019-12-23,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:34:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3399,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume II (1951-1952)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367461034,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This is volume 2 holds records for the period 1951-1952. Major events included are as follows- The Language Movement, the programs of State Language Committee of Action, meeting with Pakistan’s Prime Minister Khawaza Nazimuddin and participation in a peace conference in Peking.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6GJWD73V,2019-12-23,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2024-02-09T11:32:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3400,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of The Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Volume I (1948-1950)",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Secret-Documents-of-Intelligence-Branch-on-Father-of-The-Nation-Bangladesh/Hasina/p/book/9780367895389,"Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation, Bangladesh: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, is a 14-volume set of declassified documents edited by Sheikh Hasina, Honorable Prime Minister of Bangladesh. These are a compilation of the files maintained by the Intelligence Branch of Pakistan Government on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, who emerged as the sole leader of the country and became Bangabandhu (Friend of Bangladesh). For his long-standing struggle and contribution in fostering notions of Bengali nationhood that led to the independence of Bangladesh, he has been honored as the Father of the Nation. The volumes provide records for period 1948 to 1971 and chronologically elucidate the trajectory of the various movements and political struggles that led to the formation of an independent nation state called People's Republic of Bangladesh. These include the 1952 Bengali Language Movement that catalyzed the assertion of Bengali national identity in the region and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman led the struggle for independence, first through massive populist and civil disobedience movements and later during the Bangladesh Liberation War. Important events cited in the present volumes include the 1954 United Front election victory, 1966 Six Point Movement, 1968 Agartala Conspiracy Case, 1969 mass uprising, 1970 election victory and 1971 Non-Cooperation Movement among others. These are the first ever declassified documents released by the Government of Bangladesh and will serve as an invaluable historical resource in understanding the liberation of Bangladesh. This first volume holds records for the period 1948-1950. Events included are as follows: The Language Movement & the abolition of Zamindari System, the movement in Dacca University, the birth of Awami League, letters from Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, distribution of various leaflets, speeches-statements, arrest & imprisonment and meeting with various party leaders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9MPJ2A37,2019-12-23,Sheikh Hasina,Routledge,,2023-02-16T10:41:56Z,"['9H865NIL', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3401,Fifty Years after “Black September” in Jordan,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-64-no-2/fifty-years-after-black-september-in-jordan/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRIBL72W,2020-06-01,Bruce Riedel,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T10:45:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3402,A Native American Hero in the OSS and CIA,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-64-no-2/a-native-american-hero-in-the-oss-and-cia/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T32AQ6EE,2020-06-01,John W. Chambers,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T10:42:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3403,"US Intelligence, Theodor Heuss, and the Making of West Germany’s First President",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-64-no-2/us-intelligence-theodor-heuss-and-the-making-of-west-germanys-first-president/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U5NDGBMC,2020-06-01,Thomas Boghardt,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T10:29:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3404,Revealed: suspected Russian spy ‘worked for MI6’ and Foreign Office,Newspaper article,https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/russian-spy-uk-mi6-foreign-office-exclusive-investigation-bk59tq3s5,"The refugee from Afghanistan, who met David Cameron, Gordon Brown and the future King, denies wrongdoing but says MI5 has accused him of being groomed by Russia since the age of five",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M944F7F6,2024-02-08,"Emma Yeoman, Fiona Hamilton, Tom Ball",,The Times,2024-02-08T18:57:28Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3405,Bulgaria arrests state security officer for spying for Russia,Newspaper article,https://www.politico.eu/article/bulgaria-arrest-state-security-officer-spyi-russia/,Interior ministry suspect is believed to have leaked classified information to Russian diplomat.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZMTY9GN8,2024-02-05T17:56:50+00:00,Sejla Ahmatovic,,POLITICO,2024-02-09T09:02:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3406,Ukraine’s Security Service Detains 5 Former and Current Intelligence Officers Spying for Russia,Newspaper article,https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27674,Ukrainian intelligence said it “neutralized” a Russian spy network in Ukraine consisting of former and serving intelligence officers in different branches working under the same Russian agent.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5GG94NI6,2024-02-06,Leo Chiu,,Kyiv Post,2024-02-09T09:01:54Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3407,US Intelligence Warns of Growing Iranian-Houthi Weapons Cooperation,Newspaper article,https://www.voanews.com/a/us-intelligence-warns-of-growing-iranian-houthi-weapons-cooperation-/7478387.html,"New report by the Defense Intelligence Agency details extent of Houthi drone and missile arsenal, prompting alarm among some analysts",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RELNNWBX,2024-02-07,Jeff Seldin,,Voice of America,2024-02-09T09:00:58Z,['AKVWM8BZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3408,Cameron Ortis: Canadian official sentenced to 14 years for leaking secrets,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68228941,The case against Cameron Ortis marks the first time Canada's espionage laws were tested at trial.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L8X2GA9H,2024-02-07,Nadine Yousif,,BBC News,2024-02-09T09:00:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3409,"Chinese hackers infiltrated plane, train and water systems for five years, US says",Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/08/chinese-hack-us-transportation-infrastructure,"A group known as Volt Typhoon, geared toward sabotage, quietly burrowed into the networks of critical US infrastructure",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FLUQUUX3,2024-02-08T19:06:34.000Z,,,The Guardian,2024-02-09T08:59:00Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3410,US intelligence officials reportedly tell Congress that Israel not close to defeating Hamas,Newspaper article,https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/us-intelligence-officials-reportedly-tell-congress-that-israel-not-close-to-defeating-hamas/,* * *,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4EP73FSI,2024-02-08,Lazar Berman,,The Times of Israel,2024-02-09T08:57:54Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3411,The Role of Intelligence in the Battle of Britain,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Role-of-Intelligence-in-the-Battle-of-Britain-Hardback/p/19274,"The Battle of Britain was fought between two airborne military elites and was a classic example of pure attack against pure defence. Though it was essentially a ‘war of attrition’, it was an engagement in which the gathering, assessment and reaction to intelligence played a significant role on both sides. In some respects, both the RAF and the Luftwaffe were hamstrung in their endeavours during the Battle of Britain by poor intelligence. The most egregious Luftwaffe blunder was its failure to appreciate the true nature of Fighter Command’s operational systems and consequently it made fundamental strategic errors when evaluating its plans to degrade them. This was compounded by the Luftwaffe’s Intelligence chief, Major Josef ‘Beppo’ Schmid, whose consistent underestimation of Fighter Command’s capabilities had a huge negative impact upon Reichsmarschall Göring’s decision-making at all stages of the conflict. Both the Luftwaffe and the RAF lacked detailed information about each other’s war production capacity. While the Luftwaffe did have the benefit of pre-war aerial surveillance data it had been unable to update it significantly since the declaration of war in September 1939. Fighter Command did have an distinct advantage through its radar surveillance systems, but this was, in the early stages of the conflict at least, less than totally reliable and it was often difficult to interpret the data coming through due to the inexperience of many of its operators. Another promising source of intelligence was the interception of Luftwaffe communications. It is clear that the Luftwaffe was unable to use intelligence as a ‘force multiplier’, by concentrating resources effectively, and actually fell into a negative spiral where poor intelligence acted as a ‘force diluter’, thus wasting resources in strategically questionable areas. The British, despite being essentially unable to predict enemy intentions, did have the means, however imperfect, to respond quickly and effectively to each new strategic initiative rolled out by the Luftwaffe. The result of three years intensive research, in this book the author analyses the way in which both the British and German Intelligence services played a part in the Battle of Britain, thereby attempting to throw light on an aspect of the battle that has been hitherto underexposed to scrutiny.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELWCIEH4,2021-11-15,Norman Ridley,Pen and Sword,,2024-02-09T08:55:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3412,Major General George H. Sharpe and The Creation of American Military Intelligence in the Civil War,Book,https://www.casematepublishers.com/9781612006475/major-general-george-h-sharpe-and-the-creation-of-american-military-intelligence-in-the-civil-war/,"The vital role of the military all-source intelligence in the eastern theater of operations during the U.S. Civil War is told through the biography of its creator, George H. Sharpe. Renowned historian Peter Tsouras contends that this creation under Sharpe’s leadership was the combat multiplier that ultimately allowed the Union to be victorious. Sharpe is celebrated as one of the most remarkable Americans of the 19th century. He built an intelligence organization (The Bureau of Military Information – BMI) from a standing start beginning in February 1863. He was the first man in military history to create a professional all-source intelligence operation, defined by the U.S. Army as “the intelligence products, organizations, and activities that incorporates all sources of information, in the production of intelligence.” By early 1863, in the two and half months before the Chancellorsville Campaign, Sharpe had conducted a breath-taking Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) effort. His reports identified every brigade and its location in Lee’s army, provided an accurate order-of-battle down to the regiment level and a complete analysis of the railroad. The eventual failure of the campaign was outside of the control of Sharpe, who had assembled a staff of 30-50 scouts and support personnel to run the military intelligence operation of the Army of the Potomac. He later supported Grant’s Armies Operating Against Richmond (AOAR) during the Siege of Petersburg, where the BMI played a fundamental role in the victory. His career did not end in 1865. Sharpe crossed paths with almost everyone prominent in America after the Civil War. He became one of the most powerful Republican politicians in New York State, had close friendships with Presidents Grant and Arthur, and was a champion of African-American Civil rights. With the discovery of the day-by-day journal of John C. Babcock, Sharpe’s civilian deputy and order-of-battle analyst in late 1963, and the unpublished Hooker papers, the military correspondence of Joseph Hooker during his time as a commander of the Army of the Potomac, Tsouras has discovered a unique window into the flow of intelligence reporting which gives a new perspective in the study of military operations in the U.S. Civil War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4PRC6NTD,2018-10-01,Peter G. Tsouras,Casemate Publishers,,2024-02-09T08:53:21Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3413,Chinese Spies: From Chairman Mao to Xi Jinping,Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/chinese-spies/,"In 1920s Shanghai, Zhou Enlai founded the first Chinese communist spy network, operating in the shadows against nationalists, Western powers and the Japanese. The story of Chinese espionage has been a global one from the start. Unearthing previously unseen papers and interviewing countless insiders, Roger Faligot’s astonishing account reveals nothing less than a century of world events shaped by Chinese spies. Working as scientists, journalists, diplomats, foreign students and businessmen, they’ve been everywhere, from Stalin’s purges to 9/11 to Biden’s withdrawal from Afghanistan. This murky world has swept up Ho Chi Minh, the Clintons and everyone in between, with the action moving from Cambodia to Cambridge, and from the Australian outback to the centres of Western power. This fascinating narrative exposes the sprawling tentacles of the world’s largest intelligence service, from the very birth of communist China to Xi Jinping’s absolute rule today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NA429H6Y,2019-06-01,Roger Faligot,Hurst & Co,,2024-02-09T08:49:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3414,Putin's People: How the KGB Took Back Russia and Then Took On the West,Book,https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250787323/putinspeople,"A New York Times and Sunday Times bestseller | A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice Named a best book of the year by The Economist | Financial Times | New Statesman | The Telegraph ""[Putin's People] will surely now become the definitive account of the rise of Putin and Putinism."" —Anne Applebaum, The Atlantic ""This riveting, immaculately researched book is arguably the best single volume written about Putin, the people around him and perhaps even about contemporary Russia itself in the past three decades."" —Peter Frankopan, Financial Times Interference in American elections. The sponsorship of extremist politics in Europe. War in Ukraine. In recent years, Vladimir Putin’s Russia has waged a concerted campaign to expand its influence and undermine Western institutions. But how and why did all this come about, and who has orchestrated it? In Putin’s People, the investigative journalist and former Moscow correspondent Catherine Belton reveals the untold story of how Vladimir Putin and the small group of KGB men surrounding him rose to power and looted their country. Delving deep into the workings of Putin’s Kremlin, Belton accesses key inside players to reveal how Putin replaced the freewheeling tycoons of the Yeltsin era with a new generation of loyal oligarchs, who in turn subverted Russia’s economy and legal system and extended the Kremlin's reach into the United States and Europe. The result is a chilling and revelatory exposé of the KGB’s revanche—a story that begins in the murk of the Soviet collapse, when networks of operatives were able to siphon billions of dollars out of state enterprises and move their spoils into the West. Putin and his allies subsequently completed the agenda, reasserting Russian power while taking control of the economy for themselves, suppressing independent voices, and launching covert influence operations abroad. Ranging from Moscow and London to Switzerland and Brooklyn’s Brighton Beach—and assembling a colorful cast of characters to match—Putin’s People is the definitive account of how hopes for the new Russia went astray, with stark consequences for its inhabitants and, increasingly, the world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PAIMXUPK,2022-05-03,Catherine Belton,Macmillan USA,,2024-02-09T08:46:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3415,Covert Action to Promote Democracy in China during the Cold War,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-64-no-4/covert-action-to-promote-democracy-in-china-during-the-cold-war/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9T3VNX7L,2020-12-01,Nicholas Dujmović,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T08:35:28Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3416,Intelligence Implications of Disease,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-64-no-4/intelligence-implications-of-disease/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N4JDH633,2020-12-01,"Warren F. Carey, Myles Maxfield",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T08:32:18Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3417,The Spy Masters: How the CIA Directors Shape History and the Future,Book,https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/The-Spymasters/Chris-Whipple/9781471183744,"From the New York Times bestselling author of The Gatekeepers, a remarkable, behind-the-scenes look at what it's like to run the world's most powerful intelligence agency, and how the CIA is often a crucial counterforce against presidents threatening to overstep the powers of their office. Only 11 men and one woman are alive today who have made the life-and-death decisions that come with running the world's most powerful and influential intelligence service. With unprecedented, deep access to nearly all these individuals, Chris Whipple tells the story of an agency that answers to the United States president, but whose activities — spying, espionage, and covert action — take place on every continent. At pivotal moments, the CIA acts as a brake on rogue presidents, starting in the mid-seventies with DCI Richard Helms’ refusal to conceal Richard Nixon’s criminality and continuing recently as the actions of a CIA whistleblower ignited impeachment proceedings against Donald Trump. Since its inception in 1947, the Central Intelligence Agency has been a powerful player on the world stage, operating largely in the shadows to protect American interests. For The Spymasters, Whipple conducted extensive, exclusive interviews with nearly every living CIA director, pulling back the curtain on the world's elite spy agency and showing how the CIA partners — or clashes — with counterparts in Britain, France, Germany, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Russia. Topics covered in the book include attempts by presidents to use the agency for their own ends; simmering problems in the Middle East and Asia; rogue nuclear threats; and cyberwarfare. The Spymasters recounts seven decades of CIA activity and elicits predictions about the issues — and threats — that will engage the attention of future operatives and analysts. Including eye-opening interviews with George Tenet, John Brennan, Leon Panetta and David Petraeus, as well as those who've just recently departed the agency, this is a timely, essential and important contribution to current events.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KHJY84CN,2021-09-16,Chris Whipple,Simon & Schuster,,2024-02-09T08:30:19Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3418,Geospatial Intelligence: Origins and Evolution,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Geospatial-Intelligence,"A riveting introduction to the complex and evolving field of geospatial intelligence. Although geospatial intelligence is a term of recent origin, its underpinnings have a long and interesting history. Geospatial Intelligence: Origins and Evolution shows how the current age of geospatial knowledge evolved from its ancient origins to become ubiquitous in daily life across the globe. Within that framework, the book weaves a tapestry of stories about the people, events, ideas, and technologies that affected the trajectory of what has become known as GEOINT. Author Robert M. Clark explores the historical background and subsequent influence of fields such as geography, cartography, remote sensing, photogrammetry, geopolitics, geophysics, and geographic information systems on GEOINT. Although its modern use began in national security communities, Clark shows how GEOINT has rapidly extended its reach to other government agencies, NGOs, and corporations. This global explosion in the use of geospatial intelligence has far-reaching implications not only for the scientific, academic, and commercial communities but for a society increasingly reliant upon emerging technologies. Drones, the Internet of things, and cellular devices transform how we gather information and how others can collect that information, to our benefit or detriment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NWS9389D,2020-09-01,Robert M. Clark,ge,,2024-02-09T08:28:30Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3419,Review Essay: Evaluating Resistance Operations in Western Europe during World War II,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-1-march-2021/review-essay-evaluating-resistance-operations-in-western-europe-during-world-war-ii/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D6N3GDVZ,2021-03-01,J. R. Seeger,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T08:24:42Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3420,Commentary: Going Beyond English to Better See the World,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-1-march-2021/commentary-going-beyond-english-to-better-see-the-world/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6XZQTGM6,2021-03-01,Stephen C. Mercado,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T08:00:22Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3421,Learning in the Mud: From Training Individuals to Building an Organization that Learns: The Case for After Action Reviews in Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-1-march-2021/learning-in-the-mud-from-training-individuals-to-building-an-organization-that-learns-the-case-for-after-action-reviews-in-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NM396HMQ,2021-03-01,George Sims,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T07:57:35Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3422,Lessons from SABLE SPEAR: The Application of an Artificial Intelligence Methodology in the Business of Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-1-march-2021/lessons-from-sable-spear-the-application-of-an-artificial-intelligence-methodology-in-the-business-of-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MT96PDM5,2021-03-01,Craig A. Dudley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T07:55:19Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3423,"The Nazi Spy Ring in America: Hitler's Agents, the FBI, and the Case That Stirred the Nation",Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/The-Nazi-Spy-Ring-in-America,"The first full account of Nazi spies in 1930s America and how they were exposed. In the mid-1930s just as the United States was embarking on a policy of neutrality, Nazi Germany launched a program of espionage against the unwary nation. The Nazi Spy Ring in America tells the story of Hitler’s attempts to interfere in American affairs by spreading anti-Semitic propaganda, stealing military technology, and mapping US defenses. This fast-paced history provides essential insight into the role of espionage in shaping American perceptions of Germany in the years leading up to US entry into World War II. Fascinating and thoroughly researched, The Nazi Spy Ring in America sheds light on a now-forgotten but significant episode in the history of international relations and the development of the FBI. Using recently declassified documents, prize-winning historian Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones narrates this little-known chapter in US history. He shows how Germany’s foreign intelligence service, the Abwehr, was able to steal top secret US technology such as a prototype codebreaking machine and data about the latest fighter planes. At the center of the story is Leon Turrou, the FBI agent who helped bring down the Nazi spy ring in a case that quickly transformed into a national sensation. The arrest and prosecution of four members of the ring was a high-profile case with all the trappings of fiction: fast cars, louche liaisons, a murder plot, a Manhattan socialite, and a ringleader codenamed Agent Sex. Part of the story of breaking the Nazi spy ring is also the rise and fall of Turrou, whose talent was matched only by his penchant for publicity, which eventually caused him to run afoul of J. Edgar Hoover's strict codes of conduct.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AQY6J9ZZ,2020-09-01,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Georgetown University Press,,2024-02-09T07:52:15Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3424,"War of Shadows: Codebreakers, Spies, and the Secret Struggle to Drive the Nazis from the Middle East",Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/gershom-gorenberg/war-of-shadows/9781549186400/?lens=publicaffairs,"In this World War II military history, Rommel's army is a day from Cairo, a week from Tel Aviv, and the SS is ready for action. Espionage brought the Nazis this far, but espionage can stop them—if Washington wakes up to the danger. As World War II raged in North Africa, General Erwin Rommel was guided by an uncanny sense of his enemies' plans and weaknesses. In the summer of 1942, he led his Axis army swiftly and terrifyingly toward Alexandria, with the goal of overrunning the entire Middle East. Each step was informed by detailed updates on British positions. The Nazis, somehow, had a source for the Allies' greatest secrets. Yet the Axis powers were not the only ones with intelligence. Brilliant Allied cryptographers worked relentlessly at Bletchley Park, breaking down the extraordinarily complex Nazi code Enigma. From decoded German messages, they discovered that the enemy had a wealth of inside information. On the brink of disaster, a fevered and high-stakes search for the source began. War of Shadows is the cinematic story of the race for information in the North African theater of World War II, set against intrigues that spanned the Middle East. Years in the making, this book is a feat of historical research and storytelling, and a rethinking of the popular narrative of the war. It portrays the conflict not as an inevitable clash of heroes and villains but a spiraling series of failures, accidents, and desperate triumphs that decided the fate of the Middle East and quite possibly the outcome of the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9HKYEJG3,2021-06-19, Gorenberg,Hachette Books,,2024-02-09T07:50:35Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3425,Atomic Spy: The Dark Lives of Klaus Fuchs,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/607058/atomic-spy-by-nancy-thorndike-greenspan/,"ABOUT ATOMIC SPY “Nancy Greenspan dives into the mysteries of the Klaus Fuchs espionage case and emerges with a classic Cold War biography of intrigue and torn loyalties. Atomic Spy is a mesmerizing morality tale, told with fresh sources and empathy.” —Kai Bird, author of The Good Spy and coauthor of American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer The gripping biography of a notorious Cold War villain—the German-born British scientist who handed the Soviets top-secret American plans for the plutonium bomb—showing a man torn between conventional loyalties and a sense of obligation to a greater good. German by birth, British by naturalization, Communist by conviction, Klaus Fuchs was a fearless Nazi resister, a brilliant scientist, and an infamous spy. He was convicted of espionage by Britain in 1950 for handing over the designs of the plutonium bomb to the Russians, and has gone down in history as one of the most dangerous agents in American and British history. He put an end to America’s nuclear hegemony and single-handedly heated up the Cold War. But, was Klaus Fuchs really evil? Using archives long hidden in Germany as well as intimate family correspondence, Nancy Thorndike Greenspan brings into sharp focus the moral and political ambiguity of the times in which Fuchs lived and the ideals with which he struggled. As a university student in Germany, he stood up to Nazi terror without flinching, and joined the Communists largely because they were the only ones resisting the Nazis. After escaping to Britain in 1933, he was arrested as a German émigré—an “enemy alien”—in 1940 and sent to an internment camp in Canada. His mentor at university, renowned physicist Max Born, worked to facilitate his release. After years of struggle and ideological conflict, when Fuchs joined the atomic bomb project, his loyalties were firmly split. He started handing over top secret research to the Soviets in 1941, and continued for years from deep within the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos. Greenspan’s insights into his motivations make us realize how he was driven not just by his Communist convictions but seemingly by a dedication to peace, seeking to level the playing field of the world powers. With thrilling detail from never-before-seen sources, Atomic Spy travels across the Germany of an ascendant Nazi party; the British university classroom of Max Born; a British internment camp in Canada; the secret laboratories of Los Alamos; and Eastern Germany at the height of the Cold War. Atomic Spy shows the real Klaus Fuchs—who he was, what he did, why he did it, and how he was caught. His extraordinary life is a cautionary tale about the ambiguity of morality and loyalty, as pertinent today as in the 1940s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NC8X3RUZ,2021-05-11,Nancy T. Greenspan,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-09T07:48:46Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3426,Stranger than Fiction John Franklin Carter’s Career as FDR’s Private Intelligence Operative by Steve Usdin,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-2-june-2021/stranger-than-fiction-john-franklin-carters-career-as-fdrs-private-intelligence-operative-by-steve-usdin/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K57XQT9N,2021-06-01,Steve Usdin,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T07:44:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3427,The Quiet Warrior Rear Admiral Sidney Souers and the Emergence of CIA’s Covert Action Authority Dr. Bianca Adair,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-2-june-2021/the-quiet-warrior-rear-admiral-sidney-souers-and-the-emergence-of-cias-covert-action-authority-dr-bianca-adair/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LUD4LLM5,2021-06-01,Bianca Adair,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T07:42:09Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3428,Operation Dragon: Inside the Kremlin's Secret War on America,Book,https://www.encounterbooks.com/books/operation-dragon/,"Former director of Central Intelligence R. James Woolsey and former Romanian acting spy chief Lt. General Ion Mihai Pacepa, who was granted political asylum in the U.S. in 1978, describe why Russia remains an extremely dangerous force in the world, and they finally and definitively put to rest the question of who killed President Kennedy on November 22, 1963. All evidence points to the fact that the assassination—carried out by Lee Harvey Oswald—was ordered by Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, acting through what was essentially the Russian leader’s personal army, the KGB (now known as the FSB). This evidence, which is codified as most things in foreign intelligence are, has never before been jointly decoded by a top U.S. foreign intelligence leader and a former Soviet bloc spy chief familiar with KGB patterns and codes. Meanwhile, dozens of conspiracy theorists have written books about the JFK assassination during the past fifty-six years. Most of these theories blame America and were largely triggered by the KGB disinformation campaign implemented in the intense effort to remove Russia’s own fingerprints that blamed in turn Lyndon Johnson, the CIA, secretive groups of American oilmen, Howard Hughes, Fidel Castro, and the Mafia. Russian propaganda sowed hatred and contempt for the U.S. quite effectively, and its operations have morphed into many forms, including the recruitment of global terror groups and the backing of enemy nation-states. Yet it was the JFK assassination, with its explosive aftermath of false conspiracy theories, that set the model for blaming America first.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K68ZZGRK,2021-02-23,James Woolsey,Encounter Books,,2024-02-09T00:49:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3429,Dead Doubles: The Extraordinary Worldwide Hunt for one of the Cold War's mostt Notorious Spy Rings,Book,https://www.orionbooks.co.uk/titles/trevor-barnes-3/dead-doubles/9781474609111/,"THE PORTLAND SPY RING was one of the most infamous espionage cases from the Cold War. People the world over were shocked when its exposure revealed the shadowy world of deep cover KGB ‘illegals’ – spies operating under false identities stolen from the dead. The CIA’s revelation to MI5 in 1960 that a KGB agent was stealing crucial secrets from the world-leading submarine research base at Portland in Dorset looked initially like a dangerous but contained lapse of security by a British man and his mistress. But the couple were tailed by MI5 ‘watchers’ to a covert meeting with a Canadian businessman, Gordon Lonsdale. The unsuspecting Lonsdale in turn led MI5’s spycatchers to an innocent-looking couple in suburban Ruislip called the Krogers. But within weeks the CIA rang the alarm – their critical source of intelligence was to defect within hours – and MI5 was forced to act immediately. The Krogers were exposed as two of the most important Russian ‘illegals’ ever, whom the Americans had been hunting for years. And Lonsdale was no Canadian, but a senior KGB controller. This astonishing but true story of MI5’s spyhunt is straight from the world of John le Carré and is told here for the first time using hitherto secret MI5 and FBI files, private family archives and original interviews. Its tentacles stretch around the world – from America, to the USSR, Canada, New Zealand, Europe and the UK. DEAD DOUBLES is a gripping episode of Cold War history, and a case that fully justified the West’s paranoia about infiltration and treachery.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S9B7D98P,2021-07-22,Trevor Barnes,Orion,,2024-02-09T00:47:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3430,From a Historical Perspective in Public Literature: Selected Bibliography of Intelligence Integration Literature,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-3-september-2021-special-issue/from-a-historical-perspective-in-public-literature-selected-bibliography-of-intelligence-integration-literature/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SH6GLT3L,2021-09-01,Gary B. Keeley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:44:17Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3431,From a Former ODNI Ombudsperson Perspective: Safeguarding Objectivity in Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-3-september-2021-special-issue/from-a-former-odni-ombudsperson-perspective-safeguarding-objectivity-in-intelligence-analysis/,"Analytic objectivity is a core ethic for intelligence professionals, something that all analysts and managers of analysis are all expected to uphold. It is fundamental to the very idea of speaking truth to power.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q2ITTRCV,2021-09-01,Barry Zulauf,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:42:58Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3432,From a Historical Perspective: Impact of Intelligence Integration on CIA Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-3-september-2021-special-issue/from-a-historical-perspective-impact-of-intelligence-integration-on-cia-analysis/,"This article focuses on the integration of intelligence analysis, just one important element of the US Intelligence Community’s national security mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CJXSNCLR,2021-09-01,Peter A. Clement,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:41:38Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3433,From Capitol Hill—Intelligence Integration: A Congressional Oversight Perspective,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-3-september-2021-special-issue/from-capitol-hill-intelligence-integration-a-congressional-oversight-perspective/,The government needed a more robust and stable bridge between agencies focused on events abroad (principally the IC) and those focused on events at home.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GTP6XKD7,2021-09-01,Jon Rosenwasser,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:40:21Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3434,Intelligence Community Reform: A Cultural Evolution,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-54-no-3/intelligence-community-reform-a-cultural-evolution/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BDYECQXN,2010-09-01,Robert Cardillo,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:39:09Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3435,A DNI's Overview: Reflections on Integration in the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-3-september-2021-special-issue/a-dnis-overview-reflections-on-integration-in-the-intelligence-community/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DVK5Y8SN,2021-09-01,"Jim Clapper, Trey Brown",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:38:04Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3436,Sleeper Agent: The Atomic Spy in America Who Got Away,Book,https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Sleeper-Agent/Ann-Hagedorn/9781501173950,"This “historical page-turner of the highest order” (The Wall Street Journal) tells the chilling, little-known story of an American-born Soviet spy ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q5DKJT3Q,2022-06-28,Ann Hagedorn,Simon & Schuster,,2024-02-09T00:33:55Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3437,Clarity in Crisis: Leadership Lessons from the CIA,Book,https://www.harpercollinsleadership.com/9781400223893/clarity-in-crisis,"Meet your next crisis head on and get through it stronger than ever by using the hard-earned strategies and core principles from Marc Polymeropoulos, a highly decorated, 26-year operations officer with the CIA. Marc Polymeropoulos has had to live with the consequences of decisions made under the most high-stress circumstances you can imagine as a senior intelligence officer in the CIA, retiring from his 26 years of service as one of the CIA’s most decorated field officers. Though your crisis situations may not entail international counter terrorism as Marc’s did, in our age of social media and a 24-hour news cycle, the consequences of mishandling a crisis can escalate quickly, leaving irreparable damage to a company’s reputation and bottom line in its wake. In Clarity in Crisis, Marc shares how true leaders need to lead in and through times of crisis and thrive under conditions of ambiguity, rather than message their way out or duck from hard decisions. This book provides proven strategies and core principles that leaders can apply to meet any crisis head on and lead through it, including: The critical elements to managing crisis, such as knowing who you can always count on to execute under high-stress situations. An understanding of the importance of following and stressing key fundamentals and avoiding shortcuts that often do more harm than good. Implementation guidance from the “Mad Minute” section at the end of each chapter that summarizes key points and action items you can begin applying right away. How to gain confidence that you are ready for the next crisis and embrace any situation with no fear. Far from mere theory, Clarity in Crisis outlines the unique mindset and strategies Marc himself practiced and honed throughout his remarkable career. The core principles outlined in these pages will help you find unshakeable clarity in crisis and lead when others want to flee.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9R44MZVD,2022-09-13,Marc Polymeropoulos,Harper Collins Publishers,,2024-02-09T00:32:17Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3438,Intelligence and Congress: The Nomination of George H. W. Bush as DCI,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-4-december-2021/intelligence-and-congress-the-nomination-of-george-h-w-bush-as-dci/,"As President Gerald Ford’s nominee to lead the Intelligence Community and CIA, Bush marked an important inflection point in the nomination and confirmation process.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QCSW9GVA,2021-12-01,Timothy Ray,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:31:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3439,From an Oversight Perspective: Interview with Former US Senator Gary Hart,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-4-december-2021/from-an-oversight-perspective-interview-with-former-us-senator-gary-hart/,"The following are excerpts from an interview with former US Senator Gary Hart by CIA Chief Historian David Robarge on January 23, 2020. A freshman senator in 1975, Hart (D-Colorado) had a front-row seat on a tumultuous period that marked a new approach to congressional oversight. Questions are italicized, and the content has been edited for clarity and length.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JBZII7X2,2021-12-01,David Robarge,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:29:26Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3440,"Looking for More ""Imagination"": Fostering Creativity in the IC: Insights from Four Decades Ago.",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-4-december-2021/looking-for-more-imagination-fostering-creativity-in-the-ic-insights-from-four-decades-ago/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2M72WAE7,2021-12-01,James D. Marchio,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:26:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3441,Intelligence History: Cuba's Strategy in Latin America: Intelligence Estimates and the Historical Record,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-4-december-2021/intelligence-history-cubas-strategy-in-latin-america-intelligence-estimates-and-the-historical-record/,"Given the opening of archives in Latin America over the last two decades, it is an opportune time to look back at how accurate assessments were and what lessons, if any, can be learned for intelligence professionals today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PP8E3P9L,2021-12-01,Matthew D. Jacobs,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:24:32Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3442,Voice of Experience: Principles of Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-65-no-4-december-2021/voice-of-experience-principles-of-intelligence-analysis/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/97ELF85Y,2021-12-01,Robert Levine,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-09T00:23:40Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3443,First Casualty: The Untold Story of the CIA Mission to Avenge 9/11,Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/toby-harnden/first-casualty/9780316540964/,"An award-winning journalist reveals the dramatic true story of the CIA's Team Alpha, the first Americans to be dropped behind enemy lines in Afghanistan after 9/11.America is reeling; Al-Qaeda has struck and thousands are dead. The country scrambles to respond, but the Pentagon has no plan for Afghanistan—where Osama bin Laden masterminded the attack and is protected by the Taliban. Instead, the CIA steps forward to spearhead the war. Eight CIA officers are dropped into the mountains of northern Afghanistan on October 17, 2001. They are Team Alpha, an eclectic band of linguists, tribal experts, and elite warriors: the first Americans to operate inside Taliban territory. Their covert mission is to track down Al- Qaeda and stop the terrorists from infiltrating the United States again. First Casualty places you with Team Alpha as the CIA rides into battle on horseback alongside the warlord Abdul Rashid Dostum. In Washington, DC, few trust that the CIA men, the Green Berets, and the Americans’ outnumbered Afghan allies can prevail before winter sets in. On the ground, Team Alpha is undeterred. The Taliban is routed but hatches a plot with Al-Qaeda to hit back. Hundreds of suicidal fighters, many hiding weapons, fake a surrender and are transported to Qala-i Jangi—the “Fort of War.” Team Alpha’s Mike Spann, an ex-Marine, and David Tyson, a polyglot former Central Asian studies academic, seize America’s initial opportunity to extract intelligence from men trained by bin Laden—among them a young Muslim convert from California. The prisoners revolt and one CIA officer falls—the first casualty in America’s longest war, which will last two decades. The other CIA man shoots dead the Al-Qaeda jihadists attacking his comrade. To survive, he must fight his way out against overwhelming odds. Award-winning author Toby Harnden gained unprecedented access to all living Team Alpha members and every level of the CIA. Superbly researched, First Casualty draws on extensive interviews, secret documents, and deep reporting inside Afghanistan. As gripping as any adventure novel, yet intimate and profoundly moving, it tells how America found a winning strategy only to abandon it. Harnden reveals that the lessons of early victory and the haunting foretelling it contained—unreliable allies, ethnic rivalries, suicide attacks, and errant US bombs—were ignored, tragically fueling a twenty-year conflict. ""Masterful, complex, and heartfelt, from the deeply personal to the critically strategic. Captures many lessons on many levels."" —Ambassador Hank Crumpton, former senior CIA officer",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QKMVV2CZ,2021-09-07,Toby Harden,Hachette Books,,2024-02-08T22:48:08Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3444,A Foreshadowing of Modern Intelligence Analysis in 10th Century Byzantium,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-1-march-2022/a-foreshadowing-of-modern-intelligence-analysis-in-10th-century-byzantium/,Ancient empires needed information on their enemies and rivals and worked to acquire it through networks of spies and to communicate it rapidly back to palaces—including with fire signaling. The assessment . . . is presumed to have taken place among individuals but without an institutional basis and without being written.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VEV69ZQ6,2022-03-01,Andrew S. Gilmour,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T21:25:54Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3445,The Origins of Battlefield Photography as Military Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-1-march-2022/the-origins-of-battlefield-photography-as-military-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZDMPZRM,2022-03-01,Cory M. Pfarr,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T21:17:27Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3446,Covert Sabotage: Explosive Coal—Bombs Hiding in Plain Sight,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-1-march-2022/covert-sabotage-explosive-coal-bombs-hiding-in-plain-sight/,Many entities have long worked to create covert sabotage devices to achieve their ends. Most have been clumsy or nearly overt while others have been ingenious. One of these was a disarmingly simple device developed during the US Civil War: explosive coal.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8U2WCCWN,2022-03-01,David A. Welker,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T21:05:35Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3447,"UK closer to large-scale conflict than in many years, intelligence official says",Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2024/feb/08/uk-closer-to-large-scale-conflict-than-in-many-years-intelligence-official-says,Official cites Ukraine war and China threat and raises concern over turnover of top government ministers,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7QK29LRJ,2024-02-08T07:27:34.000Z,Dan Sabbagh,,The Guardian,2024-02-08T18:58:49Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3448,RAF Wyton: Inside the ‘jewel in the crown of British Defence Intelligence’,Newspaper article,https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/02/08/inside-jewel-intelligence-crown-raf-wyton-china-russia/,The top-secret base plays a critical role in intelligence gathering – as one official warns ‘this is the most dangerous time in 40 years’,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FIWYBN5H,2024-02-08,Dominic Nicholls,,The Telegraph,2024-02-08T18:56:13Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3449,Why China Can’t Export Its Model of Surveillance,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/why-china-cant-export-its-model-surveillance?utm_source=twitter_posts&utm_campaign=tw_daily_soc&utm_medium=social,It’s not the tech that empowers big brother in Beijing—it’s the informants.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7XL7IG3H,2024-02-06,Minxin Pei,,Foreign Affairs,2024-02-08T18:55:45Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3450,"The Challenges of Espionage and Counterespionage Operations: Running SOLO: FBI’s Case of Morris and Jack Childs, 1952–77",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-1-march-2022/running-solo-fbis-case-of-morris-and-jack-childs-1952-77/,"Operation SOLO was a long-running FBI program to infiltrate the Communist Party of the United States and gather intelligence about its relationship to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, China, and other communist nations. It officially began in 1958 and ended in 1977, although Morris and Jack Childs, two of the principal agents in the operation, had been involved with the Bureau for several years prior. The files range from March 1958 to April 1966.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ECKP8NGJ,2022-03-01,"Harvey Klehr, Earl Haynes",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T18:02:42Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3451,President Eisenhower and CIA Prisoners in China,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-1-march-2022/president-eisenhower-and-cia-prisoners-in-china/,"There is much that remains to be told, including the Eisenhower administration’s handling of the unexpected revelation that Jack Downey and Dick Fecteau were in the hands of PRC authorities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N9HV87HJ,2022-03-01,Nicholas Dujmovic,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T18:01:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3452,An Allied Perspective on Cyber: Shape or Deter? Managing Cyber-Espionage Threats to National Security Interests,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-1-march-2022/an-allied-perspective-on-cyber-shape-or-deter-managing-cyber-espionage-threats-to-national-security-interests/,"Opting out of cyber espionage places modern intelligence collection organizations at a strategic disadvantage; by not participating, they would inevitably miss out on intelligence that is difficult if not impossible to collect using existing traditional means.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SN8V3F4K,2022-03-01,Lester Godefrey,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T18:00:29Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3453,Nazis on the Potomac: The Top-Secret Intelligence Operation that Helped Win World War II,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Nazis-on-the-Potomac-Hardback/p/22679,"Now a green open space enjoyed by residents, Fort Hunt, Virginia, about 15 miles south of Washington, DC. was the site of one of the…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M36S9KDW,2023-11-15,Robert K. Sutton,Pen and Sword,,2024-02-08T17:58:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3454,Libya and Nautical Terrorism—Revisiting the 1984 Naval Mining of the Red Sea: Intelligence Challenges and Lessons,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-2-june-2022/libya-and-nautical-terrorism-revisiting-the-1984-naval-mining-of-the-red-sea-intelligence-challenges-and-lessons/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B6ZCIT8Q,2022-06-01,Richard A. Mobley,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T17:54:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3455,"Fifty Years On: The White House, Richard Helms, and Watergate",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-2-june-2022/fifty-years-on-the-white-house-richard-helms-and-watergate/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L6QTLS7B,2022-06-01,Peter S. Usowski,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T17:53:12Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3456,Spying from the Sky: At the Controls of US Cold War Aerial Intelligence,Book,https://www.casematepublishers.com/9781612008363/spying-from-the-sky/,"This is the biography of pilot Col. William Gregory, whose astonishing career with the CIA and the US Air Force encompassed the attempts by US intelligence t...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZB85JHJA,2020-02-01,Robert Richardson,Casemate Publishers,,2024-02-08T17:11:14Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3457,A Drop of Treason: Philip Agee and His Exposure of the CIA,Book,https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/D/bo23027534.html,"Philip Agee’s story is the stuff of a John le Carré novel—perilous and thrilling adventures around the globe. He joined the CIA as a young idealist, becoming an operations officer in hopes of seeing the world and safeguarding his country. He was the consummate intelligence insider, thoroughly entrenched in the shadow world. But in 1975, he became the first such person to publicly betray the CIA—a pariah whose like was not seen again until Edward Snowden. For almost forty years in exile, he was a thorn in the side of his country. The first biography of this contentious, legendary man, Jonathan Stevenson’s A Drop of Treason is a thorough portrait of Agee and his place in the history of American foreign policy and the intelligence community during the Cold War and beyond. Unlike mere whistleblowers, Agee exposed American spies by publicly blowing their covers. And he didn’t stop there—his was a lifelong political struggle that firmly allied him with the social movements of the global left and against the American project itself from the early 1970s on. Stevenson examines Agee’s decision to turn, how he sustained it, and how his actions intersected with world events. Having made profound betrayals and questionable decisions, Agee lived a rollicking, existentially fraught life filled with risk. He traveled the world, enlisted Gabriel García Márquez in his cause, married a ballerina, and fought for what he believed was right. Raised a conservative Jesuit in Tampa, he died a socialist expat in Havana. In A Drop of Treason, Stevenson reveals what made Agee tick—and what made him run.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PWMCXUBL,2021-05-01,Jonathan Stevenson,University of Chicago Press,,2024-02-08T17:10:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3458,Collective Discussion: Toward Critical Approaches to Intelligence as a Social Phenomenon,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa015,"This collective discussion proposes a novel understanding of intelligence as a social phenomenon, taking place in a social space that increasingly involves actors and professional fields not immediately seen as part of intelligence. This discussion is a response to the inherent functionalism in Intelligence Studies (IS) that conceives of intelligence as a cycle serving policymakers. Instead, our interventions seek to problematize and break with this notion of the cycle and show what an alternative study of intelligence would look like. In the first part of the discussion, we situate our intervention in the broader fields of IS and International Political Sociology. Espousing a transdisciplinary approach, we build our four interventions as transversal lines cutting through a social space in which agents with differing stakes participate and reframe the meaning and practice of intelligence. Intelligence professionals not only have to reckon with policymakers, but also increasingly with law enforcement agents, representatives from the science and technology sector, judges, lawyers, activists, and Internet users themselves. Each move takes a step further away from the intelligence cycle by introducing new empirical sites, actors, and stakes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MEYAAIFG,2020-09-01,"Hager Ben Jaffel, Alvina Hoffmann, Oliver Kearns, Sebastian Larsson",,International Political Sociology,2024-02-08T14:54:07Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1093/ips/olaa015,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3047168489,33.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3047168489,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://academic.oup.com/ips/article-pdf/14/3/323/33663058/olaa015.pdf,1.0 3459,A Mission for the National Intelligence University: Transformational Learning for Intelligence Professionals,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-3-september-2022/a-mission-for-the-national-intelligence-university-transformational-learning-for-intelligence-professionals/,This article presents the findings and implications of a small qualitative study meant to assist educators and others charged with developing the IC workforce. I wanted to explore how NIU students make meaning when they arrive at NIU and to understand how that evolves during their time as full-time students.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2UFT7R8,2022-09-01,Julie Mendosa,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T13:09:24Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3460,"The First Counterspy: Larry Haas, Bell Aircraft, and the FBI's Attempt to Capture a Soviet Mole",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781493061570/The-First-Counterspy-Larry-Haas-Bell-Aircraft-and-the-FBIs-Attempt-to-Capture-a-Soviet-Mole,"The First Counterspy is the pulse-quickening and traumatic story of spy, counterspy, and an American family unwittingly caught in its web. Until this case, the FBI had never recruited civilian cou...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I6FRQFFB,2022-05-01,"Kay Haas, Walter W. Pickut",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-02-08T13:05:56Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3461,The KGB and the Vatican: Secrets of the Mitrokhin Files,Book,https://www.cuapress.org/9781949822229/the-kgb-and-the-vatican/,"One of the greatest ironies of the history of Soviet rule is that, for an officially atheistic state, those in the political police and in the Politburo devoted an enormous amount of time and attention to the question of religion. The Soviet government’s policies toward religious institutions in the USSR, and toward religious institutions in the non-Communist world, reflected this, especially when it came to the Vatican and Catholic Churches, both the Latin and Byzantine Rite, in Soviet territory. The KGB and the Vatican consists of the transcripts of KGB records concerning the policies of the Soviet secret police towards the Vatican and the Catholic Church in the Communist world, transcripts provided by KGB archivist and defector Vasili Mitrokhin, from the Second Vatican Council to the election of John Paul II. Among the topics covered include how the Soviet regime viewed the efforts of John XXIII and Paul VI of reaching out to eastern side of the Iron Curtain, the experience of the Roman Catholic Church in Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and the underground Greek Catholic Church in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, the religious underground in the key cities of Leningrad and Moscow, and finally the election of John Paul II and its effect on the tumultuous events in Poland in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This valuable primary source collection also contains a historical introduction written by the translator, Sean Brennan, a professor of History at the University of Scranton.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P9CACXI7,2022-08-01,Sean Brennan,The Catholic University of America Press,,2024-02-08T13:04:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3462,Combating Surprise: Introducing the Kinetic Predictive Analytic Technique,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-4-december-2022/combating-surprise-introducing-the-kinetic-predictive-analytic-technique/,"The purpose of this article is to provide an analytic framework that will facilitate strong predictive judgments and their corollary, the detection of strategic surprise, sometimes referred to as discontinuous change or the idea that present-day capabilities or dynamics will change abruptly and unexpectedly.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MLIKB9D5,2022-12-01,Chris Batchelder,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T12:56:36Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3463,Insider Threats: Exposing the Cracks: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Organizational Justice in the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-66-no-4-december-2022/insider-threats-exposing-the-cracks-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-organizational-justice-in-the-intelligence-community/,"Through their actions, supervisors have the ability to influence how employees feel valued and supported at work. How supervisors communicate information, enforce policies, endorse assistance, and treat personnel can cause employees to contemplate the equity in decisionmaking and the conduct of the organization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P5A5EE64,2022-12-01,Chloe Wilson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T12:55:18Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3464,Capturing Eichmann: The Memoirs of a Mossad Spymaster,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Capturing-Eichmann-Hardback/p/21437,"Argentina, 1960. A car speeds through the streets of Buenos Aires. Inside are four Israeli secret agents and their prisoner: one of the most notorious war criminals of Nazi Germany. The Mossad operatives need to get this man, Adolf Eichmann, back to Israel to be tried for his crimes. Holding Eichmann’s head in his lap is the leader of this ambitious mission, Rafi Eitan, whom Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu later described as ‘one of the heroes of Israeli intelligence’. In this fast-paced and detailed memoir, Rafi Eitan tells the story of his remarkable life and career as an elite soldier and spymaster. He describes how as a teenager, he smuggled Jewish refugees into Palestine as part of the Palmach unit and how, as a spy in the newly established Mossad, he swam through sewers to blow up a British radar station, earning the name ‘Rafi the Stinker’. He goes on to describe in detail his involvement in the extraordinary hunt for the Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann. Eitan's espionage career eventually ended over his involvement in the controversial Jonathan Pollard espionage affair, which sparked intense debate over Israel’s relations with the US. Packed with new insights into Eitan's role at the heart of Israeli military and intelligence organisations, this is a gripping read and essential reading for anyone interested in espionage history and the daring operation to capture Adolf Eichmann.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CWGJFM8B,2022-07-01,Rafi Eitan,Pen and Sword,,2024-02-08T11:41:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3465,White Malice: The CIA and the Neocolonisation of Africa,Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/white-malice/,"Accra, 1958. Africa’s liberation leaders have gathered for a conference, full of strength, purpose and vision. Newly independent Ghana’s Kwame Nkrumah and Congo’s Patrice Lumumba strike up a close partnership. Everything seems possible. But, within a few years, both men will have been targeted by the CIA, and their dream of true African autonomy undermined. The United States, watching the Europeans withdraw from Africa, was determined to take control. Pan-Africanism was inspiring African Americans fighting for civil rights; the threat of Soviet influence over new African governments loomed; and the idea of an atomic reactor in black hands was unacceptable. The conclusion was simple: the US had to ‘recapture’ Africa, in the shadows, by any means necessary. Renowned historian Susan Williams dives into the archives, revealing new, shocking details of America’s covert programme in Africa. The CIA crawled over the continent, poisoning the hopes of 1958 with secret agents and informants; surreptitious UN lobbying; cultural infiltration and bribery; assassinations and coups. As the colonisers moved out, the Americans swept in—with bitter consequences that reverberate in Africa to this day.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6V6QDP9F,2021-09-01,Susan Williams,Hurst Publishers,,2024-02-08T11:39:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3466,From the Archive—Guardian Spies: The US Coast Guard and OSS Maritime Operations During World War II,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-1-extracts-march-2023/from-the-archive-guardian-spies-the-us-coast-guard-and-oss-maritime-operations-during-world-war-ii/,"Editor’s note: We have republished this article from the December 2008 issue of Studies in Intelligence to provide some insight into the Coast Guard’s historical connection to the work of intelligence. As the Intelligence Community continues its transformation and the Coast Guard intelligence program experiences enormous growth, members of both communities would be well served by reflecting on the contributions Coast Guard intelligence has made in the past. From its beginning as the Revenue Marine in 1790, the Coast Guard’s unique authorities, industry access, and culture of adaptability have allowed it to make great contributions to intelligence and to important military successes in our nation’s history. Archived documents, many originally classified, and published histories show that Coast Guard intelligence officers have turned up in some unlikely places—sometimes by design, sometimes by accident, but most by dint of the nature of Coast Guard operations and missions. Examples include scouting and information gathering by revenue cutters during the War of 1812; Rum War cryptanalysis and code breaking in the 1920s; HF/DF decryption work under the Office of Naval Intelligence before and during World War II, including the work of Field Radio Unit Pacific; contributions to ULTRA; and the Maritime Unit of the Office of Strategic Services. The Coast Guard’s contribution to the latter effort was barely noted in the official history of OSS written after the war’s end. This article is intended to illuminate this little-known aspect of intelligence history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JKULE2B5,2023-03-01,Michael Bennett,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T11:20:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3467,"Intelligence on the High Seas: Using Intelligence to Counter Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-1-extracts-march-2023/intelligence-on-the-high-seas-using-intelligence-to-counter-illegal-unreported-and-unregulated-fishing/,"Identifying IUU is a needle-in-a-haystack problem. Which boats are engaged in IUU fishing? How can one determine that a vessel is so engaged? What is the flag nation of the vessel of interest? Who owns the vessel? Answering these and other questions requires surveillance, deep understanding of fishing operations and behavior, and analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LBBYXL9J,2023-03-01,Peter C. Oleson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T11:18:55Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3468,Hitler's Nest of Vipers: The Rise Of The Abwehr,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Hitlers-Nest-of-Vipers-Hardback/p/21679,"Modern historians have consistently condemned the Abwehr, Germany’s military intelligence service, and its SS equivalent, the Sicherheitsdienst (SD), as incompetent and even corrupt organizations. However,…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YHYKNYM6,2022-09-30,Nigel West,Pen and Sword,,2024-02-08T11:15:42Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3469,"Hacker, Influencer, Faker, Spy: Intelligence Agencies in the Digital Age",Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/hacker-influencer-faker-spy/,"Analyses how espionage operates in the age of rapid technological development, identity politics, plausible deniability, uncertainty and distrust of authority",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9T68TY6G,2022-10-01,Robert Dover,Hurst Publishers,,2024-02-08T11:12:48Z,"['8XXD789V', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3470,From the Archive: A Basic Tension: Openess and Secrecy,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-2-extracts-june-2023/from-the-archive-a-basic-tension-openess-and-secrecy/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D636FA7L,2023-06-01,David D. Gries,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T11:06:54Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3471,Commentary: Transformational Learning Theory and Alternatives to Obstacles in the Development of Intelligence Professionals,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-2-extracts-june-2023/commentary-transformational-learning-theory-and-alternatives-to-obstacles-in-the-development-of-intelligence-professionals/,"Editor's note: Studies is committed to professional and substantive debate on issues relevant to the intelligence practitioner. In this commentary, Steven Shenouda et al. offer a critique of Dr. Julie Mendosa's article ""Transformational Learning for Intelligence professionals"" (Studies 66, no. 3 [September 2022]). The article explored how students at the National Intelligence University make meaning and suggested that intelligence organizations should create developmental cultures by providing opportunities for discourse, collaboration, and sharing.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/STDNZPRB,2023-06-01,Steven G. Shenouda,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T11:01:40Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3472,"An Enduring Debate: US Intelligence: Profession, Community, or Enterprise?",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-2-extracts-june-2023/an-enduring-debate-us-intelligence-profession-community-or-enterprise/,"My contention is that intelligence is not one profession but rather a complex amalgam of multiple professions. To call it a single profession in and of itself shorts intelligence; it deprives it of the wide expanse and increasing depth of all it is asked to do and of the complicated, layered wherewithal to achieve its manifold objectives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/23DL6NNI,2023-06-01,Bowman H. Miller,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T11:00:37Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3473,Intelligence and Congress: The Story Behind the Unprecedented Open Testimony on Soviet Strategic Forces in June 1985,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-2-extracts-june-2023/intelligence-and-congress-the-story-behind-the-unprecedented-open-testimony-on-soviet-strategic-forces-in-june-1985/,"During the Cold War, public testimony by senior US intelligence officials describing highly classified IC estimates of foreign military capabilities was not only not the norm, it was unheard of",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GZBC964L,2023-06-01,Christopher A. Williams,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T10:58:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3474,Becoming a Learning Organization: Reflections on the Study of Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-2-extracts-june-2023/becoming-a-learning-organization-reflections-on-the-study-of-intelligence/,"Today, Studies in Intelligence and the scholarly research programs in CSI have paramount roles in sustaining and growing the fund of knowledge on the intelligence business. CIA senior leadership’s attention to and support for these enterprises have had a direct impact on the agency’s successful attempts to study intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZKKMVAH2,2023-06-01,Peter S. Usowski,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T10:57:05Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3475,Agents of Influence: How the KGB Subverted Western Democracies,Book,https://oneworld-publications.com/work/agents-of-influence/,"Agents of Influence reveals the secret history of an intelligence agency gone out of control, accountable to no one but itself and intent on subverting Western politics on a near-inconceivable scale. In 1985, 1,300 KGB officers were stationed in the USA. The FBI only had 350 counter-intelligence officers. Since the early days of the Cold War, the KGB seduced parliamentarians and diplomats, infiltrated the highest echelons of the Civil Service, and planted fake news in papers across the world. More disturbingly, it never stopped. Putin is a KGB man through and through. Journalist Mark Hollingworth reveals how disinformation, kompromat and secret surveillance continue to play key roles in Russia’s war with Ukraine. It seems frighteningly easy to destabilise Western democracy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/64BA4HAL,2024-04-04,Mark Hollingsworth,Oneworld Publications,,2024-02-08T10:42:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3476,"Danger Zone: US Clandestine Reconnaissance Operations along the West Berlin Air Corridors, 1945-1990",Book,https://www.helion.co.uk/military-history-books/danger-zone-us-clandestine-reconnaissance-operations-along-the-west-berlin-air-corridors-1945-1990.php,"Divided in two for decades between the late 1940s and early 1990s, Germany was the hottest ‘battlefield’ of the Cold War. Its western part was dotted by dozens of major military facilities of the reconstituted national armed forces and those of the NATO allies, foremost the USA, Great Britain and France. Even more so, one third of East Germany was under the control of the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and housed several dozens of major air and ground units. On the ground, the city of West Berlin – situated in the centre of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) – and the three occupation zones controlled by the USA, Great Britain, and France, was connected to the outside world only via tightly controlled railways, waterways or autobahns. However, in the air, three Aerial Corridors connected it with West Germany. Far away from high-profile intelligence-gathering operations - like those by Lockheed U-2s - several intelligence agencies of the USA, Great Britain and France exploited this fact to run covert operations along these Corridors. Principally conducted by adapted transport or liaison aircraft - which received a host of clandestine modifications – such operations often took their crews into the very centre of what was perceived as the ‘danger zone’ by NATO: the airspace over some of the most sensitive Soviet military installations. Danger Zone is the first comprehensive and in-depth study of intelligence-gathering efforts by aircraft operated by, or on behalf of, the US intelligence agencies. It provides a carefully researched review of the involved equipment, modifications, maintenance, flight operations, post-flight activities and the resulting intelligence analysis, set within the context of the unique situation surrounding West Berlin during the Cold War and its Air Corridors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2YT3FGP,2023-04-11,Kevin Wright,Helion & Company Ltd.,,2024-02-08T10:39:24Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'PBHFUE8W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3477,"Hitler's Trojan Horse: The Fall of the Abwehr, 1943–1945",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Hitlers-Trojan-Horse-Hardback/p/22182,"As the Second World War progressed and defeat for Hitler’s Third Reich in all theatres became ever more certain, the tight Abwehr network, built so effectively by its head, Admiral Canaris, began to unravel. High-level defections to the Allies and bitter disputes with the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) added to a collapse in morale. Most notably was the increasing opposition within the officer ranks of the Army to Hitler fermented by Canaris and his deputy Generalmajor Hans Oster. The final years of the Abwehr were marked by the Abwehr’s efforts to undermine the regime, which came to a bloody conclusion following the Valkyrie assassination attempt of 20 July 1944. This saw the arrest of many Abwehr officials and the execution of Canaris and Oster. In this penetrating study of the final years of the Abwehr, Nigel West, a world-renowned specialist in the field, pieces together the gradual decline in the organisation’s role and importance with Hitler and his acolytes paying little heed to reports that were increasingly cautionary. Among the many previously undisclosed stories are details gleaned from recently opened files which tell of a hitherto unknown spy-swap. This was the exchange of Berthold Shulze-Holthus, a German spy detained in Iran, for Ferdinand Rodriguez, a British radio operator captured in France. This was the only such exchange that took place during the whole of the Second World War – though the fact that the swap took place at all suggests that a previously unsuspected degree of communication existed between the Allies and Nazi Germany. Perhaps most tantalizingly of all, is the new night light thrown upon the role the British Secret Intelligence Service, MI6, had, in league with the Abwehr, in the Valkyrie bombing which almost killed Hitler.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q2PR7M35,2022-11-18,Nigel West,Pen and Sword,,2024-02-08T10:36:13Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3478,New from the National Intelligence University—In the Face of Ambiguity: How Intelligence Analysts Experience Threats to Rigor,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-3-extracts-september-2023/in-the-face-of-ambiguity-how-intelligence-analysts-experience-threats-to-rigor/,"This article is drawn from Dr. Wolfberg’s research monograph, In the Face of Ambiguity: How Intelligence Analysts Experience Threats to Rigor, based on his work as a senior research fellow at the National Intelligence University (2020–22). The full report, with citations, as well as his previous monographs on artificial intelligence and the challenges of analytic insights, can be found in the NIU Caracristi Monograph collection at https://ni-u. edu/wp/caracristi/caracristi-monographs/. The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of NIU, ODNI, or any other US government entity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M9HP7XZ7,2023-09-01,Adrian Wolfberg,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T10:25:43Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3479,Agile Analysis: Transforming Intelligence Production Through Lean Start-up Methods,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-3-extracts-september-2023/agile-analysis-transforming-intelligence-production-through-lean-start-up-methods/,The changing commercial and technological landscape is creating a fundamental challenge to IC analysis that we have not faced since the creation of the US Intelligence Community after World War II.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRX3VV5S,2023-09-01,William Schlickenmaier,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T09:43:16Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3480,What is Intelligence?: A New Quantitative Approach to an Old Question,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-3-extracts-september-2023/what-is-intelligence-a-new-quantitative-approach-to-an-old-question/,"In numerous books, manuscripts, and journal articles (including recently in these pages), IC practitioners have offered their definitions of “intelligence” and why the definition is important to practitioners. These works—including Kent (1949), Bimfort (1958), Random (1958), Lowenthal (1999), Warner (2002), and Simms (2022)—are must-reads for intelligence-studies scholars and represent a venerable who’s who in the discipline. Spanning some seven decades of scholarship, the volumes provide qualitative assessments of what intelligence is and is not. (The above, later cited works, and additional readings are listed in full bibliographic detail beginning at “References” on page 13.) In this article, we offer an alternative, quantitative analysis of intelligence definitions and intelligence organizations worldwide to advance the debate over the correct definition of intelligence, which we hold to be: National security intelligence is a secret state activity to understand, influence, or defend against a threat to gain an advantage. As we will demonstrate, this definition iterates upon existing definitions and includes all of the key elements required for practitioners and scholars alike. Practitioners may use the definition to describe their work. Academics may use the definition to identify intelligence as a phenomenon, develop theories, and test causal relationships.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HWQK6ZCR,2023-09-01,"Andrew Macpherson, Glenn Hastedt",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T09:37:01Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3481,Tools and Methods for Measuring Citizens’ Perceptions of Security and Intelligence Issues,Thesis,https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/117677/1/2301MKSMKS690005063554_1.PDF,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V8IDQ2Y4,2023,Luca Guido Valla,,,2024-02-08T09:30:10Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Malta,,,,,,,,, 3482,Operation Rype: A WWII OSS Railway Sabotage Mission in Norway,Book,https://www.casematepublishers.com/9781636241340/operation-rype/,"""...exciting in its detail and well-illustrated with historic photographs. It has welcome mini-biographies of many of the participants of RYPE at the end of ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PNNK4FZ4,2023-07-01,Frode Lindgjerdet,Casemate Publishers,,2024-02-08T09:03:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3483,"Covert Legions: U.S. Army Intelligence in Germany, 1944-1949",Book,https://history.army.mil/html/books/045/45-5/index.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EYBVIE2G,2022,Thomas Boghardt,Center of Military History,,2024-02-08T09:01:17Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3484,The Black Cats of Osan: U-2 Spy Plane Escapades and Calamities in Korea,Book,https://www.casematepublishers.com/9781636243535/the-black-cats-of-osan/,The story of the top-secret “Black Cats” who undertook dangerous long-duration high-altitude missions to provide intelligence on North Korea during the C...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H392D2CI,2023-09-01,Rich Bishop,Casemate Publishers,,2024-02-08T08:57:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3485,"“This Piece Was Written by a Machine”: Intelligence Analysis, Synthesis, and Automation",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-4-extracts-december-2023/this-piece-was-written-by-a-machine-intelligence-analysis-synthesis-and-automation/,"Editor’s note: This article was originally published in 2020. We republish it here because in the intervening three years, as Borene anticipated, large language models powering generative artificial intelligences like ChatGPT and Google Bard have moved from promise to reality and become the subject of worldwide use—and debate. As Borene makes clear, no knowledge industry, including intelligence, is immune from its effects. The future of intelligence analysis has been a hotly debated topic in the last few years, as thinkers inside and outside the Intelligence Community have struggled to make sense of an analyst’s place and value at a time when artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automation are changing the relationships between people and their work. As with other industries, the question is not so much if machines will be incorporated into the work but how and when and in what capacities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XQ34QYVU,2023-12-01,Alice B. Borene,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T08:52:41Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'E5UVWK8S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3486,An Inevitable Future? The End of Human Intelligence Analysis - Better Start Preparing,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-4-extracts-december-2023/an-inevitable-future-the-end-of-human-intelligence-analysis-better-start-preparing/,"Editor’s Note: This article is a slightly updated version of the original published internally in 2020. It is published here as a complement to Dennis Gleeson’s article in this issue, “Artificial Intelligence and Analysis.” My reaction to reading Joseph Gartin’s excellent “The Future of Analysis” (Studies 62, no. 2, June 2019) was that it described a step on the way to the future of analysis. It envisions human analysts using enhanced computer-based tools to produce finished products and insights for delivery to customers. This sounds familiar to me, as if the future will be just a more idealized version of the present—the same basic job but with better and more reliable tools. One can only hope. As a follow-on thought experiment, however, it might be useful to look beyond the future Gartin visualizes to a more distant and very different future. In the spirit of certain structured analysis techniques, we can then step back to see what actions can and should be taken now and in the near future. The intention is not to debate the timeline of this more distant future but instead to assume it is approaching and to outline its implications.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XS3U7A7R,2023-12-01,John F. Galascione,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T08:51:21Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3487,"Intelligence and Diplomacy in China’s Civil War: George C. Marshall as Special Envoy to China, December 1945 to January 1947",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-4-extracts-december-2023/intelligence-and-diplomacy-in-chinas-civil-war-george-c-marshall-as-special-envoy-to-china-december-1945-to-january-1947/,"This article is an adaptation of a chapter drawn from CIA Chief Historian David Robarge's book The Soldier-Statesman in the Secret World: George C. Marshall and Intelligence in War and Peace (Center for the Study of Intelligence, 2023, which is available in Books and Monographs section of CSI's web site. This chapter describes Marshall’s continuing service to the United States after he retired more than 40 years, including two world wars, after first pinning on his second lieutenant’s bars in 1902. The challenge Marshall accepted just months after the war against Japan ended in September 1945 was to attempt to negotiate an end to the civil war that had been raging between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the ruling Nationalist Party, the Kuomintang (KMT), since the early 1920s. During his 13 months of effort, he would be frustrated by both sides and, although he was aware that the CCP had planted agents in KMT organizations, he could not have known how his efforts were damaged by at least one secret CCP operative, a stenographer in the KMT’s Executive Secretariat.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P8WGR9Z6,2023-12-01,David Robarge,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T08:49:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3488,Intelligence and Technology – Artificial Intelligence for Analysis: The Road Ahead,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/studies-in-intelligence-67-no-4-extracts-december-2023/intelligence-and-technology-artificial-intelligence-for-analysis-the-road-ahead/,"Chatbots like OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Bard, and Anthropic’s Claude provide us with interesting and exciting new ways to interact with information. These products respond to users queries by transforming a statistical analysis of patterns existing in a large amount of information—a large language model (LLM)—into a natural language response that mimics human intelligence. Mimic is the key word here: these platforms do not understand the data they are analyzing and interpreting in the same ways that people do. The problem that these products represent for sophisticated consumers of information, such as analysts, academics, and journalists, lies in their design: to date, LLMs preclude insight into or an understanding of the basis for the answers they generate. Users are being asked to trust the technology, but they are not given the opportunity to verify the way the underlying algorithms weigh information (or even what information is, or is not, being used in the formulation of answers). In short, both the “dots” and the connections between those dots exist within a black box at a time when organizations like the IC continue to work toward greater transparency about the underpinnings of their judgments and actions. The opportunity in front of us lies beyond the words often used to describe these technologies. The idea of developing artificial intelligence dates back to the 1940s and 1950s. Today’s chatbots are not intelligent, but they are innovative, exciting, and full of potential in the context of the volumes and varieties of information the IC collects, processes, triages, and uses in support of its global mission. The challenges and opportunities for organizations looking to implement generative AI (GenAI) start with the breadth, depth, richness, and cleanliness of the data itself.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2YFHNZJE,2023-12-01,Dennis J. Gleeson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-02-08T08:48:21Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3489,"‘Giving the Russians a Bloody Nose’:1 Operation Foot and Soviet Espionage in the United Kingdom, 1964–71",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740600650235,"On 24 September 1971 the British government expelled 105 Soviet diplomats and trade delegation officials resident in the UK. This was a response to the expansion of Soviet espionage in Britain during the 1960s, and to Moscow's refusal to respond to London's protests on this issue. This article examines the impact of the espionage problem on Anglo-Soviet relations during this period, and analyzes the reasons behind the expulsions (known as Operation Foot). Foot was implemented not only for reasons of national security, but also because of British resentment at the USSR's frequent abuses of diplomatic privileges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EVQGJ684,2006-05-01,Geraint Hughes,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-08T08:45:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682740600650235,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038214330,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2038214330,2015.0,2024.0,2006.0,,9.0 3490,"Covert Action and US Cold War Strategy in Cuba, 1961–62",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/1468274042000283135,"Documents declassified since 1997 have shed considerable light on the role of US covert operations in Cuba from April 1961 to October 1962. Revelations from these materials can help resolve the debate over whether the Kennedy administration had planned a second invasion of Cuba after the landing at the Bay of Pigs. An examination of the administration's covert actions in Cuba, both prior to and during Operation Mongoose, reveal clear bounds within which President Kennedy sought to circumscribe those actions. And the policy he adopted, a preponderant body of evidence shows, stopped well short of overt military intervention.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2SNG5RT,2005-02-01,Aiyaz Husain,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-08T08:44:50Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/1468274042000283135,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033994609,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033994609,2014.0,2023.0,2004.0,,10.0 3491,"‘Cloak Without Dagger’:1How the Information Research Department Fought Britain's Cold War in the Middle East, 1948–56",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/1468274042000231150,"In 1948, the Foreign Office's Information Research Department (IRD) embarked upon a global anti-Soviet and anti-communist propaganda war. Drawing upon recently declassified records, this article investigates IRD's Middle Eastern Cold War. Outlining IRD's operational methods and the activities in which it engaged, it concludes that although IRD's Middle Eastern operation before the 1956 Suez Crisis must ultimately be regarded as a failure, the frequently employed caricature of IRD as a group of doctrinaire Cold Warriors is misplaced and that, by the eve of the Suez Crisis, IRD had evolved into a flexible instrument of psychological warfare which, in the Middle East, was to be primarily employed against anti-British nationalist movements.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IEJMEQQB,2004-04-01,JAMES VAUGHAN,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-08T08:44:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/1468274042000231150,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2025868580,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2025868580,2014.0,2024.0,2004.0,,10.0 3492,Retconning the history of covert operations: spy comics at the end of the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2021.1933951,"This article analyses the revisionist engagement with the history of US covert operations in three spy series published by DC Comics in 1988–90: Blackhawk, The Unknown Soldier and Justice, Inc. It discusses four levels of revisionism: pre-textual (in the editorial/creative process), textual (in the ensuing narratives), intertextual (in the interplay with other media and earlier versions of same franchises) and extratextual (advertisements, reviews, editorials, readers’ letters). The article argues that these comics recoded the Cold War in a critical light and recreated the process of disenchantment with orthodox narratives, destabilising the era’s dominant historical imaginary of nostalgia and triumphalism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RFAXIQXJ,2022-04-03,Rui Lopes,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-08T08:44:16Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/14682745.2021.1933951,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4200206043,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 3493,SLOW BURN: Subversion and Escalation in Cyber Conflict and Covert Action,Thesis,https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/121511,"This thesis argues that the low intensity of cyber conflict reflects the fact that cyber operations have been primarily useful as means of subversion rather than warfare. Established wisdom that conceives of cyber conflict as a novel form of warfare defined by its speed the escalatory properties of cyber weapons. In practice, it has been marked by persistently low intensity and escalation has not occurred. This mismatch between theory and practice presents a puzzle. Subversion, in contrast, is a slow-burning and low intensity alternative to the use of force that is strategically attractive but operationally limited in effectiveness. It is strategically attractive because it promises to exert influence over competitors at lower costs and risks compared to force projection. These advantages are the result of its indirect and covert mechanism of action, which secretly undermines and manipulates an adversary’s own capabilities to produce detrimental effects against the former and erode its capacity to resist. However, this mechanism comes with three inherent constraints that limits effectiveness: subversion is slow, the intensity of effects is limited and it is unreliable. The strategic role and operational constraints of subversion explain the low intensity of cyber conflict. Cyber operations target new technologies but rely on the same operational mechanism of exploiting vulnerabilities in secret—hence they are expected to face analogous constraints. The thesis develops a grounded theory based on a structured focused comparison of a historical and contemporary case of subversion. The cases chosen are the Soviet campaign to suppress the Prague Spring and the Russian campaign to suppress the Euromaidan movement in Ukraine 2013-2018. These cases are most-similar except for the technology used. This comparison confirms expectations, showing that technological change has not altered the quality of subversion. Counterintuitively, however, the analysis reveals the operational constraints of cyber operations reinforce rather than reform its slow-burning and low intensity character. Contrary to prevailing threat perception of critical infrastructure strikes, cyber operations prove slower, more expensive and less effective than traditional sabotage operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4NMQQJWI,2020-06-01,Lennart Maschmeyer,,,2024-02-08T08:41:53Z,"['8XXD789V', 'B6RJNLTK']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Toronto,,,,,,,,, 3494,"The Fuchs factor: Espionage, the Soviet atomic bomb and Anglo-American relations",Thesis,https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/item/96z70/the-fuchs-factor-espionage-the-soviet-atomic-bomb-and-anglo-american-relations,"Klaus Fuchs, born in 1911, was a communist and theoretical physicist. The Manhattan Project was infiltrated by a quiet, treacherous man who appeared loyal to his country. Fuchs also headed the British atomic bomb project at Harwell from 1946 until his arrest in 1949. The impact of Fuchs in theoretical physics, the atomic bombs of America, the Soviet Union and Britain is unprecedented. The impact of the Bomb did not just inject fear into Western allies and civilians of both the Soviet Union and America; it also resonated through popular culture, architecture, and the technological race which endeavoured space travel. This thesis examines Fuchs’s role in the Soviet atomic bomb project that conceived of Joe-1. Although Fuchs’s treason is at the epicentre of its analysis, the thesis peripherally considers the successes of the FBI and MI5, and whether their security apparatuses were efficient in catching Fuchs. It also scrutinises Fuchs’s impact on Anglo-American relations and post-war foreign policy. Other spy cases in the early Cold War are addressed, and their overall impact on Anglo-American atomic relations considered. The thesis concludes with a consideration of Fuchs’s impact on intelligence relations between the American and British establishments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2AN9UP4,2023,M. Collyer,,,2024-02-08T08:40:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Master's Thesis,Canterbury Christ Church University,,,,,,,,, 3495,"Sweden, the USSR and the early Cold War 1944–47: declassified encrypted cables shed new light on Soviet diplomatic reporting about Sweden in the aftermath of World War II",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2014.920825,"In March 1946 the Soviet government decided to radically revise their policy towards Sweden. The Soviet demand, ever since November 1944, for the total extradition of the approximately 30,000 Baltic refugees in Sweden was suddenly dropped and a number of measures were taken by Moscow to accomplish a rapprochement between the two countries. On the basis of recently declassified Soviet encrypted diplomatic correspondence between the Soviet mission in Stockholm and the Soviet foreign ministry for the years 1944–1947, this article analyses the way in which the Soviet envoy to Sweden, Il'ia Chernyshev, represented Swedish affairs before his superiors in Moscow, and how these representations may have contributed to Moscow's decision to revise its policy towards Sweden.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CV43SJUN,2015-01-02,Johan Matz,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:46:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/14682745.2014.920825,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2000455406,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2000455406,2016.0,2018.0,2014.0,,2.0 3496,"Plausibly deniable: mercenaries in US covert interventions during the Cold War, 1964–1987",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2015.1078312,"This article examines the role and the significance of professional mercenaries as an instrument of US covert action programmes during the Cold War. Arguing that even small groups of these ‘career mercenaries’ used as advisors and so-called force multipliers could potentially make a difference in small-scale proxy wars in the Global South, the author asserts a process of institutional learning in which mercenaries became a possible substitute for official military advisors. While western mercenaries were rewarding targets for communist propaganda and caused discord on the foreign policy level, the greater danger were unintended side effects on the domestic level, including the formation of a paramilitary subculture within the USA.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B2EWRYAH,2016-01-02,Klaas Voß,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:44:34Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/14682745.2015.1078312,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2292989302,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2292989302,2017.0,2025.0,2015.0,,2.0 3497,What we have discovered about the Cold War is what we already knew: Julius Mader and the Western secret services during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740500062127,"Throughout the Cold War East German propagandists churned out books and articles denouncing the West. One, Julius Mader by name, was particularly active in claiming to expose the aims, methods and organizers of Western espionage. More than five million copies of his books were sold, chiefly in Soviet Bloc countries. If his information were true, it had to come from East Germany's Ministry of State Security (MfS, or ‘Stasi’). To date, despite the scarcity of primary source material on espionage during the Cold War, Mader's status as a Communist propagandist has meant that his works have been little used by Western historians. However, by consulting the MfS' records it is now possible to find out whether or not his allegations were true. If they were, the MfS blew significant holes in the secrecy of Western espionage for decades, starting more than 40 years ago, and Western historians have been very neglectful in not referring much more to Mader's books. Many of his allegations were indeed true and his works, though very obviously products of an ideology, represent a valuable resource for the historians of today. Moreover, they show that during the Cold War the Communist regimes were talking more sense than we thought and were telling us much that our own governments did not want us to hear. The Cold War over, we surely have a right to know what secret activities the Western governments undertook during their struggle with the Communist Bloc and should make use of every reliable source.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7FI2Z8PL,2005-01-01,Paul Maddrell,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:44:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682740500062127,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982527927,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982527927,2015.0,2024.0,2005.0,,10.0 3498,The CIA’s paramilitary operations during the cold war: an assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2016.1177513,"Using a representative sample of CIA paramilitary operations during the Cold War, this essay identifies continuities and discontinuities among administrations and analyses the responses of the US press and Congress to paramilitary operations. It wrestles with the meaning of success and failure. Success is defined, first, in a narrow sense – did the operations achieve the objectives set by the president of the United States? Then, it is defined more broadly: did the CIA’s paramilitary operations serve the national interests of the United States?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AWT6LWA8,2016-07-02,Piero Gleijeses,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:43:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682745.2016.1177513,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2351399203,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2351399203,2018.0,2025.0,2016.0,,2.0 3499,"‘Keep the Indonesian Pot Boiling’: Western Covert Intervention in Indonesia, October 1965–March 1966",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/1468274042000283144,"This study examines the role played by the West in the destruction of the Indonesian communist party, the PKI, and the removal of the radical Indonesian president, Sukarno, in 1965–66. After the murder of six generals in October 1965 the Indonesian army massacred thousands of communists and seized power from Sukarno. The United States secretly helped the army in this period by providing intelligence, arms, medicines and radios and by giving assurances that Britain would not attack Indonesia while the army was suppressing the PKI. The US, Britain, Australia and Malaysia also used propaganda to encourage hostility in Indonesia towards the PKI. The article assesses the impact of Western covert intervention and concludes that Western propaganda may have encouraged the mass killings of the communists.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P2D99BIV,2005-02-01,David Easter,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:41:54Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/1468274042000283144,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1984623128,15.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984623128,2012.0,2024.0,2004.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/97485643/Indonesian_pot_boiling.pdf,8.0 3500,Amidst the Heat of the Cold War in Asia: Thailand and the American Secret War in Indochina (1960–74),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740701474832,"This article is intended to present new findings on covert Thai intervention in Laos, in association with the United States, during the Vietnam War. As it was considered a violation of the Geneva Accords, information on clandestine Thai intervention in Laos has been treated with strict confidentiality by the Thai government. The Thai public have therefore been deprived of information on their countrymen's involvement in Laos for decades. Based on the new release of declassified US official documents and recent interviews with former diplomatic, intelligence and military officers from Laos, Thailand and the United States who were directly involved in the conflicts, striking facts about the Thai intervention in Laos from 1960 to 1974 have been revealed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QSUYLV9J,2007-08-01,Sutayut Osornprasop,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:41:16Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/14682740701474832,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069543196,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069543196,2019.0,2026.0,2007.0,,12.0 3501,"Fu Bingchang, Chiang Kai-shek and Yalta",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682740902978995,"Fu Binchang, the last ambassador General Chiang Kai-shek sent to Soviet Russia was stationed in Moscow from 1943 to 1949. During his more than six-year residency in Moscow, Fu recorded the details of his political and operational dealings as a full and active participant of the diplomatic corps on the very doorstep of the Kremlin. This paper analyses Fu's role in the gathering of intelligence and timing of information leaked to the Chinese embassy about the Far Eastern Agreement – a secret agreement concluded by China's Big Three allies at the Crimea Conference of 1945.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X3IFGAC9,2009-08-01,Yee Wah Foo,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:39:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/14682740902978995,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077398647,0.0,True,,,,2009.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Fu_Bingchang_Chiang_Kai-shek_and_Yalta/24375463, 3502,Disturbing secrets: US-Costa Rican relations during the Nixon administration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2019.1673372,"Friendly relations between the United States and Costa Rica were strained during the early 1970s as the latter sought the recall of the US ambassador and CIA station chief amidst rumours of coup plots against influential social democratic president José Figueres. Figueres’s efforts to normalise relations with the Soviet bloc while legalising the Communist Party at home provided the broader context. Secret US intelligence about a pact between Figueres, local communists, and the Soviet Union drove the conflict. Drawing on declassified US documents, this study seeks the right balance between Latin American agency and US hegemony during the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PVGGNR7W,2020-07-02,Charles D. Brockett,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:38:56Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682745.2019.1673372,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2996122828,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2996122828,2020.0,2020.0,2019.0,,1.0 3503,"Warsaw and the Fedayeen: Wars in the Middle East, Secret Arms Deals and Polish Relations with the Palestine Liberation Organisation, 1967-1976",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2023.2269100,"Poland was the second-to-last country in the Soviet bloc to establish official relations with the PLO – only doing this in March 1976. However, mutual contacts date back to the late 1960s, when Polish military intelligence forged a top-secret relationship with the PLO based around the arms trade. Using a variety of archival sources, this paper seeks to re-assess the relationship between Warsaw and the PLO within the broader framework of Polish policy towards the Middle East from the time of the Six-Day War to the time of opening of the PLO Office in Warsaw in 1976.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YZYACZNT,2024,Przemysław Gasztold,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:38:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682745.2023.2269100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390719488,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390719488,2024.0,2025.0,2024.0,,0.0 3504,Victim of kidnapping or an unfortunate defector? The strange case of Otto John,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2019.1689390,"Dr Otto John was a controversial choice as head of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, West Germany’s domestic counter-espionage agency. After attending a commemoration of the victims of the resistance plot against Hitler, on 20 July 1954, John disappeared from West Berlin in the company of his friend Dr Wolfgang Wohlgemuth. This article explores available evidence from Central Intelligence Agency and Stasi files to assess whether John was abducted or went freely as a would-be defector. An examination of his mental state is crucial in determining this.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3DKQSJF5,2020-04-02,Mark Fenemore,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:38:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682745.2019.1689390,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2991427665,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2991427665,2023.0,2024.0,2019.0,https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/624448/3/Otto%20John%20Cold%20War%20History%20FINAL%20OCT%202019.pdf,4.0 3505,The New Latin American Left in a polarised Cold War: The story of Vivian Trías,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2021.1923697,"Vivian Trías, a prominent Latin American intellectual and leader of the Uruguayan Socialist Party, was an agent of the Czechoslovak State Security Service (StB), the intelligence agency in communist Czechoslovakia. Through a critical analysis of the Czech archives, this article seeks to explain why Trías, who defined himself as a Latin Americanist and tercerista in the Cold War, developed this link with one of the Soviet Bloc countries. The article suggests that solidarity with Cuba and anti-imperialism were the central points through which this collaboration was consolidated.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8IBSFDJ,2022-01-02,"Aldo Marchesi, Michal Zourek",Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:37:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/14682745.2021.1923697,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3175575837,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3175575837,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,,1.0 3506,"‘How to raise a curtain’: security, surveillance, and mobility in Canada’s Cold War-era exchanges, 1955–65",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2020.1724101,"An extensive literature on the cultural Cold War has shown that winning the hearts and minds of rival populations distinguished the conflict as an ideological contest. Yet the question of how ideology influenced the tracking of cross-bloc travellers in cultural and scientific exchanges remains largely unexplored. This article examines Canada’s ideological approach to screening and monitoring visitors from communist countries along with its covert interest in collecting foreign intelligence from visits to the Eastern bloc. By analysing declassified documents from Canada’s security service, this article argues that transnational surveillance allowed the Canadian government to imprint its own vision of Cold War mobility.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WNN7IXWY,2021-04-03,Brandon Webb,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:37:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/14682745.2020.1724101,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3017150019,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3017150019,2022.0,2024.0,2020.0,,2.0 3507,Early Cold War evolution of British and US defector policy and practice,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2018.1539079,"The British and US governments entered World War II without policies or defined practices for handling, interrogating, and disposing of Soviet defectors. This gradually changed, necessitated by a post-war surge of defectors and deserters. Although the United States and Great Britain initially took different paths toward defector policies, diverging and evolving at different rates, both countries ultimately arrived at nearly the same destination. By 1950 their policies were founded on two broad benefits of defectors: they were sources of valuable intelligence; and they presented opportunities for propaganda, hopefully positive, for the West.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/22M9MHD8,2019-07-03,Kevin P. Riehle,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:36:49Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682745.2018.1539079,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2901635241,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2901635241,2019.0,2022.0,2018.0,,1.0 3508,"‘In my file, I am two different people’: Max Gluckman and A.L. Epstein, the Australian National University, and Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, 1958–60",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2019.1575367,"Security services in the Cold War introduced an ethos of secrecy, where state persecution of academics without due process could be justified by the imputation of communism. Australian security services viewed the work of social anthropologists as providing a perfect cover for subversive activities among undeveloped peoples. This applied especially to anthropologists seeking to conduct research in the Australian colony of Papua New Guinea. Australian security services surveillance of suspected subversives was assisted by information from MI5 and security services in the African colonies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8TZ5BKB2,2020-01-02,Geoffrey Gray,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:36:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/14682745.2019.1575367,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2925925819,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2925925819,2022.0,2026.0,2019.0,,3.0 3509,Contesting France: French informants and American intelligence in the dawning Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2016.1205587,"By integrating French archives and untapped US intelligence records, this article uncovers a debate within US government circles about the accuracy of the entrenched image of France at the onset of the Cold War as decadent and teetering toward revolution. In exchanges with the White House, State Department and military, right-leaning French sources bolstered this view. French contacts in the Resistance meanwhile shaped Office of Strategic Services analysis that France was a strong, worthy ally. France became a contested idea with warring factions in both capitals seeking to influence US policy – with repercussions for Franco-American relations for decades to come.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JF9BWDBL,2017-01-02,Susan McCall Perlman,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:33:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/14682745.2016.1205587,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2506579478,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2506579478,2018.0,2025.0,2016.0,,2.0 3510,Intelligence in the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2014.950248,"This paper asserts that Cold War intelligence was essentially military intelligence. It provides a personal perspective on the UK Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS) and how Cold War intelligence was influenced by the experiences of individuals in the Second World War. It reviews little-studied aspects of the US–UK intelligence relationship, the NATO intelligence dimension, and the British Commanders'-in-Chief Mission to the Soviet Forces in (East) Germany (BRIXMIS), effectively legitimate spies in uniform. It concludes with some reflections on the changes the end of the Cold War brought to the work of the DIS.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZTJFJICC,2014-10-02,John N.L. Morrison,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:32:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682745.2014.950248,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044368590,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044368590,2019.0,2025.0,2014.0,,5.0 3511,Spies and peaceniks: Czechoslovak intelligence attempts to thwart NATO’s Dual-Track Decision,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2020.1724963,"This article deals, drawing on newly available declassified documents, with the efforts of Czechoslovak intelligence services to prevent deployments of new intermediate nuclear forces on the territory of some European North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states, planned by the NATO Dual Track Decision of December 1979. Attention is paid to goals of Czechoslovak intelligence in Western Europe, their perception of threats posed by NATO, and methods used to torpedo the NATO plan. The article concludes that despite the fact that Czechoslovak intelligence faced many challenges when carrying out active measures, its capability to target and infiltrate various organisations and movements was not negligible.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GB8Q32Z5,2020-07-02,"Vladimír Černý, Petr Suchý",Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:15:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/14682745.2020.1724963,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3007379229,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3007379229,2022.0,2022.0,2020.0,,2.0 3512,Internationalising the intelligence history of the Prague Spring,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2019.1697238,"This article examines how changing collaborations between the Czechoslovakian, Soviet, and East German intelligence services during the 1960s formed the intelligence context of responses to the Prague Spring of 1968. The author uses international history to locate the debates over the uprising among the so-called Warsaw Five throughout 1968 in much longer interplay between local and regional drives for securitisation, centred on intelligence collaborations. This leads us to a reconsideration of the centrality of intelligence collaboration in responses to the crisis and the extent to which actors beyond the borders of Czechoslovakia conditioned these responses.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9MQZ9C3R,2020-07-02,Simon Graham,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:14:58Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682745.2019.1697238,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2991889605,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2991889605,2020.0,2022.0,2019.0,,1.0 3513,National Intelligence and the Coronavirus Pandemic,Blog post,https://rusi.orghttps://rusi.org,"Given its profound impact, it is worth asking whether the coronavirus pandemic represents a collective failure of national intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KG8FBL8,2020-03-31,"Michael Chertoff, Patrick Bury, Kjetil Anders Hatlebrekke",,,2024-02-07T23:13:39Z,['N8VR3BYE'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3514,‘White on the outside but red on the inside’: Switzerland and Chinese intelligence networks during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2019.1575368,"Using previously classified archival records, this article discusses how Chinese diplomatic staff operated a variety of intelligence networks from Switzerland during the Cold War. As the site of China’s first diplomatic mission in central Western Europe and the location of the United Nations’ European headquarters, Switzerland was uniquely suited as China’s intelligence hub in Europe in the 1950s and 1960s. Chinese officials established and ran a variety of European and even global intelligence networks out of Switzerland, whose members included Chinese officials; Taiwanese diplomats; Chinese, Taiwanese, and Chinese Indonesian scientists and students; owners and staff of Chinese restaurants; Communists and communist sympathisers; and businessmen.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WTPMXJ6T,2020-01-02,Ariane Knüsel,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T23:13:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/14682745.2019.1575368,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2920931562,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2920931562,2020.0,2023.0,2019.0,,1.0 3515,"Intelligence, warning, and policy: the Johnson administration and the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2020.1752675,"This article examines the impact of intelligence on policymaking in the Johnson Administration during the 1968 Prague Spring. It argues that the US intelligence community was unable to provide policymakers with an accurate picture of Soviet priorities during the Prague Spring and did not effectively communicate the increasing potential for Soviet military action. Although intelligence warnings were issued prior to the invasion, these warnings were neither forceful enough to counteract the belief that the Soviet leadership would refrain from invasion nor convincing enough to alter pre-existing policy positions. Consequently, intelligence had little impact on decision-making throughout the Prague Spring.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W5LEILYL,2021-04-03,Melanie Brand,Routledge,Cold War History,2024-02-07T21:17:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682745.2020.1752675,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3021345722,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3021345722,2022.0,2026.0,2020.0,,2.0 3516,UK Intelligence Agencies and the Commercial Cloud: What Does It All Mean?,Blog post,https://rusi.orghttps://rusi.org,"While cloud technologies allow intelligence agencies to ‘crunch’ data at scale and maintain competency in a big data world, there are concerns over the contracting of third parties based outside of the UK, and questions about oversight mechanisms for commercial cloud technologies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UFELZV7S,2021-11-05,"Ardi Janjeva, James Sullivan",,,2024-02-07T20:10:44Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3517,Overestimating Soviet Airpower,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2268733,"The overestimation of Soviet airpower by the US started in the early 1940s. In this study, Martin Verrier focuses on US intelligence assessments of early Soviet jet fighters during the period 1945–53, comparing them with actual production numbers and technical details obtained from Russian and Soviet sources. This study contributes to the existing literature on aircraft and missile intelligence assessments, including the well-studied ‘Bomber gap’ and ‘Missile gap’.◼",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NMYCV3SS,2023-07-29,Martin Verrier,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T19:27:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/03071847.2023.2268733,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387905147,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03071847.2023.2268733?download=true, 3518,The new spies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071849708446106,"After the Cold War, what is the future of intelligence? In a thought provoking article, James Adams argues that this time of radical change requires not gradual, perhaps comfortable, evolution but directed revolution if the intelligence community is to catch up and keep up with the pace of technological innovation which is changing the nature of intelligence and communication. with free access to the Internet commercial surveillance satellites and pocker technology on the battlefield how will intelligence be defined and monitored? And how can unwieldy often overlapping and costly organisations justify their autonomy and lack of innovation? Adams argues for an amalgamation of British intelligence bodies into a National Intelligence Organisation cooperating pooling resources and sharing in new technology now being led by industry where once it was initiated by the needs of intelligence gathering Specific and targeted intelligence is crucial for frontline defence and the pace of change demands a radical response on the part of the in‐telligence community if the nation's security is to be truly safe guarded.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AVZWTECH,1997-02-01,James Adams,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T19:24:07Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/03071849708446106,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092172367,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092172367,2015.0,2024.0,1997.0,,18.0 3519,‘Venona’ ‐ what we really knew during the cold war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071840108446613,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KSTEX49M,2001-02-01,Nigel West,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T19:23:43Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/03071840108446613,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006062629,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 3520,Finding the Right Answer,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2015.1079053,"Rapid changes in technology and the democratisation of information capabilities have sparked the concept of ‘War in the Information Age’. Intelligence branches within NATO militaries have been slow to adapt and risk being outpaced. Sean Ryan, a former British military intelligence officer, argues that while some structural changes have occurred, lessons from the Afghanistan and Iraq campaigns about the nature of modern intelligence have not yet been learned, and fundamental changes to the doctrine, training and culture of military intelligence are required.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/77AKXJB9,2015-07-04,Sean Ryan,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T19:22:51Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/03071847.2015.1079053,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2254493949,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2254493949,2018.0,2022.0,2015.0,,3.0 3521,A Wilderness of Shifting Mirrors,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2010.530502,"Western counter-intelligence suffered a massive reputational loss on 9/11. Although many of the risks remain the same, the next decade is likely to see the increasing incidence of ‘grey area phenomena’: the convergence of subversive threats in ungoverned spaces. Better counter-espionage will be required to tackle cyber-attacks and information asymmetry, whilst some threats – such as the crime-terror nexus and proxy warfare – will require enhanced investment across the whole range of counter-intelligence capabilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JIBW9SMM,2010-10-01,Prem Mahadevan,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T19:22:16Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/03071847.2010.530502,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1589795289,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 3522,The Intelligence Duties of the Staff Abroad and at Home,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847509415968,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WIE6PCA7,1875-01-01,C. B. Brackenbury,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T18:30:04Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/03071847509415968,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2138931648,0.0,True,,,,1875.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03071847509415968, 3523,Trading Secrets: Spies and Intelligence in an Age of Terror,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/trading-secrets-9781848858435/,"Today's intelligence community faces challenges that would have been inconceivable only a dozen years ago. Just as al-Qaeda's destruction of the Twin Towers heralded a revolution in global diplomacy, the events of 9/11 also threw two centuries of spy-craft into turmoil - because this new enemy could not be bought. Gone were the sleepers and moles whose trade in secrets had sustained intelligence agencies in both peacetime and war. A new method of intelligence had been born. The award-winning former Financial Times security correspondent Mark Huband here takes us deep inside this new unseen world of spies and intelligence. With privileged access to intelligence officers from Rome to Kabul and from Khartoum to Guantanamo Bay, he reveals how spies created secret channels to the IRA, deceived Iran's terrorist allies, frequently attempted to infiltrate al-Qaeda, and forced Libya to abandon its nuclear weapons. Using accounts from ex-KGB officers, Huband vividly describes the devastation caused by the West's misreading of Soviet intentions in Africa, and explains how ill-prepared western intelligence agencies were when the Cold War was replaced by the perception of a new terrorist threat. Benefiting from privileged access to intelligence sources across the world, Trading Secrets provides a unique and controversial assessment of the catastrophic failure of spies to grasp the realities of the Taliban's grip on Afghanistan, and draws upon exclusive interviews with serving officers in assessing the ability of the major intelligence agencies to combat the threat of twenty-first century terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GRZMNEPW,2012-12-14,Mark Husband,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-02-07T18:26:09Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3524,"The intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and target acquisition requirement—An overview",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071849808446330,"Information on the enemy has always been advantageous in battle, but today it is crucial for any successful resolution of a crisis by military means. The new information requirement is based on a combination of the changed security environment, developments in modern weaponry and the application of technology in the use of military force. Air Vice‐Marshal Tony Mason here explores the ISTAR requirement using the model of a Regional Opposition versus an Intervening Coalition. He discusses issues of objectives, commitment, costs, humanitarian complications and casualties. The place of technological advantage, dominant battlespace knowledge and the point of action are also highlighted. Air Vice‐Marshal Mason concludes that timely and accurate information is vital for both successful political decision making and ‘out of area’ military activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LNSXRAMW,1998-12-01,Tony Mason,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T18:25:11Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/03071849808446330,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2106693186,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 3525,Intelligence and Psychological Warfare Operations in Northern Ireland,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847709428732,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TXLZU9LE,1977-09-01,David A. Charters,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T18:16:17Z,['V7KUA58M'],10.1080/03071847709428732,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051869742,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051869742,2014.0,2024.0,1977.0,,37.0 3526,Naval Intelligence and Protection of Commerce in War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071840209419000,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4AXM856Q,1902-04-01,John Colomb,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T18:15:30Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/03071840209419000,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2120757071,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2120757071,,,1902.0,, 3527,Naval Intelligence and Protection of Commerce in War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071848109418549,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AG8K3NFX,1881-01-01,J. C.R. Colomb,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T18:15:07Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/03071848109418549,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4236915415,0.0,False,,,,1881.0,, 3528,Assessing Hostile Reconnaissance and Terrorist Intelligence Activities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071840802521903,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6R7R27PW,2008-10-01,Kevin A O'Brien,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T18:13:17Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/03071840802521903,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1806290612,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1806290612,2013.0,2021.0,2008.0,,5.0 3529,The Hungarian military intelligence and security services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071848408523136,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2263BYGL,1984-12-01,F. Rubin,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T18:12:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/03071848408523136,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089188840,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089188840,,,1984.0,, 3530,Does better intelligence improve foreign policy decisions?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071849908446437,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SF92RUS2,1999-10-01,Michael Alexander GCMG,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T18:11:55Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/03071849908446437,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2164388889,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2164388889,2015.0,2021.0,1999.0,,16.0 3531,Pre-war intelligence and Iraq's WMD threat,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071840408522976,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MGP4V522,2004-02-01,John Hughes-Wilson,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T18:10:45Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/03071840408522976,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1494898575,0.0,False,,,,2004.0,, 3532,Air Intelligence and the Coventry Raid,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847609421259,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VC587GQD,1976-09-01,N. E. Evans,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T18:08:22Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/03071847609421259,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055825476,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055825476,,,1976.0,, 3533,Field Intelligence in the Army,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071842609421988,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SQ6ENBPC,1926-08-01,B. C. Dening,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T18:07:55Z,"['8XA7D88D', '9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/03071842609421988,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2785456056,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2785456056,2013.0,2013.0,1926.0,,87.0 3534,Intelligence in Nato Forward Strategy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071846909423507,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5JMYVEEL,1969-03-01,Michael Norman,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T18:07:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/03071846909423507,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010868339,0.0,False,,,,1969.0,, 3535,Revisiting the Falklands Intelligence Failures,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071840701574755,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V33ZD8BQ,2007-08-01,Richard Ned Lebow,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T18:06:36Z,"['9I86L884', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.1080/03071840701574755,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995477771,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995477771,2017.0,2025.0,2007.0,,10.0 3536,The Value of Financial Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071844809423400,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CAEWEMX7,1948-08-01,T. H. Sweeny,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T16:45:18Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'TEMXY72R']",10.1080/03071844809423400,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1553687605,0.0,False,,,,1948.0,, 3537,"Science, Intelligence and Policy",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847909441798,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LQSQXCMG,1979-06-01,"R. V. Jones, David Willison In the Chair",Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:44:35Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/03071847909441798,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004811599,0.0,False,,,,1979.0,, 3538,Photographic Reconnaissance and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071844509423938,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PD7XPLBH,1945-02-01,P. J. A. Riddell,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T16:43:54Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/03071844509423938,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2130157340,0.0,False,,,,1945.0,, 3539,Intelligence at the Top,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071846809424873,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3P4JTIBE,1968-11-01,Donald McLachlan,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T16:43:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/03071846809424873,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048155213,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048155213,2012.0,2012.0,1968.0,,44.0 3540,Intelligence in the Future,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071842609421981,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BC286HKE,1926-08-01,H. De Watteville Late R.A.,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T16:42:58Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/03071842609421981,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983711844,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983711844,,,1926.0,, 3541,The study of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071848308523514,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRINUYGX,1983-09-01,Sam Pope,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:42:29Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/03071848308523514,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2005330145,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2005330145,2022.0,2022.0,1983.0,,39.0 3542,Economic Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03071842509426080,"Published in Royal United Services Institution. Journal (Vol. 70, No. 480, 1925)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7RH7J7PG,1925-12-1,,Taylor and Francis,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2024-02-07T16:41:41Z,['TEMXY72R'],10.1080/03071842509426080,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210679742,0.0,False,,,,1925.0,, 3543,Where hath our intelligence been? The revolution in military affairs,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071849808446332,"The Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) has implications for the gathering, processing and exploiting of intelligence. However, its implications for military intelligence is unclear. In this article Michael Her‐man examines the possible ramifications of the RMA on military‐intelligence an asks whether RMA will simply increase its efficiency or whether it envisages some new institution to replace it; and what the nature of the ‘Red’ knowledge assumed in the RMA concept actually is. He argues that, although the orchestrating and fusing of technology's powerful collection sources needs some redrawing, we need to be clear about the kind of knowledge that results. Having information and understanding it are two separate things—information about the adversary's deployments is one thing but understanding their motivations is quite another. Textual intelligence gathering is just as important as observing and measuring objects and should, therefore, have a place in the RMA. It follows from this that there is a need for caution about RMA as information dominance and perfect knowledge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W3X2M8L4,1998-12-01,Michael Herman,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:40:54Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/03071849808446332,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059199825,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059199825,2019.0,2024.0,1998.0,,21.0 3544,The oversight of security and intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071840108446646,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GG8P5SQP,2001-06-01,Stephen Lander KCB,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:40:30Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/03071840108446646,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1487651632,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1487651632,2013.0,2023.0,2001.0,,12.0 3545,Intelligence and Counter-Insurgency,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2011.559987,"The idea that good intelligence is a necessary condition of successful counter-insurgency has recently enjoyed a resurgence. But as Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon shows, this is in fact nothing new. In part due to a remarkable continuity of personnel, the hard lessons learnt during the Irish War of Independence were eventually applied by the British in subsequent imperial emergencies – well before today's counter-insurgency campaigns.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RTW9VJ8Y,2011-02-01,Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:39:55Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/03071847.2011.559987,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1844131004,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1844131004,2014.0,2018.0,2011.0,,3.0 3546,Intelligence Adaptation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2011.606651,"In the aftermath of the Bin Laden raid, Adam Cobb argues that the integration of strategic intelligence assets coupled to Special Operations Forces has created a new operational paradigm for the US. The intelligence-driven global counter-terrorism strategy provides the US with a long-term, cost-effective means to continue to fight Al-Qa'ida with a reduced military footprint.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QUM42IPX,2011-08-01,Adam Cobb,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:39:29Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/03071847.2011.606651,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2315435084,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2315435084,2012.0,2026.0,2011.0,,1.0 3547,Preparing Military Intelligence for Great Power Competition,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2021.1923408,"Military intelligence (MI) is critical to visions of future war. The analytical methodologies of the War on Terror have reshaped how MI teams are trained and deployed. MI personnel are increasingly specialised, with experience and judgement being replaced by rigid adherence to robust data-driven analytical methodologies. While these methods are likely to continue at higher echelons, Jack Watling argues that a large MI presence at the tactical edge will not be practical under the indirect fire threat on the future battlefield. Furthermore, reach-back to higher echelon support will be severely constrained in a contested electromagnetic environment. Tactical echelons will therefore need an expanded organic MI capability, with experienced personnel able to perform a wide range of MI functions.◼",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RMYGVQ5Q,2021-05-21,Jack Watling,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:38:55Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/03071847.2021.1923408,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3165438702,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 3548,Public Perceptions of UK Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2022.2090426,"Opinion polling of public attitudes on the UK’s intelligence agencies reveals that Britons are often still ambivalent around issues of agency activity and powers despite increasing engagement and outreach activity. Drawing parallels with similar polling in North America and Europe, this article suggests that while public support for national agencies remains relatively strong, with high levels of ‘trust’, views on what intelligence agencies do – and who ‘does intelligence’ – remain deeply wedded to James Bond-like clichés. Daniel W B Lomas and Stephen Ward argue that, while popular perceptions of intelligence have traditionally offered cover and even increased awareness of agencies such as the Secret Intelligence Service, the lack of public awareness is dangerous as agencies build a ‘licence to operate’ in the 21st century.◼",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NW3P2TDR,2022-02-23,"Daniel W B Lomas, Stephen Ward",Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:38:39Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/03071847.2022.2090426,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293050829,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293050829,2025.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03071847.2022.2090426?needAccess=true,3.0 3549,New Intelligence Blunders?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071841003683484,"Good intelligence relies on accuracy, probity and independence. In the current time of global terrorist threats, intelligence is more vital – and visible – than ever in protecting the public and national interest. But collection and analysis of information is fraught with difficulty. Even modern technology throws up as many problems as it solves by inundating operatives with a tsunami of information. Yet examination of the two main blunders of the last decade show that it is the human element that, as ever, is the weakest link in the intelligence chain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/544DBJCG,2010-02-01,John Hughes-Wilson,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:37:59Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/03071841003683484,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2068417509,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 3550,Countering Intelligence Algorithms,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2021.1893126,"The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms by intelligence agencies requires the capability to counter their use by rival agencies. A formal-technical development of this capability can be assisted by decision theory, including behavioural economics. Peter J Phillips and Gabriela Pohl argue that decision theory provides a useful framework that can be used to think about thinking. It is a catalogue of things that human decision-makers can consult when considering their own decision-making processes or those of adversaries and friends. Such a catalogue may be relevant during the development of AI and counter-AI capability in an intelligence setting. ◼",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28U4UVGT,2020-11-09,"Peter J Phillips, Gabriela Pohl",Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:37:03Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1080/03071847.2021.1893126,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3135033479,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3135033479,2022.0,2025.0,2020.0,,2.0 3551,The role of the intelligence and security committee,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071840108446645,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QYEM7JKR,2001-06-01,Tom King CH,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:33:35Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/03071840108446645,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1990245690,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1990245690,2017.0,2017.0,2001.0,,16.0 3552,New Intelligence Strategies for a New Decade,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2020.1802945,"In this article, Patrick Bury and Michael Chertoff argue that the re-emergence of near-peer competition and the increasing complexity and pace of events in the next decade mean that Western services must improve their strategic intelligence collection, analysis and information exchange to focus on increasing strategic threats. Simultaneously, the continuing evolution of terrorism will require counterterrorism intelligence to also adapt.◼",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SF65DRVM,2020-09-17,"Patrick Bury, Michael Chertoff",Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:32:40Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8', 'TEMXY72R']",10.1080/03071847.2020.1802945,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3088609816,7.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3088609816,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03071847.2020.1802945?needAccess=true,1.0 3553,Intelligence and the Iraqi threat,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03071840408523135,"(2004). Intelligence and the Iraqi threat. The RUSI Journal: Vol. 149, No. 4, pp. 18-24.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5VX5XDW5,2004-08-01,Michael Herman,Taylor and Francis,The RUSI Journal,2024-02-07T16:30:42Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/03071840408523135,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1543170597,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1543170597,2016.0,2023.0,2004.0,,12.0 3554,"Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance in 2035 and Beyond",Blog post,https://rusi.orghttps://rusi.org,"With civilian use of the electromagnetic spectrum rapidly increasing, what will this mean for military ISR capabilities in 2035 and beyond? And how will this be affected by the emergence of (as yet unforeseen) disruptive technologies in the interim?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3D6APXYY,2016-02-01,Roberts Peters,,,2024-02-07T16:29:28Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3555,Caviar is for battleships: Intelligence and the late Victorian Royal Navy,Blog post,https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/caviar-battleships-intelligence-late-victorian-royal-navy/,"Special codes, wiretapping, and secret communication devices disguised as flag poles: Royal Navy intelligence at the turn of the 20th century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XRPXAREF,2018-04-16T08:30:36+00:00,Richard Dunley,,,2024-02-07T16:27:38Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3556,Unmasking the impact: how did the coronavirus pandemic affect police intelligence in the United Kingdom?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2024.2313114,"At present, there is no research available that has explored how the coronavirus pandemic affected intelligence work. Understanding this is vital as any factor that may increase the likelihood of intelligence gaps is worthy of examination because they are frequently identified as a major causal factor of the more harmful issue of intelligence failures within law enforcement. Recent research (Marani, et al, 2021) states that despite the pandemic abating, the risk of further global incidents remains. Therefore, lessons need to be identified to reduce potential gaps and failures occurring during future pandemics. We seek to achieve this by asking how Covid-19 affected intelligence work within UK policing by interviewing fifteen intelligence personnel from one police service. Using a framework from the practice of knowledge management (KM) we analyze how the pandemic affected the processes, technology, individual and organisational willingness to share intelligence, workloads, location, and structure of intelligence delivery (Abrahamson and Goodman-Delaunty, 2014). Findings indicate that all were negatively impacted by changes in working priorities, increased demand on analysts, and the ability of the police to gather intelligence from covert human intelligence sources and partner agencies. Such implications are discussed in the context of wider intelligence literature and future preparedness.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KVUARSBL,2024-02-06,"Paige Keningale, Eric Halford",Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2024-02-07T15:33:13Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/18335330.2024.2313114,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391611163,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/18335330.2024.2313114?download=true, 3557,The Sino-Indian war and the evolution of wireless monitoring capabilities in the Indian Intelligence Bureau (1959–1968),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2024.2311479,"This article is the first academic work exploring the evolution of wireless monitoring capabilities (COMINT) in India’s Intelligence Bureau (IB) between 1959 and 1968. Until 1968, the IB was India’s foreign intelligence agency and experienced its biggest failure in providing estimates for the 1962 Sino-Indian war. B.N. Mullik, the then IB chief, argued that the availability of foreign exchange was directly responsible for determining the COMINT capabilities prior to, and after the war. Consulting recently declassified governmental documents, this article contests this claim and highlights that bureaucratic politics played an impactful role. It reveals that pre-war weaknesses were a result of bureaucratic lethargy among some individuals and factionalism within the IB. In the post-war period, even though foreign exchange became available, bureaucratic battles continued and compelled the IB to explore domestic and in-house alternatives to imports. Therefore, the article offers fresh insights into the history of India’s intelligence by exploring a hitherto unexplored domain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KRU8BFMN,2024-02-07,Dheeraj Paramesha Chaya,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-07T15:32:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2024.2311479,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391612371,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/file/4524865/1/Accepted%20manuscript, 3558,Critical review of the analysis of competing hypotheses technique: lessons for the intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2304934,"Intelligence communities regularly produce important assessments that inform policymakers. The Analysis of Competing Hypotheses technique (ACH) is one of the most widely-touted methods for improving the accuracy of those assessments. But does ACH work? This critical review identified seven articles describing six experiments testing ACH. The results indicate ACH – as a whole – has little to no overall benefit on judgment quality, and may even harm it, even though some aspects of ACH might be beneficial. We consequently discourage intelligence organizations from mandating the training or use of ACH, and we recommend greater integration of science into intelligence practices in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AJWYUMAB,2024-02-06,"John Wilcox, David R. Mandel",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-07T15:29:39Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2024.2304934,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391558692,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391558692,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,,0.0 3559,"Exclusive: Latvian Member of European Parliament is an agent of Russian intelligence, leaked emails confirm",Newspaper article,https://theins.info/en/politics/268694,"Tatjana Ždanoka MEP has spent decades openly advocating for Moscow from both Riga and Strasbourg. The Insider can today reveal that Ždanoka was working on behalf of the FSB’s Fifth Service, reporting to two different handlers from at least 2004 to 2017.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E2249SNT,2024-01-29,"Christo Grozev, Michael Weiss, Roman Dobrokhotov",,The Insider,2024-02-07T15:27:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3560,Disinformation Strategies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2024.2302236,"Disinformation is a form of offensive counterintelligence via deception and neutralization in order to strategically manipulate an audience or create further fractures in existing divisions. Disinformation strategies include leaking, lying, seeding, and smearing. These strategies vary according to whether the information conveyed is true or false, and whether the source uses or hides its identity. This study characterizes the strategic relationship between lying and leaking, and the extent true and false sources of disinformation are believed. Additional characterizations include noisy and neutralizing disinformation, the importance of medium versus message, echo chambers, and the half-life of secrets.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I347IHUK,2024-01-07,Daniel Arce,Routledge,Defence and Peace Economics,2024-02-07T15:12:50Z,"['MQMHZUFD', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/10242694.2024.2302236,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390664784,11.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390664784,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10242694.2024.2302236?needAccess=true,0.0 3561,Military counterespionage against Romania executed by the directorate of the independent gendarme corps from Bessarabia,Journal article,https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/bulletin/article/view/1804,"The Russian Empire, with centuries-old imperial traditions, was based on military force, in which a significant role was played by the accumulation of information about opponents and the fight against foreign espionage inside the country. Based on a substantial collection of original historiographical material amassed through research in the National Archive of the Republic of Moldova, the author provides an analysis of the activity and results achieved by the Russian counterintelligence services. This work was conducted by the Independent Corps of Gendarmes, specifically represented by the Directorate of the Independent Corps of Gendarmes from Bessarabia, against the alleged activities of Romanian military espionage in the Russian Empire. The study is part of a larger work, devoted to the activity of the Independent Corps of Gendarmes from Bessarabia, whose activity, from a military point of view, was mostly directed against Romania.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GHYLF2D6,2024-01-18,Artur Leșcu,,"BULLETIN OF ""CAROL I"" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY",2024-02-07T15:11:09Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.53477/2284-9378-23-48,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390979104,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390979104,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,https://revista.unap.ro/index.php/bulletin/article/download/1804/1754,0.0 3562,"Function of command: the Defense Intelligence Agency, 1961-1969",Thesis,https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/20688,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4RFTGD34,1995,Patrick Neil Mescall,,,2024-02-07T14:39:10Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,PhD Thesis,The University of Edinburgh,,,,,,,,, 3563,Alienated Selfhood and Heroism: A Poststructuralist Reading of John le Carré’s Spy Fiction Novels,Thesis,https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1541,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DQM9AWVB,2014-06-25,Milton Zuniga,,,2024-02-07T14:12:04Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Master's Thesis,Florida International University,,,,,,,,, 3564,"The collectors : Naval, Army and Air Intelligence in the New Zealand Armed Forces during the Second World War",Thesis,https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/9340,"This thesis examines the performance of the intelligence collection organisations of the armed services of New Zealand during the Second World War. It considers the intelligence bodies of the Navy, the Army and the Air Force and looks at their growth, development and demise, and assesses their effectiveness as intelligence organisations. The question of how much New Zealand could be expected to achieve in the field of intelligence arises, not least because New Zealand was demographically small, had a long coastline and was geographically relatively remote. How much could New Zealand contribute to the Allied cause in intelligence terms is another issue, and what forms did any participation take? Were there lessons to be learned from the wartime experience (there were, but they went for the most part largely unheeded)? New Zealand, like other countries, had a fragmented approach to intelligence collection, making for a degree of complexity over a range of activity, despite the intelligence organisations being of modest size. The examination of the organisations in this thesis includes multi-service and multi-departmental dimensions along with the production of useful intelligence. Whether good use was made of intelligence collected is another matter. There was a substantial amount of liaison, contact and practice between departments of state as to various aspects of intelligence, the Organization for National Security and coastwatching being two notable areas. The overarching role and limitations of the Organization for National Security with regard to intelligence is explored, and the development of a combined intelligence centre examined. The participation of New Zealand signals intelligence organisations in the great Allied interception offensive is detailed, along with the mundane but fundamental task of coastal surveillance. The establishment and spectacular decline of the first local independent security service is traced. Both the intelligence and security aspects of the Army's operationally deployed units are covered, along with the growth of RNZAF air intelligence. The effectiveness of all of these organisations could hardly be expected to be uniform, and indeed it was not. Some bodies succeeded in their collection roles beyond expectations, others were reasonably effective, and two organisations failed dismally in different ways, for a number of reasons. If a pattern emerges at all, it is that small single service component-type intelligence sections collecting operational intelligence were the most effective New Zealand intelligence organisations. Operational focus and. operational requirements underlay the drive for successful collection. Most significant within the Allied context were the signals intelligence bodies. At the other end of the scale, larger co-operative interdepartmental New Zealand intelligence ventures failed to deliver projected results. New Zealand's armed forces had an interesting variety of intelligence contributions during the Second World War. Of these, the most effective organisations collected intelligence to meet directed operational requirements.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BHDHYYH9,2000,John Tonkin-Covell,,,2023-12-23T22:24:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Waikato,,,,,,,,, 3565,Updating the identity-based model of belief: From false belief to the spread of misinformation,Journal article,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X23002324,"The spread of misinformation threatens democratic societies, hampering informed decision-making. Partisan identity biases perceptions of reality, promoting false beliefs. The Identity-based Model of Political Belief explains how social identity shapes information processing and contributes to misinformation. According to this model, social identity goals can override accuracy goals, leading to belief alignment with party members rather than facts. We propose an extended version of this model that incorporates the role of informational context in misinformation belief and sharing. Partisanship involves cognitive and motivational aspects that shape party members' beliefs and actions. This includes whether they seek further evidence, where they seek that evidence, and which sources they trust. Understanding the interplay between social identity and accuracy is crucial in addressing misinformation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B9Q5T8G2,2024-01-09,"Jay J. Van Bavel, Steve Rathje, Madalina Vlasceanu, Clara Pretus",,Current Opinion in Psychology,2024-02-07T13:10:38Z,['MQMHZUFD'],10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101787,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390771443,47.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390771443,2023.0,2026.0,2024.0,,-1.0 3566,The Role of Irish Military Intelligence during World War Two,Thesis,https://eprints.maynoothuniversity.ie/5058/,"The object of this thesis is to examine some of the workings of Irish Military Intelligence (G2), during World War Two. In doing so it is hoped that the reader shall grasp something of the role of G2 during the years 1939-45, and evaluate their performance as an intelligence and security agency",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8F7DVWWX,1994-08-01,Brian D. Martin,,,2024-02-07T12:57:52Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Master's Thesis,National University of Ireland Maynooth,,,,,,,,, 3567,"Espionage in the 16th century Mediterranean: secret diplomacy, Mediterranean go-betweens and the Ottoman-Habsburg rivalry",Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/557617,"Spies played a crucial role in early modern imperial rivalries. While past scholars have emphasized the Islam/Christendom divide in the Mediterranean, these go-betweens, who mastered the codes of both cultures, easily crossed invisible boundaries between civilizations and connected the Ottomans and the Habsburgs, two imperial powers at each other's throat. Apart from providing both empires with regular information on political and military developments, these entrepreneur information brokers played an active diplomatic role between two capitals and even participated in Ottoman factional politics. This dissertation compares both empires' secret services and explains the differences between the two systems of information gathering based on these empires' differing organizational structures. It argues that the Habsburgs tried to institutionalize and standardize their secret services in accordance with their general efforts of bureaucratization and centralization, even though the effect of such efforts remained rather limited in the Levant. The Ottomans, on the other hand, maintained their longstanding decentralized approach and delegated the responsibility of gathering information to pashas and court favourites who established their own intelligence networks. This created a rather different situation whereby these networks served their masters's interests rather than that of the state, thus giving the historian ample information on Ottoman factional politics. In relying on oral communication and not following the recent developments in steganography and cryptography, the Ottoman secret service was more personal than institutional. Still, the Ottoman secret service produced good results. In spite of these differences that could have been otherwise considered shortcomings and contrary to the unwarranted assumptions that prevailed in Western historiography, the Ottomans successfully developed a functional information gathering mechanism which in itself was coherent. The real factor that negatively affected the efficiency of both empires was the lack of direct diplomacy between two capitals. While both empires kept themselves informed of political developments and military preparations, they failed to develop an awareness of each other's legal, political and economic systems as well as cultural, linguistic and religious particularities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MHW8I5BK,2012,Emrah Safa Gurkan,,,2022-01-10T11:38:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,PhD Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 3568,State’s Spies: The Bureau of Secret Intelligence and the Development of State Department Bureaucracy in the First World War,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/1040661,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C3CUCE54,2016,Samuel Kleinman,,,2024-02-07T12:56:20Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Undergraduate Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 3569,"A planned massacre? British intelligence analysis and the German army at the Battle of Broodseinde, 4 October 1917",Thesis,https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/3037/,"The historiography of the First World War has always found the Third Battle of Ypres controversial, yet there is a missing dimension to these debates; the study of military intelligence. The young historiography of military intelligence during the First World War, has helped to put the various intelligence systems employed into context. However no study has focussed on how intelligence helped the BEF when preparing for an operation. This thesis examines in detail the intelligence received prior to the Battle of Broodseinde (4 October 1917) which took place during the Third Battle of Ypres, and whether intelligence of this attack may have influenced the operational planning. The Battle of Broodseinde is known for the massacre of three full German divisions who were in place ready to attack the British lines. This thesis examines whether the BEF had any prior knowledge of this German attack. This thesis is in two parts; the first chapter provides a basis by explaining the context of the Battle of Broodseinde within the wider campaign and how military intelligence operated in 1917. The second chapter then focuses on the intelligence analysis of the formations of the BEF that stopped this counter-attack, mainly Second Army and I and II Anzac Corps. This provides a clear picture of how these formations assessed the enemy’s intentions. This thesis concludes that by 1917 the BEF had a mature intelligence analysis system in place to monitor the operations of the German Army. The study of military intelligence at Broodseinde reveals that Second Army and the Corps below it had a very accurate picture of the German Army thanks to a disciplined system of cross-referencing sources. Due to this Second Army were able to accurately predict the attack. However Second Army could not definitively stipulate when the attack would happen, due to time constraints. As such the British operation here was not specifically targeted towards this attack. The thesis concludes that the study of further battles in this way would provide a greater understanding to how the BEF directed the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3G6WKESP,2011-12-01,John Freeman,,,2024-02-07T12:54:25Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,MPhil Thesis,University of Birmingham,,,,,,,,, 3570,Organizational culture's contributions to security failures within the United States intelligence community,Thesis,https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/1121,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ACPUR46J,2002-01-01,Troy Mouton,,,2024-02-07T12:52:33Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Master's Thesis,Louisiana State University,,,,,,,,, 3571,God’s spies: the Spanish Elizabethans and intelligence during the Anglo-Spanish War,Thesis,https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/63856/,"This thesis investigates the political activities during the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604) of a group of English Catholic exiles, who, on account of their political alignment with the Spanish monarchy, have been called the Spanish Elizabethans. It reveals how one of this group, Hugh Owen, a Brussels-based Welsh Catholic exile, developed a sophisticated espionage network, which gathered intelligence from England. This information this network obtained was integral in the Spanish Elizabethans’ efforts to advance their political and religious ambitions: namely, the re-establishment of Catholicism in England, achieved either through a Spanish military invasion or by the accession of a Catholic candidate to the English throne upon Elizabeth’s death. The limited extent to which the Spanish Elizabethans have been studied has been a consequence of the overreliance on English-language sources, implying that the Spanish Elizabethans were only concerned with, and involved in, English politics. This thesis, though, adopts a broader analytical approach. Drawing on material from Spain and Italy in addition to English sources, it argues that the Spanish Elizabethans were active participants in political debates across Europe and shows how the English intelligence provided by the Spanish Elizabethans shaped these discussions. The Spanish authorities in Madrid and Brussels, as well as the Papacy in Rome, had to be persuaded that committing military and financial resources to the cause of English Catholicism was the best use of these limited resources. Intelligence, gathered from England by Owen’s espionage network, was crucial in this endeavour, forming an integral part of a multi-faceted campaign which also included printed texts, military proposals, and persistent lobbying. Moreover, through an investigation of the intelligence reports sent by Hugh Owen to Spain – the avisos de Inglaterra – this thesis explores the direct impact of Spanish Elizabethan intelligence on the Anglo-Spanish War, revealing previously unknown details about the conflict which, in English-language historiography, is usually examined from an Elizabethan perspective alone. By examining how the Spanish Elizabethans developed an extensive and sophisticated espionage apparatus to obtain intelligence from England, and exploring how this intelligence was used and the impact that it had on political and military discussions in Madrid, Brussels, and Rome, this thesis highlights the variety and vitality of Reformation politics at the end of the sixteenth century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8829E4NE,2020-12-11,Jonathan Roche,,,2024-02-07T11:29:40Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Nottingham,,,,,,,,, 3572,"Dar Al-Harb: the Russian general staff and the Asiatic frontier, 1860-1917",Thesis,https://eleanor.lib.gla.ac.uk/record=b2010181,"The present thesis aims to examine how the Russian General Staff observed and assessed the Russian Empire’s Asiatic frontier during the period of its greatest extent (between 1860 and 1917). By providing an overview of the entire length of the Asiatic frontier it aims to provide an original addition to the existing historiography. Through analysis of the original records of the Asiatic Department of the Russian General Staff, it furnishes insight into areas of response by the Russian General Staff towards crisis situations where previously little or no scholarly work has been carried out. Thus, to cite just two examples, the thesis contains the first detailed coverage on the posting of the first Russian military agents to China during the so-called ‘Ili Crisis’ of 1881, and of the response of the General Staff to the revolt of Ishaqu Khan in northern Afghanistan in 1888. These new additions are complemented by detailed analysis of more conventional aspects of the existing historiography. For example, by studying the prelude to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 it provides for the first time in English a detailed analysis of the specific difficulties experienced by Tsarist military intelligence in the Far East in the years immediately preceding that conflict. The overall form of analysis is in the main geographically determined, but with the sections examining individual sections of the Russian Asiatic frontier preceded and followed by more general chapters surveying the development of doctrinal, organisational and ideological currents within the General Staff as a whole at both the beginning and end of the period under review. Chapter one in its first par surveys the development of the General Staff system itself in the Russian army. It provides in addition an analysis of available sources alongside a basic military history of the expansion of Russia’s Asiatic frontiers across this period. The first part of chapter two provides an overview of the instruments and ideas that had evolved and that were available to the Russian General Staff in its study Asia on the eve of the major Central Asian conquests of the 1860s. The second section of chapter two analyses how some of these currents, both cultural and doctrinal, intermingled and responded between approximately 1859 and 1873, with the characters of Prince Bariatinskii, Viceroy of the Caucasus during this period, providing a central focus and case study. Chapters three examines how some of the purely tactical and technical tools employed by the Russian army in its Asiatic conquests evolved over time and again looks at the role of individual thinkers in this evolutionary process. Chapter four, the main body of the work, in three major sub-sections analyses the fully developed use of all these instruments and trends in the Russian General Staff’s plans and threat-assessments for the three major areas of their Asiatic frontier - the Far East, the Caucasus, and the region of Central Asia-Afghanistan. The conclusion seeks to contribute a new perspective to current levels of analysis by setting the Tsarist military’s orientalist activities within the context of the current debates regarding European colonialism and the nature of orientalism in general. In doing so it also seeks to draw together the three underlying themes running throughout the work - the development of the General Staff’s analysis of Asia by 1917, the still unresolved conflict of centre-periphery relations that afflicted every aspect of Russian Asiatic policy, and the growing consciousness of a ‘knowledge crisis’ that afflicted the Tsarist General Staff as a whole, a crisis reflected in the press and academic organs of the day. This last phenomenon, along with many of the tools and approaches to tackle it, would form one of Tsarist Russia’s largest legacies to the Soviet Union. The thesis will prove useful to students of military history, Russia-Asia diplomatic relations, and those interested by the development and evolution of the ‘knowledge-state’ between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries. Above all it seeks to provide a prism through which the reader can appreciate many of the difficulties attached to the development of military intelligence and the modern ‘knowledge economy’, difficulties that continue to afflict many states, not least Russia, even today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZMRYUTS2,2001,Alexander Graham Marshall,,,2024-02-07T11:28:07Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Glasgow,,,,,,,,, 3573,The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/168002/the-code-book-by-simon-singh/,"In his first book since the bestselling Fermat's Enigma, Simon Singh offers the first sweeping history of encryption, tracing its evolution and revealing the dramatic effects codes have had on wars, nations,...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EEFM24EQ,2000-08-29,Simon Singh,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-07T09:33:28Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3574,The regional context of intelligence services in the parliamentary system: A comparative study of the Western Balkans,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2111486,"In the Balkan context, the treatment of intelligence services in scientific terms has been addressed in the second half of the 1990s by several international authors, while from the aspect of the functioning of these agencies themselves, it has been a taboo topic due to the specifics of the systems of the past. In the democratic system, where the legal norm has established rules of operation and control, many scholars treat this matter in different dimensions within the academic framework and within the framework of national security policies. This research refers to the regional context of intelligence services in the parliamentary system, trying to analyze by comparative method some of the Western Balkan countries. The purpose of this study is to provide important legal elements, systematizing knowledge in aspects specifically related to the competencies, monitoring, control and oversight of state intelligence agencies in the democratic system of operation in the regional context in the Western Balkans.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8N6ZEE7E,2022,"Bahri Gashi, Ngadhnjim Brovina",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-07T09:29:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/16161262.2022.2111486,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4291011611,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4291011611,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,,1.0 3575,Fear and Loathing in Luhansk,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2121901,"This article is an exploration of Psychological Operations, focusing on both the role which fear plays in Psychological Operations, and how the Russian Federation employed Psychological Operations in the War in Ukraine (2014–2021). A qualitative methodology is used to explore fear as a neurological, psychological and social phenomenon, and how it may be utilised in Psychological Operations. The author finds that Russia’s initial use of Psychological Operations was focused on making tactical gains against the Ukrainian military. Shock tactics, combined with strategic messaging, encouraged mass defections from the Ukrainian army and border guard, significantly degrading the combat effectiveness of Kyiv’s forces, and increasing the likelihood of victory for the Donbass secessionists. The case study is limited in scope to 2014–2021. The paper can thus be read as both an analysis of one element of Russia’s shaping phase prior to the 2022 invasion, and/or a framework for analysing the current stage of conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q4K9LUU5,2022,Euan Tyndall,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-07T09:29:22Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2121901,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4295993334,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4295993334,2026.0,2026.0,2022.0,,4.0 3576,Crypto Wars: The Fight for Privacy in the Digital Age: A Political History of Digital Encryption,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Crypto-Wars-The-Fight-for-Privacy-in-the-Digital-Age-A-Political-History/Jarvis/p/book/9780367642488,"The crypto wars have raged for half a century. In the 1970s, digital privacy activists prophesied the emergence of an Orwellian State, made possible by computer-mediated mass surveillance. The antidote: digital encryption. The U.S. government warned encryption would not only prevent surveillance of law-abiding citizens, but of criminals, terrorists, and foreign spies, ushering in a rival dystopian future. Both parties fought to defend the citizenry from what they believed the most perilous threats. The government tried to control encryption to preserve its surveillance capabilities; privacy activists armed citizens with cryptographic tools and challenged encryption regulations in the courts. No clear victor has emerged from the crypto wars. Governments have failed to forge a framework to govern the, at times conflicting, civil liberties of privacy and security in the digital age—an age when such liberties have an outsized influence on the citizen–State power balance. Solving this problem is more urgent than ever. Digital privacy will be one of the most important factors in how we architect twenty-first century societies—its management is paramount to our stewardship of democracy for future generations. We must elevate the quality of debate on cryptography, on how we govern security and privacy in our technology-infused world. Failure to end the crypto wars will result in societies sleepwalking into a future where the citizen–State power balance is determined by a twentieth-century status quo unfit for this century, endangering both our privacy and security. This book provides a history of the crypto wars, with the hope its chronicling sets a foundation for peace.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CIWMC3SU,2021,Craig Jarvis,Routledge,,2024-02-07T09:23:26Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3577,"Von einer Freundschaft, die es nicht gab: Das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit der DDR und das polnische Innenministerium 1974–1990 [Of a friendship that did not exist: The GDR Ministry of State Security and the Polish Ministry of the Interior 1974-1990]",Book,https://www.vandenhoeck-ruprecht-verlage.com/themen-entdecken/geschichte/zeitgeschichte-ab-1949/55499/von-einer-freundschaft-die-es-nicht-gab,"Of a friendship that did not exist The relationship between the Ministry of State Security and the Polish Ministry of the Interior and its secret service was one of the most difficult within the Warsaw Pact. This volume describes the co-operation and opposition between the two secret services on the basis of extensive source research and a detailed examination of their diverging interests. Behind the façade of an officially decreed and contractually agreed friendship, there was abysmal mistrust. The Polish perspective also reveals surprising weaknesses in the Stasi. The chronological focus is on the years 1974 to 1990, but the study also looks at the early years since 1949. The frosty relationship between the allied secret services always reflects the problematic relationship between the two ""brother states"".",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CAF9QMBT,2021,Tytus Jaskulowski,andenhoek & Ruprecht,,2024-02-07T09:13:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3578,Governmental reporting practice on extremism – Germany in comparison,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2080922,"The reporting practice of domestic intelligence services is one of the sparse researched areas of democracy protection in European constitutional states. This article aims to lay a foundation for more detailed investigations by placing the already better explored German observation and reporting activities in the European context. To this end, it pools the results of investigations, a considerable part of them legal, evaluates the published reports and spreads the findings of a series of interviews with representatives of the security authorities and academic experts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J87C6UA5,2023-09-02,Uwe Backes,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-07T09:11:01Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2080922,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281688999,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281688999,2022.0,2025.0,2022.0,,0.0 3579,Environmental security intelligence: the role of US intelligence agencies and science advisory groups in anticipating climate security threats,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2021.2021687,"Science advisory groups have long played significant roles in federal policy- and decision-making. This article examines the history and importance of science advisory groups in conducting research and advising government administrations on matters of climate change risks and environmental security. Climate change will continue to act as a threat multiplier, amplifying these risks and their effects on security and society. The government science advisory group MEDEA and its contributions to environmental research and national, societal, and environmental security analysis are presented as a model of partnership between the scientific and intelligence communities. The history, research, and environmental expertise of the MEDEA program are discussed in the security context, including an examination of its relationship with the intelligence community. Finally, historical examples are provided to suggest how future science advisory groups can provide informed guidance and contribute to federal security objectives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FD5ILK68,2023-09-02,"Evan Barnard, Loch K. Johnson, James Porter",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-07T09:10:26Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'VHKQZA5S']",10.1080/16161262.2021.2021687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4200101198,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200101198,2023.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2021.2021687?needAccess=true,2.0 3580,Delivering Climate Security Requires an Intelligence-Led Response,Blog post,https://rusi.orghttps://rusi.org,"More than a third of states now acknowledge that climate change poses a significant and growing challenge to global stability. Staying ahead of the myriad climate-related security risks, however, demands strong leadership guided by actionable intelligence and an enhanced focus on strategic early warning.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2MZRXFQR,2024-01-05,Matt Ince,,,2024-02-07T09:09:48Z,['VHKQZA5S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3581,Timely memoirs and the ‘British invasion’: two trends in the historiography of the CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2051920,"The 9/11 and WMD controversies have encouraged new trends in CIA historiography. The writing of timely leadership memoirs means that in-house viewpoints now tend to precede outside assessment, eliminating one of intelligence historiography’s distinctive quirks. At the same time, former CIA personnel are far more willing to go on the record with journalists and scholars thus ensuring that their version of events reaches the widest possible audience. Finally, an invasion of British scholars into the field comes with the promise of objectivity conferred by distance. It is argued that, because of that distance, there has been a disposition to rely on the kind of source material that lends itself to a cultural approach to CIA history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SEPDBWZD,2023-09-02,"Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, R. Gerald Hughes",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-07T09:04:45Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/16161262.2022.2051920,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293085739,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2022.2051920?needAccess=true, 3582,"In the eye of the Sphinx: US army intelligence collection and surveillance, 1965–1970",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2099190,"From 1965 to 1970, the United States Army executed a widespread program of surveillance of civilian political activity within the United States. The program’s originator was the US Army Intelligence Command, a geographically widespread counterintelligence organization built for the mission of protecting the army from foreign intelligence adversaries. Within Intelligence Command, this mission engendered an organizational culture that valued supporting the army above all else, including regulatory and legal restrictions. When the domestic disorders of the late 1960s necessitated repeated federal responses, Intelligence Command became the primary instrument for collecting information related to civil disturbances. Imbued with this culture, counterintelligence agents across the country conducted continuous surveillance of individuals, groups, and activities across the political spectrum. Yet, even when later exposed and under intense public scrutiny, Intelligence Command’s mission focus never wavered, thereby demonstrating the danger when the culture of an intelligence organization clashes with its legal limits.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YKZKWG4P,2023-09-02,Benjamin J. Lyman,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-07T09:03:57Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2022.2099190,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285009378,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 3583,"FBI Issues Redacted ‘Vexsome Filer’ List, Marking Departure from Past Transparency Practices - The Black Vault",Blog post,https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/fbi-issues-redacted-vexsome-filer-list-marking-departure-from-past-transparency-practices/,"The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has recently released a significantly redacted version of its latest 'Vexsome Filer' list, in response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request filed by The Black Vault on August 7, 2023, under FBI FOIA case number 1600755-000. Initially, the request was met with a response stating no records",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XPJY2QJA,2024-02-07T01:06:33+00:00,John Greenewald,,,2024-02-07T08:57:31Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3584,The Invisible Hand at the Heart of Africa – West German Intelligence Operations and the Early State-Building Process of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2021.2015558,"On 30 June 1960, the colony Belgian Congo became independent. Only a few weeks later, controversies between the country’s political parties – that already had been simmering for some while – escalated. The famous Congo Crisis erupted. Subsequently, several Western and Eastern powers increased their intelligence operations at the heart of Africa. Amongst them: the Federal Republic of Germany. In early 1961, the Adenauer government ordered its foreign intelligence service, the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), to initiate one of its largest Africa operations of the 1960s – regarding its funds comparable to that of the CIA. By weakening the Congo’s opposition, strengthening its army and air force, and manipulating its public opinion the BND made a significant contribution to end the Congo Crisis and helped to create a unified Congolese state on Western terms.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZFEVS2YL,2023-05-04,Torben Gülstorff,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T23:07:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2021.2015558,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4200435578,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 3585,The Distribution of Fake British Pounds in the Biggest Money Counterfeiting Scheme in History,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2043039,"Operation Bernhard was the largest money counterfeiting scheme of all time. The secret Nazi operation, set up in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp with a workforce of Jewish prisoners, produced many millions of near-perfect counterfeit British pounds with the aim of destabilizing the currency. The initial plan to airdrop the counterfeits over Britain was adapted to distribution on the ground all over Europe. While the production side of the operation has enjoyed coverage in academic and popular publications, scarcely anything is known about the distribution of the counterfeits. This vacuum in the history of Nazi Intelligence is the focus of this article. Historical network analysis was employed as this framework proved particularly useful where original source material is scarce. A graphic visualization of the distribution network further facilitates the understanding of a complex semi-structured arrangement of people under the control of the SS. Nazi officials passed fake pounds to agents who bought other currencies, gold, valuables, weapons, scarce materials, and information with it. The distribution of the counterfeit pounds was cause for the greatest embarrassment in the history of the Bank of England.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FZ45P7I4,2023-05-04,V. H. C. von Lengeling,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T22:49:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2043039,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4221077643,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4221077643,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,,1.0 3586,Israeli government absent from London spyware conference and pledge,Magazine article,https://therecord.media/israel-absent-from-london-spyware-conference-and-pledge,"Officials from the Israeli government are not attending a conference in London this week focused on tackling the abuses of spyware, despite the country’s significant share of the export market, according to a list of attendees seen by Recorded Future News.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MKVZYUYK,2024-02-06,Alexander Martin,,The Record,2024-02-06T21:12:53Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3587,“The British Monarchy and Secret Intelligence” with Rory Cormac and Richard Aldrich,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/619/notes,Rory Cormac and Richard Aldrich join Andrew Hammond to discuss intelligence and the British Monarchy. The links between the royals and espionage prove the Crown to be far more than just a figurehead.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V7H5VCK3,2024-02-06,"Rory Cormac, Richard J. Aldrich",,,2024-02-06T21:11:47Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3588,Intelligence for the masses: The annual reports on the protection of the constitution in West Germany between Cold War propaganda and government public relations,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-13/intelligence-masses-marcel-schmeer?context=ubx,"This chapter examines the origins of intelligence public relations in West Germany from the early 1960s through the late 1970s using the example of the annual reports on the protection of the constitution. This unique form of communication can be described as a well-directed processing and popularization of intelligence findings. Its roots emerged from the rigidly bipolar logic of the Cold War and the inter-German system conflict. Originally conceived as a mere counter-propaganda instrument, the shape and objectives of the reports changed during the détente period between the blocs. Against the background of social trends towards liberalization and burgeoning demands for transparency of state arcana, the reports attempted to sensitize the public to the work of the German domestic intelligence service. Its findings, the corresponding knowledge of intelligence, were henceforth published in an increasingly scientific and professionalized form. The popularized threat perception of the “guardians of the state” has thus shaped the German security culture to this day. Making use of the suggestions of the history of knowledge in the field of intelligence and security studies, this chapter sheds light on intelligence production as well as the logics and objectives of its popularization and its societal impact.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E48KQ2HC,2022,Marcel Schmeer,Routledge,,2024-02-06T20:52:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3589,Global war academies: Intelligence schools during the civil-military dictatorship in Brazil,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-12/global-war-academies-samantha-viz-quadrat?context=ubx,"The coup that overthrew President João Goulart on 31 March 1964 ushered in a civilian-military dictatorship that would last 21 years. Since Brazil’s authoritarian regime was based on repression and information, a powerful state structure was maintained to train the civilian and military personnel who would work in espionage and in the persecution of political opponents. This chapter focuses on the professionalization of the training of intelligence agents, emphasizing two of the most relevant institutions: the Superior War College (Escola Superior de Guerra), established in 1949, and the National Intelligence College (Escola Nacional de Informações), created in 1971 within the structure of the National Intelligence Service (Serviço Nacional de Informações). In the context of the Cold War, these two institutions fostered centralization, standardization and internationalization of intelligence knowledge. Both institutions saw themselves not only as recipients of knowledge (from the industrialized centres), but also as producers and distributors of knowledge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TG2BDWWY,2022,Samantha Viz Quadrat,Routledge,,2024-02-06T20:50:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3590,Eliminating the human factor?: Perceptions of digital computers at the German domestic intelligence service,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-11/eliminating-human-factor-christopher-kirchberg?context=ubx,"This chapter takes the autobiography of a former employee and IT expert of the West German intelligence service, Hans-Joachim Postel, as a starting point. The aim is to investigate how the digitization of information processing within the Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz was contemporarily perceived and how it changed the work of the agency from the early 1960s to the late 1970s. By contrasting Postel’s self-staging in his memoirs with other sources, this chapter investigates how Postel’s interpretations and actions not only enabled the computerization of internal information processing of the Bundesamt but became also a boost for his own career. He offered technical solutions for analogue problems – which he himself had previously defined. In the course of digitization, the agency’s personnel was also professionalized. Ultimately, the introduction of electronic data processing did not result in simplifications and a reduction of human influences as Postel had promised. Rather, there were many problems with the internal work processes. Until the end of the 1970s, electronic data processing remained highly dependent on the human factor.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T7VRI9PC,2022,Christopher Kirchberg,Routledge,,2024-02-06T20:49:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3591,Solid modernity: Data storage and information circuits in the communist security police in Poland,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-10/solid-modernity-franciszek-d%C4%85browski?context=ubx,"This chapter analyses the main problems of electronic information gathering and distribution (multiple systems of card indexes and registries) in Communist security police in Poland. The security police developed multiple and issued. From 1960 to the very end of the Communist dictatorship in Poland, numerous electronic systems – databases comprising information on suspicious persons as well as systems enabling information evaluation – were developed and introduced. In the chapter, the systems and databases that were used, their benefits and limitations are described in detail. The efficiency of the electronic tools came in conflict with the security police’s professional culture. Even though the specific rules for the registration and processing of data underwent several major transformations (some of which were later withdrawn), the paramount duty to maintain the secrecy of the data and their own operations ultimately turned out to be incompatible with efficient reporting and evaluation of information. Another main problem was the sheer amount of data. It turns out that the gains of electronic systems which were supposed to enhance and speed up access to data and enable quick and proficient evaluation of information were undone by internal secrecy rules that thwarted the interchangeability of the systems.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PRNWNXNN,2022,Franciszek Dąbrowski,Routledge,,2024-02-06T20:48:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3592,"Turkish intelligence, surveillance and the secrets of the Cold War: Blocked modernisation?",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-9/turkish-intelligence-surveillance-secrets-cold-war-egemen-bezci?context=ubx,"Turkey’s cooperation with Western intelligence services during the Cold War helped the Turkish government procure new technological developments for surveillance and intelligence gathering. This progressive increase in technical and scientific capabilities did not necessarily have a positive impact on the evolution of Turkish intelligence into a position to guide the national security policy with scientific methods. This chapter, using declassified primary sources, demonstrates that the domestic political turbulence, bureaucratic rivalry, frequent military coups, and the pejorative perception of the intelligence agency by the politicians hampered the role of intelligence knowledge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PL49XEZU,2022,Egemen Bezci,Routledge,,2024-02-06T20:47:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3593,The computer as document shredder: Video terminals and the dawn of a new era of knowledge production in Brazil's Serviço Nacional de Informações,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-8/computer-document-shredder-debora-gerstenberger?context=ubx,"Common sense holds that the introduction of digital computers into institutions of state security goes hand in hand with an increase in data. However, the installation of IBM video terminals in Brazil’s Serviço Nacional de Informações (SNI) in 1978 at first had the opposite effect: 95 per cent of the “re-evaluated” intelligence documents were eliminated. In a close reading of SNI’s internal communication, the process of digitization of the archival documents is analysed in the context of policy changes. When the military regime (1964–1985) decided to introduce digital tools to its secret service, re-democratization was already being envisioned. Thus, digital computers did not represent an effort to improve the efficiency of a previous system but a new governmentality of the state. Technical changes conditioned political changes, and vice versa.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BKAS3F4F,2022,Debora Gerstenberger,Routledge,,2024-02-06T20:34:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3594,Information technology is power: The intelligence service's grab for the IT sector in Brazil,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-7/information-technology-power-marcelo-vianna,"This chapter explores the involvement of Brazil’s Serviço Nacional de Informações (SNI) in the field of informatics during the 1970s, ultimately resulting in its control of this field. First, the article offers a brief analysis of the relationship between developmentalism, authoritarianism and technology that influenced Brazil’s establishment of an IT sector. Then, SNI’s internal digitization processes are addressed. The third section shows how SNI’s modernization was accompanied by the military’s interest in influencing areas considered strategic, such as informatics. The final section analyses how the culmination of this process led the SNI to surveil the technical-scientific community: the authorities removed the groups that formerly conducted the National Informatics Policy (Polltica Nacional de Informática) and started to control decisions through a “Special Department for Informatics” (Secretaria Especial de Informática).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RH5VK4TM,2022,Marcelo Vianna,Routledge,,2024-02-06T20:31:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3595,The Information Hunters by The Modern Scholar Podcast,Podcast,https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/modern-scholar-podcast/episodes/The-Information-Hunters-e2e4ug7,"Dr. Kathy Peiss is the Roy F. and Jeannette P. Nichols Professor of American History (emerita) at the University of Pennsylvania. She is the author of Information Hunters: When Librarians, Soldiers, and Spies Banded Together in World War II Europe, published by Oxford University Press in 2020. Other books include Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York (1986), Hope in a Jar: The Making of America’s Beauty Culture (1998), and Zoot Suit: The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style (2011). She has also served as a consultant to museums, archives, and public history projects, and appeared in the documentary films New York, Miss America, and The Powder and the Glory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/27PPI8HM,2024-02-06,Kathy Peiss,,,2024-02-06T20:24:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3596,"Information Hunters: When Librarians, Soldiers, and Spies Banded Together in World War II Europe",Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/information-hunters-9780190944612?cc=gb&lang=en&,"While armies have seized enemy records and rare texts as booty throughout history, it was only during World War II that an unlikely band of librarians, archivists, and scholars traveled abroad to collect books and documents to aid the military cause. Galvanized by the events of war into acquiring and preserving the written word, as well as providing critical information for intelligence purposes, these American civilians set off on missions to gather foreign publications and information across Europe. They journeyed to neutral cities in search of enemy texts, followed a step behind advancing armies to capture records, and seized Nazi works from bookstores and schools. When the war ended, they found looted collections hidden in cellars and caves. Their mission was to document, exploit, preserve, and restitute these works, and even, in the case of Nazi literature, to destroy them. In this fascinating account, cultural historian Kathy Peiss reveals how book and document collecting became part of the new apparatus of intelligence and national security, military planning, and postwar reconstruction. Focusing on the ordinary Americans who carried out these missions, she shows how they made decisions on the ground to acquire sources that would be useful in the war zone as well as on the home front. These collecting missions also boosted the postwar ambitions of American research libraries, offering a chance for them to become great international repositories of scientific reports, literature, and historical sources. Not only did their wartime work have lasting implications for academic institutions, foreign-policy making, and national security, it also led to the development of today's essential information science tools. Illuminating the growing global power of the United States in the realms of intelligence and cultural heritage, Peiss tells the story of the men and women who went to Europe to collect and protect books and information and in doing so enriches the debates over the use of data in times of both war and peace. , While armies have seized enemy records and rare texts as booty throughout history, it was only during World War II that an unlikely band of librarians, archivists, and scholars traveled abroad to collect books and documents to aid the military cause. Galvanized by the events of war into acquiring and preserving the written word, as well as providing critical information for intelligence purposes, these American civilians set off on missions to gather foreign publications and information across Europe. They journeyed to neutral cities in search of enemy texts, followed a step behind advancing armies to capture records, and seized Nazi works from bookstores and schools. When the war ended, they found looted collections hidden in cellars and caves. Their mission was to document, exploit, preserve, and restitute these works, and even, in the case of Nazi literature, to destroy them. In this fascinating account, cultural historian Kathy Peiss reveals how book and document collecting became part of the new apparatus of intelligence and national security, military planning, and postwar reconstruction. Focusing on the ordinary Americans who carried out these missions, she shows how they made decisions on the ground to acquire sources that would be useful in the war zone as well as on the home front. These collecting missions also boosted the postwar ambitions of American research libraries, offering a chance for them to become great international repositories of scientific reports, literature, and historical sources. Not only did their wartime work have lasting implications for academic institutions, foreign-policy making, and national security, it also led to the development of today's essential information science tools. Illuminating the growing global power of the United States in the realms of intelligence and cultural heritage, Peiss tells the story of the men and women who went to Europe to collect and protect books and information and in doing so enriches the debates over the use of data in times of both war and peace.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y5ZTKYZ2,2020-03-12,Kathy Peiss,Oxford University Press,,2024-02-06T20:23:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3597,"Knowledge transfer and technopolitics: The CIA, the West German intelligence service and the digitisation of information processing in the 1960s",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-6/knowledge-transfer-technopolitics-r%C3%BCdiger-bergien,"The article examines the question of how “computer knowledge” reached the West German Federal Intelligence Service and was used there in the 1960s as a basis for the introduction of EDP (Electronic Data Processing). The starting point is the recent research finding that the hegemonic Western power, the USA, used the transfer of technical knowledge as a power resource to exert influence or to broaden its own information base in the field of intelligence. Accordingly, the article focuses on a possible transfer of computer knowledge between the CIA and the BND. However, the findings do not fully support the idea that the CIA practised “digital colonialism” vis-à-vis its smaller partner service. It is true that the CIA provided the BND with “digital development aid” on several levels. However, the ‘machine hegemony’ sought by the CIA – at least in the field of the digitization of personal files – only provided a limited ‘payback’, due in part to divergent technical development paths, and partly because of the BND’s efforts to assert itself as an independent actor in relation to its powerful US partner, and the West German intelligence service made only limited use of the CIA’s computer knowledge as a blueprint for its own computerization. Moreover, it refused to take on the role of a data input station for “Langley”.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FELZPK39,2022,Rüdiger Bergien,Routledge,,2024-02-06T16:37:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3598,"American security databases and the production of space, 1967–1974: Enhancing or obscuring patterns?",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-5/american-security-databases-production-space-1967%E2%80%931974-jens-wegener,"From disrupting terrorist networks to combating organized crime, assembling, storing, and analyzing information on the activities and movements of individuals in databases has become a standard technique for intelligence services in assessing and confronting threats. This chapter argues that by linking spatial to individual biographical information, security databases were part of a tradition of technologies of human geography, as they promised to produce knowledge designed to help policymakers exert control over space and to police the nation’s boundaries and wider areas of influence. The history of these databases is explored against the backdrop of domestic and international security challenges faced by the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, particularly concerns over crime and social unrest on America’s campuses and in its inner cities. Yet, the new counterintelligence technology had broader implications beyond its narrow field of application: developed largely by American technology companies, the market of computer technology for intelligence purposes was closely tied to the interests of the US government. Did electronic data processing technology and, more specifically, the security database, become the quintessential spatial technology for the American century?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P2CH47PH,2022,Jens Wegener,Routledge,,2024-02-06T16:36:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3599,Sublimation without domination: Exploring the knowledge of U.S. strategic intelligence during the Cold War,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-4/sublimation-without-domination-andreas-lutsch,"This explorative chapter focuses on top-level coordinated US strategic intelligence during the Cold War and considers the history of secret intelligence as a history of knowledge production and circulation. The chapter asks how production processes were organizationally structured and methodologically oriented and what stature as a body of knowledge national strategic intelligence developed over time. These are huge questions and the chapter only presents outlines of answers. It posits that the knowledge of US strategic intelligence was produced in a complex and disaggregated intelligence system and, though the latter had been distinguished since 1950 by a robust function for coordinated strategic analysis, strategic intelligence, including coordinated strategic intelligence, never dominated strategic assessment within the US government. This reality was never per se an appraisal of the veracity or quality of the knowledge produced by strategic intelligence. The chapter highlights six sources which generated pressure against a manifestation of the idea that coordinated strategic intelligence assessment might provide the ultimate analytic basis for US strategic planning and policy: predominance of policy, the difficulty of gauging intentions, competing logics in decision making, systems analysis, politicization, and net assessment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SL87IVE2,2022,Andreas Lutsch,Routledge,,2024-02-06T16:35:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3600,Dogma versus progress: KGB's technological and scientific (in-)capacities from the 1960s to the 1980s,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-3/dogma-versus-progress-evgenia-lezina?context=ubx&refId=bb5d48c5-426b-4595-b9ef-5f27f991d567,"From the 1960s onwards, the Soviet Committee for State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti, KGB) made attempts to adjust to the changing social and political environment by improving the management and training of personnel, but, above all, by taking advantage of modern technologies of data collecting, processing and storage. These efforts, resulting in the substantial expansion and diversification of the internal security apparatus, were shaped and directed by the complex ideological framework superimposed by the CPSU Central Committee. The chapter tracks how Soviet ideology, with its constantly changing notions of “internal enemies,” “antisocial elements,” “subversive activities” and “ideological diversion”, actually determined what data should be collected and stored in the Unified Information Support System for Counterintelligence (ESIOC) and other arrays of the secret police. Furthermore, it focuses on how academization, professionalization and computerization of the KGB interacted with the internal restraints of the whole Soviet system, ideologically limiting the possibility of critically analysing and interpreting the collected data.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XRZYUCII,2022,Evgenia Lezina,Routledge,,2024-02-06T16:33:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3601,Compromised cooperation: Scholarly experts on Eastern Europe in the service of West German intelligence in the early Cold War,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003147329-2/compromised-cooperation-thomas-wolf,"This chapter analyses the relationship between the West German Foreign Intelligence Service (BND) and Eastern European scientists in the first decade after the end of World War II. Compared to the US, where the Intelligence Community and the academic field “Soviet studies” worked closely together and mutually benefited from each other, a more problematic network of relations and knowledge transfer emerged in Germany: personal connections that had resulted from the close cooperation between the so-called Ostforschung (“Eastern Studies”) and the Nazi regime before 1945 were more numerous than previously thought. Yet, all attempts to establish independent research institutes with the help of academics who worked for the secret service failed. An analysis of the production and exchange of knowledge about the economic capacities of the Eastern bloc brings to light the reasons for the fruitless collaboration: on the one hand, BND’s leadership lacked a mindset that was open to social science. On the other hand, under the political and scientific conditions of the re-established Ostforschung in West Germany, specific expectations on politically usable knowledge about the East emerged. Unlike in the US, ideology-driven perspectives dominated from the beginning, so that virtually no scientization of BND’s economic analysis department took place in the 1950s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/59XB9WT7,2022,Thomas Wolf,Routledge,,2024-02-06T16:31:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3602,"Intelligence Agencies, Technology and Knowledge Production: Data Processing and Information Transfer in Secret Services during the Cold War",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Intelligence-Agencies-Technology-and-Knowledge-Production-Data-Processing/Bergien-Gerstenberger-Goschler/p/book/9780367706418,"This volume examines intelligence services since 1945 in their role as knowledge producers. Intelligence agencies are producers and providers of arcane information. However, little is known about the social, cultural and material dimensions of their knowledge production, processing and distribution. This volume starts from the assumption that during the Cold War, these core activities of information services underwent decisive changes, of which scientization and computerisation are essential. Wi",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TU8LP3X5,2023-09-25,"Rüdiger Bergien, Debora Gerstenberger, Constantin Goschler",Routledge,,2024-02-06T16:29:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3603,"Purges of Intelligence Services: Motives, Methods, and Consequences",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2021.1889191,"The intelligence literature little addresses why national leaders purge their intelligence agencies as a variety of ‘reform’. Motives and consequences have varied dramatically over time, across countries, and by regime type. This article describes and assesses historical reasons for, and consequences of, intelligence purges. It applies these lessons to assess whether a purge might usefully address what some Americans consider to be the excessive independence of US intelligence agencies and their resultant insubordination to all modern presidents, especially to President Donald Trump.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E597SEZ9,2023-01-02,John A. Gentry,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T16:28:41Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/16161262.2021.1889191,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3129750188,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3129750188,2025.0,2025.0,2021.0,,4.0 3604,The Holohan Murder and the Legacy of the Office of Strategic Services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2134968,"In 1951, OSS veteran Aldo Icardi was accused by the U.S. Department of Defense of killing his commanding officer, William V. Holohan, while on a mission in Italy in 1944; his motive was allegedly to aid communist partisans there. The incident became a scandal in the United States, where in the context of the Red Scare the importance of Holohan’s death grew far out of proportion to reality. The incident serves as a case study of the damage wrought by the politicization of intelligence; additionally, it illustrates how popular narrative tropes of spy memoirs were enlisted by the different sides to press their version of the case. The reaction of leading American intelligence figures to the scandal is revealing of the kinds of tropes preferred and promoted by advocates of a strong, active intelligence organization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2LTPF2D,2023-01-02,David Hadley,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T16:27:47Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2022.2134968,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4306292891,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4306292891,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 3605,"Allied Air Intelligence in the South West Pacific Area, 1942-1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2021.1884793,"This article provides the first account of air intelligence in the South West Pacific Area during the Second World War. Centring on the organisational aspects of intelligence-gathering, analysis, and dissemination, it brings the Directorate of Intelligence within the combined Royal Australian Air Force-US Army Air Force Allied Air Forces into sharp focus. This article argues that Australian-American cooperation in air intelligence was shaped by strategic circumstances, the balance of Allied air forces in the theatre, and personal relations between intelligence personnel. Though cooperation in air intelligence largely ended on a sour note in late 1944 when the Australians were largely excluded from the US-led second Philippines campaign and the Directorate of Intelligence was essentially dissolved, this article demonstrates that the Directorate became a sophisticated, if under-appreciated, intelligence organisation by mid-1943.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5IFM886U,2023-01-02,Liam Kane,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T22:01:13Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2021.1884793,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3127197168,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Allied_air_intelligence_in_the_South_West_Pacific_Area_1942-1945/22003118, 3606,"‘Heil England!’ Reggie Sutton-Pratt, British Military Attaché in Stockholm 1939-1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2021.1884792,"During the Second World War, neutral Sweden was regarded by Britain as an important source of intelligence but the activities and contribution of the Stockholm Military Attaché, Reginald Sutton-Pratt to the sourcing, management and communication of British military intelligence have not been previously assessed. Sutton-Pratt was a key figure in Anglo-Swedish ‘intelligence liaison,’ that enabled Britain to estimate the military capability of this neutral in the event of German invasion. Intelligence liaison required competences that facilitated cooperation between senior Swedish and British military officers to a perhaps surprising degree. Additionally, Sutton-Pratt maintained Norwegian sources that provided detailed intelligence about German deployment and activities in the occupied territory. He also sourced intelligence from escaped British POWs for MI9. Sutton-Pratt’s valuable position as an accredited attaché was threatened by his involvement in SIS and SOE operations but he avoided being recalled. In addition to his intelligence roles, he worked assiduously to contribute to the British war effort across a range of activities such as military supplies to Finland during the Winter War and prisoner exchange with the Germans.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FAQT8GPN,2023-01-02,John Gilmour,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T22:00:09Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2021.1884792,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3129548836,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 3607,The Universal Laws of Propaganda: World War I and the Origins of Government Manufacture of Opinion,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2036498,"The Great War transformed propaganda as, indeed, it transformed warfare. Over the course of the conflict, from 1914 to 1918, propaganda became, for the first time, a pervasive, systematic instrument of every government that threw troops into battle. The belligerent governments employed similar approaches to shaping mass opinion. This study identifies nine laws of propaganda – that is, seminal characteristics and consequences – that emerged from the war and continue today. We draw on primary sources and unpublished materials located in political archives in the United States, Germany and Britain to explore the relationship between media, war, intelligence, and government publicity activities during 1914–1918.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QPYJDB29,2023-01-02,"Elisabeth Fondren, John Maxwell Hamilton",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:53:06Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2036498,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4220907763,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4220907763,2023.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://repository.lsu.edu/manship_pubs/99,1.0 3608,Falsification in the sources of the history of Russian America and their effects,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2021.1960720,"Intentional or unintentional falsification of data, understatement of information, distortion of statistics, manipulation or invention of new facts are periodically encountered in official documents connected with Russian colonization of America. People in Alaska and St. Petersburg who managed the process of colonization, as well as the highest officials of the empire, resorted to such methods. Some falsifications were revealed during the time of Russian America, others continue their existence up to the present on the pages of the works of historians. The most negative effects resulted from falsifications based on which important and extremely rash management decisions were made. As an example, it is possible to cite the royal decree of 4 September 1821, which resulted in serious consequences for Russian America and the birth of the famous Monroe Doctrine in Washington, as well as press materials, documents, and notes of officials related to preparation for the sale of Alaska to the United States in 1867.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9EIVNFBD,2022-01-02,A. V. Grinëv,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T16:23:41Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/16161262.2021.1960720,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3188408022,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 3609,Research note. ‘Introducing MI5’s “data-washing exercise”’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2021.1882100,"Peter Gill asks if technology can solve MI5’s problem ‘not of determining “unknown unknowns” but, rather, identifying the very few tens from thousands of “knowns” who might attack at very short notice?’ MI5’s ‘data-washing exercise’ (‘Operation CLEMATIS’) could be the solution to this problem, but it also raises ethical questions. The data-washing exercise is a ‘process devised by MI5 to identify activity of renewed intelligence interest conducted by closed SOIs [Subjects of Interest], using targeted data exploitation and other automated techniques’. It succeeded in identifying Salman Abedi, the Manchester Arena bomber, ‘as one of a small number of individuals, out of a total of more than 20,000 closed SOIs, who merited further examination’. A meeting, scheduled before the attack, was arranged for 31 May 2017 to consider Abedi’s case. Unfortunately, the attack happened on 22 May.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M3LPUP48,2022-01-02,Chris Northcott,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T16:22:21Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/16161262.2021.1882100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3127193224,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 3610,Too responsible to run for president: Frank Church and the 1976 presidential nomination,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1826813,"In 1975, Senator Frank Church led the first US Senate review of the conduct of the United States intelligence community, popularly known as the Church Committee. The committee identified a plethora of constitutional abuses by the intelligence community in the early Cold War that shocked the nation, and initiated wholesale reform of congressional intelligence oversight. Conservative critics used Church’s subsequent campaign for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in 1976 as evidence of his use of the investigation to further his presidential aspirations. Using newly-discovered archival evidence and oral history interviews, this article establishes that such conclusions are erroneous, and that Church knowingly sacrificed his ambitions to maintain the committee’s public standing. Furthermore, it argues that contemporary and later criticism of Church’s conduct was aimed at negating the impact of the Church Committee’s report and protecting the intelligence community from unwanted reform.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ABHEW49W,2022-05-04,Dafydd Townley,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T16:19:36Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1826813,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3096996717,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3096996717,2022.0,2022.0,2020.0,,2.0 3611,"Decoding the Samba spy scandal:false spies, counterintelligence and military intelligence in India",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2021.1882090,"This article explores the Samba spy scandal to understand Indian counterintelligence and inter-agency intelligence coordination. The scandal publicly emerged in 1979 when dozens of Indian military intelligence officers were arrested for being Pakistani spies. The article examines the accused men’s confessions of selling information to Pakistan’s Field Intelligence Unit and how later they said the admissions were false and provided under torture. Then it describes senior intelligence and military leaders airing their suspicions that the men were innocent as well as a significant statement from a Pakistani spy a decade later. However, a 2014 Supreme Court ruling officially ‘stamped’ the men spies without any hope for clearing their names. The article analyses primary sources, interviews, news articles and court rulings, concluding that the scandal reveals poor Indian military counterintelligence and a lack of inter-agency cooperation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGHTPCWD,2022-05-04,Ryan Shaffer,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-01-03T17:02:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/16161262.2021.1882090,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3135598218,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3135598218,2023.0,2023.0,2021.0,,2.0 3612,Early intelligence assessments of COMBLOC computing,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2021.1884791,"Espionage driven acquisition of Western technology played a key role in the development of computer science and technology for Warsaw Pact services during the Cold War period. US, UK, and other Allied nations, recognized this new field was inextricably linked at its creation to cryptography, navigation, weapons guidance, and a host of other military and dual-use applications. As a result, the Free World powers imposed export control restrictions that were intended to embargo the transfer of equipment and knowledge, in order to preserve hard-won advantage that recent wartime experience had taught could be fleeting under the intense pressures of innovation and adaption in combat. Despite such controls, Soviet foreign intelligence services provided critical early access that led to duplication of systems that were to some degree comparable in purpose and quality from the outset, and loomed larger still in the long shadow of intended future R&D pathways. Western intelligence services were not blind to this behavior; through unique collection approaches and sustained analytic efforts, they sought to track the state of Soviet computing and its role in strategic, military, and economic applications. This effort was effectively the dawn of the cyber intelligence mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AGFLS7F8,2022-05-04,JD Work,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T16:17:46Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2021.1884791,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3130898131,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3130898131,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,,1.0 3613,Stealing scientific secrets: American cold war efforts to use scientists as spies,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2020.1826812?af=R,"In the wake of World War II, scientific advancements seemed integral to national security. They also spelled the potential demise of national security if an adversarial country achieved those crucial advancements first. To keep abreast of these foreign developments, the United States government implemented a series of programs designed to send scientists abroad, or bring foreign scientists into the country, with the intention of eliciting secrets. Specifically, the State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency co-opted the ostensibly international and collaborative nature of science for intelligence gains. This paper analyses and explains these Cold War programs to use scientists as intelligence gatherers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JNX7CGBI,2020-10-09 11:32:51,John Lisle,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T15:49:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1826812,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3092025124,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 3614,"Policing ‘Bengali Terrorism’ in India and the World: Imperial Intelligence and Revolutionary Nationalism, 1905-1939",Book,http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-18042-3,"Advances research on the imperial origins of British intelligence in the interwar period Shows how intelligence practices were diffused throughout the British Empire, highlighting the imperial contribution of British intelligence before the Second World War Explores how the British Empire came to define anti-colonial resistance as ‘terrorism’, offering new insights into the historical roots of terrorist movements and uses of intelligence",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3SNKN6RT,2019,Michael Silvestri,Springer International Publishing,,2024-02-06T16:12:42Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1007/978-3-030-18042-3,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4236665255,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4236665255,2019.0,2024.0,2019.0,,0.0 3615,Case studies in early modern European intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2141977,"This introduction to the special issue ‘Case Studies in Early Modern European Intelligence’ provides an overview of scholarship on the history of intelligence in the early modern period. Examining outstanding research contributions to the field, it highlights the potential of early modern European history to contribute to a refinement of the methodology and theory of intelligence history as a whole. In light of the contributions made by the articles collected in this special issue, we argue that intelligence history as a discipline will benefit from an increased dialogue between scholars working on different periods. We therefore invite historians of intelligence to study the early modern period and historians of the early modern period to study intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LZWAQZFU,2022-09-02,"Tobias P. Graf, Charlotte Backerra",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T14:46:39Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2141977,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4309293741,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4309293741,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/134466,1.0 3616,The spy and the traitor: the greatest espionage story of the cold war,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/279582/the-spy-and-the-traitor-by-macintyre-ben/9780241972137,"On a warm July evening in 1985, a middle-aged man stood on the pavement of a busy avenue in the heart of Moscow, holding a plastic carrier bag. In his grey suit and tie, he looked like any other Soviet citizen. The bag alone was mildly conspicuous, printed with the red logo of Safeway, the British supermarket. The man was a spy. A senior KGB officer, for more than a decade he had supplied his British spymasters with a stream of priceless secrets from deep within the Soviet intelligence machine. No spy had done more to damage the KGB. The Safeway bag was a signal: to activate his escape plan to be smuggled out of Soviet Russia. So began one of the boldest and most extraordinary episodes in the history of spying. Ben Macintyre reveals a tale of espionage, betrayal and raw courage that changed the course of the Cold War forever . . .",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M57WPTL8,2019-05-30,Ben Macintyre,Penguin,,2024-02-06T14:44:12Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3617,‘A valuable man in the right place’: the untold story of Fritz Fenthol and the Belmonte letter,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1826808,"In June 1941, British intelligence agents claimed to have foiled a Nazi-orchestrated coup in South America by intercepting the so-called Belmonte letter from a German courier named Fritz Fenthol. Years later the letter and the coup plot were exposed as fabrications, and published accounts since then have cast Fritz Fenthol as an imaginary figure invented by British spies to better sell the lie. But Fenthol was a real person, and his alleged involvement in the Belmonte letter affair led to real consequences: namely, his arrest and internment in a Brazilian concentration camp from April 1942 until May 1945. This article tells the story of Fenthol’s entanglement in the Belmonte letter affair for the first time based on exhaustive research at 31 archives across seven countries. The mystery surrounding Fenthol, as it turns out, is as much a consequence of his own complexities as it is the contrivances of British spies. The Belmonte letter affair of 1941 was not Fenthol’s debut as an agent of fate, but rather a fitting denouement. He emerges, in the final analysis, as a casualty of deception doubly over, as his own subterfuge became fully intermingled with that of British and American officials in Latin America.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GN9BYFCD,2021-07-03,Jonathan N. Brown,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T14:39:58Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1826808,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3092073919,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 3618,The CIA on Latin America,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1826805,"A mythology has grown among scholars that during the early years of the Cold War the CIA was so preoccupied with a perceived Soviet threat that except for highly exceptional events such as the 1954 coup in Guatemala the agency largely ignored Latin America. In this narrative, it took the 1959 Cuban revolution to bring the region front and center in its imagination (but even then, still only as a pawn of the Soviet Union). A review of CIA documentation, however, indicates that from its beginnings the agency dedicated a significant amount of attention to the region. Not only does the material that the CIA’s case officers and their agents generated challenge our assumptions about the agency’s presumed priorities, it also highlights the value of a largely unexploited source to understand domestic developments in Latin America in the early post-World War Two period.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K4IGRYCH,2021-07-03,Marc Becker,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T14:39:36Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1826805,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3092620470,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3092620470,2024.0,2024.0,2020.0,,4.0 3619,Thatcher’s Spy: My Life as an MI5 Agent Inside Sinn Féin,Book,https://www.irishacademicpress.ie/product/thatchers-spy/,"March 1985, and as he climbed the six steps of Margaret Thatcher’s jet on the runway of RAF Aldergrove, little did Willie Carlin know the role played in saving his life by the ‘jewel in the crown’ of British military intelligence – Freddie Scappaticci, aka ‘Stakeknife’. So began the dramatic extraction of Margaret Thatcher’s key undercover agent in Sinn Féin – Willie Carlin. For 11 years the former British soldier worked alongside former IRA commander Martin McGuinness in the republican movement’s political wing in Derry. He was MI5’s man at McGuinness’ side and gave the British State unprecedented insight into the IRA leader’s strategic thinking. Carlin worked with McGuinness to develop Sinn Féin’s election strategy after the 1981 hunger strike, and the MI5 and later FRU agent’s reports on McGuinness, Adams and other republicans were read by the British Cabinet, including Thatcher herself. When Carlin’s cover was blown in 1985, thanks to one of his old MI5 handlers being jailed as a Soviet spy, it was another British ‘super spy’ inside the IRA’s secretive counter-intelligence, the ‘nuttin’ squad’, who saved Carlin’s life. In Thatcher’s Spy, the Cold War meets Northern Ireland’s Dirty War in the sensational memoir of a deep undercover British intelligence agent, a man now doomed forever to look over his shoulder. . .",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W2EIHX7J,2021-08-01,William Carlin,Irish Academic Press,,2024-02-06T14:32:44Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'V7KUA58M']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3620,Towards a robust β research design: on reasoning and different classes of unknowns,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1746144,"Science and intelligence analysis have a different methodological setting. In science a phenomenon is explained in a general sense, it is in the first place aimed at to explain and to contribute to theory. For that the value of the α is the most critical one: you want to keep the number of incorrect relationships as low as possible. Intelligence analysis is in the first place aimed at not to miss a possible threat. In that research, the value of the β is the most critical one: you want to keep the number of missed relationships as low as possible. Yet, many analytic techniques have been developed in science. These have not been calibrated in order not to miss a relationship. Also reasoning – logic – needs to be reformulated, and calibrated from an α to a β approach. Tooling is needed for a research design into the unknowns.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/94FJJF59,2021-01-02,"Giliam de Valk, Onno Goldbach",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T14:31:06Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1746144,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3094624146,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3094624146,2023.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2020.1746144?needAccess=true,3.0 3621,Sensemaking for 21st century intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1746143,"The key to effective 21st century intelligence is our sensemaking process. In this article, we present a case for why Cold War-era reductive intelligence models have become obsolete, and we show that sensemaking provides a better framework for the issues that intelligence agencies and their governments face in the 21st century. To illustrate our argument, we apply the sensemaking paradigm to an increasingly prominent challenge: grey zone conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DGBSQ3IU,2021-01-02,"David T. Moore, Elizabeth Moore, Seth Cantey, Robert R. Hoffman",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T14:30:00Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1746143,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3015330612,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3015330612,2022.0,2026.0,2020.0,,2.0 3622,My Life as a Spy: Investigations in a Secret Police File,Book,,"As Katherine Verdery observes, ""There's nothing like reading your secret police file to make you wonder who you really are."" In 1973 Verdery began her doctoral fieldwork in the Transylvanian region of Romania, ruled at the time by communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu. She returned several times over the next twenty-five years, during which time the secret police—the Securitate—compiled a massive surveillance file on her. Reading through its 2,781 pages, she learned that she was ""actually"" a spy, a CIA agent, a Hungarian agitator, and a friend of dissidents: in short, an enemy of Romania. In My Life as a Spy she analyzes her file alongside her original field notes and conversations with Securitate officers. Verdery also talks with some of the informers who were close friends, learning the complex circumstances that led them to report on her, and considers how fieldwork and spying can be easily confused. Part memoir, part detective story, part anthropological analysis, My Life as a Spy offers a personal account of how government surveillance worked during the Cold War and how Verdery experienced living under it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HRAS27S4,2018,Katherine Verdery,Duke University Press,,2024-02-06T14:26:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3623,A spectacular attempt to release Mandela from prison under the Apartheid regime1,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1774232,"During the period when the ANC operative Nelson Mandela was incarcerated, there were not only verbal calls from other countries for the release of the world’s best-known political prisoner; at the very latest since Mikhail Gorbatchev proposed an end to the Cold War in the Soviet Union, there was at least one definite and direct attempt to release him. One of the conceptionally most advanced plans was that of the East German lawyer Wolfgang Vogel. Having been appointed by the GDR’s head of state, Erich Honecker, as Personal Representative for Humanitarian Affairs, he had already arbitrated the exchange of roughly 150 captured spies from 23 countries on both sides of the Iron Curtain; he had also organised the release of tens of thousands of prisoners. The plan was to exchange Nelson Mandela for the Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov, or to include him in a large-scale international exchange of political prisoners and agents. It was for this reason that Wolfgang Vogel visited South Africa in March 1986, one of only a few GDR citizens to do so, to effect the release of Mandela – and failed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KL654LWH,2020-07-02,Prof. Dr. DR. Ulrich van der Heyden,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T14:23:57Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1774232,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3034505443,0.0,True,,,,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2020.1774232?needAccess=true, 3624,US internal security policy with a British accent: the influence of decolonisation on FBI activities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1774235,"The article dwells on the development of views of the Federal Bureau of Investigation on the process of decolonization. Certain cases and relations with other counterintelligence agencies are used to see the shaping by the American counterintelligence of their own unique approach to the decay of the colonial system. At the same time, work in the same areas and, often, against the same organizations, the FBI gradually borrowed in direct or indirect ways many of the methods of their British counterparties. The article makes a conclusion on the change of the FBI’s perspective on the problem of decolonization and gives a justified view of the COIN℡PRO program as the quintessence of borrowing of the British experience by the American federal agents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VEXIP4Q9,2020-07-02,Yaroslav Levin,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T14:23:38Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1774235,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3034065957,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3034065957,2021.0,2021.0,2020.0,,1.0 3625,"Barbara Tuchman’s The Zimmermann Telegram: secrecy, memory, and history",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1778325,"Barbara Tuchman’s The Zimmermann Telegram, published in 1958, was the first detailed study of a key episode in the story of America’s entry into World War I. Subsequent scholarship demonstrated Tuchman’s analysis was weakened by a veil of misdirection that the British had thrown over the way in which they obtained and decrypted the infamous German diplomatic message, a veil still sufficiently opaque forty years later that she could not peer through it fully. Yet two decades earlier, in the mid-1930 s, American cryptographers William Friedman and Charles Mendelsohn had succeeded in piecing together a more accurate account of one of history’s greatest codebreaking successes. This article examines the sources to which the two gained access, the importance of their unique technical expertise when analyzing them, how the Pentagon in the 1950 s blocked the surviving member of the pair – Friedman – from telling Tuchman what he knew, and how even when accurate information was released from government archives it could fail to shake the erroneous memories of participants and the established interpretations of prominent historians.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CATNJCV6,2020-07-02,David Sherman,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T14:22:54Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1778325,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3035456067,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 3626,Order and chaos: the CIA’s HYDRA database and the dawn of the information age,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1697539,"In the summer of 1967, with antiwar and civil rights protests dominating the news, U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson tasked law enforcement and intelligence agencies with investigating links between domestic civil unrest and foreign governments, particularly the Soviet Union. One of the outcomes was HYDRA, a CIA-led counter-intelligence database intended to leverage novel digital information technology to uncover previously unseen links to foreign threats. The paper argues that conceptualizing HYDRA as technological system which mobilized resources from across the federal government as well as from foreign partner agencies, allows us to raise larger questions about the impact of information technology on intelligence work: How did computer technology change everyday practices within intelligence and security services? Did public opposition to computerization efforts contribute to a critical discourse within Western societies associating security databases with attacks on freedom and democracy? Did the use of computers contribute to a new culture of security that shifted attention from great power rivalries to technological, networked or transnational threats which became characteristic of the Information Age?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WBYLTNF9,2020-01-02,Jens Wegener,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T14:18:16Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2019.1697539,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2995068891,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2995068891,2022.0,2024.0,2019.0,,3.0 3627,"Rethinking threat: intelligence analysis, intentions, capabilities, and the challenge of non-state actors.",Thesis,https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/70732,"Recommendations for critical examinations of existing analytical approaches have become a consistent feature of the intelligence literature. Many of these are based on the recognition of an increasingly complex security environment in which non-state actors threaten states’ citizens. The publication of previously classified information, particularly following successful mass-casualty attacks, provides an opportunity for critically reviewing approaches to intelligence analysis. Within this context, this thesis critiques a foundational approach to intelligence analysis, namely a conceptual model of threat based on the dual-parameters of intentions and capabilities. This conventional approach was publicly described by J. David Singer in his 1958 seminal paper Threat Perception and the Armament-Tension Dilemma. Singer describes government and intelligence agencies’ perceptions of threat as being based on the parameters of capability and intent, displaying the relationship as a quasi-mathematical model: Threat-Perception = Estimated Capability x Estimated Intent. This thesis demonstrates this approach has been consistently used by governments, intelligence agencies and within the broader intelligence literature over the past five decades, and was already well-established within intelligence agencies long before Singer described the approach. The study also shows that, despite significant changes in the nature and characteristics of threats, this conventional approach to assessing threat has undergone little modification and limited critique. The core argument of this thesis is that the conventional model used by intelligence agencies is too simplistic to capture the nature and complexity of non-state threats. By articulating an ontology, epistemology and methodology of threat and threat assessment, this thesis moves beyond an uncritical acceptance of the conventional model of threat. The study demonstrates how the model of threat, used and reinforced by intelligence agencies within a Cold War context to assess threats from clearly defined states, has become the primary approach to assessing threats from often ill-defined and amorphous non-state actors. The study specifically focuses on intelligence analysis within the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia which have all demonstrated an acceptance and use of the conventional model of threat against both state-based, and most recently, non-state threats. Each of these states suffered mass-casualty attacks against their citizens from non-state actors within a four year period (2001-2005): the September 2001 attacks in New York and Washington; October 2002 bombings in Bali, Indonesia; and the July 2005 attacks in London. In applying Singer’s model to these incidents, the thesis vivifies the analytical challenge of non-state threats in distinct and faceted ways and identifies limitations of the conventional approach when assessing mass-casualty threats from non-state actors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8WMYPIEV,2011,Charles Vandepeer,,,2024-02-06T14:16:22Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Adelaide,,,,,,,,, 3628,"Plateaus of freedom : nationality, culture and state security in Canada, 1927-1957",Thesis,https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/832/,"This thesis examines the relationship between national culture and state security in mid-twentieth century Canada. Using records opened through Access to Information it challenges received interpretations regarding the origins of official multiculturalism and federal cultural institutions. Drawing a distinction between nationalism and nationality, it argues that Canada's 'national culture' evolved continuously with the grid of national security states. The argument proceeds by way of micronarratives and close archival readings of textual and audio-visual sources. Part 1 asks how landscape was inhabited, culturally? Aboriginal artforms and European landscape art are juxtaposed with military reconaissance and 'remote sensing' to trace the formation of a 'citizen-observer' attuned to the nation's need for protective sentience. Painter A. Y. Jackson's 1927 Arctic Patrol marked a limit in that subjective construction; Grey Owl's residencies in National Parks gestured towards an alternative cultural inhabitation of landscape, questing beyond aboriginal or settler stereotypes for a hybrid mode of observation. Part 2 argues that multicultural states are, of necessity, security states. Political theory grounds special rights in cultural specificity but it disavows concomitant security measures directed towards ethnocultural minorities. Liberal and poststructuralist theories are counterposed to inquire why there was no right not to be a citizen. Culture and security formed a conceptual device, sensing and regulating 'alien' phenomena, but also producing a 'state' of anxiety marked by official secrecy and compromised civil liberties. Canadian Multiculturalism derives from wartime security concerns. Idiosyncratic British Intelligence veteran Tracy Philipps embarrasses nationalist historiography by connecting Canada's early multiculturalism policies to an anglomorphic censorship-propaganda-intelligence complex. During the National Film Board's 'red scare' (1948-53), the RCMP misrecognized the NFB's security dimension even as Norman McLaren's 1952 Oscar-winning Neighbours obliquely pointed it out. Whenever culture and security intersect, citizens 'remember-to-forget'. In Part 3, counterintelligence expert Peter Dwyer's amateur play delineates two forms of secrecy and solves a riddle concerning suspected spy Harry Dexter White. Dwyer drafted legislation to found the Canada Council even as he shaped the emerging security state. His role in the 1945-46 Gouzenko Affair suggests that, contrary to prevailing accounts, the defection was a propaganda coup inspired by British Intelligence. Despite catastrophic consequences of Cold War for 'progressivism', the Canadian activities of performer/activist Paul Robeson opened a ""third space"" between nationality and nationalism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W32VYEVV,1999,Mark Kristmanson,,,2024-02-06T12:55:55Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,PhD Thesis,Concordia University,,,,,,,,, 3629,Political Misuse of Domestic Intelligence: A Case Study on the FBI,Thesis,https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3223/,"Domestic intelligence is very important in preventing disorder while ensuring unity and security during a time of national crisis. However, if uncontrolled, domestic intelligence can be subject to political misuse, which causes serious damage both to individuals and to democratic institutions. There are various theoretical explanations for political misuse of domestic intelligence. The political use of domestic intelligence is best explained by the sociological theory of unfulfilled needs. On the other hand, political counterintelligence can be best explained by Threat Theory. In order for a domestic intelligence organization to be effective, its organizational discretion must be limited by establishing clear legislation that is not secret, on the focus, limits, and techniques of domestic intelligence. This system must be supported by a multi-level control mechanism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6W9MSAIY,2002-08-01,Mehme Pacci,,,2024-02-06T12:54:21Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Master's Thesis,University of North Texas,,,,,,,,, 3630,An analysis of parliamentary intelligence oversight in South Africa with speciric reference to the Joint Standing Committee on intelligence,Thesis,https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/27212,"This study analyses parliamentary intelligence oversight in South Africa by assessing the understanding of members of the JSCI of its core business, its mission and vision and powers and functions as are stipulated by law. The study locates the JSCI within an international intelligence oversight milieu through a review and evaluation of selected countries’ intelligence oversight mechanisms. Furthermore, international best practice is sought and applicable lessons are drawn for South Africa. The study is bases on a literature review and interviews with members of the JSCI to gather information and draw insights to evaluate and test the propositions in the context of international and national best practice. The propositions, which are supported by the research, are that: · Intelligence oversight in South Africa under the JSCI has hitherto been relatively effective although there is room for improvement. · The JSCI has good relations with the other arms of the state that are responsible for the oversight of Intelligence in South Africa – making parliamentary intelligence oversight, overall, quite effective. · Despite this effectiveness there are legislative gaps and problems pertaining to the modus operandi of the JSCI that need the attention of both the Executive and Legislature and which could be part of a package of legislative reform. The research supported these propositions whilst pointing out that new initiatives need attention if the culture of oversight is to find root. These are the need to widen the scope of accountability to build a culture of accountability among middle and senior management members of the Intelligence structures and secondly the way Parliament resources the JSCI.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XZVRNFR2,2006-02-08,Dennis Thokozani Dlomo,,,2024-02-06T12:00:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Master's Thesis,University of Pretoria,,,,,,,,, 3631,"Surveillance of Canadian communists: a case study of Toronto RCMP intelligence networks, 1920-1939",Thesis,https://research.library.mun.ca/10246/,"The following study examines Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) interwar surveillance, harassment and repression of the Communist Party of Canada (CPC), primarily in Toronto from RCMP ""O"" Division, but also extends the discussion to include features of counter-subversion operations elsewhere, particularly in southwestern Ontario. These counter-subversion operations traversed three periods of activity: the early years 1920-28: an interlude/ intelligence crisis which led to a debacle in 1931; and a period of reestablishing the intelligence network and an intensification of its countersubversion work from 1932 -1939. Each period in question was characterized by specific types of intelligence network 'organization' and 'operation'. -- My study of the rise, fall, and recovery of ""'O"" Division's core inter-war Toronto CPC intelligence network, examines the context in which the transformation took place linking it to the region's industrial and political order. I explain why intelligence networks, like the organizations they seek to infiltrate and the individuals whose activities they try to monitor, are anything but static and instead function as a part of the communities in which they live and face similar constraints. Intelligence networks expand and contract and shift both their investigative and operational focus. Their field investigations are malleable; their size, scope, and activities change for economic reasons and to meet both 'real' and 'perceived' threats. As local constructs intelligence networks are often best studied as a series of interactions established at the Divisional level. -- The expansion, contraction, and transformation of ""O"" Division's key Toronto intelligence network influenced the types and quality of the information they secured. How intelligence networks functioned and how effective they were reflected the extent to which intelligence personnel adapted. Through much of the inter-war period ""O'' Division relied heavily upon the work of secret/ special agents. Sometimes, however, less obtrusive and more distant forms of surveillance activity best suited the needs of intelligence personnel. A great deal depended upon their abilities. Success was also dictated by many other factors such as the abilities of CPC stalwarts and their subsidiary organizations. Only by paying close attention to these issues can we gain a more complete and accurate historical record of Canada’s intelligence past.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G7RAAD5Z,2003,Michael Butt,,,2024-02-06T11:56:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,PhD Thesis,Memorial University of Newfoundland,,,,,,,,, 3632,Intelligence Outcomes: Assessing the 1975-1976 Intelligence Oversight Reforms,Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73496,"Legislative oversight of the executive branch is a significant feature of the separation of powers, and takes on greater importance in a persistent era of divided political control in the United States federal government. Agency theory and oversight theory have served as principal lenses for the design and evaluation of congressional oversight functions. For the purpose of this study, oversight is politically-guided and technically-supported systematic foresight and review by First Branch members over Second Branch members and their activities in furtherance of public value and the protection of private liberties. The 1975-76 reformulation of the congressional oversight of federal intelligence activities offers a research opportunity to contrast the intelligence outcomes of a laissez-faire period of oversight (1947-1975) with a second period of active oversight (1976-2004). It also allows for the determination of whether more oversight (Johnson 1980; Zegart 2011) led to improved intelligence outcomes, and could serve as a case study in the more versus less foreign policy oversight scholarship debate (Olson 1989; Hinkley 1994; Scigliano 1994). The research is multi-faceted and employs mixed methods, primarily content analysis, comparisons of descriptive statistics, and Poisson regressions with time series autocorrelation corrections. The research contributes to our understanding of agency theory by attempting to evaluate several outcomes of an oversight design intervention: the Congress's transition from overseeing US intelligence activities via a few individuals in defense subcommittees to creating permanent standing select committees (with professional staff) in each chamber. The research provides public administration with new datasets focused on intelligence leaks and intelligence outcomes, specifically a record of intelligence failures and unavoided, uninitiated military conflicts involving the United States. It also provides a series of implications and recommendations for theory and praxis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X6E3EHUJ,2015-06-01,John Brennan,,,2024-02-06T11:55:20Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,PhD Thesis,Virginia Tech,,,,,,,,, 3633,Enabling Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) in private social networks,Thesis,https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/26536,"Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) has been widely acknowledged as a critical source of valuable and cost efficient intelligence that is derived from publicly available sources. With the rise of prominent social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter that record and expose a multitude of different datasets, investigators are beginning to look at what social media has to offer the Intelligence Community (IC). Some major obstacles that OSINT analysts often face are privacy and platform restrictions that serve both to protect the privacy of individuals and to protect the economic livelihood of the social media platform. In this work we review existing social networking research to examine how it can be applied to OSINT. As our contribution, we propose a greedy search algorithm for enabling efficient discovery of private friends on social networking sites and evaluate its performance on multiple randomly generated graphs as well as a real-world social network collected by other researchers. In its breadth, this work aims to provide the reader with a broader understanding of OSINT and key concepts in social network analysis.
",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E5Z275U8,2012-01-01,Benjamin Holland,,,2024-02-06T11:53:18Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Master's Thesis,Iowa State University,,,,,,,,, 3634,"Propaganda intelligence and covert action: the Regional Information Office and British intelligence in South-East Asia, 1949-1961",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1659579,"This article explores the intersections between propaganda, intelligence and covert action through the experience of Britain’s Regional Information Office (RIO) in Singapore. RIO defined its functions as ‘propaganda intelligence’: the generation of intelligence to guide propaganda output and analysis of enemy propaganda to feed into the broader intelligence picture of communist intentions. This highlights the interdependency of intelligence and propaganda. RIO worked closely with MI5 and MI6 in developing intelligence on communist China and North Vietnam. Evaluating the position of RIO within Britain’s regional intelligence network also reveals some of the complexities of the late-imperial intelligence system. It illuminates the changing status of different intelligence activities and the growth of a particular intelligence culture, providing insight into how Britain engaged with the clandestine Cold War in South-East Asia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TKRE73XF,2020-01-02,Alexander Nicholas Shaw,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T09:27:57Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2019.1659579,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2971724182,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2971724182,2021.0,2024.0,2019.0,,2.0 3635,US announces new restrictions to curb global spyware industry,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/feb/05/us-biden-administration-global-spyware-restrictions,State department policy will allow US to impose visa restrictions on individuals involved in misuse of spyware,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8QJF2HBP,2024-02-05T19:02:28.000Z,Stephanie Kirchgaessner,,The Guardian,2024-02-06T09:13:13Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3636,Alastair Denniston: Code-breaking From Room 40 to Berkeley Street and the Birth of GCHQ,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Alastair-Denniston-Paperback/p/22060,"Some of the individuals who played key roles in the success of Bletchley Park in reading the secret communications of Britain’s enemies during the Second World War have become well-known figures. However, the man who created and led the organisation based there, from its inception in 1919 until 1942, has, surprisingly, been overlooked – until now. In 1914 Alastair Denniston, who had been teaching French and German at Osborne Royal Navy College, was one of the first recruits into the Admiralty’s fledgling codebreaking section which became known as Room 40. There a team drawn from a wide range of professions successfully decrypted intercepted German communications throughout the First World War. After the Armistice, Room 40 was merged with the British Army’s equivalent section – MI.1 – to form the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS). Initially based in London, from August 1939 GC&CS was largely located at Bletchley Park, with Alastair Denniston as its Operational Director. Denniston was moved in 1942 from military to civilian intelligence at Berkeley Street, London. Small at first, as Enigma traffic diminished towards the end of the Second World War, diplomatic and commercial codebreaking became of increasing importance and a vital part of Britain’s signal intelligence effort. GC&CS was renamed the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) in June 1946, and moved to the outskirts of Cheltenham. It continues to be the UK’s signal intelligence gathering organisation. With the support and assistance of the both the Denniston family and GCHQ, Joel Greenberg, author of Gordon Welchman, Bletchley Park’s Architect of Ultra Intelligence, has produced this absorbing story of Commander Alexander ‘Alastair’ Guthrie Denniston OBE, CBE, CMG, RNVR, a man whose death in 1961 was ignored by major newspapers and the very British intelligence organisation that was his legacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2C8RY9G6,2022-10-07,Joel Greenberg,Pen and Sword,,2024-02-06T08:54:06Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3637,"Lydia Stahl: a secret life, 1885-?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2018.1537037,"Lydia Stahl was a spy for the Soviet Union’s military intelligence service known as the GRU. A polyglot who spoke at least five languages, Stahl was active in Helsinki, New York, and Paris from the early l920s until December 1933. At this time, French security agents of the legendary Deuxieme Bureau arrested her in Paris as part of a large spy network that included a married American couple. Despite her denials the French Court of Corrections sentenced Stahl to five years in prison, subsequently reduced to four on appeal, and then, after serving her sentence she disappeared from the historical record. On the eve of World War II her disappearance coincided with Stalin’s wholesale purge of Soviet institutions and organizations, including officers of the Red Army and its GRU. This article reconstructs Stahl’s life mainly based on extensive files of the FBI that reveal details of her espionage activities in New York and Paris. Additionally, the article corrects many errors and myths that unfortunately have been taken at face value and perpetuated in espionage literature.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CV3WFD3Z,2019-01-02,William T. Murphy,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T08:43:24Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/16161262.2018.1537037,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2898777214,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2898777214,2020.0,2020.0,2018.0,,2.0 3638,Operation TIGRESS: deception for counterintelligence and Britain's 1952 atomic test,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16161262.2014.943996,"Britain tested its first atomic weapon on the Montebello islands, off Western Australia, in October 1952. This test, known as HURRICANE, was supported by an elaborate deception operation, one designed to deceive the Soviets about the date and the true nature of the test. This article examines...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CIBHCKVP,2015,Huw Dylan,Routledge,Journal of Intelligence History,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/16161262.2014.943996,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2153192574,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2153192574,2015.0,2019.0,2014.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/bbb6a463-603f-48ec-b418-171e37de17cc,1.0 3639,"Espionage in the eternal city: the CIA, Ukrainian émigrés, and the 1960 Rome Olympic Games",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1592959,"This article examines Central Intelligence Agency activities at international sporting events through a case study on a CIA mission at the 1960 Rome Olympics aimed at Soviet-Ukrainian athletes and tourists. Recently, declassified CIA files provide vivid details regarding the planning and execution of the operation. The CIA sent a group of Ukrainian émigrés, under the leadership of a suspected war criminal named Mykola Lebed, to distribute propaganda and contact Soviet-Ukrainians at the Olympic Games. This thus seeks to build upon previous scholarship on sport and international politics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VPU6SECE,"July 3, 2019","Austin Duckworth, Thomas M. Hunt",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:54:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2019.1592959,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2927116181,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2927116181,2021.0,2021.0,2019.0,,2.0 3640,"British intelligence in Russia, January–March 1919",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2018.1484026,"This article assesses the effect of intelligence on the British government’s policy towards Russia from January to March 1919. The intelligence picture created primarily by agent reports will be traced in order to see their effect, if any, upon the key policy decision made in March 1919. The intelligence reports available at the National Archives within the Foreign Office and War Office files are examined in the raw form they were presented to decision makers, while Cabinet minutes and memoranda will highlight the general mindset of the British government. The article concludes intelligence reports from Russia were used selectively by the British government and usually when they conformed to the decision makers’ pre-existing perceptions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DCZZB7KS,"January 2, 2019",Daniel Carthy,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:55:20Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/16161262.2018.1484026,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2809095861,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2809095861,2021.0,2021.0,2018.0,,3.0 3641,"Paranoid visions: Spies, conspiracies and the secret state in British television drama",Book,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781784994150,"Paranoid visions explores the history of the spy and conspiracy genres on British television, from 1960s Cold War series through 1980s conspiracy dramas to contemporary 'war on terror' thrillers. It analyses classic dramas including Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, Edge of Darkness, A Very British Coup and Spooks. This book will be an invaluable resource for television scholars interested in a new perspective on the history of television drama and intelligence scholars seeking an analysis of the popular representation of espionage with a strong political focus, as well as fans of cult British television and general readers interested in British cultural history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NDWBXBJH,2017-06-01,Joseph Oldham,Manchester University Press,,2024-02-06T08:36:36Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', '9YH9YSYQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3642,Undercover: The True Story of Britain’s Secret Police by Paul Lewis and Rob Evans,Book,https://www.faber.co.uk/product/9781783350346-undercover/,"Undercover: The True Story of Britain’s Secret Police, by Paul Lewis and Rob Evans, is the breathtaking exposé of a top-secret campaign of surveillance against British citizens, now fully updated for paperback.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FUHPAM4Q,2014-03-06,Rob Evans,Faber and Faber,,2024-02-06T08:35:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3643,From Tasman to Cook: the proto-intelligence phase of New Zealand’s colonisation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1592960,"This article deals with the treatment by imperial European powers and private publishers of cartographic and cultural intelligence about New Zealand from Abel Tasman’s discovery of the country in 1642 to James Cook’s arrival there in 1769. It introduces the notion of a proto-intelligence stage in imperial intelligence-gathering as a precursor to Christopher Bayly’s construct of an ‘information order’. This proto-intelligence phase is marked by an emphasis on physical, scientific data rather than cultural details about newly encountered territories; the consequent tendency to European agency and indigenous passivity in intelligence-gathering; and a lack of systematic or state-governed control of the flow of intelligence between imperial nations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XHU28VX5,2019-07-03,Paul Moon,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T08:30:16Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/16161262.2019.1592960,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2922701215,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2922701215,2023.0,2023.0,2019.0,,4.0 3644,A visual examination of the battle of Prokhorovka,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1606545,"The battle of Prokhorovka was steeped in Soviet legend (and myth) for many decades. This remained the case until post-Soviet era research revealed the reality of a Soviet armoured disaster. Building on this knowledge this article explores Luftwaffe reconnaissance photographs taken in the days and weeks immediately following the battle of Prokhorovka. The photographs provide visual confirmation across the battlefield of the demise of the 5th Guards Tank Army’s 18th and 29th Tank Corps’. The battle’s most famous locations are visualized (many for the first time) in wartime photographs; these include the notorious anti-tank ditch, Hill 252.2, Oktiabrskiy state farm, Storozhevoye Woods and the site of Tiger tank duels on and close to Hill 241.6.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LKGKL3N8,2019-07-03,Ben Wheatley,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-06T08:26:46Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2019.1606545,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2945189553,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2945189553,2024.0,2025.0,2019.0,,5.0 3645,"Terrorism, Extremism, Disinformation and Artificial Intelligence: A Primer for Policy Practitioners",Report,https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/terrorism-extremism-disinformation-and-artificial-intelligence-a-primer-for-policy-practitioners/,"Focussing on current and emerging issues, this policy briefing paper surveys the ways in which technologies under the umbrella of artificial intelligence (AI) may interact with democracy and— specifically— extremism, mis- and disinformation, and illegal and ‘legal but harmful’ content online. The paper considers examples of how AI technologies can be used to mislead and harm citizens and how AI technologies can be used to detect and counter the same or associated harms, exploring risks to democracy and human rights emerging across the spectrum. It begins by providing a brief primer on AI and outlining general concerns relating to accountability — the “cornerstone” of AI governance — data collection and quality, and the opacity of AI models. Special consideration is given to generative AI systems, such as chat bots powered by large language models (LLMs), due to their recent popularisation and wide-ranging capabilities. It then provides an overview of different types of AI systems, including those that generate content, disseminate and target content, select and amplify content within online information environments, assist in the mitigation of online harms, or present a risk to public safety. It also examines potential mitigations to the identified risks, focusing on ethical principles, public policy and emerging AI regulation. Given the immense scope and potential impacts of AI on different facets of democracy and human rights, this briefing does not consider every relevant or potential AI use case, nor the long-term horizon. It is intended to empower policymakers, especially those working on mis- and disinformation, hate, extremism and terrorism specifically, as well as security, democracy and human rights more broadly.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AN8VJYIW,2024-01-22,Milan Gandhi,,,2024-02-06T07:15:53Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3646,Back Door Diplomats: CIA Chiefs on Secret Missions,Blog post,https://www.spytalk.co/p/back-door-diplomats-cia-chiefs-on,William Burns is just the latest spy agency boss to be entrusted with sensitive talks,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UR85C2F6,2024-02-04,Jonathan Broder,,,2024-02-06T07:14:28Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3647,Intelligence Theory and Democratic Governance: An Epistemological Approach from Political Science,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2299016,"The contemporary concept of national and state security is currently undergoing a significant change with regard to its scope and structure. In the light of the risks that threaten present-day societies and their democratic political systems, the viability of the old paradigm of intelligence is being called into question. The increase in the Intelligence Community calls on a plurality of actors from different epistemological fields inside social sciences to contribute to the strengthening of a new paradigm of intelligence suitable to promote and strengthen peacebuilding and democratic governance capabilities. Exploring the changes that underlie proposals for a new approach to intelligence, this article formulates a proactive and preventive approach from the conceptual, methodological, professional, and academic perspective of political science.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PCHV35FD,2024-02-01,"Bernabé Aldeguer Cerdá, Joan Antón-Mellón",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-02-06T07:12:28Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2299016,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391426551,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391426551,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,,1.0 3648,An Ethical Framework for Economic Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2299015,"It can be argued that intelligence activity has ethical value through its important role in detecting, preventing, and countering threats that would cause harm to the political community and its members. What has been relatively overlooked, however, is the potentially (un)ethical role of intelligence in the economic sphere—that is, whether secret intelligence acts of economic espionage and economic covert action can be used against another (potentially aggressive) state’s economy or economic actors as a means of protecting one’s own economic, social, and military security. Economic intelligence works to create a competitive economic or political advantage, but this can cause harm that is more likely to be disproportionate and inflicted on those who have done nothing to warrant it. The harms caused by economic intelligence can be widely spread across society and against those who are unjustified targets. To account for this, additional care needs to be given to questions of proportionality and discrimination.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZIRL5M7N,2024-02-01,Ross W. Bellaby,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-02-06T07:12:03Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2299015,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391425497,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391425497,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2299015?needAccess=true,0.0 3649,Current Intelligence and Assessments: Information Flows and the Tension between Quality and Speed,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2296886,"This article takes a particular interest in the dynamics between information flows, continuous ongoing assessments, intelligence dissemination, and forward-looking operational advice. The point of departure is the tension between balancing quality (in the sense of in-depth processing of large amounts of information) and speed (meeting requirements of timeliness) in current intelligence assessments. The article takes an explorative approach to practices in current intelligence, utilizing qualitative interview data combined with open source material.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U8JVU3S5,2024-02-01,"Mikael Weissmann, Niklas Nilsson",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-02-06T07:11:41Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2296886,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391425313,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391425313,2025.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2296886?download=true,1.0 3650,The invasion of Ukraine created a rare opportunity for the CIA to recruit Russian spies,Podcast,https://www.npr.org/2024/02/04/1228905661/the-invasion-of-ukraine-created-a-rare-opportunity-for-the-cia-to-recruit-russia,The CIA says the war in Ukraine has created a once-in-a-generation opportunity to recruit spies in Russia. NPR's Elissa Nadworny talks to former CIA officer Douglas London about recruitment.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DITB5P2G,2024-02-04,Douglas London,,,2024-02-06T07:10:19Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3651,The Islamic Republic of Iran’s Use of Diplomats in Its Intelligence and Terrorist Operations against Dissidents: The Case of Assadollah Assadi,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2295205,"The Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) has two main intelligence organizations: the Ministry of Intelligence (MOI) and the Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The two organizations are highly active on foreign soil with malign activities like assassinations. In 2018, the third secretary of the IRI embassy in Austria, Assadollah Assadi, was arrested and later convicted of involvement in terrorism. With the help of three of his assets, they had planned to bomb a gathering in Paris arranged by the Iranian opposition to the IRI. Assadi would later be identified as the principal intelligence officer of the MOI on the European continent. Analyzing the case of Assadi shows that the IRI has the will and resources to conduct significant terrorist operations and that the regime has a vast network of assets throughout Europe. Most significant in the failed Paris plot was that evidently the IRI Intelligence Community is likely compromised and that the regime has considerable problems in trusting its own intelligence officers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRU8A2QV,2024-02-01,"Ardavan M. Khoshnood, Arvin Khoshnood",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-02-06T07:06:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2295205,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391426152,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391426152,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,,1.0 3652,CIA director pushes big hostage deal in secret meeting with Mossad chief,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/11/28/cia-william-burns-israel-hamas-hostages/,CIA Director William Burns has taken on a central role navigating the Israel-Hamas hostage crisis for President Biden.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UCJ7P5NB,2023-11-28,John Hudson,,Washington Post,2024-02-06T07:04:36Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3653,Silver: The Spy Who Fooled the Nazis - The Most Remarkable Spy of The Second World War,Book,https://www.fonthill.media/products/silver,"This is the first biography of Silver, the war’s only quintuple spy Based on extensive research into previously classified British, German, Italian, Japanese and Russian documentation The author interviewed Silver and many of his associates The book also reveals Nazi intrigues to enlist Muslim tribal leaders in the Nor",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7D89JVW8,2016-12-15,Mihir Bose,Fonthill Media,,2024-02-05T16:12:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3654,"‘An act of insanity and national humiliation’: the Ford Administration, Congressional inquiries and the ban on assassination",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2018.1430431,"The US government’s increasing reliance on targeted killings has revived debates on the role of assassination in US foreign policy. The scholarship tends to ignore the significance of the role of the Ford Administration’s ban on assassination in setting the stage for future debates. Based largely on archival material and elite interviews, this article provides the first in-depth account of the Ford Administration’s approach to assassination and the decision-making processes that led to the inclusion of a ban on assassination in Executive Order 11905. The article argues that discussions within the Ford Administration, the language adopted in presenting the Order, and the ban itself actually did not close assassination off completely as an option but left it in a status of ‘strategic ambiguity’ that could be exploited by future presidents. The article will also challenge two resilient myths: first, the apparently ‘imperilled’ nature of the Ford Presidency and second CIA Director William Colby’s alleged supine cooperation with Congress. The article shows that, from the start, the administration and the CIA made a concerted and successful effort to obstruct intelligence inquiries, to restore the powers and reputation of the CIA, and to fend off Congressional assaults on the presidency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JUGXLZ65,2018-07-03,Luca Trenta,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T16:06:47Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/16161262.2018.1430431,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2791513809,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2791513809,2020.0,2024.0,2018.0,,2.0 3655,Pardon me? An assessment of Jonathan Pollard’s quest for presidential clemency,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2018.1425032,"On 4 March 1987, Jonathan Pollard was sentenced to life in prison for spying for Israel. Five U.S. presidents have considered pardoning Pollard. This study examines the factors affecting presidential decision-making toward pardoning Jonathan Pollard. The paper argues that Pollard endured thirty years of a life sentence because the American defense and intelligence community viewed him as a spy from a belligerent nation despite spying for an ally. Furthermore, I find evidence that Pollard was used by the United States as a bargaining chip to enhance its position vis-à-vis Israel during the Oslo Accords and in the approval process of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q5YQV2US,2018-07-03,Lee Lukoff,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T16:05:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2018.1425032,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2782682201,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2782682201,2021.0,2021.0,2018.0,,3.0 3656,The Konnov/Mikhailov/Bakourskii espionage crises of July–August 1947 and the Vyshinskii note on Raoul Wallenberg,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1397291,"This article addresses the causes and motives behind the Soviet decision to hand over the Vyshinskii note to the Swedish government in August 1947. In this note, signed by Deputy Foreign Minister Andrei Ia. Vyshinskii, it was falsely claimed that the whereabouts of the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who had been arrested by the Soviet military counterespionage death to the spies (Smersh) on 17 January 1945, were unknown to the Soviet government. Wallenberg had presumably, the note laid down, died during the battle of Budapest in January 1945. On the basis of Soviet and Swedish documents, including recently declassified Soviet encrypted cables, this article examines the chain of events that preceded the decision to hand over the note. New findings among the Soviet encrypted cables suggest that the note may have had no link whatsoever to Wallenberg’s purported death on 17 July 1947. Instead a series of incidents, in particular a crisis in the relations between Sweden and the USSR following the disclosure in late July and early August 1947 of two cases of suspected Soviet military espionage in Sweden, may have been of critical importance for the decision to hand over the note.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z9ZSYVE2,2018-01-02,Johan Matz,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:59:28Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1397291,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2766156874,0.0,True,,,,2017.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2017.1397291?needAccess=true, 3657,British military intelligence in aid of the civil power in England and Wales,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1385196,"This paper examines the use of military intelligence in aid of the civil power in England and Wales. The use of military intelligence domestically in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is a significant part of British intelligence history, although it has not received the attention that British military intelligence abroad in defence of the Empire or in conventional wars has. An examination of the domestic role of military intelligence also highlights the extent to which commanders were developing some of the principles of military intelligence before any formal doctrine was devised.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GDTT83CM,2018-01-02,Jon Moran,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:57:30Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/16161262.2017.1385196,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2762479145,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 3658,‘Keine Neue Gestapo’: Das Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz und die NS-Vergangenheit [‘No New Gestapo’: the federal agency for the protection of the constitution and the NS-past],Book,https://www.rowohlt.de/buch/constantin-goschler-michael-wala-keine-neue-gestapo-9783644041813,"Als 1950 das Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz gegründet wurde, erwarteten sowohl die Alliierten als auch die Öffentlichkeit vor allem eines von der neuen Behörde:",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EEUU37R9,2015,"Constantin Goschler, Michael Wala",Rowohlt,,2024-02-05T15:54:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3659,"Company Confessions: Secrets, Memoirs, and the CIA",Book,https://www.bitebackpublishing.com/books/company-confessions,"For fans of Argo and Fair Game, a lively, absorbing investigation. --Library JournalSpies are supposed to keep quiet, never betraying their agents or discussing their operations. Somehow, this doesn't apply to the CIA, whose former officers have written memoirs commanding huge advances and attracting enormous publicity. As an intelligence service dependent on its ability to protect sensitive information, however, it's no surprise that the CIA has fought back. In Company Confessions, award-winning author Christopher Moran digs deep into this tumultuous relationship between the CIA and former agents who try to go public about their careers. He delves into the motivations of spies like CIA officer Valerie Plame, whose identity was leaked by the Bush White House and who reportedly received $2.5 million for her book Fair Game, and exposes the politics and practices of the CIA and its Publications Review Board, including breaking into publishing houses and secretly authorizing pro-agency ""memoirs."" Drawing on interviews; the private correspondence of such legendary spies as Allen Dulles, William Colby, and Richard Helms; and declassified CIA files, Company Confessions examines why America's spies are so willing to share their stories, the damage inflicted when they leak the nation's secrets, and the fine line between censorship on the grounds of security and censorship for the sake of reputation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WJ5SJDYS,2016-08-23,"Christopher Moran, Tony Mendez",Thomas Dunne Books,,2024-01-31T22:58:10Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3660,Umbrella or pen? The murder of Georgi Markov. New facts and old questions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2016.1258248,"The deadly assault on the Bulgarian writer and playwright Georgi Markov on the 7 September 1978 in London was without a doubt one of the saddest climaxes of secret intelligence operations during the Cold War. The ‘Bulgarian umbrella’ turned into a synonym for cold-blooded, well-organized, and deadly operations, particularly those associated with socialist state security services. However, even more than 30 years after Markov was killed, questions about the operation itself remain unanswered. In addition to the specific questions about this particular operation, our general understanding of the Bulgarian secret service and its significance are still blurred. This study sets out to present all of the facts available today on the Markov murder, to analyze the sources and to evaluate whether the ‘Bulgarian umbrella’ operation could be considered as ‘success’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DHQFLAHQ,2017-01-02,Christopher Nehring,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:50:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2016.1258248,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2555174210,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2555174210,2019.0,2026.0,2016.0,,3.0 3661,"Undercover operators: fakery, passing and the special operations executive",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2016.1258247,"This article examines the phenomenon of fakery and the rise of impostors claiming to have been former secret agents of the special operations executive (SOE). Since the early 1950s, a growing interest in tales of SOE’s exploits, combined with an inconsistent Whitehall position regarding disclosure about the organisation’s activities, has enabled hoaxers to establish their bogus stories and inadvertently bolster popular romantic notions about SOE’s work. Just as genuine agents had to learn to pass as civilians in Nazi-occupied countries, fake agents have produced convincing and often sophisticated narratives that have fooled the public, infiltrating books, television and more recently social media. Several cases of imposture are highlighted, along with examples of memoirs and testimonies of verifiable SOE agents whose accounts nevertheless raise questions about their accuracy and the blurred lines between truth and fabrication. Despite the publication of SOE official histories and the release of thousands of SOE’s files to the National Archives, fakers continue to flourish. This article calls for a greater recognition both of fakery and of the SOE agents and staff whose bona fide careers continue to remain overshadowed by their counterfeit counterparts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MQHWXTBP,2017-01-02,Nigel Perrin,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:50:30Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2016.1258247,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2549246033,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2549246033,2019.0,2019.0,2016.0,,3.0 3662,"Faith, Unity, Discipline : The ISI of Pakistan",Book,https://harpercollins.co.in/product/faith-unity-discipline/,"Established in the wake of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947-48 by British officer Major General Robert Cawthorne, the then deputy chief of staff in the Pakistan Army, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) for years remained an under-developed and obscure agency. In 1979, the organization’s growing importance was felt during the Soviet war in Afghanistan, as it worked hand in glove with the CIA to support the mujahideen resistance, but its activities received little coverage in the media. Offering fresh insights into the ISI based on intimate knowledge of its inner workings and key individuals, this startlingly original and provocative book uncovers the hitherto shady world of Pakistan’s secret service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZV9NSUV6,2016,Hein Kiessling,Harper Collins Publishers,,2024-02-05T15:46:34Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3663,Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Pakistans-Inter-Services-Intelligence-Directorate-Covert-Action-and-Internal/Sirrs/p/book/9781138495258,"This book is the first comprehensive study of Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI). The rise of Pakistan-backed religious extremist groups in Afghanistan, India, and Central Asia has focused international attention on Pakistan’s premier intelligence organization and covert action advocate, the Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate or ISI. While ISI is regarded as one of the most powerful government agencies in Pakistan today, surprisingly little has been written about",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5HNFIWW,2017,Owen L. Sirrs,Routledge,,2024-02-05T15:43:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3664,The end of intelligence: espionage and state power in the information age,Book,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=23751,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6B6G7Z4C,2014,David Tucker,Stanford University Press,,2024-02-05T15:37:47Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3665,"The Protest Years: The Official History of ASIO, 1963-1975",Book,https://atlantic-books.co.uk/book/the-protest-years/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X3NV53K4,2016-09-01,John Blaxland,Atlantic Books,,2024-02-05T15:24:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3666,"Military governments, the ISI and political hybridity in contemporary Pakistan: from independence to Musharraf",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1309172,"While most analysts have tended to view Pakistan’s domestic politics and political system as authoritarian and label it as a military dictatorship, this article highlights the concept of political ‘hybridity’. Emphasising the potential for more democratic elements from within Pakistani society in relation to politics, the article traces interactions that have taken place in the interface between democratic forces and authoritarian/military elements. Using the concept of political hybridity and ‘hybrid government’ brings to light the inherent complexities and potential contradictions of interactions between democratic forces and authoritarian elements in Pakistan, from the Ayub era soon after independence to the more recent times of Musharraf.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6ZN86TBT,2017-07-03,Kunal Mukherjee,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:23:12Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1309172,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2604607435,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2604607435,2020.0,2022.0,2017.0,https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/85636/2/ISI.pdf,3.0 3667,A lesson lived is a lesson learned: a critical re-examination of the origins of preventative counter-espionage in Britain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1309171,"With the prevalence of official and authorised histories, official secrets and selective releases into Britain’s national archives, Intelligence History is in danger of moving from the ‘missing dimension’ to the ‘curated dimension’. This article seeks to show that it is necessary, and possible, to provide critical reinterpretations of important chapters within the historiography of British Intelligence History. In this article, I attempt to weave the founding of MI5’s preventative branch into the wider history of pre-war British politics and the creation of a permanent counter-espionage bureaucracy. It will assess the role of the Second Anglo-Boer War as an incubator for some of the principal, but illiberal, concepts, legislations and practices that were later woven into the fabric of the Secret Service Bureau in peace- and wartime. In addition, the Edwardian Spy-Fever phenomenon – which provided fertile soil to greatly expand Britain’s counter-espionage apparatus by inciting anti-German sentiment – will also be considered. Last, I will explore the roles of key individuals – such as James Edmonds, William Le Queux and Vernon Kell – in identifying, promoting and then offering solutions to Britain’s counter-espionage vulnerabilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZYMK56IP,2017-07-03,Jules J. S. Gaspard,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:22:06Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/16161262.2017.1309171,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2607376568,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2607376568,2023.0,2023.0,2017.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_lesson_lived_is_a_lesson_learned_a_critical_re-examination_of_the_origins_of_preventative_counter-espionage_in_Britain/25194392,6.0 3668,"Revisited, The Security Services Investigation of British Abwehr/SD Agent Ronald Sydney Seth",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1309173,"In this extended article the author recounts, in full, the security services investigation into the wartime escapades of British Special Operations Executive (SOE) double agent Ronald Sydney Seth. The article builds on Dr Wheatley’s original groundbreaking article from 2014 and offers crucial new information, some of it of a disturbing nature. In response to recent publications on the subject of Seth, Wheatley attempts to correctly place Seth’s reputation in the public’s perception. This article therefore restates in greater detail the security services conclusions that this former Abwehr and Sicherheitsdienst (SD) agent was ‘spiritually so much under German domination that he intends to work for an Anglo-German understanding and an anti-Russian policy after the war’, has ‘not told us (the British) all about the services he rendered to the Germans’, was of ‘unbalanced character and rabidly anti-Soviet’, ‘extremely untruthful’, prone to ‘megalomania’ and that ‘neither his loyalty to this country nor his discretion were all that could be desired’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/92PPFA8J,2017-07-03,Ben Wheatley,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:21:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1309173,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2606124641,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 3669,"Britain, Australia and Toynbee’s cliff: intelligence on a ledge",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1333799,"This paper likens the scenario posed by Brexit for British-Australian intelligence relations to Arnold Toynbee’s climbers on a cliff-face. Advancing societies climb steadily towards the top, while others plunge to their demise or get trapped on a ledge, unable to ascend any further. At the top of the cliff is a higher state of civilisation with hitherto unimagined levels of security and wellbeing for all citizens. At the bottom are chaos, barbarism and suffering. It is argued that a fall from the cliff-face is not inevitable, but that Britain must take measures to ensure its progression, namely maintaining productive EU intelligence relationships for the benefit of its distant partners and continuing to develop innovative intelligence collection technologies, rather than falling into stagnation or decline.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8LWC5PQ3,2017-07-03,Jai Galliott,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:10:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1333799,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2624584831,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 3670,Brexit: an agent of ‘disruptive change’ for UK and European intelligence?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1334355,"This short commentary article provides a brief evaluation of the question of ‘What does Brexit mean for British and European Intelligence Agencies?’ Several insights relating to possible implications going forward into the future are presented for their further consideration. How European intelligence work is conducted is broken-down into three differing arrangements, which variously overlap. The article concludes that ‘the third category’, consisting of EU intelligence arrangements, can be anticipated to be ‘most affected’. In their entirety, those entities do not exist in ‘splendid isolation’ from the others, particularly in terms of ‘data’ and ‘information’ relations and dynamics. A greater understanding of how contemporary intelligence works in Europe at its most fullest and comprehensive is advised, with at least potentially greater implications being heralded for ‘softer’ safety and law enforcement-related work. However precisely assessed, Brexit at least somewhat being an agent of ‘disruptive change’ for British and European intelligence cannot be discounted.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FG92IY3A,2017-07-03,Adam D. M. Svendsen,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:07:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/16161262.2017.1334355,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2621797976,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 3671,Brexit and intelligence: connecting the dots,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1333695,"The purpose of this article is to examine the implications of Brexit both for the UK and the EU in an anarchical international system. Firstly, we will describe the current strategic landscape, secondly, we will examine the consequences of Brexit for the UK by devising three schools of thought, thirdly, we will assess the implications of Brexit for the EU and finally, we will search if there is any solution to overcome or mitigate Brexit’s negative consequences.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QS7PJ6UK,2017-07-03,"Ioannis L. Konstantopoulos, John M. Nomikos",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:07:26Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1333695,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2624085146,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 3672,With or without you? The UK and information and intelligence sharing in the EU,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1333690,"This short article explores some of the implications which the UK’s departure from the EU will have on the realm of EU-wide information and intelligence sharing. Reflecting on the significant role of the UK in this field so far, the article argues that there remains a strong wish on both sides to continue collaboration in this crucial domain of security provision. The article outlines the emergence of an ever closer network of information and intelligence sharing across EU institutions and with national agencies of EU member states. If the UK leaves the EU according to a ‘hard Brexit’ scenario, transnational cooperation between British agencies and EU partners will be more fragile, ad hoc and less accountable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S2RF8E5G,2017-07-03,Claudia Hillebrand,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:06:15Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1333690,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2623797050,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2623797050,2018.0,2023.0,2017.0,,1.0 3673,Intelligence and European security in the aftermath of Brexit: an Italian perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1333688,"The Italian perception of Brexit is complex, at any level, and the intelligence and security dimensions do not represent anexception. The general view on this matter is that the exit of the UK from the European Union (EU) should not pose any special challenge in terms of traditional security issues: the UK and most EU members are member states of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), with the ensuing obligations in matters of collective security. Dramatic shifts are not expected either for what concerns intelligence services. If it is true there are friendly nations, but not friendly intelligence services’, Italy and the UK have a long tradition in terms of exchanges, and cooperation – both successful and unsuccessful - which has always happened outside of any EU setting. What is probably going to change is what affects law enforcement and extradition procedures, where EUROPOL has instead proved effective, and where it is not clear how the new arrangements are going to be.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8SLUARY4,2017-07-03,"Stefania Paladini, Ignazio Castellucci",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:05:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/16161262.2017.1333688,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2625570895,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2625570895,2019.0,2019.0,2017.0,,2.0 3674,Intelligence cooperation between the UK and the EU: will Brexit make a difference?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1333687,"This article considers and provide examples of three methods and options for Bitish intelligence cooperation after BREXIT in, by, with and within the European Union; the options being single, common and bilateral.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L85II5DA,2017-07-03,Glen Segell,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:05:24Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1333687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2621917146,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2621917146,2020.0,2020.0,2017.0,,3.0 3675,"The more things change, the more they stay the same: an assessment of the implications of Brexit for intelligence agencies both in the UK and in Europe",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1333685,"The practical business of counter-terrorism and counter-espionage in the EU is conducted through bilateral (very occasionally trilateral) relationships between security services. This is largely due to the third party rule: the recipient of intelligence from one state cannot pass it on to a third party without the originator’s agreement. Britain’s intelligence relationships with other European countries are conducted on a bi-lateral basis, rather than through the EU. These relationships are largely governed by utility, rather than sentiment or political considerations. Brexit will not change this. Pragmatism and a sense of shared threats will trump political considerations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RDQTI4L8,2017-07-03,Chris Northcott,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:04:52Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1333685,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2621706411,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2621706411,2020.0,2020.0,2017.0,,3.0 3676,Hard Brexit on defence: how the UK can lead Europe in global security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1335978,"The need to address global security and security cooperation does not end with BREXIT – it simply opens a new chapter and provides options for Great Britain to move forward. The European Union’s pursuit of an EU Army will complicate global security and create a feckless redundant force that would likely degrade overall security in the region. Therefore, with BREXIT, the best course of action for England is to work with the United States on a reinvigoration and modernization of NATO and discourage any formulation of an EU Army.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YT544W6F,2017-07-03,Tony Shaffer,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:04:35Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1335978,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2704842664,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2704842664,2021.0,2025.0,2017.0,,4.0 3677,What Brexit means for British and European intelligence agencies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1333680,"This article argues that continued security and intelligence cooperation with the EU27 is of such importance to the UK that in any rational scenario it is inconceivable it will not continue post-Brexit. Britain will have to quit multiple security and intelligence sharing EU bodies but must hope to be readmitted in line with the prime minister’s speech of 17 January 2017. It takes issue with the line put by a small number of former security officials that the EU27 contribute nothing to our security, or the wrong statement that Europol, in particular, is not an EU institution so need not be given up, giving much weight to the statement by the Home Secretary (Mrs. May) on 25 April 2016 outlining the security gains of EU membership.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3V52WYMF,2017-07-03,Anthony Glees,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:04:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/16161262.2017.1333680,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2724778609,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2724778609,2020.0,2022.0,2017.0,,3.0 3678,A JIH special forum on Brexit: implications for UK and European intelligence agencies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1332544,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R8FUQVRG,2017-07-03,Christopher Moran,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T15:03:58Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2017.1332544,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2626420659,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2626420659,2020.0,2024.0,2017.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2017.1332544?needAccess=true,3.0 3679,Inside Canadian Intelligence: Exposing the New Realities of Espionage and International Terrorism,Book,https://www.dundurn.com/books_/t22117/a9781554888917-inside-canadian-intelligence,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TFEYSDB9,2011-05-01,Dwight Hamilton,Dundurn Press,,2024-02-05T15:01:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3680,The intelligence dimension of Kautilyan statecraft and its implications for the present,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2015.1116330,"In this article, we examine the question whether a premodern Indian author, Kautilya, who addressed statecraft and intelligence in a scholarly fashion, might bear a meaning for contemporary Intelligence Studies. Kautilya, a near-contemporary of Aristotle and Alexander the Great, viewed intelligence as a central feature of statecraft. While not yet employing the category ‘intelligence’, the concept of intelligence is very much present in Kautilya’s opus magnum Arthashastra, which can be translated as ‘Textbook of Statecraft and Political Economy’. Kautilya provides a detailed account of intelligence collection, processing, consumption, and covert operations, as indispensable means for maintaining and expanding the security and power of the state. His understanding of intelligence analysis is outstanding, albeit mostly not explicitly elaborated. In the following, we explore Kautilya’s doctrine of intelligence and statecraft, as well as its contemporary relevance, in a ‘scale-model’ approach, as to demonstrate the validity and meaningfulness of pursuing research on that subject on a broader scale, as well as with greater depth.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I2F7WKD8,2016-07-02,"Dany Shoham, Michael Liebig",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T14:50:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/16161262.2015.1116330,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2412356202,32.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2412356202,2019.0,2025.0,2016.0,,3.0 3681,Israel's Silent Defender: An Inside Look at Sixty Years of Israeli Intelligence,Book,https://www.gefenpublishing.com/product.asp?productid=961,"The Israeli intelligence community has earned a worldwide reputation for excellence. Through its professionalism, daring and creativity, it has made important contributions to intelligence services around the world in the struggle against global terrorism. But how much is known about it? How was it built? What are its areas of activity –and what are the secrets of its success? In Israel’s Silent Defender, Brigadier Generals (Res.) Amos Gilboa and Ephraim Lapid have compiled thirty-seven essays written by experts and leaders of Israeli intelligence, among them high-ranking analysts and J2s, commanders of human intelligence (HUMINT), signal intelligence (SIGINT), visual intelligence (VISINT) and open source intelligence (OSINT) units, and heads of the Israel Defense Intelligence (IDI), the Mossad and the Shabak. This book is a project of the Israel Intelligence Heritage and Commemoration Center and dedicated to the memory of Meir Amit, who was both head of the Mossad and director of IDI. It is published in memory of the fallen heroes of the intelligence community, with profound appreciation for its founders – those who laid the groundwork for the security of the State of Israel.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2AP4JUED,2012,"Ephraim Lapid, Arnos Gilboa",Gefen Publishing House,,2024-02-05T14:45:16Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3682,"The CIA and the Soviet Bloc: Political Warfare, the Origins of the CIA and Countering Communism in Europe",Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/cia-and-the-soviet-bloc-9781350159013/,"The Central Intelligence Agency was established by Harry S. Truman after World War II and it soon provided covert political and paramilitary support to further US foreign policy. Strengthened by President Eisenhower and under the command of Allen Dulles, by the early 1950s, the CIA was actively overthrowing governments, notably Prime Minister Mossadegh in Iran in 1953 and President Arbenz Guzman in Guatemala in 1954. The Agency was less effective in Eastern Europe, however, where the Soviet Union had established control, despite opportunities for US interference such as the East German riots in 1953 and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Stephen Long challenges the accepted view that the US believed in a post-World War II ordering of Europe which placed the East outside an American 'sphere of influence'. He argues instead that 'disorder prevailed over design' in the planning and organization of intelligence operations during the early stages of the Cold War, and that the period represents a missed opportunity for the US during the Cold War. Featuring new archival material and a new approach which seeks to unpick the relationship between the CIA, the US government and the Soviet Union, The CIA and the Soviet Bloc sheds new light on espionage, the Cold War, US diplomatic history and the history of twentieth-century Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/69UYHE8D,2020-04-30,Stephen Long,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-05T14:42:52Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3683,"In search of a lost Commando: a personal account of No. 3 ‘X’ Troop, No. 10 Inter-Allied Commando",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2015.1104978,"No. 3 Troop (Inter-Allied) Commando was perhaps the strangest of all British army units in the Second World War. Created out of enemy aliens to fight for the allied side, united in their intense hatred of Nazism, these were the original ‘Inglorious Basterds’. The Commandos were trained to their outer limits and were skilled in everything from intelligence work to mountainous marches in the dark with no compasses. This article recounts the story of No. 3 Troop focussing, in particular, on the role of Sergeant Walter Thompson, who was captured behind enemy lines in the aftermath of D-Day. It is a fascinating story of derring-do and illustrates the British Army’s innovative approach to using foreign soldiers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LSZLXD66,2016-01-02,Michael S. Goodman,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T14:42:17Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2015.1104978,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2156775029,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 3684,Did Raoul Wallenberg try to leave Budapest in January 1945 with jewelry and 15–20 kg of gold hidden in the gasoline tank of his car? On sensationalism in popular history and Soviet disinformation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2015.1079967,"This article addresses the claim made by the American journalists Frederick Werbell and Thurston Clarke (in 1982) and the Swedish author and researcher Bengt Jangfeldt (in 2012) to the effect that the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, when preparing to leave Budapest for Debrecen in January 1945, hid jewelry and 15–20 kg of gold in his car. As is evident from the examination conducted here, the testimonies referred to in support of this theory are all fraught with serious problems. Most importantly, there is not a single witness making such a claim before the July 1947 issue of the American journal Reader’s Digest, where it first appeared. The article concludes that the sources referred to are not sufficiently solid to support the claim that Wallenberg tried to bring anything of value out of Budapest, except for the small number of bills of different currencies that was handed over to his relatives by the KGB in 1989, together with his personal belongings. The article also describes a number of known and suspected Soviet attempts to furnish the Swedes with disinformation regarding Wallenberg’s fate and discusses whether the gold-and-jewelry claim is in fact the distant echo of an almost 70-year-old Soviet attempt to discredit Wallenberg.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/86YNWDC8,2016-01-02,Johan Matz,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T14:41:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2015.1079967,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2201223472,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2201223472,2017.0,2017.0,2015.0,,2.0 3685,"England, Sir Martin Gilbert and Hungarian State Security",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2015.1061796,"The article tells us the story of a bungled attempt at recruitment of a prominent member of the British establishment by the Hungarian Foreign Intelligence Service in the 1960s. Its research was based on files found in the Historical Archives of Hungarian State Security. As the reports might have been “edited,” fabricated and tailored for the superiors, the author went to great lengths to study all of the volumes of files dealing with the case, and, using judicious vetting, composed a very credible story of this intelligence operation. The case study successfully lifts the veil of secrecy over sources and methods of the then Hungarian intelligence service and even manages to name a well-known Hungarian person as an agent and talent-spotter. As it turns out, the target proved to be far more skillful and resourceful than his would-be recruiters and took full advantage of their eagerness for his own material benefit without delivering any intelligence of value. The author suspects that the Hungarians’ target was a plant of MI5, which frequently used double agent operations against the Eastern services. In closing, the author, however, finds it strange that the well-known target never mentioned or hinted at the incident in any of his writing, though he could have been quite proud of his feat of making a fool of a hostile intelligence service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SRX5VM5D,2016-01-02,Krisztián Ungváry,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T14:40:57Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2015.1061796,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2219524344,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 3686,The CIA in Hollywood: How the Agency Shapes Film and Television,Book,https://utpress.utexas.edu/9780292772465,"What’s your impression of the CIA? A bumbling agency that can’t protect its own spies? A rogue organization prone to covert operations and assassinations? Or a dedicated public service that advances the interests of the United States? Astute TV and movie viewers may have noticed that the CIA’s image in popular media has spanned this entire range, with a decided shift to more positive portrayals in recent years. But what very few people know is that the Central Intelligence Agency has been actively engaged in shaping the content of film and television, especially since it established an entertainment industry liaison program in the mid-1990s. The CIA in Hollywood offers the first full-scale investigation of the relationship between the Agency and the film and television industries. Tricia Jenkins draws on numerous interviews with the CIA’s public affairs staff, operations officers, and historians, as well as with Hollywood technical consultants, producers, and screenwriters who have worked with the Agency, to uncover the nature of the CIA’s role in Hollywood. In particular, she delves into the Agency’s and its officers’ involvement in the production of The Agency, In the Company of Spies, Alias, The Recruit, The Sum of All Fears, Enemy of the State, Syriana, The Good Shepherd, and more. Her research reveals the significant influence that the CIA now wields in Hollywood and raises important and troubling questions about the ethics and legality of a government agency using popular media to manipulate its public image.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RJADZQH5,2016-03-08,Tricia Jenkins,University of Texas Press,,2024-02-05T14:36:39Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3687,Open Source Intelligence in a Networked World,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/open-source-intelligence-in-a-networked-world-9781441166081/,"The amount of publicly and often freely available information is staggering. Yet, the intelligence community still continues to collect and use information in the same manner as during WWII, when the OSS set out to learn as much as possible about Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan by scrutinizing encyclopedias, guide books, and short-wave radio. Today, the supply of information is greater than any possible demand, and anyone can provide information. In effect, intelligence analysts are drowning in information. The book explains how to navigate this rising flood and make best use of these new, rich sources of information. Written by a pioneer in the field, it explores the potential uses of digitized data and the impact of the new means of creating and transmitting data, recommending to the intelligence community new ways of collecting and processing information. This comprehensive overview of the world of open source intelligence will appeal not only to practitioners and students of intelligence, but also to anyone interested in communication and the challenges posed by the information age.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6WTH4GFB,2012-07-19,Anthony Olcott,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-05T14:34:43Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3688,"From Northern Ireland to Afghanistan: British Military Intelligence Operations, Ethics and Human Rights",Book,https://www.routledge.com/From-Northern-Ireland-to-Afghanistan-British-Military-Intelligence-Operations/Moran/p/book/9781138249790,"Moran concentrates on three aims: to provide an overview of British military intelligence operations in the last 30 years which concentrates on operational not strategic intelligence; to examine the debates over ethics and effectiveness that have followed these operations; and to examine the increasing attempts to place military intelligence under the same type of regulation that police and security intelligence operations have been subject to. As such, he provides a timely overview of intelligence effectiveness and ethics in this area of heightened interest and relevance in terms of the recent UK deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan, and in the light of the UK Strategic Defence Review. This book is not a philosophical discussion of military ethics; nor is it a study of operations alone. In the light of experiences from Northern Ireland to Afghanistan, it examines the debates over effectiveness which have surrounded British military intelligence activities whilst tying these debates closely to the ethical issues they raise. Each stage of operations is evaluated in context. Interest will cut across disciplines and as such this book will appeal to intelligence, counter-terrorism, military studies, politics, human rights and philosophy practitioners, scholars and students.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D9SM68J7,2013,Jon Moran,Routledge,,2024-02-05T13:43:18Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3689,Argo: How the CIA and Hollywood Pulled Off the Most Audacious Rescue in History,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/188704/argo-by-baglio-antonio-mendez-and-matt/9780241964590,"Argo by Antonio Mendez and Matt Baglio - the declassified CIA story behind the Oscar-winning film WINNER OF 'BEST PICTURE' AT THE ACADEMY AWARDS, THE BAFTAS AND THE GOLDEN GLOBES Tehran, November 1979. Militant students stormed the American embassy and held sixty Americans captive for a gruelling 444 days. But until now the CIA has never revealed the twist to the Iran Hostage Crisis: six Americans escaped. The escape plot was run by Antonio Mendez, head of the CIA's extraction team and a master of disguise. Mendez came up with an idea so daring and potentially foolish that it seemed destined for Hollywood... and indeed it was. He invented a fake sci-fi film called 'Argo' (from the actual name of the CIA mission, a reference to Jason and the Argonauts). After announcing the production to the movie industry, Mendez put together a team of real 1970s Hollywood actors, directors and producers - along with covert CIA officers. They would travel to revolutionary Iran under a foreign film visa, and while 'scouting locations' throughout the country they would track down the six Americans who were hiding out. After giving them false identities as part of the film crew, they would spirit them back across the border. One part 'Ocean's 11' and another part 'Black Hawk Down', Mendez's mind-bogglingly complicated and risky gamble paid off: each escapee was extracted without a shot being fired. Mendez is considered one of the greatest officers in CIA history. The story of this, his greatest mission, has never been told. Now an acclaimed film directed by and starring Ben Affleck, with Bryan Cranston, Alan Arkin and John Goodman' Antonio Mendez was cited by Richard Clarke as one of the top two or three CIA agents in history. He received the CIA's Intelligence Medal of Merit, the Trailblazer Medallion and the Intelligence Star - for his rescue of six Americans from revolutionary Iran. He and his wife, also a famed agent, were technical consultants on the television series 'The Agency' and founding board members of the International Spy Museum in Washington. Matt Baglio is the author of the New York Times bestseller The Rite: The Making of a Modern Exorcist. His writing appears regularly in the Daily Mail and the Associated Press.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QRDX35SN,2012-10-25,"Antonio Mendez, Mendez Baglio",Penguin,,2024-02-05T13:39:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3690,"From countersubversion to counter-insurgency – comparing MI5’s role in British Guiana, Aden and the Northern Ireland civil rights crisis",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.970365,"As the imperial security service, MI5 operated throughout the British Empire and in virtually every instance of decolonisation after the Second World War. Using both secondments inside the Colonial Office (Security Intelligence Advisors or SIAs) and representatives within the colonies, dependencies and protectorates (Security Liaison Officers or SLOs), MI5 arguably operated in a more diverse range of political situations than any part of Britain’s armed forces. This article suggests that two main modes of conduct were deployed in the empire’s trouble spots by MI5 – countersubversion and counter-insurgency – and that investigation of these instances can be used to shed light on MI5’s less documented role in the early years of the Northern Ireland Troubles. The article demonstrates that, unlike in Aden, the Security Service managed to maintain their liaison and supervision role in Northern Ireland without being absorbed within the local Special Branch in the first decade of the Troubles.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QMAKX5XM,2015-01-02,Tony Craig,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T13:39:07Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/16161262.2014.970365,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039197832,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039197832,2023.0,2023.0,2014.0,,9.0 3691,Not above the law: Shin Bet’s (Israel Security Agency) democratization and legalization process,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2015.972717,"Shin Bet – Israel’s internal security agency – has been active for many years in the gray areas of the law. This reality originated from the clandestine nature of Shin Bet and its missions, primarily the war against terror. However, scandals that erupted in the 1980s, in which Shin Bet high-ranking officials have knowingly broke the law and in fact placed themselves above it, have compelled the agency in particular and Israeli law and justice authorities in general to implement a fundamental revision in the legal status of Shin Bet, its regulation, and the definition of its authorities. Following this revision, a better balance has been achieved between national security needs and the values of the democracy. This article describes the democratization and legalization process Shin Bet has undergone since its foundation and the existing regulatory mechanisms aimed at ensuring that Shin Bet’s activity is executed according to law and fits Israel’s democratic values.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D2G8BVGJ,2015-01-02,Eyal Pascovich,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-05T13:38:02Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2015.972717,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1963809068,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1963809068,2017.0,2022.0,2014.0,,3.0 3692,Schattenwelten: Österreichs Geheimdienstchef erzählt [Shadow worlds: Austria's secret service chief tells],Book,https://www.ares-verlag.com/product/schattenwelten/,"The so-called BVT affair, in particular the raid on this authority under the turquoise-blue government in 2018, was not without consequences. The seizure of confidential material from the ""Berner Club"" as part of the search led to a crisis of confidence and a temporary suspension of the BVT from this informal, elite circle. There is much to suggest that the initial spark for this action by the ""Club"" came from the BAT itself, i.e. that the fire was started by its own people. A call with serious consequences: in 2002, Gert R. Polli was headhunted from his position at Austria's military foreign intelligence service to the Ministry of the Interior by ÖVP Interior Minister Ernst Strasser. In the light of a developing international terror situation after 11 September 2001, a domestic intelligence service was to be created. The task now was to restructure and reorganise one of Austria's most controversial security agencies: the state police. An almost impossible task, which was entrusted to Polli, an officer with experience abroad. Once this task was completed, the State Police was incorporated into the newly founded Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Counter-Terrorism. Polli, for his part, was appointed the first director of this agency - a position he was to hold for almost seven years. This book is a very personal look back at his life and career. Gert R. Polli traces the remarkable path that led him from primary school in Carinthia via the Austrian army into the thicket of Austrian authorities and intelligence services, from there again into the independent security industry and finally onto the Way of St James with its final destination in Santiago de Compostela. The Austrian, European and global shadow worlds can be surmised in numerous stories that could have happened in a similar way.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9FMS7SFR,2023,Gert R. Polli,Ares Verlag,,2024-02-05T09:06:13Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3693,Intelligence's Future: Learning From the Past,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555083,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KL63469E,2003-12-01,Michael Herman,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:36:21Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/16161262.2003.10555083,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1574876560,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1574876560,2016.0,2025.0,2003.0,,13.0 3694,"Partisanship and congressional intelligence oversight: the case of the Russia inquiries, 2017-2020",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2249792,"What patterns of behavior can we observe among the leading figures of US congressional intelligence committees’ Russia inquiries? We argue that current typologies to study the roles of legislators in intelligence oversight do not fully capture the impact of partisanship on overseers’ behavior. Revisiting Loch Johnson’s typology of ‘role definitions’ to account for the behaviour of these legislators, we define four types of congressional investigators to understand how partisanship affected legislators’ behavior during the congressional investigations on Russian interference. We conclude by showing how our role definitions could be used to study congressional intelligence oversight on other high-profile issues.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8GIVD2EV,2024-01-02,"Vincent Boucher, Frédérick Gagnon",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-20T18:59:59Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2249792,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386713564,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386713564,2025.0,2026.0,2023.0,,2.0 3695,To trust or to restrict? – mapping professional perspectives on intelligence powers and oversight in the Netherlands using Q-methodology,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2239037,"In recent years, the intelligence domain has transformed and become more cyber-oriented. This has been accompanied by governance reforms of intelligence agencies’ powers and oversight mechanisms. However, opinions on key points of these reforms diverge and diverging professional opinions may affect how reforms achieve intended goals. Using Q-methodology, this article identifies and analyses four distinct viewpoints that professionals in the Dutch intelligence community hold regarding intelligence powers and oversight thereof. This study was done in the context of recent reforms in the Netherlands and also considers how views on trust, privacy, and effectiveness play a role.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VTSMEE2G,2024-01-02,"E.C. Oomens, R.S. van Wegberg, A.J. Klievink, M.J.G. van Eeten",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-08-05T19:52:11Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2239037,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385481114,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385481114,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2239037?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 3696,‘No end of a lesson’: the Anglo-Boer War and British espionage fiction,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2244219,"In the first years of the twentieth century, the British government came to recognize the value of espionage for the defense of the empire. This was a logical outgrowth of increasing anxieties about the intentions of the German Kaiser and the experience of the Anglo-Boer War, in which a numerically superior British army found itself in a protracted battle with local forces skilled in the art of guerrilla warfare. Espionage fiction by writers such as Rudyard Kipling, E. Phillips Oppenheim, Erskine Childers, William Le Queux, and John Buchan used the example of the Anglo-Boer War to draw attention to the deficiencies in imperial intelligence, the potential threats to the empire, and the role of civilian patriots in thwarting internal and external threats. Espionage fiction educated British readers to perceive a need for systematic intelligence gathering, which ran counter to the democratic nature to which the British aspired. The popularity of non-professional patriotic spies as protagonists of mass market fiction allowed for the development of a broad popular constituency in favor of greater government commitment to intelligence gathering. And while this popular enthusiasm was beneficial to the Tory Party, it was not driven solely by conservative politicians, but rather by populist pressure stemming from mass culture inspired by literary reflections on the Anglo-Boer War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7BVLQQKP,2024-01-02,Anton Fedyashin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-08-08T21:38:30Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2244219,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385663576,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385663576,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 3697,Espionage by Europeans: treason and counterintelligence in post-Cold War Europe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2254020,"As War rages in Ukraine, counterintelligence has again taken centre stage for European intelligence agencies. In spite of the long-ascendant espionage threat, to date little is known about who is recruited, what motivated them and how they were caught. This article presents an analysis of espionage against European NATO and/or EU members, based on court convictions in 2010–2021. This provides a first overview of contemporary espionage in Europe, and complements previous research, which is dominated by single-case studies, mainly of Anglo-Saxon cases. Replicating large-N studies of American espionage, the study identifies transatlantic commonalities, including perpetrators being overwhelmingly male, middle-aged, and a mainly working outside of defence or intelligence agencies. But also differences, with Russia being by far the main instigator of espionage in Europe, a strong concentration of cases in Northern Europe, and a diversity of legislation coinciding with equally variable outcomes in court. Generally, the similarities speak to the nature of contemporary espionage, whereas the differences are chiefly attributable to geopolitical differences between the US and Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KR763YYB,2024-01-02,Michael Jonsson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-09-28T21:22:48Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2254020,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386600737,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386600737,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2254020?needAccess=true&role=button,0.0 3698,Intelligence for human security: measuring outcomes quantitatively,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2250478,"This article examines whether increased intelligence capacity improves global security, a key assumption in intelligence theory. Using the partial least squares structural equation modelling method, the research statistically analyzes data from the U.S. International Intelligence Behaviour dataset and Global Terrorism Database. Grounded in intelligence studies and international relations theory, the study integrates a constructivist human security framework. Surprisingly, the results show a significant correlation between increased intelligence capacity and the degree of terrorism, suggesting intelligence may undermine rather than enhance human security. This finding challenges traditional assumptions, though it must be viewed cautiously due to potential endogeneity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3E8ZEF7H,2024-01-02,Steven Stottlemyre,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-09-24T08:20:11Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2250478,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386884214,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386884214,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2250478,1.0 3699,Pinochet’s poisons: examining Chile’s historical interest in chemical and biological weapons,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2258693,"Under military rule (1973–1990), Chile embarked upon several top-secret chemical and biological weapons (CBW) programmes. ‘Project ANDREA’ and the development of sarin is the best known, although other programmes have also been reported. However, these programmes remain poorly understood – particularly in English language sources. To resolve this, this paper draws upon local-language reporting, Cold War histories and other sources to provide insight into the histories, key personalities, and evolution of Chile’s historical CBW programmes. This paper contributes to wider literature on Chile’s dictatorship, but also literature on CBW-proliferation, which remains confined to a relatively small set of case studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H8V2Y24X,2024-01-02,Karl Dewey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-10-02T07:32:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2258693,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387222314,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2258693, 3700,‘A cuckoo in the diplomatic service nest’: freedom of information and the ‘English Desk’ of the Information Research Department (IRD),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2263947,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QVW2GXFP,2024-01-02,"Rory Cormac, Dan Lomas",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-27T17:51:10Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2263947,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388414258,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388414258,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2263947,2.0 3701,Towards intelligence accountability as a virtue,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2255446,"This article investigates the conceptualisation of accountability in the Intelligence Studies literature, distinguishing between accountability as a mechanism and a virtue, and questions the predominant emphasis on the former. The mechanism approach encounters two significant challenges: the functionalist solutions to accountability issues and the overarching focus on oversight bodies. Consequently, the literature ignores its own realisations of the importance of beliefs and perceptions within the services. I propose a novel approach to studying intelligence accountability by integrating insights from the Institutional Logics literature and Bourdieu’s political sociology to address these issues.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5PAVBNCZ,2024-01-02,Melanie Sofia Hartvigsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-05T08:57:40Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2255446,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387025476,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387025476,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://findresearcher.sdu.dk/ws/files/240940920/Preprint_Towards_Intelligence_Accountability_as_a_Virtue.pdf,2.0 3702,CIA in the Spotlight: The Central Intelligence Agency and Public Accountability,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16161262.2009.10555168,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JI2UX6AE,2009,David Robarge,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/16161262.2009.10555168,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2468354935,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2468354935,2013.0,2023.0,2009.0,,4.0 3703,The FAN TAN file: Quebec separatism and security service resistance to politicization 1971–72,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2246235,"This article examines an interval during 1970–1971 during which the Canadian Federal government established a clandestine body codenamed FAN TAN within the Prime Minister’s Office to conduct surveillance of, and ‘political action’ against, the Quebec separatist movement. This organization, led by Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister Marc Lalonde, sought to persuade the Security Service of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to provide intelligence in support of what was a party political entity based in the Prime Minister’s Office and not in the actual national security machinery of the Privy Council Office. We examine how John Starnes, Director General of the Security Service, went to considerable lengths to resist this effort to politicize his agency, and to warn the government of the potential scandal should FAN TAN become publicly known. We conclude that the FAN TAN affair leaves a number of serious questions to be answered such as: who actually originated the scheme, its legality as well as propriety, what intelligence was used or continued to be collected after the RCMP sought to end its involvement, and why the matter was ignored by the subsequent McDonald Commission that prompted the dissolution of the Security Service.1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XHES7QAD,2024-01-02,"Dennis G. Molinaro, Philip H.J. Davies",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-08-29T10:54:58Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2246235,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386224904,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386224904,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2246235?needAccess=true&role=button,2.0 3704,"Monster in the box: the card index affair and the transformation of Switzerland’s intelligence information system, 1989–1994",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2015.1035517,"In the fall of 1989, the most pivotal privacy scandal in recent Swiss history took its course. This article analyzes the history of the so-called ‘card index affair’ (‘Fichen-Affäre’). First, it explores how the federal police’s card index was monsterized in the public discourse. Second, it investigates how different stakeholders successfully knotted their interests to this metaphorical monster. Resulting from the axiomatic conflict between intelligence secrecy and democratic transparency, the narrative contains a conjuncture of paradoxes. This is used to explain the fundamental transformation of Switzerland’s intelligence information system from 1989 to 1994 as an interdependent process of social and technological change.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4UZSS9YY,2015-07-03,Hannes Mangold,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-04T23:17:40Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2015.1035517,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987666219,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987666219,2016.0,2023.0,2015.0,,1.0 3705,The CIA and the invention of tradition,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2015.1032499,"This article argues for a need to rethink the history of intelligence, and the history of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in particular, in order to account for the public relations activities of those intelligence agencies alongside the existing concerns about the suppression of the historical record through government secrecy. It traces some of the uses the CIA has made of its past in order to shape contemporary debates about the morality and efficacy of its actions, particularly during moments of public outcry regarding its activities. This article thus focuses on four distinct moments when CIA (and Office of Strategic Services (OSS)) public relations were deemed necessary to respond to public criticism: the immediate aftermath of the Second World War following the dissolution of the OSS, the years following the Bay of Pigs debacle, the period of congressional and media scrutiny of the CIA in the mid-1970s, and finally the post-Cold War era. The ways in which the CIA has attempted to articulate its past in these moments of crisis for its public reputation demonstrate the contested and highly politicised manner in which intelligence history is narrated.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZR2LJSVH,2015-07-03,Simon Willmetts,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-04T23:17:24Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/16161262.2015.1032499,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968485339,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968485339,2017.0,2020.0,2015.0,,2.0 3706,Nerve agent development: a lesson in intelligence failure?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.997005,"The development of Nerve Agents by Germany in the lead up to the Second World War represents one of the best-kept secrets of the period. It also reflects an almost total failure of Western Intelligence Agencies to anticipate, detect and report on these weapons. This paper will use the results of archive-based research to illustrate the process through which Germany gained what was to become the most advanced Chemical Weapon capability in the World, maintaining that dominance until her defeat in 1945. It will be argued that despite having opportunities to fully identify German capabilities, UK and US Intelligence consistently failed to recognise key evidence – largely as the result of an institutionalised arrogance relating to their assumed technical superiority in the field. These failings, it will be suggested, were directly responsible for the Chemical Weapons arms race that persisted throughout the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IKTY5F9X,2015-07-03,Mark Wilkinson,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-04T23:06:05Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2014.997005,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2100313635,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2100313635,2024.0,2024.0,2015.0,,9.0 3707,Conspiracy and contemporary history: revisiting MI5 and the Wilson plot[s],Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.896112,This article examines the debates which have taken place again recently concerning the long-standing idea of a plot in the 1970s against the elected Labour government under Prime Minister Harold Wilson. Two television programmes in 2006 and Christopher Andrew’s 2009 official history of the UK Security Service (MI5) discussed the plot. Andrew’s history dismissed the possibility of a conspiracy out of hand. This article critiques this approach and also discusses the continuing power of ideas of right wing plotting against Wilson. The plots remain an interesting and unresolved debate in contemporary intelligence history.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F6UKQEMA,2014-07-03,Jon Moran,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-04T23:01:01Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2014.896112,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033843207,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033843207,2024.0,2024.0,2014.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Conspiracy_and_contemporary_history_revisiting_MI5_and_the_Wilson_plot_s_/10155806,10.0 3708,Mossad directors and the media: a historical perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.896111,"This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between Mossad directors and the media on a historical timeline. It combines different methods such as qualitative research and comparative analysis of case studies from the history of the Mossad. This study is based on a database created from sources such as newspapers, books and in-depth interviews with former directors of the Mossad, Shin-Bet, senior journalists and politicians. It provides a glimpse into a fascinating dimension of Israel’s intelligence services which has been hidden from sight for many years and took place for the most part behind the scenes and far from the public eye. The study demonstrates the significant role the intelligence services’ directors play in shaping approaches to the media, mainly but not just in crisis situations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QQ8H8X68,2014-07-03,Clila Magen,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-04T23:00:23Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/16161262.2014.896111,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013025700,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013025700,2015.0,2025.0,2014.0,,1.0 3709,"Programmed to Kill: Lee Harvey Oswald, the Soviet KGB, and the Kennedy Assassination",Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IG2UZPPX,2007-11-02,Ion Mihai,"Ivan R Dee, Inc",,2024-02-04T22:54:36Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3710,Understanding the Globalization of Intelligence,Book,http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781137283313,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZSI78Y5,2012,Adam D. M. Svendsen,Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2024-02-04T22:50:03Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1057/9781137283313,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W626014098,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W626014098,2013.0,2024.0,2012.0,,1.0 3711,"Changing narratives of conspiracy on British television: a review of Hunted, Secret State, Complicit and Utopia",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.840157,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KKEFTSQN,2014-01-02,Joseph Oldham,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-04T22:31:49Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],10.1080/16161262.2013.840157,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051616927,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051616927,2016.0,2024.0,2013.0,,3.0 3712,A note on diplomatic intercepts in England during World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.852291,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YYAF2U4A,2014-01-02,John Croft,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-04T22:30:08Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2013.852291,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037720129,0.0,False,,,,2013.0,, 3713,Civic education: the overlooked narrative of 9/11 intelligence community reorganization,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.830367,"Two narratives dominate the literature on the history of post-9/11 US intelligence community reorganization. The first narrative centers on how to improve the performance of the intelligence community. The second narrative centers on placing blame. Overlooked in the histories and evaluations of post-9/11, intelligence reorganization is a civic education narrative. In this narrative, intelligence community reorganization arguments serve as a vehicle for engendering public support for the political system and bolstering the long-term health of the political system. It is argued here that developing a full understanding of post-9/11 intelligence reorganization in the US requires incorporating this civic education narrative into histories and analyses of this reorganization effort.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A6I8F7SB,2014-01-02,Glenn Hastedt,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-04T22:26:12Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/16161262.2013.830367,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997991581,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997991581,2014.0,2014.0,2013.0,,1.0 3714,"Intelligence shocks, media coverage, and congressional accountability, 1947–2012",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.811905,"Recent research indicates that most lawmakers rarely engage in intensive intelligence oversight unless a major scandal or failure – a shock – forces them to pay more attention to the dark side of a government. Still, the question remains: what degree of shock is necessary to stir members of the Congress into taking a closer look at the clandestine activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the other fifteen organizations that comprise the US Intelligence Community? This report examines ten major intelligence shocks since the creation of the CIA in 1947 and explores the extent of media coverage associated with each. The findings suggest that the level of media coverage often corresponds with the degree of energetic intelligence oversight exercised by government officials: low oversight if a low level of media coverage, moderate if moderate, and high if high.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CX2F7N2M,2014-01-02,Loch K. Johnson,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-04T22:22:00Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/16161262.2013.811905,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067845572,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067845572,2014.0,2025.0,2013.0,,1.0 3715,Russian spies impersonating Western researchers in ongoing hacking campaign,Newspaper article,https://therecord.media/russian-campaign-impersonating-western-researchers-academics,"An ongoing Russian campaign is trying to gain access to the email accounts of academics and researchers, according to messages and files seen by Recorded Future News and independently analyzed by two cybersecurity companies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ES3W5W5W,2024-02-01,Alexander Martin,,The Record,2024-02-04T20:32:23Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3716,State surveillance and communist lives: Rose Cohen and the Early British Communist Milieu,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.785661,"Rose Cohen was a prominent member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in the 1920s. She relocated to Moscow with her husband Max Petrovsky, the Comintern's UK representative, in 1927. Both were arrested and shot in 1937 during the Stalinist Great Terror. Drawing on information contained in MI5 personal files on Cohen and her closest friends and associates, this article has two aims: first, to use her case to illuminate the intelligence environment in which the CPGB operated in the 1920s, highlighting the extent to which this should be seen in terms of a contest; second, to use these files to develop our understanding of what it meant to be a Communist at this time, including the clandestine dimension, and the tensions and compromises that accompanied a Communist identity. In relation to this, the article uses the MI5 record as a basis for explaining the CPGB leadership's reaction to Cohen's death.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3GVDH4WW,2013-06-01,"John Callaghan, Mark Phythian",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:57:48Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/16161262.2013.785661,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998673473,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998673473,2023.0,2023.0,2013.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/29138/1/Rose_Cohen.pdf,10.0 3717,"Labour Ministers, intelligence and domestic anti-Communism, 1945–1951",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.794569,"Relations between the post-war Labour Government and Britain's Security Service (MI5) have often been seen as strained. Utilising recently released material, the article argues that, rather than view the Service with disdain, Labour Ministers saw MI5 as an important instrument of Government, relying upon it for information on Fascist and Communist activities to inform government policy, particularly with the development of vetting procedures. It also details the development and early activities of the Committee on Communism (Home) and the involvement of the Foreign Office's Information Research Department (IRD) in domestic propaganda. As such it can be seen that, by 1951 and the end of their tenure in office, Labour Ministers had overseen the development of a complex anti-Communist strategy aimed at protecting the British Cold War state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NJ6YFVZD,2013-06-01,Daniel W.B. Lomas,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:57:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2013.794569,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044043385,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044043385,2014.0,2023.0,2013.0,,1.0 3718,A deceptive estimate? The politics of irregular troop numbers in Vietnam,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.781339,"Director of Central Intelligence Richard Helms has received a great deal of criticism for his role in the conflict between the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the US military over Communist strength in the Vietnam War. Specifically, he has been charged with ordering his subordinates to “cave” into accepting the military's lower numbers for political reasons. However, the evidence casts doubt on the claim that it was his influence that forced an end to the debate – and on the notion that he could or should have pushed the higher numbers through. Moreover, an analysis of the stakes involved in the “numbers game” reveals much about the interested parties' perceptions of the war itself, ultimately bringing into question the possibility that one can “know one's enemy” without first understanding him, and suggesting that any attempt to fight a war without doing so is inevitably self-delusive.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8Y5FXE3S,2013-06-01,Brian D. Blankenship,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:56:45Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/16161262.2013.781339,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065192727,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065192727,2020.0,2020.0,2013.0,,7.0 3719,Surveillance of peace movements in Denmark during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.755020,This paper portrays surveillance of peace movements in Denmark during the Cold War. It is demonstrated that the Danish police viewed the Danish peace movement as divided into two categories. One group originated from the liberal peace tradition with ties to the Liberal Party and the Social Liberal Party. The other category had a pro-Soviet outlook and was affiliated with the World Peace Council. The paper is based on research carried out by a Danish Commission of Inquiry that investigated surveillance of political activities conducted by the Danish police 1945–89. The Commission had unimpeded access to all official Danish archives including the files of the Danish Security and Intelligence Service.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E78W82GG,2013-01-01,Rasmus Mariager,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:55:30Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2013.755020,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2076042998,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076042998,2021.0,2021.0,2013.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2013.755020?needAccess=true,8.0 3720,Palestine 1948: the cryptography of the Arab volunteers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.755018,"The Army of Sacred Jihad and the Rescue Army were the two main forces which fought for the Arab side in the 1948 Palestine war, prior to the invasion of the Arab regular armies. It is the purpose of this article to examine the cryptography of these two militias and show how their attempt to develop reliable ciphers failed, which was both a symptom and a factor in their general failure in the Palestine war against the Jews.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/INBTJCIW,2013-01-01,Eliezer Tauber,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:54:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'EJW4BLAR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2013.755018,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073077282,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073077282,2019.0,2019.0,2013.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2013.755018?needAccess=true,6.0 3721,The Intelligence Services and the Mass Media in Spain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2009.10555167,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NM9CQ2SW,2009-06-01,Antonio M. Díaz Fernández,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:52:00Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2009.10555167,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1552778195,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1552778195,2017.0,2023.0,2009.0,,8.0 3722,German Intelligence Organizations and the Media,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2009.10555166,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ATEYFY9Z,2009-06-01,Sigurd Hess,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:51:36Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2009.10555166,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1598231757,47.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1598231757,2014.0,2024.0,2009.0,,5.0 3723,Reporting from El Salvador: A Case Study in Participant Observation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2009.10555165,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TUSWP2CT,2009-06-01,Michael Chanan,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:51:06Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2009.10555165,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2260396726,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2260396726,2015.0,2015.0,2009.0,,6.0 3724,Trial by Media: The Psychological Warfare Background to OSS's Contribution to the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2009.10555164,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KKLA2U8,2009-06-01,Michael Salter,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:49:02Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2009.10555164,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2468895913,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2468895913,2019.0,2019.0,2009.0,,10.0 3725,The Intelligence Connection: West Germany and Taiwan in the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555158,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H3C7RQ83,2008-12-01,Chern Chen,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:48:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2008.10555158,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2244619368,0.0,False,,,,2008.0,, 3726,"Jean Laurent and the Bank of Indochina Circle: Business Networks, Intelligence Operations and Political Intrigues in Wartime France",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555157,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BT7F375E,2008-12-01,Jonathan Marshall,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:48:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2008.10555157,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2259778854,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2259778854,2020.0,2020.0,2008.0,,12.0 3727,Creating an Alternate Foreign Office: A Reassessment of Office VI of the Reich Main Security Office,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555156,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UXAYNU8F,2008-12-01,Katrin Paehler,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:33:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2008.10555156,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1502109639,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1502109639,2017.0,2017.0,2008.0,,9.0 3728,"A Triangle of Deception: Intelligence and Germany's Military Relations with the United States and the Soviet Union, 1919–1939",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555154,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/23K63QRR,2008-12-01,Michael Wala,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:27:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/16161262.2008.10555154,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2250022167,0.0,False,,,,2008.0,, 3729,BLAST WAVE PHYSICS: Conspiracy or coincidence? An amusing footnote to the saga of Manhattan Project espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555153,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VBPCRP5N,2008-12-01,Gene H. McCall,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:26:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2008.10555153,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W281332587,0.0,False,,,,2008.0,, 3730,Latin American Intelligence Services and the Transition to Democracy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555150,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N52RJCHX,2008-06-01,Kevin Ginter,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:25:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2008.10555150,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2263261084,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2263261084,2017.0,2024.0,2008.0,,9.0 3731,The Place of Unofficial Employees (IMs) in the GDR's System of Governance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555149,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W5C4HR7V,2008-06-01,"Helmut Müller-Enbergs, Jens Wegener",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:24:32Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/16161262.2008.10555149,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2316217166,0.0,False,,,,2008.0,, 3732,The Spy Who Came in for the Gold: A Skeptical View of the GTVANQUISH Case,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555148,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QS7P3HFM,2008-06-01,Benjamin B. Fischer,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:24:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2008.10555148,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2246098915,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2246098915,2015.0,2017.0,2008.0,,7.0 3733,The Failure of Indian Intelligence in the Sino-Indian Conflict,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555147,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q4UH4MN3,2008-06-01,Prem Mahadevan,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:23:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2008.10555147,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1830439536,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1830439536,2017.0,2026.0,2008.0,,9.0 3734,German Intelligence and the Flight of Rudolf Hess,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2007.10555144,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4CF9TQVR,2007-12-01,Craig Graham McKay,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:20:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2007.10555144,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2342002501,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 3735,Archangel: CIA's Supersonic A-12 Reconnaissance Aircraft,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2007.10555143,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GJHVFJLA,2007-12-01,David Robarge,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:20:15Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'PBHFUE8W']",10.1080/16161262.2007.10555143,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2554566041,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2554566041,2015.0,2015.0,2007.0,,8.0 3736,"Trying to Safeguard the Impossible: South Africa's Apartheid Intelligence in Africa, 1961–1994",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2007.10555142,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q2IAFGBR,2007-12-01,Roger Pfister,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:19:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2007.10555142,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W213242959,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W213242959,2019.0,2024.0,2007.0,,12.0 3737,"Fiction, Facts, and Forgeries: The “Revelations” of Peter and Martin Allen about the History of the Second World War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555127,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8UWF4V6T,2006-06-01,Ernst Haiger,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:18:20Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2006.10555127,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1586658073,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 3738,The GDR—As Seen by the Federal German Foreign Intelligence Agency (BND) 1985–1990,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555126,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W9R7CCRK,2006-06-01,Hans-Georg Wieck,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:17:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2006.10555126,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2346769517,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 3739,The Historical Evolution of Canada's Foreign Intelligence Capability: Cold War SIGINT Strategy and its Legacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555125,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K3ZM62I6,2006-06-01,Martin Rudner,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:17:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2006.10555125,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W970152070,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W970152070,2019.0,2023.0,2006.0,,13.0 3740,Hopeless Mission: Sir Roger Casement in Imperial Germany,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555123,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/46WZ7VXT,2006-06-01,Reinhard R. Doerries,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:16:49Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/16161262.2006.10555123,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2565664373,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 3741,"Neglected Intelligence: How the British Government Failed to Quell the Ulster Volunteer Force, 1912–1914",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555122,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EM2KHWVJ,2006-06-01,Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:16:29Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/16161262.2006.10555122,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W810354288,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W810354288,2020.0,2022.0,2006.0,,14.0 3742,The Iranian Crisis and the Dynamics of Advice and Intelligence in the Carter Administration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555133,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NWATZ8M4,2006-12-01,Penelope Kinch,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:16:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2006.10555133,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W228661777,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W228661777,2015.0,2015.0,2006.0,,9.0 3743,"2 SAS Regiment, War Crimes Investigations, and British Intelligence: Intelligence Officials and the Natzweiler Trial",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555131,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9QC8K9TZ,2006-12-01,Lorie Charlesworth,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:15:29Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2006.10555131,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2464299459,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 3744,Hunting for Interwar European Diplomacy Secrets: Tradecraft of Dmitry Bystrolyotov,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555130,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QV7KIBZ3,2006-12-01,Emil Draitser,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:15:14Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/16161262.2006.10555130,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W822065759,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 3745,“Mademoiselle Docteur”: The Life and Service of Imperial Germany's Only Female Intelligence Officer,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2005.10555119,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JLRL4LVZ,2005-12-01,Hanne Hieber,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T12:14:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/16161262.2005.10555119,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W749720483,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W749720483,2014.0,2025.0,2005.0,,9.0 3746,Enhancing the ‘Intelligence Studies Network’ website,Blog post,https://medium.com/@yaliozkan/enhancing-the-intelligence-studies-network-website-13aa0c80f7f4,"The ‘Intelligence studies network’ website is now 1 year old (created in December 2022)! Initially, I created this site as a testing ground…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BF5ISXI6,2024-01-20T09:37:27.514Z,Yusuf Ali Ozkan,,,2024-02-03T11:25:48Z,['CN9F5URY'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3747,Introduction to ‘Intelligence studies bibliography’,Blog post,https://medium.com/@yaliozkan/introduction-to-intelligence-studies-network-ed63461d1353,Welcome to the newly released & updated Intelligence studies network website. It doesn’t matter whether you are an academic or just an…,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XILW6HPT,2023-12-26,Yusuf Ali Ozkan,,,2024-02-03T11:25:16Z,"['CN9F5URY', 'H28QZ8XV']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3748,Spying From Space,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/spying-space,How a surge in satellites will revolutionize intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TRVI5Q3F,2024-02-02,David Zikusoka,,Foreign Affairs,2024-02-03T11:09:37Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3749,Turkey Israel: 'Seven arrested for passing information to Mossad',Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68185713,"President Erdogan has warned Israel of ""serious consequences"" if it targets Hamas on Turkish soil.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JDUAYF4I,2024-02-02,Robert Greenall,,BBC News,2024-02-03T11:08:53Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3750,Humanitarian Intelligence: A Practitioner's Guide to Crisis Analysis and Project Design,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442249493/Humanitarian-Intelligence-A-Practitioners-Guide-to-Crisis-Analysis-and-Project-Design,"This book is the first to provide an overview and a practical guide to the tools and methods of data gathering and assessment, standards of measurement in humanitarian action, interpretation strat...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PKE8XZVV,2016-10-01,Andrej Zwitter,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-02-03T10:59:43Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3751,Spies and Sparrows: ASIO and the Cold War,Book,https://www.mup.com.au/books/spies-and-sparrows-electronic-book-text,"In the wake of the Second World War and the realisation that the Soviet Union had set up extensive espionage networks around the world, Australia responded by establishing its own spy-hunting agency: ASIO. By the 1950s its counterespionage activities were increasingly supplemented by attempts at countersubversion - identifying individuals and organisations suspected of activities that threatened n...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W9X9QCE7,2022-02-01,Philip Deery,Melbourne University Press,,2024-02-03T10:53:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3752,AFIO’s Guide to the Study of Intelligence: Edited by Peter C Oleson,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/74,"AFIO’s Guide to the Study of IntelligenceEdited by Peter C Oleson Association of Former Intelligence Officers: FallsChurch, VA2016, softcover, 740 pagesISBN–13: 978-0-9975273-0-8",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X9TU4CD9,2017,Henry Prunckun,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:53:05Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3753,Dark Side of Clarity: Its Effect on Knowledge Production and Decision-Making,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/69,"Law enforcement decision-makers rely on intelligence analysts to produce intelligence products that are clear. Yet, intelligence analysts live in a world characterised by ambiguity and information overload. This paper examines the intellectual journey that leads to clarity of thought, and the effect of the dark side of clarity on producing knowledge for decision-making. The paper asked, how does the dark side of clarity manifest itself to analyst and decision-maker? The result is counterintuitive; while the bright side of clarity is expected, and demanded because of its benefit to decision-making, the dark side of clarity co-exists in the shadows of certainty and makes it difficult to think critically. Neither analyst nor decision-maker is likely aware of this negative effect. To make this dark side of clarity visible, recommendations are made that begin with raising analyst awareness by augmenting existing training. Then, decision-maker awareness can be approached through training and facilitated coaching.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DLQACX62,2017,Adrian Wolfberg,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:52:34Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3754,Inter-Organisational Relationships between Intelligence and Law Enforcement Organisations: What are the Options and How are they Different?,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/issue-02-number-03-shortt,"In the second decade of the twenty-first century, intelligence and law enforcement organisations are working more closely together than ever before. The security challenges they collectively face are complex, and “wicked” in nature. No public sector organisation is capable of achieving success alone in this area in the way envisaged when siloed, functional departments and agencies were created to deliver government policy outcomes. In working together, a variety of relationships are entered into that move organisations from positions of autonomy in their day-to-day activities, towards situations where mergers with other organisations could be the outcome. But, do those involved appreciate the difference between, say, cooperating and collaborating? Scholars agree that the language of relationships is often used interchangeably, even casually. So do intelligence and law enforcement organisations really appreciate the types of engagement they are entering into? More importantly perhaps, what they will require of them? This paper discusses the limited variety of interorganisational relationships that exist as well as the differences between them. It focuses on the language that is used to describe intelligence and law enforcement relationships so that that relationship can become clearer. This, it is posited, will assist those engaging in, or researching, such relationships to discern what is actually meant when they are spoken of or written about.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y4DIRGAS,2014-03-01,Richard Shortt,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:52:06Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3755,"Intelligence: A Risk too Far, or ‘Dignity and Justice for All of Us?’",Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/issue-01-number-02-beckley,"This study takes the form of a critical discussion that examines the growth of surveillance and intrusion into the privacy of Australian citizens for the ostensible purpose of gathering intelligence and maintaining security. It investigates the history of the growth of surveillance during the last decade and comments on the intrusion on privacy by public sector organisations, but mainly focuses on the growth in data harvesting carried out by private sector or quasi-governmental outsourced organisations while noting the lack of accountability of such agencies. It examined the level of intrusion, the possible uses of the data, along with outcomes and issues of incursion into citizens’ privacy. The study analysed selected cases were data had been gathered by some (but not all) modern methods of gathering intelligence, such as closed circuit television (CCTV); travel and transport; private communications, social media; DNA sampling and databases. It quantified the effects of intelligence gathering, identifying and analysing cases where organisations had exceeded their powers in obtaining data and recommended several means of ensuring proper accountability and the implications for government policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H3QEHVYX,2013-03-01,Alan Beckley,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:51:47Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3756,"Benefits, Challenges, and Pitfalls of Private Intelligence",Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/issue-01-number-02-palmer,"It was my pleasure to give the opening address at the Privatisation of Intelligence Symposium hosted by Charles Sturt University and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security. In this paper I draw from that address, my policing career and my involvement in key strategic and operational reviews and inquiries on behalf of government. My focus is to discuss from a practitioner’s perspective, core concepts of intelligence and information sharing in the Australian context. It is underpinned by the fact that the privatisation of intelligence is a reality and has been for some years. With this as the starting point, I go on to challenge policy concepts that do not recognise this reality and assess the benefits, challenges and pitfalls of the privatisation of intelligenceand intelligence sharing in Australia. I conclude with remarks about what this might portent for future policing and policy leaders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F9MA63SW,2013-03-01,Mick Palmer,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:51:18Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'R2V36RN8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3757,“We’re the Ones that Stand Up and Tell You the Truth”: Necessity of Ethical Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/60,"The concept of ethical intelligence is sometimes cited as an oxymoron. However, as the ultimate responsibility for intelligence agencies work lies with the government of the day, it is posited that intelligence-related decisions are ethically sound. This is because ethical standards provide the confidence that decisions can be judged fairly, giving governments legitimacy to carrying out what may otherwise be considered questionable activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9C6QIHRY,2016,Nathan J. Phillips,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:50:59Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3758,Extending the Theoretical Structure of Intelligence to Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/issue-02-number-02-prunckun,"This paper consolidates the author’s view on his holistic theory of counterintelligence. Based on the author’s previously published research, this paper advances a theory that used a “grounded theory” approach. The study’s specific purpose was to explore the theoretical base that underscores counterintelligence. Data were collected by means of a survey of the existing intelligence literature and a thematic analysis to develop the theory’s propositions. The resulting theory is articulated in three axioms and four principles. The axioms are: surprise, all-source data collection, and universal targeting. The principles are grouped according to defensive counterintelligence (deterrence and detection), and offensive counterintelligence (detection—which is shared with defensive—deception, and neutralisation). The central conclusion is that counterintelligence is not a security function per se. Even though counterintelligence incorporates security, it has at its core analysis and acts as the keystone that holds other forms of intelligence work together.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DBSUEV39,2014-03-01,Henry Prunckun,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:50:46Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3759,"Combating Political Police: An Overview of National Action’s Counterintelligence Program, 1982–1990",Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/issue-01-number-02-whitford,"During the mid to late 1980s the radical nationalist group National Action was targeted by domestic intelligence agencies. Known as “Operation Odessa” it was part of Australian Security Intelligence Organisation’s program to combat what it saw as a rise in politically motivated violence. ASIO and state police Special Branch officers placed the group under surveillance and sent agents to disrupt meetings and recruit informants. Concurrently, National Action had developed its own counterintelligence program structuring the group in an effort to preserve secrecy, educating its membership in situational awareness and designating a senior member as an intelligence officer. Ultimately National Action counterintelligence program was unable to match the highly resourced government agencies and internal discipline issues meant the group was eventually disbanded. However, National Action’s effort to develop a counterintelligence program provides some examples of what low resourced Issue Motivated Groups are capable of achieving.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6MTYLTE4,2013-03-01,Troy Whitford,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:45:49Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3760,Prolegomena to Intelligence Studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/54,"This paper discusses the development of the academic field of inquiry known as intelligence studies. After noting the historical and global context, the paper observes at the development of intelligence studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It argues that for intelligence studies discipline to make advancements like those seen in other academic disciplines, it needs to adhere to the scientific method of inquiry, which is, after all, the hallmark of scholarly inquires.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BAKE66MX,2016,Maid Pajevic,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:45:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3761,Proactive Intelligence: The Successful Executive’s Guide to Intelligence: by John J. McGonagle and Carolyn M. Vella,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/49,"Proactive Intelligence: The Successful Executive’s Guide to Intelligenceby John J. McGonagle and Carolyn M. Vella Springer, London2012, 275 pagesISBN-978-1-4471-2741-3",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XGL2E8R9,2015,Dale Fehringer,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:44:54Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3762,Public and Private Intelligence: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/issue-01-number-02-delaforce,"Intelligence is often regarded as information that is special or different, which must be safely kept. When sought, collected or used by the private sector, as opposed to public agencies, concerns are raised on the purpose and propriety of such an activity. However, in an historical context, intelligence collection or sharing between public and private interests for the purpose of national security was not unusual, particularly during the Cold War. Case studies from this era indicate that overlapping concerns were economic success combined with political strategy. Glimpses of these shared interests between the state and business can also be identified in the immediate post-Cold War era, and the aftermath of terrorist attacks in 2001. Perhaps the greatest contemporary change is not that “private” and “public “intelligence is shared between business and state, but the extent of such an enterprise. Further issues related to this change are: state dominance in the public-private relationship; potential fragmentation in the intelligence process; gaps in the historical record; and implications for future generations of intelligence professionals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CBUXLZGE,2013-03-01,Ruth Delaforce,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:44:39Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'R2V36RN8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3763,First Principles of Intelligence Analysis: Theorising a Model for Secret Research,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/40,"Leveraging off of the author’s previously published research, this paper advances a set of first principles for a paradigm on intelligence analysis. The study used a grounded theory approach to explain a theoretical framework about “secret research.” Data were collected by means of a survey of the subject literature on intelligence, and thematic analysis was used to develop the theory’s propositions from these unstructured (i.e. qualitative) data. The resulting theory is a system of propositions that is coexistent rather than being sequential. The theory’s six propositions state that intelligence research is: 1) conducted in secret, 2) identified within the intelligence cycle process so that data collection and analysis can be problem focused. In this regard, intelligence analysis can be 3) offensive as well as 4) defensive, but 5) it must be timely, and 6) its findings need to be defensible. The proposition of defensibility comprises seven research methodological axioms: 1) data must be valid and 2) reliable, and when possible, the research methods employed should use: 3) randomness, 4) experimental design; 5) pre- and post-tests, 6) inferential statistical tests, and 7) multiple measures of observing the data.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FDFHJITN,2015,Henry Prunckun,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:44:31Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3764,The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Olympic Intelligence Centre: Lessons Learned from Working with the Olympic Sponsors and the Private Sector,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/issue-01-number-02-wilkinson,"This paper is a reflective discussion that critically describes the role of the Olympic Intelligence Centre (OIC) played in the delivery of a safe and secure London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. In particular, it examines how the OIC worked with the Olympic Sponsors and the wider private sector to provide them with the classified intelligence and information they needed to play their role in the safety and security operation effectively. Issues discussed include the cultural, statutory and systemic challenges that had to be overcome; how relationships were built to allay concerns and build trust and confidence; and the process that was put into place to allow the exchange of classified intelligence that supported the Sponsors and private sector in their operation. It details how the OIC worked with Sponsors to allow them in turn to exchange intelligence they held in their systems with the OIC, thus completing the intelligence cycle, enhancing the security operation. The article concludes with an outline of the lessons learned that were deduced through a reflective process and are offered to practitioners for consideration in future intelligence work involving the private sector.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9TMBIWD5,2013-03-01,Sue Wilkinson,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:44:22Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3765,Imperial Japanese Army Intelligence in North and Central China During the Second Sino-Japanese War,Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/issue-02-number-02-hall,"The Japanese today seek to improve their national intelligence apparatus, particularly in relation to human intelligence assets and higher echelon coordination. To be successful, Japan must examine its wartime past in the intelligence field. The Imperial Japanese Army maintained a prolific intelligence presence in North and Central China during the Second World War. Its intelligence apparatus encompassed all aspects of information collection, with considerable overlap between intelligence organisations in an effort to avoid gaps in intelligence coverage. Japan’s intelligence system in North and Central China was nevertheless inefficient, exacerbated by inherent weaknesses and reactive rather than proactive alterations throughout the course of the conflict. This paper examines this lack of efficacy within Japan’s intelligence system during the Second Sino-Japanese conflict, and the efforts made to overcome difficulties faced by Japanese intelligence in North and Central China throughout this period.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DWF2EYPM,2014-03-01,Simon Hall,,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:43:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3766,"Discreet, Not Covert: Reflections on Teaching Intelligence Analysis in a Non- Government Setting",Journal article,https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/71,"This paper discusses some of the challenges in teaching intelligence gathering and analysis to non-government organisations (NGOs). It used Gibb’s reflective model to assess the teaching impact because the model allowed the workshop convenors a structure to form their thoughts and observations. The teaching reflections in this paper are based on an intelligence gathering workshop conducted in Sri Lanka to NGOs working in the South Asian region. The paper reports on several pedagogical and cultural challenges that were encountered in delivering the workshop. In chief, the participants were culturally South East Asian, and before this workshop they had no exposure to intelligence gathering techniques. However, once presented, the members of the workshop could see reason for using intelligence gathering techniques for their own planning and security measures. A notable pedagogical issue was the workshop participants’ reluctance to use or trust police/intelligence and military terms and concepts. Subsequently, the workshop facilitators, who were not South East Asian, attempted to adopt a different lexicon more suited to social science, rather than a military or intelligence vocabulary. Using a social science lexicon also allowed for scaffolding existing knowledge possessed by participants to an intelligence analysis framework. Underlining this workshop experience is an assessment of the efficacy of teaching intelligence gathering and analysis skills to NGOs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B4DAMFPU,2017,"Troy Whitford, Henry Prunckun",,Salus Journal,2024-02-03T10:43:10Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'H28QZ8XV']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3767,Double Agent Snow: The Beginnings of the Double Cross Network,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/89436-double-agent-snow-the-beginnings-of-the-double-cross-network,"Double agent SNOW, who was described by British intelligence officers as an “underfed rat”, did not seem destined to play a significant part in Britain’s World War Two strategy. Before and during the war, he worked for both German and British intelligence. Where his true loyalty lay remains, to this day, unclear. He was the first member of “Double Cross”, a network which would go on to include more than 100 double agents under British control. The lack of compartmentalisation meant that this dubious agent could jeopardise many others. Despite his duplicity, he allowed British officials to discover the strengths and weaknesses of the German intelligence services and of their own agencies. He was a true asset who helped achieve cryptanalytic breakthroughs and who contributed to foiling numerous espionage attempts on British soil. Above all, his handling was a cornerstone for British intelligence in that it taught case officers how to run a double agent, the risks entailed, and the benefits they could draw from it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8VYWZMQA,2023-10-27,Mona Parra,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:39:57Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.18278/gsis.8.1.6,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388789721,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://hal.science/hal-04289548, 3768,"The Threat of China’s MSS: American Universities, Corporations, and Overseas Intelligence Operations",Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/89432-the-threat-of-china-s-mss-american-universities-corporations-and-overseas-intelligence-operations,"The intelligence community in the United States is widely regarded as one of the most advanced in the world. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the National Security Agency (NSA), and others have long played a vital role in protecting the nation’s national security interests, especially amid growing totalitarianism and extremist worldwide. Unfortunately, several countries wish harm upon the United States and its allies, which means that their respective intelligence communities tend to be fixated upon objectives detrimental to American national security interests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QK5UCBU2,2023-10-27,William Hubbell,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:39:33Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.18278/gsis.8.1.2,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3769,Connecting the Intelligence Ethics Debate to Practice,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/74176-connecting-the-intelligence-ethics-debate-to-practice,"Intelligence professionals work in classified and uncertain environments fraught with morally complex choices, and the United States (U.S.) government limits intelligence activity through ethical guidelines. Are these policies sufficient? Scholars have suggested a variety of frameworks for defining the ethical limits of targets and methods, but no study has conducted a methodical review of U.S. guidance. The central research question for this paper is what ethical code does the U.S. government desire members of the IC to adopt? This research selected a qualitative methodology with a directed content analysis as the research method to answer the research question. The authors code ethical themes and evaluate the state of IC ethics through traditional theoretical frameworks of ethics. By revealing patterns and collective assessments of the U.S. ethical code, the purpose of this paper is to better inform policy makers and the scholarly debate about the state of intelligence ethics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FZKLIADK,2023/4/4,"Caleb L. Jenkins, David J. Kritz",Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:38:22Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.18278/gsis.7.2.5,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3770,Intelligence Communities and the Media— The Case of the Danish Spymaster Lars Findsen,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/37630-intelligence-communities-and-the-media-the-case-of-the-danish-spymaster-lars-findsen,"Media is often used by intelligence agencies to spread propaganda and information but is also used as an important source of open information. Although not all journalists are spies, intelligence officers often work undercover as journalists, allowing them to ask questions and be “noisy” without giving rise to suspicions (Braden, 1977). Indeed, media is also in need of intelligence agencies, for protection, but also for “leaks” from intelligence agencies which gives media material for reporting and discussions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A76MLTCD,2022-08-11,Ardavan M. Khoshnood,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:37:45Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],10.18278/gsis.7.1.9,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4291164751,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4291164751,2026.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/37630.pdf,4.0 3771,Coming Together: Strengthening the Intelligence Community Through Cognitive Diversity,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/37623-coming-together-strengthening-the-intelligence-community-through-cognitive-diversity,"In the 2019 National Intelligence Strategy of the United States of America, the word integrate, or a variation of the word, was depicted 51 times. Of the seven enterprise objectives set by the Director of National Intelligence, the first two focus on integration of mission and business management. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that cognitive diversity can both enable and inhibit cooperation, is dependent upon leadership style, and can lead to real-world implications that move from strategy to execution. If the Intelligence Community has a cognitively diverse workforce, then innovation is more likely to occur and remain sustainable. A qualitative methodology was used to address the question: How can cognitive diversity increase integration endeavors across the 18 agencies to achieve the Intelligence Community’s Vision and support the Mission? Findings substantiate the importance of cognitive diversity to problem solve, work through complexity, and improve decision-making during times of crisis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IX2CW9SJ,2022/8/11,David Kritz,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:37:25Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.18278/gsis.7.1.3,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4291162317,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/37623.pdf, 3772,"The Counterterrorism Conundrum: Understanding Terrorist Organizations, Ideological Warfare and Strategies for Counterintelligence-Based Counterterrorism",Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/25511-the-counterterrorism-conundrum-understanding-terrorist-organizations-ideological-warfare-and-strategies-for-counterintelligence-based-counterterrori,"This red cell analysis illustrates through case studies the capacities and capabilities of the Islamic State (IS) terror organization at its peak, and the Haqqani Network over time as individual organizations, including their origins, ideology, leadership, organizational structures, and operational capabilities, to examine global terrorism with a focus on the ideological warfare challenges of combatting radical Islamic terrorism. These organizations’ connections to al Qaeda and the parts they play in the greater rising threat of global radical Islamic terrorism are established in order to frame global terrorism from a strategic historical standpoint to evaluate counterterrorism strategies for the future. The author presents strategy recommendations for the United States Intelligence Community (IC) and policy makers to effectively address the national and global security threats posed by transnational terrorism, using a combination of strategic counterintelligence and targeted ground operations, along with an original seven-principle approach to effective counterterrorism operations, as well as a broader strategy for targeting the ideological roots of radical Islamic terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D3EJXM45,2021-08-02,Joshua E. Duke,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:36:15Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.18278/gsis.6.1.6,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3212945364,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/25511.pdf, 3773,"The Conduct of Intelligence in Democracies: Processes, Practices, Cultures",Book,https://www.rienner.com/title/The_Conduct_of_Intelligence_in_Democracies_Processes_Practices_Cultures,"What are the role and place of secret services and covert operations in democratic settings? How do states balance the need for both secrecy and openness? What are the challenges to creating effective intelligence practices? Focusing on these crucial questions, the authors of The Conduct of Intelligence in Democracies examine the purposes and processes of intelligence communities in today's security environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M347CRB5,2019,"Florina C. Matei, Carolyn C. Halladay",Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-02-03T10:33:51Z,['NWAKWPT7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3774,What’s Thinking Got To Do With It? The Challenge of Evaluating and Testing Critical Thinking in Potential Intelligence Analysts,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27832-what-s-thinking-got-to-do-with-it-the-challenge-of-evaluating-and-testing-critical-thinking-in-potential-intelligence-analysts,"This paper examines the need for critical thinking skills in intelligence analysts (IA) in the twenty-first century, with the proliferation of false and misleading information, including the weaponization of information and Big Data.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/37HKTAQK,2020-01-01,Margaret S. Marangione,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:32:49Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3775,"Reasoning for Intelligence Analysts: A Multidimensional Approach of Traits, Techniques, and Targets",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442272309/Reasoning-for-Intelligence-Analysts-A-Multidimensional-Approach-of-Traits-Techniques-and-Targets,"The goal of Reasoning for Intelligence Analysts is to address the three distinct dimensions of an analyst’s thinking: the person of the analyst (their traits), the processes they use (their techniques), and the problems they face (their targets). Based on a decade of academic research and university teaching in a program for aspiring intelligence analysts, this multidimensional approach will help the reader move beyond the traditional boundaries of accumulating knowledge or critical thinking with techniques to assess the unique targets of reasoning in the information age. This approach is not just a set of techniques, but covers all elements of reasoning by discussing the personal, procedural, and problem-specific aspects. It also addresses key challenges, such as uncertain data, irrelevant or misleading information, indeterminate outcomes, and significance for clients through an extensive examination of hypothesis development, causal analysis, futures exploration, and strategy assessment. Both critical and creative thinking, which are essential to reasoning in intelligence, are integrated throughout. Structured around independently readable chapters, this text offers a systematic approach to reasoning a long with an extensive toolkit that will serve the needs of both students and intelligence professionals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DCVCKCDI,2018-03-01,Noel Hendrickson,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-02-03T10:31:27Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3776,Considering Context as a Factor in HUMINT Collection and Analysis: A Voice from the Field,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27815-considering-context-as-a-factor-in-humint-collection-and-analysis-a-voice-from-the-field,"The analysis presented in this report focuses on the U.S.–China dynamics, but it highlights phenomena that exist with any cross-cultural context involving two or more countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EZSHJZSC,2019/1/1,Jim Schnell,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:30:46Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3777,Forging Consensus? Approaches to Assessment in Intelligence Studies Programs,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27811-forging-consensus-approaches-to-assessment-in-intelligence-studies-programs,"While the intelligence studies literature has given substantial attention to program learning objectives and pedagogy, there is not substantive exploration of assessment structures in these programs. This is significant, because in the absence of any centralized structure to define key learning objectives in the field, exploring assessment structures provides “ground truth” on what intelligence studies programs are actually trying to accomplish.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4GJTJVIM,2019/1/1,Jonathan C. Smith,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:30:31Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3778,Library of Spies: Building an Intelligence Reading List that Meets your Needs,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27823-library-of-spies-building-an-intelligence-reading-list-that-meets-your-needs,"A desirable quality in any field, the intelligence candidate or employee who actively seeks to better themselves through new knowledge and experiences is worth more to an organization. Candidates or employees who are life-long learners should be sought out or retained at a higher cost, respectively, as they will guarantee a more rounded, adaptable, and innovative mindset to an intelligence operation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M76YG5HN,2019/1/1,Erik Kleinsmith,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:29:58Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3779,Strategic Warning and Anticipating Surprise: Assessing the Education and Training of Intelligence Analysts,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27802-strategic-warning-and-anticipating-surprise-assessing-the-education-and-training-of-intelligence-analysts,"The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which these undergraduate degree programs are providing students the requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities to become intelligence analysts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GRNCI2H2,2018/1/1,"Richard J. Kilroy Jr, Katie Brooks",Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:28:43Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'CZJ36V8L', 'H28QZ8XV']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3780,Teaching Intelligence Analysis: An Academic and Practitioner Discussion,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27759-teaching-intelligence-analysis-an-academic-and-practitioner-discussion,"This article summarizes the views shared by the roundtable participants regarding how they approach teaching intelligence analysis, to include pedagogy; methodology; learning outcomes; assessment methods; course content; use of analytical tools and structured analytical techniques; and simulations and exercises.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JAM6FXBF,2017-01-01,"Richard J. Kilroy, Jr",Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:27:10Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3781,Peer Review Skill Development in Intelligence Education,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27757-peer-review-skill-development-in-intelligence-education,"We identify three areas of pedagogical concern to aid in overcoming the challenges of acquiring information from multidisciplinary sources in geographically distributed locations and analyzing that information in a collaborative manner: developing the concept of an externalized analytical thought process among students trained via the lecture/rote memory model; developing the concept of sharing information, i.e., collaboration, among students trained via the individualist/competitive model; and developing the concept of formally critiquing the work of fellow students, i.e., peer review, among students trained that only the teacher has the answers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XLWMWR4X,2017-01-01,"John Andrews, Dale Nute",Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:26:34Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3782,Teaching the Intelligence Collection Disciplines: The Effectiveness of Experiential Learning as a Pedagogical Technique,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27756-teaching-the-intelligence-collection-disciplines-the-effectiveness-of-experiential-learning-as-a-pedagogical-technique,"Teaching intelligence collection within an academic setting can be difficult because of the clandestine nature of tradecraft and sources of intelligence. One course titled “Intelligence Planning, Collection and Processing,” offered as part of the undergraduate Homeland Security program at St. John’s University, requires students to engage in intelligence collection projects. Specifically, students are required to use techniques taught in class to plan, conduct, and process intelligence from open sources, human sources, and geospatial sources.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WIV66QMB,2017-01-01,Keith Cozine,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:26:16Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3783,Teaching the Millennial Intelligence Analyst,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27754-teaching-the-millennial-intelligence-analyst,"This paper examines the conclusions of researchers regarding the millennial generation and their unique challenges as students and intelligence analysts (IAs), and determines that a carefully crafted framework of coursework can be correlated and a curriculum built to the core competencies of ICD 610, as well as take into account the unique variables of millennial intelligence analysts and the needs of the intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DHJA6TER,2017-01-01,Margaret S. Marangione,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:25:36Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3784,The Billion Dollar Spy: A True Story of Cold War Espionage and Betrayal,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/226473/the-billion-dollar-spy-by-david-e-hoffman/,"It was the height of the Cold War, and a dangerous time to be stationed in the Soviet Union. One evening, while the chief of the CIA’s Moscow station was filling his gas tank, a stranger approached and dropped a note into the car. The chief, suspicious of a KGB trap, ignored the overture. But the man had made up his mind. His attempts to establish contact with the CIA would be rebuffed four times before he thrust upon them an envelope whose contents would stun U.S. intelligence. In the years that followed, that man, Adolf Tolkachev, became one of the most valuable spies ever for the U.S. But these activities posed an enormous personal threat to Tolkachev and his American handlers. They had clandestine meetings in parks and on street corners, and used spy cameras, props, and private codes, eluding the ever-present KGB in its own backyard—until a shocking betrayal put them all at risk.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z3WDAN3L,2016-05-10,David E. Hoffman,Penguin Random House,,2024-02-03T10:23:25Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3785,On Intelligence: The History of Espionage and the Secret World,Book,https://www.littlebrown.co.uk/titles/john-hughes-wilson-2/on-intelligence/9781472122070/,"This book is a professional military-intelligence officer’s and a controversial insider’s view of some of the greatest intelligence blunders of recent history. It includes the serious developments in government misuse of intelligence in the recent war with Iraq. Colonel John Hughes-Wilson analyses not just the events that conspire to cause disaster, but why crucial intelligence is so often ignored, misunderstood or spun by politicians and seasoned generals alike. This book analyses: how Hitler’s intelligence staff misled him in a bid to outfox their Nazi Party rivals; the bureaucratic bungling behind Pearl Harbor; how in-fighting within American intelligence ensured they were taken off guard by the Viet Cong’s 1968 Tet Offensive; how over confidence, political interference and deception facilitated Egypt and Syria’s 1973 surprise attack on Israel; why a handful of marines and a London taxicab were all Britain had to defend the Falklands; the mistaken intelligence that allowed Saddam Hussein to remain in power until the second Iraq War of 2003; the truth behind the US failure to run a terrorist warning system before the 9/11 WTC bombing; and how governments are increasingly pressurising intelligence agencies to ‘spin’ the party-political line.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3VKZ37X8,2016-03-01,John Hughes-Wilson,"Little, Brown Book Group",,2024-02-03T10:21:11Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3786,The Assassination of Fakhrizadeh—A Major Iranian Counterintelligence Failure,Journal article,https://www.apus.edu/docs/apus/-/journals/gsis/gsis-06-01.pdf,"The assassination of Iranian top nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh is one of numerous assassinations in Iran conducted by foreign powers ever since 2007. In the past six months, assassins have in addition to Fakhrizadeh also been able to kill Al-Qaida’s no. 2 on Iranian soil. The three most important organizations in the Iranian intelligence community are the Ministry of Intelligence, as well as the Intelligence Organization and Intelligence Protection Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. There is no doubt that the assassination of Fakhrizadeh is a counterintelligence failure; however, there are indications that the Iranian intelligence community have been compromised. The assassins of Fakhrizadeh had accurate information about Fakhrizadeh and his security details. Because of this breach, Iran will conduct serious reforms in its intelligence community and may also eliminate individuals it suspects work on behalf of foreign powers and may have leaked information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HYSDSM7P,2021-03-01,Ardavan Khoshnood,,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:06:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.18278/gsis.6.1.9,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3195764211,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3195764211,2023.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/25514.pdf,2.0 3787,Academic Intelligence Programs in the United States: Exploring the Training and Tradecraft Debate,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27774-academic-intelligence-programs-in-the-united-states-exploring-the-training-and-tradecraft-debate,"The delineation between intelligence education and training may not be so stark, largely because of the educational and social science underpinnings of analytic tradecraft and competencies, as well as various issues in IC training and tradecraft. By better connecting professional practice with social science foundations, academic intelligence programs can help create a better transition from education to training.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PNVMFRES,2016/1/1,"Michael Landon-Murray, Stephen Coulthart",Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:18:19Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3788,Propaganda and Intelligence in the Cold War: The NATO information service,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Propaganda-and-Intelligence-in-the-Cold-War-The-NATO-information-service/Risso/p/book/9781138940239,"This book offers the first account of the foundation, organisation and activities of the NATO Information Service (NATIS) during the Cold War. During the Cold War, NATIS was pivotal in bringing national delegations together to discuss their security, information and intelligence concerns and, when appropriate or possible, to devise a common response to the ‘Communist threat’. At the same time, NATIS liaised with bodies like the Atlantic Institute and the Bilderberg group in the attempt to promote a coordinated western response. The NATO archive material also shows that NATIS carried out its own information and intelligence activities. Propaganda and Intelligence in the Cold War provides the first sustained study of the history of NATIS throughout the Cold War. Examining the role of NATIS as a forum for the exchange of ideas and techniques about how to develop and run propaganda programmes, this book presents a sophisticated understanding of the extent to which national information agencies collaborated. By focusing on the degree of cooperation on cultural and information activities, this analysis of NATIS also contributes to the history of NATO as a political alliance and reminds us that NATO was – and still is – primarily a political organisation. This book will be of much interest to students of NATO, Cold War studies, intelligence studies, and IR in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KJQUTA29,2014-01-01,Linda Risso,Routledge,,2024-02-03T10:16:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3789,Anthropological Theory and Intelligence,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27766-anthropological-theory-and-intelligence,"This article is a review of anthropological theory that may be of use in intelligence analysis. After addressing the perspectives of both anthropologists and intelligence professionals, it surveys a range of humanistic, scientific and hybrid paradigms, and concludes with a sample of applications of anthropological theory to topics of intelligence and security interest. While noting the limitations of social science and the fact that many theoretical paradigms have potential utility in the intelligence arena, the author proposes that scientifically-minded theories offer, by and large, better prospects for aiding analysts than much recent theory favoring interpretive, postmodern, and critical perspectives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JNSDXRUM,2015-01-01,David W. Kriebel,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:13:36Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3790,Applying a Critical Thinking Framework to Improve Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27765-applying-a-critical-thinking-framework-to-improve-intelligence-analysis,"This study examined an intelligence analysis framework built using specific cognitive critical thinking skills. The framework demonstrated that intelligence analysis did improve, specifically with the novice analysts that participated, and there was demonstrated specificity in the respondents’ analyses. A panel of experts provided insight and content assurance that demonstrated the intelligence analysis and products produced were valuable for use at the tactical level. Finally, this study examined successful historical counterinsurgencies in relation to the analytical framework utilized in order to understand how this analysis leads to operational success.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P34ZZRH4,2015-01-01,"James Hess, Curtis Friedel",Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:12:37Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3791,Business As Usual: The Egyptian–U.S. Intelligence Relationship,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27764-business-as-usual-the-egyptian-u-s-intelligence-relationship,"The aim of this article is to address the question of the future of Egyptian–US intelligence relations through an examination of history and an analysis of the present time. We empirically show that Egypt, while under the leadership of al-Sisi, will return to a ‘Mubarak-era intelligence-sharing relationship’ with the United States. We argue that the events leading up to today, with a short break under the leadership of Morsi, have proven that Egypt and the United States share similar interest in regards to intelligence. Finally, this article discusses the challenges and opportunities regarding the future relationship between Egypt and the US intelligence agencies in context with the newly elected Egyptian President, Abdul Fattah al-Sisi. Despite the changes and challenges, it is our conclusion that Egypt and the United States will return back to their intelligence-sharing relationship, in a “business as usual” manner.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4KQA8RTK,2015-01-01,"Michele Black, Osamah Alhenaki",Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:11:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3792,Operationalizing Intelligence Collection in a Complex World: Bridging the Domestic & Foreign Intelligence Divide,Journal article,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/31565-operationalizing-intelligence-collection-in-a-complex-world-bridging-the-domestic-foreign-intelligence-divide,"Intelligence collection is a powerful US intelligence capability, which has demonstrated its effectiveness in categorizing complex threats. Intelligence collection, however, is not “operationalized” in the sense that it can quickly shift collection capabilities to focus on adaptive threats. Additionally, it is not bridged to effectively function across the domestic and foreign elements of the intelligence communi- ty. Modern-day threats are adaptive, complex, and span national boundaries, while intelligence collection remains largely within its domestic and foreign confines. While there are high-level bodies that coordinate collection, a key gap in the intelligence communi- ty’s approach is an organizational element that operationalizes and bridges domestic and foreign intelligence collection to ensure the community can meet the highest priority threats. This represents a significant seam in the community’s capacity to meet modern-day threats in a complex environment. This conceptual paper uses Hesselbeim’s seven-faceted transformation framework to develop an approach to operationalizing and bridging intelligence collection across the domestic and foreign divide. It concludes that such an organizational bridging function is valid and necessary in order to meet modern-day and emergent threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8JN8BE88,2022-01-05,Jim Burch,Policy Studies Organization,Global Security & Intelligence Studies,2024-02-03T10:09:24Z,['TEMXY72R'],10.18278/gsis.5.2.7,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3097514114,0.0,True,,,,2020.0,https://gsis.scholasticahq.com/article/27845.pdf, 3793,Arms Reduction and Intelligence Cooperation: A Historical View,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2004.10555100,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BYEJ943F,2004-12-01,Sigurd Hess,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T09:58:43Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2004.10555100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W807973518,0.0,False,,,,2004.0,, 3794,Dealing With the Devil: The Anglo-Soviet Parachute Agents (Operation ‘Pickaxe’),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2004.10555099,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J35JYZWR,2004-12-01,Donal O'Sullivan,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T09:55:58Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2004.10555099,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W820710864,0.0,False,,,,2004.0,, 3795,Shore High-Frequency Direction-Finding in the Battle of the Atlantic: An Undervalued Intelligence Asset,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2004.10555098,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D575RCP5,2004-12-01,Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T09:21:56Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2004.10555098,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2780758611,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2780758611,2021.0,2022.0,2004.0,,17.0 3796,"Intelligence Against Dissidents: The Kádár-Regime, Control of Dissenting Intellectuals, and the Emerging Civil Society in Hungary after 1956",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2004.10555094,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/25YAHAP2,2004-06-01,Máté Szabó,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T09:20:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2004.10555094,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W322688627,0.0,False,,,,2004.0,, 3797,"Removing “Nasty Nazi Habits”: The CIC and the Denazification of Heidelberg University, 1945–1946",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2004.10555092,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9XWPXHAT,2004-06-01,Ralph W. Brown III,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T09:19:57Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2004.10555092,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W338411831,0.0,False,,,,2004.0,, 3798,The Fight Against the New Fanaticism: A Losing Battle for the Western Intelligence Communities?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555086,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XSQVVUQC,2003-12-01,Bob de Graaff,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:22:19Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/16161262.2003.10555086,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W195906312,0.0,False,,,,2003.0,, 3799,Détente from Below: The Stasi and the Dutch Peace Movement,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555084,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I7HDST4X,2003-12-01,Beatrice de Graaf,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:21:52Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2003.10555084,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W252083367,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W252083367,2020.0,2020.0,2003.0,,17.0 3800,Anglo-Finnish SIGINT Cooperation 1940–1941,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555079,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IG5EE96T,2003-06-01,C. G. McKay,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:20:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2003.10555079,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W848444131,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W848444131,2016.0,2016.0,2003.0,,13.0 3801,Intelligence Cooperation in Europe 1990 to the Present,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555078,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WXUAFNT8,2003-06-01,Sigurd Hess,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:20:40Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2003.10555078,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2425025615,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2425025615,2013.0,2013.0,2003.0,,10.0 3802,The Dutch BVD and Transatlantic Co-operation During the Cold War Era: Some Experiences,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555076,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C9NV4WFE,2003-06-01,Frits Hoekstra,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:20:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2003.10555076,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1559690980,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1559690980,2012.0,2012.0,2003.0,,9.0 3803,The Prosecution of Nazi War Criminals and the OSS: The Need For a New Research Agenda,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2002.10555063,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5FBJDXU5,2002-06-01,Michael Salter,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:18:50Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2002.10555063,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2891888952,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2891888952,2019.0,2021.0,2002.0,,17.0 3804,Prolonged Suspense: The Fortier Board and the Transformation of the Office of Strategic Services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2002.10555062,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VQZAJK2E,2002-06-01,Michael Warner,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:18:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2002.10555062,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1513453962,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1513453962,,,2002.0,, 3805,OSS Medical Intelligence in the Mediterranean Theater: A Brief History,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2002.10555061,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E84DKVWG,2002-06-01,Jonathan D. Clemente,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:18:12Z,"['N8VR3BYE', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2002.10555061,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W297571588,0.0,False,,,,2002.0,, 3806,Lessons From the Failure of the OSS/SOE DAWES Mission,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2002.10555060,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F4HW3HTN,2002-06-01,Jim Downs,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:17:58Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2002.10555060,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2766966984,0.0,False,,,,2002.0,, 3807,"Dirty Tricks and Deadly Devices: OSS, SOE, NDRC and the Development of Special Weapons and Equipment",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2002.10555059,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y5ZJJVX9,2002-06-01,Benjamin B. Fischer,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:17:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2002.10555059,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W800271934,0.0,False,,,,2002.0,, 3808,"Lawyer, Politician, Intelligence Officer: Paul Leverkuehn in Turkey, 1915–1916 and 1941–1944",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2002.10555070,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SRZBY7EU,2002-12-01,Burkhard Jähnicke,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:16:53Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2002.10555070,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1526154568,0.0,False,,,,2002.0,, 3809,Staying Behind in Bangkok: The OSS and American Intelligence in Postwar Thailand,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2002.10555068,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IMZSC58Q,2002-12-01,E. Bruce Reynolds,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:16:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2002.10555068,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1564202672,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1564202672,,,2002.0,, 3810,You are Never Going to Be Able to Run an Intelligence Unit: SSU Confronts the Black Market in Berlin,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16161262.2002.10555067,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3RQSPSMK,2002-12-01,Kevin Conley Ruffner,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:16:04Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2002.10555067,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2582238508,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2582238508,,,2002.0,, 3811,The Intelligence Underpinnings of American Covert Radio Broadcasting in Germany During the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555055,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4SB2NM3U,2001-12-01,Richard Cummings,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:15:31Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2001.10555055,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W234364276,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W234364276,2012.0,2020.0,2001.0,,11.0 3812,The Clandestine Operations of Hans Helmut Klose and the British Baltic Fishery Protection Service (BBFPS) 1949–1956,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555054,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QV2VN9FD,2001-12-01,Sigurd Hess,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:15:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2001.10555054,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2118029348,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 3813,Signal Intelligence in the Pacific War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555053,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DGYMN2LY,2001-12-01,Gerhard Krebs,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-05T13:03:22Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2001.10555053,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W267201376,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W267201376,2020.0,2020.0,2001.0,,19.0 3814,"“Political Police” and German Occupational Forces in Romania, Fall 1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555052,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NM7UX4AI,2001-12-01,Jürgen Schmidt,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:14:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/16161262.2001.10555052,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2765970064,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 3815,The Spy Who Couldn't Possibly Be French: Espionage (and) Culture in France,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555047,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I5ACBTJD,2001-06-01,Anja Becker,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:13:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.1080/16161262.2001.10555047,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2593673074,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2593673074,,,2001.0,, 3816,Disinformation as a KGB Weapon in the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555046,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRMRI7IH,2001-06-01,Herbert Romerstein,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:12:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2001.10555046,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2509551914,37.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2509551914,2013.0,2026.0,2001.0,,12.0 3817,Polish Reconstitution of the German Military Enigma and the First Decryptments of its Messages,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555045,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZS69Z8SM,2001-06-01,Gilbert Bloch,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:12:22Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/16161262.2001.10555045,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2516930514,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 3818,"Intelligence, Media, and Terrorism: Imperial Germany and the Middle East",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555044,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LEAL8XCN,2001-06-01,Shlomo Shpiro,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:12:09Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/16161262.2001.10555044,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W245826306,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W245826306,2025.0,2025.0,2001.0,,24.0 3819,Intelligence in World War II: A Survey,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555043,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SF97RMNA,2001-06-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:11:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2001.10555043,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1560961372,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1560961372,2016.0,2020.0,2001.0,,15.0 3820,On Some Swedish Successes in Cryptanalysis in World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555042,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/97AZ3VZR,2001-06-01,Arne Fransén,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-02-03T00:11:24Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2001.10555042,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W313617076,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 3821,How China is winning the intelligence war,Newspaper article,https://inews.co.uk/news/world/china-west-beijing-intelligence-war-2880928,"Spy agencies in the UK and US say they are devoting more resources than ever to Chinese espionage, but a former CIA officer is among those who fear it still isn't enough",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2FW8EUBR,2024-01-31T10:23:27+00:00,Rob Hastings,,inews.co.uk,2024-02-02T23:43:38Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3822,Applying the Revolution in Military Affairs to Intelligence,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/459,"This paper identifies how the concept of the ‘Revolution in Military Affairs’ can be applied to the intelligence process to address the overabundance of information produced by contemporary technologies. Three tenets from the ‘Revolution in Military Affairs’ are examined as possible remedies for failings in the intelligence process. Drawing on previous intelligence failures, the case is made that applying the ‘Revolution in Military Affairs’ will improve the intelligence process and allow for agencies to stay on top of the large quantity of information they handle. The finding is that by incorporating these tenets, intelligence services can improve the quality of intelligence that they produce.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R2YAUAZ7,2018-05-17,Michael Kurliak,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:40:34Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.21810/jicw.v1i1.459,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2809942455,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2809942455,2022.0,2024.0,2018.0,https://doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v1i1.459,4.0 3823,Lessons Learned in Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/651,"On September 20, 2018, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS) Vancouver hosted its eighth roundtable meeting which covered “Lesson Learned in Intelligence Analysis.” The following presentation was hosted by John Pyrik, a former intelligence officer, and the first analytical methodologist for the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). The subsequent roundtable discussion focused on examining the notion of whether Canada has been excessively lenient towards individuals who have been convicted of espionage, with particular regards to the selling of classified information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U9TG3HDC,2018-11-16,Casis Vancouver,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:39:17Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.21810/jicw.v1i2.651,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2901868490,0.0,True,,,,2018.0,https://doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v1i2.651, 3824,How Canadian Intelligence is Exposed to the Impact of Globalization: A Critical Analysis of the Security Threat of Right-Wing Extremism,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/637,"It could be argued that Canadian intelligence has been negligent toward the impact of globalisation when assessing the security threat of right-wing extremism (RWE), specifically with the advent of the internet and the significant reduction of the influence of state borders on national policy objectives, and therefore has exposed itself to the potential of intelligence failure. This paper is focused on the state of right-wing extremism in Canada through which it addresses the security question: How is Canadian intelligence exposed to the impact of globalisation? The results of this paper are informed by an in-depth analysis of peer-reviewed articles from Canada, the United States (US), and Europe, as well as Canadian government documents, and newspaper articles, as well as the completion of a key assumptions, check to address bias and better evaluate the evidence found. This paper concludes that it appears likely that Canadian intelligence may not be assessing RWE threats through the lens of globalisation. It could be argued that this creates the potential for intelligence failure. However, there remains one significant caveat. It can be interpreted in Public Safety Canada’s latest update that RWE may soon be considered a type of terrorism. If this is the case, the evidence proves that Canadian intelligence may in fact be considering the impact of globalisation in the context of terrorism and therefore would likely implement the same consideration for RWE.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EL75A2ZP,2018-11-16,Sarah Meyers,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:38:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.21810/jicw.v1i2.637,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2901891888,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2901891888,2021.0,2021.0,2018.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/637/321,3.0 3825,Applied (Active Measures) Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/2822,"On November 24th, 2020, John Ardis presented Applied (Active Measures) Counterintelligence at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period. The presentation focused on the reasons why active measures counterintelligence (ACI) should be developed, the operational requirements for ACI, and the overall benefits of ACI. While the question and answer period focused on how new technology developments affect counterintelligence operations and the approach taken by modern counterintelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7LNCC6E9,2021-04-09,John Ardis,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:35:31Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.21810/jicw.v3i3.2822,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3153492877,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/2822/2078, 3826,Sharing intelligence culture: Working with foreign intelligence services,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/3818,"United States (U.S.) civilian and military intelligence services increasingly have engaged with local intelligence services, either in an advisory role or direct coordination or liaison. In many cases, the intelligence officers have tended to try to remake the local intelligence services in the image of U.S. intelligence structures and procedures, with these efforts rather futile in most cases. One factor that has led to considerable frustration and potential failure has been a lack of understanding of the culture of local intelligence systems. Understanding both the subtleties of an area’s social norms and mores, and the bureaucratic and historical cultures of other intelligence services remain critical factors in long-term success. Using case studies of environments in which established intelligence services have worked with emergent intelligence agencies, this paper examines the requirements for incorporating both larger cultural approaches and detailed knowledge of other intelligence bureaucracies. Received: 2021-12-14Revised: 2022-03-14",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KKXFP27E,2022-11-06,Lawrence Cline,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:35:01Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.21810/jicw.v5i1.3818,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281680014,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v5i1.3818, 3827,How Spies Think: Ten Lessons in Intelligence,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/4201,"On November 23, 2021, Sir David Omand, visiting Professor in War Studies at King’s College London and Former Director General of the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), presented on How Spies Think: Ten Lessons in Intelligence at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period session with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the role of intelligence in decision making, and the SEES model—Situational Awareness, Explanation, Estimation and modelling, and Strategic notice—as a valuable tool for analysts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MRV5A8ZU,2022-02-27,Sir David Omand,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:34:51Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4201,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4214741670,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4214741670,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4201,2.0 3828,Communicating Uncertainty in Warning Intelligence,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/4161,"On November 23, 2021, Dr. David Mandel presented Communicating Uncertainty in Warning Intelligence at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The primary concepts of Dr. Mandel’s presentation centered on the utilization of verbal versus numeric probabilities, the variability in understandings of verbal probabilities, and the relationship between confidence levels and event probabilities. Dr. Mandel’s presentation was followed by a question and answer period directed at a group of panelists allowing the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives to directly engage with the content of each speaker’s presentation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X2H5U9FH,2022-01-31,David Mandel,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:34:41Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4161,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210665655,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4210665655,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/4161/3365,2.0 3829,"The Spy Power, Technological Innovations, and the Human Dimensions of Intelligence: Recent Presidential Abuse of America’s Secret Agencies",Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/2495,"The purpose of national security intelligence is to provide policy officials with an advantage in the making of effective policy, based on the collection and analysis of accurate information from around the world that can help to illuminate a decision. Foreknowledge is invaluable in the service of a nation’s security; and, in the gathering of useful information, technological innovations in the world of intelligence can result in a stronger shield to protect citizens against the many dangers that lurk across the continents in this uncertain and hostile world. Despite all the marvels of modern espionage tradecraft, the governments that rely on them must still deal with the human side of intelligence activities. Unfortunately, arrogance, shortsightedness, laziness, frenetic schedules, and the corrosive influences of power (among other flaws) often lead policy officials to ignore or warp the advantages they could accrue from advanced intelligence spycraft, if they would only use these sources and methods properly. This article examines some of the problems that imperfect human behavior has created for intelligence in the United States at the highest levels of government over the past two decades.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/776MAEQK,2021-01-31,Loch K. Johnson,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:34:32Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.21810/jicw.v3i3.2495,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3128391674,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3128391674,2025.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/2495/1844,4.0 3830,Intelligence and Risks Posed by Corruption,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/2774,"On November 26, 2020, Andrew Dalip presented at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference, where he spoke about intelligence and corruption. This presentation was followed by a group panel for questions and answers, whereby conference attendees were provided with an opportunity to engage in discussion with Mr. Dalip and other panel presenters for that day. Primary discussion topics included operational concerns for security in Trinidad and Tobago, corruption related to lack of due diligence and reporting, and the limitations for COVID-19 preparation that resulted from corruption in Trinidad and Tobago.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4RE5GL8G,2021-03-17,Andrew Dalip,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:34:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.21810/jicw.v3i3.2774,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3163449273,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/2774/2043, 3831,INFORMATION INTEGRITY LAB AND THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTINUING DIGITAL EDUCATION FOR INTELLIGENCE PROFESSIONALS,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/5186,"On November 22, 2022, Alan Jones, Executive Advisor in the University of Ottawa Professional Development Institute (uOttawa PDI), presented Information Integrity Lab and the Importance of Continuing Digital Education for Intelligence Professionals. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The focus of the presentation was the role of uOttawa PDI in regard to educating on national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T43YB5LJ,2023-01-31,Alan Jones,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:27:04Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.21810/jicw.v5i3.5186,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4318952057,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/5186/4346, 3832,Counterintelligence and the Changing Threat Landscape,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/5406,"On March 16, 2023, Daniel Stanton—Director, National Security Program, University of Ottawa, Professional Development Institute—presented Counterintelligence and the Changing Threat Landscape. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the definitions and outcomes of offensive and defensive counterintelligence (CI), the principle states engaged in CI, and the shift in CI tactics and operations in recent years. Received: 2023-05-14 Revised: 2023-05-25",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W485ZF44,2023-05-31,Daniel Stanton,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-02T23:25:16Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.21810/jicw.v6i1.5406,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4378907034,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/5406/4525, 3833,British Intelligence and the July Bomb Plot of 1944: A Reappraisal,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344506069960,"During the summer of 1949 Winston Churchill invited a surviving member of the German opposition to his home in Chartwell, Kent. He informed his guest that ‘during the war he had been misled by his assistants about the considerable strength and size of the German anti-Hitler resistance’. In the light of recent archival research, we now know this statement to be not entirely truthful. Using previously unpublished material from the Guy Liddell diaries, the memoirs of the late Hugh Trevor-Roper, and a selection of Foreign Office (FO) minutes and wartime interrogation reports, this article will aim to overturn the prevailing view that the July bomb plot and its antecedents represented a British ‘intelligence failure’ as opposed to a failure of political judgement and imagination on the part of Churchill, Eden, and the FO. It will be asserted that, because of a mixture of political indifference and ‘group think’, crucial intelligence concerning the existence of a determined anti-Hitler resistance was ignored. Documentary evidence confirms that when von Stauffenberg’s bomb exploded the officially held view that no such element existed in Germany, senior figures in Whitehall were ‘naked’ in the face of events. These officials were victims not only of their own political misjudgement, but ultimately of the Churchillian policy of ‘absolute silence’ which ensured that the intelligence cupboard was bare at the very moment they, as ‘consumers’ of intelligence, were most hungry for information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZXWDGDVG,2006-11-01,P. R.J. Winter,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-01-13T00:23:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/0968344506069960,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2143568991,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2143568991,2014.0,2014.0,2006.0,,8.0 3834,Miscalculating One’s Enemies: Russian Military Intelligence before the Russo-Japanese War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1191/0968344506wh334oa,"On the basis of archival and printed sources, this article examines the role that Russian military intelligence played in miscalculating the Japanese threat before the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05. The treatment focuses on three general problem areas: assessments of Japanese military and naval strength and combat readiness; perceptions of war imminence and the related possibility of surprise; and Japanese intentions. Evidence indicates that the overall quality of intelligence was uneven, although reasonably accurate with regard to the Japanese navy. However, genuine situational and structural constraints clouded perceptions of the Japanese ground forces. Still other constraints obscured Russian perceptions of war imminence and Japanese intentions. The cumulative result was that Russia would enter far eastern conflict at a substantial disadvantage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FY7EZSGW,2006-04-01,Bruce W. Menning,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-01-14T15:06:05Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1191/0968344506wh334oa,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069406757,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069406757,2014.0,2023.0,2006.0,,8.0 3835,"Russian Military Intelligence, 1905-1917: The Untold Story behind Tsarist Russia in the First World War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1191/0968344504wh307oa,"The role of military intelligence in the First World War has been relatively neglected compared with the revelations that have wholly altered the historiography of the Second World War since the 1970s. The role of Russian military intelligence in that first conflict has in particular been an enigma for many decades, because of the difficulty of archival access. Now, however, a new generation of Russian, European and American scholars are uncovering the role of Russian military intelligence in the First World War, and a series of fresh discoveries combined with the reprint of previously rare biographical material allows one to reach new and more informed conclusions both on Russian military intelligence of the period and on the nature of the Russian revolution itself.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T7BF62BA,2004-10-01,Alex Marshall,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2023-01-11T13:55:27Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1191/0968344504wh307oa,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2170540495,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2170540495,2012.0,2017.0,2004.0,,8.0 3836,"Bletchley Park and the Development of the Rockex Cipher Systems: Building a Technocratic Culture, 1941–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344515613539,"In 1943 Britain’s security experts began to investigate the development of new cipher machine technologies. This resulted in the creation of the initial projects to construct the Rockex family of cipher systems. The development of the systems marked a major step in the building of a technocratic culture within Britain’s primary wartime cryptanalysis agency, the Government Code and Cypher School housed at Bletchley Park. This article explores the evolution of Bletchley Park’s wartime technocratic culture and utilizes the Rockex project as a case study; moreover it establishes the importance of the project as a catalyst of further institutional cultural change.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9E6E4Q2W,2017-04-01,Christopher Smith,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:19:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/0968344515613539,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2601586362,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2601586362,2018.0,2018.0,2017.0,https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/d7a65f88-e43a-4e20-9fa9-5682c37de78d,1.0 3837,The SIS and SOE in Norway 1940-1945: Conflict or Co-operation?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1191/0968344502wh245oa,"There is a historical consensus that the Secret Intelligent Services (SIS) and Special Operations Executive (SOE) were from the summer of 1940 locked into a conflict at the highest level, based on rivalry and jealousy, and which at times threatened the very existence of the SOE. It has also been claimed that the operational priority given to the SIS along Norway’s west coast significantly restricted SOE operations into the country. However, examination of the SOE archives now available at the Public Record Office in London and at the Norwegian Resistance Museum in Oslo appear to show that at a sectional and operational level within Norway the relationship between the SOE and SIS was not fraught with the same difficulties. These files also appear to indicate that the SIS operational priority had very little impact on SOE operations. The archives provide numerous examples of co-operation between the two organizations that operated extensively in Norway from the summer of 1940. They exchanged intelligence, shared clandestine radio stations, and used the same fishing boats to transport agents to Norway; several SIS agents moved on to work for the SOE. Both organizations from an early stage, in order to recruit Norwegian agents, were also required to work with the Norwegian authorities based in London. It was a relationship more often built on co-operation than conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WXA72V8T,2002-01-01,Ian Herrington,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:16:36Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1191/0968344502wh245oa,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2097422978,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2097422978,2023.0,2024.0,2002.0,,21.0 3838,Failing to Prepare for the Great War? The Absence of Grand Strategy in British War Planning before 1914,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344516638383,"It is a commonplace that the Royal Navy entered the Great War intending to strangle the German economy through a strategy of blockade. This was not so. Prior to 1912 blockade was mainly seen as a means of attaining operational intelligence; economic warfare was secondary. For legal reasons blockade had to be abandoned in 1912. Thereafter, only contraband control remained as a means of waging economic warfare, and this was seen purely as a way of luring the Germans to battle. In 1914 the Royal Navy had no grand strategy, a fact that explains its hesitant performance in the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I6T4LJDN,2017-11-01,Matthew S. Seligmann,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:16:03Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1177/0968344516638383,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2291990843,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2291990843,2018.0,2023.0,2017.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0968344516638383,1.0 3839,British Use of ‘Dirty Tricks’ in External Policy Prior to 1914,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1191/0968344502wh244oa,"The war in South Africa from 1899 irrevocably changed the character of British foreign policy from one of disdaining the behaviour of the continental European states to one of imitation of their methods through acceptance of the premiss that a fully functioning secret service needed to be established in Britain in order to ensure national defence in peacetime. Not only was press and cable censorship instituted, but the communications of enemy and neutral states were intercepted and deciphered where possible and steps were taken to exploit Britain’s dominance of the global communication system in the course of hostilities. In addition, the traditional policy of blockade of ports supplying goods and services to the enemy was supplemented by a resort to bribery and sabotage, which were sanctioned by politicians and officials who normally pursued public business with the utmost probity. These steps were not simply undertaken under the legal cover of wartime exigencies. Techniques of interception of foreign communications were also pursued in peacetime after 1902 first within the framework of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance against Russia and France and secondly within the framework of the entente with France and Russia against Germany. In the first case, French and Russian communications were secretly monitored by the British-owned Eastern Telegraph Extension Co. and selected signals were supplied to Japan by the Admiralty in response to French assistance to Russia, as well as to documented Russian efforts to intercept and decipher British communications and to interfere with British trade with Japan, all of which were carefully concealed from the British public. British intelligence and technology were directly supplied to Japan from the summer of 1902 in order to frustrate Russian expansionism and the methods adopted by Japan for confronting Russia were directly recommended by Sir John Fisher on the basis of British naval exercises in the Mediterranean during the South African War. In the second case, efforts were made to avoid Russian humiliation as far as possible in order to achieve a shift in the global balance of power against Germany. Both Admiralty and War Office came to the conclusion in February and March 1905 that an impending Russian defeat increased the likelihood of German pressure on France and steps were taken to encircle Germany by directing the existing secret service organisation to target Germany in the event of conflict and by concentrating armed force in Europe in defence of France from German threats. Evidence of German hostile threats to the British Isles appears to have been made available from French files, which hastened the formal establishment of the Secret Service Bureau in 1909 and the provision of materials on German, Austrian and Italian communications by the French War Ministry followed from 1912 onward. Even if Britain became a target of French and Russian intelligence agencies, as suspected, this merely reinforced a conviction that German threats to the Low Countries and the Levant should be confronted directly in those areas rather than yielding to any compromise which could result in conflict on metropolitan soil.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7W985TXQ,2002-01-01,J. W.M. Chapman,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:15:27Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1191/0968344502wh244oa,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061730242,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061730242,2013.0,2013.0,2002.0,,11.0 3840,"US Assessments of Japanese Ground Warfare Tactics and the Army's Campaigns in the Pacific Theatres, 1943—1945: Lessons Learned and Methods Applied",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344509104195,"The article examines the evolution of US intelligence assessments of the Imperial Japanese Army's tactical methods during the Pacific War, and explains how the resulting perceptions influenced the development of American doctrine for fighting the Japanese. It argues that US evaluations of the Japanese were characterized primarily by the need to gain a realistic understanding of enemy fighting capabilities, coupled with a realization of the need to improve the army's techniques for fighting a successful campaign.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KM5H9K54,2009-07-01,Douglas Ford,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:14:24Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1177/0968344509104195,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987555532,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987555532,2025.0,2025.0,2009.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/19101/1/War_in_Hist_article_-_revised_final_draft%282%29.pdf,16.0 3841,"Report from Paris. The German Military Attaché in France, Detlof von Winterfeldt, and his views of the French Army, 1909–1914",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344517730103,"Although historiography often attributes the German military leadership a high responsibility for the outbreak of the First World War, the action of the German military attaché in Paris, Detlof von Winterfeldt, has so far been ignored. This article shows how Winterfeldt assessed the strengths and weaknesses of the French army and describes how his reporting influenced the General Staff’s evaluations in Berlin. It examines the concrete effects of his reporting on German military policies and military planning before 1914 to ascertain whether the General Staff relied on Winterfeldt’s reports and if so, what difference they made.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6RGMAZE4,2019-11-01,Lukas Grawe,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:13:38Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1177/0968344517730103,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2804742455,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2804742455,2021.0,2021.0,2018.0,,3.0 3842,From Sétif to Moramanga: Identifying Insurgents and Ascribing Guilt in the French Colonial Post-war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344516682042,"Focusing on the upsurge in anti-colonial insurgency between 1945 and 1947, this article explores critical transitions in colonial state violence in two French dependencies: Algeria and Madagascar. The suggestion is that official and local responses to colonial disorder in these immediate post-war years defined new, more violent parameters of French colonial counter-insurgency that would long endure. The argument connects the ascendancy of a new French political elite at the Liberation with a reconceptualization of imperial threats, particularly in those territories where political intelligence analysis and security policing became integral to day-to-day governance at the provincial, prefectural, or district levels.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZSA4JGAJ,2018-04-01,Martin Thomas,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:13:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1177/0968344516682042,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2800412662,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2800412662,2019.0,2026.0,2018.0,,1.0 3843,"From Sevastopol to Sukhumi – and back again: British naval liaison in action with the Red Navy in the Black Sea, 1941-1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344519871971,"During World War II, Britain established a liaison officer with the Soviet Fleet in the Black Sea. Military cooperation between the western allies and the USSR is often regarded as minimal and unsuccessful, but this post demonstrated more positive cooperation. There were two crises when there were accusations of misbehaviour, and there were occasions when he was idle, but these were handled successfully in Whitehall. The post endured, and successive officers did a good job of operational liaison, as well as providing unique intelligence insights from a Soviet fighting front, right up until the end of the war in Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CN79JKC4,2021-11-01,Martin H Folly,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:12:40Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/0968344519871971,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2972913372,0.0,True,,,,2020.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0968344519871971, 3844,"A witness in the landscape: The bombing of the Forêt domaniale des Andaines and the Normandy Campaign, NW France, 1944",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344516650228,"An archaeological survey of well-preserved Second World War German supply depots and bomb craters from Allied air raids in the Forêt domaniale des Andaines, Normandy, has prompted an evaluation of the effectiveness of Allied intelligence gathering and tactical bombing of the German logistics network in advance of, and during the Normandy Campaign of June–August 1944. In conjunction with analysis of primary German and Allied archive sources, published historical accounts and aerial photographs, we demonstrate that Allied intelligence knew of the importance of the forest as a major fuel depot and attacked it with at least 46 missions over the period 13 June–4 August. However, landscape evidence demonstrates that only one of three fuel depot sites in the forest was successfully identified and partially destroyed by bombing. Allied intelligence efforts also failed to gather sufficient evidence to target one of the largest Seventh Army munitions depots in Normandy. Supply depots in the forest thus remained operational until late in the campaign and will have supported the German Mortain counter-offensive of 7–14 August. The limited success of Allied bombing in the Forêt domaniale des Andaines testifies to the difficulties in striking well-dispersed and camouflaged woodland facilities and supports the argument that the success of air power against German logistics efforts lay primarily in the degradation of the regional communications infrastructure and the Wehrmacht’s vehicle fleet rather than the destruction of supply dumps.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7CTZIBRB,2018-01-01,"David Capps Tunwell, David G. Passmore, Stephan Harrison",SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:11:49Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/0968344516650228,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2621449694,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2621449694,2016.0,2026.0,2017.0,,-1.0 3845,Allies and Enemies of Fascism in the Reports of Italian Military Attachés,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344519831031,"An analysis of the reports of the Italian military attachés in London, Paris, and Berlin during the 1930s suggests that these officers’ perception of the countries they observed was increasingly influenced by the totalitarian evolution of the regime. While traditional interpretation of the relationship between the Italian Army and the regime is that the alliance between the two granted meaningful autonomy to the former, this article suggests that the Italian military had absorbed a worldview seeing democracy as weak and decadent and authoritarianism as the way ahead, and perceived the world according to strong national and racial stereotypes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6EYKIPWU,2021-04-01,Jacopo Pili,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:11:29Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1177/0968344519831031,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2984459787,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 3846,"Photographic Air Reconnaissance during the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939: Doctrine and Operations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344513483070,"The doctrine and real use of aerial photography in Spain during the Spanish Civil War are studied. Both the Republican and rebel air forces developed their observation, reconnaissance, and aerial photography capacities, resources, and structures, which were generally grouped around the second sections of the air general staff. The successful operational and tactical exploitation of this special information provided to land forces is also examined. Finally, the ways of gathering, processing, analysing, and producing photographic intelligence are identified as decisive elements in the high command’s modern decision-making process.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XL3R3IS3,2013-07-01,"Diego Navarro Bonilla, Guillermo Vicente Cano",SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:10:57Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'PBHFUE8W']",10.1177/0968344513483070,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002768401,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002768401,2016.0,2023.0,2013.0,,3.0 3847,Eyes on target: ‘Stay-behind’ forces during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344520914345,"This article examines the concept of ‘stay-behind’ as a war-fighting tactic used by North Atlantic Treaty Organization to maximize its defensive efforts against a possible Soviet onslaught during the Cold War. It outlines how the concept developed, describes the military and clandestine units involved and what the division of tasks was between them, the way they operated, and how North Atlantic Treaty Organization was involved in coordinating these efforts. By providing a holistic look at military and clandestine stay-behind doctrine, it fills a gap in Cold War intelligence research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YUSZLVXK,2021-07-01,Tamir Sinai,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:06:17Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1177/0968344520914345,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3111363176,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3111363176,2022.0,2024.0,2020.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0968344520914345,2.0 3848,MI6’s Atomic Man: The Rise and Fall of Commander Eric Welsh,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344515572503,"This article recounts the life and career of Eric Welsh. A remarkable figure within MI6, Welsh started life as a scientist for a maritime paint company in Norway, but with war in 1939 his contacts and knowledge of the region brought him into direct contact with British intelligence. He rapidly became head of the Norwegian Section of MI6 and through the attacks on the heavy water plant in Vemork assumed responsibility for wartime and post-war atomic intelligence. His personality and dedication saw him rise to the pinnacle, but the flaws associated with these traits also led to his downfall and untimely death.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CK6WE36P,2016-01-01,Michael S. Goodman,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T23:04:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/0968344515572503,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2289152533,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2289152533,2020.0,2020.0,2016.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0968344515572503,4.0 3849,Behind the Battle: Intelligence in the War with Germany 1939-1945,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QHKYIEB9,2009-11-25,Ralph Bennett,Faber and Faber,,2024-02-02T23:04:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3850,Secret Allies in the Pacific: Covert Intelligence and Code-Breaking prior to the Attack on Pearl Harbor,Book,https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/secret-allies-in-the-pacific/,"Even though the United States was still officially at peace prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, it was secretly devising a chain of intelligence-sharing alliances with future allies in the impending war in the Pacific. This work is divided into four sections, which bring together bits and pieces of often isolated details about the intelligence alliance, allowing readers to gain a sense of how it came to exist, how it functioned and what were its limitations, often severe. Section One discusses the efforts of the Washington, Hawaii and Philippines units in breaking all cryptographic systems used by foreign powers. Section Two covers the roles of Canada and Australia, the secondary powers of the British commonwealth, the Dutch East Indies and China, the secondary independent powers, and other players in the Allied effort. Section Three concentrates on other covert intelligence sharing in London, Hawaii and the Philippines. Section Four ends the text with a discussion of the suppression and their revelation of the role of Great Britain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KUAQ2BGE,2001-01-01,Roland H. Worthington,McFarland,,2024-02-02T22:57:30Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3851,A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Book,,"Spy-masters, moles, and double-agents. Ciphers, saboteurs, and atomic secrets. The shady world of real-life espionage is as alarming and mysterious as any John Le Carré novel or James Bond movie. This outstanding book chronicles the international history of intelligence in the 20th century, exploring the impact of spies on world events during both war and peacetime. The work highlights the key events and breakthroughs in the history of intelligence and espionage - from the codebreaking and sabotage operations in the World Wars to the U2 incident and the CIA's secret war in Nicaragua. It also offers fascinating details of the colourful individuals who have made a mark as spies, defectors, and counterspies. The increasing importance of technology is a central theme in the book, from the advances in reconnaissance that make modern warfare possible to the spy satellites that help to verify arms control treaties. With the end of the cold war Richelson examines the role of intelligence in the 1990s and beyond, including the possibility of US-Soviet co-operation to combat terrorism and to halt the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons to developing countries. , Spy-masters, moles, and double-agents. Ciphers, saboteurs, and atomic secrets. The shady world of real-life espionage is as alarming and mysterious as any John Le Carré novel or James Bond movie. This outstanding book chronicles the international history of intelligence in the 20th century, exploring the impact of spies on world events during both war and peacetime. The work highlights the key events and breakthroughs in the history of intelligence and espionage - from the codebreaking and sabotage operations in the World Wars to the U2 incident and the CIA's secret war in Nicaragua. It also offers fascinating details of the colourful individuals who have made a mark as spies, defectors, and counterspies. The increasing importance of technology is a central theme in the book, from the advances in reconnaissance that make modern warfare possible to the spy satellites that help to verify arms control treaties. With the end of the cold war Richelson examines the role of intelligence in the 1990s and beyond, including the possibility of US-Soviet co-operation to combat terrorism and to halt the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons to developing countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5ZUMLCJD,1997-08-28,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Oxford University Press,,2024-02-02T22:54:28Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3852,Intelligence In War: Knowledge of the Enemy from Napoleon to Al-Qaeda,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/352353/intelligence-in-war-by-keegan-john/9780712666503,"From the earliest times, commanders have sought knowledge of the enemy, his strengths and weaknesses, his dispositions and intentions. But how much effect, in the 'real time' of a battle or a campaign, can this knowledge have? In this magisterial new study, the author of A History of Warfare goes to the heart of a series of important conflicts to develop a powerful argument about intelligence in war. Keegan's narrative sweep is enthralling, whether portraying the dilemmas of Nelson seeking Napoleon's fleet, Stonewall Jackson in the American Civil War, Bletchley as it seeks to crack Ultra during the Battle of the Atlantic, the realities of the secret war in the Falklands or the numerous intelligence issues in the contemporary fight against terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FI27NRXM,2004-10-07,John Keegan,Penguin,,2024-02-02T22:52:11Z,"['8XA7D88D', '9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3853,Most Secret and Confidential: Intelligence in the Age of Nelson,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FFYJYIA7,2012-11-15,Steven E. Maffeo,Naval Institute Press,,2024-02-02T22:49:35Z,['8XA7D88D'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3854,The Character and Organization of the Admiralty Operational Intelligence Centre during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/096834450000700303,"By early 1943 the OIC was almost fully developed, and had long been a vital part of the naval war effort. The staff processed a mass of intelligence, including decrypts from Bletchley Park, and passed it on as necessary for operational exploitation, often accompanied by good advice. The work was hectic and highly demanding, made more difficult by the cramped conditions of the offices, in the Admiralty `Citadel'. The OIC had been set up in 1937, but only the sinking of Glorious in 1940 finally consolidated its position. It depended increasingly on pay officers, the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, and civilian graduates, including women, and also in other ways was anomalous from the prewar naval staff point of view, even if it never became as `long hair' as Bletchley Park. The war forced the OIC to adapt, but it did not expand greatly after 1940. The chief personnel followed a cherished naval tradition, and strove to do their job with the resources at hand. They were encouraged to do this by restrictions on recruitment and space, but there was also the brief that the best results were gained by depending on a comparatively small number of first-class people, and overloading them with work.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2SN85HKJ,2000-07-01,C. I. Hamilton,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T20:03:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/096834450000700303,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109796375,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2109796375,,,2000.0,, 3855,The Road to Dunkirk: British Intelligence and the Spanish Civil War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1191/0968344506wh331oa,"This article will explain to what use the British military establishment put military intelligence coming from the Spanish civil war, and whether or not this intelligence had any effect on British defence plans during the late 1930s. Rather than focusing only on what the British armed forces should or should not have learned from the Spanish battlefields, this paper will attempt to explain why these lessons were never learned. An analysis of the ways in which this intelligence was read demonstrates how stereotypes and inter-service struggles over strategy rendered any lessons that could have been learnt from Spain completely worthless.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XP2RMR4S,2006-01-01,Néstor Cerdá,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T20:01:01Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1191/0968344506wh331oa,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059177354,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059177354,2021.0,2021.0,2005.0,,16.0 3856,"Churchill, British Intelligence, and the German Opposition Question",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344507071043,"In a previous article, ‘British Intelligence and the July Bomb Plot of 1944: A Reappraisal’, it was recorded that in 1949 Winston Churchill had stated to a surviving member of the German opposition that ‘during the war he had been misled by his assistants about the considerable strength and size of the German anti-Hitler resistance’. It also highlighted the fact that historians have argued consistently that the July bomb plot and its antecedents represented ‘an embarrassing failure by British intelligence’ due to an alleged inability to warn its political ‘consumers’ of a developing anti-Hitler conspiracy within the Third Reich. New evidence has now surfaced proving categorically that British intelligence informed Churchill not only of the potential strength of the German army opposition, but also of its determination to overthrow Hitler and his Nazi cohorts by means of a coup d’état. The present article argues that this fresh evidence, in the shape of PREM 7/7, consigns, once and for all, these accusations against British intelligence to the dustbin of history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHSZBN87,2007-01-01,P. R. J. Winter,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T20:00:46Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/0968344507071043,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2137914884,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 3857,Cold War North Korea and United States naval intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344516671739,"On 23 January 1968, the North Korean Navy attacked and captured the USS Pueblo, a United States naval intelligence collection ship in international waters off the coast of North Korea. The USS Pueblo was one of a group of AGER ships created to provide intelligence from the Sea of Japan during the Cold War. This article discusses the growing hostilities of North Korea during the Cold War and uses recently declassified documents to illustrate the naval intelligence efforts of the United States to monitor the North Korean threat.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TNWJ5LU4,2018-07-01,Hunter Hollins,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-02T19:53:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1177/0968344516671739,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2760321058,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 3858,Nothing Is Beyond Our Reach: America's Techno-Spy Empire,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Nothing-Is-Beyond-Our-Reach-1,"An eye-opening account of the perils of America’s techno-spy empire Ever since the earliest days of the Cold War, American intelligence agencies have launched spies in the sky, implanted spies in the ether, burrowed spies underground, sunk spies in the ocean, and even tried to control spies’ minds by chemical means. But these weren’t human spies. Instead, the United States expanded its reach around the globe through techno-spies. Nothing Is Beyond Our Reach investigates how America’s technophiles inadvertently created a global espionage empire: one based on technology, not land. Author Kristie Macrakis shows how in the process of staking out the globe through technology, US intelligence created the ability to collect a massive amount of data. But did it help? Featuring the sites visited during her research and stories of the people who created the techno-spy empire, Macrakis guides the reader from its conception in the 1950s to its global reach in the Cold War and Global War on Terror.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LUHGRVPV,2023-04-01,Kristie Mackari,Georgetown University Press,,2024-02-02T19:07:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3859,Sigint and cyber power down under,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2219442,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K3IEGJML,2023-11-10,David Schaefer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T19:04:10Z,"['8XXD789V', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2219442,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4378800526,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4378800526,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2219442,2.0 3860,"Industrial intelligence, reparations, and German expertise: the Australian Scientific and Technical Mission to Germany, 1945-1950",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2222535,"Among the multiplicity of missions that the Allied governments and armed forces sent to Europe towards the end and after World War II to document and exploit Nazi Germany’s wartime scientific and industrial progress was the Australian Scientific and Technical Mission to Germany. Composed of less than a dozen personnel, the Mission was a modest but important component in the Australian Commonwealth Government’s post-war foreign policy towards Germany and expansion of scientific and industrial development. Based at Australia House in London, the Mission worked in close cooperation with British Government departments, and was instrumental in the transnational transfer of German science and technology to Australia between 1946 and 1950 – initially under the auspices of the British Intelligence Objectives Sub-committee, and later through the Inter-Allied Reparation Agency and the Employment of Scientific and Technical Enemy Aliens scheme.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U9RNNA4Z,2023-06-15,James Mills,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-06-17T08:06:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2222535,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4380787754,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4380787754,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 3861,‘The enemy teaches us how to operate’: Palestinian Hamas use of open source intelligence (OSINT) in its intelligence warfare against Israel (1987-2012),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2212556,"This article explores a new aspect of Hamas’s exploitation of the media: open source intelligence (OSINT). Based mostly on primary sources from within Hamas, the article describes how, through OSINT, Hamas has obtained valuable information for its operations and has successfully learned about various military and civilian aspects of Israel and the Israel Defense Forces in a readily available, simple, and inexpensive manner. The article goes on to analyze the pitfalls for Hamas of relying exclusively on OSINT within its strategic assessment efforts. This analysis sheds new light on the academic literature regarding intelligence of violent non-state actors and asymmetric warfare.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GCTH9MK5,2023-05-16,Netanel Flamer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-05-17T13:40:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2212556,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4376891894,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376891894,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2212556?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 3862,Integrating Japan’s Intelligence Community: analyzing the effectiveness of the Director of Cabinet Intelligence as a coordinating body,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2228044,"This study aims to determine the level of integration of Japan’s Intelligence Community (IC), particularly the effectiveness of the Director of Cabinet Intelligence (DCI) as a coordinating body, since the Japanese government started its IC reform in 2008. A quantitative analysis of the relationship between the Prime Minister, the DCI, and other actors reveals that the DCI has progressed in IC integration since 2008. The findings have significant implications for the future development of Japan’s IC, particularly in terms of the evolving role of the DCI as a community facilitator rather than a personal briefer to the Prime Minister.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/74CBC48J,2023-07-20,Yoshiki Kobayashi,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-07-26T07:01:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2228044,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4384935125,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 3863,A Life in the Shadows: A Memoir [Memoir of an Indian spymaster],Book,,"""No Indian spymaster has, until now, written a memoir. A.S. Dulat is the first to do so, and in A Life in the Shadows he does it with considerable elan. He is one of India's most successful spymasters, his name synonymous with the Kashmir issue. His methods of engagement and accommodation with all people and perspectives from India's most conflicted state are legendary. The author of two bestselling books, Kashmir: The Vajpayee Years (2014) and The Spy Chronicles: R&AW, ISI and the Illusion of Peace (2018), Dulat's views on India, Pakistan and Kashmir are well-known and sought after. Yet very little is known about him, primarily because the former spymaster has been notoriously private about his personal life. In this unusual and unique memoir, Dulat breaks that silence for the first time. This is not a traditional, linear narrative as much as a selection of stories from across space and time. Still bound by the rules of secrecy of his trade, he tells a fascinating story of a life richly lived and insightfully observed. From a Partition-bloodied childhood in Lahore and New Delhi to his early years as a young intelligence officer; from meetings with international spymasters to travels around the world; from his observations on Kashmir-political and personal-post the abrogation of Article 370, to his encounters with world leaders, politicians and celebrities; moving from Bhopal to Nepal and from Kashmir to China, Dulat tells the story of his life with remarkable honesty, verve and wit.""",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N72D2SEW,2023-02-01,A. S. Dulat,HarperCollins India,,2024-02-02T18:56:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3864,Operation Payback: Soviet Disinformation and Alleged Nazi War Criminals in North America,Book,,"Translation of (1985) Soviet-era (KGB) document confirming plans for 'Operation Payback', an effort to sow discord between the Ukrainian and Jewish diasporas over the alleged presence of 'Nazi war criminals' in North America--provoking the creation of the Office of Special Investigations (OSI) in the USA and of the Commission of Inquiry on War Criminals (headed by Mr Justice Jules Deschenes), in Canada. The original Ukrainian language text is reprinted, along with an English translation, complemented by a few dozen opinion-editorials written by Lubomyr Luciuk and published in leading Canadian newspapers between 1986 and 2020, dealing with bogus allegations about 'thousands of Nazi war criminals hiding in Canada' as well as underscoring the actual presence of Soviet collaborators and purported war criminals (e.g veterans of SMERSH, NKVD, KGB and Red Partisan units) who were living in Canada, but never subjected to any inquiry or legal proceedings.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7GQ6VTMV,2022,Lubomyr Luciuk,Kashtan Press,,2024-02-02T18:44:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3865,"Artificial intelligence and the future of warfare: The USA, China, and strategic stability",Book,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526145055,"This volume offers an innovative and counter-intuitive study of how and why artificial intelligence-infused weapon systems will affect the strategic stability between nuclear-armed states. Johnson demystifies the hype surrounding artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of nuclear weapons and, more broadly, future warfare. The book highlights the potential, multifaceted intersections of this and other disruptive technology - robotics and autonomy, cyber, drone swarming, big data analytics, and quantum communications - with nuclear stability. Anticipating and preparing for the consequences of the AI-empowered weapon systems are fast becoming a critical task for national security and statecraft. Johnson considers the impact of these trends on deterrence, military escalation, and strategic stability between nuclear-armed states - especially China and the United States. The book draws on a wealth of political and cognitive science, strategic studies, and technical analysis to shed light on the coalescence of developments in AI and other disruptive emerging technologies. Artificial intelligence and the future of warfare sketches a clear picture of the potential impact of AI on the digitized battlefield and broadens our understanding of critical questions for international affairs. AI will profoundly change how wars are fought, and how decision-makers think about nuclear deterrence, escalation management, and strategic stability - but not for the reasons you might think.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EB59PQ6X,2021-09-01,James Johnson,Manchester University Press,,2024-02-02T18:34:12Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3866,Who wants to be the next James Bond or Anna Chapman? exploring the correlates of a willingness to enter the Centro Nacional de Inteligencia (CNI) among Spanish university students,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2141289,"The intelligence services compete with other public and private bodies to recruit the best candidates. Therefore, they must design specific recruitment policies to attract the young talent they need. However, the variables associated with the desire to work for these agencies among young people is still unknown. In this study, we explore these variables based on a survey administered to 2,888 young university students in Spain. The results reveal that social science students and those with greater satisfaction with democracy and trust in political institutions are more willing to work for the Spanish National Intelligence Centre.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8URG36R8,2023-06-07,"Antonio M. Díaz-Fernández, Cristina Del-Real",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T18:28:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2141289,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4309189414,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2141289?needAccess=true&role=button, 3867,Obstacles to harnessing analytic innovations in foreign policy analysis: a case study of crowdsourcing in the U.S. intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2142352,"We interviewed national security professionals to understand why the U.S. Intelligence Community has not systematically incorporated prediction markets or prediction polls into its intelligence reporting. This behavior is surprising since crowdsourcing platforms often generate more accurate predictions than traditional forms of intelligence analysis. Our interviews suggest that three principal barriers to adopting these platforms involved (i) bureaucratic politics, (ii) decision-makers lacking interest in probability estimates, and (iii) lack of knowledge about these platforms’ capabilities. Interviewees offered many actionable suggestions for addressing these challenges in future efforts to incorporate crowdsourcing platforms or other algorithmic tools into intelligence tradecraft.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7EAF3RAY,2023-06-07,"Laura Resnick Samotin, Jeffrey A. Friedman, Michael C. Horowitz",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T18:27:41Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2142352,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4309746204,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4309746204,2024.0,2026.0,2022.0,,2.0 3868,"Internal Security Management in Nigeria: Perspectives, Challenges and Lessons",Book,https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-13-8215-4,"Provides a detailed and critical analysis of the contemporary internal security challenges facing the Nigeria state Offers theoretical explanations that are necessary for appreciating the dynamics of the manifestation of insecurity in Nigeria Provides comprehensive analysis for understanding the issue of internal security in Nigeria",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QTJL4RZU,2019,"Oshita O. Oshita, Ikenna Mike Alumona, Freedom Chukwudi Onuoha",Springer Nature,,2024-02-02T18:25:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1007/978-981-13-8215-4,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3195810194,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3195810194,2020.0,2026.0,2019.0,,1.0 3869,"Agents, attachés, and intelligence failures: the Imperial Japanese Navy’s efforts to establish espionage networks in the United States before Pearl Harbor",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2123935,"The 1941 outbreak of war between the United States and Japan was proximately precipitated by the Imperial Japanese Navy at Pearl Harbor. Yet, the IJN was building and cultivating intelligence networks on the U.S. mainland prior. This article presents a comprehensive view of Japanese intelligence efforts against the U.S. based in California and Mexico. A surprising number of relevant sources have only recently come to light. These complement Japanese Foreign Ministry files, oral histories, and Mexican sources to present a more complete story of the IJN’s intelligence preparations, successes, and failures before and immediately after Pearl Harbor.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FXG2JXGZ,2023-04-16,"Ron Drabkin, K. Kusunoki, B. W. Hart",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T11:45:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2123935,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4296641488,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4296641488,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2123935?needAccess=true,3.0 3870,"Sharing empire: Great Britain, Fascist Italy, and (anti-) colonial intelligence networks in the Palestine Mandate, 1933-1940",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2104507?af=R,"This article contributes to the growing body of literature on colonial intelligence by examining the Palestine Mandate. Throughout the 1930s, Fascist Italy developed a network of local agents, informants, and intermediaries that reported on both local conditions and the British imperial administration. Yet the region was not a site of unrestrained imperial competition. Instead, I argue that the British and Italians transformed Palestine into a shared imperial space. Through colonial intelligence networks, Fascist Italy built an essential imperial infrastructure in the Palestine Mandate that overlapped with the British administration and diverted a certain degree of authority to Rome.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FQWRVY9I,2022-08-09 07:44:42,Jessi A. J. Gilchrist,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:34:14Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2104507,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4292454312,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4292454312,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,,1.0 3871,"Relationships, power, and ambiguity: how do U.S. intelligence officer responses to toxicity affect support to the core mission?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2110653,"Research has explored U.S. intelligence core teams at the cultural and functional levels. How intelligence officers respond to toxic interpersonal relationships remains unexplored. A May 2021 grounded theory and situational analysis study of variations of responses to workplace toxicity in the core mission identified nine response patterns and three impacts to mission support. The study also found that power, agency, and acumen played central roles, along with relational ambiguity and toxic memory as contextual factors. The findings generated five research propositions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B5N8KMS9,2023-04-16,Greta E. Creech,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T11:44:07Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2110653,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293113687,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 3872,Rethinking intelligence practices and processes: three sociological concepts for the study of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2113679,"Recently, a small but growing number of intelligence scholars has called for more methodological variety in the study of intelligence. In this article, we connect with the emerging discussion about the utility of sociological approaches and discuss three influential sociological concepts, namely ‘epistemic communities’, ‘transnational fields’ and ‘knowledge circulation’ for understanding international intelligence relations. We apply each concept to an empirical example from our research on German-Arab intelligence relations during the Cold War. The paper concludes that the concepts highlight the everyday life and social embeddedness of shared and transnational intelligence practices and processes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3A9WK3YS,2023-04-16,"Sophia Hoffmann, Noura Chalati, Ali Dogan",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T11:43:35Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2113679,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4295990904,12.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4295990904,2022.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2113679?needAccess=true&role=button,0.0 3873,Open-Source Intelligence,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fKuqp3KqKs,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FQZ8NDPB,2024-02-01,"Deborah Wituski, Kristin Wood",,,2024-02-02T10:46:42Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3874,Spying in WW2: how wartime espionage was just as dramatic as fiction,Magazine article,https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/spying-espionage-ww2-wartime-reality-soe-mi5-mi6/,"The stuff of numerous books and films, the extraordinary reality of wartime spying, explains Michael Goodman, was just as dramatic as the fictional accounts",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WUSS4LKI,2020-09-03,Michael S. Goodman,,HistoryExtra,2020-09-04T12:53:09Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3875,"Spies, Lies, and Exile: The Extraordinary Story of Russian Double Agent George Blake",Book,https://thenewpress.com/books/spies-lies-exile,"For fans of John le Carré and Ben Macintyre, an exclusive first-person account of one of the Cold War’s most notorious spies “Kuper provides a different and valuable perspective, humane and informative. If the definition of a psychopath is someone who refuses to accept the consequences of his actions, does George fit the definition? There he sits, admitting it was all for nothing, but has no regrets. Or does he?” —John le Carré Few Cold War spy stories approach the sheer daring and treachery of George Blake’s. After fighting in the Dutch resistance during World War II, Blake joined the British spy agency MI6 and was stationed in Seoul. Taken prisoner after the North Korean army overran his post in 1950, Blake later returned to England to a hero’s welcome, carrying a dark secret: while in a communist prison camp in North Korea, he had secretly switched sides to the KGB after reading Karl Marx’s Das Kapital. As a Soviet double agent, Blake betrayed uncounted western spying operations—including the storied Berlin Tunnel, the most expensive covert project ever undertaken by the CIA and MI6. Blake exposed hundreds of western agents, forty of whom were likely executed. After his unmasking and arrest, he received, for that time, the longest sentence in modern British history—only to make a dramatic escape to the Soviet Union in 1966, five years into his forty-two-year sentence. He left his wife, three children, and a stunned country behind. Much of Blake’s career existed inside the hall of mirrors that was the Cold War, especially following his sensational escape from Wormwood Scrubs prison. Veteran journalist Simon Kuper tracked Blake to his dacha outside Moscow, where the aging spy agreed to be interviewed for this unprecedented account of Cold War espionage. Following the master spy’s death in Moscow at age ninety-eight on December 26, 2020, Kuper is finally able to set the record straight.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D866S3HA,2021-05-01,Simon Kuper,The New Press,,2024-02-02T09:47:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3876,The many realisms of John le Carré,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2151755,"This article will explore themany different realisms of John le Carré’s work, from the legacyof Nineteenth Century literary realism to the distinct tradition of“spy realism” that defined itself against the “spy romance”format epitomized by James Bond. Finally, this article will arguethat le Carré’s works challenged dominant historiographies of theCold War. In doing so, le Carré’s fictions pose questions tohistorians about the ways in which we understand and conceptualizethe so-called “real world of espionage”, and wider political,diplomatic, social and cultural currents it is intertwined with.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NYVX9IWL,2023-02-23,Simon Willmetts,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T09:36:08Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2151755,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4313204046,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4313204046,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2151755?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 3877,Lessons remembered: using intelligence to drive counterinsurgency operations in Iraq,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1818922,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D3ID6YS9,2023-01-02,Aaron Danis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T09:33:19Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1818922,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3083551561,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 3878,Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Tony Comer,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2090741,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XCRZTI6N,2023-01-02,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T09:05:40Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2090741,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4292836947,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2090741?needAccess=true&role=button, 3879,Effect and reflect: opening the ‘black hands’ of foreign involvement in the 2019-20 Hong Kong protests,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2095598,"This paper examines foreign involvement in Hong Kong’s 2019–20 protests. It focuses on the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) and local supporters’ accusations that foreign ‘black hands’ fomented chaos on the streets of the city. The paper argues that these accusations are partly a consequence of actual external involvement in the tumult. However, this factor alone does not explain Beijing’s advocacy of the ‘black hands’ thesis. The CCP’s perceptions of the role of foreign forces in the social unrest have also been shaped by mirror imaging in the context of Hong Kong’s Cold War history as an intelligence and covert action frontline, as well as the city’s contemporary socio-political attributes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZSVSM5LA,2022-11-10,Brad Williams,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:56:16Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2095598,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285794638,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285794638,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 3880,Profiles in Intelligence: an interview with Professor Loch K. Johnson,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2116180,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KJC49ENB,2022-11-10,Mark Phythian,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:54:37Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2116180,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4295943714,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Profiles_in_Intelligence_an_interview_with_Professor_Loch_K_Johnson/21407412, 3881,Quantum espionage: a phenomenology of the Snowden affair,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076341,"In 2019 Britain’s top spy agency GCHQ staged ‘Top Secret: From Ciphers to Cyber Security’, a major exhibition at the London Science Museum. Spanning a hundred years of espionage, over a hundred objects were on display, including the MacBook Air owned by The Guardian, which held top secret files stolen by Edward Snowden from the US National Security Agency. The essay constructs a hybrid method of quantum theory and phenomenology to better understand how the laptop took on an excess of meaning, requiring an equally excessive destruction, not only for secrets once held or as deterrent against future leakers and publishers. A close reading of the ‘Snowden Affair’ reveals another story, of a paradigm shift from classical spy craft to a new form of quantum espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B5GQCS5R,2022-09-19,James Der Derian,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:53:56Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076341,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280522551,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280522551,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,,1.0 3882,"Leviathan’s Heirs: sovereignty, intelligence, and the modern state",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076338,"Thomas Hobbes started an enduring debate over sovereignty’s right to shape citizens’ minds between his principal heirs, Locke and Rousseau. Locke insisted that sovereigns can grant liberty of conscience yet still enjoy internal and external peace through wisely drawn laws. Rousseau endorsed such toleration in theory but insisted on shaping virtuous citizens who love republican forms and duties. Rousseau’s teaching on the need for “guides’ to recognize and impose the general will inspired ideological regimes ruled by parties claiming republican legitimacy. For the last century, that metaphorical debate between followers of Locke and Rousseau has helped shape intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4CQ49JG2,2022-09-19,Michael Warner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:52:21Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076338,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280644572,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280644572,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 3883,Philosophical foundations of intelligence collection and analysis: a defense of ontological realism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076330,"It is a common belief within the Intelligence Community (IC) that data residing in disparate information systems can be mined in useful ways by means of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) methods working alone, which is to say, without the aid of some kind of integrating framework. Here, in contrast, we argue that the sort of integration and analysis that is required if we are to connect data and information deriving from heterogeneous sources in useful ways needs semantic integration, in other words integration that rests on the ability to identify shared meanings across different bodies of data. To achieve such integration requires what we shall call an Integrating Semantic Framework (ISF). A framework of this sort is based on ontologies, which are controlled structured vocabularies designed to foster interoperability in the collection and curation of data and thereby to prevent the sorts of siloing of information that arise where there is inconsistency in the use of terms.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/92WPMJAB,2022-09-19,"Bill Mandrick, Barry Smith",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:49:39Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'TEMXY72R']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2076330,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281561710,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281561710,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIPFO-4.pdf,1.0 3884,National security intelligence activity: a philosophical analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076329,"This article provides philosophical analyses of some of the key notions involved in national security intelligence collection, analysis and dissemination. In Section 1, and relying on the intelligence studies literature, the notion of intelligence is characterized by means of an outline its main features or, at least, those features typically ascribed to it. In Section 2, an analysis of the notion, or rather inter-related set of notions, of knowledge (broadly understood) that lies at the heart of intelligence activity is provided. In Section 3, the focus shifts to the activity, or rather inter-related activities, of intelligence collection, analysis and dissemination and, in particular, the notion of joint epistemic action.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XYRUPXRP,2022-09-19,Seumas Miller,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:48:59Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076329,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281383478,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281383478,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076329?needAccess=true,1.0 3885,"The Spymaster of Baghdad: A True Story of Bravery, Family, and Patriotism in the Battle against ISIS",Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-spymaster-of-baghdad-margaret-coker,"From the former New York Times bureau chief in Baghdad comes the gripping and heroic story of an elite, top-secret team of unlikely spies who triumphed over ISIS. The Spymaster of Baghdad tells the dramatic yet intimate account of how a covert Iraqi intelligence unit called “the Falcons” came together against all odds to defeat ISIS. The Falcons, comprising ordinary men with little conventional espionage background, infiltrated the world’s most powerful terrorist organization, ultimately turning the tide of war against the terrorist group and bringing safety to millions of Iraqis and the broader world. Centered around the relationship between two brothers, Harith al-Sudani, a rudderless college dropout who was recruited to the Falcons by his all-star younger brother Munaf, and their eponymous unit commander Abu Ali, The Spymaster of Baghdad follows their emotional journey as Harith volunteers for the most dangerous mission imaginable. With piercing lyricism and thrilling prose, Coker’s deeply-reported account interweaves heartfelt portraits of these and other unforgettable characters as they navigate the streets of war-torn Baghdad and perform heroic feats of cunning and courage. The Falcons’ path crosses with that of Abrar, a young, radicalized university student who, after being snubbed by the head of the Islamic State’s chemical weapons program, plots her own attack. At the near-final moment, the Falcons intercept Abrar’s deadly plan to poison Baghdad’s drinking water and arrest her in the middle of the night—just one of many covert counterterrorism operations revealed for the first time in the book. Ultimately, The Spymaster of Baghdad is a page-turning account of wartime espionage in which ordinary people make extraordinary sacrifices for the greater good. Challenging our perceptions of terrorism and counterterrorism, war and peace, Iraq and the wider Middle East, American occupation and foreign intervention, The Spymaster of Baghdad is a testament to the power of personal choice and individual action to change the course of history—in a time when we need such stories more than ever.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4ZULLN2G,2022-02-22,Margaret Coker,Harper Collins Publishers,,2024-02-02T08:45:11Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3886,Big Data Surveillance and Security Intelligence: The Canadian Case,Book,https://www.ubcpress.ca/big-data-surveillance-and-security-intelligence,"Big Data Surveillance and Security Intelligence - The Canadian Case; In a critical analysis of the profound shift to big data practices among intelligence agencies, Big Data Surveillance and Security Intelligence highlights the challenges for civil liberties, human rights, and privacy protection.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6XE62XRE,2021-08-15,"David Lyon, David M. Wood",UBC Press,,2024-02-02T08:40:40Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3887,Arms exports and intelligence: the case of Sweden,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2034318,"This article approaches the intelligence dimension of Sweden’s arms exports by going back to three governmental decisions, taken in 1914, 1935 and 1971 respectively, all of which have been pivotal to both the Swedish government’s involvement in arms exports and the emergence of government institutions handling the intelligence associated with this export. The article shows that a significant amount of the collection and evaluation of arms exports intelligence is performed by government authorities other than those of traditional intelligence. It also points to the important roles of other actors ‘doing intelligence’ in this field, such as civic movements and investigative journalists.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DPTVK6MU,2022-07-29,Johan Matz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:39:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2034318,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4221108245,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4221108245,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2034318?needAccess=true,1.0 3888,Finding a match: the revolution in recruitment and its application to selecting intelligence analysts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2015854,"Intelligence agencies face notable problems in recruitment. In particular, candidates can easily misunderstand intelligence assessments roles. Challenges sit on the recruiter’s side too. Some of the traditional methods, particularly the over-reliance on the ‘classic trio’ of a curriculum vitae, an interview and referee checks yield inferior results and weaken diversity. The inclusion of a wider range of selection tools and tests not only improves an ability to adjudge applicants, it also gives candidates a much better sense of the role applied for. John Wanous’ Matching Model is utilised to demonstrate that employment ought to be a two-way process of attraction.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VNZ2M52A,2022-07-29,Anthony L. Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:38:20Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2021.2015854,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4206762299,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206762299,2022.0,2025.0,2022.0,,0.0 3889,"Of life, liberty and the pursuit of ‘All persons found lurking within our lines’: the Continental Congress’ Committee on Spies and the path to American independence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2019915,"In the weeks before it declared independence, the Continental Congress was already at work building the institutions it would need to maintain the new republic. In June 1776, a committee was appointed to explore linking the 13 provincial legislatures in a Confederation. Another was tasked to consider how the United Colonies, soon to become the United States of America, could protect itself against Great Britain by striking treaties with European powers. But before these committees were formed, the Congress first appointed a “Committee on Spies” to deal with a chronic problem: how the law should treat “persons giving intelligence to the enemy, or supplying them with provisions.” The resolutions that were the Committee’s answer re-defined the law of treason, substituting a new notion of American sovereignty in place of the allegiance that had been owed the British monarchy. They drew a bright line between those lukewarm or hostile to the Revolution, and the new American identity embraced by its supporters. And they placed limits on the military’s ability to try civilians charged with spying by court-martial, setting a precedent for American military justice. This paper argues that the impact of the Committee’s work has been under-examined, as has been its influence on George Washington and the evolving American policy of military deference to civil authority in matters of justice. It explores how the Committee’s “Resolves” prompted the creation of new treason statutes in nearly all the United “States,“ which in turn prompted hundreds of prosecutions. The paper revises scholars’ views on how and why the Spies Committee was formed. It traces the Committee’s contribution to language incorporated by the Declaration of Independence and in the Constitution’s article on treason, drafted 13 years later by a scholar who had been a Spies Committee member.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8WEVQNQR,2022-07-29,Richard Willing,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:37:44Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/02684527.2021.2019915,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4211243528,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.2019915?needAccess=true, 3890,Using argument mapping to improve clarity and rigour in written intelligence products,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2026584,"Intelligence products should be clear and rigorous. Intelligence organisations often attempt to improve clarity and rigour with training in thinking and writing. It is assumed that (1) training enhances clarity and rigour in products, and (2) greater clarity and rigour leads to better decisions. We describe three studies exploring these assumptions. These studies concern an initiative in a biosecurity context, based on a form of argument mapping. Results indicate that reports improved, but were inconclusive about the quality of decisions. We discuss implications of this research for intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4NLVAYGY,2022-07-29,"Ariel Kruger, Luke Thorburn, Timothy van Gelder",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:37:03Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2026584,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4211124301,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4211124301,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,,2.0 3891,The Eurospy boom and the evolution of Europe’s transnational identity,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065608,"This article discusses the role of the fictionalization of intelligence in the history of European transnationalism. It focuses on the boom of spy films co-produced in continental Europe in the 1960s, examining how their materialization implied large-scale transnational processes of production and distribution. It argues that, although this dimension shaped the films’ form and content, their plots continued to reproduce and reify notions of raison d’état, national security, and geopolitics. Yet, while cinema enacted enduring tensions between national and transnational identities, it framed such tensions as a displaced fantasy, thus conciliating them with the evolving political imagination of European integration.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AVVPI86U,2022-06-07,Rui Lopes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:35:01Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2065608,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4224220740,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 3892,"Learning to think and talk like the locals: the Soviet political police’s efforts to adapt in Lithuania and Ukraine, 1944-1949",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065606,"Following the Second World War, anti-Soviet groups emboldened by their wartime experience challenged the Soviets’ efforts to regain control over the Lithuanian and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republics. The Soviet domestic intelligence officers, or political police, realized that if they were to have any hope of pacifying the local population and destroying these anti-Soviet groups, they needed to speak and think like the people they were surveilling. This article explores the attempts of the political police leadership to adapt their methods and organization to meet new challenges and succeed in the postwar operational environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/27IR9TYT,2022-06-07,Alexandra Sukalo,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:34:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2065606,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4225141045,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 3893,Military intelligence and the securitization of Arabic proficiency in Israel: the limits of influence and the curse of unintended consequences,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065605,"Since its very inception, Israel’s security apparatus, led by Military Intelligence, has struggled to overcome the paucity of potential Jewish recruits who are proficient in Arabic. Military Intelligence came to dominate Arabic instruction at schools and universities to broaden and deepen Arabic instruction to Jews, but to no avail. Ironically, military Intelligence’s very intervention has entrenched its own failure. The securitization of Arabic instruction both devalues Arabic and imposes on Jews an impoverished Arabic proficiency – one that lends itself to domination rather than communication. Consequently, too few Jews study Arabic, and their proficiency remains poor.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QRS5S5RK,2022-06-07,Allon J. Uhlmann,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:33:12Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2065605,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4224216233,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4224216233,2023.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065605?needAccess=true,1.0 3894,"John Cairncross, RASCLS and a reassessment of his motives",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065613,"In 1990, John Cairncross was identified as the ‘fifth man’ of the Cambridge Ring of Five. Historians have provided various motivations for Cairncross’ decision to spy for the Soviet Union. Yet, after three decades, he remains poorly understood. Proposed espionage motives have ranged from ideological Communism, an impoverished upbringing in Lanarkshire, and proto-Popular Frontism. Generally, however, it has been assumed that the former, ideological Communism, best explain Cairncross’ actions. This article uses Cialdini’s model of psychological influence to demonstrate the significance of Cairncross’ attitude to British socio-cultural-political norms in rendering him susceptible to NKVD recruitment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DSGB2LVR,2022-06-07,Christopher Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:32:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2065613,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4224663361,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4224663361,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065613?needAccess=true,2.0 3895,"Emotional intelligence: culture, intimacy, and empire in early CIA espionage",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065612,"This article seeks to stimulate dialogue between U.S. intelligence history and the history of American foreign relations by bringing some of the latter’s recent concerns – namely, culture, emotion, and ‘entangled empires’ – into the study of American intelligence, specifically CIA espionage in the post-colonial world during the early Cold War. To that end, the article considers the cultural and social origins of the CIA within an imperial history context; examines the lived experience of CIA officers assigned to post-colonial locations, including their relationships with local agents; and concludes by suggesting future directions for a post-colonial interpretation of CIA intelligence analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXPW59LV,2022-06-07,Hugh Wilford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:31:24Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2065612,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4224302251,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4224302251,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 3896,"Intelligence operations, Indigenous cultures, and early U.S. Ambassadors to Native American polities",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065611,"This article extends scholars’ recent integration of the history of U.S.-Indigenous relations into the history of American foreign relations by addressing the state’s attempts to acquire information about Native people’s ways of perceiving reality. My focus is on the intertwined careers in policymaking and scholarship of Henry Rowe Schoolcraft. Schoolcraft used his position as U.S. ambassador (‘Indian agent’) to the Ojibwe people to become the government’s leading expert on Indigenous cultures. The cultural information officials like Schoolcraft gathered was tightly connected to matters of national security, with significant implications for both international relations and the discipline now known as anthropology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EYKVLWQI,2022-06-07,Zachary Conn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:30:46Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2065611,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4229010499,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 3897,Towards a cultural perspective on the absorption of emerging technologies in military organizations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065604,"Absorbing emerging technologies is crucial to the success of intelligence and security organizations. Scholars, however, tend to overlook the role of cultural traits in this process. Focusing on military organizations, this paper questions how military organizational culture shapes the absorption of emerging technologies. It draws upon literatures of military innovation, technology absorption and military sociology and empirically studies the absorption of counter improvised explosive devices technologies within the Netherlands Armed Forces. This paper argues that cultural influence on technology absorption becomes apparent in the innovation drivers, the distinction between war- and peacetime and the gradual shift of organizational identities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BPCCRAMR,2022-06-07,"Paul Oling, Sebastiaan Rietjens, Paul van Fenema, Jan-Kees Schakel",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-02T08:30:24Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2065604,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4224259749,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4224259749,2024.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065604,2.0 3898,The far-right Bundestag aide and his rapping FSB case officer,Magazine article,https://theins.info/en/politics/268805?utm_source=flipboard&utm_content=user/FCK_AfD,"A pro-Russian aide to a far-right German legislator who attempted to scuttle Berlin’s shipment of main battle tanks to Ukraine is an agent of Russian intelligence, The Insider can now reveal. Also, his handler is a rapper.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MNPHTW87,2024-02-01,"Roman Dobrokhotov, Michael Weiss, Christo Grozev",,The Insider,2024-02-02T08:28:34Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3899,US intelligence officials estimate Tehran does not have full control of its proxy groups,Newspaper article,https://www.politico.com/news/2024/02/01/iran-proxies-intel-houthis-00139099,Washington wants to avoid a direct confrontation with Tehran.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XQ9R68J3,2024-02-01,Erin Banco,,Politico,2024-02-02T07:14:06Z,['AKVWM8BZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3900,"Generating distrust through intelligence work: Psychological terror and the Dutch security services in Indonesia, 1945–1949",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344516652421,"In insurgent wars, gaining reliable intelligence is of essential importance to both sides of the conflict. This paper examines the functioning of Dutch intelligence and security services in the Indonesian decolonization war (1945–1949), focusing in particular on their practices of arresting people to be questioned or interrogated. On the basis of interrogation reports produced by the various intelligence and security services, it argues that the arrest and interrogation practices of the intelligence apparatus itself should be seen as a form of violence. These practices created a psychological terror that forced ‘ordinary’ citizens to choose a side, exposing them to retribution from the other. The consequence was increasing social distrust, with potentially long-lasting effects.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BPQZ55Q5,2018-04-01,Bart Luttikhuis,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-02-01T23:47:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1177/0968344516652421,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2797721418,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2797721418,2018.0,2022.0,2018.0,https://pure.knaw.nl/portal/en/publications/b2376b80-f84e-45ca-90a6-b1d3732a9299,0.0 3901,The essential inevitability of worrying about the bomb: new writing on the Cuban missile crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1996041,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MNEXFUJK,2022-04-16,Len Scott,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:23:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1996041,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3217504599,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3217504599,2023.0,2025.0,2021.0,,2.0 3902,Private sector intelligence: on the long path of professionalization,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2029099,"Private sector intelligence is on its way to professionalization, but the road is a long one and the destination is uncertain. Studies of intelligence professionalization have not yet systematically analyzed private sector intelligence, a field that focuses on mitigating geopolitical and security risk and supporting decision-making. This paper leverages the author’s extensive empirical research of private sector intelligence with reference to five key pillars of professionalization: a shared identity, knowledge advancement, training and education, a code of ethics, and certification. The article concludes with implications for professionalizing private sector intelligence and proposes further research on this understudied field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y5VFG4KU,2022-04-16,Maria A. Robson Morrow,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:22:45Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'R2V36RN8']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2029099,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4220832559,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4220832559,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2029099?needAccess=true,1.0 3903,Separating isotope facts from fallacies: nuclear weapons proliferation in the eyes of three intelligence communities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1992153,"Separating Isotope Facts from Fallacies compares how intelligence agencies have performed in assessing the nuclear proliferation intentions of other countries. Using original archival and declassified documents from the Cold War era, the study appraises the accuracy of American, British, and West German intelligence proliferation assessments of India and Argentina. Contrary to pervasive scepticism, the available historical documentation shows that intelligence agencies did not habitually inflate their assessments of proliferation risks unless they anticipated arms race dynamics. Second, target state attitudes toward the nonproliferation regime provide essential clues to their nuclear intent. Third, more information about intentions did not inherently improve accuracy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BJRBUXPX,2022-04-16,Alexander K. Bollfrass,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:22:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1992153,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3209574530,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3209574530,2025.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1992153?needAccess=true,4.0 3904,INS special forum on David Sherman’s ‘An Intelligence Classic That Almost Never Was – Roberta Wohlstetter’s Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2015852,"Roberta Wohlstetter’s Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision is probably the most influential book in the field of intelligence studies. As David Sherman explains, however, government officials attempted to block its publication due to security concerns that seemed to focus on Wohlstetter’s passing reference to World War II SIGINT. Because Sherman’s history raises issues of such ongoing importance to the field of intelligence studies, the editors have invited four scholars to offer their reflections on the classification issues that bedeviled Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JE8GFJL2,2022-04-16,"James J. Wirtz, David A. Siegel, Jacob N. Shapiro, Amy Zegart, Loch K. Johnson",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:21:31Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/02684527.2021.2015852,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4205749909,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 3905,Christopher Andrew and the study of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2005810,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E4X7GRQE,2022-02-23,Peter Jackson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:19:28Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.2005810,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210460926,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/29926.html>, 3906,The evolution of historical scholarship and the rise of the visible and accountable national security state: tales from a life in Intelligence Studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2004667,"This article examines the evolution of the discipline of Intelligence Studies by evaluating how academics have woven scholarship with activism targeting prevailing cultures of state secrecy. Christopher Andrew has been in the vanguard of these efforts, and it is argued here that he pursued these goals for three reasons. First, the old cultures of secrecy hampered historical scholarship. Second, these cultures represented an obstruction to public understanding of the mission of intelligence agencies. Third, obsessive secrecy inhibited the ability of the intelligence agencies to benefit from a very real engagement with the past. Andrew has been instrumental in melding the causes of democratic accountability with that of academic freedom, successfully arguing for reforming cultures of secrecy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2F4WJWDK,2022-02-23,R. Gerald Hughes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:19:01Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/02684527.2021.2004667,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4220869767,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4220869767,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.2004667?needAccess=true,1.0 3907,A fundamental re-conceputalization of intelligence: cognitive activity and the pursuit of advantage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2005884,"This paper argues that human intelligence is the fundamental form of intelligence, and that cognitive activity is the premier component of the intelligence process. As practiced in the national security paradigm, intelligence is essentially humankind’s attempt to replicate human intelligence in purposeful social groups. Further analysis suggests that the pursuit of advantage is the central focus of true intelligence. Accordingly, a new universal definition defines intelligence as the capacity for reasoned foresight that enables advantageous action. The traditional cycle is subsequently re-conceptualized as a cognition-centric Intelligence Enterprise Model (IEM) that provides a more useful framework for future intelligence enterprise development.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NEDQBJ7W,2022-02-23,James Cox,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:17:43Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/02684527.2021.2005884,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4200039895,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200039895,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,,1.0 3908,Policy for promoting analytic rigor in intelligence: professionals’ views and their psychological correlates,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1999621,"Following significant intelligence failures, the United States intelligence community adopted Intelligence Community Directive 203 (ICD203) to promote analytic rigor. We developed two psychometric scales to examine how strongly intelligence professionals (N = 108) endorsed the analytic standards comprising ICD203 and how strongly they believed their organizations complied with these standards. All ICD203 facets were highly endorsed and clustered into three principal components, and perceived organizational compliance was high. Facets reflecting intelligence aims were endorsed more strongly than those reflecting means. ICD203 endorsement was positively related to conscientious and actively open-minded thinking, whereas perceived organizational compliance was positively correlated with conscientiousness, job satisfaction, and affective and normative commitment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9UUWKGSI,2022-02-23,"David R. Mandel, Tonya L. Hendriks, Daniel Irwin",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:17:13Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1999621,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3165639179,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3165639179,2021.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1833431,0.0 3909,"Journeys back along the roads to Mandalay, Imphal and Kohima: recent contributions to the history of the Burma theatre in the Second World War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1903674,"This article explores recent literature on the often-overlooked Burma theatre of the Second World War. The brutal contest in Burma, which took place in the most hostile of climates, was never a priority for any of the belligerents in the global war. Despite this, a re-examination of the men who fought in the jungles, hills, and plains of Burma from myriad nations and cultures – and who bled and died in their thousands – adds a number of dimensions to our understanding of the war in the Far East. The twenty-first century has seen an expansion of the literature on the Burma theatre which has added both depth and colour to this truly unique arena of war. These contributions are invaluable in the realms of logistics, airpower, intelligence, politics, and soldiery. This fresh wave of literature includes the re-publication of certain first-hand examinations of some of the most disastrous moments in British military history; the longest fighting retreat conducted by the British Army; the reforging of that army into a victorious fighting force; and accounts of some of the greatest special operations units in history. Such accounts, in tandem with a number of recent scholarly monographs and edited volumes, argue strongly for the rediscovery of this ‘forgotten’ war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C6JQNXF9,2022-01-02,"R. Gerald Hughes, Stephen Hanna",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:15:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1903674,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3164442459,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1903674?needAccess=true, 3910,Waiting for advice that is beyond doubt: uncertainty as Australia’s reason to join the invasion of Iraq,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1988223,"A dominant theme across examinations of the intelligence used to justify invading Iraq in 2003 is that political decision-makers amplified the clarity of their evidence. What has been missed is that Australia did exactly the opposite: here, the political leadership channelled uncertainty, inconclusiveness and doubt into highly effective rhetorical manoeuvres that embraced the imperfection of evidence and, with it, sufficiently weakened arguments that an invasion could take place only with absolute proof. This article examines the role of Australian intelligence amid a complex mix of factors that facilitated those manoeuvres.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3S5BWRGB,2022-01-02,Christiane Gerblinger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:14:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1988223,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3205990216,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 3911,Analytical innovation in intelligence systems: the US national security establishment and the craft of ‘net assessment’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946956,"This article develops a theory of analytical innovation in intelligence systems using the craft of the ‘net assessment’ methodology in the US as a case study. Employing congruence method and process-tracing and drawing on multi-archival sources, the article demonstrates that at the roots of analytical innovation are three variables: the setting of a requirement, the conduct of methodological experiments and the synthesis of analytical knowledge. The study also reveals that the nature of analytical intelligence innovation is dyadic, consisting of an organizational and an ideational component.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HC8ZHZK3,2022-01-02,Niccolò Petrelli,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T23:11:34Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1946956,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3182753588,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3182753588,2022.0,2024.0,2021.0,,1.0 3912,BUILDING INTELLIGENCE REVIEW INTO NATIONAL SECURITY - THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6413,"On November 17, 2023, John Davies, Executive Director, National Security Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA), presented Building Intelligence Review into National Security: The Canadian Experience for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the structure and responsibilities of NSIRA, the challenges and experiences of NSIRA in the last four years, and NSIRA’s plans for the future. Received: 01-20-2024 Revised: 01-29-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7XDWVIDM,2024-01-31,John Davies,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:08:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6413,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446190,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6413/5693, 3913,"THE PRIVY COUNCIL OFFICE INTELLIGENCE ANALYST COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE: MISSION, VISION, ROLE, AND PRIORITIES",Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6407,"On November 17, 2023, Dr. Hugh Henry presented The Privy Council Office Intelligence Analyst Community of Practice: Mission, Vision, Role and Priorities for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the composition and goals of the Intelligence Analyst Community of Practice (IACOP); the four pillars of IACOP: training and tradecraft, excellence, human resources and career development, and equity, diversity and inclusion; and the next steps of IACOP to address these pillars through the development and implementation of programs and initiatives. Received: 01-16-2024 Revised: 01-29-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ZYEBHA6,2024-01-31,Hugh Henry,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:08:47Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6407,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446561,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6407/5715, 3914,THREE ASPECTS OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR THE CANADIAN INTELLIGENCE PUBLIC SERVICE,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6406,"On November 17, 2023, a Senior CSIS Executive presented Three Aspects of Accountability for the Canadian Public Service for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver Executives. The key points discussed were the themes of accountability in the Canadian Security Intelligence Service in relation to the federal court, to Canadian citizens, and within the governmental and academic spheres. Received: 01-07-2024 Revised: 01-30-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2AS7CP7R,2024-01-31,Senior CSIS Executive,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:08:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6406,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446170,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6406/5624, 3915,INTELLIGENCE AND FATE: THE ROLE OF FATE AS AN AID TO INTELLIGENCE,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6404,"On November 16, 2023, Dr. Gitanjali Adlakha-Hutcheon presented Intelligence and FATE: The Role of FATE as an Aid to Intelligence at this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the increased presence of emerging and disruptive technologies (EDTs) and their possible implications for the future; the FATE method and its applicability to defence and security issues, as a means to facilitate future preparedness. Received: 01-13-2024 Revised: 01-30-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TLM78URM,2024-01-31,Gitanjali Adlakha-Hutcheon,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:08:00Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6404,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446540,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6404/5622, 3916,COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AND FIRST LINES OF DEFENSE IN AN AGE OF HYBRID WARFARE,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6401,"On November 16, 2023, Prof. Philip Davies presented Counterintelligence and First Lines of Defense in an Age of Hybrid Warfare for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the relationship between Full Spectrum Conflict/Hybrid Warfare (FSC/HW) activities and counterintelligence (CI), especially with reference to the role of Foreign Intelligence Services (FIS) in delivering sub-threshold/grey zone operations, inconsistencies in current NATO counterintelligence thinking and professional practice, and the consequent difficulty adapting that CI theory and practice to meeting the CI aspects of the FSC/HW threat. Received: 01-05-2024 Revised: 01-30-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2Q3CETZY,2024-01-31,Philip Davies,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:07:30Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6401,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446100,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6401/5618, 3917,DEVELOPING THEORY ON THE INSURGENT USE OF INTELLIGENCE,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6391,"On November 15, 2023, Dr. David Strachan-Morris, presented on Developing Theory on the Insurgent Use of Intelligence for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were uncertainty towards the global threat environment, counterintelligence strategies in vulnerable regions, and the treatment of intelligence as a public good. Received: 12-30-2023 Revised: 01-26-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BF4L4HEM,2024-01-31,David Strachan-Morris,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:07:08Z,['EJW4BLAR'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6391,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446289,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6391/5652, 3918,WHAT SHOULD INTELLIGENCE PRIORITIES BE GIVEN THE STATE OF HEGEMONIC INSTABILITY?,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6389,"On November 15, 2023, Dr. Loch K. Johnson, Regents Professor Emeritus of Public and International Affairs at the University of Georgia, presented What Should Intelligence Priorities Be Given The State of Hegemonic Instability? for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the history of US intelligence prioritization, the need for increased attention towards universal threats, and the need for open societies to share intelligence tasking and findings with each other. Received: 01-12-2024 Revised: 01-26-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y6NZUHIH,2024-01-31,Loch K. Johnson,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:06:58Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6389,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446565,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6389/5651, 3919,THE INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY LANDSCAPE IN THE UK POST-BREXIT,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6383,"On November 15, 2023, Professor Julian Richards presented The Intelligence and Security Landscape in the UK Post-Brexit for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the long-term and intertwined relationship between the UK and EU, the main dimensions that this relationship holds—being first of a strategic and military nature and second a homeland security focus—and the role of international conflicts in illustrating the military capabilities of the UK and EU following Brexit. Received: 01-26-2024 Revised: 01-29-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YJ8LG86B,2024-01-31,Julian Richards,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:06:44Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6383,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391443270,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6383/5649, 3920,LEADING SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE: CURRENT TRENDS AND ESSENTIAL ABILITIES,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6387,"On November 15, 2023, Ms. Jennifer Irish, Associate and Program Director of the Executive Security and Intelligence Leadership Certificate program at, Telfer Executive Programs of the University of Ottawa, presented Leading Security and Intelligence: Current Trends and Essential Abilities at the West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The presentation was informed by structural interviews she conducted with senior leaders across Canada’s Security and Intelligence community to inform a refresh of the leadership program offered by uOttawa’s Telfer Executive Programs for federal government executives having security and intelligence responsibilities. The key points focussed on the key competencies and skills required of contemporary S&I leaders as they navigate through changes in the community, the evolving global threatscape, and as result of emerging technologies and increased expectations for public accountability. Received: 01-07-2024 Revised: 01-29-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R3MPVMIH,2024-01-31,Jennifer Irish,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:06:25Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6387,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391445969,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6387/5648, 3921,DOES CANADA NEED A DEDICATED INTELLIGENCE STRATEGY?,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6371,"On November 13, 2023, Dr. John Gilmour presented Does Canada Need a Dedicated Intelligence Strategy? for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the magnitude of religiously motivated violent extremism as a global threat, the magnitude of domestic-based terrorism or ideologically motivated terrorism as a threat to North American state security, and the implications and increased likelihood for radicalization that may occur due to Canada’s response to global security conflicts, including the Israel-Hamas war. Received: 12-11-2023 Revised: 01-26-2024",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VUXSXRMU,2024-01-31,John Gilmour,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:05:16Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6371,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446408,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6371/5631, 3922,Intelligence Collection Priorities in an Age of Renewed Superpower Conflict: Toward a More Expansive Perspective,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/6336,"The new global setting of the post-Cold War allowed the United States and its intelligence agencies to broaden the nation’s mandate to include the environment, health, the global economy, and terrorism, among other considerations---although the military might of Russia and China had by no means disappeared and considerable resources would remain focused on military threat assessments. This article explores the commitment of the United States to the ongoing mission of knowing about and thwarting military attacks, while at the same time taking into account a new host of once ignored worldwide threats to national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RFMJX95V,2024-01-31,Loch K. Johnson,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2024-02-01T23:04:36Z,"['TEMXY72R', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.21810/jicw.v6i3.6336,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391446580,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391446580,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/6336/5613,0.0 3923,CIA doubles spending to meet China threat,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2024/jan/31/inside-ring-cia-doubles-spending-to-meet-china-thr/,CIA Director William J. Burns has revealed in a major new journal article that his agency has retooled its analysis and operations and doubled its budget to focus on the rising threat from China.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6YZU73LS,2024-01-31,Bill Gertz,,The Washington Times,2024-02-01T23:00:50Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3924,Annual Reports of United States Consuls in the Holy Land as a Source for the Study of Nineteenth-Century Palestine,Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/diplomacy-and-intelligence-in-the-nineteenthcentury-mediterranean-world-9781474277044/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/756H3FDM,2019-02-21,Ruth Kark,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-01T22:59:03Z,['9DTPTK46'],,Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3925,"The Russian Consulate in the Morea and the Coming of the Greek War of Independence, 1816-1821",Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/diplomacy-and-intelligence-in-the-nineteenthcentury-mediterranean-world-9781474277044/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VEVYI8IR,2019-02-21,Lucien J. Frary,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-01T19:57:30Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3926,"Hanmer Warrington and British Imperial Intelligence Gathering in Tripoli, 1814-1836",Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/diplomacy-and-intelligence-in-the-nineteenthcentury-mediterranean-world-9781474277044/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P978TYF2,2019-02-21, ElGaddari,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-01T19:47:06Z,['9DTPTK46'],,Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3927,"A Japanese Protégé in Pera: Fukuchi Gen'ichiro's Reports on the Mixed Courts of Turkey and Egypt, 1872-1886",Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/diplomacy-and-intelligence-in-the-nineteenthcentury-mediterranean-world-9781474277044/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9S5AEGIM,2019-02-21,Andrew Cobbing,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-01T22:58:18Z,['9DTPTK46'],,Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3928,German Intelligence and the Assassination Plot against Kaiser Wilhelm II in the Near East,Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/diplomacy-and-intelligence-in-the-nineteenthcentury-mediterranean-world-9781474277044/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4DM2R7CC,2019-02-21,Shlomo Shpiro,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-01T22:57:29Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3929,Intelligence and Conquest in Nineteenth-Century French North Africa,Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/diplomacy-and-intelligence-in-the-nineteenthcentury-mediterranean-world-9781474277044/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9GYB3W9W,2019-02-21,Deborah Bauer,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-01T20:12:25Z,['9DTPTK46'],,Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3930,"The Swedish Consulate in Tripoli and Information Gathering on Diplomacy, Everyday Life, and the Slave Trade, 1795-1844",Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/diplomacy-and-intelligence-in-the-nineteenthcentury-mediterranean-world-9781474277044/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7AH6LVGZ,2019-02-21,Joachim Östlund,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-01T19:45:55Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3931,Austrian Intelligence and National Interests in the Mediterranean in the Early Nineteenth Century,Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/diplomacy-and-intelligence-in-the-nineteenthcentury-mediterranean-world-9781474277044/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BYQX8WW3,2019-02-21, Schriffl,Bloomsbury,,2024-02-01T19:58:38Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3932,Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/diplomacy-and-intelligence-in-the-nineteenthcentury-mediterranean-world-9781474277044/,"Diplomacy and Intelligence in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World examines the activities of diplomats in the expansion of their home country's informal imperial ambitions. Taking a comparative approach, the book combines a focus on the extension of the informal British Empire with an exploration of the imperial ambitions of other states, such as France, Austro-Hungary and Japan. The authors combine approaches from diplomatic history, intelligence history and microhistory in order to give new insights into the Mediterranean as a 'contested space' between competing informal empires. This study will be of great interest to anyone interested in the history of the Mediterranean region during the 19th century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3BXTQIEV,2019-02-21,"Mika Suonpää, Owain Wright",Bloomsbury,,2024-02-01T19:44:05Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3933,How Spies Think: Ten Lessons in Intelligence,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/312746/how-spies-think-by-omand-david/9780241385197,"'One of the best books ever written about intelligence analysis and its long-term lessons. Brilliant, lucid and thought-provoking' Christopher Andrew, author of The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 From the former director of GCHQ, learn the methodology used by the British intelligence agencies to reach judgements, establish the right level of confidence and act decisively. Intelligence officers discern the truth. They gather information - often contradictory or incomplete - and, with it, they build the most accurate possible image of the world. With the stakes at their absolute highest, they must then decide what to do. In everyday life, you are faced with contradictory, incomplete information, too. Reading the news on social media, figuring out the next step in your career, or trying to discover if gossip about a friend is legitimate, you are building an image of the world and making decisions about it. Looking through the eyes of one of Britain's most senior ex-intelligence officers, Professor Sir David Omand, How Spies Think shows how the big decisions in your life will be easier to make when you apply the same frameworks used by British intelligence. Full of revealing examples from his storied career, including key briefings with Prime Ministers from Thatcher to Blair, and conflicts from the Falklands to Afghanistan, Professor Omand arms us with the tools to sort fact from fiction, and shows us how to use real intelligence every day.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XZQU5CZP,2020,David Omand,Penguin,,2020-11-14T08:14:53Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3934,"Soviet Defectors: Revelations of Renegade Intelligence Officers, 1924-1954",Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-soviet-defectors.html,"An analysis of the insider information and insights that over eighty Soviet intelligence officer defectors revealed during the first half of the Soviet period Identifies 88 Soviet intelligence officer defectors for the period 1917 to 1954, representing a variety of specializations; the most comprehensive list of Soviet intelligence officer defectors compiled to date. Shows the evolution of Soviet threat perceptions and the development of the ""main enemy"" concept in the Soviet national security system. Shows fluctuations in the Soviet recruitment and vetting of personnel for sensitive national security positions, corresponding with fluctuations in the stability of the Soviet government. Compiles for the first time corroborative primary sources in English, Russian, French, German, Finnish, Japanese, Latvian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. When intelligence officers defect, they take with them privileged information and often communicate it to the receiving state. This book identifies a group of those defectors from the Soviet elite - intelligence officers - and provides an aggregate analysis of their information to uncover Stalin’s strategic priorities and concerns, thus to open a window into Stalin’s impenetrable national security decision making. This book uses their information to define Soviet threat perceptions and national security anxieties during Stalin’s time as Soviet leader.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HDUHMJV9,2022-05-01,Kevin P. Riehle,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-02-01T19:41:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3935,Head of the Mossad: In Pursuit of a Safe and Secure Israel,Book,https://undpress.nd.edu/9780268108335/head-of-the-mossad,"Shabtai Shavit, director of the Mossad from 1989 to 1996, is one of the most influential leaders to shape the recent history of the State of Israel. In this exciting and engaging book, Shavit combines memoir with sober reflection to reveal what happened during the seven years he led what is widely recognized today as one of the most powerful and proficient intelligence agencies in the world. Shavit provides an inside account of his intelligence and geostrategic philosophy, the operations he directed, and anecdotes about his family, colleagues, and time spent in, among other places, the United States as a graduate student and at the CIA. Shavit’s tenure occurred during many crucial junctures in the history of the Middle East, including the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War era; the first Gulf War and Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir’s navigation of the state and the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) during the conflict; the peace agreement with Jordan, in which the Mossad played a central role; and the assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin. Shavit offers a broad sweep of the integral importance of intelligence in these historical settings and reflects on the role that intelligence can and should play in Israel's future against Islamist terrorism and Iran’s eschatological vision. Head of the Mossad is a compelling guide to the reach of and limits facing intelligence practitioners, government officials, and activists throughout Israel and the Middle East. This is an essential book for everyone who cares for Israel’s security and future, and everyone who is interested in intelligence gathering and covert action.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BXU4L6CN,2020-09-01,Shabtai Shavit,University of Notre Dame,,2024-02-01T18:08:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3936,Fusing algorithms and analysts: open-source intelligence in the age of 'Big Data',Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2017.1406677,"In the age of 'Big Data', the potential value of open-source information for intelligence-related purposes is widely recognised. Of late, progress in this space has increasingly become associated with software that can expand our ability to gather, filter, interrelate and manipulate data through automated processes. The trend towards automation is both innovative and necessary. However, techno-centric efforts to replace human analysts with finely crafted algorithms across the board, from collection to synthesis and analysis of information, risk limiting the potential of OSINT rather than increasing its scope and impact. Effective OSINT systems must be carefully designed to facilitate complementarity, exploit the strengths, and mitigate the weaknesses of both human analysts and software solutions, obtaining the best contribution from both. Drawing on insights from the field of cognitive engineering, this article considers at a conceptual level how this might be achieved....",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JAPQYP3Y,2018,"Christopher Eldridge, Christopher Hobbs, Matthew Moran",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['8XXD789V', 'E5UVWK8S', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1080/02684527.2017.1406677,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2772869880,34.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2772869880,2019.0,2026.0,2017.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/108996612/Fusing_Algorithms_and_Analysts_ELDRIDGE_Published_Online_2017_GREEN_AAM.pdf,2.0 3937,The civilian's visual security paradox: how open source intelligence practices create insecurity for civilians in warzones,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1553700,"Images taken by civilians and shared online have become an important source of conflict intelligence. This article explores issues around how states and non-state actors appropriate civilians’ images to produce intelligence about conflict, critically scrutinizing a practice often called open source or social media intelligence. It argues that image appropriation for open-source intelligence production creates a new kind of visual security paradox in which civilians can be endangered by their everyday visual practices because their digital images can be appropriated by outside actors as conflict intelligence. The transformation of everyday images into conflict evidence relies on what Barthes termed the photographic paradox, the paradox that while a photograph is clearly not the reality it depicts, the photograph is casually interpreted as a copy of that reality. When images are appropriated as conflict intelligence this photographic paradox translates into a security paradox. A visual security argument can be made without the intention or knowledge of the image producer, who then comes to perform the role on an intelligence agent. Yet civilians in warzones can hardly refrain from producing any images when they need to call attention to their plight, and to stay in contact with friends and relatives. The paradox, then, is that such vital visual signs of life can rapidly become sources of danger for the civilian. This civilian visual security paradox, it is argued, demands that intelligence actors respect the protected status of civilians in their online collection practices. So far, however, there is little sign of such respect.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZMRPRFEN,"April 16, 2019",Rune Saugmann,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-12-25T08:54:33Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1553700,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2911718712,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2911718712,2019.0,2024.0,2019.0,,0.0 3938,"The impact of ‘Tempest’ on Anglo-American communications security and intelligence, 1943–1970",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1798604,"This article examines the impact of the discovery by Britain and the United States in the late 1940s/early 1950s that cipher machines produced compromising emissions, a phenomenon which became known as Tempest. The British and Americans were forced to develop security measures to protect their encrypted communications but the Soviet Union was still able to exploit Tempest emissions from cipher machines in Western embassies in Moscow and read their diplomatic traffic. At the same time, Tempest became an important new way for the NSA and GCHQ to gather communications intelligence, particularly from developing world states and NATO allies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5ZS9EJX9,"January 2, 2021",David Easter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-12-17T11:09:27Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2020.1798604,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3044480479,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3044480479,2020.0,2025.0,2020.0,,0.0 3939,Secret History: Writing the Rise of Britain's Intelligence Services,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8E5WDFRY,16 April 2020,Simon Ball,McGill-Queen's University Press,,2022-03-08T16:56:40Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'TDUVX2TF']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3940,Intelligence in the National Security Enterprise: An introduction,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-in-the-National-Security-Enterprise,"This textbook introduces students to the critical role of the US intelligence community within the wider national security decision-making and political process. Intelligence in the National Security Enterprise defines what intelligence is and what intelligence agencies do, but the emphasis is on showing how intelligence serves the policymaker. Roger Z. George draws on his thirty-year CIA career and more than a decade of teaching at both the undergraduate and graduate level to reveal the real world of intelligence. Intelligence support is examined from a variety of perspectives to include providing strategic intelligence, warning, daily tactical support to policy actions as well as covert action. The book includes useful features for students and instructors such as excerpts and links to primary-source documents, suggestions for further reading, and a glossary.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IL25EPYP,2020-02-01,Roger Z. George,Georgetown University Press,,2024-02-01T18:00:30Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3941,A Chinese spy manual (from the Qing dynasty),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1897752,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UPN8FI76,2021-11-10,Michael Schoenhals,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T17:58:55Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1897752,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3137186998,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1897752, 3942,"Courier, traitor, bigamist, fabulist: behind the mythology of a superspy",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1857906,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2LFBX2DJ,2021-11-10,Antony Percy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T17:58:37Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1857906,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3112815218,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 3943,Winners and losers in Russia’s information war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1877405,"Thomas Kent’s and Nina Jankowicz’s recent books on Russian information warfare start from the premise that Russian information operations and political warfare will destroy our democratic society. But what if that premise is wrong? What if we just have to wait for Russia to shoot itself in the foot enough times that it no longer enjoys credibility in the world, while healing the divisions in our own societies that fuel Russian disinformation campaigns? It might be soothing to claim that Russia is the root of our problems, and Russia certainly has no desire to help us solve those problems. Nevertheless, Russia’s actions have placed it back on the table as an adversary, just as its Soviet predecessor was, which is not in Russia’s best interests. Russia is not capable of destroying a democratic society; the society can only do that to itself. Democratic societies survived the Soviet-era information onslaught and will survive the current one if they can reduce internal anger and divisiveness, while Russia offers nothing constructive to the world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WDVWK8EQ,2021-11-10,Kevin P. Riehle,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T17:58:08Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1877405,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3123255339,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123255339,2022.0,2022.0,2021.0,,1.0 3944,"Making intelligence telework work: mitigating distraction, maintaining focus",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1955442,"This response to a series of earlier ‘Perspectives on Intelligence’ essays on intelligence telework adds to the conversation by first reiterating the benefits of working remotely, highlighting challenges – mainly different types of serious distraction – that could undermine telework, and offering suggestions for addressing those challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7FIR3H3P,2021-11-10,"Michael Landon-Murray, Ian Anderson",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T17:57:50Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1955442,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3194386873,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3194386873,2021.0,2022.0,2021.0,,0.0 3945,Adopting and improving a new forecasting paradigm,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946955,"A large and growing body of research suggests that when it comes to forecasting, the process-oriented paradigm prevalent in the Allied intelligence community (IC) acts as a drag on forecasting accuracy. A new verification-oriented paradigm has been developed over the past decades, which produces more accurate forecasts and therefore should be put into practice. However, the accuracy achievable by the new verification paradigm does not yet satisfy the needs of the clients of IC practitioners. IC scholars should improve the verification paradigm by recognizing that IC forecasts typically pertain to complex situations, and therefore require the tools, methods and concepts found in complexity science.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T6DX2GDD,2021-11-10,Ian Speigel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T17:54:58Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1946955,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3182966114,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3182966114,2021.0,2024.0,2021.0,,0.0 3946,"The Bhutto family and Pakistan: power, politics, and the deep state",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1877418,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FRUUET6W,2021-09-19,"R. Gerald Hughes, Ryan Shaffer",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T17:53:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1877418,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3122077465,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3122077465,2021.0,2023.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1877418?needAccess=true,0.0 3947,The ghosts of Russian intelligence: the challenges and evolution of Russia’s illegals program,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1764701,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ENQ837EE,2021-09-19,Kevin P. Riehle,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T17:53:32Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1764701,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3024307238,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 3948,From sigint to cyber: a hundred years of Britain’s biggest intelligence agency,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1899636,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PQMTCQAZ,2021-09-19,Richard J. Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T17:53:10Z,"['8XXD789V', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1899636,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3139504583,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3139504583,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,,1.0 3949,The Sisson Documents and their ‘distinguished place’ in the history of disinformation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946953,"Russian interference in American politics appears today in sophisticated forms thanks to technology, but disinformation is not a new phenomenon. The influence of foreign disinformation on domestic policy has antecedents in the First World War, when the American government distributed fabricated documents supplied by anti-Communist revolutionaries to make false claims about a German-Bolshevik conspiracy. The so-called Sisson Documents strengthened a narrative the Wilson administration created that the Bolsheviks were German stooges who, with German support and direction, took Russia out of the war and promoted unrest in the United States. The Wilson administration sold the German-Bolshevik conspiracy through a pro-war, patriotic American press, whose pages were laced with talk of pervasive German conspiracies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4SXJT6SN,2021-09-19,"John Maxwell Hamilton, Christina Georgacopoulos",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T17:51:49Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MQMHZUFD']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1946953,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3180570234,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3180570234,2021.0,2024.0,2021.0,https://repository.lsu.edu/manship_pubs/102,0.0 3950,RAW: A History of India's Covert Operations,Book,,"The Research and Analysis Wing, India?s shadowy external intelligence agency, is one of the country?s least understood institutions?at least in part by design. Perhaps fittingly for a spy agency, there is very little information about R&AW in the public domain. What is this organisation, its structure, its role and vision? Why was it set up? Who are the people that run it? Set up in 1968, as a reaction to India?s massive intelligence failure during the war with China, R&AW played a crucial role in the formation of Bangladesh. It has since carried out highly successful covert operations in Fiji, Afghanistan and Sri Lanka, and has countered and foiled Pakistani spy agency ISI?s machinations in the subcontinent. R&AW has operations in other parts of the globe too; it played an important role during the Iran?Iraq war, for instance. No country can increase its global reach without intelligence support. That India has made enormous strides in its stature and influence is testimony to R&AW?s success. Yet, public accounts of its work exist only in highly romanticised fictional stories. Investigative journalist Yatish Yadav follows the lives of real agents and maps their actions in real situations. His conversations with Indian spies provide insight into how covert operations actually work. RAW: A History of India?s Covert Operations is the first comprehensive account of Indian spy networks and their intelligence gathering, and their role in securing and advancing Indian interests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JMPV3752,2020-08-03,Yatish Yadav,Westland Publications Limited,,2024-02-01T16:13:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3951,"Anglo-European Intelligence Cooperation: Britain in Europe, Europe in Britain",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Anglo-European-Intelligence-Cooperation-Britain-in-Europe-Europe-in-Britain/Ben-Jaffel/p/book/9781032089027,"This book investigates everyday practices of intelligence cooperation in anti-terrorism matters, with a specific focus on the relationship between Europe and Britain. The volume examines the effective involvement of British anti-terrorism efforts in European cooperation arrangements, which until now have been overshadowed by the UK-US ‘special relationship’ and by political debates that overstate the divide between Britain and continental Europe. In arguing that British intelligence has always had a European dimension, it provides a distinct perspective to the study of intelligence cooperation and the role of British intelligence therein. Mobilizing a ‘field theory’ approach, the book provides an original contribution to the understanding of intelligence cooperation by investigating everyday bureaucratic practices of ‘ground-level’ security professionals and police forces, embedded in a European ‘field’ structured around the exchange of anti-terror intelligence. It also accounts for the drivers behind cooperation by using ‘field analysis,’ which explains the trajectory and positioning of actors according to their ‘capitals’ rather than necessities dictated by threats or state decisions. This book will be of much interest to students of Security Studies, International Political Sociology, Intelligence Studies, and International Relations in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TL6K8UMD,2019-10-03,Hager Ben Jaffel,Routledge,,2024-02-01T16:10:35Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3952,"The Targeter: My Life in the CIA, Hunting Terrorists and Challenging the White House",Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/nada-bakos/the-targeter/9780316260459/,"A CIA analyst’s “revealing and utterly engrossing account” of the world of high-stakes foreign intelligence and her role within the campaign to stop top-tier targets inside Al-Qaida (Joby Warrick).In 1999, 30-year-old Nada Bakos moved from her lifelong home in Montana to Washington, D.C., to join the CIA. Quickly realizing her affinity for intelligence work, Nada was determined to rise through the ranks of the agency first as an analyst and then as a Targeting Officer, eventually finding herself on the frontline of America’s war against Islamic extremists.In this role, Nada was charged with determining if Iraq had a relationship with 9/11 and Al-Qaida, and finding the mastermind behind this terrorist activity: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Her team’s analysis stood the test of time, but it was not satisfactory for some members of the Administration.In a tight, tension-packed narrative that takes the reader from Langley deep into Iraq, Bakos reveals the inner workings of the Agency and the largely hidden world of intelligence gathering post 9/11. Entrenched in the world of the CIA, Bakos, along with her colleagues, focused on leading U.S. Special Operations Forces to the doorstep of one of the world’s most wanted terrorists.Filled with on-the-ground insights and poignant personal anecdotes, The Targeter shows us the great personal sacrifice that comes with intelligence work. This is Nada’s story, but it is also an intimate chronicle of how a group of determined, ambitious men and women worked tirelessly in the heart of the CIA to ensure our nation’s safety at home and abroad.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/58JTMPWD,2019-06-04,"Nada Bakos, Davin Coburn",Hachette Books,,2024-02-01T16:08:23Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3953,"‘Next to a battle lost, the greatest misery is a battle gained’: the Battle of Waterloo - myth and reality",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1775348,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MDEC3C3P,2021-07-29,Jeff Bridoux,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:07:35Z,['8XA7D88D'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1775348,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3030212771,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 3954,Nikolay Dolgopolov: the storyteller of Soviet intelligence history,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1805167,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P2DNUILY,2021-07-29,Filip Kovacevic,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:07:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1805167,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3049153378,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3049153378,2023.0,2026.0,2020.0,,3.0 3955,Russian covert operations: using history to establish motivations and bounds,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1794302,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXCM3C23,2021-07-29,Kevin P. Riehle,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:06:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK']",10.1080/02684527.2020.1794302,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3044632966,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3044632966,2023.0,2023.0,2020.0,,3.0 3956,Robust-satisficing ethics in intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1901404,"Diverse methodologies are employed for ethical intelligence analysis and operations: Kantian deontology optimizes fidelity to moral axioms; pragmatic realism optimally achieves righteous goals (usually national interests); consequentialism optimally balances moral good and bad. Each methodology optimizes an ethically significant entity. Uncertainty adversely impacts ethical intelligence. We develop a distinct methodology for ethical analysis of intelligence under deep uncertainty: satisfice the ethical entity and maximize the robustness to uncertainty. The outcome isn’t necessarily ethically optimal, but it’s ethically adequate over the maximal range of unknown futures. This robust-satisficing methodology is developed generically, and demonstrated for consequentialism on a hypothetical realistic example.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RHCFZC7F,2021-07-29,Yakov Ben-Haim,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:06:32Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1901404,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3139333782,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3139333782,2023.0,2025.0,2021.0,,2.0 3957,Spy time: the hunt for chronophages,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1882807,"Time creates issues for the intelligence community in its four basic meanings: as an objective measure of the duration between events; as a subjective experience; as a component of the spacetime coordinates locating a target; and as a temporal sequence that can suggest causality or attribution. Latency measures the freshness of intelligence reports and perishability the time over which the content will be sensitive. The use of intelligence by military command is governed by time considerations as is the application and development of technology to overcome the constraints of time. The digital age, and digital media, pose new problems as well as solutions to these problems.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A6WWB2M4,2021-07-29,David Omand,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:06:21Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1882807,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3128682335,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 3958,Intelligence oversight systems in Uganda: challenges and prospects,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1888201,This paper highlights deficiencies in Uganda’s national security civilian intelligence services’ oversight systems and their implications for the democratic governance of the security sector. It argues that the intelligence sub-sector in Uganda still lags behind as far as adhering to democratic governance norms is concerned. The legislature and civil society organizations which are supposed to ensure that intelligence organizations operate within the rule of law find veritable challenges due to some legislative ambiguities. The paper recommends that the laws governing intelligence services should be amended to give more definite mandates to the legislature and other oversight bodies.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EREN8LA4,2021-07-29,Asiimwe Solomon Muchwa,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:05:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1888201,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3129756619,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3129756619,2024.0,2024.0,2021.0,,3.0 3959,"The Security Intelligence Agencies in New Zealand: evolution, challenges and progress",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1901409,"This article shows the way in which official security agencies in New Zealand have grown and evolved since 1840. It displays a country which has shown itself repeatedly willing to accept the needs for security intelligence agencies and all of their associated relationships. However, successive generations have increasingly placed restraints around them to ensure that the practices and principles that such agencies operate are in accordance with the restraints and standards that New Zealanders value.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6FJ5NN84,2021-07-29,"Alexander Gillespie, Claire Breen",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:05:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1901409,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3138418487,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138418487,2021.0,2025.0,2021.0,,0.0 3960,Stay-behind networks and interim flexible strategy: the ‘Gladio’ case and US covert intervention in Italy in the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1911436,"This article presents a study on the Italian stay-behind network ‘Gladio’ based on documentary evidence from the Italian secret services made available in recent years. The aim is to re-contextualize the Italian experience with stay-behind networks and use it as a tool to analyse American covert intervention in the country, as well as broader issues of policymaking and strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EE5TL868,2021-07-29,Francesco Cacciatore,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:04:42Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1911436,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3156651007,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3156651007,2021.0,2026.0,2021.0,,0.0 3961,Understanding the complexity of intelligence problems,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1881865,"The complexity of an intelligence problem determines to a great extent the certainty that can be provided by intelligence and security services. This article will argue this deductively and validate this claim using a set of intelligence reports produced by the Dutch Intelligence & Security Service (AIVD). A better understanding of how the level of complexity affects intelligence analysis is helpful for the further (academic) study of analysis methodologies, as well as for managing expectations of intelligence clients, and for informing the debates over legislation that affects intelligence and security services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZK7DT29K,2021-07-29,Christiaan Menkveld,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:03:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1881865,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3126704106,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3126704106,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1881865?needAccess=true,1.0 3962,"‘No, we don’t know where Tupac is’: critical intelligence studies and the CIA on social media",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893079,"Since joining Twitter in 2014, the CIA has used social media to show an uncharacteristically humorous side to an institution more commonly associated with espionage and secrecy. In light of this representation, we analyse the CIA’s tweets and public responses to them by building upon recent work on critical intelligence studies. We argue that the CIA’s use of social media is a continuation of the CIA’s intervention in popular culture that is vital to the legitimation of the Agency’s actions. In doing so we demonstrate the contribution that discourse analysis can make to intelligence studies in the digital age.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IL4IK64W,2021-06-07,"Rhys Crilley, Louise Pears",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:02:32Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1893079,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3136842059,13.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3136842059,2021.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/55430.html>,0.0 3963,Queering intelligence studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893078,"This essay proposes ‘queering’ Intelligence Studies through a critical analysis of recent U.S. Intelligence Community diversity initiatives that aim to create workplaces more inclusive of LGBTQ members. In doing so, the essay advances queer theory as a resource that can improve intelligence organizing through critique of dominant approaches to diversity management. Shifting from a focus on identity categories to normativity can reveal entrenched institutional assumptions and inequities that undermine diversity initiatives. The essay also describes how queer theory complicates the uncritical celebration of LGBTQ inclusivity within the U.S. Intelligence Community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L3AXLX5W,2021-06-07,"Hamilton Bean, Mia Fischer",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:02:20Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1893078,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3137361186,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3137361186,2021.0,2024.0,2021.0,,0.0 3964,“Don’t keep mum”: critical approaches to the narratives of women intelligence professionals,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893077,"Drawing upon a rise of women’s publicly shared narratives in the UK and US in the previous two decades, this article aims to challenge traditional perceptions of intelligence employment, finding that gender is an influential factor in career experiences and trajectories. We can gain unique insights into organizational practices and cultures by analyzing the ways in which women speak about their careers. Narratives are valuable but underutilized sources in intelligence studies. In incorporating critical approaches to women’s narratives, the intention is to move beyond the ‘finding’ of women in intelligence history to reveal a more nuanced understanding of intelligence work.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7JDKBY74,2021-06-07,Jess Shahan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:02:08Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1893077,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3138400653,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138400653,2021.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893077,0.0 3965,On the critical utility of complexity theory in intelligence studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893076,Today’s intelligence issues are more readily understandable against the background of increased complexity. Complexity also contributes to a proliferation of theories of intelligence and a postpositivist turn in this. Complexity theory and a critical approach of intelligence are combined to increase the understanding of intelligence and to show how complexity can improve intelligence through agent-based modelling.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KBC5SKDK,2021-06-07,"Bram Spoor, Maarten Rothman",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:01:53Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1893076,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3137936485,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3137936485,2021.0,2024.0,2021.0,,0.0 3966,Intelligence analysis as cryptic hermeneutics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893075,"The aim of this article is to show the extent to which scholars have not fully explored the hermeneutical dimension of Sherman Kent’s methodology and its practical implications for intelligence analysis. However, a critical analysis of Kent’s ‘positivist’ epistemology is necessary to understand some major intelligence failures made by the CIA during the Cold War. Drawing on the historic examples of Guatemala (1953–1954) and the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), this article advocates introducing a critical discourse analysis approach along with an evidence-based reasoning methodology for the study and practice of intelligence analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RI2GQ5U3,2021-06-07,Boris Delagenière,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:01:41Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1893075,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3137499457,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3137499457,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,,1.0 3967,"Secrecy, evidence, and fear: exploring the construction of intelligence power with Actor-Network Theory (ANT)",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893074,"This article develops a critical notion of intelligence power, building on a developing rhetorical understanding of intelligence power within Critical Intelligence Studies (CIS) and intelligence’s impact already identified in the important case of Collin Powell’s 2003 United Nations (UN) speech. Using concepts from Actor-Network Theory (ANT), which perceives power as relationally constructed, the article argues the value of exploring how intelligence’s political impact can be conceptually tied to its institutional form and process. This approach steers Intelligence Studies (IS) away from an inward-looking understanding of intelligence, fundamentally involving intelligence’s impact with the political and social world in understanding what it is.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XRJ26HI7,2021-06-07,"T. W. van de Kerke, C. W. Hijzen",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T16:01:27Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1893074,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3137113056,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3137113056,2023.0,2023.0,2021.0,,2.0 3968,Reflexive intelligence and converging knowledge regimes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893073,"What is true, or counts as a fact, for whom, under what circumstances, and what are the consequences? This article argues for the need for a reflexive attitude, as the object and subject of knowledge cannot be separated entirely. Intelligence is discussed in terms of a knowledge regime, with various transversal links to other security-related knowledge regimes: judicial and law enforcement, political and policy, news and social media, and science. Various examples illustrate some of the inherent tensions as knowledge flows from one domain to another. However, there are also signs of convergence among these knowledge regimes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXW3D7GH,2021-06-07,Peter de Werd,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T15:57:51Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1893073,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3138682914,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138682914,2021.0,2025.0,2021.0,,0.0 3969,A whole of society intelligence approach: critical reassessment of the tools and means used to counter information warfare in the digital age,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893072,"The aim of this paper is to critically reflect on why scholars need to reevaluate the definition of intelligence practices in the 21st century. Our assessment starts with digital communication advancements and their progressive appropriation by power agents to the benefit of propaganda, disinformation, and political manipulation. While analyzing the very nature of intelligence as being ‘institutionally’ and ‘nationally’ constructed, the paper advances a new, deeply societal model in which intelligence is de-reified and approached as key instrument in diverting the use of digital communication to de-construct polarizing narratives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ARGTVRDF,2021-06-07,"Cristina Ivan, Irena Chiru, Rubén Arcos",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T15:57:33Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1893072,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3138425652,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3138425652,2021.0,2026.0,2021.0,,0.0 3970,A milestone in encryption control – what sank the US key-escrow policy?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2024.2304933,"In the 1990s, the US government recognised its citizens required cryptography for protection of digital data but also that encryption may impede law enforcement and intelligence collection. To reconcile these, President Clinton introduced the key-escrow policy, whereby the state would provide citizens with powerful encryption software whilst retaining decryption capabilities. The policy ultimately failed – the determinant reason for its discontinuation is unknown. This article posits and evidences that industry’s argument that key-escrow would curtail the global growth of the US technology sector was the determinant factor in the policy’s discontinuation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BJ95SU94,2024-01-31,"Craig Jarvis, Keith M. Martin",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T15:24:30Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'T92JK7A5', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2024.2304933,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391384320,22.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391384320,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,,1.0 3971,"Why still critical? Critical intelligence studies positioned in scholarship on security, war, and international relations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893071,"The launch of ‘critical intelligence studies’ (CIS) as an academic subfield in intelligence and a new strand in critical scholarship is a unique opportunity to proceed at both registers. This article positions CIS in IR-related critical studies by focusing on ‘critical security studies’ (CSS) and ‘critical war studies’ (CWS). What are the implications of the basic assumptions, concepts, theories, and methods of CSS and CWS for developing CIS? In response, CIS will be analyzed at different normative, epistemological, ontological, and methodological levels. Various implications, suggestions, and recommendations emerge from this study, seeking to contribute to critical scholarship and CIS’ research agenda.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7Y5AV633,2021-06-07,Berma Klein Goldewijk,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:26:42Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1893071,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3139023810,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3139023810,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893071,1.0 3972,Critical intelligence studies: introduction to the special issue,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1893068,This introduction to the special issue describes recent developments in intelligence studies that support the establishment of a critical intelligence studies (CIS) subfield. It reviews work published both within and outside the field of intelligence studies to outline the general commitments and orientations of CIS. It concludes by previewing the essays collected for this special issue.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GXPCBDPF,2021-06-07,"Hamilton Bean, Peter de Werd, Cristina Ivan",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:26:18Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1893068,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3139330848,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3139330848,2021.0,2025.0,2021.0,,0.0 3973,"Law, Politics and Intelligence: A life of Robert Hope",Book,https://www.newsouthbooks.com.au/books/law-politics-and-intelligence-46125/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7M7UU4RS,2020-03-01,Peter Edwards,NewSouth Books,,2024-02-01T13:12:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3974,Venice's Secret Service: Organizing Intelligence in the Renaissance,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/venices-secret-service-9780198791317,"Venice's Secret Service is the untold and arresting story of the world's earliest centrally-organised state intelligence service. Long before the inception of SIS and the CIA, in the period of the Renaissance, the Republic of Venice had masterminded a remarkable centrally-organised state intelligence organisation that played a pivotal role in the defence of the Venetian empire. Housed in the imposing Doge's Palace and under the direction of the Council of Ten, the notorious governmental committee that acted as Venice's spy chiefs, this 'proto-modern' organisation served prominent intelligence functions including operations (intelligence and covert action), analysis, cryptography and steganography, cryptanalysis, and even the development of lethal substances. Official informants and amateur spies were shipped across Europe, Anatolia, and Northern Africa, conducting Venice's stealthy intelligence operations. Revealing a plethora of secrets, their keepers, and their seekers, Venice's Secret Service explores the social and managerial processes that enabled their existence and that furnished the foundation for an extraordinary intelligence organisation created by one of the early modern world's most cosmopolitan states.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z4QXCL45,2019,Ioanna Iordanou,Oxford University Press,,2021-11-22T20:49:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3975,China’s maritime strategy and national security in the South China Sea,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1620548,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HK6K8N6,2021-04-16,John Robert Wood,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:08:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1620548,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2945448756,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2945448756,2020.0,2025.0,2019.0,,1.0 3976,Reflections on Beirut Rules: the wider consequences of US foreign and security policy in Lebanon in the 1980s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1762298,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BS8XCMXA,2021-04-16,Jeffrey G. Karam,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:07:58Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1762298,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3024904367,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3024904367,2024.0,2025.0,2020.0,,4.0 3977,"Party politics and intelligence: the Labour Party, British intelligence and oversight, 1979-1994",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1874102,"For much of the 20th Century, intelligence and security was a taboo subject for Parliamentarians. While Labour backbenchers had suspicions of the secret state, there was a long-held bipartisan consensus that debates on intelligence were ‘dangerous and bad’. Yet by the 1970s, new disclosures on the activities of foreign intelligence and domestic surveillance eroded this consensus with the Labour Party willing to push for greater accountability and oversight of the UK’s intelligence agencies. This article looks at how, through the campaign to reform intelligence oversight, Labour pushed for changes reflected in later legislation. It also explores Labour’s attitudes to intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S5JQAYX2,2021-04-16,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:07:34Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'DVEM4H4W', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1874102,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3120730267,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3120730267,2021.0,2024.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1874102?needAccess=true,0.0 3978,Reappraising the effectiveness of intelligence methods of a violent non-state sovereignty: a case-study of the SPLA insurgency in the Sudan (1983 – 2005),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1866380,"The development of Intelligence Studies has provided new and exciting insights into war, societies, ideologies, institutions, and even cultures and mindsets, even if the geographical reach of these studies has been largely limited to the West. One area that remains under-studied in general is that of insurgent intelligence, thereby underplaying the significance of a factor that can be pivotal in any armed conflict. This is particularly the case with regard to Africa. We still know very little about the role of insurgent intelligence apparatuses in this region, much less their perceptions and mental models of the world at large. This article seeks to address this situation by providing a case study of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). It draws on John Gentry’s framework for analysing non-state actor intelligence to set out the characteristics of the SPLA as an intelligence actor and to better understand its trajectory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2WEULRP2,2021-04-16,Majak D’Agoôt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:07:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'EJW4BLAR']",10.1080/02684527.2020.1866380,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3116082877,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3116082877,2022.0,2025.0,2020.0,,2.0 3979,Michael Polanyi and the epistemology of intelligence analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1836828,"Epistemology is at the heart of the intelligence analysis profession. Michael Polanyi’s concepts of ‘tacit knowing’ and ‘personal knowledge’ offers a more precise account for understanding the tacit process of skilfully solving problems of epistemic complexity, along with a deeper appreciation for the personal aspect of knowledge. Examining this conceptual framework offers an opportunity for re-cognizing key features of this profession, especially the personal and tacit dimensions involved in analysis. These examinations aim to contribute towards the training and education of analysts, along with offering the individual analyst a detailed language and logic for reflection and self-exploration regarding their practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5JV93C8U,2021-04-16,Owen Ormerod,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:06:44Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1836828,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3094053799,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3094053799,2021.0,2023.0,2020.0,,1.0 3980,‘The tortuousness of our Albanian allies’: Special Operations Executive in Albania through the eyes of Anthony Quayle’s Eight hours from England,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1877870,"This article reveals the issues that SOE operatives faced in Albania by exploring Anthony Quayle’s 1945 spy novel Eight hours from England, which was based on Quayle’s experiences as a secret agent in Albania. It details SOE’s inability to achieve effective relations with communist and anti-communist resistance networks which, while claiming to be fighting the Axis occupiers, were more interested in fighting each other. Also, this article will demonstrate the psychological toll that this mission had on Quayle as he changed from being enthusiastic for success to expressing an abhorrence for his Albanian allies after countless setbacks and betrayals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WCVS8RX3,2021-04-16,Jonathan Best,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:06:32Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1877870,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3126401251,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3126401251,2022.0,2022.0,2021.0,,1.0 3981,City council and national security: oversight of local counterterrorism and security intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1837450,"Following 11 September 2001, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) established and expanded counterterrorism and security intelligence capacities to an extent unprecedented for an American local government. These powers necessitated new legislative oversight responsibilities. While the NYPD’s efforts to address terrorism have received scholarly attention, City Council oversight of those efforts has not. This study helps fill that gap by examining the amount and nature of City Council – specifically the Committee on Public Safety – oversight hearings pertaining to terrorism and its mitigation. It also discusses additional City Council oversight options and needed research directions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BY4YWS3F,2021-04-16,"Jeffrey Milliman, Michael Landon-Murray",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:06:11Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2020.1837450,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3093736221,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3093736221,2023.0,2026.0,2020.0,,3.0 3982,"A prominent spy: Mehdi Ben Barka, Czechoslovak intelligence, and Eastern Bloc espionage in the Third World during the Cold War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1844363,"The 1965 disappearance of Mehdi Ben Barka in Paris, the catalyst of one of the greatest political scandals in the history of post-war France, is still shrouded in mystery several decades later. Newly declassified documents from Czech archives have shed light on the final years of the Moroccan politician’s life, revealing that Ben Barka had cooperated with Czechoslovak intelligence from 1961 until his abduction. The aim of this study is to assess the nature of this partnership and demonstrate the activities, methods, and aims of Czechoslovak intelligence in the Third World during the 1960s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RSNFFM4Y,2021-04-16,Jan Koura,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T13:05:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1844363,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3099398124,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3099398124,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,,1.0 3983,Ex-MI6 boss warns UK not equipped to deal with Chinese spies,Newspaper article,https://www.itv.com/news/2024-01-27/ex-mi6-boss-voices-fears-over-british-intelligence-blind-spot-with-beijing,He added that spies from China are willing to do ‘whatever it takes’ to gather commercial and military intel. | ITV National News,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DNLB82ZM,2024-01-27T08:45:18Z,,,ITV News,2024-02-01T12:04:19Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3984,"The Rising Clamor: The American Press, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Cold War",Book,https://www.kentuckypress.com/9780813177373/the-rising-clamor,"The US intelligence community as it currently exists has been deeply influenced by the press. Although considered a vital overseer of intelligence activity, the press and its validity is often questioned, even by the current presidential administration. But dating back to its creation in 1947, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has benefited from relationships with members of the US press to garner public support for its activities, defend itself from its failures, and promote US interests around the world. Many reporters, editors, and publishers were willing and even eager to work with the agency, especially at the height of the Cold War. That relationship began to change by the 1960s when the press began to challenge the CIA and expose many of its questionable activities. Respected publications went from studiously ignoring the CIA's activities to reporting on the Bay of Pigs, CIA pacification programs in Vietnam, the CIA's war in Laos, and its efforts to use US student groups and a variety of other non-government organizations as Cold War tools. This reporting prompted the first major congressional investigation of the CIA in December 1974. In The Rising Clamor: The American Press, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Cold War, David P. Hadley explores the relationships that developed between the CIA and the press, its evolution over time, and its practical impact from the creation of the CIA to the first major congressional investigations of its activities in 1975–76 by the Church and Pike committees. Drawing on a combination of archival research, declassified documents, and more than 2,000 news articles, Hadley provides a balanced and considered account of the different actors in the press and CIA relationships, how their collaboration helped define public expectations of what role intelligence should play in the US government, and what an intelligence agency should be able to do.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FMJ9XYRE,2019-06-01,David P. Hadley,University Press of Kentucky,,2024-02-01T11:51:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3985,Activists Under Surveillance: The FBI Files,Book,https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262517898/activists-under-surveillance/,"Selections from FBI files on political activists including Betty Friedan, Abbie Hoffman, Martin Luther King, Aaron Swartz, and Malcolm X. The FBI has always kept tabs on political activists. During the directorship of J. Edgar Hoover, it was a Bureau-wide obsession. Did you see that guy who didn't quite look like a journalist, taking pictures at a demonstration? He was probably FBI. Did you say something mildly subversive in a radio interview? It went in your file. Did you attend a meeting of a left-leaning organization? The attendee who didn't contribute but took copious notes was possibly an informant. This third volume of selected FBI files liberated by MuckRock documents the FBI's pursuit of activists and dissenters ranging from Margaret Sanger to Malcolm X. Despite the absence of evidence, Hoover suspected Communist influence in every political protest. He grilled Martin Luther King, Jr., about Communist sympathizers in the civil rights movement (while offering reporters off-the-record hints about King's extramarital affairs). The Bureau investigated the supposed threat posed by Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers but not threats to them, even after the detonation of a bomb in their office. The Bureau persevered: files on Holocaust survivor Hedy Epstein cover six decades, from unfounded rumors of Communist connections to her participation in a Black Lives Matter demonstration. Recently, we hoped against hope that a former FBI director would save us from our current political predicament. These documents remind us of the FBI's troubling history. The Activists Roger Nash Baldwin, Cesar Chavez, Hedy Epstein, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Betty Friedan, Thelma Glass, Fred Hampton, Abbie Hoffman, Martin Luther King, Jr., Harvey Milk, Bayard Rustin, Margaret Sanger, Aaron Swartz, John Trudell, Malcolm X, Howard Zinn",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I8H9XP4S,2019-09-24,"J. Pat Brown, B. C. D. Lipton, Michael Morisy",MIT Press,,2024-02-01T11:48:39Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3986,Flexible versus structured support for reasoning: enhancing analytical reasoning through a flexible analytic technique,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1841466,"Structured analytic techniques (SATs) help the intelligence community reduce flaws in cognition that lead to faulty reasoning. To ascertain whether SATs provide benefits to reasoning we conducted an experiment within a web-based application, comparing three conditions: 1) unaided reasoning, 2) a prototypical order-based SAT and 3) a flexible, process-based SAT that we call TRACE. Our findings suggest that the more flexible SAT generated higher quality reasoning compared to the other conditions. Consequently, techniques and training that support flexible analytical processes rather than those that require a set sequence of steps may be more beneficial to intelligence analysis and complex reasoning. Keywords: structured analytical techniques, Analysis of Competing Hypotheses, tradecraft, cognitive biases, experiments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7QUSTQFX,2021-02-23,"Jennifer Stromer-Galley, Patricia Rossini, Kate Kenski, Brian McKernan, Benjamin Clegg, James Folkestad, Carsten Østerlund, Lael Schooler, Olga Boichak, Jordan Canzonetta, Rosa Mikeal Martey, Corey Pavlich, Eric Tsetsi, Nancy McCracken",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T11:47:35Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1841466,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3096818781,13.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3096818781,2022.0,2024.0,2020.0,"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/journal_volume/Intelligence_and_National_Security.html>,",2.0 3987,Cyber conflict vs. Cyber Command: hidden dangers in the American military solution to a large-scale intelligence problem,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1840746,"Is cyber conflict more like war, intelligence, or something else? The stakes of this debate are not simply conceptual but institutional. United States Cyber Command emerged from the American intelligence community, but it has strong legal and organizational imperatives to explain its operations in military terms. Even though cyber operations are essentially a digital manifestation of classic intelligence practice, or secret statecraft, CYBERCOM is emphatically not an intelligence organization. This contradiction between the nature of the problem and the bureaucratic solution has the potential to complicate both intelligence and cybersecurity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9HR5H8LF,2021-02-23,Jon R. Lindsay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T11:47:17Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1840746,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3095431463,68.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3095431463,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,,1.0 3988,The Iran nuclear archive: impressions and implications,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857086,"A review of selected on Iran’s nuclear weapons program seized by Israeli intelligence confirms that: senior Iranian officials had decided in the late 1990s to actually manufacture nuclear weapons and carry out an underground nuclear test; that Iran’s program to do so made more technical progress than had previously been understood; and that Iran had help from quite a number of foreign scientists, including access to several foreign nuclear weapon designs. The archive also leaves open a wide range of questions, including what Iran’s nuclear-weapons-related plans and activities have been in 17 years since 2003.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RX7JTJGS,2021-02-23,"Aaron Arnold, Matthew Bunn, Caitlin Chase, Steven E. Miller, Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, William H. Tobey",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T11:46:08Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1857086,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3118968228,41.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3118968228,2020.0,2025.0,2021.0,,-1.0 3989,Reflections on conveying uncertainty,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857083,"Reflections on the 2007 Iran nuclear NIE in light of later experience chairing the National Intelligence Council, and reading the commentaries in this special issue.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LRFVI4CJ,2021-02-23,Gregory F. Treverton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T11:45:51Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1857083,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3120178597,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3120178597,2021.0,2024.0,2021.0,,0.0 3990,The November 2007 Iran nuclear NIE: immediate aftermath,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857079,"Much of the conflict between the intelligence community (IC) and political leaders in the wake of the 2007 NIE on the Iranian nuclear program could have been avoided by closer contacts between the two groups before the NIE was complete. Such contact was inhibited by the bitter disputes that followed the invasion of Iraq, and the NIE itself led to a further deterioration of relations between the IC and policy-makers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VMZH85WX,2021-02-23,Robert Jervis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T11:45:29Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1857079,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3120480725,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857079?needAccess=true, 3991,"Tradecraft, the PIAB, and the 2007 NIE on Iran’s Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857078,"The Office of the Director of National Intelligence’s Office of Analytic Integrity and Standards (AIS) conducted a rigorous evaluation of the tradecraft underlying the 2008 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iran’s Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities. AIS’s director and senior officials from several IC elements briefed the President’s Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB) on the findings in order to demonstrate that the NIE manifested the Intelligence Community’s (IC’s) improved tradecraft capabilities. The PIAB’s response, however, was to criticize NIE’s substance and hence minimize the salience of its superior tradecraft. The result was a missed opportunity to bolster the IC’s reputation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SFCQTLR2,2021-02-23,Richard H. Immerman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T10:47:45Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1857078,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3120790609,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3120790609,2021.0,2022.0,2021.0,,0.0 3992,2007 Iran nuclear NIE: more of the story,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857076,"The 2007 Iran nuclear NIE has been revalidated many times but was extremely controversial at the time. Contrary to the expectations and wishes of the Intelligence Community, the President ordered declassification of the key judgments (3 pages of a 140-page analysis). This article examines the aftermath of that decision, including Congressional praise and criticism, ad hominem attacks seeking to discredit the analysis by attacking individuals, and lasting consequences that strengthen the case for delaying the release of intelligence assessments on controversial subjects.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZCHUGSXY,2021-02-23,Thomas Fingar,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T09:53:56Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1857076,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3119676102,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3119676102,2025.0,2025.0,2021.0,,4.0 3993,Reflections on the 2007 Iran NIE controversy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857074,"The 2007 NIE on Iran was controversial with and condemned by many policymakers, but – in a not untypical irony – shown ultimately to be correct. The controversy stemmed more from form than substance and from the unexpected and unplanned declassification of the NIE’s key judgments. The latter decision by the Bush administration threw it into a politically charged public arena at the moment when Washington and others were hotly debating decisions regarding Iranian sanctions. There are many lessons in this but chief among them is that how you say something in intelligence is often as important as what you say.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6A9XTY4M,2021-02-23,John E. McLaughlin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T09:53:38Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1857074,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3120608271,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 3994,Reevaluating the ‘externals’ and ‘internals’ of the 2007 Iran nuclear NIE,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857073,"This paper evaluates the November 2007 Iran Nuclear NIE in light of the intense public criticism it received. It assesses the reaction to the NIE’s “externals” (factors unrelated to their substantive content). Then it evaluates the NIE’s “internals” (their substantive content) in terms of the data available to the U.S. at the time of the NIE, the impact of subsequent data on Iran’s nuclear activities up to 2007, and the accuracy of NIE estimates of the future beyond 2007. Its main findings are: (1) NIE assessments of the past and present were extremely well-founded given the data available to the U.S. at the time. (2) Much of the data reported after the NIE’s publication on Iran’s pre-2007 activities confirmed NIE assessments. (3) The areas where post-NIE data most challenged those assessments had been flagged as areas of uncertainty; although that data can reasonably be interpreted to be conclude that Iran resumed its nuclear weapons program, the very substantial activities halted in 2003 and the very limited contributions of post-2003 activities are more consistent with the NIE judgment that the program remained halted and Iran was keeping its options open to resume the program in the future. (4) The NIE’s judgments of the future beyond 2007 seem to have held up very well. (5) The accusations made about the role of three former State Department officials, the alleged fabrication and manipulation of intelligence, and the putative skewing of the NIE to thwart U.S. policy were all egregiously false.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G45NL27X,2021-02-23,Vann H. Van Diepen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T09:52:59Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1857073,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3119027149,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3119027149,2024.0,2024.0,2021.0,,3.0 3995,CIA support to policymakers: the 2007 National Intelligence Estimate on Iran’s Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857072,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6C5IGNWE,2021-02-23,Gregory F. Treverton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T09:51:21Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1857072,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3120483740,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3120483740,2022.0,2023.0,2021.0,,1.0 3996,National Intelligence EstimateIran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities– Key Judgments,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857071,"Published in Intelligence and National Security (Vol. 36, No. 2, 2021)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W9PSX62P,2021-02-23,,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T09:50:59Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 3997,How could getting it right go so wrong? The 2007 Iran NIE revisited,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857070,"In November 2007, The National Intelligence Council issued an NIE, Iran’s Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities on the scope and status of Iran’s clandestine effort to build a nuclear weapon. Although the NIE remains classified, the descriptions of the Estimate offered in the reports and essays offered in this symposium describe the painstaking efforts made by professionals from across the intelligence community to get both the analysis and presentation of judgments right. The 2007 NIE accurately identified the fact that the Iranian government had suspended its clandestine effort to develop a nuclear weapon",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QI5EQDQE,2021-02-23,James J. Wirtz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T09:50:40Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1857070,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3119920918,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1857070?needAccess=true, 3998,Strategic Social Media Management in Conflict Zones through the Analysis of the Intelligence Cycle: Lessons Learned from the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict,Journal article,https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/hapscpbs/article/view/31000,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/46A3LFF3,2022-06-29,Zisis Kyrgos,,HAPSc Policy Briefs Series,2024-02-01T09:15:28Z,['Y959U28A'],10.12681/hapscpbs.31000,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293660167,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293660167,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/hapscpbs/article/download/31000/23805,2.0 3999,The European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS): Enhancing Counterterrorism and Counterintelligence Efforts,Journal article,https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/hapscpbs/article/view/36658,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CPS52JDX,2023-12-31,Anastasios Nikolaos Kanellopoulos,,HAPSc Policy Briefs Series,2024-02-01T09:14:27Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.12681/hapscpbs.36658,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391661956,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391661956,2025.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/hapscpbs/article/download/36658/27672,2.0 4000,The Moscow Rules: The Secret CIA Tactics That Helped America Win the Cold War,Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/antonio-j-mendez/the-moscow-rules/9781541762176/?lens=publicaffairs,"From the spymaster and inspiration for the movie Argo, discover the “real-life spy thriller” of the brilliant but under-supported CIA operatives who developed breakthrough spy tactics that helped turn the tide of the Cold War (Malcolm Nance). Antonio Mendez and his future wife Jonna were CIA operatives working to spy on Moscow in the late 1970s, at one of the most dangerous moments in the Cold War. Soviets kept files on all foreigners, studied their patterns, and tapped their phones. Intelligence work was effectively impossible. The Soviet threat loomed larger than ever. The Moscow Rules tells the story of the intelligence breakthroughs that turned the odds in America’s favor. As experts in disguise, Antonio and Jonna were instrumental in developing a series of tactics — Hollywood-inspired identity swaps, ingenious evasion techniques, and an armory of James Bond-style gadgets — that allowed CIA officers to outmaneuver the KGB. As Russia again rises in opposition to America, this remarkable story is a tribute to those who risked everything for their country, and to the ingenuity that allowed them to succeed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AGY4RN53,2019-05-21,"Antonio J. Mendez, Jonna Mendez",Hachette Books,,2024-02-01T08:23:28Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4001,"No Shadows in the Desert: Murder, Vengeance, and Espionage in the War Against ISIS",Book,https://www.harpercollins.com/products/no-shadows-in-the-desert-samuel-m-katz,The inside story of the covert operation that took down the heads of ISISNo Shadows in the Desert reveals the untold story of the behind-the-scenes fight against ISIS—one coordinated by heads of state and ultimately fought in the alleyways and open deserts of the Middle Eastern battlefield by,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2U2JX4I8,2020-04-21,Samuel M. Katz,Harper Collins Publishers,,2024-02-01T08:21:04Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4002,"Agents of Influence: A British Campaign, a Canadian Spy, and the Secret Plot to Bring America into World War II",Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/henry-hemming/agents-of-influence/9781541742116/?lens=publicaffairs,"The astonishing story of the British spies who set out to draw America into World War II As World War II raged into its second year, Britain sought a powerful ally to join its cause-but the American public was sharply divided on the subject. Canadian-born MI6 officer William Stephenson, with his knowledge and influence in North America, was chosen to change their minds by any means necessary. In this extraordinary tale of foreign influence on American shores, Henry Hemming shows how Stephenson came to New York–hiring Canadian staffers to keep his operations secret–and flooded the American market with propaganda supporting Franklin Roosevelt and decrying Nazism. His chief opponent was Charles Lindbergh, an insurgent populist who campaigned under the slogan “America First” and had no interest in the war. This set up a shadow duel between Lindbergh and Stephenson, each trying to turn public opinion his way, with the lives of millions potentially on the line.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QBIZWZ6Q,2019-10-08,Henry Hemming,Hachette Books,,2024-02-01T08:18:46Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4003,"The Authorised History of British Defence Economic Intelligence: A Cold War in Whitehall, 1929-90",Book,https://www.routledge.com/The-Authorised-History-of-British-Defence-Economic-Intelligence-A-Cold/Davies/p/book/9780367480486,"This book is the first history of UK economic intelligence and offers a new perspective on the evolution of Britain's national intelligence machinery and how it worked during the Cold War. British economic intelligence has a longer pedigree than the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) and was the vanguard of intelligence coordination in Whitehall, yet it remains a missing field in intelligence studies. This book is the first history of this core government capability and shows how central it was to the post-war evolution of Whitehall's national intelligence machinery. It places special emphasis on the Joint Intelligence Bureau and Defence Intelligence Staff - two vital organisations in the Ministry of Defence underpinning the whole Whitehall intelligence edifice, but almost totally ignored by historians. Intelligence in Whitehall was not conducted in a parallel universe. This contrasts with the conventional wisdom which accepts the uniqueness of intelligence as a government activity and is symbolised by the historical profile of the JIC. The study draws on the official archives to show that the mantra of the existence of a semi-autonomous UK intelligence community cannot be sustained against the historical evidence of government departments using the machinery of government to advance their traditional priorities. Rivalries within and between agencies and departments, and their determination to resist any central encroachment on their authority, emasculated a truly professional multi-skilled capability in Whitehall at the very moment when it was needed to address emerging global economic issues. This book will be of much interest to students of British government and politics, intelligence studies, defence studies, security studies and international relations in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FUFK72QQ,2020-01-14,Peter Davies,Routledge,,2024-02-01T08:15:55Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'TEMXY72R']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4004,Explaining the depth and breadth of international intelligence cooperation: towards a comprehensive understanding,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1821461,"Despite neorealism's predominance in the academic debate, it is too narrow a basis for the comprehensive understanding of present-day international intelligence cooperation. This approach is perfectly capable of explaining what is currently not happening in international intelligence cooperation and why this is the case. However, it is inadequate to understand what does happen in international intelligence cooperation. To explain international intelligence cooperation, especially in long-standing multilateral arrangements such as the EU and NATO, additional approaches are needed. This article advocates stepping beyond a state-centric approach of international intelligence cooperation, viewing it as a process and using a sociological perspective.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2EMFNR29,2021-01-02,Pepijn Tuinier,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T08:15:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1821461,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3088760798,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3088760798,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,,1.0 4005,"The limited influence of competitive intelligence over corporate strategy in Israel: historical, organizational, conceptual, and cultural explanations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1796338,"Strategic intelligence in national security enjoys an elevated status. Despite past failures and current challenges, its role in analysing the strategic environment is considered crucial for practising strategy. In the business world, competitive intelligence (CI) has evolved for a similar purpose: understanding the competitive environment, as a foundation for strategy. The current article focuses on the Israeli business world, where CI’s influence on corporate strategy is limited, reflecting the broader state of CI's immature academic and professional foundations. The article provides historical, organizational, conceptual, and cultural explanatory hypotheses for this minor impact of CI in Israel, a country where national intelligence is a highly influential institution. It thus broadens the scope of traditional intelligence studies and can contribute to CI scholarship.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GMLDDILQ,2021-01-02,Itai Shapira,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T08:13:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1796338,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3045102285,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3045102285,2022.0,2025.0,2020.0,,2.0 4006,Shadowing ‘the exceptional’ behind the ‘ordinary’: mapping a network of intelligence laundering,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1791488,"Under the imperative of ‘prevention’, the process of information production for investigatory purposes forms a crossover between intelligence gathering and law enforcement. Digital surveillance programmes collect personal data prior to any probable cause of suspicion, whereas law enforcement activities are concerned with collecting evidence of crimes after the event. When future looking preventative approaches to the prosecution of crimes are forced into the linear, temporal narrative by which criminal investigations unfold, a tension emerges. The article demonstrates the ultimate incompatibility between ‘out of the ordinary’ intelligence activities and ‘ordinary’ criminal investigations by unearthing the procedural character behind evidence laundering.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q8X8GW4A,2021-01-02,"Vanessa Ugolini, M. L. R. Smith",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T08:13:29Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1791488,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3040762687,0.0,True,,,,2020.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Shadowing_the_exceptional_behind_the_ordinary_mapping_a_network_of_intelligence_laundering/27041902, 4007,Compartmentalized minds: the Communist security services’ understanding of the Western espionage threat to the Communist bloc during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1815456,"Marxism-Leninism required the counter-intelligence officers of the East German Stasi and Soviet KGB to believe in a Western espionage threat to their states which was far greater and more malevolent than was actually the case. In fact, the two counter-intelligence staffs knew that the Western states were trying to create small agent networks on their territory, tasked only with collecting intelligence. This accurate understanding enabled them to contain Western espionage during the Cold War. They ‘compartmentalized’ their knowledge of the real Western espionage threat from their belief in a much greater threat. They believed in one, but knew of another.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6VA7NNS7,2021-01-02,Paul Maddrell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T08:12:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2020.1815456,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3089284062,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3089284062,2021.0,2021.0,2020.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Compartmentalized_minds_the_communist_security_services_understanding_of_the_Western_espionage_threat_to_the_communist_bloc_during_the_Cold_War/12922508,1.0 4008,"Small state or minor power? New Zealand’s Five Eyes membership, intelligence reforms, and Wellington’s response to China’s growing Pacific role",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1812876,"This article uses the lens of small state theory to assess New Zealand’s role in the Five Eyes Alliance and Wellington’s implementation of intelligence reforms in the last seven years that are intended to help the country deal with a transformed security environment. In this context, New Zealand decision-makers have become increasingly concerned about growing Chinese influence in the South Pacific region and in New Zealand itself. It is clear that the New Zealand’s response to these developments resembles that of a minor power rather than a classical small state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NZPA5KGG,2021-01-02,"Austin Gee, Robert G. Patman",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T08:11:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1812876,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3082282782,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3082282782,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,,1.0 4009,"‘Extremely valuable work’: British intelligence and the interrogation of refugees in London, 1941–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1806474,"This article focuses on the compulsory questioning of over 30,000 refugees who escaped to Britain during the Second World War and who were detained in London’s Royal (Victoria) Patriotic School. It answers three questions: how did intelligence come to see non-British civilians as sources; what characteristics did refugees possess and how did these influence the information they shared; and who was interested in their accounts? It argues that, while this site was set up as an MI5 vetting camp for the identification of Axis agents, it quickly evolved into an intelligence-gathering centre, serving the interests of multiple departments and organisations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IHRPFTF2,2021-01-02,Artemis Joanna Photiadou,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-02-01T08:10:53Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1806474,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3046970015,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3046970015,2021.0,2021.0,2020.0,https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/105871/1/AJPhotiadou_INS_3.pdf,1.0 4010,The Skripal Files: The Life and Near Death of a Russian Spy,Book,https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250207722/the-skripal-files,"The Skripal Files tells the full story behind the Salisbury Poisonings, one of the most shocking incidents to occur in Britain in recent memory. Mark Urban interviewed Sergei Skripal in the months before the poisoning and explains why Skripal was targeted for assassination.'A scrupulous piece of reporting, necessary, timely and very sobering' John Le CarréChosen as one of the best political books of 2018 by the Sunday Times4 March 2018, Salisbury, England.Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia were enjoying a rare and peaceful Sunday spent together, completely unaware that they had been poisoned with the deadly nerve agent Novichok. Hours later both were found slumped on a park bench close to death.Following their attempted murders on British soil, Russia was publicly accused by the West of carrying out the attack, marking a new low for international relations between the two since the end of the Cold War.The Skripal Files is the definitive account of how Skripal’s story fits into the wider context of the new spy war between Russia and the West. The book explores the time Skripal spent as a spy in the Russian military intelligence, how he was turned to work as an agent by MI6, his imprisonment in Russia and his eventual release as part of a spy-swap that would bring him to Salisbury where, on that fateful day, he and his daughter found themselves fighting for their lives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NR2FWIXF,2018-10-04,Mark Urban,Macmillan,,2024-01-31T23:51:43Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4011,The Spy in Moscow Station: A Counterspy’s Hunt for a Deadly Cold War Threat,Book,https://www.iconbooks.com/ib-title/the-spy-in-moscow-station/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UJDZM8AP,2019-05-09,Eric Haseltine,Icon Books,,2024-01-31T23:49:37Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4012,To Catch a Spy: The Art of Counterintelligence,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/To-Catch-a-Spy,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZDLKS6MN,2019-05-01,James M. Olson,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-31T23:48:22Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4013,R.N. Kao: Gentleman Spymaster,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/in/rn-kao-9789354358913/,"The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), India's foreign intelligence organisation, is one of the most respected institutions in the world of espionage and foreign intelligence today. It has played a vital role in almost all of the landmark events in India's recent history-from the 1971 war to the merger of Sikkim, from discovering Pakistan's nuclear programme to the recent Balakot operation. Yet, as befits its role, very little is known about the organisation. Equally little is known about its founder, Rameshwar Nath Kao or RNK. An intensely private man, RNK was the classical spymaster who operated in the shadows but built enduring institutions. A ruthless professional who believed in putting national interest above his personal preferences, RNK was also the creator of the secretive Aviation Research Centre, India's premier technical intelligence agency. His finest hour was the role played by R&AW in the creation of Bangladesh.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XSAD99K7,2022-06-22,Nitin A. Gokhale,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-31T23:44:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4014,Effectiveness fettered by bureaucracy : why surveillance technology is not evaluated,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1772539,"The evaluation of the effectiveness of surveillance technology in intelligence agencies and oversight bodies is notably lacking. Assessments of surveillance technology concerning legal compliance, cost, and matters of privacy occupy a solid place, but effectiveness is rarely considered. Bureaucracy may explain this absence. Applying James Q. Wilson’s observations on bureaucracy reveals that effectiveness is minimally treated because it is more difficult to evaluate than budget assessments and legal compliance, and because intelligence outcomes are unobservable and difficult to oversee. Effectiveness evaluation is thus fettered by bureaucracy. Considerations of bringing in effectiveness assessment must appreciate the realities of bureaucratic constraints to be successful.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J9SVJ9UK,2020-11-09,"Michelle Cayford, Wolter Pieters",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T23:43:42Z,['28B8SB3Y'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1772539,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3034610684,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3034610684,2021.0,2024.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2020.1772539?needAccess=true,1.0 4015,Britain’s European connection in counter-terrorism intelligence cooperation: everyday practices of police liaison officers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1778857,"This article discusses counter-terrorism intelligence cooperation between Britain and its mainland partners. In contrast to disciplinary assumptions whereby Britain is loosely connected to Europe, it argues that British intelligence has a European connection. This is supported by extensive ethnographic fieldwork with British counter-terrorism police liaison officers deployed in France and a reading of intelligence cooperation from a sociological perspective. In mobilising a Bourdieusian approach that focuses on the study of social actors and their practices, the article shows how British intelligence is embedded in European intelligence cooperation as well as the increasing place of law enforcement in counter-terrorism intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/893D7UAU,2020-11-09,Hager Ben Jaffel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T23:43:31Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1778857,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3034475591,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3034475591,2020.0,2026.0,2020.0,,0.0 4016,The third eye: Canada’s development of autonomous signals intelligence to contribute to Five Eyes intelligence sharing,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1768477,"Canada established independent signals intelligence in 1946, after years of British and American guidance. The dominant driver was inclusion in postwar intelligence sharing. Wartime intelligence negotiations depict Canadians framing themselves relative to their allies, seeking to shake off a ‘younger brother’ mindset and to migrate from British-led models towards autonomous intelligence sharing with the Americans. This paper traces the origins of autonomous Canadian signals intelligence in the context of postwar intelligence sharing with the United States and United Kingdom, demonstrating Canada’s prioritization of capabilities that would ensure inclusion in the intelligence-sharing partnership known today as Five Eyes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GWJMEM2V,2020-11-09,Maria A. Robson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T23:42:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2020.1768477,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3027389537,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3027389537,2023.0,2025.0,2020.0,,3.0 4017,Spies: The U.S. and Russian Espionage Game from the Cold War to the 21st Century,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/spies-9781440840425/,"In the post-World War II era, the Soviet Union and the United States wanted to gain the advantage in international security. Both engaged in intelligence gathering. This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the espionage game. For more than four decades after World War II, the quest for intelligence drove the Soviet Union and the United States to develop a high-stakes ""game"" of spying on one another throughout the Cold War. Each nation needed to be aware of and prepared to counter the capabilities of their primary nemesis. Therefore, as the Cold War period developed and technology advanced, the mutual goal to maintain up-to-date intelligence mandated that the process by which the ""game"" was played encompass an ever-wider range of intelligence gathering means. Covering far more than the United States and Soviet Union's use of human spies, this book examines the advanced technological means by which the two nations' intelligence agencies worked to ensure that they had an accurate understanding of the enemy. The easily accessible narrative covers the Cold War period from 1945 to 1989 as well as the post-Cold War era, enabling readers to gain an understanding of how the spies and elaborate espionage operations fit within the greater context of the national security concerns of the United States and the Soviet Union. Well-known Cold War historian Sean N. Kalic explains the ideological tenets that fueled the distrust and ""the need to know"" between the two adversarial countries, supplies a complete history of the technological means used to collect intelligence throughout the Cold War and into the more recent post-Cold War years, and documents how a mutual desire to have the upper hand resulted in both sides employing diverse and creative espionage methods.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9NX5KICS,2019-03-07,Sean N. Kalic,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-31T23:39:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4018,"Beyond Snowden: Privacy, Mass Surveillance, and the Struggle to Reform the NSA",Book,https://www.brookings.edu/books/beyond-snowden/,"Safeguarding our privacy and our values in an age of mass surveillance America’s mass surveillance programs, once secret, can no longer be ignored. While Edward Snowden began the process in 2013 with his leaks of top secret documents, the Obama administration’s own reforms have also helped bring the National Security Agency and its programs of signals intelligence collection out of the shadows. The real question is: What should we do about mass surveillance? Timothy Edgar, a long-time civil liberties activist who worked inside the intelligence community for six years during the Bush and Obama administrations, believes that the NSA’s programs are profound threat to the privacy of everyone in the world. At the same time, he argues that mass surveillance programs can be made consistent with democratic values, if we make the hard choices needed to bring transparency, accountability, privacy, and human rights protections into complex programs of intelligence collection. Although the NSA and other agencies already comply with rules intended to prevent them from spying on Americans, Edgar argues that the rules—most of which date from the 1970s—are inadequate for this century. Reforms adopted during the Obama administration are a good first step but, in his view, do not go nearly far enough. Edgar argues that our communications today—and the national security threats we face—are both global and digital. In the twenty first century, the only way to protect our privacy as Americans is to do a better job of protecting everyone’s privacy. Beyond Snowden explains both why and how we can do this, without sacrificing the vital intelligence capabilities we need to keep ourselves and our allies safe. If we do, we set a positive example for other nations that must confront challenges like terrorism while preserving human rights. The United States already leads the world in mass surveillance. It can lead the world in mass surveillance reform.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IJZZBAKD,2017-08-29,Timothy E. Edgar,Brookings Institute Press,,2024-01-31T23:36:27Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4019,"Chile, the CIA and the Cold War: A Transatlantic Perspective",Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-chile-the-cia-and-the-cold-war.html,"Reinterprets Chile and southern South America's Cold War experience from a transatlantic perspective Draws on archival sources from several countries, including recently declassified documents in the United States Explicitly connects Chile and the transatlantic origins of the whole Cold War to subsequent Chilean history from the late-1940s into the 1970s Acknowledges the importance and pertinence of intra-Latin American relations, particularly Chileans' relations with their neighbours Reconstructs Chile's early nuclear history and folds it into the larger whole of the Eisenhower administration's Atoms for Peace proposal and the IAEA's subsequent history, further mapping the emergence of the global nuclear landscape Find out more: listen to an interview with James Lockhart on the Scholars Strategy Network podcast James Lockhart blends Chilean, inter-American and transatlantic national, regional and world-historical trends into a century-long Cold War narrative. He argues that Chileans made their own history as highly engaged internationalists while reassessing American and other foreign-directed intelligence, surveillance and secret warfare operations in Chile and southern South America. The book transcends a well-known, US-centred historiography while offering a more equitable and global interpretation of Chile's Cold War experience than previously possible. This advances research that has progressively expanded the framework of Chile's Cold War experience since the arrest of General Augusto Pinochet in the UK for human rights violations more than 20 years ago.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UKRBEM2F,2019-02-01,James Lockhart,Edinburgh University Press,,2023-07-18T06:17:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4020,Principled spying: the ethics of secret intelligence,Book,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Principled-Spying,"Ethics, surveillance and secret intelligence: one of the central public policy issues of our time How to resolve the crucial tension between security and privacy- from domestic and international terrorism to serious criminality in cyberspace and everyday online security Intelligence expert Mark Phythian teams up with former head of Britain's GCHQ to resolve the knotty question of secret intelligence-and how far it should be allowed to go in a democratic society Clarifies the relationship between ethics and intelligence, both human and technical",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4FBJS5AD,2018,"David Omand, Mark Phythian",Georgetown University Press,,2020-07-21T21:45:45Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4021,Beauty is the troubled water that brings disasters: the making of the seductress-spy in Republican China (1911–1949),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1750820,"This article examines the origins of the Chinese seductress-spy to further existing literature on women and war, female archetypes and espionage in China. The diffusion of knowledge about women such as Mata Hari from the West to Republican China (1911–1949) developed a new female archetype that was neither Chinese nor Western, but both Chinese and Western. Instead of seeing Chinese seductress-spies as equivalent to their Western counterparts, we should see them as a uniquely gendered nationalist construct that had roots in the Japanese, English, as well as Chinese understanding of the role of women during wartime situations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GWEU5GA5,2020-09-18,Amanda Zhang,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T23:28:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1750820,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3016404147,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016404147,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,,1.0 4022,The Ghosts of Langley: Into the CIA's Heart of Darkness,Book,https://thenewpress.com/books/ghosts-of-langley,"During his first visit to Langley, the CIA’s Virginia headquarters, President Donald Trump told those gathered, “I am so behind you . . . there’s nobody I respect more, ” hinting that he was going to put more CIA operations officers into the field so the CIA could smite its enemies ever more forcefully. But while Trump was making these promises, behind the scenes the CIA was still reeling from blowback from the very tactics that Trump touted—including secret overseas prisons and torture—that it had resorted to a decade earlier during President George W. Bush’s war on terror.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YGDLCHFK,2017-11-01,John Prados,The New Press,,2024-01-31T23:21:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4023,The CIA and the Politics of US Intelligence Reform,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cia-and-the-politics-of-us-intelligence-reform/FDDB47B0D88F3F1FE128DB23964C9061,"Examining the political foundations of American intelligence policy, this book develops a new theory of intelligence adaptation to explain the success or failure of major reform efforts since World War II. Durbin draws on careful case histories of the early Cold War, the Nixon and Ford administrations, the first decade after the Cold War, and the post-9/11 period, looking closely at the interactions among Congress, executive branch leaders, and intelligence officials. These cases demonstrate the significance of two factors in the success or failure of reform efforts: the level of foreign policy consensus in the system, and the ability of reformers to overcome the information advantages held by intelligence agencies. As these factors ebb and flow, windows of opportunity for reform open and close, and different actors and interests come to influence reform outcomes. Durbin concludes that the politics of US intelligence frequently inhibit effective adaptation, undermining America's security and the civil liberties of its citizens.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EGN4PFM2,2017,Brent Durbin,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-31T23:19:18Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1017/9781316941317,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2739636645,53.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2739636645,2018.0,2025.0,2017.0,,1.0 4024,"Security, scandal and the security commission report, 1981",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1740387,"This research note introduces the December 1981 report of the Security Commission. This report was never released with the main conclusions forming the basis of a statement by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, published in May 1982. But the 1981 report is significant for a number of reasons. It was the first major review of government security since the Radcliffe Report of 1961, resulting in a number of recommendations that changed government vetting for the rest of the 1980s. The report also recommended the avowal of Britain’s foreign intelligence agency – a recommendation that proved especially controversial.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SRXQ2RL5,2020-07-28,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T23:18:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1740387,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3013954964,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3013954964,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/56748/3/FINAL%20Security%2C%20scandal%20and%20the%20Security%20Commission%20Report%2C%201981.pdf,1.0 4025,Strategic intelligence: a concentrated and diffused intelligence model,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1747004,"Both the discipline of strategic intelligence at the governmental level and the competitive intelligence discipline constitute accepted methods of supporting decision in order to avert mistakes and prevent strategic surprise. So far, research has focused on national intelligence and intelligence in business separately however, it is possible to use experience accumulated in the business field to improve intelligence practice in national security and vice versa . The central innovation of this article is that mutual learning can be utilized in the context of a model that makes a distinction between a ‘concentrated surprise’ and a ‘diffused surprise’ to provide a breakthrough in the intelligence field for better prediction of the development of surprises.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NLDMY64Y,2020-07-28,Avner Barnea,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T23:17:34Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2020.1747004,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3016134270,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016134270,2020.0,2026.0,2020.0,,0.0 4026,Former German spy chief investigated for rightwing extremism,Newspaper article,https://www.ft.com/content/e67e8084-78c5-4ed6-b3f4-22cbec8efdfd,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BZ5YPATA,2024-01-31,Sam James,,Financial Times,2024-01-31T23:07:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4027,"Intelligence, Biosecurity and Bioterrorism",Book,http://link.springer.com/10.1057/978-1-137-51700-5,"Asks: what role should intelligence play in the prevention, detection, disruption and containment of contemporary and emerging biothreats? Explores how intelligence can bring in other disciplines to help it understand bio-threats and risks, for example using epidemiologists, researchers and forensic specialists Examines how intelligence assets can prevent and manage biosecurity threats Speaks accessibly to intelligence analysts in particular and to those studying to become intelligence analysts",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PJSGML5A,2018,Patrick F. Walsh,Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2024-01-31T23:05:53Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1057/978-1-137-51700-5,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2892011743,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2892011743,2019.0,2025.0,2018.0,,1.0 4028,The Anatomy of a Traitor: A history of espionage and betrayal,Book,,"Could you betray your country? Not only turn your back on your friends, family, everything you have ever known but actively seek to destroy it? The Anatomy of a Traitor focuses on the critical moment in a spy s life: that split-second when they decide to embrace a double life; to cheat and hide and hurt; to risk disgrace even death without any guarantee of being rewarded or even recognised. Each chapter centres on different motives, exploring them through the stories of famous spies, such as the Cambridge Five, Sidney Reilly and Aldrich Ames, following the path they took that lead, finally, to their treachery. Through in-depth insider knowledge, Michael Smith also uncovers new and unknown cases, including ISIS, President Trump s links with Russia and Edward Snowden s role as a whistleblower to offer compelling psychological portrait of these men and women, homing unerringly on the fault-lines and shady corners of their characters, their weaknesses and their strengths, the lies they tell other people, and the lies they always end up telling themselves.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P6VYLHZZ,2017-06-08,Michael Smith,Aurum Press Ltd,,2024-01-31T23:05:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4029,The Future of Intelligence,Book,https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/The+Future+of+Intelligence-p-9781509520282,"Intelligence is, by definition, a shadowy business. Yet many aspects of this secret world are now more openly analyzed and discussed, a trend which has inevitably prompted lively debate about intelligence gathering and analysis: what should be allowed? What boundaries, if any, should be drawn? And what changes and challenges lie ahead for intelligence activities and agencies? In this compelling book, leading intelligence scholar Mark Lowenthal explores the future of intelligence. There are, he argues, three broad areas information technology and intelligence collection; analysis; and governance that indicate the potential for rather dramatic change in the world of intelligence. But whether these important vectors for change will improve how intelligence works or make it more difficult remains to be seen. The only certainty is that intelligence will remain an essential feature of statecraft in our increasingly dangerous world. Drawing on the authors forty years experience in U.S. intelligence, The Future of Intelligence offers a broad and authoritative starting point for the ongoing debate about what intelligence could be and how it may function in the years ahead.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U5DPYT83,2017-10-01,Mark M. Lowenthal,Wiley,,2024-01-31T23:02:38Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4030,Strategic intelligence as an art and a science: creating and using conceptual frameworks,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1681135,"This article describes a major output of strategic intelligence: conceptual frameworks. Drawing on concepts from epistemology, ontology, and analytical methodology, it finds a philosophical foundation for conceptual frameworks in pragmatism and the ideas of Wittgenstein. Through the production and use of conceptual frameworks, strategic intelligence is revealed as both art and science, performing both creation and discovery. The use of such frameworks enables strategic intelligence to notice shifts as they begin to emerge. The article highlights Israeli theoretical perspectives, illustrates the practical utility of conceptual frameworks by applying them to Israeli cases, and suggests that using them contributes to strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DK8J2J2P,2020-02-23,Itai Shapira,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:56:38Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1681135,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2982279257,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2982279257,2020.0,2024.0,2019.0,,1.0 4031,Intelligence studies programs as US public policy: a survey of IC CAE grant recipients,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1703487,"In 2005, the Intelligence Community Centers for Academic Excellence (IC CAE) grant was established to help strengthen and diversify the US intelligence workforce. Seed funds are provided for colleges and universities to establish academic programs and offer professional development opportunities. We surveyed grant recipients and compiled academic programs (degrees, minors and certificates) to gauge how well IC CAE is meeting stated objectives and to identify which program features are perceived as most valuable. We found 49 such academic programs, significant placements of IC CAE graduates in both governmental and non-governmental sectors, and high regard for most professional development opportunities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JFY38VTG,2020-02-23,"Michael Landon-Murray, Stephen Coulthart",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:56:23Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1703487,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2996729972,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2996729972,2020.0,2026.0,2019.0,,1.0 4032,An analytical framework for postmortems of European foreign policy: should decision-makers have been surprised?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1704384,"This paper develops a novel theoretical framework for the conduct of postmortems after major foreign policy surprises for the European Union and its member states. It proposes a taxonomy of surprise which elucidates how officials or organisations experience both sudden and slower-burning threats. It argues that foreign policy surprises in European settings require a closer look at who was surprised, in what way, and when. The paper outlines six vital performance criteria and three key attenuating factors, allowing us to better ground judgements about foreign policy performance as well as to advance realistic recommendations on how to improve.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SV4SJGRL,2020-02-23,"Nikki Ikani, Aviva Guttmann, Christoph O. Meyer",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:54:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1704384,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2993934730,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2993934730,2020.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2019.1704384?needAccess=true,0.0 4033,"Underground alliances and preventive strikes: British intelligence and secret diplomacy during the Napoleonic Wars, 1807-1810",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1700454,"This article examines the role of intelligence in the formation of British war policy during the Napoleonic Wars, 1807–1810. During this period, intelligence was conceived of broadly and was inseparably linked with secret diplomacy; to attempt to separate these strands would be anachronistic. It shall be argued that a lack of professionalism and institutional support was one of the key factors that limited the effectiveness of intelligence but that nevertheless it exerted a significant influence over Britain’s war policy. Ultimately, it is argued that the intelligence dimension is central to understanding British policy during the Napoleonic Wars.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DL5RVQQ7,2020-02-23,Barry O’Connell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:53:51Z,['8XA7D88D'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1700454,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2993677459,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2993677459,2020.0,2020.0,2019.0,,1.0 4034,Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Sir David Omand,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1706875,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9TDXSYJ7,2020-02-23,Damien Van Puyvelde,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:53:39Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1706875,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2997085176,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2997085176,2020.0,2022.0,2020.0,,0.0 4035,In the Enemy's House: The Secret Saga of the FBI Agent and the Code Breaker Who Caught the Russian Spies,Book,,"The New York Times bestselling author of Dark Invasion and The Last Goodnight once again illuminates the lives of little-known individuals who played a significant role in America&;s history as he chronicles the incredible true story of a critical, recently declassified counterintelligence mission and two remarkable agents whose story has been called ""the greatest secret of the Cold War.""In 1946, genius linguist and codebreaker Meredith Gardner discovered that the KGB was running an extensive network of strategically placed spies inside the United States, whose goal was to infiltrate American intelligence and steal the nation&;s military and atomic secrets. Over the course of the next decade, he and young FBI supervisor Bob Lamphere worked together on Venona, a top-secret mission to uncover the Soviet agents and protect the Holy Grail of Cold War espionage&;the atomic bomb.Opposites in nearly every way, Lamphere and Gardner relentlessly followed a trail of clues that helped them identify and take down these Soviet agents one by one, including Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. But at the center of this spy ring, seemingly beyond the American agents&; grasp, was the mysterious master spy who pulled the strings of the KGB&;s extensive campaign, dubbed Operation Enormoz by Russian Intelligence headquarters. Lamphere and Gardner began to suspect that a mole buried deep in the American intelligence community was feeding Moscow Center information on Venona. They raced to unmask the traitor and prevent the Soviets from fulfilling Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev&;s threat: ""We shall bury you!""A breathtaking chapter of American history and a page-turning mystery that plays out against the tense, life-and-death gamesmanship of the Cold War, this twisting thriller begins at the end of World War II and leads all the way to the execution of the Rosenbergs&;a result that haunted both Gardner and Lamphere to the end of their lives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LXICKDV2,2018-02-20,Howard Blum,HarperCollins,,2024-01-31T22:52:50Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4036,"Stalin's Defectors: How Red Army Soldiers became Hitler's Collaborators, 1941-1945",Book,https://academic.oup.com/book/26789,"Stalin’s Defectors is the first systematic study of the phenomenon of front-line surrender to the Germans in the Soviet Union’s ‘Great Patriotic War’ against the Nazis in 1941–5. No other Allied army in the Second World War had such a large share of defectors among its prisoners of war. Based on a broad range of sources, this book investigates the extent, the context, the scenarios, the reasons, the aftermath, and the historiography of front-line defection. It shows that the most widespread sentiment animating attempts to cross the front line was a wish to survive this war. Disgruntlement with Stalin’s ‘socialism’ was also prevalent among those who chose to give up and hand themselves over to the enemy. While politics thus played a prominent role in pushing people to commit treason, few desired to fight on the side of the enemy. Hence, while the phenomenon of front-line defection tells us much about the lack of popularity of Stalin’s regime, it does not prove that the majority of the population was ready for resistance, let alone collaboration. Both sides of a long-standing debate between those who equate all Soviet captives with defectors, and those who attempt to downplay the phenomenon, then, over-stress their argument. Instead, more recent research on the moods of both the occupied and the unoccupied Soviet population shows that the majority understood its own interest in opposition to both Hitler’s and Stalin’s regime. The findings of this book support such an interpretation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X8L9KDMA,2017-06-29,Mark Edele,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-31T22:50:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1093/oso/9780198798156.001.0001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2930032192,7.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2930032192,2018.0,2023.0,2017.0,http://hdl.handle.net/11343/238853,1.0 4037,Chikara Hashimoto on intelligence and counter-subversion during the twilight of the British Empire - an enduring scholarly legacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1603662,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U7LPUF9F,2020-01-02,"Geraint Hughes, R. Gerald Hughes",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:49:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1603662,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2942905491,0.0,True,,,,2019.0,http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/29462552/19_Hashimoto_Hughes_Hughes_FINAL.pdf, 4038,November 1983: the most dangerous moment of the cold war?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1664362,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M29HRRQC,2020-01-02,Len Scott,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:49:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1664362,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2974746153,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2974746153,2022.0,2023.0,2019.0,,3.0 4039,The legitimacy of intelligence surveillance: the fight against terrorism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1634389,"The activities of intelligence services and the expansion of their powers have moved to the center of public debates since the terrorist attacks in Europe. Major discussions have been focused on the mechanisms of mass surveillance, which entail the infringement of individual rights. The purpose of this article is to compare how surveillance powers of intelligence services in the Czech Republic and Slovakia developed in the context of fight against terrorism. Intelligence services in both countries tried to expand their surveillance powers and these attempts have been met with criticism from the political opposition, civil society and courts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2UCUQ42G,2020-01-02,"Martin Kovanic, Aneta Coufalova",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:48:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2019.1634389,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2955216593,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2955216593,2020.0,2026.0,2019.0,,1.0 4040,The US 2016 presidential election & Russia’s troll farms,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1673940,"The Russian Internet Research Agency (IRA) prosecuted an online campaign to undermine the 2016 US presidential election. It sought to accentuate existing social conflicts to affect the electoral behaviour of select groups. However, the IRA’s actual effect on the election outcomes, as assessed through its effect on its specifically targeted regions, was minimal. Nonetheless, the Kremlin successfully exploited the shock of Trump’s victory to exaggerate the apparent effect of Russian intervention. By seemingly fecklessly denying an apparently successful covert action, Moscow further challenged the legitimacy of the US election and degraded the coherence of US strategic decision making.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6WIAW6RR,2020-01-02,"Stephen McCombie, Allon J. Uhlmann, Sarah Morrison",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:48:17Z,"['MQMHZUFD', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2019.1673940,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2980261599,33.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2980261599,2020.0,2026.0,2019.0,,1.0 4041,EU INTCEN: a transnational European culture of intelligence analysis?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1649912,"This article aims to gain a better understanding of EU INTCEN’s analytic culture and the use of structured analytic techniques by EU analysts; an under researched topic in the intelligence studies literature. The Intelligence Analysis and Situation Centre of the European Union (EU INTCEN) is a directorate of the European Union External Action Service (EEAS) that has been characterized as an EU analytic structure similar to the State Department’s INR. The article reviews relevant literature and presents findings based on the analysis of a questionnaire on ‘Intelligence analysis and production in EU INTCEN/SITCEN, that was distributed to EU INTCEN intelligence analysts (EEAS officials having worked as analysts in EU SITCEN/INTCEN between June 2005 and June 2014), and in-depth phone interviews to better understand INTCEN analytical process. Analytic projects at EU INTCEN are initiated with Requests for Information to which replies can be received. The analysts count as well with previous contributions and assessments, open sources, and diplomatic reporting. Among other findings, the study reveals that SATs are little used in practice in spite of most EU INTCEN analyst has received some training on SATs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IPV3WJXU,2020-01-02,"Rubén Arcos, José-Miguel Palacios",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:47:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.1080/02684527.2019.1649912,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2967311723,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2967311723,2020.0,2025.0,2019.0,,1.0 4042,The contemporary security vetting landscape,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1665688,"Recent events have brought a renewed attention to the system of security vetting which exists in the United Kingdom. This paper outlines the operation of that system against the legal background, demonstrating some of the difficulties with the system as it now exists and which would need to be considered in the event that the system was reformed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2EQSEHC,2020-01-02,Paul F. Scott,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:47:37Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1665688,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2972865716,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2972865716,2020.0,2022.0,2019.0,https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/195009/7/195009.pdf,1.0 4043,Securing the colony: the Burma Police Special Branch (1896 – 1942),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1664517,"With unique access to police and government resources in almost all levels of society, the Burma Police Special Branch was a core part of the colonial intelligence apparatus. It was the primary political intelligence organisation active in this period and acted as an analytical and advisory body to government. However, over time the Special Branch lost its investigative capability and when faced with increased political unrest in the 1920s and 1930s, it struggled to adapt to the changing conditions, resulting in intelligence failures and the creation of new, competing political intelligence units.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EFNLD2J4,2020-01-02,Rhys Thompson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:47:12Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1664517,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2972841342,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2972841342,2022.0,2022.0,2019.0,,3.0 4044,From laboratory to the WMD Commission: how academic research influences intelligence agencies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1620547,"Academic research can improve national security, yet the process by which findings flow from the ivory tower to intelligence agencies is not well understood by scholars. This article addresses this gap through an exploratory case study of when research impacted intelligence: the incorporation of cognitive biases research in intelligence analysis. The results of this study illustrate the importance of idea entrepreneurs—individuals who promote academic research—as well as the need for making academic findings applicable to intelligence practitioners. These results, while based on a single case, suggest new avenues for scholarship exploring knowledge utilization in intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PLJE97DL,2019-09-19,Stephen Coulthart,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T22:43:56Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1620547,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2945619941,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2945619941,2019.0,2025.0,2019.0,,0.0 4045,The cultural turn in intelligence studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1615711,"This article explores an emerging “cultural turn” in intelligence studies, which, if fully realized, could entail the expansion of the discipline to include new methodologies and theories, and a more integrative understanding of historical causality that locates intelligence agencies within the widersocio-cultural domain they inhabit. It has two parts. The firstexpands upon what I mean by a new ‘integrative’ understanding of historical causality. The second explores three areas of interest for intelligence scholars where the “cultural turn” has clear and important implications: the study of secrecy, publicity, and “mentalities”.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LUWBXER5,2019-09-19,Simon Willmetts,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T21:41:38Z,['TDUVX2TF'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1615711,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2946217186,28.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2946217186,2019.0,2025.0,2019.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2019.1615711?needAccess=true,0.0 4046,Intelligence Governance and Democratisation: A Comparative Analysis of the Limits of Reform,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315728063/intelligence-governance-democratisation-peter-gill,"This book analyses changes in intelligence governance and offers a comparative analysis of intelligence democratisation. Within the field of Security Sector Reform (SSR), academics have paid significant attention to both the police and military. The democratisation of intelligence structures that are at the very heart of authoritarian regimes, however, have been relatively ignored. The central aim of this book is to develop a conceptual framework for the specific analytical challenges posed by intelligence as a field of governance. Using examples from Latin America and Europe, it examines the impact of democracy promotion and how the economy, civil society, rule of law, crime, corruption and mass media affect the success or otherwise of achieving democratic control and oversight of intelligence. The volume draws on two main intellectual and political themes: intelligence studies, which is now developing rapidly from its original base in North America and UK; and democratisation studies of the changes taking place in former authoritarian regimes since the mid-1980s including security sector reform. The author concludes that, despite the limited success of democratisation, the dangers inherent in unchecked networks of state, corporate and para-state intelligence organisations demand that academic and policy research continue to meet the challenge. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, democracy studies, war and conflict studies, comparative politics and IR in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VUG5G4PP,2016-04-28,Peter Gill,Routledge,,2024-01-31T21:40:22Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.4324/9781315728063,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4242162468,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242162468,2018.0,2025.0,2016.0,,2.0 4047,Intelligence in the Socratic philosophers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1452564,"The practice of intelligence predates the institutionalization of intelligence by millennia. This is especially clear in the Fifth Century BCE Greek city states. It was during this period that the Socratic philosophers lived and wrote about political things. Since much of our modern terminology and understanding of politics began with these thinkers, a look at the way they integrated the activities of intelligence into their understanding of political matters would say something about the relationship between intelligence and politics. This, in turn, contributes to our current efforts to theorize intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6EPMXNI3,2018-06-07,John F. Fox Jr.,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:12:33Z,"['DS3WDJUS', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2018.1452564,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2805863505,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2805863505,2019.0,2022.0,2018.0,,1.0 4048,Dramatising intelligence history on the BBC: the Camp 020 affair,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1595466,"This article considers an episode of the television drama-documentary series Spy!, broadcast on the British Broadcasting Corporation in 1980. The programme proved controversial owing to its depiction of a physical assault during interrogation at an MI5 facility, Camp 020, during the Second World War. Numerous 020 veterans complained, pointing out that, with one exception, such physical violence had never taken place there. As their complaints were largely made in private correspondence with the BBC, which stood by its programme, the association of wartime British intelligence with physical abuse was allowed to go unchallenged in the minds of the viewing public.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/66V5IJRZ,2019-07-29,Christopher J. Murphy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T21:33:24Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1595466,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2934530405,0.0,True,,,,2019.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/50417/1/The%20020%20Affair%20submitted%20version.pdf, 4049,Undercover Algorithm: A Secret Chapter in the Early History of Artificial Intelligence and Satellite Imagery,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2073542?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C8C7U5M5,2022-06-21 07:51:14,Jack O’Connor,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:12:06Z,"['8XXD789V', 'E5UVWK8S']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2073542,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4283265841,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4283265841,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,,1.0 4050,AI and Ethics in Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-10.xml,"Understanding the impact of AI and other technologies in intelligence requires us to consider ethics. Intelligence studies has not fully explored this up to now, focusing instead on the ethical considerations of more traditional activities, including torture, human agents, groupthink and human bias. Discussion of technological developments like AI are limited. Where they do occur, debate often tends wards binary conclusions, celebrating ways technologies should become a key pillar of intelligence practices, or challenging surveillance. This chapter views AI as a tool, suggesting that technology can assist, not replace, human officers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EPJKW45W,2022/11/04,Sarah Mainwaring,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-29T08:41:31Z,"['8XXD789V', 'DVEM4H4W', 'E5UVWK8S']",,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4051,"Intel agencies advance artificial intelligence in patches, struggle with big breakthroughs",Blog post,https://federalnewsnetwork.com/intelligence-community/2022/04/intel-agencies-advance-artificial-intelligence-in-patches-struggle-with-big-breakthroughs/,Officials say a more “integrated” approach is needed to truly transform tradecraft using artificial intelligence technologies.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/35U9PHL2,2022-04-13T11:45+00:00,Justin Doubleday,,,2023-01-29T22:38:03Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4052,CIA official ‘doesn’t envision’ chatbots replacing human analysts,Blog post,https://federalnewsnetwork.com/artificial-intelligence/2023/01/cia-official-doesnt-envision-chatbots-replacing-human-analysts/,A top CIA analyst says ChatGPT won’t be giving the president’s daily brief anytime soon.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AZ67FLRB,2023-01-25T12:24+00:00,Justin Doubleday,,,2023-01-29T22:31:30Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'E5UVWK8S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4053,Advancing intelligence analysis: using natural language processing on East Pakistani intelligence documents,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2170744,"This article demonstrates how natural language processing (NLP) can be used by intelligence practitioners and scholars to analyse text. Using decades of unredacted East Pakistani intelligence reports declassified and released by the Government of Bangladesh, the article shows how machine learning can provide insight into intelligence documents. In particular, it provides a case study for how NLP can provide quantitative analysis that complements the work of qualitative analysis. Simultaneously, this article also demonstrates how NLP can provide historians with a quantitative methodology to better understand historical government records.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SP32JXBV,2023-02-13,"Ryan Shaffer, Benjamin Shearn",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-02-15T00:35:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L', 'E5UVWK8S']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2170744,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4320481649,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4320481649,2023.0,2025.0,2023.0,,0.0 4054,GCHQ warns that ChatGPT and rival chatbots are a security threat,Newspaper article,https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/03/14/gchq-warns-chatgpt-rival-chatbots-security-threat/,Concerns centre on the possibility that sensitive search queries could be revealed,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W7PHXEYX,2023-03-14,Gareth Corfield,,The Telegraph,2023-03-14T22:01:41Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4055,ChatGPT and Intelligence Analysis,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eopEuGWk3W4,"Join host Michael Ard for a discussion with intelligence analysis and AI specialist David Kamien on ""ChatGPT and Intelligence Analysis."" David Kamien is the CEO and Founder of Mind-Alliance Systems, which builds custom intelligence and knowledge management solutions for global law firms, corporations, and governments. Before founding Mind-Alliance Systems, David organized a conference on homeland security for the Israel Economic Mission to New York, consulted with Raytheon, Northrop Grumman, and Motorola, and worked at Marsh & McLennan. David also served as editor of The McGraw-Hill Homeland Security Handbook: Strategic Guidance for a Coordinated Approach to Effective Security and Emergency Management. At Mind-Alliance Systems, invented a collaborative intelligence analysis system and a patented method and system for modeling, analyzing, planning, and improving anticipated information flows across agencies, departments, companies, etc., and across different disciplines. David has led engagements for The Center for Strategic & International Studies, The World Bank, The European Central Bank, The Rockefeller Foundation, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), New York State Office of Emergency Management, DHS S&T (via SPAWAR), Raytheon, Everbridge, Fragomen, Ogletree Deakins, and Eversheds Sutherland. David has published articles about security and knowledge management and has presented at conferences organized by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), the International Association for Intelligence Education (IAFIE - European Chapter), and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). David received a B.A. in East Asian & General Studies from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a law degree from the Academic College of Law in Ramat Gan. For more information on the MS in Intelligence Analysis program please visit: https://advanced.jhu.edu/academics/gr...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I7DW7Q24,2023-04-05,,,,2023-04-06T09:01:56Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'E5UVWK8S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4056,What AI Can - and Can't - Do for US Intelligence,Blog post,https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column_article/what-ai-can-and-cant-do-for-us-intelligence,Former CIA officers Kristin Wood and Marty Petersen offer their own analysis of what AI can and can't do for U.S. Intelligence,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8DLFVBXI,2023-04-04,"Kristin Wood, Martin Petersen",,,2023-04-06T09:54:19Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4057,Intelligence agencies have used AI since the cold war – but now face new security challenges,Blog post,http://theconversation.com/intelligence-agencies-have-used-ai-since-the-cold-war-but-now-face-new-security-challenges-204320,Intelligence agencies have been used AI for decades to help target terrorists.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IXRIDI7X,2023-05-03,Dafydd Townley,,,2023-05-04T10:46:13Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'E5UVWK8S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4058,Data-Science literacy for future security and intelligence professionals,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18335330.2023.2187705?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AWWKG8U5,2023-03-15 08:46:25,"Stephen Coulthart, M. Shahriar Hossain, Jessica Sumrall, Christopher Kampe, Kathleen M. Vogel",tandf,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-05-06T09:44:53Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1080/18335330.2023.2187705,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4324358991,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4324358991,2023.0,2025.0,2023.0,,0.0 4059,The Spying Game Will Find a Use for AI,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/the-spying-game-will-find-a-use-for-ai/,Spies have always applied the latest technology to their craft: Artificial Intelligence will be no different.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QAF7VH9X,2023-05-22,David Omand,,,2023-05-22T14:55:51Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4060,Countering Daesh Cognitive and Cyber Warfare with OSINT and Basic Data Mining Toools,Conference paper,https://proceedings.cybercon.ro/index.php/ic3/article/view/138,"Digital civilization has changed war circumstances. Emerging dangers have asymmetry, variety, and continual change; quick transmission through the network; near-immediacy; possibility for unrestricted access; and swift power to affect people’s behavior. Cognitive Warfare, an international relations issue, uses information, cyber, and psychological warfare tactics. Daesh sends threatening messages to Western countries and spreads internet propaganda to recruit new members and induce terror. The study attempts to propose a novel knowledge-based approach for detecting terrorists by examining data obtained from Twitter and leading Daesh publications, through Data Mining techniques.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5C4YM5U,2023-05-30,"Giangluigi Me, Maria Felicita Mucci",,,2023-06-02T14:25:26Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'LXMU5UXP']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4061,The future of intelligence analysis: A task-level view of the impact of artificial intelligence on intel analysis,Report,https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/6306_future-of-intel-analysis/DI_Future-of-intel-analysis.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ESZ5ZN6M,2019-01-01,"Kwasi Mitchell, Joe Mariani, Adam Routh, Akash Keyal, Alex Mirkow",,,2023-11-27T09:42:28Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4062,The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence for Intelligence Analysis: a Review of the Key Challenges with Recommendations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1007/s44206-023-00036-4,"Intelligence agencies have identified artificial intelligence (AI) as a key technology for maintaining an edge over adversaries. As a result, efforts to develop, acquire, and employ AI capabilities for purposes of national security are growing. This article reviews the ethical challenges presented by the use of AI for augmented intelligence analysis. These challenges have been identified through a qualitative systematic review of the relevant literature. The article identifies five sets of ethical challenges relating to intrusion, explainability and accountability, bias, authoritarianism and political security, and collaboration and classification, and offers a series of recommendations targeted at intelligence agencies to address and mitigate these challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C4MZM88D,2023-04-05,"Alexander Blanchard, Mariarosaria Taddeo",,Digital Society,2023-11-27T09:48:54Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1007/s44206-023-00036-4,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4362611482,49.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4362611482,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44206-023-00036-4.pdf,0.0 4063,Generative AI and Intelligence Assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2286775,"AI has been used for years to improve collection and analysis in signals intelligence but this article explores the range of tasks generative AI can perform for strategic intelligence analysts. It argues that the most prudent integration of generative AI into intelligence assessment is as a ‘co-pilot’ for human analysts. Notwithstanding issues of inaccuracy, imported bias and ‘hallucination’, generative AI can liberate time-poor analysts to focus on tasks where humans add most value – applying their expertise, tacit knowledge and ‘sense of reality’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IKZKN99P,2023-11-30,"Joe Devanny, Huw Dylan, Elena Grossfeld",Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2023-11-30T13:09:07Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1080/03071847.2023.2286775,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389205020,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389205020,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2023.2286775,1.0 4064,"Big data, emerging technologies and the characteristics of ‘good intelligence’",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2287255,"What constitutes good intelligence is best understood by practitioners but has not been explored through empirical analysis and in the context of a digital age. This paper presents the first research inside all the agencies that form the Australian National Intelligence Community exploring how they are impacted by big data. Intelligence is often opaque to outsiders, yet understanding the characteristics of good intelligence is important to societies that rely on intelligence agencies for national security. This paper reflects the previously unheard perspectives of members of the agencies that form the Australian National Intelligence Community – where there is a significant empirical gap. Semi-structured interviews with 47 participants explored the impact of big data on intelligence and decision-making in Australia. This paper finds that intelligence must meet the following characteristics, many established in historical literature, in order to be considered good intelligence; (i) timely, (ii) purposeful, (iii) actionable, (iv) accurate, (v) provides value-add for an intended audience, and, (vi) is unbiased. This article explores and unpacks each of these characteristics of good intelligence and finds they remain critical in a big data era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XCJ7JEFA,2023-12-04,Miah Hammond-Errey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-12T19:47:41Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2287255,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389345978,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389345978,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.26187/deakin.32166255,1.0 4065,Artificial Intelligence for Analysis: The Road Ahead,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Studies67-4-Extracts-Dec-2023.pdf#page=19,"Today’s chatbots are not intelligent, but they are innovative, exciting, and full of potential in the context of the volumes and varieties of information the IC collects, processes, triages, and uses in support of its global mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5TP7DI9R,2023-12-01,Dennis J. Gleeson,,Studies in Intelligence,2023-12-22T11:19:56Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4066,"Intelligence Analysis, Synthesis, and Automation",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Studies67-4-Extracts-Dec-2023.pdf#page=29,The premise that AI/ML will unlock correlations and relationships inaccessible to the human mind—often mixed with a dash of magical thinking—underlies much of the IC’s interest in the field.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/38JTHI4I,2023-12-01,Alice B. Borene,,Studies in Intelligence,2023-12-22T11:22:21Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4067,Artificial Ingelligence: Klon Kitchen,Podcast,https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/artificial-ingelligence-klon-kitchen/id1711240452?i=1000639800312,"Show Intelligence Matters: The Relaunch, Ep Artificial Ingelligence: Klon Kitchen - 27 Dec 2023",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELGQQ8HI,2023-12-27,Klon Kitchen,,,2023-12-27T21:41:18Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4068,3 ways intel analysts are using artificial intelligence right now: Ex-official,Blog post,https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2023/12/3-ways-intel-analysts-are-using-artificial-intelligence-right-now-ex-official/,"Former CIA deputy director of analysis Linda Weissgold says AI won't replace human analysts, but she's come around to a nuanced view of the tech.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GN9Z9P3D,2023-12-20T13:02:21+00:00,Lee Ferran,,,2023-12-31T10:30:36Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4069,The Rapid Rise of Generative AI: Assessing risks to safety and security,Report,https://cetas.turing.ac.uk/publications/rapid-rise-generative-ai,"This CETaS Research Report presents the findings from a major project exploring the implications of generative AI for national security. It is based on extensive engagement with more than 50 experts across government, academia, industry, and civil society, and represents the most comprehensive UK-based study to date on the national security implications of generative AI. The research found that generative AI could significantly amplify a range of digital, physical and political security risks. With the rapid proliferation of generative AI tools across the economy, the national security community needs to shift its mindset to account for all the unintentional or incidental ways in which generative AI can pose security risks, in addition to intentionally malicious uses. The report provides recommendations to effectively mitigate the security risks posed by generative AI, calling for a new multi-layered, socio-technical approach to system evaluation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/68547F7U,2023-12-01,"Ardi Janjeva, Alexander Harris, Sarah Mercer, Alexander Kasprzyk, Anna Gausen",,,2024-01-15T19:02:36Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4070,"Big Data, Emerging Technologies and Intelligence: National Security Disrupted",Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003389651/big-data-emerging-technologies-intelligence-miah-hammond-errey,"This book sets out the big data landscape, comprising data abundance, digital connectivity and ubiquitous technology, and shows how the big data landscape and the emerging technologies it fuels are impacting national security. This book illustrates that big data is transforming intelligence production as well as changing the national security environment broadly, including what is considered a part of national security as well as the relationships agencies have with the public. The book highlights the impact of big data on intelligence production and national security from the perspective of Australian national security leaders and practitioners, and the research is based on empirical data collection, with insights from nearly 50 participants from within Australia’s National Intelligence Community. It argues that big data is transforming intelligence and national security and shows that the impacts of big data on the knowledge, activities and organisation of intelligence agencies is challenging some foundational intelligence principles, including the distinction between foreign and domestic intelligence collection. Furthermore, the book argues that big data has created emerging threats to national security; for example, it enables invasive targeting and surveillance, drives information warfare as well as social and political interference, and challenges the existing models of harm assessment used in national security. The book maps broad areas of change for intelligence agencies in the national security context and what they mean for intelligence communities, and explores how intelligence agencies look out to the rest of society, considering specific impacts relating to privacy, ethics and trust. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, technology studies, national security and International Relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VXAPRXD3,2024-01-29,Miah Hammond-Errey,Routledge,,2024-01-22T10:08:22Z,['E5UVWK8S'],10.4324/9781003389651,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389089207,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389089207,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,,1.0 4071,How artificial intelligence is changing the rules of policymaking,Podcast,https://shows.acast.com/the-national-security-podcast/episodes/how-ai-is-changing-policymaking,"Listen to How artificial intelligence is changing the rules of policymaking from The National Security Podcast. What was achieved at the recent AI Safety Summit, hosted by the United Kingdom? How do the geopolitics of technology now impact economies and societies? And how can governments equip themselves better to handle these complex changes? In this episode, senior UK public servant Jonathan Black joins Jennifer Jackett to talk about AI, and the policy responses to it from governments across the globe. Jonathan Black is a Heywood Fellow at the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Prior to this appointment he was the UK Prime Minister’s representative for the recent AI Safety Summit, G7 and G20 Sherpa and Deputy National Security Advisor. Jennifer Jackett is a Sir Roland Wilson Scholar at the ANU National Security College. Show notes: ANU National Security College academic programs: find out more AI Safety Summit 2023: find out more The Bletchley Declaration: find out more We’d love to hear from you! Send in your questions, comments, and suggestions to NatSecPod@anu.edu.au. You can tweet us @NSC_ANU and be sure to subscribe so you don’t miss out on future episodes. The National Security Podcast is available on Acast, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and wherever you get your podcasts. ",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QMHXMZGL,2023-12-08,"Jonathan Black, Jennifer Jackett",,,2024-01-28T08:46:49Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4072,"Cyber, Disinformation and AI: Evolving Uses of ICT in Peace and Conflict",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50758-8_9,"Working Group 9.10 is the newest group under Technical Committee 9, and it has a focus on ICT and its impact and uses in promoting and maintaining peace, as well as the use of ICTs in conflict and war. The focus of the working group’s activities thus far has related to cybersecurity and cyberwarfare, with members being involved in organizing conference and specialist tracks, with other book projects and activities with related communities. After giving an introduction and history to the working group, the chapter covers some of the major themes and recent developments that are related to the themes of the working group.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TP4UNLEJ,2024-01-27,Brett van Niekerk,Springer Nature Switzerland,,2024-01-30T07:47:18Z,"['8XXD789V', 'E5UVWK8S', 'MQMHZUFD']",10.1007/978-3-031-50758-8_9,Current Directions in ICT and Society: IFIP TC9 50th Anniversary Anthology,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391251823,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 4073,"Big Data, intelligence, and analyst privacy: investigating information dissemination at an NSA-funded research lab",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1400234,"The Laboratory for Analytic Sciences (LAS) at North Carolina State University, funded by the National Security Agency, is a collaborative, long-term research enterprise focused on improving intelligence analysis using Big Data. In its work, LAS has recently begun dealing with the trade-off between the collection, storage, and use of large unclassified data-sets and analyst privacy. We discuss particular privacy challenges at LAS, analyze privacy principles in the life cycle of LAS unclassified data-sets, what intelligence analysts themselves think about these privacy concerns, and recommend possible best practices potentially applicable to LAS, as well as future Big Data laboratories and research centers that collaborate with intelligence communities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/795WXUY9,2018-04-16,"Maureen H. Swanson, Kathleen M. Vogel",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:05:16Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'E5UVWK8S']",10.1080/02684527.2017.1400234,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2772980792,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2772980792,2020.0,2025.0,2017.0,,3.0 4074,"Augmenting human cognition to enhance strategic, operational, and tactical intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1579410,"The unprecedented increase in the volume and velocity of data collected by open source and classified platforms is simultaneously disrupting and transforming the intelligence enterprise. This article posits a technology-based approach for augmenting human cognition by leveraging high-performance computing and artificial intelligence applications to enhance the intelligence enterprise’s capability to identify, synthesize, and act on the key intelligence-relevant information elements embedded in those data. Adapting AI to the intelligence enterprise and national security decisions more broadly thus facilitates rapidly bringing to bear the essential human element of interpreting context and intent amid an otherwise insurmountable cascade of data.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8R46YRQG,2019-07-29,James L. Regens,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T21:32:22Z,"['E5UVWK8S', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1080/02684527.2019.1579410,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2912598336,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2912598336,2020.0,2025.0,2019.0,,1.0 4075,Red Team: how to succeed by thinking like the enemy,Book,,"Red teaming. It is a practice as old as the Devil s Advocate, the eleventh-century Vatican official charged with discrediting candidates for sainthood. Today, red teams comprised primarily of fearless skeptics and those assuming the role of saboteurs who seek to better understand the interests, intentions, and capabilities of institutions or potential competitors are used widely in both the public and private sector. Red teaming, including simulations, vulnerability probes, and alternative analyses, helps institutions in competitive environments to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses, challenge assumptions, and anticipate potential threats ahead of the next special operations raid, malicious cyberattack, or corporate merger. But not all red teams are created equal; indeed, some cause more damage than they prevent. In Red Team, national security expert Micah Zenko provides an in-depth investigation into the work of red teams, revealing the best practices, most common pitfalls, and most effective applications of these modern-day Devil s Advocates. The best practices of red teaming can be applied to the CIA, NYPD, or a pharmaceutical company, and executed correctly they can yield impressive results: red teams give businesses an edge over their competition, poke holes in vital intelligence estimates, and troubleshoot dangerous military missions long before boots are on the ground. But red teams are only as good as leaders allow them to be, and Zenko shows not only how to create and empower red teams, but also what to do with the information they produce. Essential reading for business leaders and policymakers alike, Red Team will revolutionize the way organizations think about, exploit, compensate for, and correct their institutional strengths and weaknesses. Drawing on little-known case studies and unprecedented access to elite red teamers in the United States and abroad, Zenko shows how any group from military units to friendly hackers can win by thinking like the enemy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IPM7KNGN,2015,Micah Zenko,Basic Books,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4076,Competitive intelligence and national intelligence estimates,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1592839,"National Intelligence Estimates are consensus-driven intelligence products. Yet there is considerable evidence supporting the use of competitive intelligence at every level of activity, including the presentation of finished products to consumers. We examine NIEs from two important periods in US foreign policy: the buildup in Vietnam and Gorbachev's reforms. We find in both cases alternate viewpoints were not presented in the US IC's premier intelligence product when such views could have made a difference. Consistent with contemporary findings in cognitive psychology, we argue the manner in which NIEs are structured and presented should be reformed to offer better decision support.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DFZM7KPE,"July 29, 2019","Jonathan M. Acuff, Madison J. Nowlin",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-12-23T08:42:22Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2019.1592839,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2931345188,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2931345188,2021.0,2025.0,2019.0,,2.0 4077,Post factum clarity: failure to identify spontaneous threats,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1560604,"This study explores an information interpretation explanation of strategic surprises using a non-traditional national security threat: a popular uprising. To explain why this type of assessments fail, I emphasize the role of information relevance when evaluating intelligence about civilian unrest. I posit that the dynamic nature of relevance is crucial for signals of popular dissent becoming dominant indicators that are incorporated into security assessments. A case study and observational data analysis of the Palestinian uprising (Intifada, 1987) demonstrate how information relevance contributed to the Israeli intelligence failure and how it affects the potential for strategic surprises facing a civilian threat.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2HKK5PFE,2019-06-07,Rotem Dvir,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T21:26:59Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2018.1560604,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2907925305,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2907925305,2019.0,2019.0,2018.0,,1.0 4078,Predicting and preventing radicalisation: an alternative approach to suicide terrorism in Europe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1560670,"Suicidal acts of terrorism conducted by lone actors independently of overseas command and control networks currently dominate the European landscape. Intelligence suggests from a population of fifty-two attackers between 2012 and 2017, at least 75% had a history of chronic substance abuse. Almost exclusively, Muslims do not engage in 12-step recovery programmes like Alcoholics Anonymous. We hypothesize that as both an ideology and agent of socialization, Islamic fundamentalism provides a structurally equivalent alternative. Yet, it is a programme that inadvertently directs a minority of vulnerable men along a pathway towards isolation, obsession, resentment and finally martyrdom.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QUITTM6T,2019-06-07,Lewis Herrington,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T21:24:52Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1560670,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2907422514,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2907422514,2021.0,2024.0,2019.0,,2.0 4079,The Unending Game: A Former R&AW Chief’s Insights into Espionage,Book,,"In God we trust, the rest we monitor . . .A former chief of India's external intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing, deconstructs the shadowy world of spies, from the Cold War era to the age of global jihad, from surveillance states to psy-war and cyberwarfare, from gathering information to turning it into credible intelligence. Vikram Sood provides a panoramic view of the rarely understood profession of spying to serve a country's strategic and security interests.As a country's stature and reach grow, so do its intelligence needs. This is especially true for one like India that has ambitions of being a global player even as it remains embattled in its own neighbourhood. The Unending Game tackles these questions while providing a national and international perspective on gathering external intelligence, its relevance in securing and advancing national interests, and why intelligence is the first playground in the game of nations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4YPPZG4S,2018-08-16,Vikram Sood,Penguin,,2024-01-31T21:02:40Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4080,"Clausewitz first, and last, and always: war, strategy and intelligence in the twenty-first century",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1530867,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7APCSIWY,2019-04-16,"R. Gerald Hughes, Alexandros Koutsoukis",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T21:00:55Z,['D67KFVND'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1530867,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2902929223,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2902929223,2023.0,2023.0,2018.0,http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/28463144/Clausewitz_Review_Article.pdf,5.0 4081,Deferring substance: EU policy and the information threat,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1553706,"The article describes EU cross-sectoral policy work on online information threats, focusing on the intersection between values and 'referent objects'. Examining discussions on strategic communication, censorship, media literacy and media pluralism, two value-perspectives were identified: while abstract procedural values of efficiency and coherence guide content management in the security/defence/internet communities, media/education communities highlight the end-goals of content pluralism and enhanced citizen judgement. In implementation, the former’s lack of substantive goals, coupled with an outsourcing of content management, may give rise to hybrid values. The findings highlight the danger of neglecting substance in favor of efficient management of an online ‘battlespace’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FLC5WR9A,2019-04-16,Hedvig Ördén,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T21:00:25Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1553706,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2914572988,16.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2914572988,2019.0,2025.0,2019.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2019.1553706?needAccess=true,0.0 4082,Spreading intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1553705,"Defining intelligence is not just a terminological but also a political question. Intelligence methods are spreading quickly in the contemporary security landscape, and defining intelligence gives us a clearer idea of what we are in fact spreading, and therefore also of the political and social consequences that this may entail. When using intelligence methods in, say, policing, public administration or immigration services, we import a specific adversarial logic and thereby transform the social relationships that these regulatory and administrative practices support and rest upon. In this paper, I shall propose a new definition of intelligence in order to analyse the social transformations that may be produced by the logical structure implicit in the concept of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J8CKTKNW,2019-04-16,Adam Diderichsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T20:58:15Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1553705,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4252773439,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4252773439,2019.0,2021.0,2019.0,,0.0 4083,Shared secrecy in a digital age and a transnational world,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1553703,"This article examines the notion of shared secrets and the procedures by which secrecy is not the opposite of exchange of information, but the restriction of it to a certain ‘circle’ of people and the maintenance of others in ignorance. It creates corridors depending on the objectives of secret information, the persons having access, and the knowledge of this access by other people. Shared secrecy has been considered as an exception to common practice, but it has changed in scale with digitization and transnationalization of information, especially when suspicion is becoming used in statistical terms for prevention purposes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GF987ILC,2019-04-16,Didier Bigo,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T20:56:56Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1553703,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2911355271,34.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2911355271,2019.0,2026.0,2019.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2019.1553703?needAccess=true,0.0 4084,From madness to wisdom: intelligence and the digital crowd,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1553375,"This article sheds light on the complexity and sensitivity of crowd-based intelligence in security governance. The 'crowd’ as special manifestation of ‘the public’ is both challenging and enabling new forms of intelligence practices. As a spontaneous eruption of collective activity, the crowd is a notion of great versatility. Sometimes considered mad/dangerous, sometimes wise/useful, the crowd’s drivers are a context-dependent collage of (affective) group engagement, projection from the outside and the workings of digital technologies. The article traces how the existence of crowds in its variations is connected to how they are approached by security agents and their intelligence practices.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q72FHWWA,2019-04-16,"Mark Daniel Jaeger, Myriam Dunn Cavelty",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T20:53:05Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', '7R9UG9WU']",10.1080/02684527.2019.1553375,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2912395651,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2912395651,2019.0,2024.0,2019.0,,0.0 4085,"Three concepts of intelligence communication: awareness, advice or co-production?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1553371,"Communication aimed at the public has been an almost absent topic in intelligence studies. This is despite a growing recognition of the importance of communicating towards the public in preventive security, counterterrorism, cyber security and organized crime prevention. This article attends to the practice of communicating intelligence to the public. It does so in order to show the diversity of communication practices in Western intelligence today. By investigating how the intelligence community communicates about ‘communication’ to the public, the article identifies three different concepts of communication, that each exposes different understandings of the public and democratic concerns.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/69DKP7KH,2019-04-16,Karen Lund Petersen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T18:53:58Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', '7R9UG9WU']",10.1080/02684527.2019.1553371,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2912771377,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2912771377,2019.0,2025.0,2019.0,,0.0 4086,There’s So Much Data Even Spies Are Struggling to Find Secrets,Newspaper article,https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-29/flood-of-personal-data-makes-life-tough-for-nsa-cia,"Scouring open-source intelligence may not have the same cachet as undercover work, but it’s become a new priority for the US intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TQ5VH42G,2024-01-29,"Peter Martin, Katrina Manson",,Bloomberg.com,2024-01-31T18:29:02Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4087,"There are more Russian spies in EU Parliament, Latvian lawmakers say",Newspaper article,https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-spies-european-parliament-latvia-meps-eu/,"“We are convinced that Ždanoka is not an isolated case,” three MEPs wrote in letter about espionage obtained by Brussels Playbook.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BGMXGZC7,2024-01-31T10:16:06+00:00,"Jakob H. Vela, Nicolas Camut",,POLITICO,2024-01-31T18:28:03Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4088,Spy Watching: Intelligence Accountability in the United States,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/spy-watching-9780190682712,"All democracies have had to contend with the challenge of tolerating hidden spy services within otherwise relatively transparent governments. Democracies pride themselves on privacy and liberty, but intelligence organizations have secret budgets, gather information surreptitiously around the world, and plan covert action against foreign regimes. Sometimes, they have even targeted the very citizens they were established to protect, as with the COINTELPRO operations in the 1960s and 1970s, carried out by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) against civil rights and antiwar activists. In this sense, democracy and intelligence have always been a poor match. Yet Americans live in an uncertain and threatening world filled with nuclear warheads, chemical and biological weapons, and terrorists intent on destruction. Without an intelligence apparatus scanning the globe to alert the United States to these threats, the planet would be an even more perilous place. In Spy Watching, Loch K. Johnson explores the United States' travails in its efforts to maintain effective accountability over its spy services. Johnson explores the work of the famous Church Committee, a Senate panel that investigated America's espionage organizations in 1975 and established new protocol for supervising the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the nation's other sixteen secret services. Johnson explores why partisanship has crept into once-neutral intelligence operations, the effect of the 9/11 attacks on the expansion of spying, and the controversies related to CIA rendition and torture programs. He also discusses both the Edward Snowden case and the ongoing investigations into the Russian hack of the 2016 US election. Above all, Spy Watching seeks to find a sensible balance between the twin imperatives in a democracy of liberty and security. Johnson draws on scores of interviews with Directors of Central Intelligence and others in America's secret agencies, making this a uniquely authoritative account.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BN9FKPQ4,2018,Loch K. Johnson,Oxford University Press,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4089,ODNI as an analytic ombudsman: is Intelligence Community Directive 203 up to the task?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1546265,"In the wake of 9/11 and the war in Iraq, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence adopted Intelligence Community Directive (ICD) 203 – a list of analytic tradecraft standards – and appointed an ombudsman charged with monitoring their implementation. In this paper, we identify three assumptions behind ICD203: (1) tradecraft standards can be employed consistently; (2) tradecraft standards sufficiently capture the key elements of good reasoning; and (3) good reasoning leads to more accurate judgments. We then report on two controlled experiments that uncover operational constraints in the reliable application of the ICD203 criteria for the assessment of intelligence products.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RIWMGU5S,2019-02-23,"Alexandru Marcoci, Ans Vercammen, Mark Burgman",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T16:13:37Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1546265,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2899903923,11.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2899903923,2019.0,2026.0,2018.0,http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/90562/1/Marcoci_ODNI%20as%20analytic%20ombudsman_2018.pdf,1.0 4090,Human-cyber Nexus: the parallels between ‘illegal’ intelligence operations and advanced persistent threats,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1534642,"‘Illegals’ are extensively trained individuals dispatched abroad under false identities with no observable links to their operating country. Technology has made possible a new kind of ‘virtual illegal,’ one that extends beyond the operating country’s borders without putting a human at risk. When this is done in a targeted manner by a sophisticated attacker it is called an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT). This article draws from historical illegals cases to identify parallels in the preparation, insertion, and control of malware by APTs. Ultimately, the methods for countering the two parallel phenomena can also be similar, despite their physical differences.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LNGV7PS7,2019-02-23,"Kevin Riehle, Michael May",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T16:13:20Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1534642,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2898227714,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2898227714,2021.0,2021.0,2018.0,,3.0 4091,"The US stay-behind operation in Iran, 1948-1953",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1534639,This article explains a US initiative to prepare resistance forces for use in the event of a Soviet invasion or communist attempt to seize power in Iran during the early Cold War era. It begins by discussing similar ‘stay-behind’ operations in Europe in this era and the conditions that led US officials to develop one in Iran. It then explains what this stay-behind operation consisted of and why US officials eventually abandoned it. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the stay-behind operation in Iran differed from those in Europe and the important role it played in the decision-making that led to the 1953 coup in Iran.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D3HTDIXX,2019-02-23,Mark Gasiorowski,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T16:11:58Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1534639,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2897292606,33.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2897292606,2021.0,2025.0,2018.0,,3.0 4092,Hong Kong in the global Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1501998,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/678WJVER,2019-01-02,John Robert Wood,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T16:11:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1501998,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2885725378,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2885725378,2025.0,2025.0,2018.0,,7.0 4093,‘The enlightened prince and the wise general’: the history of Chinese intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1492890,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PUREXMCV,2019-11-10,"R. Gerald Hughes, Kai Chen",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T16:08:16Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1492890,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2898351819,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2898351819,2022.0,2025.0,2018.0,http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/28149504/Chinese_Intel.pdf,4.0 4094,"‘Graveyard of empires’: geopolitics, war and the tragedy of Afghanistan",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1571695,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4YSUSCF,2019-11-10,"James Fergusson, R. Gerald Hughes",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T16:07:19Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2019.1571695,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2944995750,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944995750,2021.0,2025.0,2019.0,http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/29623624/FINT_A_1571695.pdf,2.0 4095,Loyalist supergrass trials: an opportunity for open source intelligence?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1646518,"In the 1980s some thirty members of paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland both republican and loyalist, agreed to provide evidence against their former colleagues in return for a reduced sentence or immunity from prosecution, a new identity and life. Such individuals became commonly known as ‘supergrasses’. This article drawing on archival and documentary research explores the potential opportunity these supergrass trials provided for republican paramilitary groups to gather open source intelligence on their loyalist counterparts. It also tracks whether individuals named by loyalist supergrasses were subsequently targeted by opposing paramilitary groups on their acquittal or release from prison.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZR4AN25Z,2019-11-10,Rachel Monaghan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T16:05:52Z,['V7KUA58M'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1646518,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2965007071,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2965007071,2020.0,2025.0,2019.0,https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/en/publications/1972414e-3990-4b8e-9f4a-dbb1254df55b,1.0 4096,"The dictators’ domino theory: a Caribbean Basin anti-communist network, 1947–1952",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1626591,"This article uncovers a Caribbean Basin anti-communist intelligence network independent of the U.S. government and the international Cold War. Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza, Honduran dictator Tiburcio Carías, and Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo characterized local democratic developments as communist threats to their regimes’ national security. With the 1947 Cayo Confites expedition and the 1948 Costa Rican Civil War, the military dictators coalesced into an informal network that increasingly shared intelligence. Joined by the Venezuelan military junta and Fulgencio Batista’s Cuban dictatorship, members nurtured a Caribbean Basin anti-communist domino theory characterising threats to one regime as a transnational danger to regional stability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WEVZHBVN,2019-11-10,Aaron Coy Moulton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T16:02:22Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1626591,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2949653881,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2949653881,2022.0,2024.0,2019.0,,3.0 4097,"The Foundation of the CIA: Harry Truman, The Missouri Gang, and the Origins of the Cold War",Book,https://upress.missouri.edu/9780826221377/the-foundation-of-the-cia,"This highly accessible book provides new material and a fresh perspective on American National Intelligence practice, focusing on the first fifty years of th...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XSWV6235,2017-10-01,Richard E. Schroeder,University of Missouri Press,,2024-01-31T15:59:41Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4098,TEMPEST and the Bank of England,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1499356,"Since the major British banks first purchased computers in the 1960s, they have been concerned with the security challenges that these machines presented. One of the most potent risks was TEMPEST, the discovery that computers emitted radiation which could reveal the content of information processed by them, even if it had been encrypted. Archival material recently uncovered within the Bank of England’s archives from the mid-late 1970s is presented here to provide a first look at how the Bank evaluated the credibility of the threat posed by TEMPEST and how it sought to manage this new risk.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NPPQL8ZD,2018-11-10,Ashley Sweetman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:58:40Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1499356,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2883252399,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2883252399,2020.0,2020.0,2018.0,,2.0 4099,Intelligence collection versus investigation: how the ethos of law enforcement impedes development of a US informational advantage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1518289,"There is an inherent tension between a law enforcement–driven approach and a requirementsdriven approach to intelligence collection. The US experience, with the development of the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI), as the primary intelligence service within the domestic environment, suggests that the tension is nearly insurmountable if an organization starts from a reactive, threat-focused posture. As a law-enforcement agency, which US government decision-makers expect to fulfill an intelligence function, the FBI is triply handicapped by the external strictures of the Department of Justice (DoJ); the Bureau’s own policies – which respond to the DoJ parameters; and the FBI’s organizational culture.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JCP3AR9G,2018-11-10,Darren E. Tromblay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:58:02Z,['TEMXY72R'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1518289,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2893458120,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2893458120,2020.0,2024.0,2018.0,,2.0 4100,Is it ‘Fake News’? Intelligence Community expertise and news dissemination as measurements for media reliability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1507381,"Self-communication platforms have generated a myriad of outlets and news producers that represent a challenge for modern societies. Therefore, it is relevant to explore new measurements that can help understand whether a specific outlet disseminating news could be considered reliable or not. This study is based on the expertise from the U.S. Intelligence Community to offer a statistical model that replicates the reliability measurements based on intelligence expertise. The results suggest that a classification algorithm could be useful to measure news media reliability. Additionally, different variables were identified to predict perceptions of media reliability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/95LXSU3G,2018-11-10,"Hector Rendon, Alyson Wilson, Jared Stegall",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:56:59Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1080/02684527.2018.1507381,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2885335640,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2885335640,2025.0,2025.0,2018.0,,7.0 4101,Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Professor Richard J. Aldrich,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1486272,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FLXSZV9W,2018-11-10,Mark Phythian,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:53:25Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/02684527.2018.1486272,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2805480061,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2805480061,2020.0,2021.0,2018.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Profiles_in_Intelligence_An_Interview_with_Professor_Richard_J_Aldrich/10234061,2.0 4102,"Disrupt and Deny: Spies, Special Forces, and the Secret Pursuit of British Foreign Policy",Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/disrupt-and-deny-9780198784593?cc=gb&lang=en&,"British leaders use spies and Special Forces to interfere in the affairs of others discreetly and deniably. Since 1945, MI6 has spread misinformation designed to divide and discredit targets from the Middle East to Eastern Europe and Northern Ireland. It has instigated whispering campaigns and planted false evidence on officials working behind the Iron Curtain, tried to foment revolution in Albania, blown up ships to prevent the passage of refugees to Israel, and secretly funnelled aid to insurgents in Afghanistan and dissidents in Poland. MI6 has launched cultural and economic warfare against Iceland and Czechoslovakia. It has tried to instigate coups in Congo, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and elsewhere. Through bribery and blackmail, Britain has rigged elections as colonies moved to independence. Britain has fought secret wars in Yemen, Indonesia, and Oman — and discreetly used Special Forces to eliminate enemies from colonial Malaya to Libya during the Arab Spring. This is covert action: a vital, though controversial, tool of statecraft and perhaps the most sensitive of all government activity. If used wisely, it can play an important role in pursuing national interests in a dangerous world. If used poorly, it can cause political scandal — or worse. In Disrupt and Deny, Rory Cormac tells the remarkable true story of Britain's secret scheming against its enemies, as well as its friends; of intrigue and manoeuvring within the darkest corridors of Whitehall, where officials fought to maintain control of this most sensitive and seductive work; and, above all, of Britain's attempt to use smoke and mirrors to mask decline. He reveals hitherto secret operations, the slush funds that paid for them, and the battles in Whitehall that shaped them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K7E4SR8W,2018-05-10,Rory Cormac,Oxford University Press,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4103,"The drugs don’t work: intelligence, torture and the London Cage, 1940–8",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1478629,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3SUZAKPY,2018-09-19,Dan Lomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:51:36Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2018.1478629,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2805613637,0.0,True,,,,2018.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/47215/3/17-Fry-Lomas-RA%20%28FINAL%29.pdf, 4104,Positivism and its limitations for strategic intelligence: a non-constructivist info-gap critique,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1471846,"Knowledge underlies rational choice between options. Predictive optimization is the prioritization of options according to their predicted outcomes based on available knowledge. The epistemological justification of predictive optimization is based on positivism, which asserts that facts and laws about the world exist and are discoverable. However, knowledge of human affairs in strategic adversarial interactions is often severely limited and erroneous: residual uncertainty is often vast. This results especially from deception and innovation by the adversary which introduce deep Knightian uncertainty. Consequently, predictive optimization is unreliable: outcomes may differ substantially from predictions. An alternative strategy for prioritization of options is info-gap robust satisficing: achieve critical goals (that are adequate but perhaps suboptimal) over a wide range of deviation of reality from current knowledge. The epistemological justification of robust satisficing is based on extending positivism to acknowledge and manage the unknown. Prioritization of options by robust satisficing manages both the limitations of knowledge and the need for achieving critical goals. This critique of positivism is not constructivist. Rather, we extend positivism to account for highly deficient knowledge. We present several examples and conclude by discussing the relation between inductive, abductive and deductive inference.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2MPJBGL,2018-09-19,Yakov Ben-Haim,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:51:17Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1471846,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2802648697,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2802648697,2019.0,2024.0,2018.0,,1.0 4105,The use of intelligence to determine attribution of the 2010 Haiti cholera disaster,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1464430,"Some public health crises and disasters represent threats to national security. In 2010 and 2011, Haiti experienced a cholera disaster surpassing all others in the world following a catastrophic earthquake. A novel integrated intelligence system, the Haiti Epidemic Advisory System (HEAS), provided critical information indicating the United Nations was the accidental source of the cholera disaster. This report reviews the operational context of the HEAS in relation to traditional public health surveillance and the role of intelligence in the determination of biological threat attribution.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AMHFMZKL,2018-09-19,James M. Wilson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:50:22Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1464430,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2801927739,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2801927739,2020.0,2020.0,2018.0,,2.0 4106,"Favorite INTs: how they develop, why they matter",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1449371,"Collection of important information is a critical part of the intelligence business. Less recognized and studied is the differential use of types of intelligence information based on personal and organizational preferences for, and biases against, specific intelligence collection disciplines, or ‘INTs’. This article presents a framework for assessing the implications of ‘favorite INTs’ for policy-making, policy implementation, and intelligence analysis. The record shows that favorite INTs negatively influence analysts and the use of intelligence by senior political leaders and military commanders. Practitioners can improve intelligence support and scholars can better understand how intelligence influences decision-making by appreciating how and why favorite INTs develop and influence decision-makers and analysts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZQIXN6JJ,2018-09-19,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:47:44Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'TEMXY72R']",10.1080/02684527.2018.1449371,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2793207736,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2793207736,2019.0,2025.0,2018.0,,1.0 4107,The impact of intelligence on decision-making: the EU and the Arab Spring,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1434449,"This article examines the 2007 EU all-source intelligence assessment ‘Worst Case Scenarios for the Narrower Middle East’ and the lack of policy response to the warning provided. SIT-6577/07 mostly predicted and provided forewarning on some of the events lately known as the Arab Spring, as well as a rise of anti-European terrorism, and an increase of refugees and migrants in the European Union. The article offers a post-mortem analysis of the key judgements and main findings of the most significant intelligence product declassified by the EU and discusses the main question: Why the warning was not effective?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IIRY2JKS,2018-07-29,"Rubén Arcos, José-Miguel Palacios",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:38:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B4CCZ7Y8', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2018.1434449,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2792314938,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2792314938,2018.0,2026.0,2018.0,https://hdl.handle.net/10115/27647,0.0 4108,Spying on chaos: the Somali model of intelligence on failed states,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1442294,"Failed states pose ongoing strategic challenges for governments concerned with terrorism, poverty and uncontrolled migration. Policy approaches to failed states have ranged from state-building efforts to humanitarian debacles, and outright inaction. This article approaches failed states primarily as intelligence challenges, and uses Somalia as a model of targeting intelligence collection for failed states. This model demonstrates that economic activity offers an approach to intelligence gathering in such environments. In tracing Somalia’s economic successes from the collapse of the Somali state in 1991, this research shows how the business activity produces the needed intelligence opportunities that a strategy for a failed state requires.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S823UEKC,2018-07-29,Ian Oxnevad,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:36:37Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1442294,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2792386648,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2792386648,2020.0,2020.0,2018.0,,2.0 4109,Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Professor Gregory F. Treverton,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1438824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P5BJ3ZIC,2018-07-29,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:35:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1438824,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2793586335,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2793586335,2022.0,2022.0,2018.0,,4.0 4110,The Debs of Bletchley Park,Book,,"For Winston Churchill the men and women at Bletchley Park were the geese the laid the golden eggs , providing important intelligence that led to the Allied victory in the Second World War.At the peak of Bletchley s success, a total of twelve thousand people worked there of whom more than eight thousand were women. These included a former ballerina who helped to crack the Enigma Code; a debutante working for the Admiralty with a direct line to Churchill; the convent girl who operated the Bombes, the top secret machines that tested Enigma settings; and the German literature student whose codebreaking saved countless lives at D-Day. All these women were essential cogs in a very large machine, yet their stories have been kept secret.In The Debs of Bletchley Park author Michael Smith, trustee of Bletchley Park and chair of the Trust s Historical Advisory Committee, tells their tale. Through interviews with the women themselves and unique access to the Bletchley Park archives, Smith reveals how they came to be there, the lives they gave up to do their bit for the war effort, and the part they played in the vital work of Station X .They are an incredible set of women, and this is their story.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3MK5VCQD,2015-06-18,Michael Smith,Aurum Press Ltd,,2024-01-31T15:30:50Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4111,Hitler's Fremde Heere Ost: German Military Intelligence on the Eastern Front 1942-45,Book,https://www.helion.co.uk/military-history-books/hitlers-fremde-heere-ost-german-military-intelligence-on-the-eastern-front-1942-45.php,"The General Staff Division of Fremde Heere Ost (Military Intelligence Service, Eastern Section) which from 1942 was led by Reinhard Gehlen, was the nerve-centre of Hitler's military reconnaissance on the Eastern Front. This department worked professionally and was operationally and tactically reliable. However, at a strategic level there were clear deficits: the industrial capacity of the Soviet arms industry, the politico-military intentions and the details of the Red Army's plans for their offensive remained for the most part hidden from the department. When the Second World War ended, Gehlen put the documents and personnel of Fremde Heere Ost at the disposal of the Americans. With their support he was able to build a new foreign secret service which later evolved into the Federal Intelligence Service. In this book, military historian Magnus Pahl presents a complete overview of the structure, personnel and working methods of Fremde Heere Ost based on a tremendous array of archival sources. This work includes an extensive case study of the East Pomeranian Operation 1945. Pahl's study is a significant contribution to our understanding of German strategic, operational and tactical thinking on the Eastern Front 1941-45.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ALFW255Y,2016-04-15,Magnus Pahl,Helion & Company Ltd.,,2024-01-31T15:28:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4112,Cartographic intelligence: the atlas as access,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1464106,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QNY4J7GC,2018-06-07,Joseph W. Caddell Jr.,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:28:03Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1464106,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2807013295,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2807013295,2020.0,2020.0,2018.0,,2.0 4113,"Indian intelligence revealed: an examination of operations, failures and transformations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1327135,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3S7RK22,2018-06-07,Ryan Shaffer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:27:34Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2017.1327135,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2615000981,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2615000981,2024.0,2024.0,2017.0,,7.0 4114,"In remembrance: Admiral Stansfield Turner, Naval officer as DCI",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1437952,"Admiral Stansfield Turner, a former chief of the U.S. Intelligence Community (formally, the Director of Central Intelligence or DCI), died in early 2018. He served as DCI during the Carter Administration, where he was known to be an advocate of stronger intelligence accountability. This previously unpublished interview with him from 1991 discloses his views on a range of intelligence topics, as he reflected back on his experiences a decade after his tenure as DCI.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K58IIBKI,2018-06-07,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T15:27:16Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1437952,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2792192600,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 4115,The way ahead in explaining intelligence organization and process,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1452566,"This article considers the state of play with respect to modelling and explaining intelligence. First, there are some brief comments on the issue of theory itself; second, there is a more detailed consideration of the key elements of the information and power processes which constitute ‘intelligence’ and, third, it examines the main variables of regime, strategy and technology that must be considered in explaining the nature of intelligence systems. Finally, some implications for future research are considered.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EDUE6B5F,2018-06-07,Peter Gill,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:52:56Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1452566,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2805861251,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2805861251,2020.0,2025.0,2018.0,,2.0 4116,A theoretical reframing of the intelligence–policy relation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1452558,"The intertwined relation between policy and intelligence has long been considered a vital issue for intelligence studies. However, this article argues that the role of the intelligence services as producers of knowledge within policy processes has not yet been thoroughly discussed within academia. One possible overall theoretical framework for studying intelligence in its role as knowledge producer is that of policy analysis, especially if the variance of intelligence’s impact on policy is under scrutiny. More specifically, this article argues that the theoretical approaches within critical policy analysis and policy network analysis constitute productive frameworks for research into the intelligence–policy nexus.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7C54XVR6,2018-06-07,Gunilla Eriksson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:51:44Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2018.1452558,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2806420860,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2806420860,2021.0,2026.0,2018.0,,3.0 4117,‘Quo Vadis?’ A comparatist meets a theorist searching for a grand theory of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1452575,"Theorists have invoked comparative intelligence studies as an arena for testing a ‘grand theory of intelligence.’ Current grand theories of intelligence fall down against comparative analysis. Based on insights from comparative intelligence studies, this paper proposes to 1) identify key problems that have plagued the search for a theory of intelligence 2) reassess the role of comparative intelligence in testing or constructing a theory of intelligence and 3) offer observations to guide intelligence theorists in an era of transition. Ultimately, this paper seeks to join the comparatist and the theorist in their mutual (albeit often competing) aspiration to understand intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UBLNDQR7,2018-06-07,Jeffrey P. Rogg,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:51:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1452575,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2805324009,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2805324009,2021.0,2024.0,2018.0,,3.0 4118,Intelligence theory from the margins: questions ignored and debates not had,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1452544,This article explores post-2009 contributions to intelligence theorizing that focus on critique and transformation of dominant IS ontologies and epistemologies. This exploration illuminates diverse theoretical resources that can help reveal hidden or misunderstood intelligence-related phenomena. The article contributes to recent calls for establishing a Critical Intelligence Studies subfield that attempts to move associated scholarship from the margins of Intelligence Studies to a more visible and influential position within the field.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PDXAZR9Z,2018-06-07,Hamilton Bean,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:50:56Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1452544,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2805049338,24.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2805049338,2017.0,2026.0,2018.0,,-1.0 4119,Intelligence is as intelligence does,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1452593,"Anglo-American scholars have sought to define ‘intelligence’ by positing that it helps leaders acquire and control information against competitors. Most or all agree that intelligence entails collection, analysis, and counterintelligence, and many add covert action as well. These core functions of intelligence, however, neglect the variety of activities that intelligence services have also engaged in, such as conducting diplomacy, guarding borders, running prisons, operating military units, designing atomic bombs, and managing professional soccer teams. Such peripheral functions can vary across time and place, while the core functions endure but can gradually grow in number over time. Simultaneously, non-intelligence agencies encroach on the turf of intelligence agencies. Thus, ‘intelligence’ is what intelligence agencies do. We close by wondering how these insights can generate testable hypotheses to illuminate patterns in intelligence functions and organizations over time and across a range of regimes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PYSY5JRH,2018-06-07,"Mark Stout, Michael Warner",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:17:23Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1452593,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2805513259,24.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2805513259,2019.0,2026.0,2018.0,,1.0 4120,Intelligence and the liberal conscience,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1456637,"The question of how to reconcile the practice of national security intelligence with the values on which liberal democracies are understood to be based was very much present at the creation of Intelligence Studies. At a time when the conceptual landscape of Intelligence Studies has broadened, this article represents a revisiting of these first principles. In it, I explain the normative tension between the requirements of liberal democratic orders and the practice of national security intelligence as arising from three sources. First, the confusions that arise from liberalism itself as an ideology. Second, the constraining effect of the international. Third, the constraining ‘problem’ of the nature of the liberal democratic state. In light of these and contemporary anxieties about the implications of intelligence practice for liberal values, I discuss how far it is possible or useful to think in terms of ‘liberal intelligence’ and what its core characteristics might be held to be.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6RTB2SXD,2018-06-07,Mark Phythian,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:15:26Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1456637,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2795977557,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2795977557,2018.0,2022.0,2018.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Intelligence_and_the_Liberal_Conscience/10217576,0.0 4121,Evaluating intelligence theories: current state of play,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1452567,"This article evaluates the current state of play regarding the growing number of references to intelligence theory in the intelligence studies literature, with preliminary observations as follows: while most new contributions are extensions or enhancements of existing theories, new intelligence theories have been quite valuable in terms of enhancing understandings of intelligence as a function of government, with additional theories being developed outside the intelligence studies literature. Looking ahead, the development of schools of thought for theories built around particular kinds of questions would help enhance intelligence studies scholarship through debates over definitions, ontological understandings, epistemological frameworks, and theories.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2C9MFBYE,2018-06-07,Stephen Marrin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:10:11Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1452567,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2806740948,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2806740948,2018.0,2025.0,2018.0,,0.0 4122,Theory and practice,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1452596,"A sometime practitioner reflects on how theory might help address the challenges of doing intelligence: balancing strategic and tactical; knowing when ‘stories’ have been overtaken; understanding intelligence–policy relations in ways more subtle than ‘politicization’ adapting to big data; rethinking the canonical, and no longer helpful ‘intelligence cycle’; collaborating more with the private sector; and perhaps hardest, dealing with ‘false facts’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5DCVK823,2018-06-07,Gregory F. Treverton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:09:57Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1452596,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4249305230,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4249305230,2019.0,2025.0,2018.0,,1.0 4123,Developing intelligence theory,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1457752,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8ZDG2MSB,2018-06-07,"Peter Gill, Mark Phythian",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T14:09:28Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1457752,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2796282726,20.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2796282726,2019.0,2026.0,2018.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2018.1457752?needAccess=true,1.0 4124,Reactions to David Sherman’s ‘William Friedman and Pearl Harbor’,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2017.1400228,"Published in Intelligence and National Security (Vol. 33, No. 3, 2018)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EZZCBT4A,2018-4-16,,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T13:57:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4125,William Friedman and Pearl Harbor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1400226,"Pearl Harbor was a seminal event for pioneering American cryptographer William Friedman and the subject of an analysis he wrote after retiring from government in the mid-1950s. While Friedman’s conclusions are not particularly innovative, the way in which he arrives at them is and also accounts for how he and his contemporaries were both surprised and not surprised by the Japanese attack.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XAFX7WY5,2018-04-16,David Sherman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T13:57:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2017.1400226,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2770727678,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2770727678,2018.0,2018.0,2017.0,,1.0 4126,"The Secret War in Afghanistan: The Soviet Union, China and Anglo-American Intelligence in the Afghan War",Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/secret-war-in-afghanistan-9780755649532/,"The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, in support of a Marxist-Leninist government, and the subsequent nine-year conflict with the indigenous Afghan Mujahedeen was one of the bloodiest conflicts of the Cold War. Key details of the circumstances surrounding the invasion and its ultimate conclusion only months before the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 have long remained unclear; it is a confidential narrative of clandestine correspondence, covert operations and failed intelligence. The Secret War in Afghanistan undertakes a full analysis of recently declassified intelligence archives in order to asses Anglo-American secret intelligence and diplomacy relating to the invasion of Afghanistan and unveil the Cold War realities behind the rhetoric. Rooted at every turn in close examination of the primary evidence, it outlines the secret operations of the CIA, MI6 and the KGB, and the full extent of the aid and intelligence from the West which armed and trained the Afghan fighters. Drawing from US, UK and Russian archives, Panagiotis Dimitrakis analyses the Chinese arms deals with the CIA, the multiple recorded intelligence failures of KGB intelligence and secret letters from the office of Margaret Thatcher to Jimmy Carter. In so doing, this study brings a new scholarly perspective to some of the most controversial events of Cold War history. Dimitrakis also outlines the full extent of China's involvement in arming the Mujahedeen, which led to the PRC effectively fighting the Soviet Union by proxy. This will be essential reading for scholars and students of the Cold War, American History and the Modern Middle East.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RHQDJBZY,2023-06-29,Panagiotis Dimitrakis,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-31T13:53:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4127,"Before Intelligence Failed: British Secret Intelligence on Chemical and Biological Weapons in the Soviet Union, South Africa and Libya",Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/before-intelligence-failed-9781849043007,"In the wake of the 2003 Iraq War, the term 'intelligence failure' became synonymous with the Blair Government and how it had used intelligence to construct a case for war. This book examines British secret intelligence over the thirty years preceding its very public failings. From the Soviet Union to South Africa and Libya, Mark Wilkinson provides a detailed analysis and vivid account of the development and functioning of Britain's intelligence agencies in the struggle against the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons. Based on archival research and interviews with key players in the intelligence establishment, he shows how a handful of chemical and biological weapons experts battled to make their voices heard. They had evidence that illegal weapons development was taking place but were continually rebuffed by adversaries in Whitehall. Fascinating, surprising and sometimes shocking, Before Intelligence Failed is a compelling account of what was known about chemical and biological weapons proliferation before the Iraq War. , In the wake of the 2003 Iraq War, the term 'intelligence failure' became synonymous with the Blair Government and how it had used intelligence to construct a case for war. This book examines British secret intelligence over the thirty years preceding its very public failings. From the Soviet Union to South Africa and Libya, Mark Wilkinson provides a detailed analysis and vivid account of the development and functioning of Britain's intelligence agencies in the struggle against the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons. Based on archival research and interviews with key players in the intelligence establishment, he shows how a handful of chemical and biological weapons experts battled to make their voices heard. They had evidence that illegal weapons development was taking place but were continually rebuffed by adversaries in Whitehall. Fascinating, surprising and sometimes shocking, Before Intelligence Failed is a compelling account of what was known about chemical and biological weapons proliferation before the Iraq War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UDDGL9C8,2018-04-01,Mark Wilkinson,Hurst Publishers,,2023-01-28T10:23:50Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4128,Why Spy?: The Art of Intelligence,Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/why-spy/,"Why Spy? distills Brian Stewart’s seventy years of experience in intelligence. Few books currently available have been written by someone who has his practical experience both of field work and of the intelligence bureaucracy at home and abroad. Stewart relates successes and failures via a fascinating series of vignettes, either those cases in which he was personally involved, or seminal events such as the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and draws conclusions that should be pondered by all those concerned with the limitations and usefulness of the intelligence product. Stewart also cautions against the tendency to abuse or ignore intelligence findings when their conclusions do not fit with preconceived ideas. He reminds the reader of the multiplicity of methods and organisations and the wide range of talents making up the intelligence world. The emphasis throughout Why Spy? is on the necessity of embracing a range of sources, including police, political, military and overt, to ensure that secret intelligence is placed in as wide a context as possible when decisions are made.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7YNSEAPR,2020-03-01,"Brian Stewart, Samantha Newbery",Hurst Publishers,,2024-01-31T13:48:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4129,Spymaster: Startling Cold War Revelations of a Soviet KGB Chief,Book,https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/9781626360655/spymaster,"From the dark days of World War II through the Cold War, Sergey A. Kondrashev was a major player in Russia’s notorious KGB espionage apparatus. Rising through its ranks through hard work and keen understanding of how the spy and political games are played, he “handled” American and British defectors, recruited Western operatives as double agents, served as a ranking officer at the East Berlin and Vienna KGB bureaus, and tackled special assignments from the Kremlin. During a 1994 television program about former spymasters, Kondrashev met and began a close friendship with a former foe, ex–CIA officer Tennent H. “Pete” Bagley, whom the Russian asked to help write his memoirs. Because Bagley knew so about much of Kondrashev’s career (they had been on opposite sides in several operations), his penetrating questions and insights reveal slices of never-revealed espionage history that rival anything found in the pages of Ian Fleming, Len Deighton, or John le Carré: chilling tales of surviving Stalin’s purges while superiors and colleagues did not, of plotting to reveal the Berlin Tunnel, of quelling the Hungarian Revolution and “Prague Spring” independence movements, and of assisting in arranging the final disposition of the corpses of Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun. Kondrashev also details equally fascinating KGB propaganda and disinformation efforts that shaped Western attitudes throughout the Cold War. Because publication of these memoirs was banned by Putin’s regime, Bagley promised Kondrashev to have them published in the West. They are now available to all who are fascinated by vivid tales of international intrigue.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C2MBZI3F,2013-11-06,Tennent H. Bagley,Skyhorse Publishing,,2024-01-31T13:45:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4130,The diary of an undercover agent in Mexico’s war on drugs,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1380140,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A24NWLTN,2018-02-23,"Carlos Barrera, R. Gerald Hughes",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T12:45:31Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2017.1380140,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2771516861,0.0,True,,,,2017.0,, 4131,The CIA and enhanced interrogation techniques in the war on terror,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1357889,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GINPRIUF,2018-01-02,Emma Harries,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T12:41:36Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2017.1357889,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2741212928,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2741212928,2025.0,2025.0,2017.0,,8.0 4132,"If I only had a brain: Yip Harburg, J. Edgar Hoover, and the failures of FBI intelligence work",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1314903,"E. Y. Harburg, the lyricist behind The Wizard of Oz, remains one of the most important songwriters blacklisted during the Cold War. His removal from Hollywood features in the 1950s denied moviegoers a distinct American voice whose lyrics mixed humor and entertainment to champion liberal causes. From 1944–1972, Director J. Edgar Hoover and the Bureau’s major field offices investigated Harburg. His declassified FBI file shows institutionalized incompetence in the way the Bureau went about writing reports, evaluating evidence, making conclusions, and conducting counter-intelligence work. Harburg’s story illuminates the battle between the left and right to shape popular culture during the Cold War. Hoover and Harburg held opposing views on politics, religion, economics, and race. Yet both men shared a fervent faith in popular culture’s capacity to transform America. Together they vied to remake the nation according to their own distinct visions – Hoover’s fear of declension stood in contrast to Harburg’s hope for radical progress.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UM7Y6ZP8,2018-01-02,Francis MacDonnell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T12:39:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2017.1314903,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2605918703,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2605918703,2019.0,2020.0,2017.0,,2.0 4133,The operational code approach to profiling political leaders: understanding Vladimir Putin,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1313523,"Content analytics applied to open source material can assist in understanding, predicting, and influencing the behavior of foreign political leaders. We provide evidence to this effect by profiling Russian President Vladimir Putin, who remains a source of consternation to the academic, intelligence, and policy communities. We apply the operational code scheme to a corpus of over one million words spoken by Putin across his time in office, and use the results to adjudicate between the competing portraits of him in the extant literature. We find Putin to hold broadly mainstream beliefs about international politics, albeit qualified by hyper-aggressiveness toward terrorism and a startling preoccupation with political control. His approach is that of an opportunist rather than a strategist. These data represent a stream of information that must be combined with other sources and integrated, through policy judgment, into a comprehensive approach to a foreign political leader.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UVMNABWR,2018-01-02,"Stephen Benedict Dyson, Matthew J. Parent",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T12:38:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1080/02684527.2017.1313523,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2606112249,45.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2606112249,2017.0,2026.0,2017.0,,0.0 4134,"State Department Counterintelligence: Leaks, Spies, and Lies",Book,,"A veteran counterintelligence agent presents a revealing chronicle of his State Department investigations into intelligence leaks and spying on US soil. On October 7th, 1974, Robert D. Booth swore an oath to support and uphold the United States Constitution as a special agent of the State Department’s Office of Security. As a member of the Special Investigations Branch, he investigated numerous information leaks, losses of classified documents, and instances of espionage. Now, in State Department Counterintelligence, Booth reveals some of the most egregious leaks, spies, and lies that have adversely affected national security over his decades-long career. Booth tells the story of his pivotal role in three major counterespionage assignments as well as numerous investigations into unauthorized disclosures—including the unmasking of Fidel Castro’s most damaging US citizen spy. With the narrative style of a political thriller, Booth brings readers inside the real world of counterintelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TFWV2FHX,2014-12-05,Robert David Booth,Brown Books Publishing Group,,2024-01-31T12:35:39Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4135,Patriotic betrayal: the inside story of the CIA’s secret campaign to enroll American students in the crusade against communism,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300205084/patriotic-betrayal,"The previously untold true story of the CIA’s clandestine use of American students as undercover operatives during the Cold War In 1967, CIA director Richard Helms had, as he would later recall, “one of my darkest days” when President Lyndon Johnson told him that the muckraking magazine Ramparts was about to expose one of the Agency’s best-kept secrets: a covert project to enroll American students in the crusade against communism. Ramparts, however, had only a small part of the story of the CIA’s two-decades-long effort to suborn the National Student Association. Patriotic Betrayal tells the rest of the tale, which reads like a John le Carré novel, filled with self-serving rationalizations, layers of duplicity, and bureaucratic double-talk. In this eye-opening book, Karen M. Paget, herself a former member of the NSA, mined hundreds of archival sources and declassified documents, and interviewed more than 150 people, to uncover precisely how the CIA turned the NSA into an intelligence asset during the Cold War, with students used—sometimes wittingly but usually unwittingly—as undercover agents inside America and abroad. A rich and suspenseful account of an under-examined episode in the Cold War, Patriotic Betrayal describes the relationship from its inception in 1947, when both the NSA and CIA were established, to 1967, when public exposure forced the CIA to discontinue the arrangement while successfully engineering a cover-up of the extent of its penetration into the NSA. For the first time, Paget tells the full story revealing that what began as a straightforward project to thwart perceived Soviet influence in America and abroad grew and diversified, and that intelligence-gathering and espionage—despite subsequent CIA denials—were integral to its nature. How did a domestic liberal student organization become, effectively, a covert arm of a secret government organization charged with advancing U.S. foreign policy aims? The answer throws a sharp light on the persistent argument, heard even today, about whether America’s national-security interests can be secured by skullduggery and deception. Patriotic Betrayal is an indispensable history of the dark side of Cold War good intentions and fills a significant gap in an important era of postwar twentieth-century history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5KDHFLAR,2015-02-26,Karen M. Paget,Yale University Press,,2024-01-31T12:31:20Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4136,"Intelligence, National Security, and Foreign Policy -A South Asian Narrative",Book,,"Although the linkage between intelligence, national security , and foreign policy is widely debated in the Western academia, there is hardly any public discussion of intelligence in South Asia, a region that came to international prominence as a front-line in the U.S-led global war on terrorism. This book addresses the prevailing knowledge gap by presenting a South Asian narrative. It is organized into four parts. The first part anchors the issue of intelligence from a theoretical and historical perspective. The second part adopts the functional, structural, and political approaches to study security and intelligence in Bangladesh context. The book then turns into intelligence requirements for strategic decision makers in analyzing the complex issues of aviation security, maritime security, and regional security cooperation. The fourth part broadens the discussion by exploring the cross-cutting debates on intelligence failure, intelligence reform, and democratic oversight of intelligence agencies. The book concludes with an analysis of the challenges to and opportunities for intelligence to emerge as a legitimate field of study in South Asia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IKCK97G7,2016-01-01,ASM Ali Ashraf,Bangladesh Institute of Law and International Affairs,,2024-01-31T12:29:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4137,Disciples: The World War II Missions of the CIA Directors Who Fought for Wild Bill Donovan,Book,https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Disciples/Douglas-Waller/9781451693744,"“A fantastic book, one of the very finest accounts of wartime spookery” (The Wall Street Journal)—a spellbinding adventure story of four secret OSS agents who would all later lead the CIA and their daring espionage and sabotage in wartime Europe from the author of the bestselling Wild Bill Donavan. They are the most famous and controversial directors the CIA has ever had—Allen Dulles, Richard Helms, William Colby, and William Casey. Before each of these four men became their country’s top spymaster, they fought in World War II as secret warriors for Wild Bill Donovan’s Office of Strategic Services. Allen Dulles ran the OSS’s most successful spy operation against the Axis. Bill Casey organized dangerous missions to penetrate Nazi Germany. Bill Colby led OSS commando raids behind the lines in occupied France and Norway. Richard Helms mounted risky intelligence programs against the Russians in the ruins of Berlin. Later, they were the most controversial directors the CIA has ever had. Dulles launched the calamitous operation at Cuba’s Bay of Pigs. Helms was convicted of lying to Congress over the CIA’s role in the ousting of President Salvador Allende in Chile. Colby would become a pariah for releasing a report on CIA misdeeds during the 1950s, sixties and early seventies. Casey would nearly bring down the CIA—and Ronald Reagan’s presidency—from a scheme that secretly supplied Nicaragua’s contras with money raked off from the sale of arms to Iran for American hostages in Beirut. Mining thousands of once-secret World War II documents and interviewing scores, Waller has written a worthy successor to Wild Bill Donovan. “Entertaining and richly detailed” (The Washington Post), Disciples is the story of these four dynamic agents and their daring espionage and sabotage in wartime Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LMFKLXJD,2015-10-06,Douglas Waller,Simon & Schuster,,2024-01-31T12:25:36Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4138,Playing to the edge: American intelligence in the age of terror,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/318283/playing-to-the-edge-by-michael-v-hayden/,"From the bestselling author of The Assault on Intelligence, an unprecedented high-level master narrative of America’s intelligence wars, demonstrating in a time of new threats that espionage and the search for facts are essential to our democracy For General Michael Hayden, playing to the edge means playing so close to the line that you get chalk dust on your cleats. Otherwise, by playing back, you may protect yourself, but you will be less successful in protecting America. “Play to the edge” was Hayden’s guiding principle when he ran the National Security Agency, and it remained so when he ran CIA. In his view, many shortsighted and uninformed people are quick to criticize, and this book will give them much to chew on but little easy comfort; it is an unapologetic insider’s look told from the perspective of the people who faced awesome responsibilities head on, in the moment. How did American intelligence respond to terrorism, a major war and the most sweeping technological revolution in the last 500 years? What was NSA before 9/11 and how did it change in its aftermath? Why did NSA begin the controversial terrorist surveillance program that included the acquisition of domestic phone records? What else was set in motion during this period that formed the backdrop for the infamous Snowden revelations in 2013? As Director of CIA in the last three years of the Bush administration, Hayden had to deal with the rendition, detention and interrogation program as bequeathed to him by his predecessors. He also had to ramp up the agency to support its role in the targeted killing program that began to dramatically increase in July 2008. This was a time of great crisis at CIA, and some agency veterans have credited Hayden with actually saving the agency. He himself won’t go that far, but he freely acknowledges that CIA helped turn the American security establishment into the most effective killing machine in the history of armed conflict. For 10 years, then, General Michael Hayden was a participant in some of the most telling events in the annals of American national security. General Hayden’s goals are in writing this book are simple and unwavering: No apologies. No excuses. Just what happened. And why. As he writes, “There is a story here that deserves to be told, without varnish and without spin. My view is my view, and others will certainly have different perspectives, but this view deserves to be told to create as complete a history as possible of these turbulent times. I bear no grudges, or at least not many, but I do want this to be a straightforward and readable history for that slice of the American population who depend on and appreciate intelligence, but who do not have the time to master its many obscure characteristics.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9AUWDGN9,2017-02-21,Michael V. Hayden,Penguin,,2024-01-31T12:14:12Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4139,"Constructing Cassandra: Reframing Intelligence Failure at the CIA, 1947–2001",Book,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=22067,"Constructing Cassandra analyzes the intelligence failures at the CIA that resulted in four key strategic surprises experienced by the US: the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, the Iranian revolution of 1978, the collapse of the USSR in 1991, and the 9/11 terrorist attacks—surprises still play out today in U.S. policy. Although there has been no shortage of studies exploring how intelligence failures can happen, none of them have been able to provide a unified understanding of the phenomenon. To correct that omission, this book brings culture and identity to the foreground to present a unified model of strategic surprise; one that focuses on the internal make-up the CIA, and takes seriously those Cassandras who offered warnings, but were ignored. This systematic exploration of the sources of the CIA's intelligence failures points to ways to prevent future strategic surprises.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GKD9QQTX,2013,"Philippe Silberzahn, Milo Jones",Stanford University Press,,2024-01-31T11:37:17Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4140,Gabrielle Petit: The Death and Life of a Female Spy in the First World War,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/gabrielle-petit-9781472590893/,"In central Brussels stands a statue of a young woman. Built in 1923, it is the first monument to a working-class woman in European history. Her name was Gabrielle Petit. History has forgotten Petit, an ambitious and patriotic Belgian, executed by firing squad in 1916 for her role as an intelligence agent for the British Army. After the First World War she was celebrated as an example of stern endeavour, but a hundred years later her memory has faded. In the first part of this historical biography Sophie De Schaepdrijver uses Petit's life to explore gender, class and heroism in the context of occupied Europe. Petit's experiences reveal the reality of civilian engagement under military occupation and the emergence of modern espionage. The second part of the book focuses on the legacy and cultural memory of Petit and the First World War. By analysing Petit's representation in ceremony, discourse and popular culture De Schaepdrijver expands our understanding of remembrance across the 20th century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6DHEY74U,2015-02-01,Sophie De Schaepdrijver,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-31T11:34:52Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4141,The Secret War Between the Wars: MI5 in the 1920s and 1930s,Book,https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781783277094/the-secret-war-between-the-wars-mi5-in-the-1920s-and-1930s/,"The methods developed by British intelligence in the early twentieth century still resonate today, like before the Second World War, focused on immediate threats posed by subversive, clandestine networks against a backdrop of shifting great power politics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C7NG9WUM,2014-10-01,Kevin Quinlan,Boydell & Brewer,,2023-03-20T19:34:28Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1017/9781782043423,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4321637813,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4321637813,2015.0,2025.0,2014.0,,1.0 4142,"Fighting EOKA: The British Counter–Insurgency Campaign on Cyprus, 1955-1959",Book,https://academic.oup.com/book/5193,"Drawing upon a wide range of unpublished sources, including files from the recently released Foreign and Commonwealth Office ‘migrated archive’, this book is the first fully researched account of the operations of the British security forces on Cyprus in the second half of the 1950s. It shows how between 1955 and 1959 they tried to defeat the Greek Cypriot paramilitary organisation, EOKA, which was fighting to bring about Enosis, that is the union between Cyprus and Greece. By tracing the evolving pattern of EOKA violence and the responses of the police, the British army, the civil administration on the island, and the minority Turkish Cypriot community, the book explains why the British could contain the military threat posed by EOKA, but could not eliminate it. The result was that by the spring of 1959 a political stalemate had descended upon Cyprus, and none of the contending parties had achieved their full objectives. Greek Cypriots had to be content with independence rather than Enosis. Turkish Cypriots, who had hoped to see the island partitioned on ethnic lines, were given only a share of power in the government of the new Republic, and the British, who had hoped to retain sovereignty over the whole of the island, were left in control of just two military enclaves.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SX8IM9TR,2015/3/01,David French,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-31T11:29:18Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4143,Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess,Book,https://www.hodder.co.uk/titles/andrew-lownie/stalins-englishman-the-lives-of-guy-burgess/9781473627383/,"Winner of the St Ermin’s Intelligence Book of the Year Award. ‘One of the great biographies of 2015.’ The Times Fully updated edition including recently released information. A Guardian Book of the Year. The Times Best Biography of the Year. Mail on Sunday Biography of the Year. Daily Mail Biography of Year. Spectator Book of the Year. BBC History Book of the Year. ‘A remarkable and definitive portrait ‘ Frederick Forsyth ‘Andrew Lownie’s biography of Guy Burgess, Stalin’s Englishman … shrewd, thorough, revelatory.’ William Boyd ‘In the sad and funny Stalin’s Englishman, [Lownie] manages to convey the charm as well as the turpitude.’ Craig Brown Guy Burgess was the most important, complex and fascinating of ‘The Cambridge Spies’ – Maclean, Philby, Blunt – all brilliant young men recruited in the 1930s to betray their country to the Soviet Union. An engaging and charming companion to many, an unappealing, utterly ruthless manipulator to others, Burgess rose through academia, the BBC, the Foreign Office, MI5 and MI6, gaining access to thousands of highly sensitive secret documents which he passed to his Russian handlers. In this first full biography, Andrew Lownie shows us how even Burgess’s chaotic personal life of drunken philandering did nothing to stop his penetration and betrayal of the British Intelligence Service. Even when he was under suspicion, the fabled charm which had enabled many close personal relationships with influential Establishment figures (including Winston Churchill) prevented his exposure as a spy for many years. Through interviews with more than a hundred people who knew Burgess personally, many of whom have never spoken about him before, and the discovery of hitherto secret files, Stalin’s Englishman brilliantly unravels the many lives of Guy Burgess in all their intriguing, chilling, colourful, tragi-comic wonder.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/STFX54Y3,2016-06-02,Andrew Lownie,Hodder & Stoughton,,2024-01-31T11:27:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4144,Intelligence gathering and the relationship between rulers and spies: some lessons from eminent and lesser-known classics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2016.1202426,"This paper aims to examine the relevance of intelligence gathering as an essential prerequisite for any political or military decision, and the resulting special relationship between rulers and spies, through a theoretical comparison between renowned classics and niche literature on strategy, literature, philosophy and political science belonging to several periods and historical contexts. Findings suggest that criticism on intelligence does not concern its utility, but rather the reliability of the sources, the obstacles presented by intelligence gathering and the ethics of spying. Spies are often described as ‘ramifications’ of the ruler, to whom they are tied by a special relationship of trust, rooted in a spirit of sacrifice, adequate remuneration and honours.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HWVXI2N5,2016-11-09,Stefano Musco,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T11:25:53Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/02684527.2016.1202426,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2462280471,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2462280471,2019.0,2024.0,2016.0,,3.0 4145,The US Government and the Italian coup manqué of 1964: the unintended consequences of intelligence hierarchies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1134194,"In the summer of 1964, Italian security forces and the President of the Republic attempted to remove the US-backed Italian center-left government. The attempt did not succeed, but the threat to do so was used to curtail the government’s reformist program. This article shows that the State Department and the CIA misunderstood the plans of the Italian President and security officers, dismissing the possibility of a forceful removal of the center-left, despite having a long-standing hierarchical relationship with Italian intelligence. US officials failed because of poor analytic tradecraft and because of two unintended consequences of international intelligence hierarchies: an excessive reliance on liaison over penetrations and the increased freedom of maneuver of Italian intelligence when faced with multiple, competing principals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AEDHNEJ3,2016-11-09,Matteo Faini,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T11:24:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2015.1134194,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2325272568,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2325272568,2019.0,2024.0,2016.0,,3.0 4146,"Spies and Scientologists: ASIO and a controversial minority religion in Cold War Australia, 1956–83",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2016.1175213,"Among all the controversial New Religious Movements to emerge since the Second World War, the Church of Scientology has arguably been subject to more scrutiny by domestic and international intelligence agencies than any other non-Islamic alternative religious group. While owing to the nature of intelligence gathering scholarly accounts of this have often been one-dimensional and brief, the situation in Australia resulting from the Archives Act 1983 has meant that historians of both intelligence agencies and new religions now have access to a significant amount of documentation illustrating the interactions between the Church of Scientology and the Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) for the period from 1956 to 1983. This period witnessed vacillating fortunes for the Church of Scientology which saw it become the subject of legislative bans in three Australian state jurisdictions during the late 1960s, as well as it launching a high profile, but ultimately unsuccessful, legal case against ASIO in 1979. While never considered a serious security risk by ASIO, the Church of Scientology played a minor role in a number of important events in the history of ASIO particularly during the 1970s, including participating in a wider activist campaign which sought to curtail ASIO’s operations during this period and making submissions to the first Royal Commission into the Australian Intelligence Services under Justice Robert Marsden Hope.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZBDDD8ZW,2016-11-09,Bernard Doherty,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T11:24:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2016.1175213,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2346079193,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2346079193,2021.0,2021.0,2016.0,,5.0 4147,Policy neutrality and uncertainty: an info-gap perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1121683,"Reducing uncertainty is a central goal of intelligence analysis. 'Reducing uncertainty' can mean (1) reduce ignorance or ambiguity or potential for surprise in describing situations or intentions, or (2) reduce adverse impacts of ignorance, ambiguity or surprise on decision outcomes. We make two claims. First, the second meaning needs greater attention in intelligence analysis. Uncertainty itself isn't pernicious, but adverse impact of surprise is. Some policy options are less vulnerable to uncertainty than others. These less vulnerable (i.e. more robust) options can tolerate more uncertainty. Analysts should identify policy options that are robust to uncertainty. Second, reducing the impact of uncertainty requires awareness of policymakers' goals. This needn't conflict with analysts' policy neutrality. Tension between neutrality and involvement arises in economics, engineering, and medicine. The method of info-gap robust-satisficing supports decision making under uncertainty in these and other disciplines. Implications for intelligence analysis are explored in this paper. We discuss the assessment of Iraqi WMD capability in 2002.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P6CUUAJD,2016-11-09,Yakov Ben-Haim,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T11:23:51Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2015.1121683,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2317632222,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2317632222,2016.0,2021.0,2015.0,,1.0 4148,When Casey’s blood pressure rose: a case study of intelligence politicization in the United States,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2016.1162401,"This article contributes to the debate on the politicization of intelligence with a case study of a major attempt of politicization that so far largely escaped academic attention: the Special National Intelligence Estimate on the Soviet Union’s role in international terrorism produced by the US Intelligence Community in spring 1981. Despite direct and indirect manipulation by members of President Reagan’s Cabinet, this case differs from those usually discussed in a decisive way – politicization failed. Based on the empirical analysis, a theoretical model of intelligence politicization is introduced that extends Joshua Rovner’s oversell model, which can explain why policymakers demand intelligence support but is insufficient due to its exclusive focus on the consumers of intelligence, by integrating the incentives of intelligence producers and specifying the determinants of whether politicization succeeds or fails.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J5BSM7CU,2016-11-09,Adrian Hänni,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T11:23:33Z,['CGAXYI88'],10.1080/02684527.2016.1162401,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2326668992,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2326668992,2017.0,2023.0,2016.0,,1.0 4149,"Intelligence Matters: The CIA, the FBI, Saudi Arabia, and the Failure of America's War on Terror",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700616268,"Shining much-needed light on areas the 9/11 Commission preferred to keep dark, Intelligence Matters chronicles the efforts of a historic joint House-Senate inquiry to get to the bottom of our intelligence failures on that infamous day in 2001. Originally published in 2004 amid the media circus surrounding The 9/11 Commission Report, it told more than a riveting tale—it also provided an unflinching expos of failure, incompetence, and deceit at the highest levels of our government. The Joint Inquiry, co-chaired by Senator Bob Graham (D-Florida), was the first and arguably most effective government body to investigate the horrendous 2001 attacks. Indeed, it helped compel a reluctant George W. Bush to establish the 9/11 Commission. But while both investigations sharply criticized the failures of our nation&8217;s intelligence establishment, only Graham’s dared to challenge the Bush administration on a number of troubling points—especially the apparent complicity of Saudi officials in the events of 9/11, the subsequent protection provided by President Bush for a large number of Saudis (including members of the bin Laden family), and the run-up to the Iraq War, which Graham voted against. The original work combined a compelling narrative of 9/11 with an insightful eyewitness chronicle of the Joint Inquiry’s investigation, conclusions, and recommendations. Sharply critiquing the failures at the CIA, FBI, and the White House and detailing at least twelve occasions when the 9/11 plot could have been stopped, it concluded with a clear plan for overhauling our intelligence and national security establishment. For this paperback edition, Graham has added a substantial new preface and postscript that lucidly examine how effectively the nation has responded—or failed to respond—to the Joint Inquiry’s recommendations. This edition restores Intelligence Matters to its rightful place as one of the key texts on the subject of 9/11 and provides a grim reminder of the challenges that remain for us in the war on terror.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F7A6PKG6,2008-09-01,"Bob Graham, Jeff Nussbaum",University Press of Kansas,,2024-01-31T10:06:46Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4150,"The Vietnam War from the Rear Echelon: An Intelligence Officer's Memoir, 1972-1973",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700635597,"Timothy Lomperis knows the Vietnam War, both as a soldier and as a scholar. In the latter role he has published extensively, including The War Everyone Lost—and Won, hailed as one of the best books ever written on that conflict. Even though he served two tours “in country” during the war’s most frustrating period—from the infamous Easter Invasion through the Paris Peace negotiations—this is the first time he has written about the war from such a personal perspective. An intelligence officer at the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), Lomperis and his comrades were tasked with translating Washington war policy into action. Lomperis provides a rare view of the war from the perspective of a rear echelon officer. He and other so-called REMFs were deeply involved in trying to devise and implement strategies that would the win the war. This largely neglected perspective takes center stage in Lomperis’s memoir, presenting a seldom-seen midlevel perspective that provides the missing links between the Washington-Hanoi peace negotiations and the deadly battles between troops in the field. In exposing the inner workings of a military headquarters during wartime, Lomperis recounts the tensions of a command caught between the political imperatives of Washington and the deteriorating military situation on the ground. Involved in the planning and execution of Nixon's 1972 Christmas Bombing Campaign, designed to push the North Vietnamese into peace negotiations, Lomperis sheds new light on Nixon’s “secret plan to end the war” while offering rare glimpses of military operations and decision making on the ground in Saigon. Giving color to the REMF story, he also offers a portrait of life in wartime Saigon, writing with genuine respect for and curiosity about Vietnamese culture. And ultimately, he describes his own moral conundrum as the son of missionaries and an initial Cold Warrior who undergoes a gradual disillusionment that resolves into peaceful reconciliation. This incisive memoir is essential for better comprehending what the Vietnam experience was like for the large contingent of Americans who served there. It suggests the need for some fundamental rethinking about Vietnam—not only for the war’s veterans but also for those concerned with the lessons it carries for U.S. involvement in current insurgencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A925ASXL,2011-09-01,Timothy J. Lomperis,University Press of Kansas,,2024-01-31T09:55:32Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4151,The Cambodian Wars: Clashing Armies and CIA Covert Operations,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700619009,"For most Americans, Cambodia was a sideshow to the war in Vietnam, but by the time of the Vietnam invasion of Democratic Kampuchea in 1978 and the subsequent war, it had finally moved to center stage. Kenneth Conboy chronicles the violence that plagued Cambodia from World War II until the end of the twentieth century and peels back the layers of secrecy that surrounded the CIA’s covert assistance to anticommunist forces in Cambodia during that span. Conboy’s path-breaking study provides the first complete assessment of CIA ops in two key periods—during the Khmer Republic’s existence (1970-1975), in support of American military action in Vietnam, and during the Reagan and first Bush presidencies (1981-1991), when the CIA challenged Soviet expansion by supporting exiled royalists, Republicans, and even former Communists trying to expel the Vietnamese from their country. Through interviews with dozens of CIA Cambodia veterans—as well as special forces officers from Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and Australia—he sheds new light on the contributions made by foreign intelligence services. Through information gleaned from the U.S. Defense Attache’s Office in Phnom Penh, he offers a detailed look at the development of the Khmer Rouge military structure, while his use of Vietnamese-language histories released by the People’s Army of Vietnam helps more fully illuminate the PAVN’s participation in the Cambodian wars. More than a simple exposé of CIA activities, however, The Cambodian Wars is also an authoritative history of that country’s struggles over half a century. Conboy examines Cambodia as kingdom, colony, republic, revolutionary state, and Vietnamese satellite, and offers fresh insight into the actions of key players—Norodom Sihanouk, Lon Nol, Sisowath Sirik Matak, Son Ngoc Thanh, and others—that will enlighten even those who think they know that country’s history. Three decades in the making, The Cambodian Wars tells a little known chapter in the Cold War in which non-communists pulled off a surprising victory. Featuring dozens of photos covering events from 1970 to the trial of Pol Pot in 1997, it is must reading for anyone interested in contemporary Southeast Asian history, CIA covert operations, and the Vietnam War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EV6EFF8E,2013-05-01,Kenneth Conboy,University Press of Kansas,,2024-01-31T09:53:37Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4152,Selling the CIA: Public Relations and the Culture of Secrecy,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700626427,"Dubbed the “Year of Intelligence,” 1975 was not a good year for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Caught spying on American citizens, the agency was under investigation, indicted in shocking headlines, its future covert operations at risk. Like so many others caught up in public scandal, the CIA turned to public relations. This book tells what happened next. In the mid-1970s CIA officials developed a public relations strategy to fend off the agency’s critics. In Selling the CIA David Shamus McCarthy describes a PR campaign that proceeded with remarkable continuity—and effectiveness—through the decades and regimes that followed. He deftly chronicles the agency’s efforts to project an image of openness and accountability, even as it did its best to put a positive spin on secrecy—“[m]ore openness with greater secrecy,” in the Orwellian words of one director of public affairs. A tale of machinations and manipulation worthy of Hollywood, McCarthy’s work exposes a culture of secrecy unwittingly sustained by the forces of popular culture; a public relations offensive working on all fronts to perpetuate the CIA’s mystique as the heroic guardian of national security. “Our failures are known, our successes are not” has been the guiding mantra of this initiative. Selling the CIA spotlights how the agency’s success in outmaneuvering Congress and avoiding public scrutiny stands as a direct threat to American democracy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/82NL6LJB,2018-06-01,David S. McCarthy,University Press of Kansas,,2024-01-31T09:51:42Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'NWAKWPT7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4153,"The Secret Anglo-French War in the Middle East: Intelligence and Decolonization, 1940-1948",Book,https://www.routledge.com/The-Secret-Anglo-French-War-in-the-Middle-East-Intelligence-and-Decolonization/Zamir/p/book/9781138237124,"The role of intelligence in colonialism and decolonization is a rapidly expanding field of study. The premise of The Secret Anglo-French War in the Middle East is that intelligence statecraft is the ""missing dimension"" in the established historiography of the Middle East during and after World War II. Arguing that intelligence, especially covert political action and clandestine diplomacy, played a key role in Britain's Middle East policy, this book examines new archival sources in order to demonstrate that despite World War II and the Cold War, the traditional rivalry between Britain and France in the Middle East continued unabated, assuming the form of a little-known secret war. This shadow war strongly influenced decolonization of the region as each Power sought to undermine the other; Britain exploited France's defeat to evict it from its mandated territories in Syria and Lebanon and incorporate them in its own sphere of influence; whilst France’s successful use of intelligence enabled it to undermine Britain's position in Palestine, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Shedding new light on the clandestine Franco-Zionist collaboration against Britain in the Middle East and the role of the British secret services in the 1948 Arab-Jewish war in Palestine, this book, which presents close to 400 secret Syrian and British documents obtained by the French intelligence, is essential reading for scholars with an interest in the political history of the region, inter-Arab and international relations, and intelligence studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RZKGJV5K,2016-11-11,Meir Zamir,Routledge,,2024-01-31T09:48:40Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4154,Fusing drug enforcement: a study of the El Paso Intelligence Center,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1100373,"This article examines the evolution of the El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC), a key intelligence component of the Drug Enforcement Administration, to shed light on fusion efforts in drug enforcement. Since 1974, EPIC has strived to fuse the resources and capabilities of multiple government agencies to counter drug trafficking and related threats along the Southwest US border. While undergoing a steady growth, the Center has confronted a host of challenges that illuminate the uses and limits of multi-agency endeavors in drug enforcement. An evaluative study of the Center shows that it is well aligned with the federal government priorities in the realm of drug enforcement; however the extent to which the Center’s activities support the government’s efforts in this domain is not so clear. The Center needs to improve the way it reviews its own performance to better adapt and serve its customers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V5VEQ99U,2016-09-18,Damien Van Puyvelde,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T09:39:11Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2015.1100373,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2209693845,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2209693845,2016.0,2024.0,2015.0,,1.0 4155,National security and surveillance: the public impact of the GCSB Amendment Bill and the Snowden revelations in New Zealand,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1095968,"In New Zealand, Edward Snowden’s revelations about the extraordinary scope of the National Security Agency’s surveillance capabilities and the facilitating role of the Five Eyes alliance converged with increasing public concerns about the Government Communications Security Bureau Amendment and Related Legislation Bill in 2013. This generated an intense and sustained debate in the country about surveillance policy. It was a debate in which Prime Minister John Key has featured prominently. While apparently unable to clearly refute Snowden’s claims concerning mass surveillance in New Zealand, Key’s vigorous public interventions helped counter the short-term political and diplomatic fallout. However, the long-term impact of public concerns over the surveillance policies of the Key government may be much harder to predict in what is an intimate democracy, and the prospect of substantial political blowback cannot be ruled out.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2FF7WZLS,2016-09-18,"Robert G. Patman, Laura Southgate",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T09:37:45Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/02684527.2015.1095968,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2125912184,12.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2125912184,2017.0,2023.0,2015.0,https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/37391/1/NZ_Snowden_Journal_Article_copy.pdf,2.0 4156,Governance costs and defence intelligence provision in the UK: a case-study in microeconomic theory,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1115239,"This paper focuses on how distinct organizations and functions interact in a symbiotic way to provide the governmental functions of security and intelligence, and the place of defence intelligence amongst them. Because the external environment in which security and intelligence provision must be managed is both uncertain and complex, the manner in which defence intelligence negotiates its role and priorities with other organizational entities is critical to overall levels of success. This paper uses a mix of primary and secondary sources, supported by qualitative interviews, to argue that the narrow focus of previous theoretical approaches has left them able to explain either good or poor cooperative working in the defence intelligence sphere, but not both. It contends that the more holistic theoretical paradigm offered by an adapted transactional costs model that captures the governance difficulties involved can better explain all possible outcomes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VBW6QWVQ,2016-09-18,James Thomson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T09:36:50Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2015.1115239,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2294471394,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2294471394,2021.0,2026.0,2015.0,,6.0 4157,"Ignorance, indifference, or incompetence: why are Russian covert actions so easily unmasked?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2300165,"Although plausible deniability is a definitional characteristic of covert actions, numerous Russian actions have been unveiled and attributed to Russia over the past decade. The reason for these frequent revelations can be explained by three factors: ignorance, indifference, and incompetence. Russian actions often display ignorance about the reactions they might elicit, indifference to global opinion if they are caught, and incompetence that allows foreign governments to unpeel the sometimes thin veneer of clandestinity that is supposed to cover Russian actions. Frequent revelations based on a combination of those factors have given Russia a reputation of aggressiveness in the international arena, while also limiting Russia’s own actions, even in overt areas such as diplomacy and economic relations, because of that reputation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8C6KMSVK,2024-01-30,Kevin P. Riehle,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-31T09:30:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2300165,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4392790405,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4392790405,2024.0,2026.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2300165?download=true,0.0 4158,"Eyes on the Enemy: U.S. Military Intelligence-gathering Tactics, Techniques and Equipment, 1939–45",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Eyes-on-the-Enemy-Hardback/p/48890,"On December 7, 1941, an imperial Japanese carrier strike force attacked the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, taking advantage of what was one of the most profound intelligence failures in US history. Galvanised into action, the branches of the U.S. military subsequently developed one of the greatest, albeit imperfect, intelligence-gathering and analysis networks of the combatant nations, opening an invaluable window onto the intentions of their enemies. The picture of U.S. military intelligence during World War II is a complex one. It was divided between the fields of signal intelligence (SIGINT) and human intelligence (HUMINT), combat intelligence and War Department intelligence, and between numerous different organisations, including the Military Intelligence Division (MID), Military Intelligence Service (MIS), the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI), the Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC), the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the many intelligence units organic to Army, Navy, Army Air Forces, and Marine Corps. The documents collected in this book reveal the theoretical and practical principles behind wartime intelligence gathering and analysis, from the frontline intelligence officer to the Washington-based code-breaker. They explain fundamentals such as how to observe and record enemy activity and intercept enemy radio traffic, through to specialist activities such as cryptanalysis, photo-reconnaissance, prisoner interrogation, and undercover agent operations. The painstaking work of an intelligence operator required a sharp, attentive mind, whether working behind a desk or under fire on the frontlines. The outputs from these men and women could ultimately make the difference between victory and defeat in battle.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3LQPRFYH,2023-11-15,Chris Mcnab,Pen and Sword,,2024-01-31T08:32:47Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4159,The West German secret services during the Cold War,Book chapter,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21733,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IEPG6ALJ,2013,Holger Afflerbach,Stanford University Press,,2024-01-31T00:06:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918-1989",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4160,Barbarossa and the Bomb: two cases of Soviet intelligence in World War II,Book chapter,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21733,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5PJMHX4T,2013,David Holloway,Stanford University Press,,2024-01-31T00:01:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,"Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918-1989",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4161,"The Stasi confronts Western stategies for transformation, 1966-1975",Book chapter,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21733,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ESNRK567,2013,Oliver Bange,Stanford University Press,,2024-01-31T00:05:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918-1989",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4162,British intelligence during the Cold War,Book chapter,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21733,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UINEDTWU,2013,Richard J. Aldrich,Stanford University Press,,2024-01-31T00:04:50Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,"Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918-1989",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4163,"Seeking a scapegoat: intelligence and grand strategy in France, 1919-1940",Book chapter,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21733,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GJN3M3R8,2013,Stephen A. Schuker,Stanford University Press,,2024-01-31T00:03:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D67KFVND', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,"Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918-1989",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4164,"""Humint"" by default and the problem of trust: Soviet intelligence, 1917-1941",Book chapter,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21733,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GFL4CIBM,2013,Jonathan Haslam,Stanford University Press,,2024-01-30T23:59:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,"Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918-1989",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4165,"French intelligence about the east, 1945-1968",Book chapter,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21733,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/346KZRXM,2013,Soutou Georges-Henri,Stanford University Press,,2024-01-31T00:02:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918-1989",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4166,"Secret Intelligence in the European States System, 1918-1989",Book,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21733,"The history of secret intelligence, like secret intelligence itself, is fraught with difficulties surrounding both the reliability and completeness of the sources, and the motivations behind their release—which can be the product of ongoing propaganda efforts as well as competition among agencies. Indeed, these difficulties lead to the Scylla and Charybdis of overestimating the importance of secret intelligence for foreign policy and statecraft and also underestimating its importance in these same areas—problems that generally beset the actual use of secret intelligence in modern states. But in recent decades, traditional perspectives have given ground and judgments have been revised in light of new evidence.This volume brings together a collection of essays avoiding the traditional pitfalls while carrying out the essential task of analyzing the recent evidence concerning the history of the European state system of the last century. The essays offer an array of insight across countries and across time. Together they highlight the critical importance of the prevailing domestic circumstances—technological, governmental, ideological, cultural, financial—in which intelligence operates. A keen interdisciplinary eye focused on these developments leaves us with a far more complete understanding of secret intelligence in Europe than we've had before.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HB4NEN5,2013,"Karina Urbach, Jonathan Haslam",Stanford University Press,,2024-01-30T23:58:19Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4167,The Threat Review and Prioritization trap: how the FBI’s new Threat Review and Prioritization process compounds the Bureau’s oldest problems,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1105496,"In the nearly 15 years since the events of 11 September 2001, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has undertaken a succession of efforts to become an agency capable of fulfilling the intelligence functions with which it has been entrusted. However, historically, the FBI’s experience with intelligence has been reactive due to a law enforcement culture that closed cases rather than identified ways to keep opportunities for collection open, as well as bureaucratic wariness due to the differing expectations from one Presidential administration to the next. The Threat Review and Prioritization (TRP) process is the most recent iteration of the Bureau’s attempt to organize as an intelligence service. However, TRP is informed not by a mission of developing intelligence that will help to disrupt emerging threats or exploit opportunities at both the strategic (policymaking) and tactical (arrests), but instead reactively focuses on the threats which have become fully manifest within the FBI’s own domain. TRP leaves the US at a disadvantage vis-à-vis state and non-state adversaries and competitors. Organizationally, it institutionalizes the shortcomings of reactivity and insularity that were the unfortunate characteristics of the pre-9/11 FBI.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L4NEE2JW,2016-07-28,Darren E. Tromblay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T23:55:27Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2015.1105496,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2294502630,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2294502630,2017.0,2026.0,2015.0,,2.0 4168,Waking up on another September 12th: implications for intelligence reform,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1088692,"After 9/11 the US Government tried to ‘fix’ intelligence by adopting the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA). Resources increased and, to varying degrees, performance improved – particularly in counterterrorism. This article, however, argues that the constellation of Intelligence Community authorities and organizations, either created or left in place by the IRTPA, coupled with the challenges of a complex security environment, leaves us ill-prepared to deal with the Country’s twenty-first century intelligence requirements. Should that critique prove accurate, and should future intelligence failure(s) be judged strategically and politically unacceptable, the second half of the article provides a framework for revising the IRTPA; the proposals substantially increase the authority of the head of the Intelligence Community, consolidate structures, and create centers of analytic critical mass necessary to meet the knowledge requirements for both regional and transnational security issues. Reflecting the Intelligence Community’s long standing tradition of questioning assumptions, the article is meant to foster reflection and debate about whether the Intelligence Community is postured to meet the needs of the Country, and if not, what needs to change.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLEC2K6N,2016-07-28,Russell E. Travers,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T23:55:02Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2015.1088692,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2296083416,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2296083416,2017.0,2025.0,2015.0,,2.0 4169,Time series applications to intelligence analysis: a case study of homicides in Mexico,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2015.1093292,"In the past decade, the data science revolution has been a boon to the discipline of quantitative methods, benefiting numerous industries and aspects of our society. Case studies exist to demonstra...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KX74JWBR,2016-7-28,Matthew D. Phillips,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T23:54:25Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4170,Hŭngnam revisited: the ‘secret’ nuclear history of a North Korean city,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1088690,"This article critically examines allegations that Hŭngnam, North Korea, served as a transwar site of nuclear weapons research conducted first by Imperial Japan during World War II, then by the Soviet Union in the postwar period, and subsequently by North Korea itself. Rumors of ‘nuclear research’ being conducted there likely derived from and were conflated with reports of secretive efforts by these parties to prospect for, to mine, and to dress uranium-bearing ores in the surrounding area. The article presents new information from recently declassified CIA records and current Russian research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8WRBGZ5E,2016-07-28,Walter E. Grunden,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T23:54:00Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2015.1088690,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2416882072,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2416882072,2017.0,2022.0,2015.0,,2.0 4171,"‘Every Hungarian of any value to intelligence’: Tibor Eckhardt, John Grombach, and the Pond",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1088691,"Tibor Eckhardt, a Hungarian émigré, was a key player in American intelligence operations regarding Hungary during World War II and the early Cold War. He worked closely with a secretive American intelligence organization headed by John Grombach, an American intelligence officer who was a vehement opponent of the CIA. Though Eckhardt and Grombach shared concerns about the CIA, they were also forced to cooperate with it. Eckhardt’s endeavors and those of the many Hungarians whose intelligence work he coordinated were ultimately futile. Hence, they were representative of the efforts of freedom-loving Hungarians to liberate their country during the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VRT4RV7N,2016-07-28,"Mark Stout, Katalin Kádár Lynn",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T23:52:33Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2015.1088691,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2329845079,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 4172,Two types of intelligence community accountability: turf wars and identity narratives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1077627,"Most academic writing on accountability in intelligence organizations presents a bureaucratic politics model which describes investigations and hearings as turf wars between competing organizations and interests. However, within public administration, a second model of organizational accountability exists. In this model, hearings and investigations are not wars over resources, but rather attempts to clarify the organization’s mission and identity. In analyzing transcripts from the 1975 Church Committee Hearings, we can find evidence that the investigation in fact included both types of accountability exercises. Hearings sought both to discipline wayward agencies and to help all parties understand the events which occurred and what these events meant for the identities of the agencies involved, within the context of a democratic society.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AXXKYFUD,2016-07-28,Mary Manjikian,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T23:52:11Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2015.1077627,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2252503953,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2252503953,2020.0,2025.0,2015.0,,5.0 4173,The Ethics of Intelligence: A new framework,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203383575/ethics-intelligence-ross-bellaby,"This book starts from the proposition that the field of intelligence lacks any systematic ethical review, and then develops a framework based on the notion of harm and the establishment of Just Intelligence Principles. As the professional practice of intelligence collection adapts to the changing environment of the twenty-first century, many academic experts and intelligence professionals have called for a coherent ethical framework that outlines exactly when, by what means and to what ends intelligence is justified. Recent controversies, including reports of abuse at Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib, allegations of extraordinary rendition programmes and the ever-increasing pervasiveness of the ‘surveillance state’, have all raised concerns regarding the role of intelligence in society. As a result, there is increased debate regarding the question of whether or not intelligence collection can be carried out ethically. The Ethics of Intelligence tackles this question by creating an ethical framework specifically designed for intelligence that is capable of outlining under what circumstances, if any, different intelligence collection activities are ethically permissible. The book examines three of the main collection disciplines in the field of intelligence studies: imagery intelligence, signals intelligence and human intelligence. By applying the ethical framework established at the beginning of the book to these three important intelligence collection disciplines, it is possible to better understand the ethical framework while also demonstrating its real-life applicability. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, ethics, war and conflict studies, security studies and IR.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XYT3HVZM,2014-06-10,Ross W. Bellaby,Routledge,,2024-01-30T19:02:10Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.4324/9780203383575,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4253065734,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4253065734,2015.0,2026.0,2014.0,,1.0 4174,"Stalin’s American Spy: Noel Field, Allen Dulles & the East European Show Trials",Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/stalins-american-spy/,"Stalin’s American Spy tells the remarkable story of Noel Field, a Soviet agent in the US State Department in the mid-1930s. Lured to Prague in May 1949, he was kidnapped and handed over to the Hungarian secret police. Tortured by them and interrogated too by their Soviet superiors, Field’s forced ‘confessions’ were manipulated by Stalin and his East European satraps to launch a devastating series of show-trials that led to the imprisonment and judicial murder of numerous Czechoslovak, German, Polish and Hungarian party members. Yet there were other events in his very strange career that could give rise to the suspicion that Field was an American spy who had infiltrated the Communist movement at the behest of Allen Dulles, the wartime OSS chief in Switzerland who later headed the CIA. Never tried, Field and his wife were imprisoned in Budapest until 1954, then granted political asylum in Hungary, where they lived out their sterile last years. This new biography takes a fresh look at Field’s relationship with Dulles, and his role in the Alger Hiss affair. It sheds fresh light upon Soviet espionage in the United States and Field’s relationship with Hede Massing, Ignace Reiss and Walter Krivitsky. It also reassesses how the increasingly anti-Semitic East European show-trials were staged and dissects the ‘lessons’ which Stalin sought to convey through them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UYJLHRXQ,2014-06-01,Tony Sharp,Hurst Publishers,,2024-01-30T18:59:35Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4175,"Recurring Tensions between Secrecy and Democracy: Arguments about the Security Service in the Dutch Parliament, 1975–1995",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1048991,"There is a recurring tension between secrecy and democracy. This article analyzes the continually ambiguous relations between intelligence and security agencies and their parliamentary principals. I present a novel conceptual framework to analyze political relations influenced by secrecy. I draw on Albert Hirschman's concepts of exit, voice and loyalty and Max Weber's ideal types of the ethics of conviction and responsibility. The focus is a case study of the Dutch parliament and Security Service between 1975 and 1995. The analysis demonstrates how parliament can deal constructively with the secret services. This depends both on party-political responses to secrecy and strategic responses on the part of the secret services to deteriorating relationships with parliament.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KRSB9WN3,2016-06-06,Eleni Braat,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:57:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2015.1048991,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2295891969,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2295891969,2017.0,2022.0,2015.0,https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/341994,2.0 4176,Spies and Policymakers: Intelligence in the Information Age,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1017931,"Massive changes and continuous developments in the uses and applications of technology and communications have changed the way we see the world. The Information Revolution has had an impact upon intelligence collection, processing, analysis, and dissemination, and upon the way policymakers can access reliable information, in a timely manner, and upon the sources they are most likely to rely on when a specific piece of information is needed to support a decision. This study attempts to describe, analyze and explain the nature of the ongoing Information Revolution, to present its main impacts on the intelligence and policy communities, to discuss the relationship between the Intelligence Community and policymakers, and to propose what the IC should do to meet the high expectations of decision-makers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UUSH492X,2016-06-06,Marcos Degaut,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:57:31Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/02684527.2015.1017931,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2022230759,29.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022230759,2015.0,2026.0,2015.0,https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/3339,0.0 4177,"The Lawn Road Flats: Spies, Writers and Artists",Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/lawn-road-flats/BE9D9E3BFEECA54DA577E98697B04251,"The Isokon building, Lawn Road Flats, in Belsize Park on Hampstead's lower slopes, is a remarkable building. The first modernist building in Britain to use reinforced concrete and architecture, its construction demanded new building techniques. But the building was as remarkable for those who took up residence there as for the application of revolutionary building techniques. There were 32 Flats in all, and they became a haunt of some of the most prominent Soviet agents working against Britain in the 1930s and 40s, among them Arnold Deutsch, the controller of the group of Cambridge spies who came to be known as the "Magnificent Five" after the Western movie The Magnificent Seven; the photographer Edith Tudor-Hart; and Melita Norwood, the longest-serving Soviet spy in British espionage history. However, it wasn't only spies who were attracted to the Lawn Road Flats, the Bauhaus exiles Walter Gropius, László Moholy-Nagy and Marcel Breuer; the pre-historian Gordon Vere Childe; and the poet (and Bletchley Park intelligence officer) Charles Brasch all made their way there. A number of British artists, sculptors and writers were also drawn to the Flats, among them the sculptor and painter Henry Moore; the novelist Nicholas Monsarrat; and the crime writer Agatha Christie, who wrote her only spy novel N or M? in the Flats. The Isokon building boasted its own restaurant and dining club, where many of the Flats' most famous residents rubbed shoulders with some of the most dangerous communist spies ever to operate in Britain. Agatha Christie often said that she invented her characters from what she observed going on around her. With the Kuczynskis - probably the most successful family of spies in the history of espionage - in residence, she would have had plenty of material. DAVID BURKE is a historian of intelligence and international relations and author of The Spy Who Came In From the Co-op: Melita Norwood and the Ending of Cold War Espionage (The Boydell Press, 2009).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4YXI58VF,2014,David Burke,Boydell & Brewer,,2023-03-20T19:35:33Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4178,"Britannia and the Bear: The Anglo-Russian Intelligence Wars, 1917-1929",Book,https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781783271535/britannia-and-the-bear/,"Decades before the Berlin Wall went up, a Cold War had already begun raging. But for Bolshevik Russia, Great Britain - not America - was the enemy. Now, for ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UN9QUB37,2014,Victor Madeira,Boydell & Brewer,,2022-03-03T16:13:14Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4179,"Naval Intelligence from Germany, 1906-1914: The Reports of the British Naval Attachés in Berlin, 1906-1914",Book,https://www.degruyter.com/document/isbn/9781315248295/html?lang=en,"Navy Records Society Publications, Vol 152",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PHSIF5DR,2007,Matthew S. Seligmann,Boydell & Brewer,,2023-12-26T22:42:44Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4180,The Spy Who Came In from the Co-op: Melita Norwood and the Ending of Cold War Espionage,Book,https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781843838876/the-spy-who-came-in-from-the-co-op/,"A story of wartime intelligence, super-power relations and spies and their handlers - seen through the experience of Melita Norwood.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WAQWV6EJ,March 2023,David Burke,Boydell & Brewer,,2023-03-20T19:28:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1017/9781846156755,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4323337932,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4323337932,2017.0,2021.0,2008.0,,9.0 4181,Smersh: Stalin’s Secret Weapon Soviet military counterintelligence in WWII,Book,https://www.bitebackpublishing.com/books/smersh,"SMERSH is the award-winning account of the top-secret counterintelligence organisation that dealt with Stalin’s enemies from within the shadowy recesses of Soviet government. As James Bond’s nemesis in Ian Fleming’s novels, SMERSH and its operatives were depicted in exotic duels with 007, rather than fostering the bleak oppression and terror they actually spread in the name of their dictator. Stalin drew a veil of secrecy over SMERSH’s operations in 1946, but that did not stop him using it to terrify Red Army dissenters in Leningrad and Moscow, or to abduct and execute suspected spooks – often without cause – across mainland Europe. Formed to mop up Nazi spy rings at the end of the Second World War, SMERSH gained its name from a combination of the Russian words for ‘Death to Spies’. Successive Communist governments suppressed traces of Stalin’s political hit squad; now Vadim Birstein lays bare the surgical brutality with which it exerted its influence as part of the paranoid regime, both within the Soviet Union and in the wider world. SMERSH was the most mysterious and secret of organisations – this definitive and magisterial history finally reveals truths that lay buried for nearly fifty years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MZ56HZKZ,2013-11-01,Vadim J. Birstein,Biteback Publishing,,2024-01-30T18:50:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4182,"Of Toothless Windbags, Blind Guardians and Blunt Swords: The Ongoing Controversy about the Reform of Intelligence Services Oversight in Germany",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1017246,"Due to the course of European history, German intelligence services are not exactly renowned abroad for epitomizing the rule of law. This article, however, tries to leave the chamber of horrors called memories behind and discusses the question of how intelligence services oversight functions in Germany today. This will mainly be discussed from the perspective of a legal scholar. The article will examine whether, and to what extent, the existing legal framework allows for efficient oversight of the intelligence services. Where oversight deficits can be identified, recent reform proposals related to them will be discussed critically. The article concludes, not all proposals for reform are suitable for solving the problems at hand.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A62EF3HB,2016-04-15,Jan-Hendrik Dietrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:48:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684527.2015.1017246,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070302796,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070302796,2017.0,2023.0,2015.0,,2.0 4183,Rethinking ‘Five Eyes’ Security Intelligence Collection Policies and Practice Post Snowden,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.998436,"The Edward Snowden leaks challenge policy makers and the public's understanding and perspectives on the role of security intelligence in liberal democratic states. This article explores the challenges confronting security intelligence collection by the ‘Five Eyes’ countries – particularly those most affected by the leaks. We argue that the debate now needs to move beyond simplistic notions of privacy vs. security to a more detailed understanding of the policy and ethical dilemmas confronting policy makers and intelligence agencies. To that end, we provide a schematic framework (methods, context and target) to promote a better understanding of the practical, policy and ethical problems for security intelligence collection emerging post Snowden. The framework is a first step in identifying common principles that could be used develop an ethically informed set of policy guidelines to help decision makers better navigate between citizen's two basic rights: security and privacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9U3JII8F,2016-04-15,"Patrick F. Walsh, Seumas Miller",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:46:31Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2014.998436,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2007494537,55.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2007494537,2015.0,2026.0,2015.0,,0.0 4184,"Spying on the World: The Declassified Documents of the Joint Intelligence Committee, 1936-2013",Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-spying-on-the-world.html,"Reproduces and contextualises the intelligence documents that influenced crucial UK Government decisions These 20 case studies reveal the declassified papers of the JIC, shining a light on the workings of Whitehall’s secret world and the vital, previously unknown, role played by intelligence in pivotal events across the 20th and 21st centuries. For more than half a century, the Joint Intelligence Committee or ‘JIC’ has been a central component of the British Government’s secret machinery. It represents the highest authority in the world of intelligence and acts as a broker between the spy and the policy-maker. From WWII to the War in Iraq, and from the Falklands to the IRA, it has been involved in almost every key foreign policy decision. Key Features 20 case studies explore the role of intelligence in foreign and defence policy, showing how the JIC influences the government's policy responses to particular situations Each study reproduces an original intelligence assessment or report together with a contextualising introduction and explanatory footnotes Essential reading for students and academics researching contemporary international history and government policymaking processes",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5MVLZSGJ,2014-05-01,"Richard J. Aldrich, Rory Cormac, Michael S. Goodman",Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-30T18:41:12Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4185,The Hidden Hand: A Brief History of the CIA,Book,https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/The+Hidden+Hand%3A+A+Brief+History+of+the+CIA-p-9781444351361,"THE HIDDEN HAND Since its inception in 1947, the Central Intelligence Agency has played an outsized role in the political life of the United States, whether by formulating and implementing policy or by fueling popular culture and imagination. The Hidden Hand is an accessible and up-to-date history of the agency that succinctly takes the reader from its early days of intelligence gathering and analysis to its more recent involvement in the execution of foreign policy through covert operations, psychological warfare, and other programs. In manageable chapters and easy-to-digest prose, the author — a respected scholar who has researched intelligence for more than 30 years and also served as a high-ranking officer in the intelligence community — covers all aspects of the CIA from its mission to its performance to its record. He draws on the latest evidence and research to assess the agency’s successes and failures over the last half century, highlighting key operations of the past and present. Throughout, his assessment is balanced and thorough with an eye on the complex and controversial nature of the subject. This is a masterful account that demythologizes the CIA’s role in America’s global affairs while addressing its integral place within American political and popular culture.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X7LN63HJ,2014-03-01,Richard H. Immerman,Wiley,,2024-01-30T18:43:22Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4186,"The Spy Catchers: The Official History of ASIO, 1949-1963",Book,https://atlantic-books.co.uk/book/the-spy-catchers/,"For the first time, ASIO has opened its archives to an independent historian. With unfettered access to the records, David Horner tells the real story of Australia’s domestic intelligence organisation, from shaky beginnings to the expulsion of Ivan Skripov in 1963. From the start, ASIO’s mission was to catch spies. In the late 1940s, the […]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SLJH5C7B,2015-05-07,David Horner,Atlantic Books,,2024-01-30T18:39:11Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4187,MI5 in the Great War,Book,https://www.bitebackpublishing.com/books/mi5-in-the-great-war,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KU8EP865,2014-07-31,Nigel West,Biteback Publishing,,2024-01-30T18:36:34Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4188,What Difference Did It Make?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315872834-9/difference-make-michael-herman?context=ubx&refId=fbba4f17-bcfc-47c2-b2d3-2d2a0c56df4a,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HIYAYBAA,2013-08-13,Michael Herman,Routledge,,2024-01-30T18:35:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315872834,Intelligence in the Cold War: What Difference did it Make?,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1556304932,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1556304932,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 4189,Estimating Soviet Power: The Creation of Britain's Defence Intelligence Staff 1960–65,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315872834-6/estimating-soviet-power-creation-britain-defence-intelligence-staff-1960%E2%80%9365-pete-davies?context=ubx&refId=5b51fe19-f0d5-40e4-86fc-a12dc2677c4f,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YKXDNWJG,2013-08-13,Pete Davies,Routledge,,2024-01-30T18:32:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315872834,Intelligence in the Cold War: What Difference did it Make?,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1556304932,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1556304932,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 4190,KGB Human Intelligence Operations in Israel 1948–73,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315872834/intelligence-cold-war-difference-make-michael-herman-gwilym-hughes,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TXEP6GPD,2013-08-13,Shlomo Shpiro,Routledge,,2024-01-30T18:34:37Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315872834,Intelligence in the Cold War: What Difference did it Make?,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1556304932,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1556304932,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 4191,Chekists Look Back on the Cold War: The Polemical Literature,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315872834-7/chekists-look-back-cold-war-polemical-literature-julie-fedor?context=ubx&refId=e1cb619e-ec8c-463b-a1e6-36c0708be23f,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/52R6JXG4,2013-08-13,Julie Fedor,Routledge,,2024-01-30T18:33:52Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315872834,Intelligence in the Cold War: What Difference did it Make?,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1556304932,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1556304932,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 4192,Intelligence as Threats and Reassurance,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315872834-5/intelligence-threats-reassurance-michael-herman?context=ubx&refId=1eb1709e-f4d3-41a2-9cc7-613a6c72892c,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LQ3X4P8F,2013-08-13,Michael Herman,Routledge,,2024-01-30T18:31:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315872834,Intelligence in the Cold War: What Difference did it Make?,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1556304932,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1556304932,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 4193,"Certainties, Doubts, and Imponderables: Levels of Analysis in the Military Balance",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315872834-4/certainties-doubts-imponderables-levels-analysis-military-balance-john-prados?context=ubx&refId=7a9b5755-d5aa-4266-a406-758174dcf060,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TVLQBSK9,2013-08-13,John Prados,Routledge,,2024-01-30T18:29:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315872834,Intelligence in the Cold War: What Difference did it Make?,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1556304932,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1556304932,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 4194,Intelligence and the Risk of Nuclear War: Able Archer-83 Revisited,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315872834-3/intelligence-risk-nuclear-war-able-archer-83-revisited-len-scott?context=ubx&refId=262c6755-68a6-47a8-9ddc-eb76145299d2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BZVJQJQ5,2013-08-13,Len Scott,Routledge,,2024-01-30T18:27:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315872834,Intelligence in the Cold War: What Difference did it Make?,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1556304932,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1556304932,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 4195,Intelligence in the Cold War: What Difference did it Make?,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315872834/intelligence-cold-war-difference-make-michael-herman-gwilym-hughes,"Intelligence was a major part of the Cold War, waged by both sides with an almost warlike intensity. Yet the question 'What difference did it all make?' remains unanswered. Did it help to contain the Cold War, or fuel it and keep it going? Did it make it hotter or colder? Did these large intelligence bureaucracies tell truth to power, or give their governments what they expected to hear? These questions have not previously been addressed systematically, and seven writers tackle them here on Cold War aspects that include intelligence as warning, threat assessment, assessing military balances, Third World activities, and providing reassurance. Their conclusions are as relevant to understanding what governments can expect from their big, secret organizations today as they are to those of historians analysing the Cold War motivations of East and West. This book is valuable not only for intelligence, international relations and Cold War specialists but also for all those concerned with intelligence's modern cost-effectiveness and accountability. This book was published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/54EG8LGJ,2013-08-13,"Michael Herman, Gwilym Hughes",Routledge,,2024-01-30T18:26:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315872834,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1556304932,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1556304932,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 4196,The Dilks collection at the University of Sheffield,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2015.1099257,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/59CPDTXR,2016-02-23,Bob Moore,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:25:08Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/02684527.2015.1099257,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2269576686,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 4197,"A Constructive Quality: The Press, The CIA, and Covert Intervention in the 1950s",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.989685,"This article examines the relationships between the CIA and the US domestic press during the 1950s through the lens of CIA covert interventions in Guatemala and Indonesia. It disputes interpretations of the press/CIA relationship that argue for significant control exercised by the CIA, and contends that there were several types of press/CIA relationship, ranging from cooperation to hostility. The most common relationship was one of friendly confluence, rooted in Cold War considerations; even well-disposed reporters, though, tended to be careful about preserving their independence. This article concludes that while the CIA/press relationships generally resulted in reporting favorable to the CIA, there were counter-trends in the 1950s that laid the groundwork for the later collapse of the CIA's public image.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GEJXHT2A,2016-02-23,David P. Hadley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:24:21Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/02684527.2014.989685,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2034122862,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034122862,2017.0,2024.0,2015.0,,2.0 4198,Orientalism and Intelligence Analysis: Deconstructing Anglo-American Notions of the ‘Arab’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.949077,"Despite revived notions of a ‘cultural divide’ between East and West, Edward's Said's ‘Orientalism’ has received little attention from scholars of intelligence and diplomacy. This article brings to light for the first time a number of recently declassified documents of a different nature to usual assessments produced by Anglo-American analytic bodies: those focussed primarily on the issue of ‘national character’. Using and critiquing Said's thesis of Western ‘Orientalism’ it reveals some critical and enduring conceptualizations articulated by the diplomatic and intelligence community about Arab culture such as the role of Islam, rhetoric, political motivation and notions of ‘honour’. Such a critical approach demonstrates how diplomatic and intelligence history can also be a history of culture, ideas and institutional mentalité.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YB552KCH,2016-02-23,Dina Rezk,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:24:05Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2014.949077,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973343687,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973343687,2016.0,2025.0,2014.0,,2.0 4199,From Anthropology to Human Geography: Human Terrain and the Evolution of Operational Sociocultural Understanding,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.945348,"Human terrain is a complicated term. It has been plagued with controversy in recent years stemming from US Army implementations in the Middle East. This paper reviews the history of human terrain in three forms: as a human behavioral concept, a conflict based application, and a multidisciplinary area of research. It investigates the history of the term and its evolution from anthropological foundations to human geography and geospatial intelligence. Recommendations are given and practices are suggested to gain knowledge and understanding of people that can assist in helping in hazardous situations and avoiding conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K7TYMCFU,2016-02-23,Richard M. Medina,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:22:57Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2014.945348,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992395459,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992395459,2015.0,2025.0,2014.0,,1.0 4200,Note on Teaching Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.989687,"Over the last decade, intelligence has become one of the most widely taught subjects in higher education. In response to this, a sub-discipline has emerged within Intelligence Studies devoted to thinking about how the subject is actually taught. One of the most common arguments to come out of this literature is that there should be more practitioner involvement in the university teaching of intelligence. However, it is rarely specified what exactly intelligence professionals bring to the classroom, save the largely self-evident point that because they have ‘walked the walk’, they are uniquely qualified to teach the subject. Drawing on student questionnaires, as well as interviews with serving and retired intelligence officers, this article attempts to probe a little deeper and identify the specific benefits of incorporating practitioners into the university teaching of intelligence. It is argued that practitioners ‘put a face on the profession’ and help to remove some of the mystique and misperceptions that surround intelligence work. It is claimed that practitioners, especially with their ‘inside stories’, give added meaning to academic theories and make the subject more exciting. Finally, it is argued that practitioners enrich the broader ‘student experience’. In UK higher education, now under a new fees regime, students are looking for departments to go the extra mile not only in terms of their teaching, but also in areas like careers advice and support. In this context, intelligence professionals are enormously valuable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3JEXQSBM,2016-01-02,Christopher Moran,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:22:22Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2014.989687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056181834,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056181834,2021.0,2025.0,2015.0,,6.0 4201,"Secrecy, Security and Digital Literacy in an Era of Meta-Data: Why the Canadian Westminster Model Falls Short",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.941250,"The purpose of this article is to undertake a critical assessment of the governance of Canada's national security apparatus and, more specifically, the growing digitization and data-driven dimensions of such an apparatus. Over the previous decade, since 9/11, the advent of electronic government (e-government) and its emphasis on horizontality and interoperability became intertwined with the security apparatus of the public sector: the recent Snowden affair in the US has once again brought such discussions to the forefront. It is within such a context that the rise of ‘big data’ (or meta-data) as an identifiable term denotes a confluence of forces and contradictory tensions between openness and secrecy for the public sector both operationally and democratically. We examine Canada's Westminster insularity in this regard, how Canadian reforms meant to augment oversight and review capacities of security agencies have been stunted in recent years, and why such stalled actions matter to the privacy and safety of Canadian citizens. Conversely, a case for more openness and governance innovation is put forth premised on two main and inter-related directions: more political oversight and public dialogue on the one hand, and a greater emphasis on privacy as a responsibility on the other hand. Together these directions emphasize a more activist and participative civil culture that is central to ensuring societal resilience in an increasingly virtual and complex security environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GWVU78EU,2016-01-02,Jeffrey Roy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:21:55Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2014.941250,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998694929,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998694929,2016.0,2026.0,2014.0,,2.0 4202,"Explaining the First Contested Senate Confirmation of a Director of Central Intelligence: John McCone, the Kennedy White House, the CIA and the Senate, 1962",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.928474,"This article explores the first nomination for Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) that was seriously contested in the US Senate. Unlike three previous DCIs who headed the Central Intelligence Agency, John A. McCone faced harsh criticism from some in the news media and 12 negative votes in the US Senate after he was nominated for the position by President John F. Kennedy. The article considers factors, including McCone's personal attributes and recent years' controversies about the CIA, as reasons that provoked some opposition to his confirmation as DCI.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6KLEMS7C,2016-01-02,David M. Barrett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:21:28Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2014.928474,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001118206,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 4203,"Addressing ‘This Woeful Imbalance’: Efforts to Improve Women's Representation at CIA, 1947–2014",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.913395,"From the wartime Office of Strategic Services to the contemporary Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), women have played a key role in US national intelligence. Yet, aside from episodic attention to the especially colorful lives of individual spies or analysts, few resources have been available to assess the broader status and service of these women. On 30 October 2013, the Central Intelligence Agency released the document collection From Typist to Trailblazer: The Evolving View of Women in the CIA's Workforce, a set of declassified files related to women's employment at the agency. This essay places these documents – which include personnel files, interagency memoranda, and internal CIA surveys and studies – into their broader institutional and social contexts, arguing that, despite the slow pace of change, CIA has made significant progress in addressing sex discrimination within its ranks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ED9I5UFV,2015-11-02,Brent Durbin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:18:17Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2014.913395,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2147512253,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2147512253,2019.0,2025.0,2014.0,,5.0 4204,The Munich Olympics Massacre and the Development of Counter-Terrorism in Australia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.882680,"Counter-terrorism is a product of government, identifying as its target a kind of violence defined as terrorism. This article explores a particular moment in its development, as an intersection of international, national and bureaucratic responses to the Munich Olympics massacre of 1972. Australian understandings of the development of counter-terrorism have been dominated by a number of themes – principally by the Hilton Bombing of 1978 and the subsequent acceleration of security restructuring during the Fraser years, by the collapse of the Cold War focus of the security and intelligence agencies at the end of the 1980s and then by the ‘war on terror’ following 9/11 and the Bali bombing. Counter-terrorist planning was however an emerging business of government in the 1970s, in Australia as in its alliance partner the United States. While the Hope Royal Commission into intelligence agencies (1974–7) has dominated attention in later accounts of the development of counter-terrorism, a 1972 Interdepartmental Committee on Terrorism and Violence in Australia anticipated many of its concerns. In this developing concern with terrorism, the role and interest of the domestic intelligence agency (ASIO) at this time was limited. This paper contextualizes the Munich massacre as one of the factors shaping a rethinking of security and policing strategies in the early 1970s, a moment in the emergence of a modern government of terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AFWQAXCL,2015-11-02,Mark Finnane,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:17:35Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2014.882680,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054213827,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054213827,2013.0,2022.0,2014.0,,-1.0 4205,"‘… the Defence of the Realm and Nothing Else’: Sir Findlater Stewart, Labour Ministers and the Security Service",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.900268,"In May 2013, a report on the British Security Service (MI5) by Sir Samuel Findlater Stewart was released by the Cabinet Office. Dated November 1945, the report on the future organization and activities of MI5 was significant in that it defined the Service's post-war remit, accountability and relations with the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), laying the groundwork of MI5's mandate until the introduction of the Security Service Act in 1989. The article also suggests that the report is significant, not just because it sheds important light on MI5's wartime and post-war role, but because it helps question existing assumptions about the relationship between the Security Service and the post-war Labour Government of Clement Attlee, often viewed as a troubled one.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WQXSLDTW,2015-11-02,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:17:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2014.900268,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2088825423,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2088825423,2016.0,2016.0,2014.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/31930/1/Lomas%2C_In_Defence_of_the_Realm.pdf,2.0 4206,The Eagle Comes Home to Roost: The Historical Origins of the CIA's Lethal Drone Program,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.895569,"The rapid escalation of the CIA's drone program under the Obama administration has attracted the close attention of the media and academic experts. While such attention has helped shine a light on the scale, effectiveness and legality of drone warfare, there has been little attempt to explain the origins of the program and place it within wider US counterterrorism practice. This article meets that need. Drawing upon executive orders, national security directives, documents from the CIA's archive, memoirs of key individuals and technical specifications of drones themselves, the article demonstrates how the current drone campaign has its origins in America's first clash with international terrorism, fought against state sponsors such as the late Colonel Gaddafi. As such, the article concludes that the Obama administration's approach, whilst unique in scale, actually marks a return to, rather than a departure from, counterterrorism methods developed in the decades preceding 9/11.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/37LKR4JF,2015-11-02,Christopher J. Fuller,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:16:53Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2014.895569,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2143725685,29.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2143725685,2016.0,2026.0,2014.0,,2.0 4207,The Spy Who Loved Castro,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/434546/the-spy-who-loved-castro-by-marita-lorenz/9781785034534,"Few can say they’ve seen some of the most significant moments of the twentieth century unravel before their eyes. Marita Lorenz is one of them. Born in Germany at the outbreak of WWII, Marita was incarcerated in a Nazi concentration camp as a child. In 1959, she travelled to Cuba where she met and fell in love with Fidel Castro. Yet upon fleeing to America, she was recruited by the CIA to assassinate the Fidel. Torn by love and loyalty, she failed to slip him the lethal pills. Her life would take many more twists and turns — including having a child with ex-dictator of Venezuela, Marcos Pérez Jiménez; testifying about the John G Kennedy assassination; and becoming a party girl for the New York Mafia, as well as a police informant. Caught up in Cold War intrigue, espionage and conspiracy — this is Marita’s incredible true story of a young girl, turned spy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3NBPXC4G,2017-03-02,Marita Lorenz,Penguin,,2024-01-30T18:08:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4208,"The Zhivago Affair: The Kremlin, the CIA, and the Battle over a Forbidden Book",Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/416570/the-zhivago-affair-by-peter-finn-and-petra-couvee/9780099581345,"The story of a forbidden book that became a symbol of freedom and rebellion in the battle between East and West. 1956. Boris Pasternak presses a manuscript into the hands of an Italian publishing scout with these words: ‘This is Doctor Zhivago. May it make its way around the world.’ Pasternak knew his novel would never be published in the Soviet Union as the authorities regarded it as seditious, so, instead, he allowed it to be published in translation all over the world - a highly dangerous act. 1958. The life of this extraordinary book enters the realms of the spy novel. The CIA, recognising that the Cold War was primarily an ideological battle, published Doctor Zhivago in Russian and smuggled it into the Soviet Union. It was immediately snapped up on the black market. Pasternak was later forced to renounce the Nobel Prize in Literature, igniting worldwide political scandal. With first access to previously classified CIA files, The Zhivago Affair gives an irresistible portrait of Pasternak, and takes us deep into the Cold War, back to a time when literature had the power to shake the world. A Spectator and Sunday Times Book of the Year",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QS4KU6QG,2015-07-02,"Peter Finn, Petra Couvee",Penguin,,2024-01-30T18:07:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4209,"Secret Cables of the Comintern, 1933-1943",Book,https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300198225/secret-cables-of-the-comintern-1933-1943,"Drawing on secret and therefore candid coded telegraphs exchanged between Communist Party leaders around the world and their overseers at the Communist International (Comintern) headquarters in Moscow, this book uncovers key aspects of the history of the Comintern and its significant role in the Stalinist ruling system during the years 1933 to 1943. New information on aspects of the People’s Front in France, civil wars in Spain and China, World War II, and the extent of the Comintern’s cooperation with Soviet intelligence is brought to light through these archival records, never examined before.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7S7HMP72,2014-05-27,"Fridrikh I. Firsov, Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes",Yale University Press,,2024-01-30T18:05:29Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4210,In Spies We Trust: The Story of Western Intelligence,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/in-spies-we-trust-9780198701903?cc=gb&lang=en&,"In Spies We Trust reveals the full story of the Anglo-American intelligence relationship - ranging from the deceits of World War I to the mendacities of 9/11 - for the first time.Why did we ever start trusting spies? It all started a hundred years ago. First we put our faith in them to help win wars, then we turned against the bloodshed and expense, and asked our spies instead to deliver peace and security. By the end of World War II, Britain and America were cooperating effectively to that end. At its peak in the 1940s and 1950s, the ""special intelligence relationship"" contributed to national and international security in what was an Anglo-American century.But from the 1960s this ""special relationship"" went into decline. Britain weakened, American attitudes changed, and the fall of the Soviet Union dissolved the fear that bound London and Washington together. A series of intelligence scandals along the way further eroded public confidence. Yet even in these years, the US offered its old intelligence partner a vital gift: congressional attempts to oversee the CIA in the 1970s encouraged subsequent moves towards more open government in Britain and beyond. So which way do we look now? And what are the alternatives to the British-American intelligence relationship that held sway in the West for so much of the twentieth century? Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones shows that there are a number - the most promising of which, astonishingly, remain largely unknown to the Anglophone world. , In Spies We Trust reveals the full story of the Anglo-American intelligence relationship - ranging from the deceits of World War I to the mendacities of 9/11 - for the first time.Why did we ever start trusting spies? It all started a hundred years ago. First we put our faith in them to help win wars, then we turned against the bloodshed and expense, and asked our spies instead to deliver peace and security. By the end of World War II, Britain and America were cooperating effectively to that end. At its peak in the 1940s and 1950s, the ""special intelligence relationship"" contributed to national and international security in what was an Anglo-American century.But from the 1960s this ""special relationship"" went into decline. Britain weakened, American attitudes changed, and the fall of the Soviet Union dissolved the fear that bound London and Washington together. A series of intelligence scandals along the way further eroded public confidence. Yet even in these years, the US offered its old intelligence partner a vital gift: congressional attempts to oversee the CIA in the 1970s encouraged subsequent moves towards more open government in Britain and beyond. So which way do we look now? And what are the alternatives to the British-American intelligence relationship that held sway in the West for so much of the twentieth century? Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones shows that there are a number - the most promising of which, astonishingly, remain largely unknown to the Anglophone world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8U8UIG97,2015-10-06,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-23T23:27:31Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4211,Analytic Outreach for Intelligence: Insights from a Workshop on Emerging Biotechnology Threats,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.887633,"This article describes a new effort to engage in analytic outreach between academic scholars and intelligence analysts on the issue of emerging biotechnology threats to US national security. The context of this outreach was a September 2012 meeting in London to explore possibilities for enhanced analytic outreach in relation to emerging biotechnology threats, supported by the UK Genomics Policy and Research Forum. This meeting consisted of a mix of current and former intelligence practitioners and policy officials, and social science and scientific experts, from both the UK and the US. As will be described below, this unique pairing of experts and subjects revealed new insights into how to improve intelligence assessments on biotechnology and bioweapons threats. It also revealed continuing challenges in reforming assessments within existing intelligence work routines.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/226SXGKY,2015-09-03,"Kathleen M. Vogel, Christine Knight",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T18:02:59Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2014.887633,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060896970,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060896970,2014.0,2024.0,2014.0,https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/504cd1b7-7408-4e67-baad-f68ccfc65e29,0.0 4212,Essence of assessment: methods and problems of intelligence analysis,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KIFHJRCD,2012,Wilhelm Agrell,"Center for Asymmetric Threat Studies (CATS), National Defence College",,2024-01-30T18:00:56Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4213,Intelligence and surprise attack: failure and success from Pearl Harbor to 9/11 and beyond,Book,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-and-Surprise-Attack,"Introduction: breaking the first law of intelligence failure -- Why does intelligence fail, and how can it succeed? -- Pearl Harbor: challenging the conventional wisdom -- The Battle of Midway: explaining intelligence success -- Testing the argument: classic cases of surprise attack -- The East Africa embassy bombings: disaster despite warning -- New York City: preventing a day of terror -- The 9/11 attacks: a new explanation -- Testing the argument: why do terrorist plots fail? -- Conclusion: preventing surprise attacks today -- Appendix: Unsuccessful plots and attacks against American targets, 1987-2012., Cover; Contents; List of Figures; Acknowledgments; Introduction: Breaking the First Law of Intelligence Failure; 1 Why Does Intelligence Fail, and How Can It Succeed?; PART I: THE PROBLEM OF CONVENTIONAL SURPRISE ATTACK; 2 Pearl Harbor: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom; 3 The Battle of Midway: Explaining Intelligence Success; 4 Testing the Argument: Classic Cases of Surprise Attack; PART II: THE PROBLEM OF TERRORIST SURPRISE ATTACK; 5 The East Africa Embassy Bombings: Disaster Despite Warning; 6 New York City: Preventing a Day of Terror; 7 The 9/11 Attacks: A New Explanation., 8 Testing the Argument: Why Do Terrorist Plots Fail?Conclusion: Preventing Surprise Attacks Today; Appendix: Unsuccessful Plots and Attacks against American Targets, 1987-2012; Notes; Bibliography; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; U; V; W; Y; Z., How can the United States avoid a future surprise attack on the scale of 9/11 or Pearl Harbor, in an era when such devastating attacks can come not only from nation states, but also from terrorist groups or cyber enemies? Intelligence and Surprise Attack examines why surprise attacks often succeed even though, in most cases, warnings had been available beforehand. Erik J. Dahl challenges the conventional wisdom about intelligence failure.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FIPJVS6D,2013,Erik J. Dahl,Georgetown University Press,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL', 'HCN8YFI8', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4214,Spies in the Continental Capital: Espionage Across Pennsylvania During the American Revolution,Book,https://www.westholmepublishing.com/book/spies-in-the-continental-capital-john-a-nagy/,"The Critical Role of British, French, and American Intelligence Operations in Colonial Pennsylvania It did not take long after the Seven Years’ War—the French and Indian War in North America—for France to return spies to America in order to determine the likelihood of regaining the territory they lost to Britain. One of the key places of French espionage was the colony of Pennsylvania since its frontier had been an important crossroads of French influence in North America. The French recognized then that there was a real possibility that the colonies would seek their independence from Britain. Against this backdrop, award-winning historian John A. Nagy begins his investigation of espionage in colonial Pennsylvania. Philadelphia played a key role in the history of spying during the American Revolution because it was the main location for the Continental Congress, was occupied by the British Command, and then returned to Continental control. Philadelphia became a center of spies for the British and Americans—as well as double agents. George Washington was a firm believer in reliable military intelligence; after evacuating New York City, he neglected to have a spy network in place: when the British took over Philadelphia, he did not make the same mistake, and Washington was able to keep abreast of British troop strengths and intentions. Likewise, the British used the large Loyalist community around Philadelphia to assess the abilities of their Continental foes, as well as the resolve of Congress. In addition to describing techniques used by spies and specific events, such as the Major Andr\u00e9 episode, Nagy has scoured rare primary source documents to provide new and compelling information about some of the most notable agents of the war, such as Lydia Darragh, a celebrated American spy. An important contribution to Revolutionary War history, Spies in the Continental Capital: Espionage Across Pennsylvania During the American Revolution demonstrates that intelligence operations on both sides emanating from Pennsylvania were vast, well-designed, and critical to understanding the course and outcome of the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IYMBJFBK,2021-07-01,John A. Nagy,Westholme,,2024-01-30T17:55:32Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4215,Inter-Allied Commando Intelligence and Security Training in Gwynedd: The Coates Memoir,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.989686,"John Gordon Coates was an intelligence instructor with 10 Commando, a force drawn from several European nations in the Second World War. His brief memoir together with supporting documents and oral histories throw light on the intelligence training of a unit whose memorialization has until now been patchy. 10 Commando's Troops (fighting units) were quartered in various Welsh villages according to nationality, for example the French in Criccieth, the Dutch in Porthmadog, and the relatively renowned Jewish group in Aberdyfi. They were dispatched in small numbers as specialist add-ons to military missions engaged in secret operations in occupied Europe, achieving success but a high casualty rate. In an embryonic way, 10 Commando could be regarded as an intelligence-orientated precursor to the idea of a European Union Rapid Reaction Force.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2JYNU93I,2015-07-04,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:54:13Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2014.989686,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020395373,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020395373,2019.0,2019.0,2015.0,,4.0 4216,Flirting with Fascism: The 1934 Report of General Renondeau,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.945349,"On 13 November 1934, the French military attaché to Berlin, General Renondeau, sent a dramatic report to the Head of the Army General Staff. This note compared the military ability of France to Germany. Renondeau violently attacked French conscripts, arguing teachers and the international had corrupted them. This article analyses this report, arguing that the internal political context of France was generally responsible for the alarmist tone. Domestic political turmoil led him to exaggerate the unreliability of French conscripts and underestimate the difficulties of the German army.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EXN84UT4,2015-07-04,"Simon Catros, Bernard Wilkin",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:53:22Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684527.2014.945349,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985782916,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985782916,2016.0,2016.0,2014.0,,2.0 4217,A Critical Assessment of Alleged Evidence of Western Submarine Intrusions in Swedish Territorial Waters,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.875384,"The submarine intrusions in Swedish territorial waters in the 1980s have received extensive attention. According to one theory, after the incident in 1981 when a Soviet submarine ran aground close to a Swedish naval base, Western submarines conducted subsequent intrusions as a psychological operation to affect Swedish foreign policy. In support of such claims, submarine observations and interviews with high-ranking Western officials have been put forth. However, the proposed evidence presented in Ola Tunander's article ‘Subs and PSYOPs’ in Intelligence and National Security can either be refuted or is inconclusive.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5TFUDB9P,2015-07-04,Ralf Lillbacka,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:53:12Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2013.875384,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992531585,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 4218,Intelligence and National Security Strategy: Reexamining Project Solarium,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.885203,"This article reexamines President Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1953 competitive review of Cold War strategy known as Project Solarium. It argues intelligence played a key role in this exercise and in the design of NSC 162/2, Eisenhower's ‘New Look’. Intelligence professionals were involved in all aspects of Project Solarium. Intelligence products provided a common baseline of analysis while stimulating debate. The process – a transparent system of structured deliberation among experts – encouraged a thorough consideration of intelligence and productive dissent. These findings underscore the need for a broader reexamination of the role of intelligence in the design of national security strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QI6HZHD8,2015-07-04,Michael J. Gallagher,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:52:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2014.885203,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994730838,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994730838,2021.0,2026.0,2014.0,,7.0 4219,"The Ludwig Martens–Maxim Litvinov Connection, 1919–1921",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.875383,"Research began when the author realized that Antony Sutton had misidentified the author of a key document published in his Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution (1974). This article reports on the interception by federal agents of the document (a letter) brought from the Copenhagen office of Soviet diplomat Maxim Litvinov and intended for Kenneth Durant who was employed by Ludwig Martens, Lenin's unrecognized representative in New York City. Analysis of the letter revealed the true author and opened a research channel for learning more about the backgrounds of three Soviet agents: Bornett Bobroff, Nora Hellgren, and Wilfred Humphries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/65PGUA2C,2015-07-04,Donald James Evans,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:52:20Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684527.2013.875383,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2127807124,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 4220,Reflections on Security at the 2012 Olympics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.882681,"Securing the 2012 Olympic Games was the biggest security operation in the UK for nearly 70 years. It demanded levels of resources unparalleled in peacetime and involved the British Government much more deeply in strategy, planning and assurance for a domestic security operation than is usual. The UK's counter-terrorist strategy, CONTEST, provided the basic framework for the approach to Olympic security but steps were needed to mitigate all risks to the Games security. It was an exceptional level of inter-agency coordination and cooperation, rather than any new techniques, that lay behind the success of the security posture.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LBRMBUFX,2015-07-04,Robert Raine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:51:59Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2014.882681,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053309919,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 4221,From Convergence to Deep Integration: Evaluating the Impact of EU Counter-Terrorism Strategies on Domestic Arenas,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.988450,"With the 2001 EU Action Plan and the 2005 EU Counterterrorism Strategy, the European Union has unfolded a roadmap for counter-terrorism measures and an itinerary of actions to be undertaken by the Member States. In some respects, the EU strategies, flanked by the Action Plans in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, as well as more concrete forms of cooperation such as the adoption of the EU Arrest Warrant, the Member States have been encouraged to use the same conceptual apparatus, to adopt the precautionary logic (pre-terrorism), and to adopt similar organizational models (multi-disciplinary cooperation) and tools (surveillance, public-private cooperation, etc.). This may have led to a level of convergence between the national counter-terrorism approaches, in line with what the Action Plan on Organized Crime in 1997 sought to achieve by demanding from Member States that they would adapt their national structures. The number of policy-impulses that has emanated from the EU Counterterrorism strategy and ensuing policy documents has been rather numerous. Moreover, this article seeks to take stock of whether all proposals have led to the full adoption and implementation of instruments. The article assesses whether the EU strategies have encouraged ‘deep integration’ between the Member States in terms of a common threat assessment, pooling resources, sharing intelligence, mutual legal assistance in anti-terrorist investigations, creating joint investigation teams and transferring suspects between Member States. The primary focus of this article will be on levels of legal convergence between six Member States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/STCL8EBE,2015-05-04,"Monica Den Boer, Irina Wiegand",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:51:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2014.988450,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968612475,22.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968612475,2015.0,2026.0,2015.0,,0.0 4222,"The European Parliament in the External Dimension of EU Counter-terrorism: More Actorness, Accountability and Oversight 10 Years on?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.988446,"The Lisbon Treaty, which entered into force in 2009, considerably reinforced the powers of the European Parliament. This article examines to what extent the European Parliament has become an important actor in EU counter-terrorism by focusing on the external dimension of this policy. It also analyses the impact that this potentially changing role has had on the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism. This article puts forward two inter-related claims. Firstly, the role of the European Parliament in the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism has significantly grown in recent years. Following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in December 2009, the European Parliament has become a fully-fledged actor in the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism. Secondly, the reinforcement of the role of the European Parliament has also led to a strengthening of both accountability and oversight in the external dimension of EU counter-terrorism, although there are still some limitations in that respect.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QG44RRCB,2015-05-04,"Christian Kaunert, Sarah Léonard, Alex MacKenzie",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:50:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2014.988446,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968878637,28.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968878637,2016.0,2024.0,2014.0,http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/40661/3/Kaunert%20Leonard%20MacKenzie%20INS%20final%20submission%20%281%29.pdf,2.0 4223,The EU as an International Counter-terrorism Actor: Progress and Constraints,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.988448,"During the first decade after the 9/11 attacks, the European Union (EU) has developed into an international counter-terrorism actor in its own right, a role increasingly accepted by third countries. This is a result of many influences, including a more favourable legal basis after the Amsterdam Treaty reforms; enhanced institutional capabilities, such as the growing importance of the Counter-Terrorism Coordinator; the use of a broad range of instruments, such as intelligence sharing; and the application of geopolitical priorities, guided by meetings at the United Nations and the Council of Europe (among other fora). At the same time, the EU's counter-terrorism role has remained subsidiary, both legally and politically, to that of its member states. Furthermore, a lack of its own operational capabilities, its institutional complexity, and its problems of cross-policy coordination continue to act as powerful constraints on the EU's counter-terrorism responsibilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XEJ4ZFGJ,2015-05-04,Jörg Monar,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:50:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2014.988448,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027877553,56.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027877553,2015.0,2026.0,2015.0,,0.0 4224,Border Controls as a Dimension of the European Union's Counter-Terrorism Policy: A Critical Assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.988447,"This article critically examines the use and effectiveness of border controls in the European Union (EU)'s counter-terrorism policy. It shows that the EU has made substantial progress towards achieving the objectives that it had set for itself in this policy area, but has not managed to fulfil all of them, and certainly not by the deadlines originally set. It further argues that, contrary to their usual depiction in EU official documents, these border control measures make a limited contribution to the actual fight against terrorism, whilst having some negative effects. From that viewpoint, the fact that the EU has failed to meet all of its objectives in the use of border controls for counter-terrorist purposes may paradoxically be seen as a positive outcome.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XGI2IT9C,2015-05-04,Sarah Le´onard,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:50:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2014.988447,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1967706833,20.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1967706833,2016.0,2025.0,2015.0,http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/40660/1/INS_SL_migration_controls_CT_final.doc,1.0 4225,EU Counter-radicalization Policies: A Comprehensive and Consistent Approach?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.988442,"The challenge of violent radicalization is an important part of (the Prevent pillar) of the 2005 EU Counter-terrorism Strategy and is specifically dealt with in the 2005 EU Strategy for Combating Radicalisation and Recruitment to Terrorism. This article assesses the EU counter-radicalization approach by comparing the above mentioned strategies and other policy documents to theoretical notions on radicalization and counter radicalization. It focuses on the comprehensiveness, implementation and consistency of the EU policies that aim to prevent individuals from turning to violence, while halting the emergence of the next generation of terrorists.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PT4CZMKP,2015-05-04,Edwin Bakker,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:49:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2014.988442,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995673311,40.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995673311,2015.0,2025.0,2015.0,,0.0 4226,The European Union Policies on the Protection of Infrastructure from Terrorist Attacks: A Critical Assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.800333,"This article aims to provide an assessment of the evolution and contribution since 2001 of the European Union infrastructure and transport protection policies to the European fight against terrorism. Using the avowed goals of the Protect strand of the 2005 EU Counter-terrorism Strategy as a yardstick, the intention here is to evaluate the extent to which reality matches the aspirations present in the European political discourse and in particular the overall aim of ‘strengthen[ing] the defences of key targets, by reducing their vulnerability to attacks, and also by reducing the resulting impact of an attack’. In this way, special attention is paid to the outcomes from a number of initiatives in the field such as the European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPCIP), the Critical Infrastructure Warning Information Network (CIWIN), the Action Plan for the Enhancement of the Security of Explosives, the directives and regulations on aviation and maritime security and others. Continuing the pattern set out by the other contributions in this issue, the objective is to assess the degree to which initiatives have led to practical results, the political and institutional factors that have facilitated the process of policy development and implementation, the obstacles that have stood in the way of the practical realization of the initial objectives and, finally, lessons learnt.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NFJDT682,2015-05-04,Javier Argomaniz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:49:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2013.800333,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981427707,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981427707,2014.0,2022.0,2013.0,,1.0 4227,Still Moving Toward a European FBI? Re-Examining the Politics of EU Police Cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.988449,"This article builds a model for explaining the development of supranationalism in EU police cooperation, especially concerning Europol. This framework is also helpful for understanding the role of police cooperation in EU counter-terrorism policy. The article begins with a critical analysis of the analytical framework first development in my 2003 book and refines this based key events since 2002, as well a few important scholarly perspectives. According to the new model, supranationalism is explained by ‘interest shapers,’ which include the ‘spillover-enlargement effect,’ crises and shocks, and concerns for national sovereignty, democracy, and pragmatism. The development of these interests and the resulting supranationalism are also affected by ‘institutional dynamics,’ including entrepreneurship, path dependency, and bureaucratic resistance. These factors help to explain recent events and predict future developments concerning EU police cooperation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UK5A4Z6Q,2015-05-04,John D. Occhipinti,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:49:02Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2014.988449,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975079076,35.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975079076,2016.0,2024.0,2015.0,,1.0 4228,A Decade of EU Counter-Terrorism and Intelligence: A Critical Assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.988445,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PW3L5LMD,2015-05-04,"Javier Argomaniz, Oldrich Bures, Christian Kaunert",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:48:29Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2014.988445,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982081421,57.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982081421,2015.0,2025.0,2014.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2014.988445?needAccess=true,1.0 4229,Endless Enemies: Inside FBI Counterterrorism,Book,https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/potomac-books/9781597973618,"FBI operative Raymond W. Holcomb’s assignments took him across America, the Middle East, Afghanistan, and Africa, and involved espionage, counter narcotics...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5M6PF49X,2011-06-01,Raymond W. Holcomb,Potomac Books,,2024-01-30T17:46:53Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4230,Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203762721/routledge-companion-intelligence-studies-michael-goodman-robert-dover-claudia-hillebrand,"The Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies provides a broad overview of the growing field of intelligence studies. The recent growth of interest in intelligence and security studies has led to an increased demand for popular depictions of intelligence and reference works to explain the architecture and underpinnings of intelligence activity. Divided into five comprehensive sections, this Companion provides a strong survey of the cutting-edge research in the field of intelligence studies: Part I: The evolution of intelligence studies; Part II: Abstract approaches to intelligence; Part III: Historical approaches to intelligence; Part IV: Systems of intelligence; Part V: Contemporary challenges. With a broad focus on the origins, practices and nature of intelligence, the book not only addresses classical issues, but also examines topics of recent interest in security studies. The overarching aim is to reveal the rich tapestry of intelligence studies in both a sophisticated and accessible way. This Companion will be essential reading for students of intelligence studies and strategic studies, and highly recommended for students of defence studies, foreign policy, Cold War studies, diplomacy and international relations in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N4VPZZDN,2013,"Robert Dover, Michael S. Goodman, Claudia Hillebrand",Routledge,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4231,"Isabelle Duyvesteyn (ed.), Intelligence and Strategic Culture",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.810946,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GGR3EGR5,2015-01-02,Roel van der Velde,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:43:03Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/02684527.2013.810946,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092109893,0.0,False,,,,2013.0,, 4232,"Propaganda, Internal Security and Alliance Politics: Greek Proposals to NATO in the 1950s",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.846729,"In a prolonged multidimensional conflict such as the Cold War, military threats were aggravated by the challenges of internal subversion and propaganda. These posed huge problems to the smaller NATO members, who lacked the resources to respond to Soviet bloc/communist tactics. This article focuses on two Greek proposals to NATO, in 1952 and 1958, which intended to address such issues. In the first instance, Athens contributed to the creation of the NATO Special Committee. In 1958, a Greek proposal on psychological warfare was brushed aside. The article tries to interpret Greek motives, the alliance's response and the reasons which led to the rejection of the latter proposal.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GQ5ZZUWP,2015-01-02,Evanthis Hatzivassiliou,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:42:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2013.846729,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974334219,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974334219,2017.0,2017.0,2013.0,,4.0 4233,"Handling and Mishandling Estimative Probability: Likelihood, Confidence, and the Search for Bin Laden",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.885202,"In a series of reports and meetings in Spring 2011, intelligence analysts and officials debated the chances that Osama bin Laden was living in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Estimates ranged from a low of 30 or 40 per cent to a high of 95 per cent. President Obama stated that he found this discussion confusing, even misleading. Motivated by that experience, and by broader debates about intelligence analysis, this article examines the conceptual foundations of expressing and interpreting estimative probability. It explains why a range of probabilities can always be condensed into a single point estimate that is clearer (but logically no different) than standard intelligence reporting, and why assessments of confidence are most useful when they indicate the extent to which estimative probabilities might shift in response to newly gathered information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FDLUUGA9,2015-01-02,"Jeffrey A. Friedman, Richard Zeckhauser",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:41:50Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2014.885202,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999375896,53.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999375896,2014.0,2026.0,2014.0,,0.0 4234,Increasing Canada's Foreign Intelligence Capability: Is it a Dead Issue?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.961243,"Despite the fact that the issue of whether Canada should develop a greater foreign intelligence capability has been broached numerous times, in various guises, over more than a century, those who have followed the development of the country's intelligence architecture will know it has never had a foreign intelligence service like its close allies. They will also be aware that on each occasion on which the issue has been raised, the Canadian government has declined to proceed. If history is any guide, there is a strong likelihood that the idea of Canada developing a more robust capability will again engage politicians, former intelligence officials, academics, the media, and think tanks in the not too distant future. The view adopted in this paper is that the public discourse has become sterile, and that if it is to advance, aspects of the counterfactual case – why has a foreign Humint capability not been developed? – may prove more fruitful.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R3XTKUGL,2015-01-02,"Stuart Farson, Nancy Teeple",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:41:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2014.961243,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003590744,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003590744,2016.0,2025.0,2014.0,,2.0 4235,"The Institution of Modern Cryptology in the Netherlands and in the Netherlands East Indies, 1914–1935",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.867223,"The need for Communications Intelligence in the Netherlands was first felt by the Dutch military as a consequence of the outbreak of the First World War. The decision to prolong, as in the Netherlands, or establish, as in the case of the East Indies, COMINT facilities belonged to the judicial domain and was primarily related to threats posed by revolutionary movements from within the country. The monitoring of traffic from foreign embassies or consulates happened only when interference from foreign governments was suspected. Japanese expansionism, leading to direct Japanese involvement in the political developments in the East Indies, provided such a case. As a consequence, the fine line between domestic and foreign affairs became thinner still until it entirely vanished during the later part of the 1930s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TBY587UZ,2015-01-02,Karl de Leeuw,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:40:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684527.2013.867223,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048554736,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048554736,2022.0,2022.0,2014.0,,8.0 4236,"A Conversation with James R. Clapper, Jr., The Director Of National Intelligence in the United States",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.972613,"In this previously unpublished interview, James R. Clapper, Jr., the current Director of National Intelligence (DNI) in the United States, discusses his experiences as spymaster leading an Intelligence Community widely viewed as organizationally decentralized and criticized in the past for failing to work together harmoniously. Director Clapper argues that the Community has become much more structurally integrated, and that the Office of the DNI (ODNI) provides an opportunity for leadership that is more effective than outside critics have acknowledged. I conducted this interview in August 2014 at his office near Tyson's Corner in North Arlington, Virginia. It was a time of rising unrest in the world, with elite Russian troops carrying out forays across the border into Ukraine, a Middle East terrorist faction known as ISIS gathering momentum in a march from Syria toward Baghdad, and with recurring violence that continued to plague the relationship between the Hamas faction in Palestine and the state of Israel.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2HFPTHSX,2015-01-02,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:40:20Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2014.972613,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092447138,14.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092447138,2015.0,2025.0,2014.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2014.972613?needAccess=true,1.0 4237,"The Way of the Knife: The CIA, a secret army, and a war at the ends of the earth",Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/311164/the-way-of-the-knife-by-mark-mazzetti/,"“The new American way of war is here, but the debate about it has only just begun. In The Way of the Knife, Mr Mazzetti has made a valuable contribution to it.” —The Economist A...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CIUUHT2Q,2014-03-25,Mark Mazzetti,Penguin,,2024-01-30T17:38:25Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4238,Cold War Insecurities and the Curious Case of John Strachey,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.858518,"When Socialist intellectual John Strachey was appointed as Secretary of State for War in 1950, his pre-war record as a Marxist writer with close connections to the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) became a matter of public debate. A bitter campaign was run against him in the Beaverbrook press, and some members of the US defense and nuclear establishment pressed for an embargo on sensitive information being passed to the UK War Office. American suspicion of the political reliability of the Labour government was heightened by the appointment, but this does not explain how and why some Americans were so hostile to Strachey. The FBI's dossier on his pre-war activities, circulated amongst his American critics, documented Strachey's supposed secret membership of the CPGB's Central Committee. MI5 and Special Branch files show that this supposition was based on faulty intelligence. The readiness of American anti-Soviet protagonists to lend credence to such suspicions contrasts with the relaxed view of Strachey's past that was taken in Whitehall. Both positions were characteristic of their time, and of this stage in the Anglo-American alliance. This paper explores the ways in which American insecurities and a British climate of tolerance towards fellow travellers shaped the way that episode played out.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XCA6NDB8,2014-11-02,Ken Young,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:36:51Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2013.858518,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991322772,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991322772,2016.0,2023.0,2013.0,,3.0 4239,Harry Hopkins and Soviet Espionage,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2014.913403,"Venona was the name of a highly successful Anglo-American project to decipher a set of coded Soviet international cables, largely exchanges between Soviet intelligence stations in New York, Washing...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KS5TU38C,2014-11-2,"Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:36:21Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4240,The Intelligence War on Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.851876,"What is the role of intelligence for counterterrorism? Most studies of counterterrorism ignore the vital role of intelligence, focus only on its most controversial aspects, or fail to recognize how counterterrorism intelligence differs from traditional intelligence issues. This article argues that many of the common criticisms of the CIA and other agencies misunderstand counterterrorism intelligence and what is realistic for gaining information on terrorist groups. In particular, the important role of signals intelligence, liaison relationships, document exploitation, and interrogation are overlooked. In addition, intelligence analysis and the relationship with the policymaker differ fundamentally for counterterrorism. This article emphasizes the need to recognize these differences when evaluating counterterrorism and calls for being cautious with intelligence reform. In addition, it argues for changing US detention policy and making the public more aware of the inevitable gaps related to counterterrorism intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U5K2DK5X,2014-11-02,Daniel Byman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2013.851876,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003083652,30.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003083652,2014.0,2026.0,2013.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2013.851876?needAccess=true,1.0 4241,"Problems in the Intelligence-Policy Nexus: Rethinking Korea, Tet, and Afghanistan",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.851875,"Accusations of failure by elements of the US intelligence community (IC) have followed in the wake of nearly every war and terrorist bombing since Japan's successful strike on Pearl Harbor in 1941. This article will illustrate how some problems that exist inside the ‘intelligence-policy nexus’ are beyond the control of the IC. By investigating the dynamics and tensions that exist between producers of intelligence (the IC) and the consumers of those products (policy-makers), we review three different types of alleged failure. First, by revisiting the Chinese intervention in Korea, we show that a rarely listed case in the literature is in fact a classic example of producer-based failure generated from within the IC. However, in our study of the Tet Offensive during the Vietnam War (1968), we show that the alleged intelligence failure by producers should be more accurately described as a ‘failure of intelligence’ by consumers. Third, by revisiting the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979), we conclude that there existed neither a producer nor a consumer failure. The Carter Administration made a conscious policy choice to act surprised (when it was not).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RRTLSIJG,2014-11-02,"Douglas A. Borer, Stephen Twing, Randy P. Burkett",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:35:12Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2013.851875,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077242885,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077242885,2019.0,2024.0,2013.0,,6.0 4242,"Empire of Secrets: British Intelligence, the Cold War and the Twilight of Empire",Book,https://harpercollins.co.uk/products/empire-of-secrets-british-intelligence-the-cold-war-and-the-twilight-of-empire-calder-walton?variant=40035018571854,The winner of the 2013 Longman-History Today Book Prize is the gripping and largely untold story of the role of the intelligence services in Britain's retreat f,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IYRMMF7W,2014-01-30,Calder Walton,Harper Collins Publishers,,2024-01-30T17:32:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4243,"The last ambassador: August Torma, soldier, diplomat, spy",Book,https://brill.com/display/title/27870,"Estonian ambassador August Torma had a protracted and unconventional relationship with the British Foreign Office. Appointed to the Court of St James’s in 1934, Torma lost his government in 1940 when the Soviet Union overran his country, but continued to live at the legation in London and visit the Foreign Office. Gradually, however, his diplomatic standing was eroded because of Soviet demands. For Torma there was the very real fear that Britain might recognise the Soviet occupation of his homeland and he continued to reiterate his faith in international law in the hope that Estonia’s stolen independence would be restored one day. He died in 1971, twenty years before the country regained its lost freedom. This book is a biography of Torma who had a remarkable life: he assisted in the creation of the Estonian state in 1918–20, worked for it during the inter-war period and struggled to keep its cause alive during and after the Second World War; it is also a study of the awkward relationship between the ambassador and the Foreign Office that lasted for more than three decades.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XK8INETF,2011-01-01,Tina Tamman,Brill,,2024-01-30T17:30:46Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4244,"Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Iraq, 9/11, and Misguided Reform",Book,,"A career of nearly three decades with the CIA and the National Intelligence Council showed Paul R. Pillar that intelligence reforms, especially measures enacted since 9/11, can be deeply misguided. They often miss the sources that underwrite failed policy and misperceive our ability to read outside influences. They also misconceive the intelligence-policy relationship and promote changes that weaken intelligence-gathering operations.In this book, Pillar confronts the intelligence myths Americans have come to rely on to explain national tragedies, including the belief that intelligence drives major national security decisions and can be fixed to avoid future failures. Pillar believes these assumptions waste critical resources and create harmful policies, diverting attention away from smarter reform, and they keep Americans from recognizing the limits of obtainable knowledge.Pillar revisits U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War and highlights the small role intelligence played in those decisions, and he demonstrates the negligible effect that America's most notorious intelligence failures had on U.S. policy and interests. He then reviews in detail the events of 9/11 and the 2003 invasion of Iraq, condemning the 9/11 commission and the George W. Bush administration for their portrayals of the role of intelligence. Pillar offers an original approach to better informing U.S. policy, which involves insulating intelligence management from politicization and reducing the politically appointed layer in the executive branch to combat slanted perceptions of foreign threats. Pillar concludes with principles for adapting foreign policy to inevitable uncertainties.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L8DJXANY,2011-09-01,Paul R. Pillar,Columbia University Press,,2024-01-30T17:29:44Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4245,Tapping the Telephones of Members of Parliament: The ‘Wilson Doctrine’ and Parliamentary Privilege,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.777606,"In 1966, in what has become known as the Wilson Doctrine, the Prime Minister, Harold Wilson, informed Parliament that he had issued an instruction that the telephones of parliamentarians were not to be intercepted by the intelligence and security agencies. Subsequent Prime Ministers have all expressed their continued commitment to the Wilson Doctrine. This article examines the nature and limitations of the Wilson Doctrine, and its continued application in the context of recent legislative changes and a number of prominent recent cases. It focuses on apparent changes to the scope and attempts to set aside the Wilson Doctrine under the Blair government and the implications of the interception of the communications of Sinn Fein Members of Parliament, and the bugging of meetings involving the Labour MP Sadiq Khan.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6VU4BZVS,2014-09-03,"Andrew Defty, Hugh Bochel, Jane Kirkpatrick",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:28:04Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2013.777606,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2028462130,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028462130,2017.0,2024.0,2013.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Tapping_the_telephones_of_Members_of_Parliament_the_Wilson_Doctrine_and_parliamentary_privilege/24411328,4.0 4246,"Probing Uncertainty, Complexity, and Human Agency in Intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.834218,"Geopolitical dynamics associated with nuclear proliferation, the Arab Spring, the rapid rise of Chinese power, an oil-fueled Russian resurgence, and the post-Afghan and Iraq eras will demand significant changes in intelligence focus, processes, and resources. Nearly a decade after intelligence failures required a restructuring of the Intelligence Community with mandates for a scientific approach to intelligence analysis, current efforts continue to focus on overly deterministic individual analyst methods. We argue for a process-oriented approach to analysis resembling the collaborative scientific process successful in other professions that is built on shared theory and models. After demonstrating that events in the real world are path dependent and contingent on deterministic and random elements, we highlight the role of uncertainty in intelligence analysis with specific emphasis on intelligence failures. We then describe how human agency in an interconnected and interdependent system leads to a landscape of dancing strategies as agents dynamically modify their responses to events. Unfortunately, the consequences of the present deterministic intelligence mindset are significant time delays in adjusting to emerging adversaries leading to an increased susceptibility to intelligence failures. In contrast with the existing analyst-centric methods, we propose a risk management approach enhanced by outside collaboration on theory and models that embrace lessons from the twentieth-century science of uncertainty, human agency, and complexity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S3EMDSLS,2014-09-03,"Daniel Javorsek II, John G. Schwitz",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:27:33Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2013.834218,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084687171,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084687171,2017.0,2024.0,2013.0,,4.0 4247,Balancing Democratic Civilian Control with Effectiveness of Intelligence in Romania: Lessons Learned and Best/Worst Practices Before and After NATO and EU Integration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.915180,"This article reviews Romania's intelligence reform after 1989. Specifically, it looks at intelligence reform before and after Romania's accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004, and the European Union (EU) in 2007. It finds that Romania has made considerable progress in intelligence reform. That is because Romania, which expressed its desire and commitment to join NATO/EU after 1989, has worked hard to comply with these organizations’ membership demands (including intelligence reform). After NATO/EU integration (when demands on balancing control and effectiveness virtually vanished), despite continued openness efforts made by agencies, control/oversight diluted. Thus, post-NATO/EU, while effectiveness is being strengthened, democratic control lessens.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RQ3SEPCH,2014-07-04,Florina Cristiana (Cris) Matei,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:27:06Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2014.915180,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1966568443,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1966568443,2019.0,2025.0,2014.0,,5.0 4248,Democratic Oversight in Fragile States: The Case of Intelligence Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.915179,"In most transition countries the main aim of ‘democratizing intelligence’ is to weaken the authoritarian governmental structures by introducing more transparency, legality and oversight. In Bosnia and Herzegovina however, the state-building efforts driven by international parties combined formal democratization processes such as independent oversight with the strengthening and operational capacity building of previously weak-to-non-existent intelligence structures. In parallel with the descent into war when Yugoslavia collapsed in the early 1990s, the State Security Service (SDB) in the Republic of Bosnia had split into three ethnically-based outfits answering to the political and military leaders of war. ‘Democratization’ of intelligence in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the establishment of a unified, state-level Intelligence and Security Agency (OSA) in 2004 has followed its own unique path reflecting the fragmented nature of politics in Bosnia and the leading role of international organizations in proposing and effectuating institutional reforms. Nevertheless, in terms of habits, operational methods and values many Bosnian intelligence officers went through similar adaptations and transitions as their colleagues in countries where institutions at the time of democratic transition were too strong and authoritarian rather than, as in the case of Bosnia, being deemed too weak and ineffectual.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IJEGHH2R,2014-07-04,Helge Lurås,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:23:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684527.2014.915179,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037077446,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037077446,2019.0,2022.0,2014.0,,5.0 4249,Comparing the Democratization of Intelligence Governance in East Central Europe and the Balkans,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.915175,"This article discusses the reform of intelligence governance in two sub-regional groupings of former communist states: East Central Europe and the Balkans. These two sub-regions are delineated according to the pace and nature of transformations that they have undergone since the collapse of communist rule and their relations with respect to the European Union, the key political and economic organization in Europe. A number of lessons are drawn from comparing experiences in the two sub-regions relating to democratic reform of the security apparatus, and in particular the intelligence sector. Significant factors in the consolidation of democratic governance of intelligence include the nature of precursor communist-era regimes and the legacies they created, whether armed conflict has occurred during the transition, the extent and character of external (especially EU) assistance, and the strength of media and civil society. These factors appear to have influenced how transitional regimes have sought to introduce institutional reforms to constrain the powers of those services and their susceptibility to arbitrary use. They also have influenced measures taken to redress abuses by intelligence services under the preceding communist regime and the legitimation of the post-authoritarian state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C9EIH58M,2014-07-04,Marina Caparini,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:22:32Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2014.915175,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1984826020,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984826020,2017.0,2025.0,2014.0,,3.0 4250,Comparing the Democratization of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.915174,"This introductory article discusses some of the main themes that are contained within this collection originally delivered as papers to two conferences. There is brief consideration of some issues of method and major themes relating to the legacy of authoritarian regimes, the process of change and the current state of ‘democracy’ are identified. Continuing controversies and uncertainties around intelligence have important implications for democratic governance in many countries which must encourage more comparative work in this key area of intelligence studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F3ZNVKKG,2014-07-04,"Michael M. Andregg, Peter Gill",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:22:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2014.915174,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019826672,15.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019826672,2016.0,2024.0,2014.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2014.915174?needAccess=true,2.0 4251,Wilful Blindness or Blissful Ignorance? The United States and the Successful Denuclearization of Iraq,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.895596,"This article examines the successful denuclearization of Iraq by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the early 1990s and the apparent failure of the US Intelligence Community (IC) to rethink its assessments of Saddam's desire for nuclear weapons despite Baghdad's co-operation with the IAEA inspectors, and clear evidence from the Ongoing Monitoring and Verification team that this was a highly successful process. US policy towards Iraq, from the Clinton administration onwards, was hyper-politicized; it relied on a default, unchanging view of Saddam Hussein as a rogue leader bent on WMD acquisition and regional domination in an area that was of vital importance to the United States. The article also considers the impact of the fractious UNSCOM inspections process and argues that this was severely compromised by political intrusion, which was also ignored by the US IC in its assessments of Saddam's intentions. Ultimately, US intelligence on Iraq was filtered for a decade through a hyper-politicized lens that tended to discount evidence from the IAEA that disproved pre-existing assumptions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XA38RHN4,2014-05-04,Maria Ryan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:21:31Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2014.895596,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046857698,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046857698,2021.0,2024.0,2014.0,http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/36101/,7.0 4252,"Proliferation, Intelligence and the Case for Normalizing a Technical Accountability Obligation in Arms Control",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.895595,"This article argues the importance of technical accountability (national government responsibility for plausible technical explanation of past design, acquisition or production decisions, engaging fully with focused international expert questioning) for the reliable verification of disarmament and arms control, traces its absence and underappreciated significance during the Iraq Compliance Crisis, makes the case for the systematic international cultivation and strengthening of a strong general Technical Accountability Obligation (TAO) in future treaty interpretation and enforcement, considers political objections and proposes modalities to overcome them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XJSFDHJL,2014-05-04,Paul Schulte,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:21:14Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2014.895595,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023420223,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 4253,Intelligence and Nuclear Non-Proliferation Programs: The Achilles Heel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.895594,"Intelligence is a critical component for all counter-proliferation activities. It allows us to assess and determine what makes up the current threat environment in terms of the proliferation of nuclear weapons and technology. When informed with an accurate assessment of the situation, policy-makers are better suited to counter the proliferation threat. However, success and failure hinge upon how well information is managed during the intelligence process. The intelligence process as it relates to estimating nuclear capabilities or intentions is wrought with many challenges and complications. The denial and deception techniques employed by states running covert weapons programs and the dual-use nature of many weapons components create many difficulties for intelligence organizations. Additionally, illicit transnational networks obscure the situation further by serving as a source, for both nation states and non-state actors, for acquiring dual-use commodities and technologies. These challenges can lead to the miscalculation of a state's capabilities or intentions, as witnessed with the case of Iraq in 2003 when western intelligence services grossly overestimated the capabilities of Saddam's regime. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three cases of nuclear proliferation: India's 1998 nuclear tests, the exposure of the A. Q. Khan network and Iran's nuclear program. Drawing from the analysis, the authors examine the lessons learned and propose recommendations for future counter proliferation policy and strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SJG3ICJD,2014-05-04,"Kristen A. Lau, Kevin C. Desouza",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:21:00Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2014.895594,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972805843,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972805843,2021.0,2022.0,2014.0,,7.0 4254,Misestimation: Explaining US Failures to Predict Nuclear Weapons Programs†,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.895593,"Various policy options have been proposed for slowing or halting the spread of nuclear weapons, yet all rely on sound intelligence about the progress of nuclear aspirants. Historically, the United States' record of estimating foreign weapons programs has been uneven, overestimating the progress made by some proliferators while underestimating others. This paper seeks to catalogue and evaluate the intelligence work surrounding 16 of the 25 states that are thought to have pursued nuclear weapons and to provide a framework for evaluating the causes of distorted intelligence estimates of nuclear proliferation. In particular, we identify 12 specific hypotheses related to politics, culture, bureaucracy and organizational culture, then explore how they play out in practice through two case studies (North Korea and Israel). We find that the US has overestimated nuclear programs much more frequently than it has underestimated or correctly estimated them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HPWTVBYH,2014-05-04,"Alexander H. Montgomery, Adam Mount",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:20:41Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2014.895593,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2126486542,32.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2126486542,2014.0,2024.0,2014.0,,0.0 4255,International Verification and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.895592,"Both national intelligence agencies (NIAs) and international verification organizations (IVOs) attempt to assess compliance with arms control treaties. Their strengths and weaknesses are complementary. Because IVOs are seen as legitimate, they are able to conduct on-site inspections to verify declared activities and to confirm or disprove allegations of clandestine cheating. NIAs are more flexible and have a greater ability to uncover preliminary evidence of clandestine activities on which further investigations can be based. Such investigations require NIAs to share intelligence with IVOs. While this kind of intelligence sharing is generally permitted by arms control agreements, it is controversial. Nonetheless, it appears to have become more common in recent years, particularly during the International Atomic Energy Agency's investigation of Iran's nuclear program. While intelligence sharing creates risks for both IVOs and NIAs, it is ultimately critical to the effective verification of arms control agreements and steps can and should be taken to ensure it becomes more common and less controversial.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9KQZBDW2,2014-05-04,James M. Acton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:20:14Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2014.895592,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017586451,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017586451,2017.0,2020.0,2014.0,,3.0 4256,The IAEA and the International Politics of Nuclear Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.895591,"This article explores whether the IAEA intelligence apparatus is being stymied by divisions between IAEA member states over how to respond to cases of non-compliance. The first part of the paper charts the key developments in the Department of Safeguards since the early 1990s – all of them authorized by the Board of Governors – that have increased the Secretariat's technical ability and legal authority to acquire and analyze evidence of illicit nuclear activities. The second part of the paper explores some of the political difficulties associated with implementing this expanded mandate and using it to hold states to account, drawing primarily on the IAEA Syria file. This case study indicates that however technically proficient and proactive IAEA monitoring becomes, reliable intelligence will not necessarily improve the global nuclear governance unless member states accept IAEA intrusiveness and develop a common understanding of proliferation threats and the need to deal with them decisively.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S7VEWSUA,2014-05-04,Tanya Ogilvie-White,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:19:54Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2014.895591,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033401318,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033401318,2015.0,2024.0,2014.0,,1.0 4257,Intelligence and Nuclear Proliferation: An Introduction to the Special Issue,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.895590,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/79IZA8BL,2014-05-04,"Wyn Q. Bowen, Robert Dover, Michael S. Goodman",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T17:18:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2014.895590,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051021744,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051021744,2018.0,2018.0,2014.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2014.895590?needAccess=true,4.0 4258,UK to step up 'five eyes' cooperation with allies against Iran threat,Newspaper article,https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/uk-iran-us-attack-2878577,Rishi Sunak has warned Tehran to stop its proxies from carrying out attacks on Western-linked targets,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ESFJ75JF,2024-01-29,"Hugo Gye, Jane Merrick",,inews.co.uk,2024-01-30T17:16:46Z,['AKVWM8BZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4259,Suzanne Raine - Is there a terrorist calm before the next terrorist storm?,Podcast,https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/canadian/suzanne-raine-is-there-a-wtG6Z4vM9LH/,"00:30:51 - EPISODE 99 - In recent years some have said that Islamist terrorism is a thing of the past. AQ, ISIS and others are not as dangerous as they once w…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MGHI6B9V,2021-06-23,Suzanne Raine,,,2021-10-27T12:54:15Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4260,The Cold War: everything you wanted to know,Podcast,https://www.historyextra.com/period/cold-war/cold-war-everything-you-wanted-know-michael-goodman-podcast/,Michael Goodman responds to your questions on the decades of geopolitical tension that shaped relations between east and west in the second half of the 20th century,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8CG7YUD3,2021-03-07,Michael S. Goodman,,,2021-10-27T12:54:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4261,Intelligence and the Review: Intelligence power in future peace and war,Report,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/intelligence-and-the-review(1041f667-88e1-4599-b8a7-71128ac433b0).html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/79AX878H,2021-10-11,"Huw Dylan, Joe Devanny, John Gearson",,,2021-11-15T16:03:39Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4262,Unforgiven: Russian intelligence vengeance as political theater and strategic messaging,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2019.1573537,"The poisoning of former Russian intelligence officer and MI6 agent Sergei Skripal highlights the enduring Russian ardor for poisoning enemies of the state as a warning to others who contemplate disloyalty. Beyond treating the event itself, we explore Russian conceptions of theatrical murder as a peculiar element of state power. We historicize this development and inquire whether assassination as political theater and strategic messaging is a tool embraced in particular by Vladimir Putin or rather emblematic of the Russian state. We explore why and how Putin opted to strike at the moment he did to seek vengeance against Skripal, concluding that a confluence of structural and human factors at the intersection of British government policies with Russian domestic politics led Putin to his decision. We conclude with the implications of these findings for western governments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UYBMJ7YP,2019-06-07,"David V. Gioe, Michael S. Goodman, David S. Frey",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-02-16T08:42:14Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2019.1573537,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2914190947,20.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2914190947,2019.0,2026.0,2019.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/108894715/Unforgiven_Russian_intelligence_vengeance_GOODMAN_Accepted_January_2019_GREEN_AAM.pdf,0.0 4263,Disinformation: No Delete Button,Podcast,https://evergreenpodcasts.com/disinformation/no-delete-button,"Evergreen's talented creative team works with top brands and hosts to tell inspiring stories through branded content, original shows, and partner podcasts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LKF5FS8K,2023-01-05,David V. Gioe,,,2023-01-06T08:48:37Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4264,The British Way in Intelligence,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnqY4zvyKLA&ab_channel=ThinkJSOU,"This Episode’s Guest: Michael Goodman is Professor of Intelligence and International Affairs, Head of the Department of War Studies at King's College London. He is also a Visiting Professor at the Norwegian Defence Intelligence School and at Sciences Po, Paris. He has spent many years seconded to the Cabinet Office as the Official Historian of the Joint Intelligence Committee and is a current British Army reservist. Website: Professor Michael Goodman (kcl.ac.uk); Twitter: Michael Goodman (@77_msg) / Twitter What you will Learn - The intelligence cycle in a British context - The various components of British intelligence - The characteristics of British intelligence Learn more from Mike at Michael Goodman - Research Outputs - Research Portal, King's College, London (kcl.ac.uk). Find Mike’s books at: - Estimative Intelligence in European Foreign Policymaking (edinburghuniversitypress.com) - The CIA and the Pursuit of Security (edinburghuniversitypress.com) - The Palgrave Handbook of Security, Risk and Intelligence | SpringerLink - The Official History of the Joint Intelligence Committee: Volume I: Fr (routledge.com) - Spying on the World (edinburghuniversitypress.com) - Learning from the Secret Past | Georgetown University Press - Spinning Intelligence: Why Intelligence Needs the Media, Why the Media Needs Intelligence: Dover, Robert, Goodman, Michael S. Goodman: 9780199326945: Amazon.com: Books - Spying on the Nuclear Bear: Anglo-American Intelligence and the Soviet Bomb - Michael S. Goodman (stanford.edu)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MF43NZR6,2022-11-07,Michael S. Goodman,,,2022-11-07T22:59:54Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4265,"The Zimmermann Telegram: Intelligence, Diplomacy, and America's Entry into World War I",Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/zimmermann-telegram,"By the winter of 1916/17, World War I had reached a deadlock. While the Allies commanded greater resources and fielded more soldiers than the Central Powers, German armies had penetrated deep into Russia and France, and tenaciously held on to their conquered empire. Hoping to break the stalemate on the western front, the exhausted Allies sought to bring the neutral United States into the conflict. A golden opportunity to force American intervention seemed at hand when British naval intelligence intercepted a secret telegram detailing a German alliance offer to Mexico. In it, Berlin’s foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmermann, offered his country’s support to Mexico for re-conquering “the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona” in exchange for a Mexican attack on the United States, should the latter enter the war on the side of the Allies. The British handed a copy of the Telegram to the American government, which in turn leaked it to the press. On March 1, 1917, the Telegram made headline news across the United States, and five weeks later, America entered World War I. Based on an examination of virtually all available German, British, and U.S. government records, this book presents the definitive account of the Telegram and questions many traditional views on the origins, cryptanalysis, and impact of the German alliance scheme. While the Telegram has often been described as the final step in a carefully planned German strategy to gain a foothold in the western hemisphere, this book argues that the scheme was a spontaneous initiative by a minor German foreign office official, which gained traction only because of a lack of supervision and coordination at the top echelon of the German government. On the other hand, the book argues, American and British secret services had collaborated closely since 1915 to bring the United States into the war, and the Telegram’s interception and disclosure represented the crowning achievement of this clandestine Anglo-American intelligence alliance. Moreover, the book explicitly challenges the widely accepted notion that the Telegram’s publication in the U.S. press rallied Americans for war. Instead, it contends that the Telegram divided the public by poisoning the debate over intervention, and by failing to offer peace-minded Americans a convincing rationale for supporting the war. The book also examines the Telegram’s effect on the memory of World War I through the twentieth century and beyond.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H299JXUN,2012-10-15,Thomas Boghardt,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-09T23:54:37Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4266,The Politics of Counterterrorism in India: Strategic Intelligence and National Security in South Asia,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/politics-of-counterterrorism-in-india-9781848857759/,"In the wake of the Mumbai terrorist attacks in November 2008, terrorism and counterterrorism in India became the focus of international, regional and national attention. Here, Prem Mahadevan, by using three case studies of Sikh separatist, Kashmiri separatist and pan-Islamist groups, focuses on the efforts of India's decision-makers and intelligence agencies to create coherent and effective counterterrorism policies and actions. Questioning why Sikh separatist groups have been effectively contained, and yet pan-Islamists have not, Mahadevan draws the conclusion that, due to a gap between the expectations of decision-makers and the capabilities of strategic intelligence agencies, India's ability to prevent terrorist attacks has been undermined. In addition, the role played by Pakistan's intelligence agencies in the border regions is given extensive analytical treatment. Combining a theoretical approach with empirical analysis of India's counterterrorist activities, this book holds valuable information for those examining strategy-making and counterterrorism - practitioners as well as researchers - in addition to those interested in the politics of India.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WBSFL86N,2011-12-13,Prem Mahadevan,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-30T16:44:05Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4267,"The British Way in Counter-Insurgency, 1945-1967",Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-british-way-in-counter-insurgency-1945-1967-9780199587964,"The claim by the Ministry of Defence in 2001 that 'the experience of numerous small wars has provided the British Army with a unique insight into this demanding form of conflict' unravelled spectacularly in Iraq and Afghanistan. One important reason for that, David French suggests, was because contemporary British counter-insurgency doctrine was based upon a serious misreading of the past. Until now, many observers believed that during the wars of decolonisation in the two decades after 1945, the British had discovered how western liberal notions of right and wrong could be made compatible with the imperatives of waging war amongst the people, that force could be used effectively but with care, and that a more just and prosperous society could emerge from these struggles. By using only the minimum necessary force, and doing so with the utmost discrimination, the British were able to win by securing the 'hearts and minds' of the people. But this was a serious distortion of actual British practice on the ground. David French's main contention is that the British hid their use of naked force behind a carefully constructed veneer of legality. In reality, they commonly used wholesale coercion, including cordon and search operations, mass detention without trial, forcible population resettlement, and the creation of free-fire zones to intimidate and lock-down the civilian population. The British waged their counter-insurgency campaigns by being nasty, not nice, to the people. The British Way in Counter-Insurgency is a seminal reassessment of the historical foundation of British counter doctrine and practice. , The claim by the Ministry of Defence in 2001 that 'the experience of numerous small wars has provided the British Army with a unique insight into this demanding form of conflict' unravelled spectacularly in Iraq and Afghanistan. One important reason for that, David French suggests, was because contemporary British counter-insurgency doctrine was based upon a serious misreading of the past. Until now, many observers believed that during the wars of decolonisation in the two decades after 1945, the British had discovered how western liberal notions of right and wrong could be made compatible with the imperatives of waging war amongst the people, that force could be used effectively but with care, and that a more just and prosperous society could emerge from these struggles. By using only the minimum necessary force, and doing so with the utmost discrimination, the British were able to win by securing the 'hearts and minds' of the people. But this was a serious distortion of actual British practice on the ground. David French's main contention is that the British hid their use of naked force behind a carefully constructed veneer of legality. In reality, they commonly used wholesale coercion, including cordon and search operations, mass detention without trial, forcible population resettlement, and the creation of free-fire zones to intimidate and lock-down the civilian population. The British waged their counter-insurgency campaigns by being nasty, not nice, to the people. The British Way in Counter-Insurgency is a seminal reassessment of the historical foundation of British counter doctrine and practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CVE8F389,2011-09-29,David French,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T16:40:59Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4268,Teaching Analysis: Simulation Strategies in the Intelligence Studies Classroom,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.834219,"A common substantive topic in intelligence studies is the analysis process. The addition of active-learning techniques to reinforce key concepts like competitive analysis, ‘wheat’ versus ‘chaff’, and the different ‘ints’ of intelligence can be an important supplement to existing teaching methods. Moreover, a deeper appreciation of the intelligence analysis process is likely to be best achieved through simulation learning. Drawing on the growing literature that recognizes active learning and simulations as important pedagogical tools, this teaching note presents an original active-learning simulation for the college-level intelligence studies classroom in which students face an analysis challenge that highlights different components of the analysis process. This simulation increases appreciation for intelligence analysis and serves as a student-friendly method for enhancing intelligence studies pedagogy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RRVXBXUA,2014-03-04,Allison M. Shelton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:40:21Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2013.834219,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094698645,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094698645,2016.0,2024.0,2013.0,,3.0 4269,The Intelligence Requirement of International Mediation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.799368,"This article explores the intelligence requirement of international mediation, a topic that is ignored in both the literature on conflict resolution and the literature on intelligence. A mediator's strategies and tactics ought to be informed by a deep understanding of the parties' internal calculations about the conflict and its resolution. Intelligence is needed to gain this understanding because the parties typically do not reveal their sensitive deliberations to outsiders. United Nations mediation teams should have a monitoring and analysis unit that endeavours to meet this need and reduce the ignorance that commonly afflicts international mediation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z68SUCTF,2014-03-04,Laurie Nathan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:39:54Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2013.799368,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074821153,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074821153,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 4270,Electronic Eyes on the Green Line: Surveillance by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.834216,"The 1974 Cypriot War divided the island of Cyprus into two parts with a narrow demilitarized zone (DMZ) between the opposing Greek Cypriot and Turkish forces. The volatility and violence in this zone, called the ‘Green Line’, necessitated a constant UN peacekeeping presence that was achieved mainly with manned observation posts (OPs). About 150 of these posts were established by 1975 to maintain stability and prevent flare-ups, including any lethal exchanges between the two sides. By the early 1990s, many of the countries contributing peacekeepers to the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) had become tired of the stalemate and the lack of progress in negotiations (peacemaking), so they withdrew their troops from the force. This necessitated a reduction in the number of constantly manned OPs from 51 in 1992 to 21 in mid-1993. Further downsizing of UNFICYP by the UN Security Council in 2004 gave rise to a new approach to monitor the DMZ and produce actionable intelligence. Cameras were installed in hot-spots in the Nicosia DMZ and more responsive patrols were introduced as part of the new ‘concentration with mobility’ concept. This was the first time a UN peace operation used unattended cameras to monitor a demilitarized zone. This article examines the UN's difficulties and successes using the remote cameras, especially during important incidents. Other technologies that aided UNFICYP are also reviewed for lessons that might assist an under-equipped United Nations in its watchkeeping function.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UASKYJEY,2014-03-04,A. Walter Dorn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:39:26Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2013.834216,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993751835,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993751835,2020.0,2025.0,2013.0,,7.0 4271,"Analytic Tradecraft and the Intelligence Community: Enduring Value, Intermittent Emphasis",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.746415,"The emphasis and visibility afforded analytic tradecraft in the Intelligence Community's analytic production has fluctuated throughout its existence. The explanation for this intermittent emphasis on tradecraft may lie in changes in consumer preferences and collection means, the role played by individual tradecraft advocates, and the lack of an intelligence failure matching the severity of 9/11 and the absence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Both failures served as a forceful reminder that while strong analytic tradecraft does not guarantee ‘getting a judgment right’, it increases the likelihood that the assessments produced are transparent, relevant, and rigorous.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6VCAPDXY,2014-03-04,Jim Marchio,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:39:07Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2012.746415,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070357257,24.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070357257,2015.0,2025.0,2013.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2012.746415?needAccess=true,2.0 4272,On the Edge of the Cold War: American Diplomats and Spies in Postwar Prague,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/on-the-edge-of-the-cold-war-9780190217846,"In 1945, both the U.S. State Department and U.S. Intelligence saw Czechoslovakia as the master key to the balance of power in Europe and as a chessboard for the power-game between East and West. Washington believed that the political scene in Prague was the best available indicator of whether the United States would be able to coexist with Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union. In this book, Igor Lukes illuminates the end of World War II and the early stages of the Cold War in Prague, showing why the United States failed to prevent Czechoslovakia from being absorbed into the Soviet bloc. He draws on documents from archives in the United States and the Czech Republic, on the testimonies of high ranking officers who served in the U.S. Embassy from 1945 to 1948, and on unpublished manuscripts, diaries, and memoirs. Exploiting this wealth of evidence, Lukes paints a critical portrait of Ambassador Laurence Steinhardt. He shows that Steinhardt's groundless optimism caused Washington to ignore clear signs that democracy in Czechoslovakia was in trouble. Although U.S. Intelligence officials who served in Prague were committed to the mission of gathering information and protecting democracy, they were defeated by the Czech and Soviet clandestine services that proved to be more shrewd, innovative, and eager to win. Indeed, Lukes reveals that a key American officer may have been turned by the Russians. For all these reasons, when the Communists moved to impose their dictatorship, the U.S. Embassy and its CIA section were unprepared and powerless.The fall of Czechoslovakia in 1948 helped deepen Cold War tensions for decades to come. Vividly written and filled with colorful portraits of the key participants, On the Edge of the Cold War offers an authoritative account of this key foreign policy debacle. , In 1945, both the U.S. State Department and U.S. Intelligence saw Czechoslovakia as the master key to the balance of power in Europe and as a chessboard for the power-game between East and West. Washington believed that the political scene in Prague was the best available indicator of whether the United States would be able to coexist with Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union. In this book, Igor Lukes illuminates the end of World War II and the early stages of the Cold War in Prague, showing why the United States failed to prevent Czechoslovakia from being absorbed into the Soviet bloc. He draws on documents from archives in the United States and the Czech Republic, on the testimonies of high ranking officers who served in the U.S. Embassy from 1945 to 1948, and on unpublished manuscripts, diaries, and memoirs. Exploiting this wealth of evidence, Lukes paints a critical portrait of Ambassador Laurence Steinhardt. He shows that Steinhardt's groundless optimism caused Washington to ignore clear signs that democracy in Czechoslovakia was in trouble. Although U.S. Intelligence officials who served in Prague were committed to the mission of gathering information and protecting democracy, they were defeated by the Czech and Soviet clandestine services that proved to be more shrewd, innovative, and eager to win. Indeed, Lukes reveals that a key American officer may have been turned by the Russians. For all these reasons, when the Communists moved to impose their dictatorship, the U.S. Embassy and its CIA section were unprepared and powerless.The fall of Czechoslovakia in 1948 helped deepen Cold War tensions for decades to come. Vividly written and filled with colorful portraits of the key participants, On the Edge of the Cold War offers an authoritative account of this key foreign policy debacle.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BLDNK92B,2015-01-15,Igor Lukes,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T16:37:46Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4273,Blinking Red: Crisis and Compromise in American Intelligence after 9/11,Book,https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/potomac-books/9781612348230,"After the September 11 attacks, the 9/11 Commission argued that the United States needed a powerful leader, a “spymaster,” to forge the scattered intelli...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P4H6RAMK,2016-07-01,Michael Allen,Potomac Books,,2024-01-30T16:36:13Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4274,"Intelligence Contracting: On the Motivations, Interests, and Capabilities of Core Personnel Contractors in the US Intelligence Community",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.703044,"In the debate on intelligence contracting, intelligence officers are grouped into two personnel categories characterized by opposing sets of motivations and interests. Government employees are assumed to be motivated by a higher goal related to national security, while intelligence contractors are said to be motivated primarily by pecuniary interests and loyal first and foremost to their shareholders. Contemporary research on human motivation, however, suggests that the two personnel categories are not all that different in that both appear to be intrinsically motivated and loyal primarily to the mission at hand, namely national security. Moreover, comparative research on public organizations and private corporations suggests that there are more similarities between the two than there are differences. This must lead us to re-examine the recent criticism fielded against the practice of intelligence contracting.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EEKCCL38,2014-01-02,Morten Hansen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:33:40Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.703044,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2078770487,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078770487,2015.0,2025.0,2012.0,,3.0 4275,"Left Behind: Boris E. Skvirsky and the Chita Delegation at the Washington Conference, 1921–22",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.746413,"Although the story of the role of the Special Trade Delegation of the Russian short-lived Far Eastern Republic during the Washington Conference on Naval Disarmament of 1921–22, seems to be well-known from its many Western accounts published since 1922, a recent search in the records of the Russian Communist Party has uncovered many hitherto unknown or obscure details that shed the light on the fascinating intelligence origins of the secret documentation, which the delegation made public during the conference. Particularly, the Russian records indicate the central role of one of the delegates, Boris Skvirsky, who would be left behind in the United States to become the Soviet unofficial representative and back channel during the years of non-recognition of the Soviet Union by the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D2TQQGSB,2014-01-02,"Svetlana A. Chervonnaya, Donald J. Evans",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:33:08Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684527.2012.746413,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080349527,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080349527,2023.0,2023.0,2013.0,,10.0 4276,The Art of the Intelligence Autopsy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.748371,"Although intelligence postmortems are a common practice in the aftermath of intelligence failure, little is known about how they are conducted. This article explores the methodology employed by Robert Jervis in intelligence postmortems that followed the fall of the Shah of Iran in 1979 and the formulation of the 2002 Iraq national intelligence estimate that warned of the possibility that Iraq had restarted its nuclear program. The analysis reveals the challenges faced by scholars as they attempt to assess why analysts failed to offer accurate estimates and the way contemporary international relations theory can be applied to the realm of policy. The findings of the postmortems also shed light on areas where additional collaboration among scholars and analysts can advance the art of intelligence analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/26384BR7,2014-01-02,James J. Wirtz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:32:55Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/02684527.2012.748371,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2133297125,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2133297125,2014.0,2025.0,2013.0,,1.0 4277,Operation Mincemeat: how a dead man and a bizarre plan fooled the Nazis and assured an allied victory,Book,http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1010/2009047562-s.html,"From the acclaimed author of ""Agent Zigzag"" comes an extraordinary account of the most successful deception--and certainly the strangest--ever carried out in World War II, one that changed the prospects for an Allied victory. The purpose of the plan--code named Operation Mincemeat--was to deceive the Nazis into thinking that Allied forces were planning to attack southern Europe by way of Greece or Sardinia, rather than Sicily, as the Nazis had assumed, and the Allies ultimately chose",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NLIDNGQK,2010,Ben Macintyre,Harmony Books,,2024-01-30T16:30:43Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4278,"A King's Ransom: The Life of Charles Théveneau de Morande, Blackmailer, Scandalmonger & Master-Spy",Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/kings-ransom-9781441178961/,"If Charles Théveneau de Morande was a character in a novel, he would be considered the ultimate anti-hero. Morande's historical significance far transcends his success as a blackmailer and scandalous pamphleteer. Having extorted the French monarchy he turned coat and during the War of American Independence and throughout the 1780s was France's leading political spy in London. In addition, he was a highly successful police agent among his fellow exiles and one of the most influential journalists of his time. His enemies or victims - who invariably suffered intense damage to their reputations - included many of the most colourful figures of his day. Nevertheless, Morande survived the wrath of both Louis XV and the revolution, outlived his enemies, and died peacefully in his bed. Morande's life story is a tale of intrigue, blackmail, espionage, duels, kidnap, murder, politics, conspiracy and crime. At the same time, it offers a chance to examine some of the most important issues of French history and revolution.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RMFP9VCM,2010-03-03,Simon Burrows,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-30T16:27:40Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4279,Challenges in Intelligence Analysis: Lessons from 1300 BCE to the Present,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/books/challenges-in-intelligence-analysis/141DFFCEC82ECC68F9E01A23E7EF0BB2,"In Challenges in Intelligence Analysis, Timothy Walton offers concrete, reality-based ways to improve intelligence analysis. After a brief introduction to the main concepts of analysis, he provides more than forty historical and contemporary examples that demonstrate what has, and what has not, been effective when grappling with difficult problems. The examples cover a wide span of time, going back 3,000 years. They are also global in scope and deal with a variety of political, military, economic, and social issues. Walton emphasizes the importance of critical and creative thinking and how such thinking can be enhanced. His 2010 book provides a detailed and balanced idea of intelligence work and will be of particular interest to students who are contemplating a career in intelligence analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FX7A2BTI,2010-08-30,Timothy Walton,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-30T16:25:48Z,"['8XA7D88D', '9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZJ36V8L', 'CZT6L9T7', 'DS3WDJUS', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1017/CBO9780511779220,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4248845369,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4248845369,2015.0,2026.0,2010.0,,5.0 4280,The Dutch Affair Revisited or the Destructive Power of Organizational Warfare,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.735077,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IWP8R8BE,2013-12-01,Hugh Van Der Mandele,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:23:10Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2012.735077,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011493465,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011493465,2016.0,2016.0,2012.0,,4.0 4281,Unknown Agabekov,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.701440,"The decision to declassify selected historical documents from the archives of the Security Service in 1997 has been a boon to academic historians of intelligence. The declassified files reveal the successes and failures of the Security Service in fulfilling its statutory function of defending the realm. Yet the activity of Soviet spies continues to be one of the most challenging topics in intelligence history. The role of Soviet defectors in transforming the Security Service's understanding of the nature and extent of Soviet intelligence operations, meanwhile, remains largely understudied. In the case of Agabekov, for example, the reaction of SIS or MI5 to his ‘disappearance’ in the spring of 1938 has long been neglected. It is possible that there was no reaction at all, because both services had long-since written off Agabekov as a source. This helps explain why Agabekov's case has been ignored in the relevant literature in both Russia and the West.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/79SZ45YS,2013-12-01,Boris Volodarsky,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:22:56Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2012.701440,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4241432907,0.0,False,,,,2013.0,, 4282,Tunny Reveals B-Dienst Successes Against the ‘Convoy Code’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.746414,"During World War II, German naval codebreakers in the B-Dienst made extensive breaks into Naval Cypher No. 3, an enciphered code used by the Allies for the vital Atlantic convoys. It is often suggested that they did not discover that Cypher No. 3 was insecure until May 1943. This article shows that the British had learned about this much earlier, in August 1942, and that they informed the US Navy then. British solutions of messages encrypted with the Wehrmacht's Tunny teleprinter cipher machine had revealed that the B-Dienst was solving Naval Cyphers Nos. 3 and 4. Surprisingly, those ciphers were not replaced until June 1943.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KIKNUV4,2013-12-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:22:09Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2012.746414,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071793515,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071793515,2015.0,2021.0,2013.0,,2.0 4283,"Sudan's Security Agencies: Fragmentation, Visibility and Mimicry, 1908–89",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.701435,"This article contends that, in the period under study, government security agencies in both colonial and post-colonial Sudan have failed to dominate society. It attributes this failure to the limited resources and limited ambitions of the state, and the fact that its security organs were thus weakly institutionalized. The fact that these failures persisted after independence, in spite of the efforts of post-colonial governments to expand their intelligence agencies, demonstrated the divisions within the state and the extent to which it could be captured by competing political and social groups.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C9WNCJ57,2013-12-01,Will Berridge,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T16:21:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2012.701435,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061222010,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061222010,2020.0,2023.0,2012.0,,8.0 4284,Queen's Agent: Francis Walsingham at the Court of Elizabeth I,Book,https://www.faber.co.uk/product/9780571218271-the-queens-agent/,"Elizabeth I came to the throne at a time of insecurity and unrest. Rivals threatened her reign; England was a Protestant island, isolated in a sea of Catholic countries. Spain plotted an invasion, but Elizabeth’s Secretary, Francis Walsingham, was prepared to do whatever it took to protect her. He ran a network of agents in England and Europe who provided him with information about invasions or assassination plots. He recruited likely young men and ‘turned’ others. He encourage Elizabeth to make war against the Catholic Irish rebels, with extreme brutality and oversaw the execution of Mary Queen of Scots. The Queen’s Agent is a story of secret agents, cryptic codes and ingenious plots, set in a turbulent period of England’s history. It is also the story of a man devoted to his queen, sacrificing his every waking hour to save the threatened English state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RJPVAGIF,2012-07-05,John Cooper,Faber,,2024-01-30T15:45:47Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4285,The Epistemic Status of Intelligence: An Epistemological Contribution to the Understanding of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.701438,"We argue that the majority of intelligence definitions fail to recognize that the normative epistemic status of intelligence is knowledge and not an inferior alternative. We refute the counter-arguments that intelligence ought not to be seen as knowledge because of 1) its action-oriented scope and 2) its future-oriented content. We dismiss the traditional infallibilistic understanding of knowledge and follow David Lewis' argument, that knowledge is fallible and context-sensitive. Thus, we argue for the importance of developing a methodology by which the entitlement, justification and robustness of claims to intelligence-knowledge can be assessed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CDTNECZ5,2013-10-01,"Kira Vrist Rønn, Simon Høffding",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T15:42:30Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2012.701438,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006447927,37.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006447927,2013.0,2026.0,2012.0,,1.0 4286,‘The Sun Never Sets on the Activities of the CIA’: Project Resistance at William and Mary,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.699291,"This article examines the activities of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) on the campus of the College of William and Mary in 1969 and 1970. Although the CIA operation at William and Mary was first revealed in 1980, it has not received any scholarly attention. The CIA compiled information on students and faculty who were perceived to be radical. The CIA utilized informants working in the Office of the Dean of Men. In gathering information about students and professors, CIA officials violated the law and undermined academic freedom. The surveillance serves as a reminder of how easily a secret agency can threaten civil liberties and demonstrates why Congress must be vigilant in its oversight of the intelligence establishment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NFAWG7FF,2013-10-01,David S. McCarthy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T15:38:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2012.699291,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968707479,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968707479,2018.0,2020.0,2012.0,,6.0 4287,Skill versus Brutality in Interrogation: Lessons from Israel for American Policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.699286,"This article reviews the central tenets of selection, training, doctrine, and organization in Israeli interrogation to suggest how the United States might learn from the Israeli experience. There is relatively little in the open literature on these particular issues of training and approach in Israel. The contrast between Israeli and US approaches raises questions about the effectiveness of US interrogation and suggests how the US might better use skill and cunning toward an effective, legal, and ethical American policy on interrogation. By themselves, professionalism and skill do not prevent torture, but they can provide an effective alternative to it. A change in American policy is essential, to counter pressures in Congress and elsewhere to sanction the use of torture in response to new terrorist threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QJC6N7N5,2013-08-01,Robert F. Coulam,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T15:11:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2012.699286,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2047514989,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2047514989,2022.0,2022.0,2012.0,,10.0 4288,"Interrogation, Coercion and Torture: Dutch Debates and Experiences after 9/11",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2012.699287,"The 9/11 attacks and the subsequent increase of counterterrorism laws and regulations in Western democracies have also spurned heavy debates on torture and ill-treatment of captured terrorist suspects. However, while the Netherlands did deploy troops to Afghanistan and adopted new laws and policies regarding counterterrorism, debates on torture remained marginal. Indeed, the Netherlands has not suffered the pressure of a constant high terrorist threat, or endured a catastrophic terrorist attack. However, the author argues that there are more reasons for the lack of heated discussions. While this article does not intend to lift the Dutch case to an exemplary one, it illustrates how Dutch government authorities made good use of the benefits of hindsight regarding torture debates and incidents elsewhere and were able to apply lessons regarding accountability and oversight concerning interrogation issues at home successfully.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J3PURH4G,2013-08-01,George Dimitriu1,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T15:11:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2012.699287,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1538746260,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1538746260,2014.0,2020.0,2013.0,,1.0 4289,Rhetorical and Critical/Cultural Intelligence Studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.699284,"While the role of intelligence is to reduce uncertainty for decision-makers, a role of intelligence scholarship is to highlight uncertainty, that is, open up possibilities for ethical reflection and deliberation that conventional wisdom, institutional inertia, and mainstream research have closed off. Along these lines, this essay argues for the development and use of rhetorical and critical/cultural perspectives within the field of Intelligence Studies. It describes what rhetorical and critical/cultural research entails and explains how associated perspectives benefit the field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5FLB3CRC,2013-08-01,Hamilton Bean,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T15:10:27Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/02684527.2012.699284,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991812190,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991812190,2013.0,2023.0,2012.0,,1.0 4290,"Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions",Book,https://www.casematepublishers.com/9781612001975/attack-on-pearl-harbor/,"“Nothing previously published has offered such a close examination of Japanese strategy . . . an in-depth study of the Japanese planning, preparation and execution of the attack with particular focus on factors not thoroughly considered by other historians, if at all . . . detailed analyses that lead to a much better understanding of what the Japanese did, why they did it, and especially how the attack was very nearly an abject failure instead of a stunning success.""—Naval Institute Proceedings ""For seven decades, conventional wisdom has extolled the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor as brilliant in its planning and execution . . . this masterful analysis topples that pillar of Pacific War history . . . with its amazing depth of meticulous research and analysis, this forceful book is essential reading for anyone with a serious interest in Pearl Harbor.""—World War II ""The first militarily professional description of the Pearl Harbor attack, and for those who are serious about military history and operations, it is a joy to read. . . . a superb military analysis of the attack . . . not only renders all other histories of Pearl Harbor obsolete, it has set the bar high for other histories of the Pacific War.""—War In History",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5LB3G7G4,2013-10-01,Alan D. Zimm,Casemate Publishers,,2024-01-30T15:04:26Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4291,"""In the Interest of Democracy"": The Rise and Fall of the Early Cold War Alliance Between the American Federation of Labor and the Central Intelligence Agency",Book,https://www.peterlang.com/document/1052010,"Until recently, there has been little concrete evidence linking the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to the U.S. government’s Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the late 1940s and early 1950s. In this book, based upon recently opened archival collections, the author investigates this controversial and complicated early Cold War relationship. Contrary to arguments that the AFL’s international activities were entirely controlled by the U.S. government to the detriment of the independent international labor movement, or that the AFL acted on its own without government involvement to foster legitimate anti-communist trade unions, the author’s examination of the archival sources reveals that the AFL and the CIA made an alliance of convenience based upon common goals and ideologies, which dissolved when the balance of power shifted away from the AFL and into the hands of the CIA. In addition to tracing the complicated historical threads which resulted in an apparently unlikely relationship, three specific examples of how the AFL worked with the CIA are investigated in this book: the development of the anti-communist trade union federation Force Ouvrière in France; the AFL campaign against the Soviet Union’s use of «slave labor» at the UN; and labor’s role in the activities of the National Committee for a Free Europe, including Radio Free Europe and the Free Trade Union Center in Exile.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7KHRMQAW,2011-08-18,Quenby Hughes,Peter Lang,,2024-01-30T15:02:33Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4292,Intel Wars: The Secret History of the Fight Against Terror,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/intel-wars-9781608194995/,"The shock of the 9/11 attacks sent the American intelligence community into hyperactive growth. Five hundred billion dollars of spending in the Bush-Cheney years turned the U.S. spy network into a monster: 200,000-plus employees, stations in 170 countries, and an annual budget of more than $75 billion. Armed with cutting-edge surveillance gear, high-tech weapons, and fleets of armed and unarmed drone aircraft, America deploys the most advanced intel force in history. But even after the celebrated strike against Osama Bin Laden, America's spies are still struggling to beat a host of ragtag enemies around the world. In Intel Wars, preeminent secrecy and intelligence historian Matthew Aid (""our reigning expert on the NSA""-Seymour M. Hersh) delivers the inside stories of how and why our shadow war against extremism has floundered. Spendthrift, schizophrenic policies leave next-generation spy networks drowning in raw data, resource-starved, and choked on paperwork. Overlapping jurisdictions stall CIA operatives, who wait seventy-two hours for clearance to attack fast-moving Taliban IE D teams. U.S. military computers-their classified hard drives still in place-turn up for sale at Afghan bazaars. Swift, tightly focused operations like the Bin Laden strike are the exception rather than the rule. Intel Wars-based on extensive, on-the-ground interviews, and revelations from Wikileaks cables and other newly declassified documents-shows how our soldier-spies are still fighting to catch up with the enemy. Matthew Aid captures the lumbering behemoth that is the U.S. military-intelligence complex in one comprehensive narrative, and distills the unprecedented challenges to our security into a compelling- and sobering-read.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LSRU4IBQ,2012-01-10,Matthew M. Aid,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-30T14:59:45Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4293,Franco-German Intelligence Cooperation and the Internationalization of Algeria's War of Independence (1954–62),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.789638,"Between 1958 and 1960, the French domestic security and intelligence services came to establish a close, multi-layered, and secret working relationship with their German counterparts. The purpose of this collaborative arrangement was to enlist German support in combating the subversive activities of the Algerian Front de Libération Nationale, whose members had taken refuge in Germany. In particular, the metropolitan authorities sought to impose on their German counterparts some of the same methods of colonial policing and intelligence that characterized their own counter-insurgency in France. These efforts proved counter-productive, however, for in internationalizing the Algerian war, they drew public attention to the colonial nature of France's hold over Algeria.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BNNSTWMW,2013-06-01,Mathilde von Bülow,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T14:56:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2013.789638,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030750138,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030750138,2017.0,2021.0,2013.0,,4.0 4294,Subs and PSYOPs: The 1982 Swedish Submarine Intrusions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.699294,"In the 1980s, the Soviet Union was believed to have targeted Sweden by sending submarines into Swedish archipelagos and naval bases, which forced Prime Minister Olof Palme to terminate his ambitious foreign policy. The ‘imminent Soviet threat’ changed Swedish public opinion drastically. Twenty years later, statements made by the responsible US and UK leaders, including then US Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger and then UK Navy Minister Keith Speed, show that these operations were run by US and British submarines testing Swedish coastal defences. Then US Secretary of Navy John Lehman and the Swedish Secretary of the Submarine Inquiry, Mathias Mossberg, indicate that these operations were also deception operations and psychological operations. Swedish former defence ministers have said that ‘it was wrong to point to the Soviet Union’, indicating that the more visible submarines may have been from the West. Ralf Lillbacka's article in Intelligence and National Security in 2010 does not take this information into consideration. The technical evidence we now have is proof of Western submarines operating in Swedish archipelagos. This evidence confirms the statements made by responsible leaders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PTQDN965,2013-04-01,Ola Tunander,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T14:20:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2012.699294,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987691742,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987691742,2012.0,2012.0,2012.0,,0.0 4295,Easy Target or Invincible Enemy? German Intelligence Assessments of France Before the Great War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2005.10555115,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MYT4JT9X,2005-12-01,Robert T. Foley,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2021-11-11T15:09:29Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/16161262.2005.10555115,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2309386607,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2309386607,2023.0,2023.0,2005.0,,18.0 4296,"French Military Intelligence responds to the German Remilitarisation of the Rhineland, 1936 - The military consequences for France of the end of Locarno",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701640548,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RJ24RFFG,2007-08-01,Martin S. Alexander,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-05-21T21:56:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684520701640548,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085611643,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085611643,2020.0,2020.0,2007.0,,13.0 4297,"French Military Intelligence responds to the German Remilitarisation of the Rhineland, 1936 - Note concerning the consequences that follow, from a military point of view, from Germany's renunciation of the Locarno Treaty",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701640506,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ATDHFNU5,2007-08-01,"Peter Jackson, Martin S. Alexander",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-05-21T21:55:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684520701640506,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2139539338,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 4298,"French Military Intelligence responds to the German Remilitarisation of the Rhineland, 1936 - A look at French intelligence machinery in 1936",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701640514,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7F4BQSDE,2007-08-01,Peter Jackson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-05-21T21:55:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684520701640514,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046853212,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 4299,Aspects of World War II German Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2004.10555090,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PW5GB4SL,2004-06-01,Gerhard Weinberg,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:26:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2004.10555090,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W321009882,0.0,False,,,,2004.0,, 4300,Towards a New History of German Military Intelligence in the Era of the Great War: Approaches and Sources,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2005.10555114,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLM669AJ,2005-12-01,Markus Pöhlmann,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:23:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/16161262.2005.10555114,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1873249989,0.0,False,,,,2005.0,, 4301,"Spies and diplomats in Bismarck’s Germany: collaboration between military intelligence and the Foreign Office, 1871–1881",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.861220,"Hidden in the political archives of the German Foreign Ministry is a treasure trove of documentation concerning the activities of military intelligence in the 1870s. These secret dossiers not only reveal how closely the army’s newly formed Bureau of Military Intelligence worked with Bismarck and his diplomats in the first decade of the Empire’s existence. They also offer new insights into the operations and achievements of the Germany army’s early espionage activities. Up until now, little has been known about these years since all of the relevant archival material was thought to have been destroyed in April 1945. So for the first time, this study is able to tell the closely linked tales of these early German intelligence operations and how they were monitored and used by the diplomats in Berlin. The resulting picture of productive collaboration between soldiers and civilians undermines further the validity of increasingly outdated stereotypes concerning the role of “militarism” in the German Empire.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MSTJJEUC,2014-01-02,James Stone,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T21:41:27Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/16161262.2013.861220,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055717778,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055717778,2020.0,2020.0,2013.0,,7.0 4302,German and Soviet intelligence activities in Sweden in 1944: Voldemar Blankenfelds and the deportation of Baron Bernd von Gossler,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.896109,"This article addresses the intricate and previously untold story of a German attempt in 1944 to have an agent, the Latvian Voldemar Blankenfelds, dispatched by boat, via Sweden, to South America where a German intelligence network was being established. Shortly after his arrival in Sweden in June 1944, however, Blankenfelds got in touch with the British diplomatic mission in Stockholm, told them of his assignment and became a double agent, maintaining contacts with the Germans while continually providing information to the British, who in turn kept the Swedish police informed. Blankenfelds was later arrested and interrogated by the Swedes and, when released, agreed to provide them with information as well. He thereby significantly contributed to the arrest and extradition of a German agent in Sweden – the Head of the German tourist agency in Sweden, Baron Bernd von Gossler. Blankenfelds’ assignment to America was repeatedly delayed throughout the autumn of 1944 and by late October, Berlin ordered the mission to be called off altogether. In the meantime, the Germans had tried to have Blankenfelds engage in intelligence activities in Sweden aimed at the Baltic refugee community. Blankenfelds refused however to cooperate. Newly declassified Soviet encrypted cables, together with archival material from Blankenfelds’ file in the archive of Swedish security police, reveal striking similarities between German and Soviet intelligence objectives regarding the Baltic refugees in Sweden.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y3E5S5EP,2014-07-03,Johan Matz,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T17:04:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2014.896109,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974416116,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 4303,Spycraft and Statecraft,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/cia-spycraft-and-statecraft-william-burns,Transforming the CIA for an age of competition.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SPT7CMNC,2024-01-30,William J. Burns,,Foreign Affairs,2024-01-30T13:44:01Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4304,The Impact of a High-Tech Spy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.699295,"Air Force colonel Stig Wennerström was the most dangerous spy to Sweden in the Cold War era. His espionage was found to have been especially crippling to the Swedish air defence and its high-tech systems. That is where repair work was seen to be most urgent. As the politicians turned down appeals for extra funding, it was up to the military system itself to handle the situation. In spite of this, the Supreme Commander appears not to have pressed for Air Force priority to repair resources. The service's proportion of the defence budget did not increase, and other quantitative and qualitative evidence points to a similar lack of Air Force priority. Three theoretical approaches are used to explain how this failure to act could have come about. A rationality model is discussed and compared to an organizational competition approach and to an approach based on the character of key individuals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F22KXJE5,2013-04-01,Petter Wulff,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T13:41:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2012.699295,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016900547,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016900547,2017.0,2017.0,2012.0,,5.0 4305,Vietnam Declassified: The CIA and Counterinsurgency,Book,https://www.kentuckypress.com/9780813136592/vietnam-declassified,"Vietnam Declassified is a detailed account of the CIA's effort to help South Vietnamese authorities win the loyalty of the Vietnamese peasantry and suppress the Viet Cong. Covering the CIA engagement from 1954 to mid-1972, it provides a thorough analysis of the agency and its partners. Retired CIA operative and intelligence consultant Thomas L. Ahern Jr. is the first to comprehensively document the CIA's role in the rural pacification of South Vietnam, drawing from secret archives to which he had unrestricted access. In addition to a chronology of operations, the book explores the assumptions, political values, and cultural outlooks of not only the CIA and other U.S. government agencies, but also of the peasants, Viet Cong, and Saigon government forces competing for their loyalty. The depth of Ahern's research combined with the timely relevance of his analysis to current events in the Middle East makes this title an important addition to military literature.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QGIV573T,2012-02-01,Thomas L. Ahern,University Press of Kentucky,,2024-01-30T13:39:14Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4306,Thoughts on the State of Intelligence Studies: A Survey Report,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.748368,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4UVFPYXH,2013-02-01,"Loch K. Johnson, Allison M. Shelton",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T13:37:52Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2012.748368,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2022250592,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022250592,2013.0,2025.0,2013.0,,0.0 4307,Why Won't They Listen? Comparing Receptivity Toward Intelligence at Pearl Harbor and Midway,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.749061,"After surprise attacks and other intelligence failures, the complaint is often heard that if only decision-makers had listened more closely to the warnings they had received, disaster might have been avoided. But even though it is generally agreed that intelligence is of little use unless it is received and understood by policymakers, we actually know little about why some leaders are receptive toward intelligence, while others are not. This article argues that the willingness of decision-makers to listen to intelligence depends primarily on two factors: their belief in the seriousness of the issue or threat involved, and their trust in the utility of intelligence. It examines contrasting receptivity toward intelligence in the cases of Pearl Harbor and the Battle of Midway, and suggests that our current models of intelligence–policy relations need to be revised.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S9SG6BSS,2013-02-01,Erik J. Dahl,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T13:36:59Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2012.749061,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2062396013,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2062396013,2016.0,2026.0,2013.0,,3.0 4308,Shifting Contexts : The American Turn towards Internationalism and Globalism and the Rise of the US Intelligence System,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ARE6XR22,2020-10-06,Philipp Gassert,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:33:08Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4309,The Imperial Cultures of French Security Intelligence from World War to Decolonization War,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SVLKQ3DN,2020-10-06,Martin Thomas,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:31:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4310,"‘Soldiers cannot write and amateurs do not understand’ : History and the Formation of the Culture of Intelligence in Britain, 1917–1957",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RP57WV6A,2020-10-06,Simon Ball,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:24:49Z,['NWAKWPT7'],,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4311,Embarrassing Indiscretions : The Origins and Culture of US National Security Whistleblowing in the Interwar Years,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WNTJL85M,2020-10-06,Kaeten Mistry,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:20:10Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4312,Political Culture and Intelligence Culture : France before the Great War,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2XCYU9X,2020-10-06,Peter Jackson,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T12:32:37Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4313,National Cultures of Military Intelligence? : Comparative Perspectives,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z3YKRM8G,2020-10-06,Sönke Neitzel,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T12:31:26Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4314,"Intelligence without a Homeland: Jewish Cultural and Political Approaches to Intelligence, 1897–1948",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/87CUAK9L,2020-10-06,Shlomo Shpiro,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:30:48Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4315,"Ways of Seeing War : Hollywood, the OSS, and the Logistics of Perception",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I5XT26AJ,2020-10-06,Simon Willmetts,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:28:22Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4316,Talking Intelligence—the American Way : The American Public and National Intelligence in the First Half of the Twentieth Century,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EE4V7S7Z,2020-10-06,Bernhard Sassmann,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:27:12Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'NWAKWPT7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4317,"Culture, Adaptation, and Change in British Intelligence in the Transition from World War to Cold War",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HJPT87FZ,2020-10-06,Huw Dylan,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:29:43Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'NWAKWPT7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4318,"‘Secrecy is the essence of successful warfare. Publicity is the essence of successful journalism’ : Public Discourses on Intelligence in Britain, 1900–1927",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P2YNDSAK,2020-10-06,Michael Kranzdorf,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:25:43Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', '9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4319,"The Evolution of the Military Intelligence System in Germany, 1890–1918",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MHZ34YW4,2020-10-06,Markus Pöhlmann,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:18:52Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4320,"Villains, Liars, Soldiers, and Patriots : Perceptions of Espionage and the Politics of Emotion in fin-de-siècle France",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FI45V7AX,2020-10-06,Deborah Bauer,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T13:23:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4321,"Irish Police Intelligence, 1820s–1922",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/76IAWVXI,2020-10-06,Jérôme aan de Wiel,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T12:44:37Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4322,The Men and Women of American Military Intelligence before the CIA,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EN4EDCQR,2020-10-06,Mark Stout,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T12:41:37Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4323,Culture and the Development of British Intelligence,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QIFR89Z3,2020-10-06,Alan Macleod,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-30T12:34:53Z,['NWAKWPT7'],,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4324,Cultures of Intelligence in the Era of the World Wars,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cultures-of-intelligence-in-the-era-of-the-world-wars-9780198867203?cc=us&lang=en&,"Cultures of Intelligence analyses the intelligence services of Germany, Britain, the USA, and France in the first half of the twentieth century. It asks whether there were national traditions in intelligence, or whether each of the sophisticated Western intelligence powers was part of a transnational intelligence culture? The book is a contribution to the cultural turn in intelligence studies. Its underlying purpose is to place intelligence in its proper historical and comparative context. As such it is also a contribution to the history of political culture and its study.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CLKVEZ6L,2020-10-06,"Simon Ball, Philipp Gassert, Andreas Gestrich, Sönke Neitzel",Oxford University Press,,2023-01-28T10:11:27Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'NWAKWPT7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4325,"Code Words, Euphemisms and What They Can Tell Us About Cold War Anglo-American Communications Intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.699288,"This study examines the code words and euphemisms which protected Anglo-American communications intelligence (Comint) during the Cold War. It explains how the code word security system operated and identifies the main Comint code words and euphemisms in effect from 1946 to 1999. The article then uses these code words and euphemisms to interpret declassified American documents and reveal more information about Anglo-American Comint on the Congo, Bolivia, Indonesia, South Vietnam and China in the 1960s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7K5J2P9N,2012-12-01,David Easter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:30:51Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2012.699288,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083259559,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083259559,2015.0,2020.0,2012.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/92448391-83a8-4e8e-891a-ee7236c7f6b0,3.0 4326,Assessing Uncertainty in Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.708275,"This article addresses the challenge of managing uncertainty when producing estimative intelligence. Much of the theory and practice of estimative intelligence aims to eliminate or reduce uncertainty, but this is often impossible or infeasible. This article instead argues that the goal of estimative intelligence should be to assess uncertainty. By drawing on a body of nearly 400 declassified National Intelligence Estimates as well as prominent texts on analytic tradecraft, this article argues that current tradecraft methods attempt to eliminate uncertainty in ways that can impede the accuracy, clarity, and utility of estimative intelligence. By contrast, a focus on assessing uncertainty suggests solutions to these problems and provides a promising analytic framework for thinking about estimative intelligence in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FS25U54N,2012-12-01,"Jeffrey A. Friedman, Richard Zeckhauser",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:28:40Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2012.708275,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3121750824,90.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3121750824,2013.0,2026.0,2012.0,,1.0 4327,Cybersecurity: A Pre-history,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.708530,"The ‘cyber’ issue is not new, but rather has taken a half-century to develop. Indeed, it was already decades old before the general public and many senior leaders recognized its salience in the mid-1990s. It developed, moreover, along a logical path, which can be depicted as the successive dawning (for American policymakers, officials, and intelligence officers) of four insights, each of which was glimpsed in theory at least shortly before empirical evidence verified that it was indeed a reality to consider in setting policies, standards, and doctrine. Thus the official responses to the emergence of the cyber issue in the late-1990s were shaped by the outcomes of those earlier debates; the options available to policy-makers in the White House, Congress, the Pentagon, and the various agencies were already conditioned and even determined by previous arguments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SQDK5A3Y,2012-10-01,Michael Warner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:26:53Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/02684527.2012.708530,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094540703,138.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094540703,2013.0,2026.0,2012.0,,1.0 4328,Intelligence Dilemma? Contemporary Counter-terrorism in a Liberal Democracy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.708528,"The post-9/11 period and its emphasis on tackling terrorism has had a fundamental impact on the business of intelligence, not least in raising some very difficult ethical issues to the forefront of debate. Many of these issues are intertwined with the business of ‘policing globalisation' in the modern era. The changes and developments offer new opportunities in Intelligence Studies for exploring ethics, and the role of the intelligence function within a modern liberal democracy. The questions posed by the new threat picture for such states offer something of an ‘intelligence dilemma', which must balance the provision of good security with respecting civil liberties and ensuring the continued support of the population for security and intelligence policy. This article examines the intelligence dilemma within the framework of five dimensions: globalisation, risk and resilience; the question of a ‘surveillance society'; the ‘intermestic' challenge in the new threat picture; difficulties around the use of covert action and cyber capabilities; and partnership risks. The article suggests that a deeper analysis of these issues represents opportunities for taking Intelligence Studies in new directions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RP32Y5HD,2012-10-01,Julian Richards,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:26:33Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2012.708528,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070629390,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070629390,2015.0,2025.0,2012.0,,3.0 4329,Rebalancing Rights and National Security: Reforming UK Intelligence Oversight a Decade after 9/11,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.708525,"The UK government has accepted the case for strengthening the oversight of the security and intelligence agencies in its 2011 Green Paper on Justice and Security and in the draft Justice and Security Bill 2012. While welcome these proposals are, however, seriously deficient in neglecting the potential contribution of oversight to the protection of human rights. This article argues that democratic oversight should play a significant role in strengthening the protection of human rights by way of audit of policies and review of operations of the agencies, with regard to international intelligence cooperation and where the storage and use of personal data by the services is concerned.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZGMB6FHP,2012-10-01,Ian Leigh,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:22:46Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2012.708525,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037567029,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037567029,2016.0,2025.0,2012.0,,4.0 4330,"The End of an Exclusive Special Intelligence Relationship: British-American Intelligence Co-operation Before, During and After the 1960s",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.708523,"Secret intelligence became a major ingredient in international relations in the twentieth century, vital as much to peace as to war. Cooperation was an ingredient in intelligence success, with the British-American special relationship the century's prime and dominant example. The US-UK arrangement reached a Churchillian apogee in the 1940s and 1950s, then in the 1960s there were signs of change. Upheavals within American society, new challenges to US foreign policy, a decline in British capabilities and the end of the Cold War did not destroy the Anglo-American intelligence relationship, but they did undermine its exclusive character.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DCWQGHRD,2012-10-01,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:22:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2012.708523,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995365935,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995365935,2014.0,2024.0,2012.0,,2.0 4331,British Public Confidence in MI6 and Government Use of Intelligence: The Effect on Support for Preventive Military Action,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.708520,"There are considerable concerns about public perceptions of intelligence stemming directly from the highly politicized nature of intelligence estimates in the run-up to the US-UK invasion of Iraq in 2003. In this article we use a new public attitudes dataset to provide the first ever analysis of British public confidence in MI6 and Government use of intelligence. The article demonstrates that the public have relatively high confidence in the intelligence produced by MI6 but are extremely sceptical about how the Government will present that intelligence. Using an ordered logit model this article then examines the factors that influence public perceptions of both intelligence and Government, finding that women are a lot less confident in both the intelligence services and government presentation of intelligence than men, suggesting that this might help explain gender differences in support for military action. The study also demonstrates that party identifiers and Catholics have very low confidence in the intelligence produced by MI6. The study shows that public confidence in both government and intelligence has a strong effect on support for preventive military action against terror camps, suggesting that the intelligence agencies need to avoid being contaminated by political agendas as much as possible if the intelligence case for future military actions is to be supported by the public.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F99EPFVA,2012-10-01,"Graeme A.M. Davies, Robert Johns",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:22:02Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.708520,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058621020,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2058621020,2014.0,2026.0,2012.0,,2.0 4332,Developing Strategic and Operational Environmental Intelligence Capabilities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.708519,"This article examines the role of environmental change in conducting intelligence assessments, and the important role in integrating scientific data with background assumptions behind military and security planning. Tracing the development of environmental security concepts, recent military and intelligence interest in climate and environmental changes are based on practical concerns over critical vulnerabilities of infrastructure, energy supplies, and system stability. Examples from Central Asia illustrate the cascading nature of environmental security risks, particularly with water and energy systems. The discussion follows with how scenarios and risk assessments can be integrated with concepts from environmental net assessments, and why traditional assumptions of probabilities, uncertainties and secrecy may be misleading. It is essential to understand not only how extreme future changes might be, but what capabilities we and allies posses to adapt to environmental-related hazards.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8VGB45N,2012-10-01,Chad M. Briggs,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:21:37Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.708519,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970625681,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970625681,2013.0,2025.0,2012.0,,1.0 4333,Hope and Fear: Intelligence and the Future of Global Security a Decade after 9/11,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.708518,"This article explores a number of debates that have dominated intelligence studies since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. It examines a number of inherent tensions, involving individuals and institutions, which threaten the long-term compatibility of the national security state with liberal democracy. The notion as to whether or not the use of extreme coercive measures (such as torture) can ever be justified is examined, as is the question as to whether such measures are self-defeating. The piece examines how liberal democracies seek to protect themselves in the light of rapid changes via a globalised media, the Information Revolution, and the proliferation of advanced technology and weapons of mass destruction amongst state and non-state actors. These issues are discussed with particular reference to the use of intelligence in Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, North Korea and other global trouble spots. Finally, the article speculates on the future of the increasingly enmeshed relationship between policy-makers, intelligence agencies and the media. It is concluded that, without a clear agenda for the modification of the mechanisms for accountability and oversight, this triangular relationship will, despite its interdependence, be fraught with increasing difficulties.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FW5RBXBL,2012-10-01,"R. Gerald Hughes, Kristan Stoddart",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:21:07Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684527.2012.708518,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092181357,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092181357,2014.0,2026.0,2012.0,,2.0 4334,Reflections on the Age of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.708512,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C7R2KC3N,2012-10-01,Len Scott,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:20:50Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.708512,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090058991,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090058991,2017.0,2017.0,2012.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2012.708512?needAccess=true,5.0 4335,The CIA in Unknown Terrain: ‘The Education of an Interrogator’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.688317,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2PT9X4NF,2012-08-01,Derek Leebaert,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:17:51Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2012.688317,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082456906,0.0,False,,,,2012.0,, 4336,"The Enemy Within and the Pacific Threat: Canadian Security Intelligence in British Columbia, 1942–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.688306,"Following Japan's successful attacks against Allied targets throughout the Far East and the Pacific in December 1941, Canada focused on protecting its own Pacific coastline in British Columbia, participating in joint US–Canadian defence measures as required. Canadian authorities removed all Japanese Canadians from the Pacific Coast, placed conscript troops in British Columbia, and searched for other enemies in the province. They investigated subversion and sought to avert coastal attacks, whilst Japan conducted nuisance raids and maintained a presence in the Aleutians. Recently declassified intelligence files show that several factors influenced the way in which Canadian authorities viewed ‘the enemy within’ and ‘the Pacific threat’. During the Pacific War, the Canadian conscription policy, public complacency, wartime allegiances and enemy activity along the coast all impacted the way in which security intelligence was collected and interpreted in British Columbia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C35H6TMJ,2012-08-01,Timothy Wilford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:17:08Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2012.688306,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998189177,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998189177,2016.0,2016.0,2012.0,,4.0 4337,"Strategic Disorder, the Office of Policy Coordination and the Inauguration of US Political Warfare against the Soviet Bloc, 1948–50",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.688301,"This article examines the inauguration of US political warfare operations against the Soviet bloc, 1948–50. It builds on diplomatic and military historiography of US Cold War foreign policy, and engages with more recent scholarship of the ‘covert’ and unconventional confrontation between east and west. Two key interrelated themes are explored. The failure of Truman's policymakers, particularly the State Department's Policy Planning Staff, to devise a coherent strategy to wage political warfare against communist regimes was fundamental to its ultimate failure. Also, the disordered US government bureaucracy further impaired and strategically dislocated the application and overall success of political warfare operations by the Office of Policy Coordination.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FFINQWMZ,2012-08-01,Stephen J.K. Long,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:16:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2012.688301,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089013039,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089013039,2014.0,2026.0,2012.0,,2.0 4338,Three Philosophical Lessons for the Analysis of Criminal and Military Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.688298,"It has recently been suggested that philosophy – in particular, epistemology – has a contribution to make to the analysis of criminal and military intelligence. The present article pursues this suggestion, taking three phenomena that have recently been studied by philosophers, and showing that they have important implications for the gathering and sharing of intelligence, and for the use of intelligence in the determining ofstrategy. The phenomena discussed are: (1) Simpson's Paradox, (2) the distinction between resiliency and reliability of data, and (3) the Causal Markov Condition.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VDNVMUCG,2012-08-01,Christopher Mole,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:16:05Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.688298,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2115057179,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2115057179,2020.0,2023.0,2012.0,,8.0 4339,"Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders and Cover-Ups: Six Decades of Espionage",Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/412146/treachery-by-pincher-chapman/9781845968113,"In Treachery, noted intelligence authority Chapman Pincher makes a compelling case that Roger Hollis, head of MI5 from 1956 to 1965, was himself a double agent, acting to undermine and imperil the UK and America. Myriad intriguing case histories are portrayed, including that of Lt Igor Gouzenko, a Red Army cipher clerk whose 1945 disclosure of a mole in MI5 touched off the Cold War. With a mass of new evidence, some from Russian sources, Pincher also provides exciting new perspectives on other infamous operatives, including Kim Philby and Klaus Fuchs. Perhaps most explosively, Pincher posits that long after Hollis stepped down, a cover-up was perpetrated at the highest levels, even involving Margaret Thatcher, to conceal the truth for ever – a deception that continues today. Treachery warns us to protect our society and institutions from enemy infiltration in the future. It is a revelatory work that puts twentieth-century politics and war into stunning new relief.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E8A2S3KE,2011-05-05,Chapman Pincher,Penguin Books,,2024-01-30T11:05:27Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4340,Preventing Catastrophe: The Use and Misuse of Intelligence in Efforts to Halt the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction,Book,,"Preventing Catastrophe is written by two authors who are experienced ""Washington hands"" and who understand the interplay between intelligence and policymaking. Both have been personally involved, in the United States and overseas, in pursuing national and international measures to stop the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Their extensive experience is evident in this book, which puts the Iraqi WMD issue in proper perspective, explains the challenge of monitoring small clandestine programs, and explains how the effort to prevent terrorist acquisition and use of WMD differs from preventing their acquisition and use by nation states. At the same time, the authors are able to make a complex subject understandable to non-technical experts, making this book a useful teaching tool, especially for those who have little or no knowledge or experience in US national security decision making.""National intelligence and international inspections are necessary to create confidence that violations of non-proliferation commitments are detected in time to permit appropriate action. Both must be pursued with professionalism and critical minds avoiding poor intelligence or cosmetic inspections. The issues studied thoroughly and with good judgment in this welcome volume by Graham and Hansen were intensely controversial in the case of Iraq but remain central to international counter-proliferation efforts.""—Hans Blix, Executive Chairman of the Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5WJHGUT9,2009,"Keith A. Hansen, Thomas Graham Jr.",Stanford University Press,,2024-01-30T11:04:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4341,Intelligence for an Age of Terror,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/intelligence-for-an-age-of-terror/296354A56B0013A508989DF104B2D020,"During the Cold War, U.S. intelligence was concerned primarily with states; non-state actors like terrorists were secondary. Now the priorities are reversed and the challenge is enormous. States had an address, and they were hierarchical and bureaucratic. They thus came with some 'story'. Terrorists do not. States were 'over there', but terrorists are there and here. They thus put pressure on intelligence at home, not just abroad. The strength of this book is that it underscores the extent of the change and ranges broadly across data collection and analysis, foreign and domestic, as well as presenting the issues of value that arise as new targets require collecting more information at home.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NNMAD9KG,2009,Gregory F. Treverton,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-30T11:03:19Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1017/CBO9780511808708,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1489856979,59.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1489856979,2012.0,2026.0,2009.0,,3.0 4342,An Argument for Reflexivity in Intelligence Work,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.668077,"In general, so it is argued in this article, the intelligence community would benefit from an agenda of greater and more conscious reflexivity. This increased self-awareness should as a minimum be applied to the areas of collection, analysis and communication, and it should bring members of the intelligence community to habitually reassess both procedures and standards of their work. Such a process promises to improve analysis, reduce misunderstandings in communication and increase public trust in the intelligence community. It will, in short, help the intelligence community prepare for a turbulent future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RZME7PZE,2012-06-01,Flemming Splidsboel Hansen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T11:02:02Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2012.668077,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992997347,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992997347,2021.0,2024.0,2012.0,,9.0 4343,Strategic Value of African Tribal Art: Auction Sales Trends as Cultural Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.661648,"Military engagement of insurgents risks destruction of religious monuments and historic structures, and political and economic instability that follows armed conflict enables looting of antiquities. In combination, threats to cultural structures and movable cultural patrimony compromise cultural security. This article explores the potential of the art market for open-source intelligence assessments of cultural security. A comparison of the market value of artifacts of different ethnic origins provides a measure of the risk of looting of cultural patrimony by geographic region. Intelligence assessments of the relative desirability of cultural artifacts by region of origin can inform strategic planning to mitigate looting in conflict zones and to alert security services to emerging threats of trafficking in cultural patrimony.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WFEGACFG,2012-04-01,Erik Nemeth,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T08:18:17Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/02684527.2012.661648,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985594071,0.0,False,,,,2012.0,, 4344,"‘Secret Intelligences’ in European Military, Political and Diplomatic Theory: An Essential Factor in the Defense of the Modern State (Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries)",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.661647,"A representative sampling of 53 treatises onRe militari, diplomacy and theory of state that were published in Europe is analyzed in order to outline the role of secret intelligence in the direction of armies and the government during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The participation of spies, confidants and informers in the exercise of power, whether political, military or economic is a timeless constant, which is not at all anecdotal or marginal. We offer conclusions regarding the formalization of modern intelligence systems based on concepts as closely related as secrets, advice and deception, which configure the precursors of the systematic theory of contemporary intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5Y42ZIH2,2012-04-01,Diego Navarro Bonilla,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T08:17:48Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/02684527.2012.661647,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987187102,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987187102,2015.0,2026.0,2012.0,,3.0 4345,Fragile and Provocative: Notes on Secrecy and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.661644,"Students of international relations should seek to understand the ways in which power in international relations can be amplified by secrecy. Discussions of ‘decision advantage’ over rival states have explained information asymmetries and means for competitors to gain advantages by keeping secret their sources of information or the special insights they gain even from information that is widely available. The histories of war, diplomacy and intelligence illuminate such advantages, and also show various ways in which secrecy amplifies ‘action’ advantages as well as ‘information’ advantages. That amplification often seems to be accomplished by the same people and organizations, and this essay suggests the prime reason for this common institutional co-location of secret functions can be termed the ‘economy of secrecy’. The key to grasping this point is to set aside traditional and academic distinctions between knowledge and action, and information and implementation, when viewing the moves of sovereignties. Sovereign leaders opt to co-locate their secret activities when they judge it too risky (e.g. potentially expensive and dangerous) to distribute secret-information and secret-action functions around too many different offices. The handful of subordinates that receive these functions are what we now call ‘intelligence agencies.’ Finally, a firmer grasp of the economics of secrecy can improve oversight of secrets and the offices that deal with them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/87YYTKBC,2012-04-01,Michael Warner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T08:17:03Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.661644,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041315666,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041315666,2014.0,2025.0,2012.0,,2.0 4346,"Policing Uncertainty: Intelligence, Security and Risk",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.661642,"Today, the idea of risk is ubiquitous, a presence in debates across a range of fields, from investment banking to politics, from anthropology and sociology to health, environmental and cultural studies. While this ubiquity attests to the importance of the concept it is at the same time a potential weakness in that it injects the term into a wide range of debates in each of which its meaning can be subject to different emphases and meanings. The notion of risk is of obvious importance to security intelligence, but here too its ubiquity has had an impact on specificity of meaning. While the term is widely used in both the profession and study of intelligence, its usage can carry different meanings and it can be used interchangeably with linked terms. Given the importance of the idea of risk to intelligence, clarity of meaning is essential. This article sets out to consider the meaning of, and relationship between, uncertainty and risk in a security intelligence context, propose a framework on which a common understanding can be built, and illustrate how this can help in thinking about the nature and role of security intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QU5CN2VG,2012-04-01,Mark Phythian,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T08:16:22Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.661642,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974020032,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974020032,2013.0,2025.0,2012.0,,1.0 4347,Threat and Risk: What Is the Difference and Why Does It Matter?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.661641,"Since the events of 9/11 the terms ‘threat’ and ‘risk’ have entered the daily lexicon to a greater extent than ever before. News media report on changes to national threat assessments, commenting when the threat level rises from ‘Moderate’ to ‘Substantial’, in the case of the United Kingdom. The British government recently released a document that provided details of the issues that pose the highest risk to the national infrastructure. All of these are based, so we are told, on the work of the national intelligence agencies. But what are these indicators actually telling us and what is the relationship between threat assessments and risk assessments? These are both important questions because important decisions are made as a result of changes in these assessments. National defence and security planning is based upon perceived threats and risks. An entire risk management industry has grown up in the business world that covers everything from health and safety to financial risk. It is not only governments and businesses that base decisions on these indicators, but individuals as well. Tourists planning holidays in Europe were alarmed when the British, French and German governments increased their threat levels in response to intelligence that suggested that an attack against tourist sites in their respective capitals was imminent. Some will have changed their plans and travelled elsewhere, to the detriment of the tourist industry, while others will have chosen to defy the terrorists and travel anyway – potentially placing themselves in harm's way. With so much at stake, both nationally and individually, it is therefore important that we understand the difference between a ‘threat’ and a ‘risk’ and, as scholars of intelligence, the role that intelligence plays in assessing them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HWR3IYWT,2012-04-01,David Strachan-Morris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T08:15:57Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.661641,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048817407,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048817407,2013.0,2025.0,2012.0,,1.0 4348,Intelligence and Reflexivity: An Invitation to a Dialogue,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.661640,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W74JHSCZ,2012-04-01,Michael Warner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-30T08:15:26Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684527.2012.661640,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989927651,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989927651,2013.0,2024.0,2012.0,,1.0 4349,Maritime Security and Underwater Surveillance Technology: Lessons from the Cold War,Journal article,https://hdl.handle.net/10125/107691,"The global underwater acoustic surveillance network known as the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) allowed the US to identify Soviet submarines during the Cold War, and its history holds important lessons for the present. Submarines conducting military operations in the world's oceans are now the most active since the end of the Cold War. As undersea competition intensifies in the Indo-Pacific among the US, China, and Russia, acoustic surveillance systems are again gaining relevance. In addition, technological developments such as Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) have the potential to change military strategies dramatically. This article describes the ways that countries are responding to new challenges in the maritime domain. It argues that the experience of the Cold War shows that collaboration across industry, academia, and government, as well as cooperation among the US and its allies and partners, will be essential to tackling today’s rapidly changing strategic undersea environment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YPSMJIU2,2024-01-24,Mizuho Kajiwara,,Center for Indo-Pacific Affairs,2024-01-30T07:45:22Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4350,Why Israel Slept,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/israel/why-israel-slept-yadlin-evental,The war in Gaza and the search for security.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28FS25HR,2023-11-21,"Amos Yadlin, Udi Evental",,Foreign Affairs,2024-01-30T07:44:10Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4351,Out in the Open: U.S. GEOINT and OSINT in the Cold War 1946-1986,Thesis,https://www.proquest.com/docview/2918034188/abstract/4F868805031346B0PQ/1?sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses,"This thesis explores and describes the ways in which spaceborne and aerial reconnaissance platforms and open source intelligence together provided the U.S. with a distinct strategic advantage over the USSR in the Cold War. Comprising five chapters and three case studies, this thesis explores the multifaceted ways that geospatial and open source intelligence capabilities have shaped intelligence policy and supported the national interest. Beginning in the post-World War II era and concluding in 1986, geospatial power, the Foreign Broadcast Information Agency, the missile gap, the CORONA program, and the Strategic Defense Initiative comprise the bulk of this thesis’ scholarship. In highlighting for the reader the extent to which issues related to the growth of GEOINT and OSINT can be viewed as solutions to some of the most pervasive issues facing the Intelligence Community today, this thesis promotes the idea that operational security, innovation, and collaboration across agencies led directly to a paradigmatic shift in intelligence collection and analysis. This thesis delves into the evolution of geospatial power, revealing the particular ways in which the growth of such power contributed to policy and security. With case studies on the Sputnik moment, the conception and development of the U-2, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, this thesis provides robust evidence supporting the core argument. Furthermore, this thesis highlights how a historian of the era can address contemporary issues facing the USIC, such as machine learning, data analysis, and classification, thereby providing novel insight into how to deal with such issues today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z8UQGBZG,2024-03-01,Cooper-Morgan Bryant,,,2024-01-30T07:42:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Master's Thesis,Harvard University,,,,,,,,, 4352,The Secret Life of Bletchley Park: The History of the Wartime Codebreaking Centre by the Men and Women Who Were There,Book,https://www2.quartoknows.com/books/9781845136338/The-Secret-Life-of-Bletchley-Park.html,"The History of the Wartime Codebreaking Centre by the Men and Women Who Were There Bletchley Park has played a vital role in British history. This Victorian country house in the Buckinghamshire countryside was was where one of the war’s most famous – and crucial – achievements was made: the cracking of Germany’ s 'Enigma' code in which its most important military communications were couched. It was home to some of Britain’s most brilliant mathematical brains, such as Alan Turing, and the scene of immense advances in technology – indeed, the birth of modern computing. The military codes deciphered there were instrumental in turning both the Battle of the Atlantic and the war in North Africa. But, though plenty has been written about the boffins, and the codebreaking, fictional and non-fiction – from Robert Harris and Ian McEwan to Andrew Hodges’ biography of Turing – what of the thousands of men and women who lived and worked there during the war? What was life like for them – an odd, secret territory between the civilian and the military? This is the first oral history of life at Bletchley Park, an amazing compendium of memories from people now in their eighties – of skating on the frozen lake in the grounds (a depressed Angus Wilson, the novelist, once threw himself in) – of a youthful Roy Jenkins, useless at codebreaking, of the high jinks at nearby accommodation hostels – and of the implacable secrecy that meant girlfriend and boyfriend working in adjacent huts knew nothing about each other's work.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D85YE56G,2011-08-01,Sinclair McKay,Aurum Press Ltd,,2024-01-29T23:20:47Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4353,"The British Way in Cold Warfare: Intelligence, Diplomacy and the Bomb 1945-1975",Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/british-way-in-cold-warfare-9781441179951/,"By utilising the latest research, readers will be given a complete picture of the way Britain fought the Cold War, moving the focus away from the now familiar crises of Suez and Cuba and onto the themes that underpinned the British war strategy. Intelligence, civil defence and nuclear diplomacy are all examined within the context of modern British history at a time of national decline. There is a growing interest in the contexts of the Cold War and this collection will establish itself as the leading volume on the UK's wartime strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8ZFFS64E,2011-10-20,Matthew Grant,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-29T23:18:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4354,Stasi: Shield and Sword of the Party,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203018415/stasi-john-christian-schmeidel,"This book is a fascinating new examination of one of the most feared and efficient secret services the world has ever known, the Stasi. The East German Stasi was a jewel among the communist secret services, the most trusted by its Russian mother organization the KGB, and even more efficient. In its attempt at ‘total coverage’ of civil society, the Ministry for State Security came close to realizing the totalitarian ideal of a political police force. Based on research in archival files unlocked just after the fall of the Berlin Wall and available to few German and Western readers, this volume details the Communist Party’s attempt to control all aspects of East German civil society, and sets out what is known of the regime’s support for international terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s. STASI will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, German politics and international relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLYF27WR,2007-09-03,John Christian Schmeidel,Routledge,,2024-01-29T23:17:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.4324/9780203018415,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4238458419,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4238458419,2014.0,2024.0,2007.0,,7.0 4355,Into the Future: A Comment on Agrell and Warner,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.621610,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2CILYYX5,2012-02-01,David Omand,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:16:26Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.621610,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2164240941,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2164240941,2017.0,2025.0,2012.0,,5.0 4356,Reflections on Technology and Intelligence Systems,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.621604,"The impact of individual technological innovations on intelligence operations is often discussed, but the influence of technological change per se on intelligence systems remains less well understood. The historical literature on this topic is uneven – filled with detailed narratives on certain aspects, but also with surprisingly little attention to larger trends and their meaning. This is significant for two reasons. First, it means we have an incomplete understanding of what happened in the past, particularly for the ‘analog revolution’ in intelligence in the twentieth century. Second, it leaves us with few clues for understanding another wave of technological change washing over the intelligence profession at this time (a ‘digital revolution’). Looking at the second revolution in the light of the first can give us important clues to what to watch for in coming years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SVUZLRHE,2012-02-01,Michael Warner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:16:07Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2012.621604,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045430112,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045430112,2014.0,2026.0,2012.0,,2.0 4357,The Next 100 Years? Reflections on the Future of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.621601,"A growing interest in the history of intelligence might be a way to learn more about not only the past, but also the dynamics shaping the future of intelligence. Intelligence is an evolving activity and the twentieth-century experience must be regarded as a phase in an ongoing transformation of its institutions, methods and roles. At least six fundamental processes can be identified as relevant to this re-shaping of intelligence in long perspective; the decreasing hegemony of national intelligence, the rise of new fields of knowledge with intelligence relevance, the diminishing relative importance of exclusive sources and methods, the rise of new actors producing and providing intelligence, the loss of an intellectual monopoly in a competitive knowledge environment and finally an increasing demand for reliable assessments and verification in a fragmented world of information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AA9I9N4V,2012-02-01,Wilhelm Agrell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:15:48Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2012.621601,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036099789,22.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036099789,2015.0,2026.0,2012.0,,3.0 4358,What Difference Did It Make?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.619802,"Western governments counted on intelligence's assessments of Soviet military power, present and future. Initially these were mixtures of accuracy and exaggeration, with important effects on policy. Intelligence's quality subsequently improved, and Western defence procurement was kept in some contact with reality. Something of this may have been true on the Soviet side, in its much easier task of studying Western power. On the more important assessment of Soviet intentions, by contrast, Western intelligence was never able to develop reliable sources at the centre of the Soviet regime, and its contributions were secondary and confirmatory; while Soviet intelligence for its part selected and presented reports to emphasize the received views of Western hostility and threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8RD79NNB,2011-12-01,Michael Herman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:13:37Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.619802,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2116799021,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2116799021,2016.0,2021.0,2011.0,,5.0 4359,Chekists Look Back on the Cold War: The Polemical Literature,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.619800,"This article examines conspiracy theories about the history of the Cold War as presented in post-Soviet memoirs and other writings produced by former KGB officers. It focuses in particular on conspiracy theories positing an ongoing Western plot to destroy and humiliate Russia. The article explores the connections which these texts draw between national identity, morality, memory, and state security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T7QUUV5B,2011-12-01,Julie Fedor,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:13:03Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.619800,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042267425,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042267425,2014.0,2025.0,2011.0,,3.0 4360,Estimating Soviet Power: The Creation of Britain's Defence Intelligence Staff 1960–65,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.619799,"A defining theme of defence intelligence in the UK during the early Cold War was the Service Departments' resistance to the concept of integrated intelligence. This article explains how this capability was achieved only with the amalgamation of the three Service Departments within a unified Ministry of Defence with overarching strategic and financial authority. It offers a critical analysis of the 1960 Templer review of Service intelligence, the creation of the Defence Intelligence Staff in April 1964, and its further restructuring on a functional basis in August 1965 by the Secretary of State, Denis Healey.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AUKI9RJZ,2011-12-01,Pete Davies,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:12:46Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.619799,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982235437,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982235437,2012.0,2016.0,2011.0,,1.0 4361,Intelligence as Threats and Reassurance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.619798,"Intelligence's activities provoked feelings of threat in the adversary, and its capabilities provided reassurance for its own side. Fear of espionage (and associated covert action) was common to both sides. Intrusive technical collection had a similar effect, principally through the scale of Western operations around Soviet territory, and in overflights up to May 1960. On the other hand intelligence's capabilities provided reassurance for both sides in the mutually legitimized verification of the US-Soviet strategic arms control agreements. As the Cold War progressed they also increased Western governments' confidence that they would not be caught by a Soviet surprise attack, or by an overturning of the military balance of power. Yet for both sides the threat of the opponent's intelligence activities – the enemy within – remained the more important part of Cold War psychology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MMY7DTHS,2011-12-01,Michael Herman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:12:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.619798,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055510180,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055510180,2014.0,2020.0,2011.0,,3.0 4362,"Certainties, Doubts, and Imponderables: Levels of Analysis in the Military Balance",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.619797,"One way to explore the question of whether and how intelligence influenced the course of the Cold War is to review its impact within a defined arena of political–military activity. This paper investigates several areas in which intelligence analysis influenced the superpower strategic competition: forging of military doctrines, the design of weapons systems, and the progression of international crises. The analysis focuses on the United States case, where it finds cases in which US intelligence had beneficial effects but others in which intelligence performance proved more problematic in either shortening the Cold War or reducing its dangers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/44ZXD844,2011-12-01,John Prados,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:12:09Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2011.619797,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980961568,0.0,False,,,,2011.0,, 4363,Intelligence and the Risk of Nuclear War: Able Archer-83 Revisited,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.619796,"The study of the Cold War has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, with new critical perspectives, sources and debates. The nuclear history of the Cold War has begun to yield new insights on fundamental questions about the stability and dynamics of the confrontation. Recent evidence about the events of 1983 provides an opportunity to explore the risk of nuclear war and the role of misperception in Soviet–American relations during the ‘Second Cold War’. Central to this is the study of intelligence. This article examines episodes in the autumn of 1983, notably the Able Archer ‘crisis’ of November 1983. Attention focuses on aspects of Soviet, American and British intelligence. Political and diplomatic consequences are also considered. A principal aim is to emphasize that we are at an early stage in researching and understanding events, and that a number of assumptions about the crisis require further exploration. Broader lessons about the role of intelligence in the Cold War are nevertheless explored and provisional conclusions reached about the performances of intelligence agencies and communities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8U8DRAN5,2011-12-01,Len Scott,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:11:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.619796,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2009294146,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009294146,2014.0,2020.0,2011.0,,3.0 4364,Intelligence in the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.619795,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LTS6MJ4M,2011-12-01,Gwilym Hughes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:11:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.619795,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965094424,0.0,False,,,,2011.0,, 4365,Special Tasks and Sacred Secrets on Soviet Atomic Espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.604203,"A careful review of the depiction of Soviet atomic espionage provided in Pavel Sudoplatov's Special Tasks and Sacred Secrets by Jerrold and Leona Schecter demonstrates how faulty memories, Soviet intelligence agency disinformation, sloppy citations, misplaced trust in documents provided by unidentified sources under unexplained circumstances, and egregious lapses in logic and judgment can lead to conclusions unsupported by evidence. The accounts of Soviet atomic espionage in both books are neither reliable nor credible. In particular, the assertions that Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi, and Leo Szilard consciously cooperated with and assisted Soviet atomic intelligence are without credibility.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TSEQ43Q3,2011-10-01,"Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:09:49Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.604203,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030919272,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030919272,2013.0,2013.0,2011.0,,2.0 4366,"Eberstadt, Dulles and NSC 50: The Impetus for CIA Evolution through 1953",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.604200,"Despite outward appearances, the CIA's evolution between 1945 and 1953 was influenced by two objective investigations – the Eberstadt Task Force and Dulles Commission – and was accelerated, but not instigated, by the shock of the Korean War. The role of these two investigations, which ultimately resulted in NSC 50 and the establishment of the CIA as a viable member of the US intelligence community, has been overlooked in recent literature. While these panels played a critical role in shaping the CIA's organization during this period, the Truman administration never achieved its goal of establishing a truly ‘central’ intelligence organization. This article examines the formation of the CIA, discusses both reports, national policy changes enacted in response, and relevance to the US intelligence community's current operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2I7T3KI9,2011-10-01,Robert Daniel Wallace,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:09:21Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.604200,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024300507,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024300507,2015.0,2015.0,2011.0,,4.0 4367,National Security Intelligence in the United States: A Performance Checklist,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.604198,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2CFWTBU4,2011-10-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:08:52Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/02684527.2011.604198,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001787279,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001787279,2012.0,2026.0,2011.0,,1.0 4368,The Comandante in his Labyrinth: Fidel Castro and his Legacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.586541,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YG2LCC52,2011-08-01,"Hugo Abedul, R. Gerald Hughes",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:08:12Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.586541,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980800671,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980800671,2022.0,2024.0,2011.0,,11.0 4369,Intelligence and Strategic Culture: Some Observations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.580605,Intelligence and strategic culture are two important research domains which have only recently been linked. This contribution brings together some of the insights of the contributions in this special issue and it attempts to formulate some challanges for future research.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XIS3H6ZS,2011-08-01,Isabelle Duyvesteyn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:07:54Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.580605,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050937090,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050937090,2015.0,2026.0,2011.0,,4.0 4370,All that Glitters is Not Gold: The 1953 Coup against Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.580603,"The coup against Mossadegh has often been described as the beginning of the ‘Golden Age’ of the CIA. The article argues that, while the coup was successful in getting rid of Mossadegh, its negative short-term and long-term consequences in Iran but also for the United States weigh heavily. Without thorough analysis why it nearly failed, the coup became a fatal catalyst for other interventions of the CIA that led to the Bay of Pigs disaster. If intelligence activities lose their moral dimension and if success is exclusively measured by ‘mission accomplished’, in the end more will be lost than gained.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FZ8HUGRL,2011-08-01,Andreas Etges,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:07:28Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.580603,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1990683396,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1990683396,2013.0,2020.0,2011.0,,2.0 4371,Leaders and Intelligence,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Leaders-and-Intelligence/Handel/p/book/9780714640594,This volume studies the manner in which political leaders accept and apply intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B4JXW682,1989-01-02,Michael I. Handel,Routledge,,2021-05-17T22:48:41Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4372,Using intelligence,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529708432452,"Intelligence, in its applied form is a practical and service oriented occupation, whose sole raison d'etre is to facilitate political and military action and decision making. Most practitioners of intelligence will profess to agree with this point of view, but when observed, their practices will not always seem to uphold it. The central goal of intelligence should be to be of service, the hub of intelligence work should be the end user. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. (Quotes from original text)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5CKUCBWF,1997,Amos Kovacs,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-18T23:08:09Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684529708432452,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4237386227,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4237386227,2015.0,2016.0,1997.0,,18.0 4373,Security Intelligence and Human Rights: Illuminating the 'Heart of Darkness'?,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684520902756929,"Following some democratization of intelligence in the 1990s, the prosecution of the 'war on terror' since 9/11 has apparently reinforced the incompatibility of secret intelligence and respect for human rights. The primary reason for this is the changed perception of security risks in the context of a 'new' terrorism. The roles of law, rights and ethics in intelligence are discussed with reference to some of the more controversial intelligence activities: informers, interrogation, intelligence sharing, rendition and covert action. Re-invigorated oversight is necessary to protect human rights without hindering agencies' ability to maintain pubic safety.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XJNY5UZG,2009,Peter Gill,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684520902756929,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2142331696,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2142331696,2012.0,2025.0,2009.0,,3.0 4374,The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks: A Failure of Policy Not Strategic Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2011.559140,"The 9/11 terrorist attacks have been intensively examined as both tactical and strategic intelligence failures but less attention has been paid to the policy failures which preceded them. Perhaps this is due to the presumption that intelligence analysis influences decision-making as a precursor to and foundation for policy. This assumption about the influence of analysis on decision deserves a much closer examination. The 9/11 terrorist attacks provide a good case to study for greater understanding of the influence, or lack of influence, that intelligence analysis has on decision-making. Specifically, the 9/11 Commission Report identifies as a significant failure the lack of a National Intelligence Estimate on the terrorist threat between 1998 and 2001, and implies that if one had been produced it might have helped enable decision-makers to prevent the 9/11 attacks. In other words, a failure of strategic intelligence analysis lay at the foundation of the failure to prevent 9/11....",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IGQ27B22,2011,Stephen Marrin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'CZJ36V8L', 'D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2011.559140,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055981254,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055981254,2014.0,2026.0,2011.0,,3.0 4375,Sins of Omission and Commission: Strategic Cultural Factors and US Intelligence Failures During the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.580602,"American intelligence professionals have long understood that the US intelligence community is, and always has been, a closed and insular society, with each agency within the intelligence community taking pride in having its own unique bureaucratic identity, distinct corporate culture, operating environments, social dynamics, and internal behavior patterns that have been molded and shaped by external events and internal forces over the past 60 years. These ‘strategic cultural’ factors mean that the agencies comprising the US intelligence community are, in many respects, unique bureaucratic entities, operating far differently than comparable large American corporations and government agencies. These strategic cultural factors shape and define the environment within which the US intelligence agency works, dictate how American intelligence agencies perform their mission, and also help to explain why they repeatedly make the same mistakes and find it difficult to fix the longstanding problems which contributed to the failures. Within the context of the recent 9/11 and Iraqi weapons of mass destruction intelligence failures, this article explores the role played by these strategic cultural factors in helping to explain a series of historical intelligence failures by the US intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2GGY7QD6,2011-08-01,Matthew M. Aid,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:02:49Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.1080/02684527.2011.580602,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2315664822,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2315664822,2015.0,2026.0,2011.0,,4.0 4376,‘The Sharp End of the Intelligence Machine’: The Rise of the Malayan Police Special Branch 1948–1955,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.580601,"With a steady release of material into The National Archives (UK), scholarly interest in imperial and commonwealth history as well as the field of intelligence studies has grown. The Malayan Emergency continues to provide a wealth of material, particularly for those interested in counter-insurgency. Yet the colonial police, and by extension their intelligence branches, have received less attention. This article considers new evidence of the organizational changes that occurred and the discussions that took place between the Colonial Office, the Malayan Government, the Malayan Police and the wider intelligence community which led to a restructuring of the Malayan Police and its Special Branch. It charts the rise of the Malayan Police Special Branch during the early stages of the emergency and its disentanglement from CID, reflecting on how police reform was shaped as much by external agencies as by local considerations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3L4C5RBT,2011-08-01,Georgina Sinclair,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:02:28Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.580601,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2158727214,40.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2158727214,2012.0,2022.0,2011.0,,1.0 4377,"Hearts and Minds, Cultural Awareness and Good Intelligence: The Blueprint for Successful Counter-insurgency?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.580598,"Are a hearts and minds approach, reliable intelligence and cultural awareness the most important ingredients for success in counter-insurgency, as present prescriptions claim? This article focuses on some of the notable non-kinetic aspects of counter-insurgency and aims to critically reflect on their role and importance. It argues that the hearts and minds ideas, the emphasis on intelligence and cultural awareness are often problematic both for their methodological foundations and empirical weight. The article closes by identifying avenues for further research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KUWQ3H5E,2011-08-01,Isabelle Duyvesteyn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:01:41Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2011.580598,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046129918,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046129918,2012.0,2025.0,2011.0,,1.0 4378,Intelligence and Strategic Culture: Essays on American and British Praxis since the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.580597,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F82KWSER,2011-08-01,Joop Van Reijn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:01:16Z,"['NWAKWPT7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2011.580597,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058402437,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2058402437,2015.0,2022.0,2011.0,,4.0 4379,"The ‘War on Terror’, Law and the Defence of the State",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.571012,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q3P2UALR,2011-04-01,Michael G. Kearney,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:00:54Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2011.571012,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060101815,0.0,True,,,,2011.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_war_on_terror_law_and_the_defence_of_the_state/23395877, 4380,"‘Money Does Not Make Any Difference to the Opinions That We Hold’: India, the CIA, and the Congress for Cultural Freedom, 1951–58",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559325,"During the 1950s, the United States conducted both overt and covert propaganda activities in India. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru opposed these activities as encroachments upon Indian sovereignty. However, domestic opposition composed primarily of members of the Praja Socialist Party worked closely with US-backed groups, in particular the Indian Committee for Cultural Freedom, to generate a political alternative to the ruling Congress party. Although receiving covert money from the Americans, these Indians did not believe that foreign money determined or shaped their opinions. On the other hand, their close association with the Americans undermined their claims to represent a legitimate domestic opposition.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2MR4BCKP,2011-04-01,Eric D. Pullin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:00:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.559325,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054814361,39.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054814361,2012.0,2024.0,2011.0,,1.0 4381,Interdoc and West European Psychological Warfare: The American Connection,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559324,"Interdoc, or the International Documentation and Information Center, was established in The Hague in early 1963 in order to coordinate a transnational network of institutes active in the field of analysing trends in communist ideology and societies. The product of deliberations between intelligence agencies and the private sector in Western Europe during the late 1950s, Interdoc reflected a need to develop and project a European stance on Cold War issues separate from an all-dominant US influence. Yet the Americans were present from the beginning, and their involvement gradually increased over time. This article covers the details of this involvement and uses it to comment on how Interdoc represents an interesting case of inter-service cooperation in anti-communist activities in the West.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K445FTDI,2011-04-01,Giles Scott-Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T23:00:22Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.559324,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020430761,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020430761,2013.0,2026.0,2011.0,,2.0 4382,"A Difficult Compromise: British and American Plans for a Common Anti-Communist Propaganda Response in Western Europe, 1948–58",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559323,"The launch of the Western Union in 1948 and the creation of the NATO Information Service in 1950 were important steps in the coordination of the Western response to Soviet and Soviet-inspired propaganda campaigns. By examining how the British Information Research Department worked closely with the International Organizations Division of the CIA in shaping the foundation and early activities of these intergovernmental agencies, this article offers new insight into the role of national information agencies within international organizations and contributes to explaining why, in the early Cold War, the West struggled to produce a coherent and fully coordinated propaganda response to communism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NVZI5UTR,2011-04-01,Linda Risso,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:59:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.559323,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2149037251,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149037251,2012.0,2025.0,2011.0,,1.0 4383,"Too Little, Too Late: The CIA and US Counteraction of the Soviet Initiative in the Six-Day War, 1967",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559320,"The authors' previous research has established that the 1967 Arab–Israeli Six-Day War resulted from a deliberate Soviet plan to provoke Israel into a pre-emptive strike, which would legitimize and trigger a massive Soviet military intervention to aid an Egyptian–Syrian counteroffensive. However, US documents released until recently provided no evidence that the American intelligence community, and particularly the CIA, detected this threat or informed the political leadership about it – even though some indications were picked up at the field level. A newly declassified, retrospective report appears for the first time to show that there was awareness of major components of the Soviet operation (preparations for a naval landing and parachute drop). But closer scrutiny finds that this report reflects Soviet propaganda more than factual intelligence – thus further tarnishing what has hitherto been held as an outstanding achievement for the Agency and its chief.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HDXJKVFB,2011-04-01,"Isabella Ginor, Gideon Remez",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:59:05Z,['DHLN8GE4'],10.1080/02684527.2011.559320,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032197894,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032197894,2017.0,2023.0,2011.0,,6.0 4384,"The Pragmatic Face of the Covert Idealist: The Role of Allen Dulles in US Policy Discussions on Latin America, 1953–61",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559319,"Assessments of the CIA's role in Latin America during the 1950s have tended to focus predominantly on the twin case studies of Guatemala and Cuba. Consequently, the Agency's role – and, more broadly, that of its head Allen Dulles – has come to be seen as one obsessed with covert action and relatively unimportant in terms of policy discussions. Dulles, in fact, has been portrayed as an unwilling and disinterested participant in policy discussions. The present article will challenge those assertions by suggesting that, by examining Dulles's role in the Eisenhower administration's discussions on Latin America, a different picture emerges – one that paints Dulles as an active and rational participant, and which raises important questions for our understanding of the CIA's role during the Eisenhower era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AHDV852F,2011-04-01,Bevan Sewell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:58:51Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.559319,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093995238,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093995238,2012.0,2022.0,2011.0,http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33030/,1.0 4385,Approaches to Understanding the Inaugural CIA Covert Operation in Italy: Exploding Useful Myths,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559318,"The Italian election of April 1948 represented the first occasion on which the CIA intervened to influence events abroad. Understanding of the operation has been shaped by three dissimilar approaches that have been critical, celebratory, and stressed continuity. These approaches have, in turn, fuelled a series of useful myths around the episode. Agency declarations of greater ‘openness’ after the Cold War promised to advance historiographical debates on this – and other – interventions through the declassification of records, although proved a false dawn. This article offers an alternative method to analyse the case through a broader international frame of inquiry that considers CIA action in the context of both American and Italian efforts during the election. In so doing, it challenges the useful myths around 1948.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7GZMBHS9,2011-04-01,Kaeten Mistry,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:58:20Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2011.559318,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002261149,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002261149,2012.0,2023.0,2011.0,,1.0 4386,Getting CIA History Right: The Informal Partnership Between Agency Historians and Outside Scholars,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559143,"The common task of all historians is to endeavour to present history as accurately and objectively as possible despite gaps in the record or a paucity of evidence. Intelligence historians face particular challenges in making sense of what too often is history deliberately shrouded. Staff historians of the Central Intelligence Agency operate mostly in the secret world and yet rely on the fine work of ‘outside’ historians. There is in effect a largely unstated, certainly informal, but absolutely crucial partnership between CIA historians on the ‘inside’ and dedicated scholars on the ‘outside’. It is not too much to say, in fact, that accurate and objective history about the CIA is possible only through this informal partnership.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PE9YNXJ6,2011-04-01,Nicholas Dujmovic,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:58:07Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/02684527.2011.559143,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073242246,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073242246,2015.0,2020.0,2011.0,,4.0 4387,Recognising Politicization: The CIA and the Path to the 2003 War in Iraq,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559141,"The concept of ‘politicization’ of the US intelligence services, and in particular the CIA, has been debated by scholars for many years. However, it has also been easily dismissed by those investigating recent US foreign policy, as in the Robb-Silberman Commission's assurance over the 2003 Iraq War that ‘the Intelligence Community needs to be pushed’. This essay seeks an extension of the critique of politicization by considering the historical context since the formation of the CIA. It seeks an application of that critique by putting forth, when evaluating the policy and operations of the George W. Bush administration, the notion of an ‘alternative network’ within the government. The argument is that politicization must be linked to a conception of ‘Executive power’, both within the American bureaucracy and in the projection and rationalization of US aims overseas.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PHNHH2HA,2011-04-01,Scott Lucas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:57:17Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2011.559141,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980803630,14.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980803630,2016.0,2025.0,2011.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2011.559141?needAccess=true,5.0 4388,Transforming Analysis: The Intelligence Community's Best Kept Secret,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559138,This article argues that analytic practices and processes within the US intelligence community have undergone far more fundamental reform than the public or scholarly communities recognize. It identifies the dimensions of this ‘Analytic Transformation’ and explains the reasons for optimism about the future.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QBPC9ZUS,2011-04-01,Richard H. Immerman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:55:47Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2011.559138,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2052094709,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052094709,2012.0,2023.0,2011.0,,1.0 4389,"‘A Profoundly Disruptive Force’: The CIA, Historiography and the Perils of Globalization",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559139,"This essay argues that, since 1989, the CIA has been slow to understand the transformative impact of globalization upon its own activities as an intelligence agency. While the CIA spent considerable time examining global trends as part of its work on generalized strategic analysis, its thinking about how globalization would change its own business was less prescient. This problem is explained in terms of the way in which debates over the CIA have been framed historiographically. While intelligence studies as a subject has been successfully integrated into mainstream international history, it has failed to make the same connections with international relations. As a result, those debating how intelligence might change have tended to focus quite narrowly on matters of bureaucratic organization and have taken only limited interest in global politics. This is stark contrast to those working on the subject of terrorism and counter-terrorism, who have engaged in wider debates about world affairs. This needs to change, since the perils of globalization remain the over-arching challenge for the CIA over the next ten years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BGKKRALP,2011-04-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:55:19Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/02684527.2011.559139,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041463346,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041463346,2013.0,2020.0,2011.0,,2.0 4390,"The CIA and US Foreign Policy since 1947: Reforms, Reflections and Reappraisals",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559137,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/924YHWZH,2011-04-01,Kaeten Mistry,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:54:50Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2011.559137,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038235819,0.0,False,,,,2011.0,, 4391,"The ‘Talking Cure’: Intelligence, Counter-Terrorism Doctrine and Social Movements",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.556365,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IVG4V6Y5,2011-02-01,Allen Newton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:51:35Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684527.2011.556365,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024290870,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024290870,2017.0,2020.0,2011.0,,6.0 4392,The History of the Central Intelligence Agency and Congress,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.556364,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VJZNHPFH,2011-02-01,Joseph Wippl,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:51:16Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2011.556364,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2326190489,0.0,False,,,,2011.0,, 4393,"History, Memory and the Living Witness: The Vatican, the Holocaust and the Cold War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.556363,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9V8J9IUN,2011-02-01,Dianne Kirby,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:50:48Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2011.556363,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981256360,0.0,False,,,,2011.0,, 4394,Experimental Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.556361,"This article explores the use and application of experimental methodologies in intelligence analysis. Previous experimental work has much to tell us about how people process information in making judgments. Calibration, and how appropriate levels of confidence might be improved with systematic feedback, is addressed. Training around uncertainty biases is covered. Extant experimental work suggests mechanisms and tests which might be used to better screen potential analysts for personality characteristics that might make them more suited for some tasks over others. The paradigm of experimental manipulation serves as a useful template for exploring alternative conceptualizations of uncertain environments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3WC8ZWDJ,2011-02-01,Rose McDermott,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:50:18Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2011.556361,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4232306340,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4232306340,2017.0,2026.0,2011.0,,6.0 4395,Reflections on CIA Analysis: Is it Finished?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.556360,"Despite the CIA's improved analytical tradecraft and increased resources, the future of its analytic mission remains in doubt. Post-9/11 improvements have been coupled with a continued focus on current intelligence priorities that minimize attention to the development of strategic research and deeper knowledge. Simply increasing the number of analysts has not produced deeper expertise. The CIA's traditional recruitment and training methods, as well as its rewards and promotion system, encourage analysts to avoid concentrating on any single area of regional or functional expertise in favor of moving around the agency to build a successful career. A continued reliance on risk-avoidance security practices also restricts analysts' contact with non-government and foreign experts who often have needed political and cultural knowledge of intelligence topics. To rectify these inadequacies, the CIA's analytic directorate needs to develop incentives for analysts who wish to develop more strategic analysis and remove the security barriers to closer collaboration with experts outside the US government. Developing cross-agency analytic collaboration would also maximize expertise and would benefit from intelligence community-wide training programs similar to what the US military does at its senior service colleges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGVHQZNE,2011-02-01,Roger Z. George,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:49:47Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2011.556360,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066198611,34.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066198611,2014.0,2025.0,2011.0,,3.0 4396,The Formative Years of Canadian Foreign Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537883,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EWL8GPTU,2010-12-01,Timothy Andrews Sayle,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:45:46Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2010.537883,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2171244033,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 4397,"The British Far Right's South African Connection: A.K. Chesterton, Hendrik van den Bergh, and the South African Intelligence Services",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537879,"Utilising a new documentary source, namely correspondence between A. K. Chesterton (1899–1973), one of the most important figures of the post-war far right in Britain, and H. J. van den Bergh (1914–1997), the head of the South African Bureau of State Security (BOSS), this article presents a case study that leads to an enhanced understanding of the nature and workings of the overseas activities of the South African security apparatus during the 1960s, its allies and its targets. The article examines and evaluates the evidence presented in this correspondence regarding the covert operations of the South African secret services against anti-apartheid activists and other exiled ‘subversives’ based in Britain. It will demonstrate how the South African apartheid regime operated through an ideologically aligned far right proxy to physically disrupt anti-apartheid meetings and to monitor exiled dissidents, their activities and potential sources of finance, as well as exploring how Chesterton helped to refine van den Bergh's personal intellectual framework and his definition of the who and what stood behind ‘sabotage’ and ‘subversion’ in South Africa",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G3K8YNW4,2010-12-01,Graham Macklin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:45:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2010.537879,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010023451,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010023451,2015.0,2015.0,2010.0,,5.0 4398,Missing the Wake-up Call: Why Intelligence Failures Rarely Inspire Improved Performance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537876,"After major intelligence failures it is often asked why intelligence and security officials failed to heed the many ‘wake-up calls’ that had been provided by earlier failures and surprises. This article addresses this question by examining intelligence failures as ‘focusing events’, which is a concept used in the literature on government policy making to explain how disasters and crises can stimulate policy change and help organizations and decision-makers learn. It argues that in order for an intelligence failure such as a major terrorist attack to inspire improved intelligence performance – to be a true wake-up call – that failure must not only act as a focusing event to bring more attention to the threat, but it must also lead to increased intelligence collection and greater receptivity toward intelligence on the part of decision-makers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U4WANAD7,2010-12-01,Erik J. Dahl,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:44:38Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/02684527.2010.537876,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965385155,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965385155,2014.0,2026.0,2010.0,,4.0 4399,What's the Use of Cryptologic History?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537875,"Continued secrecy surrounding signals intelligence during the Cold War has profoundly distorted the historical record, making a full and accurate military, diplomatic, and presidential history of the last half century impossible for now. Not only history, but the ongoing intelligence enterprise itself, would be better served by significantly greater openness. This article is adapted from the Schorreck Memorial Lecture in Cryptologic History, presented by the author at the National Cryptologic Museum, Ft. Meade, Maryland, 24 May 2010, and the National Security Agency, 26 May 2010.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YEPTWLDB,2010-12-01,Stephen Budiansky,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:44:16Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2010.537875,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070435047,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 4400,Congressional Intelligence Oversight: The Electoral Disconnection,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537871,"This article seeks to reconcile congressional oversight models in theory with oversight realities in intelligence. For nearly three decades, political scientists have argued that Congress controls the bureaucracy – and in surprisingly efficient ways. Yet the history of intelligence oversight suggests the opposite. We take a fresh look at the logic and empirics of police patrol and fire alarm models and find that neither explains intelligence oversight well. Both rely on assumptions, such as the presence of strong and plentiful interest groups, which characterize domestic policy but not US intelligence policy. Our data – comparing committee hearing activities, legislative productivity, and interest groups across different policy domains between 1985 and 2005 – reveal that oversight varies dramatically by policy issue, and that intelligence almost always ranks at the bottom. Ironically, the same electoral incentives that generate robust oversight in some policy areas turn out to be far weaker in intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SDIJKMR3,2010-12-01,"Amy Zegart, Julie Quinn",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:44:01Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2010.537871,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2148335365,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2148335365,2012.0,2025.0,2010.0,,2.0 4401,"From Combined Arms to Combined Intelligence: Philosophy, Doctrine and Operations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537870,"‘Combined arms’ operations have been a central tenet of military planning for nearly a century. They call for the integration of land, air and sea forces to achieve battlefield synergies. This philosophy has equal application to intelligence. The article advances the combined arms concept as a way to foster synergies across the intelligence disciplines – geospatial, signals, measures and signals, human, and most recently open source intelligence. It describes the strengths and weaknesses of each discipline in forming an analytical foundation for such a ‘combined intelligence’ and calls for developing theory to integrate the intelligence disciplines. The authors suggest that combined intelligence would confer several benefits, including more effective collection efforts and stronger countermeasures against adversary denial and deception. The article closes by calling for development of concepts and doctrine to put combined intelligence into practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T2KHJFPK,2010-12-01,"James J. Wirtz, Jon J. Rosenwasser",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:43:42Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2010.537870,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008721670,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008721670,2015.0,2025.0,2010.0,,5.0 4402,New Sources for the Study of Iraqi Intelligence during the Saddam Era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537033,The US Department of Defense (DOD) has made available to scholars a significant collection of documents captured from the files of the Saddam-era Iraqi intelligence services. DOD is also studying ways in which further such documents can be released. These documents paint a picture in many ways reminiscent of the intelligence services of the totalitarian Soviet Union. These and forthcoming documents may enable important research on Iraq and on the role of intelligence services in totalitarian states. One newly available document gives the Iraqi General Military Intelligence Directorate's assessment of Iran on the eve of the Iran–Iraq War.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z7D6HJLQ,2010-08-01,"Kevin M. Woods, Mark E. Stout",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T22:42:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2010.537033,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994811929,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994811929,2014.0,2020.0,2010.0,,4.0 4403,Bureaucratic Resistance to International Intelligence Cooperation – The Case of Europol,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537028,"This article analyses the gap between government ambitions and actual outcomes in the case of European counter terrorism intelligence cooperation. Specifically, it investigates why Europol has not managed to live up to its tasks despite outspoken government support. Drawing on rational choice institutionalism, the study suggests why bureaucrats might be motivated to resist calls for international cooperation. By examining the process by which Europol has developed as an actor in the counter terrorism field, this article shows how development in the field of intelligence cooperation is not exclusively the reflection of government preferences. It concludes by suggesting that scholars could gain greater insight from a less state centric approach to the study of intelligence. In addition, the article suggests that policy makers cultivate a greater familiarity with bureaucratic factors and that they continually work with those factors in mind.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IGTHFAZ5,2010-08-01,Björn Fägersten,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T15:26:22Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2010.537028,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1986473393,47.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986473393,2012.0,2026.0,2010.0,,2.0 4404,The History of the British Security Service,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.490368,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I6HK4P9Y,2010-06-01,Harry Chapman Pincher,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T15:18:23Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2010.490368,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2104429996,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 4405,Pakistan: Weathering the Storm,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.490362,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4EFCJWPA,2010-06-01,Iftikhar H. Malik,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T15:17:58Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2010.490362,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2147156907,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2147156907,2013.0,2013.0,2010.0,,3.0 4406,Darker Corners: Less Familiar Aspects of Spying,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.493316,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H7QKY9L4,2010-06-01,Matthew Brazil,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T15:17:39Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2010.493316,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2116108530,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 4407,"Out of Africa? The Gallimberti Affair and Anglo-Italian Relations, 1949–1950",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.489783,"The Peace Treaty of 1947 required Italy to renounce sovereignty over its former colonies. Italy and Britain, although NATO allies, bitterly disputed the disposition of Tripolitania and Eritrea. The Italian government sent agents to Tripoli and Asmara to influence local populations in favour of its policy of independence for both regions. The agents ran espionage operations: developing networks of agents, purloining documents, bribing officials, and channeling illegal funds to local political parties. Dr Matteo Gallimberti, the Italian agent in Tripoli, faced accusations that he was embezzling funds. After he committed suicide in January 1950, local British military authorities discovered the full range of his illegal activities. Rather than publicly embarrass the Italian government, British Foreign Office officials coerced concessions from the Italian government in exchange for keeping the potential scandal concealed. The affair demonstrates the fractious nature of Anglo-Italian relations within the framework of the NATO alliance and the respective foreign policy-making elites' differing and self-interested approaches to development and security issues in Africa.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KRV6CH6L,2010-06-01,G. Bruce Strang,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T15:01:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2010.489783,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045962070,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 4408,An Extraordinary Rendition,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.489277,"Controversy over alleged CIA responsibility for the 1961 assassination of Congolese leader Patrice Lumumba continues to swirl despite a negative finding by the US Senate Church Committee in 1975. A new analysis of declassified and other Church Committee, CIA and State Department documents, memoirs of US and Belgian covert operators, and author interviews with former executive branch and Church Committee officials shows that the CIA Congo Station Chief was an influential participant in the Congo Government's decision to ‘render’ Lumumba to his bitter enemies. Moreover evidence strongly suggests the Station Chief withheld his advance knowledge of Lumumba's fatal transfer from Washington policymakers, who might have blocked it. Flaws in the Church Committee's verdict are traced to CIA delays in providing key cables, staff overreliance on lawyers' methodology, and political pressure to water down original draft conclusions. What happened in Lumumba's case provides insight into the contemporary problem of establishing accountability in US anti-terrorist programs. Current rendition policies are also characterized by ambiguous performance standards for covert operators on the ground and difficulty in pinpointing US responsibility within the intimate relationship between the CIA and foreign government clients. The Church Committee's experience clarifies the conditions for meaningful outside regulation of anti-terrorism operations today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4NHA93MD,2010-04-01,Stephen R. Weissman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T15:00:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2010.489277,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2150016929,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2150016929,2012.0,2021.0,2010.0,,2.0 4409,Confessing Secrets: Secret Communication and the Origins of Modern Science,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.489275,"During the Renaissance there was an explosion of interest in secret communication when political intrigue and war intersected with new scientific developments. This article shows how leaders of the Scientific Revolution who espoused openness in science, reconciled that ethos with the need for secrecy in affairs of state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8VLC5NGV,2010-04-01,Kristie Macrakis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T14:59:41Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/02684527.2010.489275,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065475223,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065475223,2012.0,2024.0,2010.0,,2.0 4410,Dangerous Patriots: Washington's Hidden Army during the American Revolution,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.489272,"How did George Washington's intelligence networks during the American Revolution operate in a more open and proficient manner than their British counterparts? British and American forces developed competing understandings of intelligence gathering. Both used spies to obtain information. Washington, however, guided his intelligence officers to avoid monopolizing information and maintain their own tools of communication that did not require him to approve all the Rebels' covert operations or read through innumerable reports. Relying on his spies to develop their own roles of intelligencer far outside his direct command, Washington gave his spies more autonomy, while being able to overlap more sources. This allowed him to overcome the limitations of his forces. A close reading of the messages between Washington and his covert agents demonstrates that his intelligence system became an essential arm in molding the Americans partisan style asymmetrical strategy. This laid the groundwork for Washington to formulate intelligence gathering as an important tool in presidential power.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/47KVED3R,2010-04-01,Sean Halverson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T14:58:02Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/02684527.2010.489272,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2161875622,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2161875622,,,2010.0,, 4411,US Blunders in Iraq: De-Baathification and Disbanding the Army,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684521003588120,In May 2003 Paul Bremer issued CPA Orders to exclude from the new Iraq government members of the Baath Party (CPA Order 1) and to disband the Iraqi Army (CPA Order 2). These two orders severely undermined the capacity of the occupying forces to maintain security and continue the ordinary functioning of the Iraq government. The decisions reversed previous National Security Council judgments and were made over the objections of high ranking military and intelligence officers. The article concludes that the most likely decision maker was the Vice President.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BQFS48TI,2010-02-01,James P. Pfiffner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T14:55:03Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684521003588120,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996800382,35.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996800382,2012.0,2025.0,2010.0,https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1548083,2.0 4412,Intelligence Learning and Adaptation: Lessons from Counterinsurgency Wars,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684521003588112,"Critics of US intelligence focus extensively on the alleged inability and unwillingness of intelligence agencies to learn and adapt. Analysis of eight counterinsurgency wars suggests instead that external factors largely influence the intelligence-related performance of whole governments, including organizational structures, unity of effort and command, adequacy of resources, and leadership quality. Assessment of the performance of US intelligence since 9/11 indicates that the same variables influence the performance of US intelligence, suggesting that the US intelligence reform debate focuses too narrowly and on the wrong factors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9T7A72GW,2010-02-01,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T14:54:45Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684521003588112,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2035742375,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2035742375,2013.0,2026.0,2010.0,,3.0 4413,Congressional Oversight of Intelligence: Is the Solution Part of the Problem?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684521003588104,"After presenting evidence that the current system of congressional oversight of intelligence is failing, this article analyzes how the system has been undermined by a toxic combination of problems: the intelligence committees' inherent informational disadvantage in relation to the executive branch, the jurisdictional morass in which the committees must operate and their own internecine partisanship. The article discusses a range of specific changes that could be made, but concludes that the critical ingredient in strengthening the oversight system is to emphasize the development of strong, nonpartisan committee leadership.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NTQY9JCE,2010-02-01,Jennifer Kibbe,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T14:53:14Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684521003588104,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055924103,24.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055924103,2014.0,2025.0,2010.0,,4.0 4414,"The Fonds de Moscou, TICOM, and the Nerve of a Spy",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903320477,"Two newly available sources for World War II intelligence history consist of French pre-war mainly intelligence documents held for years in the Soviet Union and recently returned to France and of German pre-war documents, primarily cryptologic, held for years in the United Kingdom and recently restituted to the Federal Republic. In addition, a memorandum of 1930 reveals that the future spy Hans-Thilo Schmidt frequently visited the factory making the Enigma machine and coolly asked the manufacturer for basic details, which they gave him and which he later sold to the French, leading eventually to the Allied reading of Engima-enciphered messages during World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GZE56TYE,2009-12-01,David Kahn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:57:32Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684520903320477,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081727630,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081727630,,,2009.0,, 4415,"Is it a Pearl or a Kidney Stone? Intelligence Reform and Embassy Reporting, from Moscow to Baghdad",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903320436,"A July 1990 cable from the US Embassy in Moscow that anticipated the collapse of the Soviet Union is a case study for an analysis in this article that seeks to make three points: 1) major failures in intelligence analysis are more likely to result when all elements of the intelligence community speak with one voice than when they disagree; 2) embassy reporting can play an essential role independent of that of the intelligence community in shaping Washington thinking about international events, but a variety of developments have made this increasingly difficult; 3) probability analysis plays too great a role in intelligence products and risk management too little.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S3HDUBQU,2009-12-01,Raymond F. Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:57:07Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520903320436,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056315228,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056315228,,,2009.0,, 4416,"Intelligence-led Peacekeeping: The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), 2006–07",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903320410,"In the slums of Haiti, where pistol and machete wielding gangs dominated the populace through murder, intimidation, extortion, and terror, a UN peacekeeping mission managed to established law, order, and government control. The United Nations Mission for the Stabilization of Haiti (MINUSTAH) succeeded by ‘taking on’ the gangs in a series of military and police ‘search and arrest’ operations in 2006–07. The achievement was made possible by thorough ‘intelligence preparation of the environment’. This paper tells the story of the ‘intelligence-led’ military–police–civil operations and how they transformed the Haitian slum of Cité Soleil from a foreboding place inaccessible to police for years to one in which the UN workers could safely walk its streets. The functions, structures, problems and challenges of the mission's intelligence capability are described, especially the work of the Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). Human intelligence proved to be key, while technologies helped considerably. Within the United Nations, intelligence remains a controversial and sensitive matter but the Haiti mission provides a valuable model of how to gather and use actionable intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D5N54XNL,2009-12-01,A. Walter Dorn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:56:52Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520903320410,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003331116,104.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003331116,2012.0,2026.0,2009.0,,3.0 4417,"J.C. Masterman and the Security Service, 1940–72",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903320386,"The significance of J.C. Masterman's relationship with the Security Service, MI5, has not been fully appreciated. As a junior officer during World War II, he consistently sought to achieve good working relations with the Secret Intelligence Service. After the war he continued to take an interest in the Security Service and worked closely with other MI5 elder statesmen to ensure that the successor to Percy Sillitoe as Director-General came from within the Service. Masterman always hoped that his account of the double agents run by British Intelligence during World War II would one day be published. As the public image of the British secret services deteriorated during the 1960s, Masterman believed that MI5 did not grasp how his book could promote its interests, and so he insisted on forcing through publication anyway. The correspondence from serving and former MI5 officers in Masterman's papers vividly illustrate changing attitudes to official secrecy and the declining ability of the British Government to enforce it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHNBN2Y2,2009-12-01,E.D.R. Harrison,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:56:38Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520903320386,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055947762,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055947762,2014.0,2016.0,2009.0,,5.0 4418,All Eyes on Iran: The Nuclear Ambitions of a People and a President,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903209498,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2CK5N6I7,2009-10-01,Rasmus Christian Elling,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:54:47Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520903209498,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086734425,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086734425,2016.0,2016.0,2009.0,,7.0 4419,Connecting Intelligence and Theory: Intelligence Liaison and International Relations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903209456,"Intelligence liaison increased exponentially during the so-called ‘War on Terror’. Today it continues as the most significant dimension of intelligence, including impacting on accountability and oversight considerations. Nevertheless, the intelligence liaison phenomenon remains largely under-studied and substantially under-theorized. In this article, preliminary suggestions are offered concerning how this dearth of theory can be addressed. Firstly, the relevance of international relations theory and other bodies of theory, together with significant approaches concerning how international relations – extending to how intelligence and intelligence-related phenomena (such as, in this article, intelligence co-operation) – can be studied, are explored. These theories, and equally, approaches, are arguably most appropriate when deployed in an arrangement of ‘complex co-existence plurality’ across the different interrelated levels of experience and analysis, and they offer more effective explanations when intelligence liaison is disaggregated into at least eight systemic attributes or variables. More broadly, the suggestion that international relations theory, and indeed theory generally, is ‘irrelevant’ to intelligence studies is simultaneously challenged.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D3R7EEFX,2009-10-01,Adam D.M. Svendsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:53:43Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684520903209456,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978556890,29.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978556890,2013.0,2026.0,2009.0,,4.0 4420,Colin Davidson's British Indian Intelligence Operations in Japan 1915–23 and the Demise of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903209431,"Colin Davidson was the British consular official in Japan during and after World War I delegated to run intelligence operations in the country on behalf of the British Indian security authorities. Davidson's original target, Indian revolutionaries based in Japan, soon expanded to include their clandestine links to powerful Japanese political patrons, violating the spirit of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902–23). Davidson's expertise on Japan, combined with intelligence on Japanese ultranationalist support of Indian independence, proved crucial for confirming suspicions about secret Japanese intent against the British Empire, contributing to the decision not to renew the Alliance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RVE2I8AU,2009-10-01,Max Everest-Phillips,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:53:15Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684520903209431,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043994435,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043994435,2014.0,2015.0,2009.0,,5.0 4421,Decolonization and the Challenges of Independence in Modern Algeria,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903069538,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TB6G3WEI,2009-08-01,J. N.C. Hill,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:50:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684520903069538,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003733548,0.0,False,,,,2009.0,, 4422,The Challenges of Intelligence Sharing in Romania,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903069504,"The twenty-first century's security environment has triggered a phenomenon of ‘proliferation’ of intelligence and security cooperation, both domestically and internationally. After the ousting of the communist regime (whose intelligence system served the regime) in 1989, Romania embarked upon democratic reform of its new intelligence system (including strengthening cooperation), to better tackle the current security challenges. This has been a rather onerous process, yet worthwhile: Romania's intelligence is presently cooperating well with national and international partners, to counter national, regional, and global security threats. This paper assesses Romania's efforts in developing intelligence cooperation, after the demise of the communist regime.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EUFSP34T,2009-08-01,Florina Cristiana (Cris) Matei,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:49:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684520903069504,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974824749,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974824749,2012.0,2021.0,2009.0,,3.0 4423,The Singapore Mutiny (1915) and the Genesis of Political Intelligence in Singapore,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903069462,"This paper describes how political intelligence evolved in Singapore and the establishment for the first time of a political intelligence bureau, the forerunner of the Singapore Police Special Branch and the present-day Internal Security Department (ISD). It is an example of British imperial practice as the early roots of intelligence in Singapore owed much to the experience gained earlier in British India in dealing with intelligence matters. The establishment of an intelligence bureau in Singapore came about as a direct result of the Singapore Mutiny (15 February 1915), and in the following year the newly-established bureau was renamed the Criminal Intelligence Department and absorbed into the Straits Settlements Police. In September 1933, it became the Singapore Special Branch, the forerunner of present-day Singapore's Internal Security Department.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5ETJX9Y4,2009-08-01,Leon Comber,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:49:04Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684520903069462,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027886878,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027886878,2017.0,2022.0,2009.0,,8.0 4424,Organizational Culture and US Intelligence Affairs,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903069413,"Both US intelligence officials and intelligence studies scholars claim that ‘organizational culture’ is a cause of ‘intelligence failure’ and the proper locus of post-9/11 intelligence reform efforts. This essay uses a postmodern perspective to demonstrate how the dominant discourse of ‘organizational culture’ shapes stakeholders' understandings of accountability and what constitutes necessary, correct, or effective intelligence reform. By exploring institutional struggles over the meanings of ‘culture’ and ‘accountability’, this essay calls for reconsideration of the ways US intelligence officials and intelligence studies scholars talk about ‘organizational culture’ vis-à-vis post-9/11 intelligence reform.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/38TNWA7W,2009-08-01,Hamilton Bean,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:14:18Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/02684520903069413,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050516797,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050516797,2012.0,2025.0,2009.0,,3.0 4425,Documenting the History of Intelligence History,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903135057,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/62X5CK5W,2009-06-01,Michael Warner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:12:30Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/02684520903135057,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983589050,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983589050,2016.0,2016.0,2009.0,,7.0 4426,"The Schlesinger Report: Its Place in Past, Present and Future Studies of Improving Intelligence Analysis",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903037006,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KEU6IIZU,2009-06-01,Glenn Hastedt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:11:58Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520903037006,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058268632,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2058268632,2014.0,2022.0,2009.0,,5.0 4427,How Many Schlesingers Would it Take to Change a Light-Bulb?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903036982,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7F2CTPVG,2009-06-01,David Omand,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:11:46Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520903036982,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2171319360,0.0,False,,,,2009.0,, 4428,"Reading the Riot Act: The Schlesinger Report, 1971",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903036974,"The difficulty of satisfying competing needs of both national and sub-national officials and commanders for intelligence support capabilities that are too sensitive and expensive to duplicate for both sets of requirements emerged with the growth of industrial-scale imagery and signals intelligence assets and production during the Cold War. The literature of intelligence history and intelligence studies covers the symptoms of this problem, but says less a rigorous and well-documented nature on its causes. Thanks to recent declassifications in the United States, however, we can now read key documents in an American attempt to understand and deal with the dilemma. A study prepared for President Richard Nixon in 1971 and now dubbed the ‘Schlesinger Report’ has been published virtually intact by the US Department of State. In addition, the Central Intelligence Agency has released two official histories which indirectly have added significant detail to the story. With these new releases, it is now possible to explain the genesis of the Report and chart its effects through the remainder of President Nixon's presidency. The Schlesinger Report marked a watershed for the intelligence community, helping the Nixon Administration to conceive and enact reforms that were both consequential in themselves and presaged the findings of later surveys and inquiries. A better understanding of the Report's background, text, and results can shed light not only the policymaking process in the Nixon Administration but also the trajectory of the intelligence community – and of foreign intelligence establishments that may, in some respects, be following in its path.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QFYLUNGL,2009-06-01,Michael Warner1,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:11:28Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520903036974,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069358141,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069358141,2014.0,2025.0,2009.0,,5.0 4429,Information Sharing for Infrastructure Risk Management: Barriers and Solutions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903036925,"There is a public interest in ensuring that infrastructure systems are appropriately protected and prepared for disruptions. While infrastructure protection is usually viewed as a public responsibility, infrastructure risk management actually requires a high degree of cooperation between the public and private sectors, particularly in the sharing of information about risks to infrastructure. Discussions with Chief Security Officers across sectors of the US economy reveal the complexity of the task, as they describe at length the private sector's requirements of multiples types of information about a range of potential threats. While the US government has established many mechanisms for sharing information, barriers remain that inhibit both the private and public partners from obtaining the information needed to protect infrastructure. Overcoming these barriers requires new thinking about the intelligence generation process, the mechanisms and practices upon which the process relies, and the responsibilities of those in the private sector who participate in it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4XX5DCNZ,2009-06-01,"Henry H. Willis, Genevieve Lester, Gregory F. Treverton",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:11:01Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684520903036925,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067576250,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067576250,2012.0,2024.0,2009.0,,3.0 4430,The Eisenhower Administration and Psychological Warfare,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902826623,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3MNS9JDU,2009-04-01,Sarah-Jane Corke,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:08:22Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520902826623,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972898064,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972898064,2014.0,2014.0,2009.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684520902826623?needAccess=true,5.0 4431,Intelligence Lessons in Macbeth,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902819701,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HDFHS6WF,2009-04-01,David Kahn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:07:49Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684520902819701,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2148295490,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2148295490,2017.0,2020.0,2009.0,,8.0 4432,The Future of Civil–Military Intelligence Cooperation Based on Lessons Learned in Iraq,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902819669,"As part of the infrastructure for monitoring the movements of Private Security Companies (PSCs) in Iraq, a unique intelligence interface has been constructed to enhance cooperation between the military and PSCs. Using a wide range of existing intelligence-sharing agreements and guidelines for handling classified information, PSC contractors working with the US military have been able to provide unclassified intelligence products to the wider PSC community. Using lessons learned in Iraq as a contractor building this interface, the author explains how institutional difficulties were overcome and argues that the US military should be better prepared to share intelligence with the wide range of organizations it can expect to work with in future unconventional warfare or nation-building operations. Some of the lessons learned in Iraq can also be applied to the US Department of Homeland Security's Regional Fusion Centers, where many of the same difficulties with intelligence-sharing and integration with commercial organizations are being encountered.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BGKH427W,2009-04-01,David Strachan-Morris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:07:30Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520902819669,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041444566,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041444566,2017.0,2020.0,2009.0,,8.0 4433,Is the Department of Homeland Security an Intelligence Agency?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902819644,"The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) applies a variation of the intelligence cycle – the process of planning, collecting, processing, analysis, and dissemination of information characteristic of intelligence agencies – to mitigate the risk of terrorist attack and respond to national security breaches. The intelligence cycle helps DHS encourage voluntary security measures, serve its customers, and avoid economic disruption, but the Department's program setbacks and failures illustrate the difficulty of applying the intelligence model to the needs of homeland security. The Department's particular means of producing intelligence and information challenge the conventional conception and definitions of the intelligence cycle.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TYFQ3W6K,2009-04-01,Harold M. Greenberg,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:06:41Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684520902819644,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093770232,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093770232,2015.0,2021.0,2009.0,,6.0 4434,On Estimating Post-Cold War Enemy Intentions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902819610,"In the winter 1978 issue of International Security, Raymond L. Garthoff authored a seminal article outlining common fallacies in United States government estimates of enemy intentions during the Cold War. Now, given the significant changes in threat over the past 30 years, it seems appropriate to take a fresh look at fallacies – evaluating old ones and introducing new ones – in enemy intentions estimates pertaining to post-Cold War (and post-9/11) security dangers. Based on its assessment, this article concludes that the challenges to accurate intelligence assessment of enemy intentions, and the need to move away from dysfunctional standard operating procedures, have never been higher.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H2BRU7RQ,2009-04-01,Robert Mandel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:06:20Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520902819610,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089552801,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089552801,2015.0,2024.0,2009.0,,6.0 4435,"The Viennese Connection: Engelbert Broda, Alan Nunn May and Atomic Espionage",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902819594,"Recently declassified materials have revealed the existence of a previously unknown network of Austrian communists in pre-war England. The group of young well-educated Viennese used unsuspecting social contacts and marriages of convenience to establish itself. Analysis of this network reveals some previously overlooked similarities between the ‘Cambridge’ spies Kim Philby and Alan Nunn May, as well as the emergence of a new nuclear spy, Engelbert Broda. Their wartime espionage as individuals took place at a time when non-communist British scientists were promoting the international sharing of atomic knowledge through unofficial channels. The newly released files reflect a characteristic preference of the British secret services for intelligence gathering rather than intervention and illustrate how vital leads follow from apparently trivial observations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VJYLQBI2,2009-04-01,Andrew Brown,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:06:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520902819594,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027033422,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027033422,2012.0,2025.0,2009.0,,3.0 4436,"From Saigon to Baghdad: The Vietnam Syndrome, the Iraq War and American Foreign Policy",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902757018,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QXLZNQJZ,2009-02-01,Andrew Priest,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:05:38Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520902757018,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043886145,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043886145,2015.0,2023.0,2009.0,,6.0 4437,"Rise, Fall and Regeneration: From CIA to EU",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902756937,"The rise of the CIA and its Cold War analytical successes provided Europe with a model of how a federal polity might conduct foreign intelligence. The shortcomings and recent decline of the CIA are instructive, too, and have the additional effect of adding urgency to the need for the European Union to develop its own intelligence capability. Lessons of possible relevance have to do with, inter alia, the advantages of centralization, the politicization of intelligence, the interaction of covert action with analysis, the phenomenon of competitive estimates, and the need for proactive parliamentary oversight. But the prospects for the development of EU foreign intelligence are for the time being blighted by nationalism, not least in the case of the British, and by the relative immaturity of EU constitutional arrangements.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FQXD6XFX,2009-02-01,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:03:44Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684520902756937,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082647142,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082647142,2013.0,2019.0,2009.0,,4.0 4438,"‘The Internationalism of Islam’: The British Perception of a Muslim Menace, 1840–1951",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902756820,"This article assesses British perceptions of a Muslim menace to imperial security between 1840–1951. These ideas had a long life. They rarely stood in the first rank of imperial concerns, but sometimes in the second. Over this period, British ideas of an Islamic menace focused first on the political self-consciousness of all Muslims than on subterranean bodies which tried to bind masses and elites for political ends, and moved to nationalist movements with a narrow popular base, and finally to those with a mass base. Between 1915 and 1924, fear of a pan-Islamic menace significantly affected British strategic and imperial policy. These ideas involved the interaction of observation, intelligence, perception, learning, fear, ignorance and uncertainty. Their study illuminates the evolution both of British intelligence and of its ideas about the political self-consciousness of its subjects, and the threat that posed to its rule, particularly about the nature and power of colonial nationalism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FTH358L7,2009-02-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:01:17Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520902756820,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018329268,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018329268,2013.0,2022.0,2009.0,,4.0 4439,Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century: Change and Continuity or Crisis and Transformation?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902756796,"This article outlines and explores some recent changes that have taken place in the practice and organization of western intelligence. American concern with organizational reform of its intelligence community is outlined and contrasted. Other transatlantic comparisons are made, in particular concerning debates about intelligence and human rights. The legacy of British experience in Northern Ireland for attitudes to torture and preservation of the rule of law is examined. The British experience of ‘talking to terrorists’ is also explored. Prospects for, and expectations of, the future, including the likelihood of catastrophic terrorism are discussed. The argument is made that the ‘War on Terror’ is a ‘battle of ideas’ and values.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CQ3AU495,2009-02-01,"Len Scott, R. Gerald Hughes",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-29T11:00:17Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520902756796,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2162696200,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2162696200,2015.0,2022.0,2009.0,,6.0 4440,The Reagan Years: The Great Communicator as Diarist,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802591509,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TDQMVS48,2008-12-01,James Cooper,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T23:03:07Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520802591509,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090877839,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090877839,2021.0,2021.0,2008.0,,13.0 4441,Of Revelatory Histories and Hatchet Jobs: Propaganda and Method in Intelligence History,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802591459,"This article explores a number of issues in the contemporary study of intelligence. These issues are methodological (relating to engagement with ‘primary’ sources), epistemological (concerned with notions of ‘bias’ and objectivity), and presentational (dealing with how scholars locate their work within existing debates). The article will contend that the study of intelligence, largely because of its ambiguous positioning on the borderland between political science and history, has been somewhat isolated from the debates over theory and method that have flourished in the wider historical discipline in recent decades, and that an engagement with such literature will yield commensurate benefits. Finally, the article will explore the place of intelligence history within the wider discourse of ‘popular’ history. Given its potentially sensational content, some intelligence literature is targeted at a ‘popular’ readership, but many of the claims made in authoring, promoting and reviewing such books are highly problematic. Since this is inimical to scholarly rigour, and is unlikely to facilitate wider public understanding of major historical issues, such matters need to be addressed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4AETL42,2008-12-01,R. Gerald Hughes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T23:02:44Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'TDUVX2TF']",10.1080/02684520802591459,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996414093,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996414093,2013.0,2022.0,2008.0,,5.0 4442,Forgeries and Spies: The Foreign Office and the ‘Cicero’ Case,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802559894,"This article seeks to analyze the Foreign Office reaction to the Cicero spy affair. Papers newly released in 2003 and 2005 provide some fascinating insights into leaks that were occurring at the Ankara embassy long before Cicero, how diplomats tried to trap the notorious spy and how the Foreign Office sought to block any outside interference in its investigations, particularly from the Security Service (MI5). The article also sheds light on how the Foreign Office attempted to deal with the fallout when the full scale of the Cicero leak became publicly known. At the time, the Foreign Office investigation into the leak failed to identify Cicero but it did highlight that Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, the British Ambassador to Turkey, was culpable in allowing documents in his possession to be photographed. It appeared, however, that Hugessen had got off lightly when he was rewarded with the ambassadorship at Brussels in September 1944. Why had this situation come about? Was the Foreign Office closing its ranks to protect one of its own? And, did this confirm oft-repeated accusations that as an institution, the Foreign Office could not be trusted when it came to security?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VJ8PW6KB,2008-12-01,Christopher Baxter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T23:02:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520802559894,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060174526,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060174526,2015.0,2024.0,2008.0,,7.0 4443,The Value of Non-Governmental Intelligence: Widening the Field,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802560074,"In the UK, the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) has a poor track record of predicting attack. In the US, official inquiries into 9/11 identified ‘a failure of imagination’ to conceive of a large scale threat to the American homeland. There is a long-standing literature on surprise attack which emphasizes that clues to predict attack often exist but are not pieced together by an intelligence sector which is not structured to look in the right direction. In a world of increasingly fragmented threats and weak signals, it is apparent that much of the challenge in intelligence work now lies not in collection but in managing requirements, setting priorities, and conducting incisive analysis based on the ability to imagine new threats. One solution to a failure of imagination is to widen the range of people who can contribute to the task. Non-Governmental analysis of security issues, whether by academia, civil society or the private sector, can help to identify emerging issues and set priorities. Whilst collection of secret intelligence may always remain the preserve of specialist Government agencies, the rest of the intelligence cycle can benefit from external contributions and open source intelligence. We argue that the process of setting intelligence requirements could be opened to a wider range of actors. In conflict environments, there may be particular value in an open process to identify what each side would need to know about the other to confidently seek peace.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DHQJLG97,2008-12-01,"Alex Martin, Peter Wilson",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:59:26Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684520802560074,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2326857608,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2326857608,2020.0,2026.0,2008.0,,12.0 4444,"Partisan Improprieties: Ministerial Control and Australia's Security Agencies, 1962–72",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802449542,"Partisan behaviour and abuses by intelligence and security agencies have often been attributed to the fact that agencies have become ‘out of control’ or ‘rogue elephants’. But a detailed empirical study of the politicization of the Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO) over ten years shows that the agency was not ‘out of control’ but very much under the control of its minister. The partisan use of security information arose from directives issued through the ‘democratic’ control exercised by a government. On the basis of this study, prevention of abuses by tighter governmental control is unlikely to work. A combination of government control, autonomy of the agency and independent scrutiny by an inspector-general is more likely to succeed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5IN9D7QG,2008-10-01,David Mcknight,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:58:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520802449542,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085667456,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085667456,2013.0,2023.0,2008.0,,5.0 4445,"‘A poor thing but our own’: The Joint Intelligence Committee and Ireland, 1965–72",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802449518,"This article explores the role of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) in assessing the development of the Northern Ireland crisis from the mid-1960s until the imposition of direct rule in 1972. It argues that the JIC's very limited engagement with Northern Ireland prior to 1969 contributed significantly to Whitehall's failure to grasp the drift of affairs from the autumn of 1968 onwards. This was due to the JIC's preoccupation with Cold War issues, compounded by reluctance to interfere in the security affairs of the Northern Ireland government. When Northern Ireland became a stock item of JIC business in 1970, the JIC secretariat became heavily involved in efforts to improve the intelligence system in Northern Ireland. The article also raises the question of the JIC's role in establishing the parameters for intelligence and security operations concerning Northern Ireland, including the controversial `Five Techniques' of interrogation, the introduction of internment in 1971, and covert activities in the Republic of Ireland. The article draws mainly on JIC, Prime Minister's Office and Foreign Office records in the National Archives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N68ZPLQJ,2008-10-01,Eunan O'halpin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:57:56Z,['V7KUA58M'],10.1080/02684520802449518,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067426779,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067426779,2013.0,2025.0,2008.0,,5.0 4446,Shifting Currents: Changes in National Intelligence Estimates on the Iran Nuclear Threat,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802449484,"Lost in the political fallout of the Iran National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) of 2007 was any discussion about historical parallels and what those might say about intersection between intelligence, policy, and politics. This article argues that the NIEs on the ballistic missile threat of the 1990s offer a useful analogy. In a short period of time, the NIE's assessment of the threat from so-called ‘rogue states’ went from modest to non-existent, provoking charges of politicization, eliciting investigations, and pausing the US missile defense program. A similar sequence of events followed the NIEs on Iran, whose tenor appeared to shift from alarmist in 2005 to dismissive in 2007. If the experience of the ballistic missile NIEs is any guide, then it is not clear that the `cure’– investigations and commissions – are better than the disease. Both cases illustrate the need for the intelligence community to remain detached but not unaware of the policy environment into which these estimates are introduced. They also reaffirm that estimates are just estimates, probabilistic rather than deterministic judgments about future events.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/52T993WJ,2008-10-01,Sarah E. Kreps,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:57:07Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684520802449484,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993332296,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993332296,2013.0,2014.0,2008.0,,5.0 4447,"The Unending Debate: Appeasement, Chamberlain and the Origins of the Second World War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802293114,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RQG2HJWT,2008-08-01,Daniel Hucker,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:55:56Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684520802293114,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056043672,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056043672,2015.0,2015.0,2008.0,,7.0 4448,"Operation ‘Piet’: The Joseph Sidney Petersen Jr. Spy Case, a Dutch ‘Mole’ Inside the National Security Agency",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802293098,"In 1986 it was discovered that Jonathan Jay Pollard, an employee of US Naval Intelligence, had worked as a spy for Israel. Until then the case of Joseph Sidney Petersen was the most important example of espionage against an US intelligence service by an ally. Petersen, who worked for the National Security Agency, was arrested in October 1954 and charged with obtaining top secret documents to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of a foreign nation. According to the International Herald Tribune this represented a case with worldwide implications. During the subsequent trial it emerged that Petersen had forwarded these top secret codeword documents to the Netherlands. For the first time an attempt will be made here to fully reconstruct the Petersen affair based on declassified American and Dutch archival holdings. Special attention will be paid to when Petersen was recruited and by whom, how long his spying lasted, what intelligence he delivered to the Dutch, what led to his arrest and trial and what the impact that had on American–Dutch relations. This article will close with some still remaining and unanswered questions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZYD64PY5,2008-08-01,Cees Wiebes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:55:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520802293098,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055602207,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055602207,2015.0,2024.0,2008.0,,7.0 4449,Cold War Pioneers in Combined Intelligence and Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802293064,"From its inception in 1947 until the late 1970s the primary missions of the United States Military Liaison Mission (USMLM) involved maintaining a presence in East Germany for confidence building measures and reporting on items related to indicators and warnings of hostilities initiated by the Soviet Army. While not abandoning its traditional missions, the unit underwent a major transformation in the early 1980s and became the first Humint integrated collection, analysis and production center. Through a combination of factors, USMLM was able to link targeting, single-source collection and analysis while providing insights in a wide range of areas, from nuclear weapons, troop morale, equipment production, technical data, health and ethnic issues and literacy. Most significantly, USMLM confirmed severely reduced manning levels in GSFG combat arms units.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UMB2P4HM,2008-08-01,Stephen V. Hoyt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:55:19Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520802293064,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2119962340,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2119962340,2021.0,2021.0,2008.0,,13.0 4450,"‘Strangely Easy to Obtain’: Canadian Passport Security, 1933–73",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802137014,"Since December 1999 when an Algerian member of Al Qaeda was arrested at the US border carrying a fraudulently obtained Canadian passport, the issue of Canadian passport security has been widely discussed. However, the controversy is nothing new. This article explores the long history of the misuses of Canadian passports, which began in the early 1930s, and the efforts by the Canadian government to combat these abuses. These efforts involved considerable debate within the Canadian government, specifically between the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Department of External Affairs, over what measures were acceptable. Ultimately, the discussions around passport security have relevance to debates in the present over biometric passports and identity cards.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ETHPHMB5,2008-06-01,Steve Hewitt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:54:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520802137014,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1986030307,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986030307,2016.0,2016.0,2008.0,,8.0 4451,The Latest Intelligence Crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802121265,"In the autumn of last year the National Intelligence Council issued a National Intelligence Estimate that states (in a portion of the NIE that has been published) with ‘high confidence’ that Iran years ago suspended its development of nuclear weapons. This paper questions the wisdom of a consensus intelligence document bound to be published in one form or another, and the soundness of the analysis in it, which pivots on speculation about Iranian decision making and on an ambiguity in the very meaning of ‘suspending’ a nuclear-weapons program while continuing to produce highly enriched uranium. These questions lead in turn to questions concerning the ambitious reorganization three years ago of the US intelligence system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2DYH8AA,2008-06-01,"John McCreary, Richard A. Posner",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:54:01Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684520802121265,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998240597,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998240597,2021.0,2021.0,2008.0,,13.0 4452,Glimpses into the Gems of American Intelligence: The President's Daily Brief and the National Intelligence Estimate,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802121257,"The two most prestigious products prepared by the US intelligence agencies for use by decision-makers in Washington, DC, are the President's Daily Brief and the National Intelligence Estimate. The Brief, an example of ‘current intelligence,’ adds value to what policy officials in Washington can learn about world affairs from the best newspapers, especially in the domains of foreign weaponry, activities within closed societies, and the machinations of terrorist organizations. The National Intelligence Estimate, an example of ‘research intelligence,’ has added value, too, on occasion, but has often been wrong. Each of these forms of intelligence has their critics, and the NIE in particular is frequently considered too long a document and too diluted in content. The production of NIEs has varied over the years since 1950, averaging twenty-three a year with a low of five (in 1976) and a high of fifty-six (in 1992).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FT9CPECT,2008-06-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:53:42Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/02684520802121257,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969372433,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969372433,2013.0,2016.0,2008.0,,5.0 4453,Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802121216,"American intelligence analysts have been severely criticized for failing to anticipate the 9/11 Al Qaeda attacks and for the ill-advised invasion of Iraq. The resulting Intelligence Community reorganization, intended to repair these presumed deficiencies, reflects a misunderstanding of what intelligence analysts can do and where responsibility for political and military decisions lie. In fact, the Intelligence Community is far more diversified in its tasks than is generally realized. Where analysis is done and for whom makes a large difference in its effectiveness. Moreover, changing technology is altering how it is done, where, and by whom. The border between what is ‘strategic’ or ‘national’ intelligence and ‘tactical’ intelligence is much diminished. At the same time, intelligence analysts all too often fail to incorporate the growing amounts of open source information, as well as analytic concepts and theories available from academic and scholarly literature.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9RU3IM76,2008-06-01,William E. Odom,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:53:25Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684520802121216,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4205932685,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4205932685,2014.0,2025.0,2008.0,,6.0 4454,"Towards a Reasonable Standard for Analysis: How Right, How Often on Which Issues?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802121190,"This article takes the view that largely impossible standards have been imposed on intelligence analysis, largely for political reasons stemming from the 9/11 attacks and Iraqi WMD. The article begins by examining the supposed lessons for intelligence analysis derived from these. It turns out that many of these widely accepted lessons have little basis and are, when compared, entirely contradictory from one case to the other. The article then reviews what the office of the Director of National Intelligence has done to make changes in analytical tradecraft and assesses whether these steps are likely to have a positive effect on future intelligence analysis. Finally, the article posits some ways in which analysis should be assessed and some of the impediments that will make this difficult even though it is necessary.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q6KY3U4H,2008-06-01,Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:53:08Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684520802121190,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083614359,27.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083614359,2012.0,2025.0,2008.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684520802121190?needAccess=true,4.0 4455,What the Intelligence Community Got Right About Iraq,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802121174,"Although widely criticized for inaccurate estimates of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction in 2002, the United States Intelligence Community was far more prescient about the likely consequences of a military campaign to remove Saddam Hussein. Intelligence assessments of the challenges likely to be faced by a post-war Iraq were widely disseminated within the Executive Branch and Congress and may have served to justify the Bush Administration's decision to undertake extensive reconstruction efforts rather than to turn power over at once to Iraqi leaders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SHRXGLGU,2008-06-01,Richard A. Best Jr,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:52:54Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520802121174,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018218591,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018218591,2020.0,2020.0,2008.0,,12.0 4456,The Intelligence Chief who went Fishing in the Cold: How Maj. Gen. (res.) Eli Zeira Exposed the Identity of Israel's Best Source Ever,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520801977378,"In March 2007, following arbitration between Israel's director of Military Intelligence in the Yom Kippur War, Maj. Gen. Eli Zeira and the Mossad chief in 1973, Zvi Zamir, it was officially ruled out that Zeira leaked the identity of Israel's most important source in Egypt to unauthorized journalists. The agent, Dr Ashraf Marwan, Nasser's son-in-law and Sadat's close advisor, had since 1969 given the Mossad excellent information about Egypt’s war preparations. He was also the source for the warning that ultimately geared Israel to war a few hours before it started on 6 October 1973. This article describes the process through which, from the early 1990s, Zeira leaked to unauthorized students of the Yom Kippur War information concerning the identity of the source and hypothesizes about what could have motivated him to take this action.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MXGIDHAV,2008-04-01,Uri Bar-joseph,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:52:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684520801977378,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016654528,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016654528,2015.0,2025.0,2008.0,,7.0 4457,Taps and Terrorism: A German Approach?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520801977295,"The United States is more than six years into its global war on terrorism, relying ever more on expanded wiretapping powers to halt its spread. However, looking at Germany, a country which has made far more extensive use of wiretaps for a far longer period of time, suggests that reliance on wiretaps, while not entirely ineffectual, might be more of a panacea to make people feel they are being protected than a fully functional tool in breaking up terror plots. Should the United States keep investing in these programs, or should it consider other weapons against terror?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZQ6B85YP,2008-04-01,Niels C. Sorrells,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:51:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684520801977295,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988040904,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988040904,2018.0,2018.0,2008.0,,10.0 4458,The real Cold War was hot: The global struggle for the Third World,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701798171,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FJ3GVFPS,2008-02-01,Mark T. Berger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:50:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520701798171,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2136080152,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2136080152,2012.0,2026.0,2008.0,,4.0 4459,Evaluating intelligence oversight committees: The UK Intelligence and Security Committee and the 'war on terror',Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684520701200756,"After a brief introduction giving a short history of legislative oversight, a number of criteria by which committees can be evaluated are enumerated, including their mandate, membership, resources and access to information. The development of parliamentary oversight in the UK culminating in...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J43XSMMU,2007,Peter Gill,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-20T07:32:02Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684520701200756,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992571284,41.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992571284,2013.0,2025.0,2007.0,,6.0 4460,‘Déjà Vu All Over Again’: Counterinsurgency and the ‘American Way of War’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701770709,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YCHS7IJ2,2007-12-01,"Mark T. Berger, Kenneth Burgess, James Mauldin, Michael P. Sullivan",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:47:32Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684520701770709,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1986973349,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986973349,2026.0,2026.0,2007.0,,19.0 4461,What Did Angleton Say About Golitsyn?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701770667,"In an earlier issue of this journal I examined statements attributed to James J. Angleton, then Chief of the CIA Counterintelligence Staff, that Anatoli Mikhailovich Golitsyn had worked secretly for the CIA for many years prior to defecting in Helsinki in December 1961. Further research shows that Angleton had made similar remarks on a number of occasions, but intended something other than the usual meaning of the phrase ‘worked for’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BHXA9TYW,2007-12-01,Jerry D. Ennis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:47:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520701770667,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109942613,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 4462,"A Curb on Ambition: Intelligence and the Planning of Eighth Army's Liri Valley Offensive, May 1944",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701718187,"In assessing the British Army's combat capability during the Second World War, its inability to exploit successful attacks has been much criticised by historians. This, in part, has been traced to the doctrinal instruction that, following an initially successful attack, rather than exploiting potential enemy weakness and disorganisation, ground gained was to be consolidated in preparation to repel enemy counter-attacks. By examining the planning of Eighth Army's offensive in the Liri valley, this article will demonstrate how this emphasis on consolidation over exploitation could exert a strong influence on the planning of operations. Moreover, rather than intelligence being employed to identify opportunities for exploitation, it was used on this occasion to reinforce caution and place a curb on ambition.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KBNLQM7W,2007-10-01,Kevin Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:45:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520701718187,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994406184,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994406184,2012.0,2013.0,2007.0,,5.0 4463,"Intelligence and the Art of Command, 1799–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701717932,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YI354TJ2,2007-10-01,Huw Davies,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:43:11Z,"['8XA7D88D', '9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520701717932,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992888508,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992888508,2016.0,2016.0,2007.0,,9.0 4464,"Canada's Communications Security Establishment, Signals Intelligence and counter-terrorism",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701640449,"Canada's Communications Security Establishment has undergone a far-reaching transformation in conjunction with the expanded role of Signals Intelligence in the global ‘war on terror’. For the first time, Canada adopted a formal statute for CSE, including an expanded remit for countering terrorism. With a shift in targeting priorities towards terrorism and threats to Canadian interests abroad, Canada's participation in SIGINT-related international partnerships takes on new significance. The collection of communication intelligence touches upon public sensibilities regarding privacy rights of Canadians. The evolution of Canadian SIGINT capabilities was therefore accompanied by the establishment, as early as 1996, of a system for intelligence accountability and review, the Office of the CSE Commissioner. Recent advances in communications technology and pressing requirements for Signals Intelligence have impelled changes in the law, while also accentuating the role played by the CSE Commissioner in scrutinizing CSE activities to ensure compliance with ministerial authorizations and the laws of Canada.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HMDZQ8KS,2007-08-01,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:40:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684520701640449,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2052298975,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052298975,2012.0,2023.0,2007.0,,5.0 4465,Foreign policy by commission: Reforming the intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701640431,Can presidential commissions serve as a source of significant policy innovation in the area of intelligence analysis? This study shows that intelligence commission recommendations present a decidedly mixed bag. We cannot speak of a linear movement toward improving the quality or management of intelligence analysis in which one problem is solved and attention then is turned to the next. Yet presidential commissions looking into intelligence analysis cannot be mere symbolic window dressing. Many of their recommendations have been listened to. It would be more accurate to see them as having in each instance narrowed the range of policy choices receiving serious consideration as means of improving the intelligence product.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C4ML8JBW,2007-08-01,Glen Hastedt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:39:42Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684520701640431,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067429070,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067429070,2013.0,2025.0,2007.0,,6.0 4466,Harry Howe Ransom and American intelligence studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701415222,"In this interview Harry Howe Ransom, a leading American scholar of intelligence studies over the past 50 years, discusses how he entered the field and his views regarding some key intelligence topics. Foremost on his research agenda has been the study of whether in democratic societies secret agencies can operate side-by-side with an otherwise open government without violating basic civil liberties – the difficult balancing act between the need for security, on the one hand, and the cherished value of liberty, on the other. He has also been a leading critic of intelligence politicization, noting in this interview that there is a tendency for intelligence systems to provide information they think their top bosses want to hear, and for the top bosses – more often than not – to do what they wish in spite of intelligence to the contrary. Professor Ransom began his research into intelligence as a young political scientist at Harvard University and continued this work throughout his subsequent distinguished career at Vanderbilt University and into his retirement years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DXN2VUK3,2007-06-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:38:38Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684520701415222,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2120184862,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2120184862,2015.0,2019.0,2007.0,,8.0 4467,Intelligence reform: The logic of information sharing,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701415214,"A cornerstone of US intelligence reform is ‘information sharing’ as a means of adapting to contemporary security challenges. It was a central recommendation of the 9/11 Commission, reflected in the wide-ranging ‘Information Sharing Environment’ mandated by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. Yet the underlying logic of information sharing for intelligence reform has received little attention. Drawing on information and communications theory, this paper critiques the logic by highlighting problems of sense-making and interpretation overlooked amid the scholarly enthusiasm for an intelligence ‘culture of sharing’. With their impersonal, technical, and highly bureaucratic approach, today's reforms may favor the flow of information and its sheer volume at the expense of the context and analytic tradecraft that render it meaningful, actionable intelligence. For effective information sharing, the paper suggests reformers pay more attention to the socio-technical environment of analysis when interpreting ambiguous, uncertain information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TFI7DDJK,2007-06-01,Calvert Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:38:21Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520701415214,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001902749,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001902749,2014.0,2025.0,2007.0,,7.0 4468,"A new intelligence director's diary: President truman, a young JFK, Ho Chi Minh's ‘Beheading’, and other challenges",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701415180,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KXQEBNIY,2007-06-01,David M. Barrett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:38:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520701415180,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093317881,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093317881,2015.0,2015.0,2007.0,,8.0 4469,William Friedman's Bletchley park diary: A different view,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701415164,"‘William Friedman's Bletchley Park Diary’ (INS 20/4 (2005) pp. 654–69) stated that Friedman, with Col. Alfred McCormack and Lt.-Col. Telford Taylor (US Army Special Branch), visited Bletchley Park in mid-1943 to negotiate with the British Government Code and Cypher School on how the Travis–Strong Agreement of May 1943 on Sigint cooperation should be implemented. This article shows that they had no substantive negotiating powers, and that they were essentially on a fact-finding mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CBGWYXLB,2007-06-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:37:41Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520701415164,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075320743,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075320743,2017.0,2021.0,2007.0,,10.0 4470,A double agent down under: Australian security and the infiltration of the left,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701415149,"Because of its clandestine character, the world of the undercover agent has remained murky. This article attempts to illuminate this shadowy feature of intelligence operations. It examines the activities of one double agent, the Czech-born Maximilian Wechsler, who in the early 1970s successfully infiltrated two socialist organizations. Wechsler was engaged by the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation. However, he was ‘unreliable’: he came in from the cold and went public. The article uses his exposés to recreate his undercover role. It seeks to throw some light on the recruitment methods of ASIO, on the techniques of infiltration, on the relationship between ASIO and the Liberal Party during a period of political volatility in Australia, and on the contradictory position of the Labor Government towards the security services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CT6NEFZE,2007-06-01,Phillip Deery,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:37:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520701415149,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2131135043,0.0,True,,,,2007.0,https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15470/, 4471,Interpreting national security and intelligence in geographic exploration: Explorers and geographers in America's early republic,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701415131,"‘Intelligence’ connotes the collection of information in furtherance of policy and strategic security objectives. Intelligence practitioners tend to look primarily to the histories of battlefield reconnaissance and court intrigue for their profession's discursive precedents. For the Western state, the mastery of territory has also been an important security objective since the Age of Exploration. Specifically, in the American case, territorial expansion and the subduing of new territory long lay at the heart of America's viability as a state. Thus, the intelligence field ought also to recognize geographical exploration as deeply implicated in Western national security discourse and as sharing an epistemological similarity with intelligence gathering. Both intelligence gathering and geographical exploration rely upon ‘Humint’, that is, informants penetrating distant and hidden places and reporting on the features found therein. America's early Republic period offers key examples of this fundamental similarity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CN6DWNDD,2007-06-01,Carol Medlicott,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:37:01Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/02684520701415131,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991779186,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991779186,2014.0,2025.0,2007.0,,7.0 4472,A conversation with former DCI William E. Colby: Spymaster during the ‘Year of the Intelligence Wars’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701303865,"In this previously unpublished interview, William Colby, former US Director of Central Intelligence, discusses the Intelligence Community's relationships with Congress and the White House, the value and conditions for effective human intelligence, the challenges of managing the Central Intelligence Agency, and his experience leading the Agency during the domestic spying scandals of the 1970s. Colby argues that the attentiveness of congressional intelligence committees waxes and wanes, just as it does for any other oversight committee. He states that Congress and the press, along with the integrity and initiative of individual citizens working in the intelligence community, provide the strongest guards against abuse. The interview was conducted in 1991, the last year of the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YZ5KEZX7,2007-04-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:13:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520701303865,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081070492,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081070492,2021.0,2021.0,2007.0,,14.0 4473,Insurgent intelligence: Information gathering and anti-colonial rebellion,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701200913,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/68E6STZJ,2007-02-01,Martin Thomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:11:04Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684520701200913,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2143658225,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2143658225,2018.0,2018.0,2007.0,,11.0 4474,Three documents on early Vietnamese intelligence and security services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701200863,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XZC222G8,2007-02-01,Christopher E. Goscha,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:10:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BHVIFBRH']",10.1080/02684520701200863,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2099975561,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2099975561,2019.0,2019.0,2007.0,,12.0 4475,Intelligence to counter terror: The importance of all-source fusion,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701200772,"The modern digital environment has made terrorism and other transnational crimes vastly easier to coordinate on a worldwide scale than was possible before World War II. It has also exacerbated a most serious challenge: governments attempting to stop terrorists – particularly democracies – are expected to do so without undermining the laws, representative principles and informal confidences upon which a culture of democracy depends. The purpose of this article is to examine the modern intelligence requirements for countering terror in order to appreciate this challenge in greater depth and to develop a reasoned basis for balancing counterintelligence capabilities with civil liberties. It begins by considering the nature of the terrorists we face and the requirements for good intelligence operations against them. Historical examples illustrate those lessons that can be learned from the defeat of similar threats in the past, including the recurring ways in which challenges to civil liberties arise as democracies optimize intelligence in the name of security. In discussing the special opportunities and challenges modern technology poses in this contest, the analysis suggests an essential next step for democracies threatened by terrorists in their midst.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JAZGTNSF,2007-02-01,Jennifer Sims,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:09:11Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684520701200772,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073122385,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073122385,2013.0,2025.0,2007.0,,6.0 4476,Surprise and secrecy: Two thoughts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520601046747,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TQ9L4CFU,2006-12-01,David Kahn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:07:48Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/02684520601046747,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020313613,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020313613,2026.0,2026.0,2006.0,,20.0 4477,Good literature and bad history: The 9/11 commission's tale of strategic intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520601046366,"Uncritical acceptance of the findings of the 9/11 Commission has obscured how the commission intentionally misrepresented pre-attack strategic intelligence on the threat from Al Qaeda. The commission staff used such techniques as highly selective use of material, partial truths, irrelevant references, plays on words, quotations out of context, and suggestive language leading to false inferences to portray as weak what had been a strong strategic analytical performance. The commission's misrepresentation corrupted history, damaged public understanding of the role of intelligence in counterterrorism, and helped to build support for a reorganization scheme that has made US counterterrorist intelligence worse rather than better.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7HVT8SZ7,2006-12-01,Paul R. Pillar,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:07:13Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520601046366,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2028494225,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028494225,2013.0,2026.0,2006.0,,7.0 4478,Intelligence analysts and policymakers: Benefits and dangers of tensions in the relationship,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520601046325,"This article is occasioned by public interest in reported tensions between CIA analysts and policymaking officials of the administration of President George W. Bush regarding the significance of ties between the Saddam Hussein regime and Al Qaeda terrorists, an important factor in the US decision to invade Iraq in 2003. No evaluation of the latter case is provided. The article addresses, instead, general patterns of tensions between intelligence analysts and policy officials in order to provide context for public assessment of the Iraq-Al Qaeda incident when the public record is more complete and enhance understanding of similar future instances of tension.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MA6X3YDE,2006-12-01,Jack Davis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:06:53Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/02684520601046325,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079729395,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079729395,2012.0,2026.0,2006.0,,6.0 4479,Prometheus embattled: A post-9/11 report card on the National Security Agency,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520601046317,"Five years after the tragic events of September 11, 2001, the National Security Agency (NSA) has risen to the position of being the largest and most powerful intelligence agency in the US. Working in close conjunction with its English-speaking partners overseas, NSA is today the most prolific producer of top-quality intelligence information reaching senior US government policymakers and field commanders. But press reports over the past year concerning the Agency's controversial domestic eavesdropping program and problem-plagued modernization effort, have raised serious questions once again about the competency of the Agency's long-troubled management practices, as well as whether NSA, at the behest of the Bush administration, exceeded its legal authority by extending its operations into the US for the first time since the mid-1970s in contravention of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) of 1978.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KACGQQBF,2006-12-01,Matthew M. Aid,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:06:35Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520601046317,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018382219,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018382219,2012.0,2025.0,2006.0,,6.0 4480,What's wrong with the Intelligence Cycle,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520601046291,"In the modern era, almost all intelligence professionals will study the Intelligence Cycle as a kind of gospel of how intelligence functions. Yet it is not a particularly good model, since the cyclical pattern does not describe what really happens. Policy officials rarely give collection guidance. Collection and analysis, which are supposed to work in tandem, in fact work more properly in parallel. Finally, the idea that decision makers wait for the delivery of intelligence before making policy decisions is equally incorrect. In the modern era, policy officials seem to want intelligence to support policy rather than to inform it. The Intelligence Cycle also fails to consider either counter-intelligence or covert action. Taken as a whole, the cycle concept is a flawed model, but nevertheless continues to be taught in the US and around the world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4F3N2RHB,2006-12-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:06:17Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684520601046291,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095045098,113.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095045098,2012.0,2026.0,2006.0,,6.0 4481,The Wennerström spy case: A Western perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520601046283,"Few spy cases during the Cold War have such an international flavour as the Wennerström spy case – a neutral Swedish attaché spying on the West for the benefit of the East. Even 40 years later, however, the literature available on the case suffers from a Swedish bias and has generally received little scholarly treatment. Therefore, this article aims to describe and analyse the Wennerström spy case from a Western perspective, based on new declassified sources as well as the most recent research available in Swedish. Among other things, the article demonstrates that the investigation after Wennerström's arrest took place in close cooperation with primarily American and British intelligence services, that Wennerström's allegation of being a double agent was either false or greatly exaggerated, and, finally, that the damage done to Western interests due to his espionage was greater than portrayed in the existing literature.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TMRMX2VQ,2006-12-01,J. J. Widen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:06:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520601046283,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060805500,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060805500,2017.0,2024.0,2006.0,,11.0 4482,Biological attacks and the non-state actor: A threat assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520601046226,"In a climate of political concern about the deliberate dissemination of pathogenic micro-organisms, this article assesses the nature and scope of the threat to national security posed by actors other than states. Key factors include the motivations and disincentives for carrying out a biological attack and the technical challenges likely to be encountered by a non-state organization that decides to use disease as its weapon of choice. The assessment concludes that non-state organizations do not at present pose a great threat, that biological attacks should generally not be regarded as a ‘WMD’ issue, but also that the conduct of individual scientists engaged in pathogen research warrants careful monitoring.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IM8QGKFK,2006-12-01,Christian Enemark,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:05:46Z,['EJW4BLAR'],10.1080/02684520601046226,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095194651,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095194651,2025.0,2025.0,2006.0,,19.0 4483,"The Western secret services, the East German Ministry of State Security and the building of the Berlin Wall",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600957779,"The main reason for the closure of the East–West sectoral border in Berlin on 13 August 1961, and the ensuing construction of the Berlin Wall, was to prevent refugees from fleeing the German Democratic Republic and so keep the Communist state in being. However, new evidence shows that the border was also closed for security reasons, as the Communists claimed – they called it ‘the securing of the state border’ (‘die Sicherung der Staatsgrenze’). The open border with the West in Berlin was the main cause of the GDR's intense security crisis in the 1950s and its closure gave the state greater stability. The security advantages to the Communists of closing the border were so obvious that the Western secret services had long feared that they would do precisely this. In particular, the West's spy chiefs saw that Khrushchev's ultimatum of November 1958 over Berlin was in part designed to put an end to their operations. Although they did not see precisely what action would be taken, they expected some measure or other to deprive them of their base in West Berlin; they saw also that the closure of the sectoral border was a distinct possibility. Far from being unanticipated, the security measure taken by the Communists in August 1961 was one of the most long-expected and carefully-prepared-for events of the twentieth century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IT46AJ6U,2006-10-01,Paul Maddrell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:04:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520600957779,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991087645,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991087645,2012.0,2022.0,2006.0,,6.0 4484,"‘The importance of being honest’: Switzerland, neutrality and the problems of intelligence collection and liaison",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600957720,"This paper seeks to contribute to a number of debates that have attracted scholarly attention over the last few years. Firstly, by examining the experiences of the Swiss foreign intelligence service, the paper takes issue with what one scholar has dubbed ‘intelligence history snobbery’; a process that has privileged the study of the major powers and overlooked the contribution made to the secret world by the intelligence agencies of small states. Secondly, the paper explores the extent to which a state's engagement in the secret world is affected by its preconceived ideas over its place and standing in the international community. It asks whether the behaviour of a neutral foreign intelligence service is likely to differ from that of any other ‘small’ state, and whether neutrals can be both honest brokers in international affairs, and earnest players in the field of secret intelligence. The final section of the paper looks at the impact of the end of the Cold War and the emerging ‘global war on terror’ on the shape of the Swiss intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LNAMGNXR,2006-10-01,Neville Wylie,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:04:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684520600957720,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2063091791,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063091791,2015.0,2021.0,2006.0,,9.0 4485,Objective intelligence or plausible denial: An open source review of intelligence method and process since 9/11,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600957696,"Since 9/11 there have been a series of reports criticizing the American Intelligence Community for its lack of foresight and inaccurate intelligence prior to the Iraq invasion of 2003. It is argued here that this is not a new phenomenon, but a replay of other periods of self-doubt and introspection within the Intelligence Community. The criticism of organizational structures and individuals – however relevant that may be – does not address the real, and enduring, problem with US intelligence-gathering bodies. The very process of intelligence theory, definition and practice needs to be fundamentally reviewed. Eschewing the dogmatism that has hindered intelligence reform, this article suggests three methods as a starting point for a new approach.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XUQWWNHH,2006-10-01,Alfred Rolington,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:02:56Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520600957696,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987875792,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987875792,2014.0,2015.0,2006.0,,8.0 4486,"‘Where the state feared to tread’: Britain, Britons, covert action and the Yemen Civil War, 1962–64",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600957688,"The Egyptian-inspired revolution that overthrew the Imamate in Yemen in September 1962 presented British policy makers with a series of acute dilemmas. While the defence of Aden was regarded by the Chiefs of Staff as central to the protection of British interests in the Middle East, the means by which this was to be achieved exposed deep cleavages among policy-makers chastened by the experience of Suez. While officials in Whitehall condoned a series of official covert operations along the Federation border with Yemen they remained strictly controlled and defensive in nature. By contrast, a group of influential Conservative MPs, having already engaged in what might be termed para-diplomacy that effectively stymied British recognition of the new regime in Sana'a , looked to extend British clandestine activity to include direct aid to, and training of, the Royalist Forces deep inside Yemen itself. With the initial support of key Middle Eastern potentates, a private mercenary organization emerged that, while enjoying the tacit encouragement of some in Whitehall, acted above and beyond the control of London in support of what they considered to be Britain's interest, an interest which, despite the huge political and diplomatic risks involved, came to enlist the help of Israel. At a time when much academic attention has been focused on the rise of the private military organization, the debates over their efficacy, both political and moral, as a tool of foreign policy can be traced to events in the mountains and deserts of the Yemen over four decades ago.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UKMNDUXS,2006-10-01,Clive Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:02:14Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520600957688,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2063178838,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063178838,2013.0,2022.0,2006.0,,7.0 4487,"Intelligence, crises and security: Lessons from history?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600957639,"The scholarly study of intelligence has grown steadily into what is now a distinct sub-field of history and political science. Recent events – notably jihadist attacks on the US, Spain and the UK and the war on Iraq and its aftermath – have generated debate and controversy about the use and representation of intelligence. A plethora of official inquiries have fuelled debates into the ‘intelligence failures’ involved. This essay explores how lessons might be learned from the history of intelligence for contemporary debates and controversies. An overview of the issues includes discussion of how different approaches are apparent between American and British perspectives. Challenges and opportunities for applying lessons from the past are explored and a case is made for greater engagement between academia and officialdom.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K6TVJBJ5,2006-10-01,"Len Scott, R. Gerald Hughes",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:01:19Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520600957639,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2147844022,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2147844022,2014.0,2024.0,2006.0,,8.0 4488,"Intelligence, security and information flows in CFSP",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600885764,"This article traces the growth of the intelligence support role that a number of relatively small bodies have assumed within the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy. The implications of the development of this role are considered in detail. The article concludes that a new type of intelligence capability is gradually emerging at the European level, which could not easily be reproduced at the national or bilateral levels.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F6HY885S,2006-08-01,Simon Duke,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:00:41Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520600885764,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091380982,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091380982,2012.0,2023.0,2006.0,,6.0 4489,Ensuring the after-life of the Ciano diaries: Allen Dulles' provision of Nuremberg trial evidence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600885749,"The relationship between Western intelligence officials and Nazi war crimes prosecutors has been, and in some aspects remains, a difficult one. It is increasingly apparent that it is precisely the selective nature of support war crimes prosecutors can expect from intelligence officials that merits particular scholarly attention. One such example in this case of positive assistance concerns the provision of a specific piece of evidence, the diaries of Ciano, Mussolini's Foreign Minister, obtained for the Allies by Allen Dulles, a senior US wartime intelligence official with the OSS, based in Bern, Switzerland, and used in the prosecution case against Ribbentrop at the Nuremberg war crimes trials. This article, based largely upon recently declassified American security files, closely examines Dulles' actions undertaken to retrieve the diaries and pass them to the prosecution.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/66BSDWMZ,2006-08-01,"Lorie Charlesworth, Michael Salter",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T22:00:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520600885749,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2040474678,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040474678,2012.0,2015.0,2006.0,,6.0 4490,"The UK–US intelligence alliance in 1975: Economies, evaluations and explanations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600885681,"Intelligence and defence are often cited as central to the fabric of Anglo-American relations after 1945. However, we still know relatively little about how the Anglo-American intelligence relationship changed during the latter part of the twentieth century. During the 1960s and 1970s the UK continued its long retreat from its world role, driven by recurrent economic crises at home and anti-colonial nationalism abroad. This essay examines UK intelligence in the mid-1970s in the light of recent archival releases pertaining to the Roy Mason Defence Review. This material sheds interesting light on tensions between the military and diplomats in Whitehall over defence intelligence. More importantly, it appears to show that, partly because of the contraction of defence dispositions, UK intelligence activities were called upon to compensate and therefore became relatively more important as a substantive contribution to the alliance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JECQ943V,2006-08-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:59:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520600885681,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055803135,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055803135,2018.0,2020.0,2006.0,,12.0 4491,Signals intelligence and Pearl Harbor: The state of the question,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600885665,"In recent times, Pearl Harbor historiography has shifted towards the question of whether or not the Pearl Harbor attack could have been predicted through intercepted signals. The recent prodigious output of books and articles on this subject makes it necessary to reflect upon how the debate has developed. Some traditionalists (who believe that the Pearl Harbor attack surprised US and Allied authorities) continue to criticize revisionists (who believe that intercepted signals may have provided foreknowledge of the attack) using a blend of polemics and ad hominem criticism. That adversarial template began long ago with the first sharp criticisms of the work of revisionist historian Charles Beard. Similar criticisms of revisionists continue to the present day, but such criticisms are unfounded as relevant evidence concerning pre-Pearl Harbor signals intelligence, drawn from both archival and anecdotal sources, suggests that the revisionist thesis merits further scholarly attention.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TE9VN4LP,2006-08-01,"Brian Villa, Timothy Wilford",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:59:35Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520600885665,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053524747,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053524747,2014.0,2015.0,2006.0,,8.0 4492,Intelligence and the formulation of policy and strategy in Early Modern Europe: The Spanish Monarchy in the Reign of Charles II (1665–1700),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600885640,"This article seeks to explore the means whereby the Spanish Monarchy under the last Habsburg, Charles II (1665–1700), contributed to its own survival in the era of Louis XIV by exploring its acquisition and use of intelligence. There was nothing particularly distinctive about Spain's intelligence machinery. Nor was it always effective. Nevertheless, Spain's extensive diplomatic and imperial network facilitated the acquisition of a great deal of information which on occasion was clearly of great importance – for example, in preventing the destruction of Charles II's fleet in the summer of 1693 by that of Louis XIV. In sum, intelligence contributed to the remarkable resilience of the Spanish Monarchy in an age of supposed Spanish decline.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I3IWGSWP,2006-08-01,Christopher Storrs,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:59:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/02684520600885640,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1967506155,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1967506155,2014.0,2023.0,2006.0,,8.0 4493,The divine skein: Sun Tzu on intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600885624,"Scholars of ancient China and students of military strategy have devoted considerable attention to Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Intelligence experts, in contrast, occasionally cite his chapter on ‘The Use of Spies’ but do not seem to engage his text. Part of the problem is the difficulty of translating his oracular adages; Western experts in Chinese history rarely understand the arcana of espionage, while intelligence scholars usually know no Chinese. Sun Tzu amply repays an effort to study his text, however, as he presents one of the oldest extant descriptions of an intelligence system – one that is, moreover, still insightful in our modern age.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/93B2VYAZ,2006-08-01,Michael Warner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:58:52Z,"['DS3WDJUS', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684520600885624,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2131812723,39.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2131812723,2014.0,2026.0,2006.0,,8.0 4494,Remarks concerning a research note on The Dutch Affair 1,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600750737,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F5KJ7J96,2006-06-01,Jo Wolters,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:58:32Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520600750737,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1967785159,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1967785159,2016.0,2016.0,2006.0,,10.0 4495,Halfway down the road to supervision of the Spanish intelligence services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600750687,"The CESID was created during the transition to democracy with obvious shortcomings in its administrative, judicial, governmental and parliamentary controls. These shortcomings contributed to the scandals of 1995 and 1998 that made deputies aware of the need for improvements in its supervision, although the timid initiatives that were finally adopted did nothing to improve the situation. The reform of 2002 that transformed CESID into CNI was presented as an opportunity to perfect supervision of the intelligence services. However, its achievements have not been as ambitious as might have been hoped. Supervision ever since the transition to democracy is still unfinished business, as was clearly demonstrated by the difficulties experienced in the work of the commission of inquiry into the terrorist attack of 11 March 2004.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q9XLSS5M,2006-06-01,Antonio M. Díaz Fernández,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:58:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684520600750687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987472762,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987472762,2018.0,2018.0,2006.0,,12.0 4496,The role of intelligence in deciding the Battle of Britain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600750661,"The successful employment of German air power in the Battle of Britain was greatly hindered by abysmal intelligence. The Luftwaffe never developed an accurate picture of enemy strengths and weaknesses, and this contributed to preventing it from bringing force to bear at the decisive point of battle. Although certain aspects of British intelligence were equally flawed, it ultimately proved itself to be an indispensable adjunct to the operational success of Fighter Command. This article focuses on the contribution made to Luftwaffe and RAF operations during the Battle of Britain by their respective intelligence gathering institutions. It is an investigation into the extent to which activities in the realm of intelligence can explain the eventual British victory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4RUT4AV,2006-06-01,Samir Puri,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:57:40Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520600750661,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077647329,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077647329,2018.0,2018.0,2006.0,,12.0 4497,Aufklärung und Abwehr: The lasting legacy of the Stasi under Ernst Wollweber,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600750638,"The following article traces the development of East Germany's secret police, the Stasi, during the reign of Ernst Wollweber, the second Minister of State Security. By examining key Stasi operations during this period, notably the ‘concentrated strikes’ strategy following the June 1953 revolution, the campaign against Ostbüros, and operations to secure the economy, and by examining Wollweber's major speeches, it argues that Wollweber's reign was a decisive one for the Stasi because of the integration of intelligence gathering outside of East Germany (Aufklärung) with domestic surveillance (Abwehr). Although this balance shifted toward external duties in Wollweber's landmark August 1955 speech, Wollweber continued to promote integration of the two duties, in particular by anchoring the intelligence gathering duties in the local-level domestic structures of the Stasi.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HUTSXHIA,2006-06-01,Gary Bruce,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:57:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520600750638,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091332727,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 4498,Japanese police and Korean resistance in prewar China: The problem of legal legitimacy and local collaboration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600750620,"Based on the records of Japanese Foreign Ministry police forces, this article describes a failed attempt by Japanese consular police in south Manchuria during the early 1920s to suppress the Korean independence movement in exile through the employment of local collaborators. Implemented because the Chinese government did not recognize the legal legitimacy of Japanese consular police operations on Chinese soil, this counter-insurgency program reveals the lengths to which Japanese consular authorities were willing to go in the search for solutions to their perceived national security threats in Northeast Asia long before the outbreak of full-scale war with China in the 1930s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NJ6IKAGP,2006-06-01,Erik W. Esselstrom,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:56:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684520600750620,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2068435517,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 4499,"The August 1924 raid on Stolpce, Poland, and the evolution of Soviet active intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600750612,"In August 1924, a Soviet-sponsored raid on the Polish town of Stolpce to free two imprisoned communist activists went badly wrong. Though the ruling Politburo had not authorized this raid, the public embarrassment and diplomatic consequences led the Soviet government to overhaul its program of ‘active intelligence’, halting peacetime attacks on neighboring states in favor of quieter preparations for wartime sabotage and diversion under the authority of the Red Army's Intelligence Directorate. At the same time, the Politburo organized stay-behind groups in Soviet border regions to prepare for the possibility of enemy occupation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4H4I27HM,2006-06-01,David R. Stone,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:56:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684520600750612,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2088365961,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2088365961,2020.0,2022.0,2006.0,,14.0 4500,Filling in the ‘unknowns’: Hypothesis-based intelligence and the Rumsfeld commission,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600620757,"In 2003 the Pentagon's Office of Special Plans employed a hypothesis-based methodology to deliver the now discredited intelligence that justified the Iraq war. The 1976 ‘Team B’, which was also heavily influenced by neoconservatives and used the same methodology, has been recognized as a precedent. There is, however, another precedent, the 1998 Rumsfeld Commission, which challenged CIA predictions on the ballistic missile threat to the US. Lobbied for by many of the same conservatives and neoconservatives, the Commission used the same analytical style as Team B and the OSP. The now discredited intelligence on Iraq was not a ‘failure’ or ‘mistake’, but a method, tried and tested by the right, of challenging the CIA on political grounds.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P8N49IA5,2006-04-01,Maria Ryan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:55:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520600620757,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2166665284,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2166665284,2014.0,2025.0,2006.0,,8.0 4501,Reassessing pre-war Japanese espionage: The Rutland naval spy case and the Japanese intelligence threat before Pearl Harbor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600620732,"Soon after the termination of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance in 1921, Squadron Leader Frederick Joseph Rutland covertly offered the Japanese navy technical help to develop aircraft carriers. In doing so Rutland played a significant role in the evolution of Japan's offensive capability that made the attack on Pearl Harbor possible. Of as lasting importance was the impact the case had in shaping the perception of ‘the Japanese threat’. British security and intelligence agencies' knowledge of Japanese naval intelligence actions in accepting this ‘offer of service’ and running Rutland as a clandestine agent was not balanced by any understanding of the fragmented nature of the Japanese leadership and intelligence bureaucracy. The case in the 1920s provided the Security Service and SIS with the apparent evidence to justify reassessing Japan from benign if opportunistic former ally to hostile power, apparently proving that Japan's intelligence actions reflected sustained hostile intent throughout the inter-War period.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V9SITVMT,2006-04-01,Max Everest-Phillips,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:55:36Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684520600620732,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093002875,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093002875,2015.0,2015.0,2006.0,,9.0 4502,"Austria-Hungary, France, Germany and the Irish crisis from 1899 to the outbreak of the first world war",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600620716,"This article examines Ireland's strategic and diplomatic importance for foreign continental European powers in the early years of the twentieth century, a subject much neglected by historians. It focuses on how Austria-Hungary, France and Germany analyzed the Irish crisis between 1899 and 1914. It shows how the pattern of alliances in Europe changed these powers' outlook on Ireland. After the signing of the Entente Cordiale between Britain and France in 1904, the French lost all interest in their relations with Irish separatists. The Germans took over their role as they saw a possibility to break the encirclement of the Triple Entente countries. The article argues that there was a definite ‘Irish factor’ in the events leading to the outbreak of the First World War, notably in Germany and Austria-Hungary's decision-making process.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W2MSG4TQ,2006-04-01,Jérôme Aan De Wiel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:55:20Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/02684520600620716,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989667467,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989667467,2015.0,2018.0,2006.0,,9.0 4503,Horst Hesse: A cold war military intelligence mole,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600619924,"Drawing upon East German Stasi archives, this article presents the story of Horst Hesse's penetration as a double agent into a US Military Intelligence office in Würzburg, Germany during 1955 and 1956. While military personnel were celebrating a German holiday, Hesse broke into the office with two accomplices and absconded with two safes containing the names of MI agents in East Germany. Many were arrested and some were sentenced. The account provides important positive and negative lessons for intelligence tradecraft.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CVWVANM9,2006-04-01,F. M. Scherer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:55:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520600619924,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058640432,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 4504,Integration of strategic and operational intelligence during the Peninsular war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600619874,"Wellington is well known for his understanding of the importance of intelligence, but so far history has recorded that he presided over a one-man intelligence department, himself being the only analyst of what proved to be a massive quantity of raw information. New research highlighted in this article reveals that this has been an inaccurate interpretation. The British government also acted to establish a civilian network of correspondents and agents communicating with the British ambassadors to Spain and Portugal. Wellington's main priority was to integrate the ‘strategic intelligence’ collected by government agents with his own ‘operational intelligence’. Instead, analysis was conducted more by Wellington's subordinates in the field, applying their personal localized expertise to the information they received. In this way, an early and primitive form of the staff system later developed by the Prussians was created in the Peninsular War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/45FQKDQH,2006-04-01,Huw Davies,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:54:40Z,"['8XA7D88D', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684520600619874,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2100357568,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2100357568,,,2006.0,, 4505,"The Perils of Terrorism: Chinese Whispers, Kevin Bacon and Al Qaeda in Southeast Asia – A review essay",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600568626,"This review examines the scholarship on Islamic terrorism and Al Qaeda in Southeast Asia, arguing that three factors undermine the academic credibility of much of this scholarship. Two points relate to the extensive reliance on interviews with various anonymous ‘security personnel’, or media reports of such statements. Firstly, these sources are in themselves problematic in that they cannot be independently checked or verified. In such circumstances, factual errors undermine the credibility of the argument. Secondly, many researchers using these sources appear to take them at face value, without interrogating their reliability and political motives. The third point relates to the way in which different types of source are utilized and, in particular, how tentative allegations are transmuted into established facts. The review concludes that such studies would benefit from greater contextualization within the domestic politics of the countries in question, rather than their current focus on specific individuals, organizations and networks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NZJJH4NT,2006-02-01,Graham Brown,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:54:04Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684520600568626,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021670116,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021670116,2013.0,2018.0,2006.0,,7.0 4506,"Special documentation systems at the Government Code and Cypher School, Bletchley park, during the Second World War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600568444,"The work of GCCS at BP has received much attention in recent years. Concentration, however, has been on the capture of Sigint by the interception services and the problems of decryption of messages in Enigma. Less attention has been placed on the documentation of the decrypts and the intelligence held by the factual indexes maintained by the Air, Military and Naval Sections. Lying behind these were the highly specialized devices which facilitated the translation and analysis of decrypted messages by providing the expansions of abbreviations common in all Sigint and the ‘equivalents’ of German and other terms. This paper describes the work of two specialist units, serving Hut 3 (Air and Military intelligence) and Hut 4 (Naval intelligence), engaged in the creation and maintenance of such devices.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/99XEE6QV,2006-02-01,Rodney M. Brunt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:53:46Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520600568444,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065301772,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065301772,2013.0,2020.0,2006.0,,7.0 4507,Improving the democratic accountability of EU intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600568394,"The 9/11 attack and the ‘war on terrorism’ have been followed by a discussion on intelligence deficits. However, surprisingly little attention has been given to the issue of agencies' democratic accountability. This article argues the benefits of oversight for democracy and its significance for the improvement of services' performance. It puts EU intelligence agencies, which have hardly been the subject of any debate, at the centre. While acknowledging that the major threats to civil liberties of European citizens are posed by national intelligence agencies, it identifies the establishment of mechanisms for quality control of EU intelligence as the main challenge at the EU level.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CNLGM75Y,2006-02-01,Björn Müller-Wille,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:53:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684520600568394,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979574681,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979574681,2012.0,2025.0,2006.0,,6.0 4508,The Malayan special branch on the Malayan–Thai frontier during the Malayan emergency (1948–60),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600568352,"The Malayan Special Branch was the main intelligence agency of the Malayan government during the Malayan Emergency of 1948–60. It was a critical determinant in the government's efforts to defeat the determined attempts of the Malayan Communist Party (CPM) and its guerrilla army, the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), to overthrow the Malayan government and establish a Socialist People's Republic of Malaya. This paper examines the counterinsurgency operations carried out by the Malayan Special Branch in southern Thailand as part of the Emergency, and the establishment of a Special Branch Border Section in Penang and a joint regional Malayan–Thai Special Branch office in Songkhla, southern Thailand, to coordinate intelligence operations against the communist insurgents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LQLL3U63,2006-02-01,Leon Comber,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:53:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520600568352,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037797812,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037797812,2016.0,2021.0,2006.0,,10.0 4509,Anatoli Golitsyn: Long-time CIA Agent? ∗,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600568261,"Anatoli Mikhailovich Golitsyn was probably the most difficult and disruptive defector the Central Intelligence Agency ever dealt with. He was a key player in a decade-long search for moles that devastated the careers of a number of innocent CIA officers and damaged the CIA's relations with several foreign intelligence organizations. And now comes the suggestion that Golitsyn was not ‘just’ a KGB defector, but someone who ‘had worked for the CIA secretly for many years before’. The source of this claim is as startling as the suggestion itself, but is it true?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6NQCPP48,2006-02-01,Jerry D. Ennis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:52:33Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520600568261,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037135932,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037135932,2013.0,2013.0,2006.0,,7.0 4510,The Doolittle commission of 1954,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500428160,"Many scholars and other writers have dismissed the 1954 Doolittle Commission as an Eisenhower administration tactic to protect CIA covert operations from congressional investigation. Evidence about the commission and its report, however, suggests that this view may be incomplete. Clarification of the commission's precise purpose may serve the wider study of US covert action policy in the 1950s and congressional oversight of the CIA. In particular, the report's recommendations for bold covert action abroad may reveal how administration covert action policy attracted congressional attention to the CIA.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LPDZCRHQ,2005-12-01,Harold M. Greenberg,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:51:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520500428160,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2108134362,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2108134362,2014.0,2019.0,2005.0,,9.0 4511,William Friedman's Bletchley park diary: A new source for the history of Anglo-American intelligence cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500426602,The great American cryptologist William F. Friedman along with two other colleagues visited Bletchley Park and other British code-breaking facilities in the spring of 1943. A recently discovered diary that Friedman kept while in the UK gives a meticulous account of his activities during the mission. the diary sheds light on the role Friedman and his colleagues played in negotiating the 1943 Travis–Strong agreement between the United States and Great Britain and helps resolve problems with the dating of that agreement. The diary gives Friedman's mid-war assessment of the British codebreaking effort. The diary also gives a portrait of Friedman himself as none of his other writings do.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YV4QWDCB,2005-12-01,Colin Mackinnon,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:50:37Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520500426602,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008528085,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008528085,2017.0,2017.0,2005.0,,12.0 4512,"MI(R), G(R) and British covert operations, 1939–42",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500426073,"The Military Intelligence (Research) department of the British War Office was tasked in 1940 with encouraging and supporting armed resistance in occupied Europe and the Axis-controlled Middle East. The major contention of this paper is that, in doing so, MI(R) performed a key role in British strategy in 1940–42 and in the development of what are now known as covert operations. MI(R) developed an organic, but coherent doctrine for such activity which was influential upon the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and its own sub-branch, G(R), which applied this doctrine in practice in East Africa and the Middle East in 1940–41. It was also here that a number of key figures in the development of covert operations and special forces first cut their teeth, the most notable being Major Generals Colin Gubbins and Orde Wingate.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V5TP9PJY,2005-12-01,Simon Anglim,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T21:50:18Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520500426073,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978634787,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978634787,2016.0,2024.0,2005.0,,11.0 4513,The role and effectiveness of intelligence in Northern Ireland,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500425273,"This article examines the role and effectiveness of counter-terrorist intelligence operations in Northern Ireland. Specifically, it examines the methods of gathering intelligence as well as how the information was used, while also addressing some of the wider moral and legal implications of intelligence activities for a liberal democratic society. It argues that British intelligence was ultimately very effective but at the price of employing some highly dubious methods. ‘Today we were unlucky, but remember we only have to be lucky once’. 1 Statement by the Provisional Irish Republican Army",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MS6NYGHX,2005-12-01,Bradley W.C. Bamford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T20:00:12Z,['V7KUA58M'],10.1080/02684520500425273,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046731075,95.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046731075,2012.0,2026.0,2005.0,,7.0 4514,The British secret service in neutral Switzerland: An unfinished debate on NATO's cold war stay-behind armies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500425083,"In 1990, the existence of a secret anti-Communist stay-behind army in Italy, codenamed ‘Gladio’ and linked to NATO, was revealed. Subsequently, similar stay-behind armies were discovered in all NATO countries in Western Europe. Based on parliamentary and governmental reports, oral history, and investigative journalism, the essay argues that neutral Switzerland also operated a stay-behind army. It explores the role of the British secret service and the reactions of the British and the Swiss governments to the discovery of the network and investigates whether the Swiss stay-behind army, despite Swiss neutrality, was integrated into the International NATO stay-behind network.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EM87GFLH,2005-12-01,Daniele Ganser,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:59:51Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520500425083,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2156389937,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2156389937,2014.0,2025.0,2005.0,,9.0 4515,Will the weevil delay? Creative writing and the cold war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452052000345536,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QRJ2FAHJ,2005-09-01,Alex Danchev,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:46:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/0268452052000345536,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070122154,0.0,False,,,,2005.0,, 4516,Eduard Mark on Venona's ‘Ales’: A note,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684520500269051,"Published in Intelligence and National Security (Vol. 20, No. 3, 2005)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H5QFK8EB,2005-9-1,,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:46:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500269051,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W125048577,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W125048577,2026.0,2026.0,2005.0,,21.0 4517,"Architecture of a broken dream: The CIA and Guatemala, 1952–54",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500269010,"In 1954, the United States launched a coup against Guatemalan President Jacobo Arbenz. In 2003, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of State declassified new documents pertaining to the fall of the Arbenz regime. In this paper I argue that although the new information does not substantially alter the overall debate about the causes and consequences of the action, it offers a portrait of the operation which is richer and more complex than what has been seen before. The documents reveal details of the operation which have been hidden for half a century. They illustrate how the mission faltered under the weight of security breaches and miscommunications. They also offer a fascinating glimpse at a shadowy figure in the plot to topple the Arbenz regime who has until now largely evaded the public record. In the end the documents affirm what many scholars had previously concluded, that at the end of the day it was the actions of the Guatemalan Army that made the difference between victory and defeat in the crusade to oust a democratically elected head of state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/56R68PKG,2005-09-01,Andrew Fraser,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:45:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520500269010,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2123166681,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2123166681,2014.0,2021.0,2005.0,,9.0 4518,A weak pillar for American national security: The CIA's dismal performance against WMD threats,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500268954,"American preemptive or preventive military action against WMD-armed adversaries in the future will simply not be feasible without high-quality and timely intelligence. But is American intelligence up to this load-bearing task for the post-11 September national security? This article surveys the Central Intelligence Agency's record of gauging potential WMD threats for more than a decade and assesses its overall performance as dismal. The CIA's recent intelligence debacle against Iraq was one of the greatest in a long series of failures that has publicly exposed the Agency's profound weaknesses. These intelligence failures were due in large measure to the CIA's poor human intelligence collection and shoddy analysis, areas that cannot be remedied alone by the creation of the new Director of National Intelligence post. This article recommends steps needed to increase the quality of intelligence produced by CIA, or elsewhere in the new intelligence community, to move American intelligence in lockstep with military transformation to give the Commander-in-Chief realistic options for countering hostile nation-states or terrorist groups seeking or acquiring WMD.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RVCDTN8L,2005-09-01,Richard L. Russell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:45:26Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520500268954,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077471209,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077471209,2014.0,2017.0,2005.0,,9.0 4519,Intelligence at UN headquarters? The information and research unit and the intervention in Eastern Zaire 1996,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500268921,"For most of its history the United Nations was reluctant to deal with intelligence and major powers were reluctant to share intelligence with it. But as the UN's peacekeeping operations intensified in some of the world's hot spots in the early 1990s, the UN found it both necessary and wise to create an information analysis capability at UN headquarters in New York. To funnel selected intelligence to the headquarters, several countries (including the US, UK, France and Russia) loaned intelligence officers to the UN's Situation Centre on a secondment basis. This paper describes the activities of the SitCen's Information and Research (I&R) Unit that existed from 1993 to 1999 under the informal motto ‘Keeping an Eye on the World’. Using a case study of I&R reporting on the situation in Eastern Zaire (1996), where UN-run refugee camps were under attack, it is possible to examine the nature and utility of the intelligence provided by the intelligence officers to UN decision-makers and the planners of the Canadian-led multinational force in the region. It reveals that the Unit provided significant and useful intelligence about arms shipments, belligerent activities, and the status of refugees and made several prescient predictions and warnings. The Unit sought to minimize national bias and incomplete information, though both problems were still in evidence. Still, in many ways, the I&R Unit remains a useful model for the development of a future intelligence capability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G6ECHV83,2005-09-01,A. Walter Dorn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:45:10Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520500268921,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975525059,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975525059,2013.0,2025.0,2005.0,,8.0 4520,Public intelligence: Leaks as policy instruments–the case of the Iraq war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500268897,"The study of intelligence has focused almost exclusively on ‘secret’ intelligence in its analysis of intelligence failures and the relationship of policy and intelligence. This is not surprising since intelligence analysis takes place in secret. Yet sometimes intelligence becomes public. It does so in ways that hold implications for the quality of the overall intelligence product. In order to develop a complete understanding of the relationship between intelligence and policy we need to more systematically examine the nature of public intelligence. This article provides a framework for doing so, presents historical examples from the American experience and applies the framework to the intelligence used in justifying the Iraq War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R9SG67EE,2005-09-01,Glenn Hastedt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:44:57Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520500268897,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2104733508,61.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2104733508,2013.0,2026.0,2005.0,,8.0 4521,The politics of warning: Terrorism and risk communication,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500281502,"The problem of risk communication in the context of imperfect intelligence regarding a prospective, rather than actual, terrorist attack is examined in order to assess recommendations for precise guidance for the public. Particular problems are noted with the iterative quality of risk communications about terrorism, as they allow the terrorists to change their behaviour, the difficulty of offering tactical warning without a prior strategic analysis, and the tendency to focus on the vulnerabilities of a society rather than the intent of the terrorists. These issues are assessed through a case study of the Bali attacks of 2002, before an analysis of the American experience following the attacks of 9/11. This experience confirms the difficulties of attempting to convey risks to the public by altering public alert levels.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YAFM2PV6,2005-09-01,Lawrence Freedman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:44:44Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684520500281502,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031978271,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031978271,2013.0,2024.0,2005.0,,8.0 4522,The Dutch Affair,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500134115,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AEWK729V,2005-06-01,MRD Foot,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:28:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500134115,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030212603,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030212603,2016.0,2016.0,2005.0,,11.0 4523,Sampling CIA's New Document Retrieval System: McCone Telephone Conversations during the Six Crises Tempest,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500134107,"Documents recently made available at the National Archives by the CIA are accessed through non-traditional archival means: researchers use keywords at computers to obtain them. Most of the documents will be uninteresting or worthless to scholars. Some add important or colorful details to our knowledge of the Agency. An example is a small set of documents detailing 1962 telephone conversations of DCI John McCone with President Kennedy, former DCI Dulles, and former Vice President Nixon about the latter's best-selling book Six Crises, which charged Kennedy with having acted unscrupulously as a presidential candidate in 1960 by advocating covert action against Cuba.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8364SI7M,2005-06-01,"David M Barrett, Raymond Wasko",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:28:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520500134107,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1966870192,0.0,False,,,,2005.0,, 4524,A Creative and Aggressive FBI: The Victor Kravchenko Case,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500134099,"Surveying the FBI's investigation in 1944–46 of Victor Kravchenko, a Soviet employee of the wartime Soviet Government Purchasing Commission who defected in 1944, this article challenges the core assumptions underpinning post-9/11 recommendations intended to preclude future terrorist threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X8CAUXA8,2005-06-01,Athan Theoharis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:28:09Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520500134099,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080820461,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080820461,2015.0,2018.0,2005.0,,10.0 4525,"Could Japan Read Allied Signal Traffic? Japanese Codebreaking and the Advance into French Indo-China, September 1940",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500134065,"The extent of Japanese codebreaking activities before Pearl Harbor has been unclear and many believed that the Japanese Army and Navy destroyed all documents on codebreaking in August 1945. Recently, however, the Japanese Navy records from 1940 were found at the archives of the Defense Agency of Japan. These documents show that the Japanese Navy's codebreaking team was able to read the British, US, French and Chinese diplomatic traffic in 1940. This essay will focus on how the Japanese decision makers exploited the available signal intelligence when Japan advanced into French Indo-China in September 1940.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B9LEAQZ7,2005-06-01,Ken Kotani,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:27:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520500134065,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042365241,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042365241,2015.0,2023.0,2005.0,,10.0 4526,"Western Intelligence and SEATO's War on Subversion, 1956–63",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500134024,"Between 1955 and 1963 Western intelligence agencies regularly met in Thailand under the auspices of the SEATO defence pact. The proceedings of the Committee of Security Experts (CSE) demonstrate a number of internal tensions within Western intelligence and between them and Asian security bodies. A study of the CSE also demonstrates the difficulty in employing counter-subversion strategies when they impinge on democratic rights. The multilateral CSE largely failed in its stated objectives while SEATO was increasingly by-passed by the United States, which pursued a more unilateral course culminating in the Vietnam War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3498AF63,2005-06-01,David McKnight,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:27:34Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520500134024,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083918975,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083918975,2013.0,2020.0,2005.0,,8.0 4527,The Fate of an Orphan: The Hawley Board and the Debates over the Postwar Organization of Medical Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500133935,"The US Army's medical intelligence program developed during World War II to meet the requirements for information on the medical threat facing soldiers deployed in the first truly global military conflict. The war served as a proving ground for the application of medical intelligence on a strategic, operational and tactical level. However, hasty postwar demobilization decimated many wartime intelligence programs, including medical intelligence. The US intelligence community recognized the utility of medical intelligence as part of the overall strategic scientific and technical intelligence program and sought ways to rebuild the program. During the post-World War II debates over the unification of the military services and the responsibilities of the nascent CIA, the ‘Hawley Board’ was one of several committees which studied the problems facing the medical intelligence program. Although there was broad consensus on the need for better coordination of medical intelligence, the intelligence community ultimately failed to adopt the recommendations of the Hawley Board. The principal reasons behind the failure of the Hawley plan were the re-emergence of prewar interservice rivalries, the dominant role of the Army medical intelligence program, and the lack of a joint military–CIA vision of a centralized medical intelligence service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VWAI7YQD,2005-06-01,Jonathan D Clemente,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:27:16Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'N8VR3BYE']",10.1080/02684520500133935,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026189770,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026189770,2022.0,2022.0,2005.0,,17.0 4528,"The Royal Navy, Intelligence and the Spanish Civil War: Lessons in Air Power, 1936–39",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500133901,"This article discusses the Royal Navy (RN)—Royal Air Force (RAF) feud concerning the use of air power in the round through an investigation of each service's appreciations of the lessons being learned about air power during the Spanish Civil War. It reveals that despite such bodies as the Joint Intelligence Committee existing, for the processing of operational and strategic intelligence, there was very little that was joint about the way air power lessons were being used to inform RN and RAF interwar preparations for future conflict. Not only were the RN and RAF rivals, which dragged out the process and skewed the results so that they became useless for planning, but in that non-joint age each service could use the results for its own separate purposes and avoid any synergy among the services for operational and strategic effectiveness.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/79TK7XXU,2005-06-01,Greg Kennedy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:27:01Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500133901,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2012515456,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012515456,2012.0,2019.0,2005.0,,7.0 4529,"‘Before the Colonel Arrived’: Hoover, Donovan, Roosevelt, and the Origins of American Central Intelligence, 1940–41",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500133836,"Credit for the origins of American central intelligence are commonly placed solely with Colonel William Donovan who visited Great Britain in 1940–41 and, based upon these experiences, subsequently reported to the Roosevelt White House on the need for a centralized American intelligence organization. Yet evidence indicates that prior to Donovan's overseas visit and report to the White House, representatives of the Federal Bureau of Investigation traveled to Britain, surveyed its intelligence apparatus, and FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover submitted a report to President Roosevelt pre-dating Donovan's. Historians, therefore, must reconsider the origins of American central intelligence as not influenced by any one individual but by multiple individuals with bureaucratic interests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S78J5NWW,2005-06-01,Douglas M Charles,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:26:36Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500133836,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041220067,31.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041220067,2015.0,2022.0,2005.0,,10.0 4530,The Ultra Secret and Churchill's War Memoirs,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500133810,"Ultra was one of the best-kept secrets of World War Two, concealed for nearly 30 years. A major reason, this article argues, was the precedent set by Churchill's war memoirs, published in 1948–54. The intelligence authorities feared that, if Churchill disclosed anything about Ultra, this would be a green light to those who had worked at Bletchley Park. Using documentation from the Churchill Archives and the Cabinet Office files, the article examines the pressure they successfully put on Churchill and the way Ultra was edited out of his memoirs, looking particularly at big stories such as the battle for Crete, operation Barbarossa, Pearl Harbor and the D-Day deception campaign.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8M8LC4HS,2005-06-01,David Reynolds,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:26:21Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520500133810,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996634471,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996634471,2012.0,2015.0,2005.0,,7.0 4531,SOE's Foreign Currency Transactions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0266684520500059528,"This article provides an account of the work of the Finance (D/Fin) Directorate of the Special Operations Executive in acquiring foreign currency for use by the British intelligence community and the service departments during the Second World War. This activity earned SOE the gratitude of the Bank of England, which had experienced mounting difficulties in the acquisition of such currency. SOE's involvement in such financial operations also played a significant part in Lord Selborne's response to the JIC enquiry into SOE of December 1943. This article suggests that the significance of these financial operations is missed when SOE is examined through a geographical, country section, perspective, and argues that greater attention needs to be given to SOE's non-geographical sections.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/57X7R4BE,2005-03-01,Christopher J Murphy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:21:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0266684520500059528,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070981095,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070981095,2012.0,2025.0,2005.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/1276/,7.0 4532,"‘Toughs and Thugs’: The Mazzini Society and Political Warfare amongst Italian POWs in India, 1941–43",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500059486,"During the early days of the Second World War, the British government created a number of clandestine agencies whose mission was to undertake covert intelligence and propaganda work. One of the problems these organizations, such as SOE and the PWE, experienced was the lack of qualified linguists who could be used in the murky world of espionage, political warfare and counter-propaganda. By early 1941, unable to find large numbers of qualified people in Britain or the Empire, Whitehall – in desperation – looked towards the United States with its large Italian émigré community and the little known anti-fascist organization known as the Mazzini Society. This article is a study in failure. Using British attempts to forge a Free Italy movement between 1941 and 1943, it examines the sometimes farcical attempts by SOE, and later the PWE, in recruiting Italo-Americans for clandestine political warfare work in the fight against fascist Italy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RVHEP4BS,2005-03-01,KENT FEDOROWICH,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:20:41Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500059486,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082350104,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082350104,2020.0,2020.0,2005.0,,15.0 4533,"A Succession of Crises: SOE in the Middle East, 1940–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500059452,"A detailed account of SOE in the Middle East is a prominent omission from the collection of studies on SOE during the Second World War. This is surprising given the importance of the region to Britain and the fact that some records were released, with a helpful guide, in 1994. Using these records, and the SOE War Diary (released in 1999), this article intends to show that SOE operations in the Middle East were characterized by a succession of crises. These fall into three periods: the early activities in 1940–41; the post-occupational planning phase of 1941–43, and the post-October 1943 period which saw reorganization, the recession of the German threat, the disbandment of the post-occupational schemes and the desire to re-tool SOE in the Middle East for peacetime/post-war problems.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SHVQ7JBD,2005-03-01,Saul Kelly,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:20:27Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500059452,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2170230165,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2170230165,2014.0,2023.0,2005.0,,9.0 4534,Ungentlemanly Warriors or Unreliable Diplomats? Special Operations Executive and ‘Irregular Political Activities’ in Europe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500059445,"This paper examines the development of SOE's ‘irregular political activities’. It argues that SOE's approach to political warfare evolved considerably over the course of the war, partly as a response to changes in SOE's leadership, but primarily on account of its failure to carve a niche for itself within British diplomacy in Europe that did not ‘threaten’ the interests of the established government agencies in this area. Despite a recrudescence of its covert political work in the final year of the war, SOE was unable to persuade the political and military leadership of the benefits of conducting ‘irregular political activities’ in support of British diplomacy and as a consequence the legacy it was able to leave for Britain's post-war operations in this area was a meagre one.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/62E22PHX,2005-03-01,Neville Wylie,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:20:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500059445,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018604359,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018604359,2016.0,2019.0,2005.0,,11.0 4535,Communist in SOE: Explaining James Klugmann's Recruitment and Retention,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500059437,"James Klugmann spent two and a half years working on the staff of the Yugoslav Section of SOE. One of the most active and overt British communists of his generation, he has long been accused of having exploited that post to manipulate operations and policy in the interests of the communist cause. With reference to SOE and MI5 records, this study reveals how he was able to join and remain in SOE in spite of his pre-war profile as a leading student activist of the left.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VKE6PIBR,2005-03-01,Roderick Bailey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:19:59Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500059437,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033610338,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033610338,2012.0,2022.0,2005.0,,7.0 4536,"The ‘Massingham’ Mission and the Secret ‘Special Relationship’: Cooperation and Rivalry between the Anglo-American Clandestine Services in French North Africa, November 1942–May 1943",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500059395,"The origins of the clandestine Anglo-American ‘special relationship’ during the first desperate years of the Second World War continue to fascinate historians. Yet until recently the scholarly focus has been on the institutional history of the alliance, and the role Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill played in fostering early covert initiatives. Now the emphasis is shifting to how the two leaders' directives were adapted and codified by ordinary members of the Anglo-American secret services – a sort of cloak-and-dagger social history. This essay explores how British and American operatives transformed their leaders' exhortations to work together into a feasible modus operandi at ‘Massingham’, a major clandestine training centre established west of Algiers after the Allied TORCH landings in November 1942.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CKHUNY8T,2005-03-01,TC Wales,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:19:43Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500059395,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980341662,0.0,False,,,,2005.0,, 4537,A Glass Half Full – Some Thoughts on the Evolution of the Study of the Special Operations Executive,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500059353,"The Special Operations Executive was the least secret of the British secret services during the Second World War. Initially, its public image was formed by popular accounts of celebrated agents and controversial (real and imagined) causes célèbres. Whitehall's attitude to SOE since the organization's disbandment in 1946 had, until recent times, been cautious and restrictive. Early initiatives such as the appointment of an SOE Adviser and the commissioning of official histories gave the impression of a commitment to promoting SOE's history, but this was largely misleading. The Adviser's brief was, in large part, to inhibit research, and the histories met with mixed fortunes including delays, indifferent quality and, in one case, remaining on the classified list for over 50 years. SOE's papers were only released to the Public Record Office (the National Archives) in 1993 and now most are available to researchers. The question has to be asked whether access to the records has inspired a radical improvement in the study of the subject.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NMT47QHM,2005-03-01,Mark Seaman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:19:28Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500059353,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976444514,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976444514,2012.0,2022.0,2005.0,,7.0 4538,‘Of Historical Interest Only’: The Origins and Vicissitudes of the SOE Archive,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500059338,"This article is an updated version of a paper of the same title which I delivered to a conference on SOE at the Imperial War Museum in October 1998, when I was SOE Adviser to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, a post which became redundant in early 2002 with the final releases of SOE files to the Public Records Office. Among my sources were documents which have not been released, but which I was permitted to cite, concerning the transfer of responsibility for the SOE Archive to SIS in early 1946 and its subsequent history. The article thus describes the largely unsuccessful attempt by SOE, during the last year of its existence, to collate its most important papers into a central filing system after destroying an unquantifiable mass of so-called ephemeral material; the post-war destruction of an unknown number of files in the fire in Baker Street; further waves of destruction by SIS based on judgements about the possible future utility of material in the Archive; and the eventual reorganization in the early 1970s by a professional archivist from the PRO who established the order in which we have it today and who estimated that at least 87 per cent of the original Archive had by then been destroyed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RB8EFTBI,2005-03-01,Duncan Stuart,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T19:19:09Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520500059338,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2158814854,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2158814854,2016.0,2023.0,2005.0,,11.0 4539,Radio Silence and Radio Deception: Secrecy Insurance for the Pearl Harbor Strike Force,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000327537,"Despite solid documentation that the Japanese Strike Force maintained strict radio silence, recent revisionists have seriously misinterpreted new US archival releases in an effort to 'prove' that US Officials acquired advance knowledge of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Using twenty-year-old 'remembrances', long dismissed claims that the British also acquired such 'foreknowledge' have been recently resurrected and supplemented with similar Canadian allegations. Instead of code-breaking, it is now is suggested that such 'foreknowledge' was acquired by tracking the Strike Force by direction finder bearings and 'fixes'. However, these revisionist claims are fraught with a wide range of serious errors that render them baseless. Therefore, their allegations of advance knowledge of the attack and suggestions of a deliberate US failure to warn Hawaiian military officials must be completely disregarded as without any foundation whatsoever.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W3RTMFEC,2004-12-01,Philip Jacobsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:29:52Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/0268452042000327537,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2126259633,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2126259633,2015.0,2016.0,2004.0,,11.0 4540,"The Anschluss Question in Italian Defence Policy, 1933-37",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000327546,"This article analyses the vexed question of the Austro-German Anschluss in the context of fascist Italian defence policy during the critical period between 1933 and late 1937. It argues that although Benito Mussolini viewed the Nazi regime as a potential alliance partner long before Italy signed the Pact of Steel in May 1939, he mistrusted Hitler profoundly. This was especially the case over the Anschluss question, which, had it occurred during the course of the fascist assault on Ethiopia (1935-36), would have generated considerable internal alarm and threatened Mussolini's political authority. The essay argues that only with Ethiopia conquered, and the Axis relationship a prominent feature of fascist policy, was it possible for Mussolini to consider Italian accession to a full Austro-German union. At that point military planning and intelligence work no longer considered the likelihood of an Italo-German armed clash over Austria.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/235TIZV9,2004-12-01,Robert Mallett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:29:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/0268452042000327546,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971893392,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971893392,2015.0,2021.0,2004.0,,11.0 4541,"US Atomic Energy Intelligence Against the Soviet Target, 1945-1970",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000327555,"Throughout the Cold War, the United States and its allies mounted a massive atomic energy intelligence effort against the Soviet Union. Long-range, standoff technical systems provided the most data and allowed for successful tracking of many aspects of the Soviet nuclear program. Because of the closed nature of Soviet society and Soviet security and counter-intelligence measures, exploitation of open sources and traditional espionage operations, although important, were less productive. The relative lack of human intelligence made it difficult to understand important developments inside the Soviet nuclear complex and resulted in significant intelligence gaps.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UYP4D84X,2004-12-01,Oleg Bukharin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:28:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/0268452042000327555,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2133591575,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2133591575,2014.0,2020.0,2004.0,,10.0 4542,CIA's Leadership and Major Covert Operations: Rogue Elephants or Risk-Averse Bureaucrats?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000327564,"The Central Intelligence Agency has often been accused of distorting intelligence analysis to encourage covert operations. However, there has been little systematic research done to determine, 1) if this problem actually exists, 2) whether it is better or worse under certain circumstances and, 3) what, if anything, can be done. I start by demonstrating that, in fact, the attitude of CIA leaders towards covert operations does cause them to distort the intelligence they deliver to policymakers. I test three hypotheses which attempt to explain why leaders' concern for promoting the Agency's interests leads them to adopt a particular form of bias at a particular time. Finally, I offer recommendations for mitigating the causes and effects of distorted intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BKNXJZ2L,2004-12-01,Todd Stiefler,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:28:18Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/0268452042000327564,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972150105,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972150105,2017.0,2019.0,2004.0,,13.0 4543,Soviet Spies and British Counter-Intelligence in the 1930s: Espionage in the Woolwich Arsenal and the Foreign Office Communications Department,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000327519,"Among the recently declassified security documents from the MI5 archive have been files about British counter-espionage against the Soviet Union in the 1930s. The collaboration between Russian archivists and western academics and journalists has produced official and unofficial accounts of such espionage from the Soviet perspective. The management of the spies Percy Glading and John Herbert King, and their discovery by British counter-espionage, were interesting examples of the contest between Soviet intelligence and the British security authorities, which highlighted the strengths and weaknesses of both sides in a basically unequal contest.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DESPSXQA,2004-12-01,Richard Thurlow,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:27:47Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/0268452042000327519,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999479891,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999479891,2019.0,2024.0,2004.0,,15.0 4544,Britain Betwixt and Between: Uk SIGINT Alliance Strategy's Transatlantic and European Connections,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000327528,"Intelligence alliances are among the most intimate and enduring international security relationships. International partnerships have proven to be especially relevant to signals intelligence (SIGINT), where collaboration among allies has been crucial for extending the range and scope of geographic coverage. One of the earliest and most enduring SIGINT alliances dates back to the Second World War, when Great Britain and the United States collaborated in intercepting German and Japanese electronic communications and shared the intelligence product. This Anglo-American wartime partnership subsequently evolved and expanded during the post-war and Cold War eras, and continues up to the present as the core of a wider plurilateral SIGINT alliance involving Australia, Canada and New Zealand as well. Britain's accession to the European Communities, now the European Union (EU), did not, at first, detract from its transatlantic intelligence connection. By the late 1990s, however, European partners had begun to challenge Britain's alliance strategy for SIGINT, in particular, out of heightened concern for their own communications security and in response to the increasing salience of economic intelligence in contemporary international affairs. British statecraft now found itself confronted by mounting pressure from EU partners to reorient the UK intelligence away from its long-standing transatlantic SIGINT connection, so as to undermine American reach and also promote a potentially competing European capability to achieve global coverage in signals intelligence collection. While the 2003 war against Iraq certainly consolidated the trans-Atlantic alliance between the UK and USA, while alienating the Americans from the so-called 'Old Europe' led by France and Germany, the longer term spin-offs from that conflict seem likely to exacerbate those pressures on British intelligence strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W3E9TP45,2004-12-01,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:27:16Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/0268452042000327528,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993585633,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993585633,2013.0,2025.0,2004.0,,9.0 4545,Debate: The Stasi Files,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000316287,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DTWNBN36,2004-09-01,"Paul Maddrell, Anthony Glees",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:26:49Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/0268452042000316287,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2115405303,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2115405303,,,2004.0,, 4546,Security Implications of Japan's Information Gathering Satellite (IGS) System,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000316278,"Countries which previously limited their space activity to civilian purposes have increasingly come to employ dual-use technology as a first step into the world of military space. Japan's Information Gathering Satellite (IGS) system, intended to support disaster relief situations, and provide information for diplomatic and defense policy decision-making, is exemplary of this trend. Not coincidentally, the program was approved shortly after the 31 August 1998 North Korean launch of a Taepo Dong missile that sailed over Japan. While the program had been unsuccessfully proposed previously, Japanese politicians, surprised by the launch, became amenable to the point of perhaps rushing their decision. This article suggests that what capabilities these satellites render appear to Japanese policy makers to be a secondary concern to the initiation of an autonomous intelligence capability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7HN3JZR2,2004-09-01,"Joan Johnson-Freese, Lance Gatling",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:26:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/0268452042000316278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010767740,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010767740,2012.0,2018.0,2004.0,,8.0 4547,"Englishmen in New York: The SIS American Station, 1915-21",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000316269,"This article examines the organization, personnel and selected operations of the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in New York during and immediately after the First World War. Under the leadership of Sir William Wiseman, SIS agents successfully combated German intrigues as well as Irish and Indian nationalists. The greatest challenges, however, were managing the shifting relationship with American authorities and the encroachments of rival British agencies such as MI5. The roles of Guy Gaunt, Robert Nathan and Norman Thwaites are given particular attention.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UH7CVBC6,2004-09-01,Richard Spence,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:26:08Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/0268452042000316269,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2047244769,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2047244769,2013.0,2021.0,2004.0,,9.0 4548,Preparing for Armageddon: Jic 1 (Final) and the Soviet Attack on Canada,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000316250,"From 1945 to 1947 Canada shifted from a dependency on Great Britain for wartime operational intelligence to a junior partnership with the United States in the production of strategic threat assessments of the Soviet Union. Working through the Military Cooperation Committee the primary objective of Canadian and American officials was to update the wartime Defence Plan (ABC-22), with a Basic Security Plan for the post-war defence of North America. Each country was to produce a detailed 'Implementation' based on an intelligence 'Appreciation' of the threats facing North America in the 'air-atomic age'. Towards this end, the Canadian Joint Intelligence Committee prepared JIC 1 (Final), a report on when, where, and in what capacity the Soviet Union would strike Canada in the event of the next major war. The basic problem facing the Canadian Joint Intelligence Committee was to incorporate American sources in the assessment of Soviet capabilities without simply producing a carbon copy version of the assessment of their continental ally. Moreover, the Canadians were particularly concerned that they produce a 'made in Canada' assessment of Soviet intentions. The report was completed and approved by Canadian and American defence officials in 1947 and updated versions became the basis for continental defence planning until the signing of the 1957 Norad agreement.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QN8HCC7M,2004-09-01,Lawrence Aronsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:25:56Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/0268452042000316250,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002750039,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002750039,2013.0,2019.0,2004.0,,9.0 4549,Securing the Globe: Intelligence and the Post-9/11 Shift from 'Liddism' to 'Drainism',Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000316241,"Significant shifts have been underway in security intelligence agencies and processes since the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States. Whereas the previous quarter of a century had seen a considerable democratization of intelligence, the article examines whether UK and US government responses risk the re-creation of 'security states'. Changes since 9/11 in law, doctrine, the intelligence process - targeting, collection, analysis, dissemination and action - and oversight are considered and it is concluded that there is a danger of the rebirth of independent security states.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KCXGK9VV,2004-09-01,Peter Gill,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:25:38Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/0268452042000316241,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2028505671,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028505671,2012.0,2022.0,2004.0,,8.0 4550,The Reckoning: Official Inquiries and the Iraq War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000316232,"The moral and political reverberations of the Iraq War of 2003 are still being felt all over the world. In the belligerent democracies of the West, official inquiries of all kinds and conditions have probed and exposed the nature of government, the reflexes of the national security state, and, most extraordinarily, the sensitive relations between rulers and intelligencers. For all parties the consequences have been severe. Focusing on Britain, and especially on the inquiries led by Lord Hutton and Lord Butler - an odd couple but a revelatory combination - this article takes stock of the reckoning.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3IHTKF4Y,2004-09-01,Alex Danchev,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:25:00Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/0268452042000316232,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969926201,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969926201,2012.0,2024.0,2004.0,,8.0 4551,"Intelligence Reform: Will More Agencies, Money, and Personnel Help?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000316223,"The contemporary political climate is virtually demanding significant intelligence reforms based on what are seen as poor performances in recent crises. Many of these demands will ask for new agencies, more money, and more personnel. Such actions could well worsen the US intelligence process rather than strengthen it. However, now is a propitious time to make certain internal reforms and to find a way for the Intelligence Community to be truly integrated.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J7C37IE7,2004-09-01,"Stan Taylor, David Goldman",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:24:49Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/0268452042000316223,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2035789505,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2035789505,2012.0,2022.0,2004.0,,8.0 4552,"The 'Preferred Plan': The Anglo-American Working Group Report on Covert Action in Syria, 1957",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000316214,"Taking as its central focus the contents of the September 1957 Anglo-American Working Group Report on Syria, this article examines the background to the covert action plans that were drawn up to topple the incumbent regime in Damascus. By drawing on the contents of the report, it shows how US and British officials hoped to stir up unrest within Syria and instigate border incidents that would provide a pretext for armed intervention by the pro-Western governments of Iraq and Jordan (with possible Turkish support). The article also brings to light the fact that the 'elimination' of named Syrian figures was included as a recommendation in the report. The article concludes by explaining why the report's so-called 'Preferred Plan' was never implemented and reflects on the 'special political action' culture that still prevailed in SIS during the latter 1950s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W4BLS7ZL,2004-09-01,Matthew Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:24:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/0268452042000316214,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2167218282,36.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2167218282,2012.0,2026.0,2004.0,,8.0 4553,Hunters not Gatherers: Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000302010,"Because of its origins in a sort of anti-Elizabethan paranoia against centralised government, the United States is poorly set up institutionally to cope with the major danger to itself in the twenty-first century: the threat posed by Islamist terrorism. The Director of Central Intelligence is neither central nor fully directing. A large part of the intelligence community, especially in terms of budgets and supervision, is outside his direct control. There is a 'waters edge' separation between the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the CIA. Essentially the CIA collects foreign intelligence and counter-intelligence overseas. The FBI, primarily a crime-oriented organisation, has had only a secondary function of domestic counter-intelligence. It is a case-oriented agency focused on establishing past facts in order to bring suspects to justice. It is psychologically ill-adapted to conceptualising threats that lie upstream, that is, in the future. In this context, September 11 can be most properly described as a failure of imagination. Remedies being proposed range from creating an internal security service à la Britain's MI5 to establishing a semi-autonomous domestic counter-intelligence agency within the FBI. In the field of covert action, intelligence in the twenty-first century likely will be characterised by what could be termed an offensive hunt strategy. Put in another way, intelligence operatives in the twenty-first century will become hunters, not gatherers. They will not simply sit back and gather information that comes in, analyse it, and then decide what to do about it. Rather they will have to go and hunt out intelligence that will enable them to track down or kill terrorists. This will involve sending operatives into countries with which we are not at war, indeed in some cases countries with which we have correct relations. In many circumstances, however, terrorist leaders will be hunted down with the help of host country elements. The likelihood is that this new strategy will be implemented primarily in terms of Special Forces operations aided by CIA elements. Modalities will have to be worked out between the Department of Defense and the CIA as to how such offensive hunt operations are to be carried out and how congressional oversight will be exercised.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TS5HGTPT,2004-06-01,Charles Cogan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:23:29Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/0268452042000302010,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981492819,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981492819,2013.0,2024.0,2004.0,,9.0 4554,The Geopolitics of James Bond,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000302001,"This article considers the politics of James Bond in order to throw light on the interaction of 'real' geopolitics and literary and cinematic representations. The Bond literature provides many opportunities for considering aspects of the popular perception of the worlds of intelligence, including, for example, the stress on covert operations and on human intelligence rather than on signals operations. The stories can also be used to consider changing images of Britain, the United States and the world, and can at times be seen as efforts to create an impression of the normality of British imperial rule and Empire. Echoes of Anglo-American competition and tension are also to be found in the Bond literature. An important, albeit concealed, theme is Britain's diminished political and military presence in Cold War confrontations and a corresponding need to adapt to the United States. Cinematic representations of Bond have presented the world with an image of global struggle through Western eyes, having depicted shifts in the Cold War and addressing themes such as the space race, nuclear confrontation and drugs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EIVY5F9A,2004-06-01,Jeremy Black,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:23:12Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/0268452042000302001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045029342,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045029342,2013.0,2026.0,2004.0,,9.0 4555,"Fiction, Faction and Intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000302065,"There is a demonstrable overlap between authentic intelligence operations and the way they have been portrayed in works of fiction, which is not entirely surprising considering the number of distinguished, and some lesser-known, novelists who have worked for MI5 and the Secret Intelligence Service over the years. Setting aside for a moment the work of Compton Mackenzie, Graham Greene, John le Carré and Somerset Maugham, arguably SIS's most renowned authors, what about Kenneth Benton, David Footman and Jack Cordeaux? The writing culture was especially prevalent in the Security Service, where the legendary case officer Jack Bingham, for whom David Cornwall once worked, raised no objection to the employment of authors. His colleague Max Knight wrote some terrible thrillers, and his assistant, William Younger, chose the interesting pen-name William Mole. Bingham's wife Madeleine and daughter Charlotte, who also worked for MI5, wrote many books, and they were not alone. Curiously, however, it is Ian Fleming who has attracted the greatest attention for his great invention, 007. Yet there remains some doubt about whether Bond may not have been inspired by his former tutor in pre-war Kitzbuhel, Phyllis Bottome, whose 1946 novel The Lifeline introduced a suave, German-speaking, Swiss-educated, mountaineering, British agent a full five years before the publication of Casino Royale. A coincidence? Maybe, but the paths taken by these two authors criss-cross on many occasions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/58P5KNZA,2004-06-01,Nigel West,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:22:59Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/0268452042000302065,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2057977293,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057977293,2016.0,2025.0,2004.0,,12.0 4556,Bletchley Park and the Holocaust,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000302994,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/89W3Z5VE,2004-06-01,Michael Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:22:39Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0268452042000302994,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079855737,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079855737,2012.0,2023.0,2004.0,,8.0 4557,"Netcentric Warfare, C4ISR and Information Operations: Towards a Revolution in Military Intelligence?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000302967,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R5VE8YPF,2004-06-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:21:31Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/0268452042000302967,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2049291359,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2049291359,2013.0,2026.0,2004.0,,9.0 4558,"Iraq March–April 2003: Outcomes, a Division of Views - and an Abuse of Intelligence?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000222957,"Three things happened in Iraq in March/April 2003 – an invasion, a military campaign and a start on the reconstruction of that country. In making the case for these the UK and US governments drew ‘with exceptional frankness’ on the reports of their intelligence agencies. In using and, it maybe, abusing such material the governments laid themselves open to charges of deception in arguing the case for war. All of this brought out serious differences of view between the United States and others. Such differences are argued by Robert Kagan in his book Paradise & Power: America and Europe in the New World Order as being fundamental and permanent, with the American view to prevail. This article sets out why the author believes that the American view is, at important points, fallacious.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WCMP8FBF,2004-03-01,Humphry Crum Ewing,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:18:57Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/0268452042000222957,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037171208,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037171208,2021.0,2021.0,2004.0,,17.0 4559,"Canada's Foreign Intelligence Interview Program, 1953-90",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000222948,"Canada's Interview Program, established in 1953, was a modest overt human intelligence collector conducting voluntary debriefings of persons with knowledge of ‘denied areas’. Interviews focused on East European industrial capabilities and orders of battle information. Initially housed with intelligence at National Defence, the Interview Program moved to External Affairs in 1968, where it remains.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EE6Z8TB7,2004-03-01,Kurt F Jensen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:18:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/0268452042000222948,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983939600,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983939600,2012.0,2025.0,2004.0,,8.0 4560,"‘Because I Don't Trust Him, We are Friends’: Signals Intelligence and the Reluctant Anglo-Soviet Embrace, 1917–24",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000222911,"Signals intelligence was crucial in helping British policymakers come to grips with Communist subversion – real or imagined – in this country. Still, though released by GCHQ in the late 1990s, Soviet diplomatic intercepts have yet to feature prominently in any study of early Anglo-Russian relations. While they ought not to be regarded on their own as the definitive source on Soviet foreign policy, GCCS intercepts tell us a great deal not only about how Moscow used the threat of subversion as a bargaining chip but also about personalities and bureaucratic rivalries on the Soviet side.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SJZUUFZ5,2004-03-01,Victor Madeira,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:17:35Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/0268452042000222911,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980975705,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980975705,2014.0,2021.0,2004.0,,10.0 4561,Mything the Point: What's Wrong with the Conventional Wisdom about the C.I.A,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000222902,"This article examines seven myths about the Central Intelligence Agency. These misperceptions persist because of an inadequate understanding of the relationship between intelligence and policy, outdated stereotypes that ignore recent reforms, and the politics that accompany delivering bad news to senior officials. Scholars and intelligence officers looking to advance the debate on intelligence issues could usefully focus their research on several core dynamics: sharpening the distinction between intelligence failures and policy failures; deconstructing intelligence successes to determine whether those ‘best practices’ can be replicated elsewhere; and monitoring the risks when an apolitical intelligence agency closely interacts with the policy community. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Government. The authors thank Dr. Michael O'Hanlon and Dr. Jennifer Kibbe of the Brookings Institution for comments on an earlier draft.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3NV6PPBE,2004-03-01,"William C Prillaman, Michael P Dempsey",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:17:22Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/0268452042000222902,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2166210566,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2166210566,2022.0,2022.0,2004.0,,18.0 4562,Deep Probe: The Evolution of Network Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520310001688925,"Over the last several decades, civil society activists and non-governmental organizations have been employing new information and communication technologies, such as the Internet, to facilitate their activities. At the same time, an increasing number of computer scientists, hackers, and engineers have become increasingly politicized, contributing their skills to security, privacy, and networking tools used by civil society organizations worldwide. The merging of these two social forces, and their sophisticated uses of technology for political action, is giving rise to a new form of distributed information and communication networking that I refer to as ‘network intelligence’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FK7V7DJF,2003-12-01,Ronald J Deibert,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:17:01Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684520310001688925,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2012319526,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012319526,2013.0,2017.0,2003.0,,10.0 4563,"A New American Way of War? C4ISR, Intelligence and Information Operations in Operation ‘Iraqi Freedom’: A Provisional Assessment",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520310001688916,"This work examines publicly material available released as of 2 September 2003 on the role of intelligence for the Coalition side during the 2003 Gulf War. It assesses how far the Coalition side practised deception, psychological warfare, and information operations during that conflict, and how far intelligence served the needs of military forces. It focuses on failures as well as successes. It compares the real performance of intelligence during the conflict with the role forecast for C4ISR and Information Operations by theorists of the RMA, and modern strategy. It concludes that the Coalition forces practised Information Operations very well, but that at the operational level, there had been no revolution in military intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T45ZPHAK,2003-12-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:16:49Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520310001688916,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989220996,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989220996,2012.0,2024.0,2003.0,,9.0 4564,Bombing at the Speed of Thought: Intelligence in the Coming Age of Cyberwar,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520310001688907,"The Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) puts new technology at the service of an old idea: the perfectability of intelligence. At least since the founding of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947, defense and intelligence officials have entertained fantasies of an ideal information environment in which a complete, impartial, and accurate picture of events dispels the fog of politics and war. Amid the enthusiasm among military futurists for ‘total information dominance’, it is worth asking why the intelligence community has this recurring dream.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CHPWF42U,2003-12-01,Nick Cullather,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:16:29Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/02684520310001688907,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968203219,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968203219,2013.0,2026.0,2003.0,,10.0 4565,All Glory is Fleeting: Sigint and the Fight Against International Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520310001688880,"This article discusses the important role that Signals Intelligence (Sigint) has played, and continues to play, in the war against international terrorism. It sets out what is known or can be authoritatively established about the role that Sigint played in the events leading up to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, especially the performance of America's Sigint organization, the National Security Agency (NSA). The article also analyzes what the potential future role of Sigint may be in the war on terrorism given the ever changing nature of terrorist operations, the growing number of technological impediments to effective Sigint collection against terrorist targets, and shifting geostrategic considerations on the part of the nations engaged in the fight against the international terrorists.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/85L926KV,2003-12-01,Matthew M Aid,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:15:57Z,"['T92JK7A5', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684520310001688880,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989497434,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989497434,2014.0,2025.0,2003.0,,11.0 4566,9/11: The Failure of Strategic Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520310001688871,"Professor Goodman analyses the failure of US intelligence prior to 9/11 setting the context in the 1980s and 1990s. He dissects the flaws of the CIA, FBI and the Pentagon. He argues that the State Department should be strengthened because its capabilities are the most important. He also recommends that the FBI be split in two and that the CIA's budget be disclosed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q92JUHPU,2003-12-01,Melvin A Goodman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:15:42Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684520310001688871,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985393046,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985393046,2012.0,2023.0,2003.0,,9.0 4567,"Counter-Terrorism, Information Technology and Intelligence Change",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520310001693181,"Since 11 September 2001 Counter-Terrorism has been Intelligence's super-priority. It puts a special emphasis on the potential of advanced Information Technology for integrating different databases in different organizations. The problems of applying it fully are organizational and cultural, not technical. They should be met through emphasizing the unity of modern intelligence power, and through personnel policies across separate agencies designed to develop this holistic view. Central authority and leadership will be needed for these purposes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AL5XITX8,2003-12-01,Michael Herman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:15:29Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684520310001693181,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084876259,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084876259,2016.0,2022.0,2003.0,,13.0 4568,Intelligence for the Twenty-First Century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520310001688862,"The transformation of intelligence architectures, particularly in the West, is no less profound than that of the weapons, platforms, warfighting systems and governments they are designed to support and inform. Moreover, the cumulative weight of the changes in prospect will redefine the way in which intelligence is used and conceived. The old demarcation lines between strategic and operational intelligence and between operations and intelligence, once starkly differentiated will blur. Decision-makers will have better access to intelligence as a result of advances in ‘pull’ technology which have made possible intelligence on demand while open source intelligence will enrich and add value to national intelligence databases. Although information will become more plentiful and less of a privileged source in the global information environment of the twenty-first century, paradoxically the demand for timely, high quality strategic and operational intelligence will intensify rather than diminish. What will distinguish the successful practitioners of twenty-first century intelligence is the ability to fuse and integrate all elements of the process to provide seamless support for policy-makers and operational commanders. However, despite impressive advances in integration, technical collection and communications no intelligence system, no matter how efficacious, will ever be able to completely dispel the fog of war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UIRFMQ9X,2003-12-01,Alan Dupont,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:15:17Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520310001688862,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2078884373,29.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078884373,2012.0,2025.0,2003.0,,9.0 4569,Threat assessments and the legitimation of policy?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306980,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2LLKYUSX,2003-09-01,Michael Herman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:14:54Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684520412331306980,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981376054,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981376054,2016.0,2022.0,2003.0,,13.0 4570,The mathematics of O'Brien's principle: an invitation to quantification,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306970,"The quantitative management sciences provide a model that can be readily applied to intelligence functions. This model is typically applied to manage inventories of commodities and products, but can be used as well to restate well-known principles of intelligence in mathematical terms. Such a restatement establishes a framework suitable for formulating and testing hypotheses involving intelligence, such as those posed recently by David Kahn.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SAE4WUBX,2003-09-01,Barrett Riordan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:14:36Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684520412331306970,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065994947,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065994947,2017.0,2017.0,2003.0,,14.0 4571,"Research note: the Daniel report on UK atomic intelligence, 1954",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306960,"Following an Open Goverment initiative request the 1954 Daniel Report on atomic intelligence was declassified. The Report was the culmination of a request by the Chiefs of Staff for a comprehensive evaluation of the British atomic intelligence organisation. This previously classified document details the Directorate of Atomic Energy (Intelligence), from its organisation to its performances – it therefore represents an insight into the hitherto closed environment of the British intelligence machinery's highest priority target in the postwar world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HMCH5XUM,2003-09-01,Michael Goodman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:14:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306960,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071505756,0.0,False,,,,2003.0,, 4572,The Malayan Security Service (1945–1948),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306950,"The Malayan Security Service (MSS) was the main intelligence agency of the British when they returned to Singapore in September 1945 following the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II. It was responsible for obtaining and collating information on subversive organisations and personalities in Singapore/Malaya. As there was some dissatisfaction over its alleged failure to forewarn the British colonial authorities of the impending uprising of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), it was disbanded in August 1948 just after the start of the Malayan Emergency, and its functions were taken over by the Singapore and Malayan Police Special Branches.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4NATRR8A,2003-09-01,Leon Comber,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:11:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520412331306950,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064068959,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064068959,2014.0,2024.0,2003.0,,11.0 4573,"The secret service department: a British Intelligence Bureau in mid-Victorian London, September 1867 to April 1868",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306940,"In December 1867 the Earl of Derby's government established a ‘Secret Service Department’ in London to extend Dublin Castle's anti- Fenian intelligence network to England and to contend with the perceived threat posed by domestic and international secret societies. This secret detective force – an early English intelligence bureau – lasted only until April 1868, but its disbandment reflected practical and administrative difficulties rather than a pervading prejudice towards spying. Indeed, the motivations for founding the department and the actions of those involved suggest that long before the establishment of the Special Branch in the 1880s, need rather than principle determined official actions in regard to political espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/26HUT66L,2003-09-01,Padraic Kennedy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:11:41Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/02684520412331306940,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024524495,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024524495,2012.0,2023.0,2003.0,,9.0 4574,Politics and the attack on FDR's economists: from the grand alliance to the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306930,"US government economists in the later years of the administration of Franklin Roosevelt were urged to treat the Soviet Union as an ally, in the interests of winning World War II and establishing the basis for peaceful cooperation after the war. The onset of the Cold War and the subsequent rise of McCarthyism sullied the reputations of many of them, especially the two most prominent: Lauchlin Currie (chief economist in the White House) and Harry Dexter White (chief economist in the Treasury). Close examination of the parallels between these two seemingly disparate cases reveals that recent attempts to revive the charges are no more firmly based than those of the early 1950s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SNDKPR2T,2003-09-01,"James Boughton, Roger Sandilands",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:11:25Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306930,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067978619,33.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067978619,2012.0,2023.0,2003.0,https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/6917/6/strathprints006917.pdf,9.0 4575,Who was ‘Venona's’ ‘Ales’? cryptanalysis and the Hiss case,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306920,"One of the most notable messages in ‘Venona’ is No.1822, which the NKGB's Washington station sent to Moscow on 30 March 1945. As the message describes an agent of the GRU who circumstantially resembles Alger Hiss, it has strengthened the position of those scholars who have argued that Hiss was a Soviet spy. John Lowenthal, Hiss's lawyer, urges that an alternative reading of No.1822 exonerates his client. A review of the evidence shows that factual considerations exclude Lowenthal's reading of the cable. ‘Venona’ also contains another cable, hitherto unnoticed, that further strengthens the case against Hiss.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q93S3EBY,2003-09-01,Eduard Mark,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:11:09Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520412331306920,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026375595,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026375595,2026.0,2026.0,2003.0,,23.0 4576,Spymaster Richard Helms: an interview with the former US Director of Central Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306910,"In this previously unpublished interview with Richard Helms in 1990, the former US Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) offered his views on a wide range of intelligence issues. Contrary to conventional wisdom, he argued that members of Congress had maintained rigorous accountability over the secret agencies in the years before the major spy scandal of 1975, when the Central Intelligence Agency was found to have spied on American citizens. He emphasized, too, the vital importance of human (as opposed to technical) intelligence, and expressed cynicism about the effectiveness of large-scale covert actions. For Helms, the DCI's most important job was to bring the facts to the table at high policy meetings.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V57FUBNR,2003-09-01,Loch Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:10:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306910,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082315099,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082315099,2015.0,2023.0,2003.0,,12.0 4577,An insight into the mindset of Iraq's security apparatus,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306900,"Iraqi state and intelligence documents seized from the North of Iraq in 1991, provided one of the first insights into the mindset and the discourse of Iraq's security apparatus. This mindset can be characterized by a justification of brutal human rights abuses against Kurds in the name of Arab and Iraqi nationalism and euphemistic terms employed to sanitize these actions. Examining such documents not only reveal the thinking of Iraq's security organizations, but also Saddam Hussein himself.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CLRCDZ7H,2003-09-01,Ibrahim Al-Marashi,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:10:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684520412331306900,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015422887,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015422887,2012.0,2022.0,2003.0,,9.0 4578,‘He is a cripple an’ needs my love': Porgy and Bess as Cold War propaganda,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306870,"In 1952 the Department of State sent a touring production of Porgy and Bess to Berlin and Vienna in an effort to counter Soviet charges that America was a cultural wasteland and socially backward in its race relations. The tour was both the culmination of efforts by the US government to bind Germany and Austria to the West and the first attempt to use entertainment as a way of fighting Soviet communist ideals. This study explores the goals of those involved in the Porgy tour and assesses the success of their efforts to use art as propaganda. It concludes that, although the tour was deemed a great success, State Department officials were numb to the complexities of theatre production and reception and that Porgy never escaped the prejudices and misperceptions it was dispatched to counteract.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TGWIAVUA,2003-06-01,David Monod,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:07:03Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306870,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975125118,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975125118,2021.0,2022.0,2003.0,,18.0 4579,‘How good are we?’ culture and the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306850,"This analysis addresses the question of how different levels of culture were used in the Cold War by political and civil institutions to influence public opinion in Western Europe, and, more specifically, in Germany. It illuminates how what are commonly defined as ‘cultural exports’ or ‘cultural propaganda’ refer to a highly heterogeneous and complex group of governmental and non-governmental agents, actions and motivations. While governmental exports focused increasingly on highbrow products such as book and art exhibits, manifestations of popular culture were only admitted if they revealed a specific educational purpose. It can be argued that high culture provided the basis for much Cold War propaganda as much as the Cold War manipulated representations of high culture. Competing against communist claims that America had no high culture, US Cold War programs invoked previous instances of high cultural exchange, particularly with Germany. In doing so, they sealed and politicized a cultural partnership that had been in existence for almost 100 years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5RZJ4FN,2003-06-01,Jessica Gienow-Hecht,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:06:34Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306850,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2029724337,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2029724337,2015.0,2019.0,2003.0,,12.0 4580,The absent Dutch: Dutch intellectuals and the congress for cultural freedom,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306840,"During the 1950s and 1960s the Congress for Cultural Freedom was one of the main stages for anti-communist American and European writers and intellectuals to discuss the communist threat to the freedom of intellectual and cultural life. Most Western European countries were represented at CCF conferences and had their own national CCF branches, but the Netherlands was an exception. Dutch intellectuals participated very rarely in the conferences, and all efforts to establish a Dutch branch of the CCF failed. Possible explanations (the socially isolated position of some intellectuals, no strong tradition of political engagement among Dutch writers or artists, no lively climate of public debate, and an ambivalent perception of American culture and society) for this absence of Dutch intellectuals show clearly how national traditions can play a decisive role in determining the development of international networks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZNIP6C44,2003-06-01,Tity De Vries,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:06:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520412331306840,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2158006867,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2158006867,2018.0,2024.0,2003.0,,15.0 4581,The congress for cultural freedom in Denmark,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306830,"The Danish section of the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF) was established in 1953 by Arne Sejr, a former wartime resistance leader. The Society for Freedom and Culture was formed as a part of Sejr's private anti-communist intelligence network, called the Firm. But Sejr did not understand the methods or goals of the CCF's work, since he was more concerned with political propaganda and information rather than cultural issues. During its early years the special circumstances of the Danish branch were ignored by the Congress HQ, but in 1957 Jorgen Schleimann, a Danish employee at the Congress office in Paris, set out to reform the Danish Society's work. Denmark's experience with the CCF provides a good example of the tension that could exist between the universal agenda of the Congress and particular national conditions. It also demonstrates the limitations of the CCF's purpose and therefore also the ‘boundaries’ to Cold War cultural manipulation in the West.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CKE5HPUT,2003-06-01,Ingeborg Philipsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:04:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520412331306830,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043633933,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043633933,2012.0,2024.0,2003.0,,9.0 4582,The propaganda of the Marshall Plan in Italy in a Cold War context,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306820,"The study will highlight two key circumstances surrounding the workings of the Marshall Plan in Italy, namely the immediate Cold War context (e.g. the 1948 elections) and the fact that Italy was the country where communism had the most serious chance to come to power via the ballot box. The analysis will suggest that the European Recovery Program (ERP) propaganda effort largely failed in its short-term objectives. Left-wing strength continued to grow in various forms, and the quick-fix revolution in the customs and practices of the moderate parties, industry, and the state, as demanded by the Americans, was hopelessly unrealistic. However, the psychological boost to confidence that the ERP (and NATO) gave to the very weak ruling classes was as significant in Italy as it was elsewhere in Europe. In contrast, the Plan's long-term legacy is much more nuanced and hard to calculate. After fascism's failure, the United States offered a vision of modernization which was unprecedented in its power, internationalism and invitation to emulation. The ERP was one of the main ways that this modernization was expressed. How Italian society built mechanisms to adapt, translate, resist and domesticate this challenge had a lasting effect on the nation's development over the subsequent decades.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GZTQUYEU,2003-06-01,David Ellwood,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:03:51Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306820,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981765708,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981765708,2012.0,2024.0,2003.0,,9.0 4583,The Cold War culture of the French and communist parties,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306810,"This study is a comparative essay about the ‘Cold War culture’ of the two main communist parties of Western Europe, the French and the Italian, during the tense period of 1947–53. Both parties had a common Marxist ideology and used similar elements of propaganda: anti-imperialism, anti-capitalism, defence of ‘national independence’, defence of the Soviet Union, and the struggle for peace. However, while the French communist ideology was completely focused on the Soviet position, the Italians tried to maintain a limited autonomy for their parliamentary activity and their reactions to national issues. The reception and use of communist ideology and propaganda by some social categories of population, especially among the working classes, is then examined. The essay concludes with a reflexion on the notion of the ‘culture of war’ in France and Italy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P2JZ3HNA,2003-06-01,Marc Lazar,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:03:24Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520412331306810,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018493440,0.0,False,,,,2003.0,, 4584,The memorial day statement: women's organizations in the ‘peace offensive’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306800,"This contribution examines the gendered aspect of the American response to the issue of peace in the Cold War. In 1949, the US government accused the Soviet Union of launching a ‘Peace Offensive’, designed to represent the Soviet Union as ‘peace-loving’ whilst painting the Americans as ‘warmongers.’ In recognition of the undeniable appeal of ‘peace’ as a rallying cry, the United States sought to re-define the term in such a way as to illustrate the difference between what East and West meant by their commitment to the cause of peace. American women's associations had a particularly active role in US efforts to counter the Soviet ‘Peace Offensive’. Leaders of US women's associations and policy-makers within the government were concerned that the ‘Peace Offensive’ specifically targeted women, on the basis of their special gendered interest in peace. They tried to convince women across the globe that Soviet-backed peace campaigns lacked sincerity and that women's special interest in peace was best represented by the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K8QRDLIL,2003-06-01,Helen Laville,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:03:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306800,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006488438,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006488438,2017.0,2023.0,2003.0,,14.0 4585,Youth organizations as a Battlefield in the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306790,"In the late 1960s it was revealed that ever since 1952 the CIA had financed and was still financing, by way of a whole series of ‘screen’ foundations, the overwhelming majority of youth and student organizations, not only in the United States, but throughout the free world. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as respectable as the International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY), Pax Romana and the World Assembly of Youth (WAY) had benefited, at various times in their history, from the generosity and ‘liberalism’ of the CIA. The key to understanding this paradoxical American involvement in leftist organizations lies in the Soviet Union's policy of systematically infiltrating Western civil society and international organizations. Its constant aim, relentlessly pursued and never openly avowed, was to control Western opinion and further the goals of Soviet foreign policy. By 1950 the communists had succeeded in effectively controlling all the international mass organizations. This study deals with the crucial Berlin Youth Festival of 1951 and the East-West struggle for dominance in the World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) and the International Union of Students (IUS).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YMCBNK5Z,2003-06-01,Joël Kotek,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:02:56Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306790,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983162975,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983162975,2014.0,2024.0,2003.0,,11.0 4586,From Stockholm to Leiden: the CIA's role in the formation of the International Student Conference,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306780,"This study contributes to the growing knowledge of CIA covert operations among non-governmental organizations during the Cold War by examining the formation of the International Student Conference (1950) and the creation of its Coordinating Secretariat (COSEC). The ISC objectives were global in scope — to organize the world's national student unions into a network that could deny the pro-Soviet International Union of Students its claim to represent the world student population. The CIA's reach depended heavily on the US National Student Association, which provided both a rationale for funding flows from the United States, and a steady stream of personnel. The structure of the relationship was complex and cumbersome, since the CIA had to work secretly through two organizations (NSA and ISC) whose legitimacy rested on democratic processes. This complexity suggests that issues of power and control require a more nuanced formulation than is usually presented in much Cold War political research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LCMK52PC,2003-06-01,Karen Paget,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:02:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306780,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004725213,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004725213,2014.0,2024.0,2003.0,,11.0 4587,Putting culture into the Cold War: the Cultural Relations Department (CRD) and British Covert Information Warfare,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306770,"In 1943 the British Foreign Office created an obscure outfit called the Cultural Relations Department (CRD), to manage the growing organization of intellectual, cultural, social and artistic contacts designed to promote Allied goodwill. It became clear early on that the Soviet Union was already well-organized in this field, with many seemingly independent international organizations claiming to represent ‘world opinion’ yet operating as fronts for Moscow's foreign policy objectives. In the three years before 1948, when the more widely-known Information Research Department began its operations, CRD was the cutting edge of Britain's informational Cold War, focused very much upon the twin issues of culture and organized youth. This essay will examine this little-explored organization by focusing upon these twin issues and its neglected records in FO 924 in the Public Record Office, London.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PEBWYE4J,2003-06-01,Richard Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:02:19Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520412331306770,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056342736,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056342736,2012.0,2024.0,2003.0,,9.0 4588,"Organizing Atlanticism: the Bilderberg group and the Atlantic institute, 1952–1963",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306760,"The Bilderberg group, which originated in Europe in 1952, slowly organized an American participation in the following two years. After a first conference held in May 1954, it rapidly developed into one of the most successful private transatlantic organizations of the 1950s. The project for an Atlantic Institute, which dates back to 1953–54, took longer to develop into a concrete institution, and was formally created, after several years of preparation, in January 1961. Both organizations received funding and support from the Ford Foundation and became fully-established fora in the early 1960s. The study compares the two initiatives to see how they shed light on the more general context of a ‘transatlantic culture’ in the Cold War. Although the networks of personnel were of a different nature and drew on different circles and professions, one can observe some interlocking, and their joint success in the early 1960s was partly due to their importance in ‘outflanking’ Gaullism in France.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L7RSSP49,2003-06-01,Valerie Aubourg,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:02:04Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306760,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976452027,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976452027,2014.0,2025.0,2003.0,,11.0 4589,The politics of productivity and the politics of anti-communism: American and European labour in the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306750,"The ‘politics of productivity’, an attempt to raise levels of industrial productivity in Europe by transcending class conflict and creating a consensus in society for economic growth, was a prominent element in Marshall Plan thinking. It constituted a central focus of the European Recovery Program's labour programme administered by American trade union officials who staffed the Marshall Plan's Labor Division. This programme was initially supported by the American Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), until hostility to collective bargaining in the local business community, combined with the unwillingness of senior Marshall Plan administrators to insist on collective bargaining as the price of receiving American assistance, blighted the project. This contribution contrasts the CIO's initial support for the productivity programme with the American Federation of Labour's (AFL) more direct strategy of combating communism at the level of organization and propaganda. It concludes by describing how the competing claims of these two American labour organizations for US government funding became a significant factor in American labour's conduct of Cold War politics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3SDH8PNH,2003-06-01,Anthony Carew,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:01:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306750,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004420750,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004420750,2012.0,2022.0,2003.0,,9.0 4590,"Beyond freedom, beyond control, beyond the Cold War: approaches to American culture and the state-private network",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306740,"Cold War historiography has been through several recognizable stages over the last five decades, and the increasing interest over the last few years in cultural themes has added an important extra dimension to this. Yet the focus on ‘culture’ has rarely gone beyond studies of government support for particular cultural events and programs. Rarely have historical studies attempted to address the issue that such political uses of culture were part of an overall ideological offensive in both the East and the West. Recognition that the foreign policy of the Soviet Union was ideologically-driven is one thing, but historians have generally avoided a similar posture regarding the United States. Yet without sufficient attention as to how the US government attempted to mobilize and utilize all areas of social activity for the greater good of confronting the Soviet Union, there can be no satisfactory understanding of what the Cold War really involved In addition, this ‘ideological impulse’ has not disappeared with the end of the Cold War, as the reaction of the United States to the events of 11 September 2001 has demonstrated.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EXIRW6KK,2003-06-01,W. Lucas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:01:28Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'R2V36RN8']",10.1080/02684520412331306740,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2068919237,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2068919237,2012.0,2026.0,2003.0,,9.0 4591,"Calling the tune? the CIA, the British left and the Cold War, 1945–1960",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306730,"During the early Cold War period the United States Government covertly engaged in a variety of attempts to influence the politics of the British left. American ‘labor diplomats’ strove to fortify anti-communist elements in the trade unions; left-wing literary intellectuals were the target of the CIA's campaign in the ‘Cultural Cold War’; Labour Party politicians became involved in CIA-sponsored ventures designed to promote greater European and Atlantic unity. However, it would be a mistake to conclude that the US ‘called the tune’ of the British left. Such a verdict overlooks internal problems in the American campaign and underestimates the complexity — and ingenuity — of the British response.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9JPB43KB,2003-06-01,HUGH WILFORD,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:01:17Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306730,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987324371,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987324371,2013.0,2025.0,2003.0,,10.0 4592,Revealing the parameters of opinion: an interview with Frances Stonor Saunders,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306720,"In 1999 Frances Stonor Saunders published Who Paid the Piper? The CIA and the Cultural Cold War (London: Granta) (American title: The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters). The book received much attention from the media and from academics, and triggered a renewed assessment of this important aspect of Cold War history. W. Scott Lucas interviewed Frances Saunders about the methods of the CIA, the role of the intellectuals in the political and cultural battles of the Cold War, the question of their autonomy, the need for financial support of cultural activities, and the debate about the principles of intellectuals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/287PR2GJ,2003-06-01,W. Scott Lucas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:01:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306720,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075816363,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075816363,2014.0,2020.0,2003.0,,11.0 4593,The Cold War and National Liberation in Southern Africa: The United States and the Emergence of Zimbabwe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520308559251,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UPDAYVEH,2003-01-01,Mark T. Berger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:00:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520308559251,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027623783,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027623783,,,2003.0,, 4594,"Hanoi's Strategic Surprise, 1964–65",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520308559250,"In late 1964 and early 1965, American intelligence failed to predict North Vietnam's shift to a strategy of decisive large-unit warfare. The Americans acquired a large amount of accurate information on Vietnamese Communist capabilities but were late in identifying one key change in enemy capabilities, the deployment of North Vietnamese Army regiments to South Vietnam. Misled because of inadequate intelligence collection and analysis, the administration of President Lyndon Johnson pursued a strategy of restraint that encouraged the enemy to seek a swift victory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QXB2H4EM,2003-01-01,Mark Moyar,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:00:24Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/02684520308559250,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086288181,0.0,False,,,,2003.0,, 4595,"Comparing US and UK Intelligence Assessment in the Early Cold War: NSC-68, April 1950",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520308559249,"US and British intelligence assessments regarding the Soviet Union during the early years of the Cold War contained substantial differences despite the remarkable level of cooperation and information sharing that existed between the respective services in the period. Using NSC-68 as a ""pivot"", this article examines these discrepancies as well as those similarities that did exist, considering their significance and evolution in an effort to understand what factors drove and shaped intelligence analysis on both sides of the Atlantic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B7SCWBEJ,2003-01-01,Matthew Perl,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T18:00:08Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520308559249,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2319619603,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2319619603,2021.0,2021.0,2003.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520308559249,18.0 4596,"‘We Need Our New OSS, Our New General Donovan, Now ...’: The Public Discourse over American Intelligence, 1944-53",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520308559248,"The popular origins of the modern US intelligence bureaucracy have largely escaped the scrutiny of historians. This article examines the critical public discourse over American intelligence and the clear domestic support for a new type of national intelligence system following World War II. The organization of American intelligence was thoroughly examined in newspapers, polling data, popular magazines, public speeches and lectures, petitions to government officials, and for the first time — the medium of radio. This frank discussion, fostered to a large degree by William Donovan, undoubtedly influenced the tenor surrounding the establishment of the modern intelligence bureaucracy, but also resulted in an unwelcome public relations quandary for intelligence officials. This distinctly American postwar dialogue illustrates the great challenge of conducting intelligence in an open democratic society.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/22WV25QS,2003-01-01,Larry Valero,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:59:43Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520308559248,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992409716,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992409716,2012.0,2025.0,2003.0,,9.0 4597,"‘A Conquerable Yet Resilient Foe’: British Perceptions of the Imperial Japanese Army's Tactics on the India-Burma Front, September 1942 to Summer 1944",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520308559247,"Britain's ability to discard its image of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) as an invincible enemy during the Burma campaign hinged upon two key factors. First, accurate assessments of the appropriate means to overcome the IJA not only hinged upon reliable intelligence, but of greater importance, the level of experience which the British-Indian army had in engaging its opponent. Second, the uncertainty was compounded by concerns arising from the IJA's ability to inflict considerable delays and casualties on its Allies counterparts, in spite of its shortage of modern weapons and lack of adequate training in their use. Apprehensions could not be lifted until Allied forces had proven themselves capable of conducting operations against the Japanese without incurring excessive losses. The Fourteenth Army's victories at Imphal and Kohima in June 1944 did not discredit the IJA's ability to pose a difficult challenge. The only reassurance which field commanders could draw was that their own forces had developed the skills necessary to undertake their quest to dislodge the IJA from its positions in Burma.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7ANRP6TQ,2003-01-01,Douglas Ford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:59:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520308559247,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018507395,0.0,True,,,,2003.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/1256/, 4598,Operation ‘Robin’ and the British overflight of Kapustin Yar: a historiographical note,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306690,"It is now nearly 40 years since the story of the British reconnaissance mission to overfly and photograph the Soviet missile test base at Kapustin Yar in 1953 or 1954 first surfaced in public. Yet, despite declassification and research, the full story is still elusive. This is a small but significant episode of Cold War history, which historians could reasonably expect to have been clarified by now. This research note seeks to review the evidence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DUQMFRW7,2002-12-01,Chris Pocock,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:58:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306690,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064780446,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064780446,2021.0,2021.0,2002.0,,19.0 4599,Reforming the Canadian security state: the Royal Canadian Mounted Police security service and the ‘Key Sectors’ program,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306680,"Although a significant component of Cold War domestic security, counter-subversion has not received the same attention as counterespionage in recent historical writing. This article examines one aspect of the history of counter-subversion, specifically an internal attempt by the Canadian Security Service to reform itself in the face of the social change of the 1960s. ‘Key Sectors’ attempted to modernize the RCMP's pursuit of subversives by emphasizing qualitative factors and broader criteria for what constituted subversion beyond an association with communism. In the end, however, the program failed because it could not free itself from the anti-communism paradigm that the Canadian security state had been constructed on in the first place.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BHXUJBZJ,2002-12-01,Steve Hewitt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:57:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520412331306680,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985511127,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985511127,2015.0,2023.0,2002.0,,13.0 4600,Watching the North Pacific: British and Commonwealth intelligence before Pearl Harbor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306670,"Historians have long questioned the extent to which British Intelligence knew about Japan's impending operations on the eve of the Pacific War. An examination of archival sources from Britain, Canada and the United States, as well as credible post-war testimony from former participants in Second World War intelligence operations, produces several conclusions. Throughout 1941, British Intelligence pointed to a war with Japan in South-East Asia. On the eve of the Pacific War, intelligence staff of the British Commonwealth monitored the vast expanses of the North Pacific. Apart from anticipating conflict in South-East Asia, British Intelligence, according to some sources, also suspected that a Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was imminent, an assessment shared with the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RLY624CZ,2002-12-01,Timothy Wilford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:57:31Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520412331306670,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056961007,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056961007,2015.0,2015.0,2002.0,,13.0 4601,"‘Close and continuous liaison’: British anti-communist propaganda and cooperation with the United States, 1950–51",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306660,"In January 1948 the British government launched a new anti-Communist propaganda policy, and established a new Foreign Office Information Research Department (IRD) to coordinate that policy. This article examines the extent to which anti-Communist propaganda was coordinated with Britain's principal Cold War ally the United States, following the launch of America's own anti-Communist propaganda offensive, the ‘Campaign of Truth’ in 1950. It traces the policy and organizational machinery for cooperation which was established in 1950 and examines the implementation of the policy for ‘close and continuous liaison’ in London, Washington and in the field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3U9KS6TE,2002-12-01,Andrew Defty,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:57:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306660,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996797679,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996797679,2014.0,2021.0,2002.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/_Close_and_continuous_liaison_British_anti-communist_propaganda_and_cooperation_with_the_United_States_1950-51/24411097,12.0 4602,The spy that never was,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306650,"The article1 investigates persistent attempts to link the late Sir Rudolf Peierls and his wife Genia to atomic espionage for the Soviet Union. After discussing the work done by Klaus Fuchs and Rudolf Peierls at Birmingham as part of the British nuclear effort, their contribution to the Anglo-American-Canadian Manhattan project is examined. Here the collaboration of Fuchs and Peierls as well as the nature of their personal relationship is looked at. By analyzing evidence from the ‘Venona’ transcripts and the Peierls private papers, it is concluded that allegations linking Peierls to the Soviet espionage, in particular atomic espionage cannot be sustained and that, on the contrary, evidence strongly suggests that neither Rudolf Peierls nor his wife Genia were implicated in any such activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L6XS9YHS,2002-12-01,Sabine Lee,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:57:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306650,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023186422,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023186422,2012.0,2014.0,2002.0,,10.0 4603,Inventing the ‘axis of evil’: the myth and reality of us intelligence and policy-making after 9/11,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306640,"George W. Bush has claimed that the latest intelligence estimates single out Iran, Iraq, and North Korea as an ‘axis of evil’ fomenting terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. However, the intelligence itself demonstrates that this concept has been largely manufactured and the CIA bypassed in favor of a pre-existing political consensus among right-wing Republicans. In reality, the ‘axis’ serves to perpetuate an American ‘preponderance of power’. It justifies specific policies which had already been decided before Bush came to power and which now have popular acceptance through their association with the successful war on terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VPWTUWJ2,2002-12-01,Maria Ryan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:56:40Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684520412331306640,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1964530607,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1964530607,2013.0,2025.0,2002.0,,11.0 4604,The perils of hyper-vigilance: the war on terrorism and the surveillance state in South-East Asia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306630,"The analysis examines the puzzle as to why the intelligence structures of South-East Asia largely failed to detect the evolving threat of violently inclined radical Islamic groups, despite the existence of elaborate and pervasive internal security arrangements within the states of the region. The article explores this issue by positing contending viewpoints about how authoritarianism in South-East Asia might have affected the awareness of such threats. Answers to these questions enable an assessment of the current ASEAN response to the ‘war on terrorism’ and to discern whether South-East Asia's elites will move either to improve the quality of their intelligence and threat analysis in the future, or whether they will, instead, extend the instruments of authoritarian rule, further curtailing civil and political space under the rubric of combating terrorism. The evidence so far suggests that the latter outcome is the more likely.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UBBL8NZT,2002-12-01,"David Martin Jones, Michael Smith",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:56:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684520412331306630,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066183246,29.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066183246,2013.0,2021.0,2002.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_Perils_of_Hyper-Vigilance_The_War_on_Terrorism_and_the_Surveillance_State_in_Southeast_Asia/22844672,11.0 4605,State-Sponsored economic deception and its determinants,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306620,"This article develops a theoretical approach to state-sponsored international economic deception within a transaction cost economics (TCE) framework. This approach suggests four variables to explain the utilization of economic deception: asset specificity, distribution of power between antagonists, consequences of detection, and degree of cultural homogeneity. While all offer explanatory power, the principal variable is asset specificity, a concept signifying relative vulnerability. In addition, the perception of relative intelligence capabilities appears to be relevant. The case of US arms sales to Iran during the mid-1980s is used to evaluate the theory. This example demonstrates how asset specificity in one relationship can induce deceptive behavior in another. It further demonstrates how vulnerability in a relationship involving specific assets influences the party at risk to behave deceptively to reduce its vulnerability, either through camouflage or by inducing an opponent also to invest in specialized assets.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I8DT5W92,2002-12-01,Barrett Riordan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:55:41Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684520412331306620,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2076785515,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076785515,2014.0,2022.0,2002.0,,12.0 4606,C's Moscow station – The Anglo-Russian trade mission as cover for SIS in the early 1920s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306600,"Considering that the Soviet Union was the main target of the SIS throughout the 1920s, very little has been written on the subject of its penetration of this target, the methods used, or the degree of success achieved. This article attempts to lift part of the veil, and to suggest that there was considerably more success than SIS has commonly been given credit for,‘At no point between the wars did SIS possess a Moscow station’1‘surprisingly it seems that one of the sacrifices he (Sinclair) decided to make was not to open a station in Moscow… instead a representative was infiltrated into the country under cover of a building project’2‘Before the break our [excised] in Russia were extremely reliable, but now they have to send in much less stuff’3",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9GGCIS8R,2002-09-01,P. Tomaselli,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:54:50Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684520412331306600,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965462247,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965462247,2022.0,2022.0,2002.0,,20.0 4607,The infrastructure of communications intelligence: the Allied D/F network and the battle of the Atlantic,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306590,The best Allied source of intelligence on German activities during World War II in the Atlantic was the radio transmissions made by German U-boats. To exploit this intelligence the Allies established a network of directing finding stations around the rim of the Atlantic. When fully established the Allied direction finding network played an important role in providing the intelligence required to defeat the U-boats.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4HLUMGKB,2002-09-01,David Syrett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:54:21Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520412331306590,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001964356,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001964356,2021.0,2021.0,2002.0,,19.0 4608,Creating a commonwealth intelligence culture: the view from Central Africa 1945–1965,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306580,"This article examines attempts by the British intelligence community to improve the security arrangements of members of both the ‘old’ and ‘new’ Commonwealth in the post-war era. The process was regarded not only as a means of countering Communist subversion and protecting Britain's key relationship with the United States, but also as a way of entrenching British influence, particularly in countries nearing independence. The result of this process was a complex network of intelligence contacts reaching across the Commonwealth. Viewing this network from the perspective of the Federal Intelligence and Security Bureau (FISB), the intelligence organization of the Central African Federation, the article suggests that it offered both opportunities and dangers. It provided a potential channel for covert diplomacy. Yet it also threatened to undermine the credibility of Commonwealth intelligence chiefs whose links with the United Kingdom were perceived as being excessively close.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8Y82KLSU,2002-09-01,Philip Murphy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:53:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520412331306580,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021044538,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021044538,2013.0,2024.0,2002.0,,11.0 4609,The clandestine defence of empire: British special operations in Yemen 1951–64,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306570,"This article provides an account of the special operations in Yemen authorized by successive Conservative governments in the 1950s and early 1960s. It suggests that these were undertaken in response to a perceived threat from Yemeni irredentism and Arab nationalism. The secrecy surrounding the operations was regarded as a useful means of avoiding the international condemnation which overt military action would attract. It is argued that the case of British involvement in Yemen provides further evidence of the continued commitment of post-war British governments to the defence of empire, and that the policy of clinging on to the remains of empire in this region was based on an over-optimistic analysis of the likely impact of Arab nationalism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QLBPCQSZ,2002-09-01,Spencer Mawby,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:53:46Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306570,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2123936727,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2123936727,2012.0,2025.0,2002.0,,10.0 4610,Towards postmodern intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306560,"Western intelligence services have had to operate in a rapidly-changing and fluid environment for the past decade and a half. Many in the Intelligence policy and studies communities have struggled to conceptualise the changes underway and to prescribe solutions to the Intelligence community's evident problems.Conceptualisations have emerged to describe and prescribe solutions to the community's challenges but, by focusing on portions of the whole, such as the end of the Cold War, they fail to provide a meta-theory.In an attempt to provide such a framework, this article explores postmodern social theory. The article explores whether postmodernism may be a valuable analytical tool, as it has proved in related disciplines such as military sociology.It is argued that postmodernist perspectives do indeed capture important elements of the contemporary Intelligence environment. Further, recognition of these elements can be used prescriptively to shape future Intelligence policy.While the concept of postmodern Intelligence may not, by itself, adequately characterise all facets of the contemporary Intelligence environment, the term does provide a valuable conceptual framework within which change can be managed and Intelligence sources and methods can be adapted to a new era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3XC3LG5S,2002-09-01,Andrew Rathmell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:49:52Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684520412331306560,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999035538,45.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999035538,2012.0,2026.0,2002.0,,10.0 4611,‘Stella polaris’ and the secret code battle in postwar Europe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306550,"Much has already been written about the September 1944 evacuation of the Finnish intelligence service to Sweden, which was designated Operation ‘Stella Polaris’. Newly declassified intelligence documents found at the US National Archives provide a fresh perspective on the role of the American wartime foreign intelligence service, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and its successor, the Strategic Services Unit, in ‘Stella Polaris’ and its aftermath. The documents reveal that throughout World War II, the OSS secretly obtained sensitive intelligence information concerning America's wartime ally, the Soviet Union, from agents within the Finnish intelligence service. The OSS Stockholm Station purchased Soviet and other foreign government code and cipher materials from the Finns, not realizing until later that the Finns had sold the same material to other states. The Americans responded by recruiting some well-placed agents within the Finnish ‘Stella Polaris’ organization, who provided detailed information about the intelligence activities of the Finns in Sweden, and the work of Finnish intelligence officers in France after the end of the war. Among the key pieces of intelligence obtained was the fact that the French intelligence service was intercepting American radio traffic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3ZWG4L7Q,2002-09-01,Matthew Aid,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:49:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520412331306550,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968311422,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968311422,2014.0,2024.0,2002.0,,12.0 4612,Small states and big secrets: understanding sigint cooperation between unequal powers during the second world war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306540,"During the Second World War Britain sought to share Sigint with small European states, both belligerents and neutrals, which were simultaneously targets for British Sigint operations. These matters are not considered in the official histories.The risk involved in even limited dealings could be outweighed by other considerations: as late as June 1941 C sanctioned increased cooperation with Finland, despite the presence of German troops there.Britain gained rather than lost by these limited Sigint understandings, and her partners did not betray her. There was something of a code of honour among thieves of secrets.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EVSZA5YT,2002-09-01,Eunan O'Halpin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:47:48Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520412331306540,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053717757,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053717757,2016.0,2023.0,2002.0,,14.0 4613,Pearl Harbor revisionism: Robert Stinnett's day of deceit,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306520,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DAJP5H3M,2002-06-01,John Zimmerman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:42:47Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520412331306520,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053777765,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053777765,2016.0,2016.0,2002.0,,14.0 4614,Scrutinizing France: collecting and using newspaper intelligence during world war II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306510,"After the fall of France in June 1940, it became crucial for Britain to obtain grass-roots information on her former ally. Newspapers of all types were recognized to be a key source. This article investigates how intelligence material was gathered, analyzed and diffused and how it was used by a large number of government departments. The Royal Institute of International Affairs had set up the Foreign Research Press Service, which played an effective centralizing role. This article also demonstrates that the level of cooperation between the French and British departments was better than usually acknowledged and resulted in well-informed and perceptive reports.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UB6ASGLV,2002-06-01,Isabelle Tombs,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:42:30Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520412331306510,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069351095,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069351095,2012.0,2022.0,2002.0,,10.0 4615,Politics of prisoner of war recovery: SOE and the Burma–Thailand Railway during world war II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306490,"This article considers why SOE were given a prominent role in POW recovery in the Far East during the last months of the war and immediately after VJ Day. This was a task normally allotted to the International Committee of the Red Cross. It examines both strategic and humanitarian motivations as possible explanations of this policy. It reviews the means used to execute this policy along the Burma–Thailand Railway, including close cooperation with the Thai resistance movement. The success of SOE's operations are assessed and the impact of their testimony in the Tokyo War Crimes Trials is also reviewed against the background of a growing appreciation of the role of secret service in providing evidence to international tribunals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EWQPTXEI,2002-06-01,Suzanne Hall,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:41:56Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520412331306490,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042108947,0.0,False,,,,2002.0,, 4616,"‘Vopo’-general Vincenz Müller and western intelligence, 1948–54: CIC, the Gehlen organization and two cold war covert operations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306480,"This article describes an attempt by the US Army Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) to bring about the defection of former Wehrmacht General Vincenz Müller from Eastern Germany (1948–50). While this covert operation failed, it provided a prelude to Operation ‘Schwaben’, a similar undertaking conducted by the Gehlen Organization with exactly the same aim. Müller does not appear to have been interested in American offers to assist in his defection, but during the German operation he came very close to a decision to defect. This case is interesting for the light it throws on the internal workings of the CIC during the early Cold War period, as well as for the new perspective it gives on the complexities of Müller's involvement with Western intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2L7Z2Z32,2002-06-01,Alaric Searle,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:41:22Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520412331306480,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2122942319,0.0,True,,,,2002.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/1264/, 4617,Operation ‘Surgeon’ and Britain's post-war exploitation of Nazi German aeronautics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306470,"After 1945, Allied acquisition of intelligence on Nazi Germany's wartime aeronautical innovations became one of the most important immediate post-war aims. From July 1945 to July 1947, Operation ‘Surgeon’ became the focus of British efforts to exploit Nazi aeronautical advances. The objectives of the operation were the evacuation of state-of-the-art equipment from aeronautical research institutes and the recruitment of high-grade aviation experts for postwar work in Britain. This article analyzes the conduct and results of Operation ‘Surgeon’. The limited literature on this topic has fuelled a popular orthodoxy which holds that the UK intelligence effort and policies to recruit German defence scientists were classic examples of the ‘British disease’, or a more general inability to exploit a technological opportunity that was harnessed so effectively by the other victorious Allies. Drawing on the experience of Operation ‘Surgeon’, the article challenges this orthodoxy that has dominated the historiography of Britain's intellectual reparations from the Third Reich.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LAEWCT4U,2002-06-01,Matthew Uttley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:41:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306470,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058036353,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2058036353,2018.0,2020.0,2002.0,,16.0 4618,‘Venona’: the British dimension,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306440,"‘Venona’ remains the greatest secret of the Cold War yet to be declassified, and offers the pieces of a jigsaw that, when assembled and interpreted, reveals the identities of dozens of Soviet agents who participated in GRU and NKVD networks across the globe between 1940 and 1948. Among them, operating in London, were Professor J.B.S Haldane, codenamed ‘Intelligentsia’, and Lord Swaythling's son, the Honourable Ivor Montagu, appropriately codenamed ‘Nobility’. Contained in the sometimes partially decrypted texts are clues to hundreds of other, as yet unexposed, spies, active in Australia, Mexico, Sweden, the United States, Britain, and numerous other countries. Betrayed by William Wiesband and Kim Philby, the ‘Venona’ project failed to find the traitor known as ‘Baron’ inside the wartime GCHQ, but was responsible for the arrest of Klaus Fuchs, confirming the guilt of Alger Hiss, Donald Maclean and the Rosenbergs, supporting the allegations of Whittaker Chambers and Elizabeth Bentley, and sparking off molehunts on three continents. ‘Venona’ sheds important new light on the assassination of Trotsky, Soviet penetration of the Manhattan project at Los Alamos and Berkeley, and reveals high-level espionage in the White House, OSS, the State Department and virtually every government department in Washington DC.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B832V4GZ,2002-03-01,Nigel West,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:40:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306440,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086496171,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086496171,2017.0,2017.0,2002.0,,15.0 4619,"Intelligence, diplomacy and the Japanese threat to British interests, 1914–41",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306420,"This contribution looks at the ways in which the intelligence releases in the 1990s have helped to illuminate previously unknown or misunderstood aspects of the Anglo-Japanese relationship from 1914 to 1941. Although attention in the media has been focused on the release of the Security Service's records, these are of limited use in this area of study. Much more significant are the diplomatic intercepts that were collected by the Government Code and Cipher School, which not only add new angles to old questions, but also reveal British suspicions of Japan in areas not previously studied, such as Japanese pan-Asianism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4Y9F7877,2002-03-01,Antony Best,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:40:08Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520412331306420,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970708396,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970708396,2015.0,2015.0,2002.0,,13.0 4620,"British intelligence and the middle east, 1900–1918: how much do we know?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306400,"Primary sources available in British and Israeli archives (first and foremost – the Public Record Office) allow serious study of the British intelligence apparatus in the Middle East and its contribution to the military operations and diplomatic-political process there, prior to and during the First World War. Yet, existing knowledge focuses on military intelligence, as documentation on the Secret Service and the Security Service (both in the form of EMSIB) as well as on army and naval signal intelligence operations in the region is barely available – destroyed or still classified. Examination of hitherto unexplored foreign depositories may serve as an indirect approach to overcome this paucity of material, owing to the close wartime cooperation between British, French, Russian and Italian intelligence on the Ottoman Empire.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WWE2MM2T,2002-03-01,Yigal Sheffy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:39:33Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/02684520412331306400,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2119978857,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2119978857,2015.0,2023.0,2002.0,,13.0 4621,Declassification and release policies of the UK's intelligence agencies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306390,"This study sets out the declassification and release policies of the three principal UK intelligence bodies – the Security Service (MI5), the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) – in regard to their archives. It sets out the legislative and administrative framework for the release or retention of Intelligence records, and explains that the agencies' declassification and release policies are all based on the imperative of protecting sources and methods. Where their policies differ – for example, both MI5 and GCHQ release records to the Public Record Office, while SIS does not – the reason can be found in the differing nature of their functions and operating methods.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UMX97LGI,2002-03-01,Gill Bennett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:38:52Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684520412331306390,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2165386835,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2165386835,2012.0,2022.0,2002.0,,10.0 4622,The Hitler archive … at last,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306350,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GS2IWFS3,2001-12-01,Benjamin Fischer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:38:10Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520412331306350,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094204648,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 4623,The Kuomintang's secret service in action in South China: operational and political aspects of the arrest of Liao Chengzhi (1942),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306340,"The arrest in May 1942 of Liao Chengzhi – a CCP spy chief as well as the son of a celebrated KMT elder assassinated in 1925 – is considered a Big Case in China. Using the original KMT case file on Liao Chengzhi, van de Ven describes how the KMT's secret service turned the Jiangxi Provincial Committee and then arrested leading members of the CCP in south China and thereby eliminated its organization there. The article further uses letters by prominent CCP and KMT personalities involved in the case to suggest the existence of a revolutionary aristocracy bound by personal relations and with an elite code of conduct. When the political will was present, members of this elite deployed their personal connections in the search for solutions to complex political problems.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ANA7KWW2,2001-12-01,Hans van de Ven,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:37:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520412331306340,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042212583,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042212583,2018.0,2021.0,2001.0,,17.0 4624,Failed endeavours: Chinese efforts to gain political influence in Thailand during World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306330,"The inclusion of Thailand in Chiang Kai-shek's military theatre during World War II led Nationalist China's leaders to see an opportunity to settle old scores with the ‘anti-Chinese’ Phibun Songkhram regime and to gain post-war political influence in Bangkok. Beginning in 1943, China sought to host a Free Thai provisional government and to organize a Sino-Thai military force to spearhead a Chinese invasion of Thailand. Both Chinese efforts failed because of the wary attitude of their would-be Thai allies, the active opposition of Great Britain and the United States, and the internal weakness of the Nationalist government. Limited political gains in the immediate months after the war were soon lost as China plunged into Civil War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9QRGI8DQ,2001-12-01,E. Bruce Reynolds,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:37:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520412331306330,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051913742,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051913742,2016.0,2016.0,2001.0,,15.0 4625,SACO re-examined: Sino-American intelligence cooperation during World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306320,"The Sino-American Cooperative Organization (SACO), headed by Cdr Milton Miles of the US Navy and Maj. Gen. Dai Li, the head of the Chinese secret police and guerrilla forces, was headquartered at Chongqing, China, between 1942 and 1945. This article examines the history of SACO as a wartime institution during the war and its politicized legacy through the Cold War era. It is a study of history itself, of the memory of history, and of the politics of history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NEWEIJMT,2001-12-01,Yu Shen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:36:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520412331306320,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048578788,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048578788,2022.0,2022.0,2001.0,,21.0 4626,"Shield of collaboration: The Wang Jingwei regime's security service, 1939–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306310,"This article studies the role of the security service in the Wang Jingwei collaborationist regime (1940–45), and argues that it not only contributed to the regime's coercive muscle but that it was also involved with the regime's broader socio-political policies. The central position within the Wang Jingwei government enjoyed by the security service enabled its head, Li Shiqun, to wield enormous influence within the regime. However the Wang Jingwei government had to share control over its security service with the Japanese intelligence agencies. This dual control made the security service a less tractable instrument of regime control than it should have been. This dual authority provided a clear example of the limits on the power of a collaborationist regime like the Wang Jingwei government, even in the crucial area of regime security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YJDHINMI,2001-12-01,Brian Martin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:35:53Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520412331306310,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075291436,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075291436,2015.0,2025.0,2001.0,,14.0 4627,"Communist-Puppet collaboration in Japanese-Occupied China: Pan Hannian and Li Shiqun, 1939–43",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306300,Pan Hannian and Li Shiqun were two extraordinary secret agents in twentieth-century China. Pan was a well-known Communist spymaster; Li was an infamous puppet intelligence chief serving Wang Jingwei in Occupied China. This article investigates the contacts between Pan and Li during the Anti-Japanese War of Resistance (1937–45). A close examination of the unique Pan-Li relationship sheds special light on the complexity and ambivalence of the phenomenon of collaboration with and resistance against the Japanese during the wartime period.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5AUUTR8L,2001-12-01,Joseph Yick,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:35:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520412331306300,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2163252086,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2163252086,2016.0,2025.0,2001.0,,15.0 4628,"‘In God We Trusted, In China We Busted’: The China commando group of the Special Operations Executive (SOE)",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306290,"In the summer of 1941, the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Chinese government began a joint intelligence and special operations project called the China Commando Group. It was meant to be a grand scheme of military operation designed to benefit both the British and the Chinese in their common objective of thwarting the aggressive Japanese advances in Asia. Yet the China Commando Group evolved into a fiasco that lasted only eight months. The demise of the China Commando Group is a story that epitomizes the complex environment in which the war was fought on the East Asian mainland. This article tells a tale of policy failures in London, a thick cloud of mutual suspicions between Britain and Nationalist China, and the chasm between colonial and nationalist mindsets which led to the bitter end of the China Commando Group.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGLN5N9D,2001-12-01,Maochun Yu,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:31:41Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520412331306290,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972568581,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972568581,2020.0,2024.0,2001.0,,19.0 4629,The business of a secret war: Operation ‘Remorse’ and SOE salesmanship in Wartime China,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306280,"The prime British objective in China during the Pacific War was the re-establishment of pre-war trade and influence and the recovery of Hong Kong. Through Operation ‘Remorse’ (1944–45) the Special Operations Executive covertly established a wide network of distributors and buyers throughout occupied and unoccupied China for high-value low-bulk goods and currencies, using the returns acccruing to buy influence, information, safety and food for Allied prisoners, subsidise politically problematic operations, and smooth the British path back into Hong Kong. ‘Remorse’ epitomised the concerns and demonstrated the methods of the British presence in China generally: a readiness to innovate and adapt, market sensitivity and a capacity for making unlikely local alliances, all held together through a strong focus on a fixed target – a secure China base for Sino-British trade.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IS5HC85N,2001-12-01,Robert Bickers,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:31:27Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520412331306280,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050055617,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050055617,2012.0,2022.0,2001.0,,11.0 4630,"History, historians and the naming of foreign policy: a postmodern reflection on American strategic thinking during the Truman administration",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306250,Over the last decade a spate of new works has appeared that attempt to re-evaluate early American Cold War objectives. Intelligence scholars have been on the forefront of this race to rename US strategy. In this article the author examines the recent arguments put forward and argues that despite all of these efforts we have still failed to offer a viable framework for understanding American strategic thinking in the post-war world.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A847IKT8,2001-09-01,Sarah-Jane Corke,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:08:27Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520412331306250,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054482358,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054482358,2013.0,2018.0,2001.0,,12.0 4631,"Mapping the northern frontier: Canada and the origins of the US army's Military Information Division, 1885–1898",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306240,"In 1885, the United States Army established its first official peacetime intelligence organization, the Military Information Division (MID), at least in part to collect intelligence enabling it to strike Canada in the event of conflict with Great Britain. Examining MID's leadership, information collection methods, intelligence objectives, organizational structure, and officer recruitment criteria during its first dozen years of existence reveals that it devoted significant resources to mapping the Canadian border, restructured its organization in part to increase the efficiency of those scouting expeditions, and selected officers to lead MID and conduct its reconnaissance missions based on their topographical skills, their knowledge of Canada, and their ability to keep their work quiet.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PH8P4KDJ,2001-09-01,Robert Angevine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:08:12Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/02684520412331306240,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021500476,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 4632,War crimes prosecutors and intelligence agencies: the case for assessing their collaboration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306230,"Whilst recognizing important distinctions between different types of intelligence agency, and a range of possible contradictions between the imperatives governing the two types of agency, it is necessary to overcome the one-side quality of much existing literature, whose critique of the subversion of the rule of law by intelligence agencies tends to preclude any appreciation that such agencies can play a supportive role for war crimes prosecutors. This article challenges the assumption that analysis of the histories of Western intelligence agencies and the study of war crimes trials must be studied as entirely separate and sharply demarcated fields of inquiry; it advocates an interdisciplinary research programme, informed by a series of indepth historical case studies, capable of addressing issues arising from the interaction between these two institutional fields. The proposed research agenda could illuminate aspects of the contemporary role – and future potential of both intelligence agencies and war crimes prosecution bodies. It would investigate tensions between the prosecutors need to employ intelligence agencies to gather trial credible evidence and detain indicted defendants, often by covert and legally questionable means, and the constitutional justifications for holding war crimes trials by reference to the need to reassert the rule of law in the wake of lawless genocide.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2KHUQZL,2001-09-01,"Ian Bryan, Michael Salter",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T17:07:57Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684520412331306230,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055389444,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055389444,,,2001.0,https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1423825, 4633,"General templer and counter-insurgency in Malaya: hearts and minds, intelligence, and propaganda",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306210,"General Sir Gerald Templer's period as High Commissioner for Malaya (1952–54) has provoked considerable and enduring controversy. To his admirers, he turned the tide of the Malayan Emergency in Britain's favour by combining a more vigorous prosecution of the war against the communist insurgents with a well-judged civilian campaign designed to win ‘hearts and minds’. To his detractors, he arrived with the turning tide, benefiting from the policies of his predecessors, particularly in the field of population control and rural resettlement. This article scrutinizes recent contributions to the debate which attempt to downgrade Templer's importance, and seeks to reach a balanced judgement on his role in defeating communist insurgency in Malaya.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WBFPMQHV,2001-09-01,Simon Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:59:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520412331306210,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054764497,77.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054764497,2012.0,2025.0,2001.0,,11.0 4634,Counter-Intelligence for counter-revolutionary warfare: The South African police security branch 1979–1990,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306200,"In counter-revolutionary warfare strategy, political action forms the overwhelming part; however, also central as an off-shoot of the tenets of counter-revolutionary warfare is the elimination of insurgent structures – generally a euphemism for assassination. In reality, assassination is a subset of covert paramilitary action, implemented as a consequence of counter-intelligence or even counter-terrorism. South Africa's Security Branch presents one of the best recent examples of the use of counter-intelligence techniques for counter-revolutionary warfare. While politico-constitutional intelligence was gathered by the National Intelligence Service to support constitutional efforts to achieve a settlement of the conflict and bring about a new political dispensation in South Africa, the apartheid government relied on the covert operational capabilities of the security forces (especially the Security Branch) to not only halt the ‘Revolutionary Onslaught’ of the liberation movements, but to eliminate them as a viable political and revolutionary force. In attempting to support an unwinnable political objective, the ultimate corruption of the intelligence process and the reliance of individuals overseeing it far and away on the covert operational intelligence capabilities of the state, the apartheid government brought about its own downfall. The Security Branch was at the heart of these efforts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C6LJHN5W,2001-09-01,Kevin O'Brien,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:59:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684520412331306200,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006668222,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006668222,2013.0,2024.0,2001.0,,12.0 4635,Information Management in MI5 Before the Age of the Computer,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002899,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4HI39JC8,2001-06-01,"A. Black, R. Brunt",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:58:52Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/714002899,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081928545,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081928545,2020.0,2020.0,2001.0,,19.0 4636,Strategic Defence by Deception,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002898,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KHUEZ6ZT,2001-06-01,"S. Twigge, L. Scott",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:58:32Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/714002898,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973321772,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973321772,2015.0,2024.0,2001.0,,14.0 4637,"The Wilson Government's Reform of Intelligence Co-ordination, 1967-68",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002897,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ILRSYU6,2001-06-01,J.W. Young,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:58:17Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/714002897,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2335307843,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2335307843,2012.0,2021.0,2001.0,,11.0 4638,"Seeing Red: U.S. Air Force Assessments of the Soviet Union, 1945-1949",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002887,"In the immediate postwar period Army Air Force A-2 cultivated a unique intelligence culture that focussed on the air-atomic threat posed by the Soviet Union and the use of the most advanced technologies to monitor countries behind the 'Iron Curtain'. Although most intelligence reports presented a detailed analysis of Russian air power capabilities, consideration was also given to an assessment of intentions. Based on a literal interpretation of Marxist texts and an unambiguous reading of Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, A-2 more than any other agency was convinced of the Soviet willingness to wage war. As for a reading of capabilities, the fact that the Soviets were developing a long-range air force was in itself evidence of intentions. A-2 was, however, left out of the national security decision-making loop until after the successful test of the Soviet A-bomb, which was accurately predicted by the Air Force in the summer of 1949. Until that time most officials in the Truman administration believed in the likelihood of the slow incremental expansion of Soviet power rather than the launching of an 'atomic Pearl harbor' against the Western bloc.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6UKZVSWH,2001-06-01,L. Aronsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:57:59Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/714002887,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037920717,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037920717,2020.0,2020.0,2001.0,,19.0 4639,Deterring Iraq: The UK Experience,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002894,"After deploying forces to Kuwait to forestall an incursion in July, 1961, the United Kingdom faced the daunting challenge of deterring an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait for nearly a decade. Informed by volumes of recently declassified UK documents, a review of the interplay among intelligence, contingency planning and force posture provides a useful case study of deterrence under conditions affording little to no warning. It particularly emphasizes the value of a bounded, realistic military strategy, delegation of authority to the operational commander, and the utility of a responsive intelligence collection and analysis system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/REBSIVLY,2001-06-01,R.A. Mobley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:57:34Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/714002894,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082008834,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082008834,2012.0,2020.0,2001.0,,11.0 4640,Nuclear Terrorism: Actor-based Threat Assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002889,"The assumption that policies reducing the proliferation of fissile materials will automatically reduce the threat of nuclear terrorism is fallacious. Even if moderately successful, anti-proliferation initiatives have a limited impact on the illegal flow of nuclear materials and are not likely to prevent the acquisition of nuclear materials by non-state actors. Current policies focus on the containment of fissile materials rather than on non-state-actors that may wish to acquire them. Concentrating principally on management, accounting, storage and transfer procedures, policy-makers seem to ignore the fact that the primary threat of nuclear terrorism stems not from the availability of the materials but from the potential willingness of some groups to acquire them. This article attempts to shift the focus of discussion from state-centric models of analysis to a threat or actor-based model of analysis. In doing so, the article seeks to identify risk factors, which in combination may indicate a willingness by non-state actors to acquire nuclear weapons. In addition it hopes to provide the basis for more effective threat assessments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W5HCJVLG,2001-06-01,T.J. Badey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:57:17Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/714002889,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996636726,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996636726,,,2001.0,, 4641,"Menzies, Macmillan and the 'Woomera spy case' of 1958",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002895,"In 1958 a British serviceman, based near the Woomera rocket range in South Australia, passed secrets to the Soviet Union. They concerned the joint Anglo-Australian guided missile project. Recently-released archival files reveal the intense anxiety, bordering on panic, that this security breach provoked in Canberra and London. The article places this reaction against the background of a long-term quest by Britain and Australia to convince the United States to restore wartime co-operation in the field of atomic technology and lift its embargo on the transmission of classified information. By unraveling, for the first time, the story of the Woomera spy case, the article illuminates issues of security, defence preparations and Anglo-Australian relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WE9CWJPK,2001-06-01,P. Deery,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:57:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/714002895,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026661352,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 4642,Dutch Sigint and the Conflict with Indonesia 1950-62,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002840,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DCNSHZ3N,2001-03-01,Wies Platje,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:55:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/714002840,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023544222,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023544222,2017.0,2024.0,2001.0,,16.0 4643,"Dutch Sigint during the Cold War, 1945-94",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002820,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E3VDMI9Y,2001-03-01,Cees Wiebes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:55:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/714002820,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018200087,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018200087,2020.0,2024.0,2001.0,,19.0 4644,"Scandinavia, Sigint and the Cold War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002837,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/77D58ELT,2001-03-01,Alf R. Jacobsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:54:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/714002837,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1986614768,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986614768,2017.0,2026.0,2001.0,,16.0 4645,"France, Sigint and the Cold War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002843,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3LBYRTUA,2001-03-01,Roger Faligot,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:53:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/714002843,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039918238,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039918238,2020.0,2025.0,2001.0,,19.0 4646,"The Bundesnachrichtendienst, the Bundeswehr and Sigint in the Cold War and After",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002841,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WYRRPWX5,2001-03-01,Erich Schmidt-Eenboom,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:52:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/714002841,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044204215,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044204215,2013.0,2025.0,2001.0,,12.0 4647,Canada's Communications Security Establishment from Cold War to Globalization,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714002836,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SKULP5SM,2001-03-01,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:52:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/714002836,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109454317,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2109454317,2012.0,2025.0,2001.0,,11.0 4648,The National Security Agency and the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306200a,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7HYFGH9T,2001-03-01,Matthew M. Aid,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520412331306200a,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032927900,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032927900,2014.0,2025.0,2001.0,,13.0 4649,"Jack, Judy, Sam, Bobby, Johnny, Frank...: An investigation into the alternate history of the CIA‐Mafia collaboration to assassinate Fidel Castro, 1960–1997",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432630,"The CIA‐Mafia plots to assassinate Fidel Castro in the early 1960s serve, by themselves, as comically horrifying tales, some of the many littered throughout American Cold War history. Yet these events have lived an extraordinary life outside of the textbooks and classrooms; the danger and intrigue of the organized crime underworld mixed with a national fascination with the Kennedy family have kept this story alive through all of its mutations. J. Alan Wolske analyzes the various histories of the assassination plots that have sprung from the government's own attempts to face up to its past deeds, and attempts to reconcile them with the ‘official’ history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KUNV7499,2000-12-01,J. Alan Wolske,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:34:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432630,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017373230,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017373230,2015.0,2015.0,2000.0,,15.0 4650,"De Witt Clinton Poole, the foreign nationalities branch and political intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432629,"The Foreign Nationalities Branch of the Office of Strategic Services served as an important source of political intelligence for the Roosevelt administration during World War II. The philosophy of the Branch's most influential director, DeWitt Clinton Poole, and his organization's work among Yugoslav‐Americans, illustrates the concerns that ethnic politics generated in the United States, as well as appreciation of the role that ethnics could play in psychological warfare and postwar anti‐Soviet propaganda.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KPT4YXW2,2000-12-01,Lorraine M. Lees,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:34:40Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520008432629,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2062512474,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2062512474,2015.0,2023.0,2000.0,,15.0 4651,From the horse's mouth: Luftwaffe POWs as sources for air ministry intelligence during the battle of Britain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432628,"British military intelligence as derived from the interrogation of prisoners‐of‐war (POWs) during the Second World War has been under‐valued by historians, whose attention has focused primarily on signals intelligence. While Sigint, in particular Ultra, was of undoubted value, Britain's armed services nevertheless attached much credence to POW‐derived intelligence, and by the war's end an abundance of information had been gleaned from the half a million plus Axis prisoners by then held in Britain. This article will examine the work of the Air Ministry Intelligence section known as AI1(K), which was responsible for POW interrogation, during the Battle of Britain, and attempt to illustrate both the wealth and value of such intelligence at a time when Ultra was still in its infancy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ISYUCWNG,2000-12-01,Kevin Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:34:22Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520008432628,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045853471,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045853471,2018.0,2019.0,2000.0,,18.0 4652,"Domestic intelligence and German military leaders, 1914–18",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432627,"The top of the German domestic intelligence system was taken over by the military during World War I. The rest of the system for collecting and reporting remained in local and regional political police hands. The military leaders did not make good use of the information they received, especially about labour and Social Democracy. The essay presents the ways that the system of gathering and reporting information functioned, including its wartime changes under the state of siege. Three specific issues are followed up with the reporting system for 1917–18. Then the essay shows how the military leaders responded to raw and filtered information before exploring why they made such inadequate use of the very thorough reports which they received.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8HUTKJ87,2000-12-01,Dieter K. Buse,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:33:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B4CCZ7Y8', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/02684520008432627,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979229621,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979229621,,,2000.0,, 4653,"‘Toys’ and ‘Whispers’ in ‘16‐land’: SOE and Ireland, 1940–1942",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432625,"This article explores SOE plans to organise stay behind parties in neutral Ireland in cooperation with Irish army officers, in anticipation of a successful German invasion, as well as efforts to prepare for sabotage operations and to plant rumours through its agent Roddy Keith, and later through the British press attache John Betjeman. SOE's ambitions were opposed both by MI5 and SIS. MI5 wished to protect its own links with Irish intelligence, while SIS feared for the security of its covert Irish networks (which in fact were already penetrated). The consequent rows drew in C, Sir Frank Nelson, and other senior figures. They were resolved by Churchill, who felt that to provide the Irish with war material would only encourage them in their neutrality policy. His verdict was taken as an instruction to SOE to quit Ireland.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZVKKTFBN,2000-12-01,E. O'Halpin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:32:52Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520008432625,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060056726,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060056726,,,2000.0,, 4654,The problem with glass houses: The soviet recruitment and deployment of SS men as spies and saboteurs,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432620,"Although the Soviets were often quick to charge the Western Powers with coddling German Nazis and with exploiting former SS men for selfish and amoral purposes, material from the US National Archives suggests that their intelligence service did the same thing and perhaps started the practice even earlier than their Western counterparts. One key report, based on the 1946 admissions of an ex‐SS man who had been captured on the Eastern Front and was then recruited by the Soviets for a subversive operation code‐named ‘Theo’, is corroborated by enough supporting evidence to make it credible.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YP8VSHP3,2000-09-01,Perry Biddiscombe,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:32:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432620,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996718984,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996718984,2019.0,2019.0,2000.0,,19.0 4655,Venona and Alger Hiss,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432619,"Alger Hiss, the American diplomat tried in a US federal district court in New York and convicted in 1950 of perjury, remains a disputed icon of the Cold War, representing either infiltration of the Roosevelt and Truman administrations by Communist spies or an historic miscarriage of justice. This article shows that a ‘Venona’ document released by the US and the UK in 1996 tentatively identifying Hiss as an espionage agent is erroneous and irreconcilable with the evidence presented by the US at Hiss's trials; that KGB documents have been misconstrued as supporting the identification; and that another Venona document tends to exonerate rather than to implicate Hiss. Venona errors regarding Hiss raise questions about the accuracy and reliability of the entire Venona process and its products.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RWN62WC5,2000-09-01,John Lowenthal,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:32:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432619,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2097748333,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2097748333,2014.0,2026.0,2000.0,,14.0 4656,From special operations to special political action: The ‘rump SOE’ and SIS post‐war covert action capability 1945–1977,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432617,"This article examines the post‐war dismantling of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and amalgamation with the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS). It is argued that the existing literature has been unclear on this matter, confusing two very different SIS departments, the Special Operations Branch and the Special Political Action Section. The article then examines how the assets and personnel of SOE were dispersed to three different divisions of the SIS; the Directorates of Production, Training and Development and War Planning, and then examines the separate origins and function of the Special Political Action Section.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D7EK4P4S,2000-09-01,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:31:43Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432617,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018323155,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018323155,2012.0,2024.0,2000.0,,12.0 4657,The time of troubles: The US national security agency in the twenty‐first century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432615,"This article seeks to ask whether the US National Security Agency (NSA) doing its job or stumbling through a midlife crisis. It reviews what has occurred at NSA during the last decade. It argues that some statements that have appeared in the American press that NSA was solely responsible for some of the US intelligence community's recent intelligence failures are factually incorrect. Furthermore, NSA's Sigint collection capabilities have actually improved considerably during the last decade, and evidence suggests that the technological obstacles that have been often cited in press reports as contributing to NSA's current problems have not yet begun to be widely used outside of the developed countries in Western Europe and East Asia. NSA's most pressing problem is, instead, an area which unfortunately has received little public attention in recent months, specifically the deterioration of the Agency's Sigint processing, analysis and reporting capabilities. It is clear that NSA must recruit substantial numbers of analysts and information technology specialists in the near future, and invest money in acquiring new processing technologies in order to begin to address this problem. The Agency must also take immediate steps to shore up its strained relations with its customers inside the US government and the armed forces. Given the transient and oftentimes fickle nature of politics, NSA must realize that it cannot depend solely on a few allies in the US Congress for its continued survival. Equally important, but more difficult, will be NSA's internal management problems, such as how to trim the Agency's large bureaucracy, eliminate duplication of effort and how to put NSA's financial accounts in order. Finally, it is time that NSA adopts a policy of greater openness about what it does and how it does it. One obvious way to do this is to declassify documents which detail the Agency's significant accomplishments since the end of World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SEK4GS7H,2000-09-01,Mtthew M. Aid,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:31:07Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684520008432615,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994551884,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994551884,2018.0,2020.0,2000.0,,18.0 4658,"American, British and Canadian intelligence links: A critical annotated bibliography",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432610,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UTL7PPLG,2000-06-01,Douglas M. Charles,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:29:49Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684520008432610,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2118999638,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2118999638,,,2000.0,, 4659,Parliament and its servants: Their role in scrutinizing Canadian intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432609,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I3MDC68E,2000-06-01,Stuart Farson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:29:28Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684520008432609,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048573920,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048573920,2018.0,2020.0,2000.0,,18.0 4660,"A matter of espionage: Alger Hiss, Harry Dexter White, and Igor Gouzenko the Canadian connection reassessed",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432608,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GQWZAGFC,2000-06-01,Bruce Craig,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:28:33Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432608,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2150365062,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2150365062,,,2000.0,, 4661,"Cold war alchemy: How America, Britain and Canada transformed espionage into subversion",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432607,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7E3T6SV4,2000-06-01,Reg Whitaker,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:28:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520008432607,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090696750,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090696750,2013.0,2023.0,2000.0,,13.0 4662,"Their men in Havana: Anglo‐American intelligence exchanges and the Cuban crises, 1961–62",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432606,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YSNAVLN3,2000-06-01,James G. Hershberg,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:27:52Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432606,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036771094,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036771094,2012.0,2021.0,2000.0,,12.0 4663,The hidden ‘alliance’: The CIA and MI6 before and after Suez,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432605,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3TFDCJQ8,2000-06-01,"Scott Lucas, Alistair Morey",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:27:38Z,['6XBG92FJ'],10.1080/02684520008432605,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043412692,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043412692,2014.0,2023.0,2000.0,,14.0 4664,British‐American scientific intelligence collaboration during the occupation of Germany,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432604,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XIT3S4MR,2000-06-01,Paul Maddrell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:27:25Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432604,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995710326,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995710326,2019.0,2019.0,2000.0,,19.0 4665,The difficult beginnings of US‐British codebreaking cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432603,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T8AUIXSC,2000-06-01,Stephen Budiansky,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:26:36Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520008432603,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060219168,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060219168,2015.0,2023.0,2000.0,,15.0 4666,"Roosevelt, Churchill and Anglo‐American intelligence: The strange case of Juan March",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432602,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DU5HQ2ZN,2000-06-01,David Stafford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:24:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520008432602,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2068208933,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2068208933,2014.0,2014.0,2000.0,,14.0 4667,"OSS‐SOE relations, Albania 1943–44",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432601,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8TDMPG2Z,2000-06-01,Roderick Bailey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T16:24:25Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520008432601,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015223635,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015223635,2015.0,2021.0,2000.0,,15.0 4668,Britain and the Korean war after 50 years: The slow emergence of an intelligence dimension,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432592,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SBI8TD2K,2000-03-01,Michael Hopkins,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T13:02:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432592,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2123646660,0.0,False,,,,2000.0,, 4669,Royal Canadian mounted spy: The secret life of John Leopold/Jack Esselwein,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432590,"John Leopold spied his way into becoming the most famous member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in the intewar period. Too short, and from the wrong ethnic background to have become a Mountie under normal circumstances, the immigrant Leopold was accepted specifically because of his eastern European origins. He infiltrated the fledgling Communist Party of Canada and after is exposure in 1928 became the RCMP's top expert on communism. His life provides insight into the developing Canadian security state, the nature of undercover intelligence gathering at the time, and the toll a life of secrecy can exact.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HHRPJZ4P,2000-03-01,Steve Hewitt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T13:01:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684520008432590,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975862573,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975862573,2013.0,2015.0,2000.0,,13.0 4670,The ‘masterpieces of the twentieth century’ festival and the congress for cultural freedom: Origins and consolidation 1947–52,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432589,"The Congress for Cultural Freedom was established in June 1950 in West Berlin with the intention of solidifying anti‐communist opinion among Western intellectuals. Despite much having already been written on its history and its relationship with the CIA, there remains a lack of clarity over its early years concerning the extent of the CIA role and the degree to which a coherent ‘strategy’ existed. This article concentrates on the various individuals and groups who were involved in the Congress' origins, and how its purpose and method was consolidated by means of its first major venture after Berlin, the ‘Masterpieces of the 20th Century’ festival held in Paris in May 1952.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9GFLZJ8P,2000-03-01,Giles Scott‐Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T13:01:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432589,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072763077,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072763077,2017.0,2021.0,2000.0,,17.0 4671,Arresting Nazi spies in Vichy France (1940–42),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432588,"This article deals with the controversial and neglected topic of the anti‐German aspect of counter‐espionage in wartime France. The Vichy government initially tolerated the arrest of Nazi agents as a way of securing its sovereignty over the ‘unoccupied’ parts of France or paradoxically of reinforcing collaboration by offering arrested spies as a bargaining counter in negotiations with the Nazis. Rapidly it began to back‐track, undermining its secret services in this domain, as the desire to avoid diplomatic incidents weakened its resolve. Members of the secret services themselves took the dangerous decision to continue to see the Germans as an enemy power, although this attitude was never entirely devoid of ambiguity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8UWEIJ2B,2000-03-01,Simon Kitson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:59:49Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520008432588,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968851775,0.0,False,,,,2000.0,, 4672,"Washington's view of the Sino‐Soviet split, 1961–63: From puzzled prudence to bold experimentation",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432587,"The intelligence community figured importantly in the Kennedy administration's handling of the Sino‐Soviet split. Moving in tandem with a hardening policy perception about the reality of the split, intelligence analysts gave confidence to administration officials as the latter sought to come to grips with momentous shifts in strategic international alignments. Three stages are discernible. While scoring a success in charting the Sino‐Soviet rupture, Kennedy's intelligence advisers initially shied away from ascribing permanence to the rift. Divisions of opinion, bureaucratic caution, cognitive inertia, and Sherman Kent's orthodox views about the advisory role of intelligence combined to produce this reticence. During 1962, the advent of China watchers to government contributed to greater conviction that the split was irreversible. The Sino‐Indian Border War and the Cuban Missile Crisis culminated official Washington's tendency to both view the split a fait accompli and regard Moscow as less menacing than Beijing. A key figure in shaping this approach was Ray Cline, the CIA's Deputy Director for Intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MXBLNZJ7,2000-03-01,Noam Kochavi,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:59:26Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432587,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084483974,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084483974,2014.0,2018.0,2000.0,,14.0 4673,American Comint in the Korean war (part ii): From the Chinese intervention to the armistice,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432586,"This article examines American intelligence during the Korean War, from the intervention to the armistice, focusing primarily upon Comint. The role of Comint cannot be said to have been decisive, being weakest during the first year of the war, when strategic development were at their most fluid. Comint was certainly critical at the operational level after 1951 and helped the UN forces in Korea win significant battles. But Comint never came close to living up to its full potential and only came on stream in a manner that commanders found acceptable after the campaign in Korea had reached stalemate. The most dramatic military contribution of Comint during the Korean War was probably in the closing stages of the air war, where its impact was almost certainly critical.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7YTAPLVN,2000-03-01,Matthew M. Aid,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:59:08Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684520008432586,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2126073372,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2126073372,2012.0,2018.0,2000.0,,12.0 4674,Intelligence aspects of cold war scientific exchanges: US‐USSR atomic energy exchange visits in 1959,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432585,"Scientific exchange visits between the United States (and other Western countries) and the Soviet Union were inaugurated in the late 1950s, both for their intrinsic value, and for more broad political purposes. Such exchanges, also involved risks ‐ and opportunities — for intelligence exploitation by both sides. In this article, drawing on previously classified records, the author describes his experience as the CIA officer responsible for intelligence exploitation of an important early exchange of visits of US and Soviet atomic energy delegations, while serving under cover as the interpreter for the two delegations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z9752AKW,2000-03-01,Raymond L. Garthoff,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:58:51Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520008432585,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016355980,0.0,False,,,,2000.0,, 4675,Winning in Malaya: An intelligence success story,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432580,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SJYQQ2LV,1999-12-01,Brian Stewart,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:44:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432580,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043161215,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043161215,2013.0,2016.0,1999.0,,14.0 4676,"Content, credibility and context: Propaganda government surrender policy and the Malayan communist terrorist mass surrenders of 1958",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432579,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5IGJ3585,1999-12-01,Kumar Ramakrishna,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:44:03Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432579,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015718929,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015718929,2012.0,2024.0,1999.0,,13.0 4677,"Corpses, prisoners of war and captured documents: British and communist narratives of the Malayan emergency, and the dynamics of intelligence transformation",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432578,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CGS89TZH,1999-12-01,Karl Hack,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:43:51Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432578,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2148274346,31.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2148274346,2012.0,2023.0,1999.0,,13.0 4678,"British and Malaysian covert support for rebel movements in Indonesia during the ‘confrontation’, 1963–66",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432577,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MZL4Z7TK,1999-12-01,David Easter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:43:16Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529908432577,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053531045,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053531045,2012.0,2024.0,1999.0,,13.0 4679,"Late imperial romance: Magsaysay, Lansdale and the Philippine‐American ‘special relationship’",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432576,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XURZLWCQ,1999-12-01,Eva‐Lotta E. Hedman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:42:49Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432576,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085902218,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 4680,"Bombs, plots and allies: Cambodia and the western powers, 1958–59",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432575,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KDGYQKTE,1999-12-01,Mona K. Bitar,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:42:33Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432575,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070580203,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070580203,,,1999.0,, 4681,"Legacies of Secret Service: Renegade SOE and the Karen Struggle in Burma, 1948–50",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432574,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UPYZ95IM,1999-12-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:42:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432574,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095229644,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095229644,2012.0,2018.0,1999.0,,13.0 4682,The SIS Singapore station and the role of the far east controller: Secret intelligence structure and process in post‐war colonial administration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432573,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KZBKRWST,1999-12-01,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:40:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432573,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982284727,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982284727,2012.0,2017.0,1999.0,,13.0 4683,Taiwan's propaganda cold war: The offshore islands crises of 1954 and 1958,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432572,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IQHHFEAB,1999-12-01,Gary D. Rawnsley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:40:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432572,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003161821,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003161821,2014.0,2021.0,1999.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Taiwan_s_propaganda_cold_war_The_offshore_islands_crises_of_1954_and_1958/24400840,15.0 4684,"A mission of espionage, intelligence and psychological operations: The American consulate in Hong Kong, 1949–64",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432571,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SPYC8IAU,1999-12-01,Johannes R. Lombardo,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:39:56Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432571,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073486477,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073486477,2014.0,2025.0,1999.0,,15.0 4685,US humint and comint in the Korean War: From the approach of War to the Chinese intervention,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432570,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NV6W8LJH,1999-12-01,Matthew M. Aid,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:39:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432570,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082470394,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082470394,2015.0,2020.0,1999.0,,16.0 4686,"Introduction: The clandestine cold war in Asia, 1945–65",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432569,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MPLKP3VC,1999-12-01,"Richard J. Aldrich, Gary D. Rawnsley, Ming‐Yeh T. Rawnsley",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:39:22Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432569,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2139903052,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2139903052,2014.0,2022.0,1999.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Introduction_The_clandestine_cold_war_in_Asia_1945-65/24400837,15.0 4687,Japanese foreign intelligence‐related activities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432562,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RVSA5C6T,1999-09-01,Andrew Oros,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:38:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529908432562,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2034423471,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034423471,,,1999.0,, 4688,A critical review of the Wilson government's handling of the D‐notice affair 1967,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432560,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CJ495J5W,1999-09-01,Matthew Creevy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:38:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432560,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2160435262,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160435262,2012.0,2015.0,1999.0,,13.0 4689,"George Wigg, the Wilson government and the 1966 report into security in the diplomatic service and GCHQ",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432559,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XR55QXA9,1999-09-01,John W. Young,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:37:40Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432559,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095705625,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095705625,2019.0,2019.0,1999.0,,20.0 4690,"Voice of America and Iran, 1949–1953: US liberal developmentalism, propaganda and the Cold War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432557,"The administration of President Harry S. Truman used Voice of America radio to promote Iranian ‘liberal developmentalism’. Radio propaganda joined economic assistance, military aid, and other information programs to promote Western‐style capitalism and to repel Communist appeals in Iran. But President Dwight D. Eisenhower abandoned Truman's gradualist Iran policy in favor of covert action, a seemingly more expedient solution to perceived Iranian political instability. The US‐British engineered coup in 1953 to overthrow the nationalistic Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq revealed the shallowness of US commitments to liberal reform in Iran and highlighted Americans' willingness to undermine Iranian sovereignty in order to preserve US security interests in the Middle East.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZXRBFR8C,1999-09-01,Deborah Kisatsky,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:37:04Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432557,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968813010,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968813010,2013.0,2022.0,1999.0,,14.0 4691,Edward Bell and his Zimmermann telegram memoranda,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432556,"Edward Bell (1882–1924), the American diplomat who dealt with British intelligence in the matter of the Zimmermann telegram, which pushed the United States into World War I, has been unknown in all but his name. This note offers a brief biography and photograph. It prints two unpublished memoranda that Bell wrote giving his inside story of the telegram, written to explain why an author should not reveal its solution. Also appended are a memo about that solution and its disclosure to the Americans by the telegram's main British cryptanalyst and a note revealing the ignorance of the German minister in Mexico about how the telegram came to Allied knowledge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y46XLBMN,1999-09-01,David Kahn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:36:49Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684529908432556,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070843406,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070843406,2013.0,2013.0,1999.0,,14.0 4692,"The spy who never was: An intelligence myth in Palestine, 1914–18",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432555,"Myths, like old soldiers, refuse to die, let alone myths about spies. The adventures of the daring German super‐spy, Fritz Frank (1873–1968), who operated behind British lines in Sinai and Palestine during World War I, disguised as a British officer, have fired the imagination of contemporaries as well as historians and scholars to date. This article shows that while Frank himself was a real, flesh and blood figure, the deeds attributed to him were almost entirely imaginary.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7VSDVKSA,1999-09-01,Yigal Sheffy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:36:31Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684529908432555,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002348351,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002348351,2022.0,2023.0,1999.0,,23.0 4693,"‘An interesting and plausible proposal’: Bruce Lockhart, Sidney Reilly and the Latvian Riflemen, Russia 1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432553,"The details of the plot by Lockhart and Reilly to overthrow Lenin in summer 1918 are well established, as is the role played by the Cheka in infiltrating it. One element remains unclear, however: why did Britain's Russia expert and her ‘master spy’ think that Lenin's ‘praetorian guard’, the Latvian Riflemen, might be ‘turned’. New evidence reveals that anti‐Bolshevik sentiment was growing among Latvian troops in autumn 1918, giving good grounds to embark on the enterprise. It was ‘an interesting and plausible proposal’, which failed partly because of Cheka penetration but also because Reilly changed the nature of the original proposal.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M4UR9DRL,1999-09-01,Geoffrey Swain,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:35:50Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684529908432553,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989708784,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989708784,2016.0,2021.0,1999.0,,17.0 4694,The 1962 Cuban intelligence estimate: A methodological perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432552,"The performance of American intelligence in the 1962 Cuban crisis was measured inadequately. An account of its failures suggests that the roots of poor performance, and of SNIE 85–3–62 in particular, were in a flawed methodological approach. Problems in four aspects of the intelligence methodology are identified: in the use of comparative logic; in the use of evidence for theory validation; in the formulation of research questions; and in the development and review of assumptions. Finally, the methodological discussion yields lessons concerning the analysis of intelligence performance and makes suggestions for improvement of the intelligence assessment process.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3MXFEAVK,1999-09-01,Gil Merom,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:35:27Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432552,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031728188,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031728188,2021.0,2023.0,1999.0,,22.0 4695,Espionage and the cold war: Oleg Penkovsky and the Cuban missile crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432551,"Oleg Penkovsky spied for SIS and the CIA during a crucial phase of the Cold War. Acclaimed as one of the most important spies of the century, his role in the Cuban missile crisis has been portrayed as of pre‐eminent importance to the outcome. Other historians have challenged this interpretation, while some believe that far from working for the West, Penkovsky was an instrument of Soviet strategic deception. This article draws upon CIA records and recent scholarship on the missile crisis to adjudicate on these various claims, and to show where, how and why much of the literature exaggerates and distorts Penkovsky's influence and importance. Avenues for further research are also identified.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B68B349C,1999-09-01,Len Scott,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:35:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432551,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2170281868,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2170281868,2017.0,2025.0,1999.0,,18.0 4696,The Ottoman special organization-Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa : a historical assessment with particular reference to its operations against British occupied Egypt (1914-1916),Thesis,http://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/handle/11693/17131,"The present level of the knowledge about the plans and operations of the Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa forces against Egypt during World War I is very poor in terms of the analysis of this phenomenon at a micro level in different localities. This study, in this context, is an attempt throught the Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa concentration mourished mainly from Sinai, Libya, and to a lesser extent Sudan, against Egypt between 1914 and 1916 to further our understanding of not only the details of the Teşkilat's activities in these regions but also its administrative and operational characteristics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2G53E7DT,2006-01-01,Polat Safi,,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",,,Master's Thesis,Bilkent University,,,,,,,,, 4697,Intelligence aspects of early cold war summitry (1959–60),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432550,"The author recounts, on the basis of personal experience as the responsible CIA officer and using previously classified documentation, intelligence aspects of summit‐level visits of Vice President Richard Nixon to the Soviet Union and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to the United States in 1959, and the planned but aborted visit of President Dwight Eisenhower to the Soviet Union in 1960. He discusses both the role of intelligence in support of US in policymakers in these encounters, and the exploitation of opportunities to acquire intelligence information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T4XUK5UB,1999-09-01,Raymond L. Garthoff,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:11:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432550,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024604327,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 4698,Debris from Stella Polaris: A footnote to the CIA‐NSA account of Venona,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432546,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8CLP4AFN,1999-06-01,C.G. McKay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:03:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432546,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013032029,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 4699,The Holden agreement on naval Sigint: The first BRUSA?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432545,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TXLFC5EP,1999-06-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T12:03:36Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432545,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980357696,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980357696,2016.0,2025.0,1999.0,,17.0 4700,Behind Venona: American signals intelligence in the early cold war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432544,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8S3GTVZP,1999-06-01,David Alvarez,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:40:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432544,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2119295126,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2119295126,2017.0,2022.0,1999.0,,18.0 4701,British intelligence and counter‐insurgency in the era of decolonisation: The example of Malaya,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432542,"This article uses two approaches to show the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) and intelligence were reaching a turning point before the 1952 appointment of a single commander; and to show the reason for this success was a counter‐insurgency technique which placed population control at its core. First, the article outlines the development of intelligence, in order to identify when and why it became effective. Second, it re‐examines intelligence on the Malayan Communist Party's (MCP) so‐called ‘October’ 1951 Directives. It argues these confirm the MCP was virtually forced to change its tactics by late 1951. Together, these approaches challenge existing historiography, which makes Sir Gerald Templer's era of 1952–54, when he was both High Commissioner and Director of Operations, the turning point.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6SST8FS6,1999-06-01,Karl Hack,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:40:02Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684529908432542,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083494954,48.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083494954,2012.0,2025.0,1999.0,,13.0 4702,"Soviet industrial espionage against American military technology and the US response, 1930–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432541,"Between 1930 and 1945, the Soviet Union played a significant role in American domestic affairs. Although its agents’ infiltration of social movements and government agencies is well known, their parallel and highly successful practice of espionage against American industrial and military technology is less familiar. Washington officials were aware of Soviet spying, but mired in the Depression and then preoccupied with war, they mounted only a limited response, reflecting a political culture that did not emphasize active counterintelligence efforts. As a result, early Cold War revelations of unmistakable Soviet espionage shocked Americans, polarizing the Soviet‐American relationship and introducing a zealous domestic security apparatus.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L8UF9D3Z,1999-06-01,Katherine A. S. Sibley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:39:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529908432541,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969390830,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969390830,2013.0,2026.0,1999.0,,14.0 4703,"British technical intelligence and the Soviet intermediate range ballistic missile threat, 1952–60",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432540,"This article looks at the shifting intricacies of British assessments of the Soviet IRBM threat to the United Kingdom during the 1950s. Based on JIC, Cabinet and Air Ministry records of the period, as well as political memoirs, it looks at the assessments in parallel with the development of the British Blue Streak nuclear ballistic missile programme. This land‐based weapon was eventually cancelled in April 1960 on strategic not cost grounds, too early in this author's opinion.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FXCZFCK7,1999-06-01,Benjamin Cole,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:39:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432540,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2025045221,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2025045221,,,1999.0,, 4704,Elizabeth Bentley and cold war representation: Some masks not dropped,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432539,"During the 1930s and 1940s Soviet intelligence operated spy rings within the United States. America Communist Elizabeth Bentley managed these networks until she defected to the FBI in 1945. Bentley's story of Communists in government ‐ the first of the Cold War — caused a public scandal. Some commentators, offended by Bentley's failure to fulfil traditional gender prescriptions, ridiculed her and shed doubts upon her story, which received less serious consideration than Whittaker Chambers’ similar tale. This article explores these criticisms, Bentley's attempts to counter them with her own public performances of traditional feminity, and, implicitly, gender's role in American Cold War politics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IWZFJZUI,1999-06-01,Veronica A. Wilson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:38:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529908432539,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001251641,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001251641,2016.0,2025.0,1999.0,,17.0 4705,"CIA's role in the study of UFOs, 1947–90: A die‐hard issue∗",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432538,This article is a reprint from a declassified issue of the CIA's in‐house journal. It testifies to the enormous impact of UFOs in North America and the involvement of the CIA and USAF from their very year of creation (1947). This year also featured the notorious Roswell incident in New Mexico. The phenomenon is examined decade by decade for the entire Cold War. The mere existence of official records and their release or non‐release has become a never‐ending bone of contention.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2S8WFR2S,1999-06-01,Gerald K. Haines,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:38:41Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529908432538,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037979789,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037979789,2018.0,2025.0,1999.0,,19.0 4706,UFOs and the US intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432537,"UFO (Unidentified Flying Object) phenomena have been a prominent feature of the cultural landscape in the US for the past half century. Throughout this entire period, US intelligence agencies have been involved in one way or another with these phenomena. This article describes how, as an unintended consequence, that involvement has fostered public acceptance of the belief that some UFOs are spacecraft from another world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FLDW5YJQ,1999-06-01,Charles A. Ziegler,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:38:07Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529908432537,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2151267837,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2151267837,2018.0,2018.0,1999.0,,19.0 4707,"Review article: Russia's official intelligence history, volume 1",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432533,"Evgenii M. Primakov (ed.), Ocherki istorii rossiiskoi vneshnei razvedki: V shesti tomakh (Studies in the History of Russian Foreign Intelligence: in 6 volumes), Vol.1 (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 1996). Pp.240, 41 illus. NP. ISBN 5–7133–0860‐X (T.I).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XFMBPHUX,1999-03-01,David Schimmelpenninck Van Der Oye,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:37:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684529908432533,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008983578,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 4708,"Chinese codebreakers, 1927–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432530,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ESUALGD2,1999-03-01,Maochun Yu,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:36:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432530,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980725040,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980725040,2017.0,2018.0,1999.0,,18.0 4709,"Signals intelligence and Vichy France, 1940–44: Intelligence in defeat",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432529,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9AJTJIRS,1999-03-01,Martin Thomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:36:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'LXMU5UXP', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432529,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004002410,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004002410,2016.0,2016.0,1999.0,,17.0 4710,New intelligence releases: A British side to the story,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432528,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C3K9QW22,1999-03-01,Bradley F. Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:35:25Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529908432528,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039044003,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039044003,2015.0,2015.0,1999.0,,16.0 4711,Searching for security: The German investigations into enigma's security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432527,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XHKIN9FX,1999-03-01,R. A. Ratcliff,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:34:53Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432527,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2076797805,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 4712,Cautious collaborators: The struggle for Anglo‐American cryptanalytic co‐operation 1940–43,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432526,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I2ISQS6E,1999-03-01,Lee A. Gladwin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:34:32Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432526,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2068200622,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2068200622,2015.0,2015.0,1999.0,,16.0 4713,"The ‘usual source’: Signals intelligence and planning for the eighth army ‘Crusader’ offensive, 1941",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432525,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MN8IMHEU,1999-03-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:34:09Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432525,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968587808,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968587808,,,1999.0,, 4714,New evidence on breaking the Japanese army codes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432524,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRQD7T3K,1999-03-01,"Edward J. Drea, Joseph E. Richard",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:33:50Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432524,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020151700,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020151700,2016.0,2018.0,1999.0,,17.0 4715,Signals intelligence in Australia during the Pacific War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432523,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BA6LN8RK,1999-03-01,Frank Cain,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:33:30Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432523,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2154569069,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2154569069,2020.0,2022.0,1999.0,,21.0 4716,"Automating American cryptanalysis 1930–45: Marvelous machines, a bit too late",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432522,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HCQ7NYZ3,1999-03-01,Colin Burke,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:32:54Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529908432522,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094889643,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094889643,2014.0,2014.0,1999.0,,15.0 4717,Axis Sigint collaboration: A limited partnership,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432521,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/27G3D927,1999-03-01,David Alvarez,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:32:38Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529908432521,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2022266194,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022266194,2016.0,2023.0,1999.0,,17.0 4718,"Bitten by the Russia bug: Britons and Russia, 1894–1939",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432516,"Keith Neilson, Britain and the Last Tsar: British Policy and Russia, 1894–1917 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995). Pp.xv + 408, maps, biblio., index. ISBN 0–19820–47–0. Michael Hughes, Inside the Enigma: British Officials in Russia, 1900–39 (London: The Hambledon Press, 1998). Pp.xi + 336, biblio., index. £35. ISBN 1–85285–160–0. G. W. Morrell, Britain Confronts the Stalin Revolution: Anglo‐Soviet Relations and the Metro‐Vickers Crisis (Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1995). Pp.ix + 204, appendices, biblio., index, edn $34.95. ISBN 0–88920–250–8.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HT93DDV,1998-12-01,Geoffrey Swain,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:32:06Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684529808432516,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011205695,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 4719,"British intelligence from Fenian Dynamite to the Docklands bomb, by way of two world wars, one cold war, and a jungle full of snakes",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432515,"Michael Smith, New Cloak, Old Dagger: How Britain's Spies Came In From The Cold (London: Gollancz, 1996) Pp.276, 4 illus., 24 photos. £20. ISBN 0–575–06150–2.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RVBBG9GG,1998-12-01,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:31:33Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529808432515,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054126875,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 4720,The myth of recovered innocence in US intelligence history,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432514,"David E. Murphy, Sergei A. Kondrashev and George Bailey, Battleground Berlin: CIA vs KGB in the Cold War (New Haven, Conn. and London: Yale University Press, 1997). Pp. 530, index. £19.95. ISBN 0–300–07233–3. James G. Blight and Peter Kornbluh (eds.) Politics of Illusion: The Bay of Pigs Invasion Reexamined (Boulder, Colo, and London: Lynne Rienner, 1998). Pp. 284, index. £35.95. ISBN 1–55587–783–4.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WR2H7FJB,1998-12-01,Rhodri Jeffreys‐Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:31:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529808432514,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2198149545,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 4721,Response to ‘no cloak and dagger required: Intelligence support to UN peacekeeping missions’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432512,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TA3BXTMG,1998-12-01,Thomas Quiggin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:30:52Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529808432512,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995949859,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995949859,,,1998.0,, 4722,Competitive intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432511,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A3D3KD54,1998-12-01,Kevin P. Stack,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:30:35Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684529808432511,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4242224045,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242224045,2013.0,2023.0,1998.0,,15.0 4723,Operation ‘Schooner/Nylon’: RAF flying in the Berlin control zone,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432510,"Shortly after the end of the Second World War six Allied and Soviet Military Liaison Missions were established on the territory of the former Third Reich. The British contribution to this was known as BRIXMIS, the British Commanders ‘‐in‐Chief Mission to the Soviet Forces in Germany. However, after a short time liaison was not the only activity, espionage inevitably became the most important function of BRIXMIS. One of the more important and dangerous operations was the acquisition of aerial intelligence of Soviet installations in East Germany and East Berlin taking photography with hand‐held cameras from a single‐engined Chipmunk aircraft which was ostensibly used by the RAF for training purposes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/627P798K,1998-12-01,Roy Marsden,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:30:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529808432510,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2157444786,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 4724,Burma's intelligence apparatus,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432504,"Since it regained its independence in 1948, Burma has developed a complex structure of intelligence and specialized security agencies. After General Ne Win's coup d'etat in 1962, and led by the Military Intelligence Service (MIS), this apparatus was completely dominated by the armed forces, which used it not only to gather combat‐related intelligence but also to stamp out any challenges to continuing military rule. So powerful did the MIS become that, at times, it was seen as a threat to the Ne Win regime, and purged of key personnel. After the creation of the State Law and Order Restoration Council in 1988, the resources devoted to Burma's intelligence agencies greatly increased. Under the Directorate of Defence Services Intelligence, more attention was given to purely military intelligence, but there was also closer surveillance of both the armed forces and the civilian population. Since late 1997, this policy has continued under the State Peace and Development Council. Several intelligence failures in recent years, however, have raised serious questions about the ability of even this expanded apparatus to meet all the demands being placed upon it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AVE93NR2,1998-12-01,Andrew Selth,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:28:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529808432504,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2057664402,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057664402,2015.0,2025.0,1998.0,,17.0 4725,The Cuban missile crisis and intelligence performance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432498,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7QD2ZUAH,1998-09-01,"James G. Blight, David A. Welch",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:26:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529808432498,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036807722,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036807722,2017.0,2018.0,1998.0,,19.0 4726,"Perception, intelligence errors, and the Cuban missile crisis",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432497,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SUGXGJWD,1998-09-01,Beth A. Fischer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:26:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529808432497,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039876316,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039876316,2019.0,2026.0,1998.0,,21.0 4727,Organizing for crisis intelligence: Lessons from the Cuban missile crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432496,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MSX7U6HQ,1998-09-01,James J. Wirtz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:26:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529808432496,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001730600,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001730600,2018.0,2023.0,1998.0,,20.0 4728,Cuban intelligence and the October crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432495,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5BAGWF3F,1998-09-01,Domingo Amuchastegui,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:25:51Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529808432495,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968966689,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968966689,2016.0,2020.0,1998.0,,18.0 4729,US intelligence in the Cuban missile crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432493,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZNS7NG3F,1998-09-01,Raymond L. Garthoff,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:24:00Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529808432493,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016238304,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016238304,2015.0,2025.0,1998.0,,17.0 4730,"What can intelligence tell us about the Cuban missile crisis, and what can the Cuban missile crisis tell us about intelligence?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432492,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MBIAYINN,1998-09-01,"James G. Blight, David A. Welch",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:23:16Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529808432492,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970048606,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970048606,2015.0,2015.0,1998.0,,17.0 4731,The birth of sis: A newly released document,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432485,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U8N9ZLB7,1998-06-01,Bradley F. Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:17:26Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684529808432485,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2134230115,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2134230115,,,1998.0,, 4732,Intelligence and the challenge of collaborative government,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432484,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S8SEXLJB,1998-06-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:17:12Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/02684529808432484,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2112188916,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 4733,Executive power and the control of American intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432483,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N9YKSSM3,1998-06-01,Stephen Knott,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:16:57Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/02684529808432483,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2100839521,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2100839521,2018.0,2018.0,1998.0,,20.0 4734,The Moscow‐Canberra cables: How soviet intelligence obtained British secrets through the back door,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432482,"The publication of decoded KGB cables between Australia and Moscow has settled several major controversies. First, that a small group of communists in the public service gave secret documents to a local KGB resident; second, that the testimony of two Soviet intelligence defectors, Vladimir and Evdokia Petrov, was largely accurate; third, that the highly‐political 1954 Royal Commission into Espionage was not a baseless frame‐up, as the Labor opposition leader, Dr Evatt, charged. The nature of the so‐called spy ring, however, was exaggerated, since it was largely an amateur group set up for domestic not espionage purposes. The authenticity and value to historians of the Venona cables released by the Natiional Security Agency is discussed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GQ26IHPN,1998-06-01,David McKnight,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:16:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529808432482,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994553954,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994553954,2016.0,2016.0,1998.0,,18.0 4735,Recent reform of intelligence in the UK: Democratization or risk management?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432481,"The recent flurry of intelligence legislation in the UK can be taken to mean that Britain has democratized its intelligence services in line with other western democracies. However, this argument is rejected. The changing role of intelligence, particularly in the area of ‘serious and organized crime’, altered the environment in which intelligence services operate and meant that they lost their monopoly of control over information. It is more a process of risk management than democratization. The Intelligence Services Act 1994 and the role of the new oversight body, the Parliamentary Intelligence and Security Committee, are also assessed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6F32E4SI,1998-06-01,K.G. Robertson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:16:24Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529808432481,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055564488,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055564488,2012.0,2023.0,1998.0,,14.0 4736,"A review of selected cases of industrial espionage and economic spying, 1568–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432480,"Despite current dire warnings, study of episodes in the history of industrial espionage and economic spying reveal that surreptitious collection of manufacturing and other business secrets has been a methodical, calculated and abundant practice. Widespread predation of commercial information in the sixteenth to twentieth centuries is illustrative of the insatiable appetite for proprietary information for both private and governmental interests, and cases as varied as those of pre‐industrial times to the sophisticated covers used by the Third Reich attest to the lengths gone to for obtaining a variety of industrial secrets. The patterns and tactics used in other eras are instructive for our own, and place contemporary commercial espionage activity in an historical context, asserting that current industrial spying is part of a larger legacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3ESFD3K6,1998-06-01,Brian Champion,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:14:54Z,"['8XA7D88D', '9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'DS3WDJUS', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529808432480,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1966758453,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1966758453,2022.0,2024.0,1998.0,,24.0 4737,From the politics of lying to the farce at Suez: What the US knew,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432479,"This article seeks to establish, in a definitive manner, what the US knew about the Suez invasion plan of 1956. With the benefit of the CIA's U‐2 reconnaissance plane, the US was able to pinpoint, as of mid‐October, the existence of nearly three times the number of Mystère fighters in Israel than had previously been notified to Washington by the French government. That plus an information blackout on the part of the British and the French, and the breakdown of negotiations with the Egyptians at the UN, roused Washington's apprehensions that a military option was being considered. However, though there was suspicion on the part of the US that an Israeli‐French operation might be in the offing, Washington never seriously focused on the possibility of a tripartite operation involving the British, the French, and the Israelis. President Eisenhower and Secretary of State Dulles relied on the Anglo‐American special relationship and on British good sense not to get involved. In particular, Washington completely missed the fact of the British‐French‐Israeli meeting at Sèvres, at which time (24 October), the decision was taken to launch the operation five days later. The transparent nature of the British‐French announced decision, after the Israeli attack, to ‘separate’ the Egyptian and Israeli forces doomed the operation from the start before the court of world opinion. In this manner, Operation ‘Separation of Forces’ was transformed into a force.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HAP9NJIR,1998-06-01,Charles G. Cogan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:14:36Z,['6XBG92FJ'],10.1080/02684529808432479,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2076053809,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076053809,2016.0,2018.0,1998.0,,18.0 4738,‘I was a Hollywood agent’: Cinematic representations of the office of strategic services in 1946,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432478,"In 1946, not long after the Office of Strategic Services was dissolved, three Hollywood feature films were released that dramatized the agency's operations during World WarII: O.S.S. (ParamountPictures, 13 Rue Madeleine (Twentieth Century‐Fox), and Cloak and Dagger (Warner Bros. Pictures). Although officials in the War Depatment wre often disturbed by many of the technical details that these, three films revealed bout the military, the intelligence establishment generally benefited from the largely positive publicity and box‐office success that these films received in the early years of the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TCW5J5GL,1998-06-01,James I. Deutsch,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:14:13Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529808432478,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2140557588,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2140557588,2012.0,2016.0,1998.0,,14.0 4739,The Munsinger affair: Images of espionage and security in 1960s Canada,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432477,"Using the Gerda Munsinger affair of 1966, this article explores Canadian attitudes in the 1960s concerning the nature of security threats to Canada, the proper role of government in protecting Canadian security, and espionage and spies generally. Initial findings suggest that the RCMP was out of step with much of the Canadian public in determining what constituted a legitimate security threat and that, regardless of how Munsinger herself was variously assessed as a security risk by the actors in the public inquiry or by outside observers, there clearly existed a widely shared perception of the ‘typical profile’ of the female spy which was likely heavily influenced by contemporary popular culture.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G5MCXZ98,1998-06-01,Deborah van Seters,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:13:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529808432477,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091098944,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091098944,2025.0,2025.0,1998.0,,27.0 4740,"Long‐Haired women, short‐haired spies: Gender, espionage, and America's war in Vietnam",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432476,"Women who fought the Americans and the South Vietnamese in the Vietnam War performed many tasks. Some were the usual women's work: nursing, providing food, shelter, repairing trails, and preparing ambushes. But, they also were useful as combatants and spies. Less obvious than men, they exchanged information on troop movements while at market. They were couriers, demonstrators and recruiters. They fought and also performed intelligence through ingenious strategems. One old woman cut off her hair, was half naked, and convinced the Southern troops that she was harmless; then she entered a base and gathered information that aided the NLF forces to defeat the enemy. The communist women were indeed a key to victory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3ZBGTGVS,1998-06-01,Sandra C. Taylor,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:13:23Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/02684529808432476,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973527356,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973527356,2020.0,2025.0,1998.0,,22.0 4741,Hungnam and the Japanese atomic bomb: Recent historiography of a postwar Myth,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432475,"Since 1946, journalists in the US have alleged that Japanese scientists successfully built and tested an atomic bomb hear the city of Hungnam, Korea, during the closing days of World War II. Based upon reports from US military intelligence investigations conducted after the war, as well as from Japanese corporate histories and memoirs, the present essay attempts to dispel the myth of Japans atomic bomb by providing a detailed examination of the events that occurred in Hungnam in the final days of the war. Reasons for the endurance of the myth in the historiography of modern Japan are also considered.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XIAJRZVT,1998-06-01,Walter E. Grunden,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:13:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529808432475,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2029804907,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2029804907,2012.0,2022.0,1998.0,,14.0 4742,Venona's Source 19 and the ‘Trident’ Conference of May 1943: Diplomacy or Espionage?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432474,"The Soviet intelligence cables in ‘Venona’ contain the cryptonyms of hundreds of agents and informants active in Washington. Many of these persons occupied positions of trust, but only one appears to have been a confidant of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In May 1943 source 19 told the Soviets about ‘Trident’, the conference at which a date had been set for the invasion of Western Europe. Until now 19 has defied identification. But a close examination of the records of ‘Trident’ in light of clues contained in a Soviet cable establishes to a high degree of probability that 19 was none other than Roosevelt's Special Assistant, Harry L. Hopkins.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LKNXNHKZ,1998-06-01,Eduard Mark,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:12:49Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529808432474,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061387278,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061387278,2022.0,2023.0,1998.0,,24.0 4743,"Brotherly enemies: The rise and fall of the Syrian‐Egyptian intelligence axis, 1954–1967",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432469,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JXS4NMGE,1998-03-01,Andrew Rathmell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:12:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684529808432469,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2028223965,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028223965,2017.0,2020.0,1998.0,,19.0 4744,"Nihil mirare, nihil contemptare, Omnia intelligere: Franco‐Vietnamese intelligence in Indochina, 1950–1954",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432468,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W8YI6ZXP,1998-03-01,Alexander Zervoudakis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:10:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BHVIFBRH']",10.1080/02684529808432468,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2105120148,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2105120148,,,1998.0,, 4745,"The politicization of intelligence: The British experience in Greece, 1941–1944",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432467,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MVL4KQ6W,1998-03-01,Christina Goulter‐Zervoudakis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:09:44Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529808432467,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061084180,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061084180,2020.0,2025.0,1998.0,,22.0 4746,"American intelligence and the British Raj: The OSS, the SSU and India, 1942–1947",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432466,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T2S4LUWK,1998-03-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:09:31Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529808432466,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997101054,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997101054,2018.0,2024.0,1998.0,,20.0 4747,The interplay of information and mind in decision‐making: Signals intelligence and Franklin D. Roosevelt's policy‐shift on Indochina,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432465,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W5QNCBY5,1998-03-01,Kathryn E. Brown,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:09:10Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529808432465,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996416540,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996416540,2018.0,2018.0,1998.0,,20.0 4748,"From little brother to senior partner: Fascist Italian perceptions of the Nazis and of Hitler's regime, 1930–1936",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432464,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RRK5RAMA,1998-03-01,Brian R. Sullivan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:08:50Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529808432464,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975048394,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975048394,,,1998.0,, 4749,"The entente cordiale and the next war: Anglo‐French views on future military cooperation, 1928–1939",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432463,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N783ULDD,1998-03-01,"Martin S. Alexander, William J. Philpott",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:08:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/02684529808432463,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2122824743,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2122824743,2012.0,2023.0,1998.0,,14.0 4750,‘Perfidious Albion?’ French perceptions of Britain as an ally after the first world war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432462,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DBNKYBB2,1998-03-01,J. F. V. Keiger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:07:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/02684529808432462,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988363410,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988363410,2012.0,2021.0,1998.0,,14.0 4751,"Introduction: Knowing your friends, assessing your allies ‐ perspectives on intra‐alliance intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432460,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7MA8IEDJ,1998-03-01,Martin S. Alexander,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:07:18Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/02684529808432460,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2120386265,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2120386265,2012.0,2021.0,1998.0,,14.0 4752,"Under cover of boredom: Recent publications on the ‘Stasi’, the East German ministry for state security",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432454,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8SGBUKXY,1997-10-01,M. E. Sarotte,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:04:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529708432454,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991046877,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991046877,,,1997.0,, 4753,Intelligence and the assassination of John F. Kennedy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432453,"G. Robert Blakey and Richard Billings, Fatal Hour. The Assassination of President Kennedy by Organized Crime (New York: Berkeley Books, 1992). Pp.432, biblio., index. \6.50. Norman Mailer, Oswald's Tale. An American Mystery (New York: Random House, 1995). Pp.791, \30. ISBN 0–679–42535–7. John Newman, Oswald and the CIA (New York: Carroll and Graf, 1995). Pp.516, index. $28. ISBN 0–7867–0131–5. Ray and Mary La Fontaine, Oswald Talked. The New Evidence in the JFK Assassination (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Books, 1996). Pp.398, biblio., index. NP. ISBN 1–56557–029–80. James P. Hosty Jr, with Thomas Hosty, Assignment: Oswald (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1996), biblio., index. NP. ISBN 5–597–311–3.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9EP3PAVL,1997-10-01,David Kaiser,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:04:04Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432453,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093299778,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093299778,2024.0,2024.0,1997.0,,27.0 4754,The dynamics of surprise: The defender's perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432451,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KVWXFQHI,1997-10-01,Abraham Ben‐Zvi,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:03:28Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/02684529708432451,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023620662,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023620662,,,1997.0,, 4755,No cloak and dagger required: Intelligence support to UN peacekeeping,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432450,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VLL3QDRT,1997-10-01,Paul Johnston,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:03:13Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529708432450,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985056518,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985056518,2017.0,2023.0,1997.0,,20.0 4756,"The ‘Bear’ in the Pacific? US intelligence perceptions of Soviet strategic power projection in the Pacific Basin and East Asia, 1945–1947",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432449,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PBDSSTFT,1997-10-01,Hal M. Friedman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:02:58Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432449,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008508208,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008508208,2013.0,2013.0,1997.0,,16.0 4757,Pyotr Semyonovich Popov: The tribulations of faith,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432448,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LYTQPIFI,1997-10-01,John L. Hart,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:02:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432448,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978205762,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4758,"Intelligence assessments of Soviet atomic capability, 1945–1949: Myths, Monopolies and Maskirovka",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432446,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QEM69NY4,1997-10-01,Charles A. Ziegler,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:02:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432446,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091405751,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091405751,2013.0,2024.0,1997.0,,16.0 4759,Intelligence scholarship as all‐source analysis: The case of Tom Bower's the perfect English Spy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432441,"Tom Bower, The Perfect English Spy: Sir Dick White and the Secret War 1935–90 (London: Heinemann, 1995). Pp.385, 24 photos, biblio., index. £16.99. ISBN 0–434–0080–9",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A3ASZL6J,1997-07-01,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:01:34Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684529708432441,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048780067,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4760,Beyond the new look: Policy and operations in the Eisenhower administration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432440,"Saki Dockrill, Eisenhower's New‐Look National Security Policy, 1953–61 (London: Macmillan, 1996). Pp. xvi + 400, biblio, index. NP. ISBN 0–333–65655–5. Erika Alin, The United States and the 1958 Lebanon Crisis (Lanham MD: University Press of America, 1994). Pp.160, biblio, index. NP. ISBN 0–8191–9332–1. Audrey R. and George McT. Kahin. Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia (New York: Norton, 1995). Pp.318, index. £17.95. ISBN 1–56584–244–8.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VAP9UBPE,1997-07-01,W. Scott Lucas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:01:05Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529708432440,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080396218,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4761,In the shadow of Venona,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432439,"John F. Neville, The Press, the Rosenbergs, and the Cold War (Westport, CT and London: Praeger, 1995). Pp.207, biblio, index. ISBN 0–275–94995–8. John E. Haynes, Red Scare or Red Menace (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1996). Pp.214, biblio, index. $24.95. ISBN 1–56663–090–8.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y6PUJB37,1997-07-01,Charles G. Cogan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:00:51Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432439,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979599981,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4762,When a purple machine went missing: How Japan nearly discovered America's greatest secret,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432438,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EXGVRYHC,1997-07-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:00:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529708432438,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2111887029,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2111887029,2016.0,2021.0,1997.0,,19.0 4763,MI5 on OSTRO: A new document from the Archives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432437,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BLE7W9FF,1997-07-01,C. G. McKay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T11:00:03Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684529708432437,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2156654482,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4764,"The perfect cover: British intelligence, the Soviet Fleet and distant water trawler operations, 1963–1974",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432436,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SVPGCQGB,1997-07-01,"Mason Redfearn, Richard J. Aldrich",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:59:49Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432436,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2143839716,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2143839716,2015.0,2018.0,1997.0,,18.0 4765,"The strategy of rescue and relief: The use of OSS intelligence by the war refugee board in Sweden, 1944–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432435,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HCUZE3CL,1997-07-01,Meredith Hindley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:59:31Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529708432435,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2105727424,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2105727424,2014.0,2016.0,1997.0,,17.0 4766,"The OSS and its cooperation with the free Germany committees, 1944–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432434,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RGQN46AX,1997-07-01,Heike Bungert,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:59:18Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529708432434,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993082671,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4767,SOE's Man in Moscow,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432432,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9VUFEBNR,1997-07-01,Martin Kitchen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:58:45Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529708432432,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060132225,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4768,"‘This probably over‐valued military power’: British intelligence and Whitehall's perception of Japan, 1939–41",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432431,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T6R2DMJ5,1997-07-01,Antony Best,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:58:31Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529708432431,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042638734,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4769,OSS and the Venona decrypts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432429,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4LL6U3U,1997-07-01,Hayden B. Peake,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:58:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529708432429,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032015843,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032015843,,,1997.0,, 4770,Venona and beyond: Thoughts on work undone,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432428,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/86F6WJNK,1997-07-01,"Michael Warner, Robert Louis Benson",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:57:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432428,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2009732992,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009732992,2022.0,2022.0,1997.0,,25.0 4771,"Threat assessment in military intelligence: The case of Israel and Syria, 1985–86",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432025,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YB4DUTWI,1989-10-01,Raymond Cohen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-15T20:39:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684528908432025,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016927826,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016927826,2012.0,2012.0,1989.0,,23.0 4772,"The CIA and the soviet threat: The politicization of estimates, 1966-1977",Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529708432402,"Focuses on the period from November 1966, when the Johnson administration proposed arms control negotiations to the Soviet Union, to January 1977, by which time the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks had become a source of immense controversy within the USA. Up to the start of the Nixon administration, the civilian leadership of the Department of Defense had found CIA estimates of Soviet strategic capabilities congenial, because they contradicted the inherent tendency of military intelligence to exaggerate them. Since then, the civilian leadership in the Pentagon has taken the view that the CIA was too biased in the other direction. The declassification of the relevant estimates allows for a new evaluation of the CIA's performance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J7ZFNXRM,1997,Lawrence Freedman,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'CZJ36V8L', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529708432402,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1984522147,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984522147,2019.0,2019.0,1997.0,,22.0 4773,Philosophy and methodology of intelligence: The logic of estimate process,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684528908432023,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ECFVNNTQ,1989,Isaac Ben-Israel,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-18T21:10:24Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684528908432023,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2009944938,32.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009944938,2013.0,2025.0,1989.0,,24.0 4774,Watching the allies: British intelligence and the French mutinies of 1917,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432118,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CV2BRIBB,1991-07-01,David French,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:58:53Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684529108432118,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971474880,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971474880,2021.0,2021.0,1991.0,,30.0 4775,Intelligence and terrorism: Emerging threats and new security challenges in the post‐cold war era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432353,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5RDWT8ED,1996-04-01,Bruce Hoffman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-17T19:34:34Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684529608432353,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2139421639,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2139421639,2012.0,2024.0,1996.0,,16.0 4776,‘Powerful intelligence’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432423,"Michael Herman, Intelligence Power in Peace and War (Cambridge University Press for RIIA 1996). Pp.414, 19 figures, further reading, index. £16.95 (paper). ISBN 0–521–56636–3.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RJEVMPGU,1997-04-01,Lawrence Freeman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:04:32Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529708432423,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4246779757,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4246779757,2018.0,2023.0,1997.0,,21.0 4777,Fond 89 of the archives of the Soviet communist party and Soviet state,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432422,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7XL7AR34,1997-04-01,Paul Maddrell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:04:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432422,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071524312,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4778,Escaping Suez: New interpretations of Western policy in the Middle East 1936–1961,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432421,"Tony Shaw, Eden, Suez and the Mass Media (London: I.B. Tauris 1996). Pp.xi + 268, biblio., index. £39.50. ISBN 1–85043–955–9. Hoda Gamal Abdel Nasser, Britain and the Egyptian Nationalist Movement, 1936–1952 (Reading, UK: Ithaca Press 1994). Pp.xxv + 350, biblio., index. £30. ISBN 0–86372‐ 177‐X. Andrew Rathmell, Secret War in the Middle East: The Covert Struggle for Syria, 1949–1961 (London: I.B. Tauris 1995). Pp.246, biblio., index. £39.50. ISBN 1–85043–992–3.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A74TCSI7,1997-04-01,W. Scott Lucas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:01:42Z,"['6XBG92FJ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529708432421,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979663246,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979663246,2014.0,2014.0,1997.0,,17.0 4779,"Palestine, Israel and Egypt: New scholarship on the Middle Eastern conflicts",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432420,"A. Ilan, The Origins of the Arab‐Israeli Arms Race (London: Macmillan 1996). Pp.287. ISBN £36. 0–333–63240–0. Efraim Inbar and Shmuel Sandier (eds.), Middle Eastern Security: Prospects for an Arms Control Regime, a BESA study in Mideast Security (London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass 1995). Pp.199. £25/\19.50 (cloth); £16/\19.50 (paper). ISBN 0–7146–4644‐X and 4168–5. Saul Zadka, Blood in Zion. How the Jewish Guerillas drove the British out of Palestine (London: Brassey's 1995). Pp.227, biblio., index. £19.95. ISBN 1–85753–136–1. Joseph Heller, The Stern Gang. Ideology, Politics and Terror 1940–1949 (London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass 1995). Pp.358. £37.50/\47.50 (cloth); £18/\25 (paper). ISBN 0–7146–4106–5. W. Scott Lucas, Britain and Suez. The Lion's Last Roar (Manchester: Manchester University Press 1996). Pp.139, biblio., index. £35. ISBN 0–7190–4579–7. Ram Ginat, The Soviet Union and Egypt 1945–1955 (London: Frank Cass 1993). Pp.269. £35/$45. ISBN 0–7146–3486–7.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7HTHC2Z,1997-04-01,Manuela Maglio,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:01:28Z,['DHLN8GE4'],10.1080/02684529708432420,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971506395,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4780,Project communication: An oral history of the office of strategic services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432419,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VLYEUY5H,1997-04-01,Petra Marquardt‐Bigman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:01:11Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529708432419,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2172089718,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4781,Accessibility of secret service archives in the Netherlands,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432418,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/32ZEQLGV,1997-04-01,Bob De Graaff,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:00:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684529708432418,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2125450875,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4782,Legal access to security files: The Canadian experience,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432417,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J7Y799AF,1997-04-01,Ian Leigh,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:00:24Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684529708432417,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033085644,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033085644,2012.0,2012.0,1997.0,https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1550919,15.0 4783,Cold war spies: Why they spied and how they got caught,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432416,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XMV55DS6,1997-04-01,"Stan A. Taylor, Daniel Snow",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T10:00:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432416,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988694027,32.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988694027,2012.0,2025.0,1997.0,,15.0 4784,"Behemoth revisited: The research and analysis branch of the office of strategic services in the debate of us policies towards Germany, 1943–46",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432415,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A9JFG88Z,1997-04-01,Petra Marquardt‐Bigman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:59:52Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529708432415,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072678083,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072678083,2012.0,2014.0,1997.0,,15.0 4785,The eighth assignment 1943–1945,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432414,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EVRCN67Q,1997-04-01,H. O. Dovey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:59:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529708432414,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2983913446,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 4786,"The limits of ultra: The Schnorkel U‐boat offensive against North America, November 1944–January 1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432413,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3LDTD94Z,1997-04-01,Roger Sarty,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:59:17Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529708432413,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080726342,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080726342,,,1997.0,, 4787,‘A very clever capitalist class’. British communism and state surveillance 1939–45,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432411,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A98J5Z5K,1997-04-01,Richard C. Thurlow,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:48:32Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529708432411,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017466887,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017466887,2012.0,2025.0,1997.0,,15.0 4788,"The CIA'S own effort to understand and document its past: A brief history of the CIA history program, 1950–1995",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432406,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A954BUJ2,1997-01-01,Gerald Haines,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:47:58Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684529708432406,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059455712,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059455712,,,1997.0,, 4789,The CIA and the question of accountability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432405,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/64IN463G,1997-01-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:47:29Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684529708432405,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006698005,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006698005,2020.0,2022.0,1997.0,,23.0 4790,American economic intelligence: Past practice and future principles,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432404,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2FQEELX,1997-01-01,Philip Zelikow,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:47:00Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'DS3WDJUS', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529708432404,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042266652,38.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042266652,2014.0,2025.0,1997.0,,17.0 4791,National intelligence and the Iranian revolution,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432403,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UAK8QNTE,1997-01-01,Michael Donovan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:46:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529708432403,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975829538,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975829538,2012.0,2022.0,1997.0,,15.0 4792,The committee of correspondence: CIA funding of women's groups 1952–1967,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432401,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FXTDN44E,1997-01-01,Helen Laville,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:45:49Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529708432401,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1963492685,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1963492685,2016.0,2025.0,1997.0,,19.0 4793,The Wizards of Langley: The CIA'S directorate of science and technology,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432400,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MHM442ZR,1997-01-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:45:38Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684529708432400,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4251804281,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4251804281,2015.0,2023.0,1997.0,,18.0 4794,"Science, Scientists, and the CIA: Balancing international ideals, national needs, and professional opportunities",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432399,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7BWMLRTD,1997-01-01,"Ronald E. Doel, Allan A. Needell",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:43:29Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529708432399,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2049727880,46.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2049727880,2012.0,2025.0,1997.0,,15.0 4795,"Intelligence and the cold war behind the dikes: The relationship between the American and Dutch intelligence communities, 1946–1994",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432398,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K6YLHI56,1997-01-01,"Bob de Graaff, Cees Wiebes",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:42:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529708432398,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2155393417,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2155393417,2020.0,2020.0,1997.0,,23.0 4796,Why was the CIA established in 1947?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432397,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X6VXYWAD,1997-01-01,Rhodri Jeffreys‐Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:42:19Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684529708432397,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013071580,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013071580,2012.0,2025.0,1997.0,,15.0 4797,The American road to central intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432396,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2JWTJWKV,1997-01-01,Bradley F. Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:42:01Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684529708432396,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987443370,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987443370,2014.0,2019.0,1997.0,,17.0 4798,The springtime of French intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432391,"Dominique Prieur (avec Jean‐Marie Pontaut), Agent secrète (Paris: Fayard 1995). Pp.248. Ff110. ISBN 2–213–59277–2. Paul Paillote (entretiens avec Alain‐Gilles Minella), L'homme des services secrets (Paris: Julliard 1995). Pp.323. Ff129. ISBN 2–260–01341–4. Claude Silberzahn (avec Jean Guisnel), Au coeur du secret, 1.500 jours aux commandes de la DGSE. 1989–1993 (Paris: Fayard 1995). Pp.330. Ff120. ISBN 22–13–59311–6.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NZUBL28S,1996-10-01,Jean‐Marc Pennetier,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:41:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529608432391,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2206671995,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2206671995,,,1996.0,, 4799,Spying not only on strangers: Documenting Stasi involvement in cold war German‐German negotiations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432390,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P8VA6TUT,1996-10-01,M. E. Sarotte,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:41:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529608432390,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084694596,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084694596,,,1996.0,, 4800,An assessment of general Hoyt S. Vandenberg's accomplishments as director of central intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432389,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CU2H8I7E,1996-10-01,Charles R. Christensen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:40:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529608432389,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995133003,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995133003,,,1996.0,, 4801,"Ambivalent allies: OSS’ USSR division, the state department, and the bureaucracy of intelligence analysis, 1941–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432388,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HIJYIVXI,1996-10-01,Betty Abrahamsen Dessants,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:40:26Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529608432388,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2160931373,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160931373,2014.0,2014.0,1996.0,,18.0 4802,"The Massingham mission: SOE in French North Africa, 1941–1944",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432387,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RTHDQKXE,1996-10-01,Martin Thomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:40:07Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529608432387,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069617601,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069617601,2012.0,2018.0,1996.0,,16.0 4803,"The eighth assignment, 1941–1942",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432386,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/828KQAMM,1996-10-01,H. O. Dovey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:39:52Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529608432386,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001354662,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001354662,2014.0,2015.0,1996.0,,18.0 4804,Analysis for a new age,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432385,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2F2QAP47,1996-10-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:39:36Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684529608432385,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010716732,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010716732,2014.0,2025.0,1996.0,,18.0 4805,The future of US intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432384,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A7GS7EX5,1996-10-01,Allan E. Goodman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:39:12Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684529608432384,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074146793,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074146793,,,1996.0,, 4806,‘Our man in Riga’: Reflections on the sis career and writings of Leslie nicholson,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432383,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7JZ8ZRRU,1996-10-01,Wesley K. Wark,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:38:48Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529608432383,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077772752,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077772752,2012.0,2012.0,1996.0,,16.0 4807,More on Stalin's men: Some recent western studies of Soviet intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432378,"Stephen Koch, Double Lives: Stalin, Willi Münzenberg and the Seduction of the Intellectuals (London: HarperCollins 1994) Pp.419, 20 illus. biblio. index. £20. ISBN 0–00–255516–6. Jenny Rees, Looking for Mr Nobody: The Secret Life of Gorowny Rees (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1994) Pp.291, 30 illus. biblio. index. £18.99. ISBN 0–297–81430–3. V.E. Tarrant, The Red Orchestra: the Soviet Spy Network Inside Nazi Europe (London: Arms and Armour Press, 1995) Pp.224, biblio. index. £15.99. ISBN 1–85409–216–2. Anthony Cave Brown, Treason in the Blood: H. St John Philby, Kim Philby and the Spy Case of the Century (London: Hale 1995) Pp.678, 23 illus. biblio. index. £25. ISBN 0–7090–5582‐X.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X98T2DZ5,1996-07-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:26:00Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529608432378,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2156568353,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2156568353,,,1996.0,, 4808,KGB sources on the Cambridge network of Soviet agents: True or false?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432376,"John Costello and Oleg Tsarev, Deadly Illusions (New York/London: Gown/Century 1993) Pp.538, biblio, index. £18.99. ISBN 0–7126–5500‐X. Yuri Modin, With Jean‐Charles Deniau and Aguieszka Ziarek My Five Cambridge Friends (London: Headline 1994) Pp.282, index. £16.99. ISBN 0–7472–1280–5. Genrikh Borovik, The Philby Files (London: Little Brown and Company, 1994) Pp.382, index. £18.99. ISBN 0–316–91015–5. Pavel Sudoplatov, and Anatoli Sudoplatov with Jerrold L. and Leona P. Schecter, Special Tasks The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness ‐A Soviet Spymaster (London: Little Brown and Company 1994) Pp.509, index. £18.99 ISBN 0–316–91217–4.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9U5QE3SD,1996-07-01,Sheila Kerr,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:25:28Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684529608432376,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019754374,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019754374,2014.0,2015.0,1996.0,,18.0 4809,America and the world of intelligence liaison,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432375,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CRB2JKR8,1996-07-01,H. Bradford Westerfield,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:25:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529608432375,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065245011,32.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065245011,2012.0,2026.0,1996.0,,16.0 4810,"Overt and covert: The voice of Britain and black radio broadcasting in the Suez crisis, 1956",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432374,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X65TRYS4,1996-07-01,Gary D. Rawnsley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:24:24Z,['6XBG92FJ'],10.1080/02684529608432374,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058345200,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2058345200,2017.0,2022.0,1996.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Overt_and_covert_The_voice_of_Britain_and_black_radio_broadcasting_in_the_Suez_crisis_1956/24400852,21.0 4811,Naval enigma: An astonishing blunder,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432372,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YFKP4WW6,1996-07-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:23:32Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529608432372,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026355924,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026355924,2017.0,2021.0,1996.0,,21.0 4812,Historical Fluke: US intelligence at the crossroads,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432365,"Roy Godson, Ernest R. May, and Gary Schmitt, US Intelligence at the Crossroads: Agendas for Reform, (Washington and London: Brassey's, 1995). Pp.315, no index. \25.95 £20.95. ISBN 0–02–881122–4. Roy Godson, Dirty Tricks or Trump Cards: US Covert Action and Counter‐intelligence (Washington and London: Brassey's, 1995). Pp.337, biblio. index. \24.95 £21.95. ISBN 0–02–881036–8.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AVDESLXN,1996-04-01,Charles G. Cogan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:04:04Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529608432365,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038179514,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 4813,"Secret army, secret war, recent disclosures and the Vietnam War: The significance of American 34 alpha and DESOTO operations with regard to the Tonkin Gulf resolution",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432364,"Sedgwick Tourison, Secret Army, Secret War: Washington's Tragic Spy Operation in North Vietnam (Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1995). Pp.xxiii + 389, 17 illus, biblio. index. $29.95. ISBN 1–55750–818–6.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7WSLABGA,1996-04-01,Ronnie E. Ford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:03:50Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/02684529608432364,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019702006,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 4814,Founding father? Sir Colin Gubbins and the origins of SOE,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432363,"Peter Wilkinson and Joan Bright Astley, Gubbins and SOE, (London: Leo Cooper, 1993). Pp.272. £18.95. ISBN 0–85052–002–9.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/22W4FMTY,1996-04-01,Mark Seaman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:03:36Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529608432363,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997574415,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 4815,"Research note: Yanks to lunch ‐ an early glimpse of Anglo‐American signals intelligence co‐operation, March 1941",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432362,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7B4TC5WT,1996-04-01,Robin Denniston,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:03:16Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529608432362,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2115472235,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2115472235,,,1996.0,, 4816,A German agent at the Vatican: The Gerlach affair,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432361,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AAI77TLZ,1996-04-01,David Alvarez,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T09:00:19Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684529608432361,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980003827,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980003827,2015.0,2015.0,1996.0,,19.0 4817,"An expanded understanding of Eisenhower, American policy and overflights",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432360,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JUQ6VVDB,1996-04-01,Robert S. Hopkins III,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T08:59:59Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529608432360,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055250723,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055250723,,,1996.0,, 4818,The heritage front affair,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432358,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FBBQARFR,1996-04-01,Maurice Archdeacon,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T08:59:33Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529608432358,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074824947,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074824947,,,1996.0,, 4819,Intelligence and proliferation: Lessons from the Matrix Churchill affair,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432352,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D2FEDD8J,1996-04-01,Davina Miller,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T08:58:05Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684529608432352,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983319942,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 4820,SIGINT: an unofficial history with Clare Birgin and John Blaxland | The National Security Podcast,Podcast,https://shows.acast.com/the-national-security-podcast/episodes/sigint-an-unofficial-history,"Listen to SIGINT: an unofficial history with Clare Birgin and John Blaxland from The National Security Podcast. How have historical intelligence organisations evolved into the national security agencies we know today? Who were Australia’s early intelligence professionals? And how has this rich history contributed to the formation of key signals intelligence agreements such as Five Eyes?In this episode of the National Security Podcast, Clare Birgin and Professor John Blaxland join Dr Will Stoltz to discuss their recently released book, Revealing Secrets: An unofficial history of Australian Signals intelligence & the advent of cyber.Clare Birgin is a former Australian diplomat and former Visiting Fellow at The Australian National UniversityJohn Blaxland is a Professor of International Security and Intelligence Studies at the ANU Strategic and Defence Studies CentreDr Will Stoltz is Expert Associate at the ANU National Security College and Senior Manager at CyberCXShow notes: Revealing Secrets: An unofficial history of Australian Signals intelligence & the advent of cyberANU National Security College academic programs: find out more We’d love to hear from you! Send in your questions, comments, and suggestions to NatSecPod@anu.edu.au. You can tweet us @NSC_ANU and be sure to subscribe so you don’t miss out on future episodes. The National Security Podcast is available on Acast, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and wherever you get your podcasts. ",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AJNAR7TP,2023-06-08,"Claire Birgin, John Blaxland, Will Stoltz",,,2024-01-28T08:56:03Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4821,Australia’s intelligence leaders in conversation,Podcast,https://shows.acast.com/the-national-security-podcast/episodes/australias-intelligence-leaders-in-conversation,"Listen to Australia’s intelligence leaders in conversation from The National Security Podcast. Why are Australia’s intelligence agencies growing their public engagement? How are these agencies responding to an increasingly complex, challenging and dynamic strategic environment?And what are intelligence leaders doing to future-proof their organisations, workforces and capabilities?In this episode of the National Security Podcast, Director-General of National Intelligence, Andrew Shearer, and Director-General of Security, Mike Burgess, join Professor Rory Medcalf to discuss the state of Australian intelligence.Andrew Shearer is Director-General of National Intelligence and head of the Office of National Intelligence.Mike Burgess is Director-General of Security and head of the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation. Professor Rory Medcalf AM is Head of the ANU National Security College. His professional experience spans more than three decades across diplomacy, intelligence analysis, think tanks, journalism and academia.Show notes: Director-General's Annual Threat Assessment, Australian Security Intelligence Organisation, 2023 Careers in the National Intelligence Community ANU National Security College scholarships: find out more ANU National Security College academic programs: find out more We’d love to hear from you! Send in your questions, comments, and suggestions to NatSecPod@anu.edu.au. You can tweet us @NSC_ANU and be sure to subscribe so you don’t miss out on future episodes. The National Security Podcast is available on Acast, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and wherever you get your podcasts. ",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5GSGPG9B,2023-06-15,"Andrew Shearer, Mike Burgess, Rory Medcalf",,,2024-01-28T08:55:06Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4822,The rise of open-source intelligence in a hyperconnected world,Podcast,https://shows.acast.com/the-national-security-podcast/episodes/rise-of-osint,"Listen to The rise of open-source intelligence in a hyperconnected world from The National Security Podcast. What is the difference between open-source intelligence (OSINT) and publicly available information? How can the private sector help intelligence agencies maintain their edge in a world saturated with data? And how can AI contribute to the operations and effectiveness of these agencies? In this episode of the National Security Podcast, Barbara Stevens joins Ben Scott to discuss open-source intelligence and how intelligence agencies are navigating rapid technological advancements. Dr Barbara Stevens is a current member of the Board of Directors at Hexagon US Federal and a former CIA executive who has previously led numerous groups of data scientists and analysts. Ben Scott is a Senior Advisor at the ANU National Security College. He has over 25 years’ experience in diplomacy, think tanks, intelligence and international development. Show notes: ANU National Security College academic programs: find out more Office of the Director of National Intelligence report: find out more The IC Data Strategy 2023-2025: find out more CIA builds its own artificial intelligence tool in rivalry with China: find out more We’d love to hear from you! Send in your questions, comments, and suggestions to NatSecPod@anu.edu.au. You can tweet us @NSC_ANU and be sure to subscribe so you don’t miss out on future episodes. The National Security Podcast is available on Acast, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and wherever you get your podcasts. ",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2NNFPKFF,2023-11-02,"Barbara Stevens, Ben Scott",,,2024-01-28T08:48:07Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4823,How the role of OSINT will change in a landscape of data abundance,Podcast,https://shows.acast.com/the-national-security-podcast/episodes/osint-data-abundance,"Listen to How the role of OSINT will change in a landscape of data abundance from The National Security Podcast. What is open-source intelligence (OSINT)?How does big data influence our understanding of “good” intelligence? And does Australia need a dedicated OSINT agency in the National Intelligence Community? In this episode, Dr Miah Hammond-Errey and Ben Scott join Olivia Shen to discuss the increasing importance of open-source intelligence and big data in intelligence analysis, and the evolution required from intelligence agencies to keep up. Dr Miah Hammond-Errey is the Director of the Emerging Technology Program at the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. Ben Scott is a Senior Advisor at the ANU National Security College, and has over 25 years of experience in diplomacy, intelligence and think tanks, including stints at the Lowy Institute and the Office of National Intelligence.Olivia Shen is a Director at NSC on secondment from the Department of Home Affairs. Show notes: Securing our Future – national security conference, 9-10 April, 2024: secure your tickets ‘Adapting Australian intelligence to the information age,’ Big Data, Emerging Technologies and Intelligence: National Security Disrupted,Decoding good intelligence, Submission to the 2024 Independent Intelligence Review We’d love to hear from you! Send in your questions, comments, and suggestions to NatSecPod@anu.edu.au. You can tweet us @NSC_ANU and be sure to subscribe so you don’t miss out on future episodes. The National Security Podcast is available on Acast, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and wherever you get your podcasts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TZTBIJ4D,2024-01-25,"Miah Hammond-Errey, Ben Scott",,,2024-01-28T08:41:54Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4824,"Task force 157: The US Navy's secret intelligence service, 1966–77",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432346,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9KQKQRI7,1996-01-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T08:39:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529608432346,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086845771,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086845771,2014.0,2014.0,1996.0,,18.0 4825,Copeland and Za'im: Re‐evaluating the evidence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432345,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DUQBYANM,1996-01-01,Andrew Rathmell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T08:39:29Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529608432345,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2047608474,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 4826,"The birth of a police state: The Czechoslovak ministry of the interior, 1945–48",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432344,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6WVXQSWR,1996-01-01,Igor Lukes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T08:38:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529608432344,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1964086743,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1964086743,2013.0,2024.0,1996.0,,17.0 4827,Operation selection board: The growth and suppression of the Neo‐Nazi ‘deutsche revolution’ 1945–47,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432343,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VF9KPC4U,1996-01-01,Perry Biddiscombe,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T08:38:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529608432343,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2128336278,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2128336278,2019.0,2019.0,1996.0,,23.0 4828,"‘I believe the Hun is cheating’: British admiralty technical intelligence and the German Navy, 1936–39",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432342,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/22ZDN5GI,1996-01-01,Joseph A. Maiolo,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T08:38:22Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529608432342,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024075252,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024075252,2017.0,2017.0,1996.0,,21.0 4829,Daniel Defoe and early modern intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432340,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GXT7C5PX,1996-01-01,Paula R. Backscheider,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T08:37:47Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/02684529608432340,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075108617,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075108617,2016.0,2023.0,1996.0,,20.0 4830,The wealth of information and the poverty of comprehension: Israel's intelligence failure of 1973 revisited,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432335,"Yoel Ben‐Porat, Neila: Locked‐On (Hebrew, Tel Aviv: Edanim, 1991). Pp.175. ISBN 965–248–117–3. Arie Braun, Moshe Dayan and the Yom Kippur War (Hebrew, Tel Aviv: Edanim, 1992). Pp.371. ISBN 965–248–126–2. Eli Zeira, The October 73 War: Myth Against Reality (Hebrew, Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronot, 1993). Pp.288. ISBN 965–448–042–5. The Investigation Committee ‐ The Yom Kippur War, An Additional Partial Report: Reasoning and Completion to the Partial Report of April 1, 19747 volumes (Hebrew, Jerusalem: 1974) Vol.1. Pp.184.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VF6BFNFX,1995-10-01,Uri Bar‐Joseph,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:27:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684529508432335,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091509188,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091509188,2019.0,2022.0,1995.0,,24.0 4831,Private enterprise intelligence: Its potential contribution to national security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432334,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EL2D5L2T,1995-10-01,Robert David Steele,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:27:14Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'R2V36RN8']",10.1080/02684529508432334,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972694043,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972694043,2015.0,2025.0,1995.0,,20.0 4832,"Security, intelligence, the national interest and the global environment",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432332,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FMRQI68J,1995-10-01,Simon Dalby,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:26:35Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529508432332,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2097401931,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2097401931,2021.0,2026.0,1995.0,,26.0 4833,Intelligence analyst/manager relations at the CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432329,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GBPZ9ZJS,1995-10-01,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:26:08Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684529508432329,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2107184587,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2107184587,2012.0,2024.0,1995.0,,17.0 4834,Organizational politics and the development of Britain's intelligence producer/consumer interface,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432328,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MBANZFCH,1995-10-01,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:25:55Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684529508432328,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981889664,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981889664,2015.0,2022.0,1995.0,,20.0 4835,American presidents and their intelligence communities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432327,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/729QTHVC,1995-10-01,Christopher Andrew,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:25:38Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684529508432327,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056253053,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056253053,2017.0,2022.0,1995.0,,22.0 4836,National intelligence assessment: Australia's experience,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432326,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AST4M6BE,1995-10-01,A. D. McLennan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:25:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/02684529508432326,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2063586552,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063586552,2016.0,2024.0,1995.0,,21.0 4837,The German analysis and assessment system,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432325,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X3RDX5NB,1995-10-01,Harald Nielsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:24:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/02684529508432325,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037614364,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037614364,2020.0,2020.0,1995.0,,25.0 4838,The US government's experience with intelligence analysis: Pluses and minuses,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432324,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K4FX8HJT,1995-10-01,Harold P. Ford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:24:40Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684529508432324,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003663040,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003663040,,,1995.0,, 4839,Shifting paradigms and shifting gears: A perspective on why there is no post‐cold war intelligence agenda,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432322,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S2WLCHTX,1995-10-01,Allan E. Goodman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:24:06Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684529508432322,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2160617290,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160617290,,,1995.0,, 4840,The Treholt case: A review of the literature,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432318,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SJI3WGML,1995-07-01,Nils Petter Gleditsch,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:23:45Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/02684529508432318,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036900659,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036900659,2015.0,2015.0,1995.0,,20.0 4841,"The SIS network in Norway, 1940–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432319,"Bjørn Rørholt (with the co‐operation of Bjarne W. Thorsen), Usynlige soldater: Nordmenn i Secret Service forteller (Oslo: Aschehaug, 1990). Pp.500, NP. ISBN 82–03–16046–8.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DKXQGXI4,1995-07-01,C. G. McKay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:23:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529508432319,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082387505,0.0,False,,,,1995.0,, 4842,Intelligence and the decision to collect it: Churchill's wartime American diplomatic signals intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432312,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PGFYIFQP,1995-07-01,Kathryn Brown,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:22:05Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529508432312,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038658485,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2038658485,,,1995.0,, 4843,"Diplomatic eavesdropping, 1922–44: A new source discovered",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432311,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EEX8BI22,1995-07-01,Robin Denniston,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:21:40Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529508432311,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2014448179,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014448179,2021.0,2021.0,1995.0,,26.0 4844,Floradora and a Unique Break into One‐Time Pad ciphers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432310,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q8AMIRR6,1995-07-01,P. W. Filby,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:21:22Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529508432310,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2167239333,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2167239333,2019.0,2019.0,1995.0,,24.0 4845,CIA origins as viewed from within,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432304,"Arthur B. Darling, with Introductions by Bruce D. Berkowitz and Allan E. Goodman, The Central Intelligence Agency: An Instrument of Government, to 1950 (University Park, PA, and London: Penn State Press, 1990). Pp. 509. \60.00 (cloth), ISBN 0–271–00715‐X; \17.50 (paperback), ISBN 0–271–00717–6. Ludwell Lee Montague, with an Introduction by Bruce D. Berkowitz and Allan E. Goodman, General Walter Bedell Smith as Director of Central Intelligence, October 1950‐February 1953 (University Park, PA, and London: 1992). Pp. 308. \45.00 (cloth), ISBN 0–271–00750–8; \14.95 (paperback), ISBN 0–271–00751–6. Michael Warner (ed.), CIA Cold War Records: The CIA under Harry Truman (Washington, DC: History Staff, Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1994). Pp. 473. $28.50 (paperback). Available from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA, Tel: (703) 487–4650, order number PB94–928005.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BWQX33JL,1995-04-01,B. Nelson Macpherson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:20:39Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684529508432304,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2126256324,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2126256324,,,1995.0,, 4846,"‘Lacking intelligence’: Some reflections on recent approaches to British counter‐insurgency, 1900–1960",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432303,"David M. Anderson and David Killingray (eds), Policing and Decolonisation: Nationalism, Politics and the Police, 1917–65 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992). Pp.227. £35.00. ISBN 0–7190–3033–1. Michael J. Cohen and Martin Kolinsky (eds), Britain and the Middle East in the 1930s: Security Problems, 1935–39 (London: Macmillan, 1992). Pp.231. £40.00. ISBN 0–333–53514–6. Peter Heehs, The Bomb in Bengal: The Rise of Revolutionary Terrorism in India 1900–1910 (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994). Pp.324, £17.50. ISBN 0–19–563350–4. Peter Hopkirk, On Secret Service East of Constantinople (London: John Murray, 1994). Pp.431. £19.99. ISBN 9780719–55017–1. Thomas R. Mockaitis, British Counterinsurgency 1919–60 (London: Macmillan, 1990). Pp.210. £40.00. ISBN 0–333–51131‐X.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5RDYYTU,1995-04-01,Richard Popplewell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:20:18Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684529508432303,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2155811769,39.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2155811769,2012.0,2025.0,1995.0,,17.0 4847,The Bangkok solution: Peaceful resolution of hostage‐taking,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432301,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QNWKKTKX,1995-04-01,R. Reuben Miller,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:19:59Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529508432301,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038711364,0.0,False,,,,1995.0,, 4848,"France and the guarantee to Romania, April 1939",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432298,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JQX78T9N,1995-04-01,Peter Jackson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:19:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529508432298,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058386467,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2058386467,,,1995.0,, 4849,"Resistance potential and rollback: US intelligence and the Eisenhower administration's policies toward Eastern Europe, 1953–56",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432297,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6ITY9BGE,1995-04-01,Jim Marchio,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:18:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529508432297,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043911624,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043911624,2014.0,2021.0,1995.0,,19.0 4850,The future of the British intelligence memoir,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432292,"Desmond Bristow, with Bill Bristow, A Game of Moles: The Deceptions of an MI6 Officer (London: Little, Brown and Co., 1993). Pp.292. £18.99. ISBN 0–316–90335–3. Nicholas Elliott, Never Judge a Man by his Umbrella (Salisbury: Michael Russell, 1991). Pp.201. £14.95. ISBN 0–85955–182–2. Nicholas Elliott, With My Little Eye: Observations Along the Way (Norwich: Michael Russell, 1993). Pp.111. £12.95. ISBN 0–85955–200–4.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FE2L7ILX,1995-01-01,Andrew Defty,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:18:09Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/02684529508432292,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983806588,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983806588,,,1995.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_future_of_the_British_intelligence_memoir/24377011, 4851,A new look for intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432291,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FIYHBSCC,1995-01-01,David Gries,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:17:48Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684529508432291,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008295407,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008295407,,,1995.0,, 4852,Intelligence and the significance of Khe Sanh,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432290,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YUC36M59,1995-01-01,Ronnie E. Ford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:17:17Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/02684529508432290,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051976231,0.0,False,,,,1995.0,, 4853,"Plot and counter‐plot in revolutionary Russia: Chronicling the Bruce Lockhart conspiracy, 1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432289,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MAECKK8I,1995-01-01,John W. Long,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:17:00Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684529508432289,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2151024122,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2151024122,2016.0,2025.0,1995.0,,21.0 4854,"Sidney Reilly in America, 1914–1917",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432288,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FRR8G4G6,1995-01-01,Richard B. Spence,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:16:41Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684529508432288,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091009296,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091009296,,,1995.0,, 4855,"The uses of intelligence: The United Nations confronts the United States in the Lebanon crisis, 1958",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432287,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SWYV98KM,1995-01-01,Michael Graham Fry,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:16:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529508432287,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989275721,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989275721,,,1995.0,, 4856,"Clausewitz, intelligence, uncertainty and the art of command in military operations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432286,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VW4WYA4B,1995-01-01,"John Ferris, Michael I. Handel",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:16:08Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529508432286,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011822635,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011822635,2016.0,2021.0,1995.0,,21.0 4857,Japan and its impact on South‐east Asia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432280,"J.E. Dreifort, Myopic Grandeur: The Ambivalence of French Foreign Policy in the Far East, 1919–45 (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1992). Pp.xiv + 334. £31.50. ISBN 0–87338–441–5. R.J. Aldrich, The Key to the South: Britain, the United States, and Thailand during the Approach of the Pacific War, 1929–42 (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1993). Pp.xxiii + 416. £25.00. ISBN 0–19–588612–7. A. Gilchrist, Malaya, 1941: The Fall of a Fighting Empire (London: Robert Hale, 1992). Pp.185. Price unstated. ISBN 0–7090–4684–7. P. Elphick and M. Smith, Odd Man Out: The Story of the Singapore Traitor (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1993). Pp.xv + 265. £17.99. ISBN 0–340–58762–8. P. Bates, Japan and the British Commonwealth Occupation Force, 1946–52 (London: Brassey's, 1993). Pp.xviii + 270. £29.95. ISBN 1–85753–000–4.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RUSA8WBL,1994-10-01,Ian Nish,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:14:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529408432280,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2087931633,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2087931633,,,1994.0,, 4858,Economic espionage: Issues arising from increased government involvement with the private sector,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432279,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLHYT6QF,1994-10-01,Samuel D. Porteous,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:13:26Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529408432279,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1990463795,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1990463795,2014.0,2020.0,1994.0,,20.0 4859,A deafening silence: US policy and the Sigint facility at lourdes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432278,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RB3XR5XN,1994-10-01,William Rosenau,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:12:17Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529408432278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079653224,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079653224,2019.0,2019.0,1994.0,,25.0 4860,Stalin's hand in Rotterdam: The murder of the Ukrainian nationalist Yevhen Konovalets in May 1938,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432276,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/338YZZ97,1994-10-01,"Marc Jansen, Ben de Jong",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:11:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684529408432276,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2155348685,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2155348685,,,1994.0,, 4861,Agents without Empire: Mobility and race-making in sixteenth-century France,Book,https://www.fordhampress.com/9781531506674/agents-without-empire,"It is well known that Renaissance culture gave an empowering role to the individual and thereby to agency. But how does race factor into this culture of empowerment? Canonical French authors like Rabelais and Montaigne have been celebrated for their flexible worldviews and interest in the difference of non-French cultures both inside and outside of Europe. As a result, this period in French cultural history has come to be valued as an exceptional era of cultural opening toward others. Agents without Empire shows that such a celebration is, at the very least, problematic. Szabari argues that before the rise of the French colonial empire, medieval categories of race based on the redemption story were recast through accounts of the Ottoman Empire that were made accessible, in a sudden and unprecedented manner, to agents of the French crown. Spying performed by Frenchmen in the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century permeated French culture in large part because those who spied also worked as knowledge producers, propagandists, and artists. The practice changed what it meant to be cultured and elite by creating new avenues of race- and gender-specific consumption for French and European men that affected all areas of sophisticated culture including literature, politics, prints, dressing, personal hygiene, and leisure. Agents without Empire explores race making in this period of European history in the context of diplomatic reposts, travel accounts, natural history, propaganda, religious literature, poetry, theater, fiction, and cheap print. It intervenes in conversations in whiteness studies, race theory, theories of agency and matter, and the history of diplomacy and spying to offer a new account of race making in early modern Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KGNQFLRW,2024-03-05,Antónia Szabari,Fordham University Press,,2024-01-28T00:09:22Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4862,Methodology for Calculating Irretrievable Losses of Domestic Special Services during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331623080087,"General issues and problems of assessing the number of losses among associates of domestic state security agencies are discussed. Errors contained in published materials have been identified, the causes of discrepancies in calculating the number of losses in state security agencies have been found and explained, proposals have been formulated to specify the losses and establish the fate of state security associates who were captured or missing, and potential directions to search for relevant information have been established.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XSLF9GBA,2023-12-01,V. S. Khristoforov,,Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences,2024-01-28T00:08:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1134/S1019331623080087,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391182699,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 4863,"Surveillance or collusion? Maxwell Knight, MI5 and the British Fascisti",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432275,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IRHFI5U5,1994-10-01,John G. Hope,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:08:39Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684529408432275,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013691655,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013691655,2019.0,2021.0,1994.0,,25.0 4864,Intelligence and crisis management: The importance of the pre‐crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432274,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NMSFXID8,1994-10-01,Charles G. Cogan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-28T00:07:57Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684529408432274,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2159991241,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2159991241,2023.0,2023.0,1994.0,,29.0 4865,Lessons from Israel’s Forever Wars,Report,https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/files/publication/Lessons%20from%20Israels%20Forever%20Wars%20-%20Allison%20and%20Piliero.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9Y48IK74,2024-01-01,"Graham Allison, Raphael J. Piliero",,,2024-01-27T22:03:54Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4866,"The British and American Intelligence Divisions in Occupied Germany, 1945–1955: A Secret System of Rule",Book,https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-50200-2,"This book provides the first history of the British and American Intelligence Divisions (IDs) in occupied Germany and the liaison between them. It reveals that after the fall of Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich, much of Germany was controlled by an Anglo-American secret system of rule which was the real backbone of the occupation and largely explains its successful outcomes. Based in Heidelberg, the American ID was the senior American military intelligence organisation in occupied Germany, responsible for the security of American forces in Europe. The British ID, based in Herford, was a purpose-built intelligence organisation designed to ensure the security of the British Zone of Germany and to help achieve the Allied occupation objectives. The IDs undertook military, scientific, security, political, and state-building intelligence tasks which each form the focus of a chapter in this book.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DVUQLT6Z,2024-01-25,Luke Daly-Groves,Springer Nature Switzerland,,2024-01-27T22:00:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1007/978-3-031-50200-2,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391185490,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm:978-3-031-50200-2/1?pdf=chapter%20toc, 4867,"""Intelligence"" Work in Translation: Cold War U.S.-South Korean State Documentary and Speculative Reconstruction",Thesis,https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5cm158c9,"This dissertation examines how joint U.S.-South Korean state documentary projects shaped the South Korean national imaginary throughout the first two decades of the U.S.-backed authoritarian rule in South Korea, and also how such collaborations shaped U.S. perceptions about South Korea. By focusing on the diplomatic use of films by U.S. and South Korean government agencies from the division of Korea in 1945 to the eve of Park Chung Hee’s military dictatorship in 1961, it considers how Cold War state-sponsored film operations performed “intelligence” in multivalent ways. On the one hand, the films and film training program I examine served an intelligence function with regard to U.S. geostrategic aims in East Asia, shaping not just knowledge about South Korea to U.S. audiences, but also South Korea’s sense of itself. On the other hand, they enacted what documentary theorist Jonathan Kahana has called “intelligence work” by simultaneously reenacting and rendering visible stories of everyday experience in South Korea through film as a way of communicating abstract knowledge about Korean people, which in turn acted as a force that shaped their everyday experience. Attending to the essential work of interlingual and intercultural translation in the bilateral delivery of such “intelligence,” I explore the aesthetic strategies and geopolitical discourse informing the statist mode of filmmaking that was fueled by and endorsed U.S. involvement in South Korean development. By examining how documentary films became a joint state-sponsored enterprise, my research revises the historiography of South Korean documentary film and media to account for its transnational and highly ideological Cold War formation.In terms of research methodology, this dissertation joins a growing body of film scholarship that draws on the generative potential of archival absence. It offers the groundwork for a model of practice-led research that responds to the problem of absent or missing documentation and specifically to the curious ephemeralization of Cold War propaganda. It does so by speculatively reconstructing the nonextant subjects the extent of making out the contours of their contents, so as to facilitate a different angle of analysis on their operative function as cultural products of Cold War geostrategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YVR6V3GX,2023,Hahkyung Darline Kim,,,2024-01-27T21:58:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,UC Santa Cruz,,,,,,,,, 4868,Manual Indices and digital pathways: Developments in United States intelligence bibliography,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432268,"Neal H. Petersen (comp. and ed.), American Intelligence, 1775–1990: A Bibliographical Guide, The New War/Peace Bibliography Series, 2 (Claremont, CA: Regina Books, 1992). Pp.xvi + 406. \49.95. The Electronic Database of the Russell J. Bowen Collection of Works on Intelligence, Security and Covert Activities, National Intelligence Book Center, Lock Mail Unit 18757, Washington DC 20036–8757. 1992. \400. CIABASE, PO Box 5022, Herndon, VA 22070. Cumulative. 1992. \99.00. NameBase, Public Information Research, Box 5199, Arlington, VA 22205. Cumulative. 1992. \79.00.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7ZSYP3BN,1994-07-01,Rhodri Jeffreys‐Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T21:04:33Z,"['CN9F5URY', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/02684529408432268,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075084862,0.0,False,,,,1994.0,, 4869,"Intelligence, Anglo‐American relations and the Suez Crisis, 1956",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432267,"Daniel F. Calhoun, Hungary and Suez, 1956: An Exploration of Who Makes History (Lanham MD: University Press of America, 1991). Pp.590. $46.50. Peter L. Hahn, The United States, Great Britain and Egypt, 1945–1956 (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991). Pp.359. £25.00. Diane B. Kunz, The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1991). Pp.295. £19.00. Keith Kyle, Suez (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1992). Pp.656. £14.99. W. Scott Lucas, Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1991). Pp.399. £25.00.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WRD9IKKS,1994-07-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T21:04:13Z,['6XBG92FJ'],10.1080/02684529408432267,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001609073,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001609073,2017.0,2018.0,1994.0,,23.0 4870,"Redefining intelligence and intelligence‐gathering: The industrial intelligence centre and the metro‐Vickers affair, Moscow 1933",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432264,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YEF8IYWR,1994-07-01,Gordon W. Morrell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T21:03:37Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529408432264,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059909750,0.0,False,,,,1994.0,, 4871,"The evolution of the Canadian intelligence establishment, 1945–1950",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432261,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5W6KUU8Q,1994-07-01,Scott Anderson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T21:01:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529408432261,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056322762,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056322762,2023.0,2023.0,1994.0,,29.0 4872,"‘The difference between white and black’: Churchill, imperial politics, and intelligence before the 1941 crusader offensive",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432260,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/INMZJQAN,1994-07-01,Sebastian Cox,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T21:00:11Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529408432260,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008223970,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008223970,2014.0,2014.0,1994.0,,20.0 4873,Conspiracy or cock‐up? Pearl Harbor revisited,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432254,"Henry C. Clausen and Bruce Lee, Pearl Harbor: Final Judgment (New York: Crown Books, 1992). Pp.485. $25.00.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHNVRMUV,1994-04-01,David Kaiser,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:59:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529408432254,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026868493,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026868493,2016.0,2021.0,1994.0,,22.0 4874,Five of six at war: Section V of MI6,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432253,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AKYAXZ7X,1994-04-01,Robert Cecil,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:59:11Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684529408432253,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011541422,44.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011541422,,,1994.0,, 4875,"The OSS in Romania, 1944–45: An intelligence operation of the early Cold War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432252,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V9T394XD,1994-04-01,Eduard Mark,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:58:46Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529408432252,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011905244,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011905244,2015.0,2020.0,1994.0,,21.0 4876,Intelligence without the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432251,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YR7MS2U4,1994-04-01,"Allan E. Goodman, Bruce D. Berkowitz",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:58:30Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684529408432251,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997298662,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997298662,2019.0,2019.0,1994.0,,25.0 4877,Legislation‐based national security services: Australia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432250,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VBYXEFTX,1994-04-01,Harvey Barnett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:58:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529408432250,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965128212,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965128212,2016.0,2016.0,1994.0,,22.0 4878,Tet revisited: The strategy of the communist Vietnamese,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432249,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EUXPUB7T,1994-04-01,Ronnie E. Ford,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:57:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BHVIFBRH']",10.1080/02684529408432249,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072916621,0.0,False,,,,1994.0,, 4879,The precision revolution: The Navstar global positioning system in the second Gulf War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432248,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3GCAK9CQ,1994-04-01,"Michael Russell Rip, David P. Lusch",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:57:25Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/02684529408432248,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050505218,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050505218,2015.0,2026.0,1994.0,,21.0 4880,Our man in Reval,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432241,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/22974S9N,1994-01-01,C.G. Mckay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:57:05Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529408432241,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2138569214,0.0,False,,,,1994.0,, 4881,The intelligence war in Turkey,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432240,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WNWEN2HH,1994-01-01,H.O. Dovey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:55:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529408432240,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041503969,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041503969,2014.0,2026.0,1994.0,,20.0 4882,"The Securitate and the police state in Romania, 1964–89",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432238,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/59TK4FWX,1994-01-01,Dennis Deletant,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:47:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529408432238,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2985677797,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2985677797,2020.0,2025.0,1994.0,,26.0 4883,The fall and rise of France's spymasters,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432237,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6L4JRS83,1994-01-01,Percy Kemp,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:44:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529408432237,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080132837,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080132837,,,1994.0,, 4884,"A sidelight on Bletchley, 1942",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432236,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRE656ZU,1994-01-01,R.V. Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:44:29Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529408432236,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020683823,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020683823,2022.0,2022.0,1994.0,,28.0 4885,"Getting Marlowe to hold his tongue: The conservative party, the intelligence services and the Zinoviev letter",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432229,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N4YBE2RN,1993-10-01,"John Ferris, Uri Bar‐Joseph",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:28:19Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529308432229,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979891211,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979891211,2016.0,2024.0,1993.0,,23.0 4886,The Czechoslovak intelligence service and western reactions to the communist Coup d'Etat of February 1948,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432226,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2H8JYICJ,1993-10-01,Igor Lukes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:27:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529308432226,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2128530301,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2128530301,2015.0,2015.0,1993.0,,22.0 4887,Romanian and Soviet intelligence in the December revolution,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432224,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BTAUPQFR,1993-10-01,James F. Burke,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:26:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529308432224,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053400994,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053400994,,,1993.0,, 4888,The securitate and the police state in Romania: 1948–64,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432223,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VKGGCVQ5,1993-10-01,Dennis Deletant,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:25:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529308432223,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061132666,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061132666,2014.0,2024.0,1993.0,,21.0 4889,Access to the inside: An assessment of ‘Canada's security service: A history’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432219,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N8694IM5,1993-07-01,Larry Hannant,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:24:27Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529308432219,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972190466,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972190466,2024.0,2024.0,1993.0,,31.0 4890,"The early years of state surveillance of labour and the left in Canada: The institutional framework of the Royal canadian mounted police security and intelligence apparatus, 1918–26",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432218,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4382T9I4,1993-07-01,Gregory S. Kealey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:23:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684529308432218,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023908167,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023908167,2012.0,2023.0,1993.0,,19.0 4891,"Allied scientific co‐operation and Soviet espionage in Canada, 1941–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432217,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CWV76B4W,1993-07-01,Donald Avery,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:23:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529308432217,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053219216,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053219216,2021.0,2021.0,1993.0,,28.0 4892,KGB foreign intelligence from Brezhnev to the coup,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432214,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/69JDSSSQ,1993-07-01,Christopher Andrew,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:21:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529308432214,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970422382,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970422382,2013.0,2022.0,1993.0,,20.0 4893,"Anti‐diplomacy, intelligence theory and surveillance practice",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432213,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RJXFCH9G,1993-07-01,James Der Derian,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:20:37Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684529308432213,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026285433,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026285433,2012.0,2025.0,1993.0,,19.0 4894,Epistemic communities: Intelligence studies and international relations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432212,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YPL3TCZA,1993-07-01,"Michael G. Fry, Miles Hochstein",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:19:55Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684529308432212,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2124621930,32.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2124621930,2012.0,2025.0,1993.0,,19.0 4895,"The rise and fall of American naval intelligence, 1882–1917",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432204,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A4Z5WHV4,1993-04-01,Mark Russell Shulman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:18:31Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/02684529308432204,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030799311,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030799311,2018.0,2025.0,1993.0,,25.0 4896,American intelligence and the Soviet ICBM build‐up: Another look,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432202,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/47JHF4VD,1993-04-01,Barry H. Steiner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:17:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529308432202,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978507234,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978507234,,,1993.0,, 4897,‘With friends like these ...’ the OSS and the British in Yugoslavia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432201,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D6B9KGFM,1993-04-01,Scott Anderson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:16:53Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529308432201,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039857258,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039857258,2013.0,2015.0,1993.0,,20.0 4898,US intelligence assessment in a changing world: The need for reform,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432200,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FRXCYP4L,1993-04-01,Jay T. Young,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:16:10Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684529308432200,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965998909,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965998909,,,1993.0,, 4899,Maunsell and Mure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432191,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V78CZ74I,1993-01-01,H.O. Dovey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:12:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529308432191,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979364965,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979364965,2017.0,2017.0,1993.0,,24.0 4900,‘Inside the US espionage den’: The US embassy and the fall of the Shah,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432190,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/57ZXYNNU,1993-01-01,Zachary Karabell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:11:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529308432190,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093681118,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093681118,,,1993.0,, 4901,China's ministry of state security: Coming of age in the international arena,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432189,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VMGA53QD,1993-01-01,Nicholas Eftimiades,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:10:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529308432189,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1527054410,0.0,False,,,,1993.0,, 4902,The use and abuse of intelligence services in India,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432188,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TH3MEWE5,1993-01-01,Bruce Vaughn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:08:49Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529308432188,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2130425528,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2130425528,2014.0,2024.0,1993.0,,21.0 4903,Villains of the peace: Terrorism and the secret services in Italy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432181,"Raimondo Catanzaro (ed.), The Red Brigades and Left‐Wing Terrorism in Italy (London: Pinter, 1991). Pp.216. £35.00 (hardback). Philip Willan, Puppet Masters. The Political Use of Terrorism in Italy (London: Constable, 1991). Pp.375. £19.95 (hardback).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/443DQ8VC,1992-10-01,Martin Bull,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:05:57Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529208432181,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981694681,13.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981694681,2016.0,2024.0,1992.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/19346/,24.0 4904,The rise of the Dutch resistance: A memoir,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432180,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2NXMAGHA,1992-10-01,J.F.Ph. Hers,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:05:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529208432180,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041947320,0.0,False,,,,1992.0,, 4905,"Vatican communications security, 1914–18",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432179,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MESRWMEZ,1992-10-01,David Alvarez,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T20:01:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684529208432179,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3130919075,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3130919075,2014.0,2015.0,1992.0,,22.0 4906,"Storming fortress Albania: American covert operations in microcosm, 1949–54",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432178,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EPXDVY6Q,1992-10-01,Michael W. Dravis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:59:12Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529208432178,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044468132,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044468132,2013.0,2024.0,1992.0,,21.0 4907,"‘Hardly Hollywood's ideal’: Female autobiographies of secret service work, 1914–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432177,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7S93H8YF,1992-10-01,Deborah van Seters,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:56:42Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684529208432177,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994674463,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994674463,2014.0,2025.0,1992.0,,22.0 4908,"Conspiracy or confusion? Churchill, Roosevelt and Pearl Harbor",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432172,"J. Rusbridger and E. Nave, Betrayal at Pearl Harbour: How Churchill Lured Roosevelt Into War (London: Michael O'Mara, New York: Summit Books, 1991). Pp.303. £15.99; $19.95.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L3W96FAZ,1992-07-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:53:43Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529208432172,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2102831398,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2102831398,2018.0,2025.0,1992.0,,26.0 4909,Andrew Thorne and the liberation of norway,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432169,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LPM98VNX,1992-07-01,Peter Thorne,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:53:18Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529208432169,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011599180,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011599180,2012.0,2020.0,1992.0,,20.0 4910,"Tricycle recycled: Collaboration among the secret intelligence services of the Axis states, 1940–41",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432168,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FL88QHKY,1992-07-01,John W.M. Chapman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:52:52Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529208432168,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065445413,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065445413,,,1992.0,, 4911,"The blarney stone and the Rhine: 23rd headquarters, special troops and the Rhine river crossing, March 1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432166,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GDNG7FUL,1992-07-01,Justin L.C. Eldridge,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:51:38Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529208432166,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071795679,0.0,False,,,,1992.0,, 4912,"The surveillance state: The origins of domestic intelligence and counter‐subversion in Canada, 1914–21",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432165,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/25EIHDHT,1992-07-01,Gregory S. Kealey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:50:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684529208432165,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2022183826,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022183826,2014.0,2024.0,1992.0,,22.0 4913,The politics of security intelligence policy‐making in Canada: II 1984–91,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432156,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V4BWIGEY,1992-04-01,Reg Whitaker,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:50:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529208432156,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4239484648,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4239484648,2016.0,2016.0,1992.0,,24.0 4914,"Virtue, expediency and the CIA's institutional trap",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432155,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5EVJRUNK,1992-04-01,Gil Merom,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:49:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529208432155,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077523591,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077523591,,,1992.0,, 4915,In search of a textbook: Recent overviews of United States intelligence history since the days of the founding fathers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432131,"Charles D. Ameringer, U.S. Foreign Intelligence: The Secret Side of American History (Lexington: D.C. Heath, 1990). Pp. xix + 458. US \24.95. Nathan Miller, Spying for America: The Hidden History of U.S. Intelligence (New York: Paragon House, 1989). Pp. xi + 482. US \24.95. Ernest Volkman and Blaine Baggett, Secret Intelligence: The Inside Story of America's Espionage Empire (London: W.H. Allen, 1989). Pp. xxi + 265. £16.99 (paperback).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RXVYXFJJ,1991-10-01,Rhodri Jeffreys‐Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:46:02Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/02684529108432131,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2313914173,0.0,False,,,,1991.0,, 4916,Searching for national intelligence: US intelligence and policy before the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432130,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XYN9264K,1991-10-01,Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:45:34Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529108432130,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094934104,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094934104,,,1991.0,, 4917,"Inter‐war security screening in Britain, the United States and Canada",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432129,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3P7KIBBD,1991-10-01,Larry Hannant,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:44:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684529108432129,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024744788,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024744788,,,1991.0,, 4918,The capture of the NILI spies: The Turkish version,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432128,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FBV998XC,1991-10-01,Eliezer Tauber,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:43:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684529108432128,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2153711183,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2153711183,2012.0,2026.0,1991.0,,21.0 4919,The stranded baron and the upstart; at the crossroads: Wolfgang zu putlitz and Otto John,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432127,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XPGJWP3P,1991-10-01,Bob de Graaff,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:42:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529108432127,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074501793,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074501793,,,1991.0,, 4920,The sender der deutschen Freiheitspartei: A first step in the British radio war against Nazi Germany?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432121,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CLTDUXTQ,1991-07-01,D. Cameron Watt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:40:38Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529108432121,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2160537803,0.0,False,,,,1991.0,, 4921,"The response of the strong to the weak: The American raid on Libya, 1986",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432120,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2YTYWZ5D,1991-07-01,Charles G. Cogan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:40:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529108432120,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2115762700,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2115762700,2025.0,2025.0,1991.0,,34.0 4922,Vatican intelligence capabilities in the second world war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432119,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S2YVZY3U,1991-07-01,David Alvarez,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:39:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529108432119,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2101665241,0.0,False,,,,1991.0,, 4923,"Citizens in arms: The home guard and the internal security of the United Kingdom, 1940–41",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432117,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HWF2LMIU,1991-07-01,S.P. Mackenzie,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:38:09Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529108432117,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2152719743,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2152719743,2025.0,2025.0,1991.0,,34.0 4924,Themes in the rhetoric of KGB chairmen from Andropov to Kryuchkov,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432116,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YVN7NIHM,1991-07-01,Richard Popplewell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:37:18Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529108432116,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016186396,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016186396,2014.0,2022.0,1991.0,,23.0 4925,Ralph Bennett and the study of ultra,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432112,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S38BADX2,1991-04-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:22:40Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529108432112,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973792578,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973792578,2020.0,2021.0,1991.0,,29.0 4926,The Bodden Line: A case‐study of wartime technology,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432110,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YANUT9VQ,1991-04-01,Thomas T. Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:22:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529108432110,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991342432,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991342432,,,1991.0,, 4927,"Security in Syria, 1941–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432109,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DZHGQNIF,1991-04-01,H.O. Dovey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:21:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529108432109,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983387592,45.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983387592,2012.0,2017.0,1991.0,,21.0 4928,"British military intelligence and the rise of German mechanized forces, 1929–40",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432108,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/33TIIY62,1991-04-01,J.P. Harris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:21:18Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529108432108,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2128334916,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2128334916,2019.0,2019.0,1991.0,,28.0 4929,"Intelligence estimates and US policy toward Laos, 1960–63",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432107,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/59N3HHJ6,1991-04-01,Peter S. Usowski,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:21:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529108432107,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2014560046,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014560046,2014.0,2014.0,1991.0,,23.0 4930,"‘A highly commendable action’: William J. Donovan's intelligence mission for Mussolini and Roosevelt, December 1935‐February 1936",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432106,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GBMY2VGA,1991-04-01,Brian R. Sullivan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T19:20:49Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529108432106,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020168390,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020168390,,,1991.0,, 4931,"Did the Deuxième Bureau work? The role of intelligence in french defence policy and strategy, 1919–39",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432105,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7CM5XG6V,1991-04-01,Martin S. Alexander,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T18:14:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684529108432105,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987759070,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987759070,2018.0,2018.0,1991.0,,27.0 4932,Intelligence writings in Australia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432100,"Andrew Moore, The Secret Army and the Premier, Conservative Paramilitary Organisations in NSW 1930–32 (Sydney: New South Wales University Press, 1989). Pp.312. \19.00 (paperback). Michael Cathcart, Defending the National Tuck Shop, Australia's Secret Army Intrigue of 1931 (Melbourne: Penguin, 1988). Pp.216. \14.99 (paperback). Robert Manne, The Petrov Affair, Politics and Espionage (Sydney: Pergamon, 1987). Pp.310. \43.00 (paperback). Mark Aarons, Sanctuary, Nazi Fugitives in Australia (Melbourne: William Heinemann, 1989). Pp.365. \24.00 Desmond Ball, Pine Gap, Australia and the US Geostationary Signals Intelligence Satellite Program (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1988). Pp.121. \15.00 (paperback). Desmond Ball, A Base for Debate, the US Satellite Station at Nurrungar (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1987). Pp.122. \15.00 (paperback). Desmond Ball, Australia's Secret Space Programs (Canberra: Australian National University, 1988). Pp.86. \15.00 (paperback). Peter Morton, Fire Across the Desert, Woomera and the Anglo‐Australian Joint Project 1946–1980 (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1989). Pp.561. \99.95.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TICGAZKL,1991-01-01,Frank Cain,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T18:13:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684529108432100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2157541747,0.0,False,,,,1991.0,, 4933,"Soviet intelligence, British security and the end of the Red Orchestra: The Fate of Alexander Rado",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432096,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RL2225FR,1991-01-01,Richard Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T18:13:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529108432096,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015244816,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015244816,2017.0,2018.0,1991.0,,26.0 4934,Xenophon Kalamatiano: An American spy in revolutionary Russia?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432095,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JW6UCZBX,1991-01-01,David S. Foglesong,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T18:12:42Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529108432095,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094185618,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094185618,2017.0,2017.0,1991.0,,26.0 4935,Squaring the circle: Dealing with intelligence‐policy breakdowns,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432094,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QYFPSL5J,1991-01-01,L. Keith Gardiner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T18:12:26Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/02684529108432094,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2047810033,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2047810033,2020.0,2020.0,1991.0,,29.0 4936,"British intelligence in the Palestine campaign, 1945–47",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432093,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3I2UJ2V9,1991-01-01,David A. Charters,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T18:11:56Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529108432093,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987510645,52.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987510645,2012.0,2019.0,1991.0,,21.0 4937,"Intelligence and low‐intensity conflict in the Philippine war, 1899–1902",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432092,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PL5TFUNR,1991-01-01,Brian McAllister Linn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T18:11:38Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/02684529108432092,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2160288756,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160288756,2013.0,2023.0,1991.0,,22.0 4938,A window on the Arab‐Israeli ‘Yom Kippur’ war of October 1973: Military photo‐reconnaissance from high altitude and space,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432091,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HTVR6YAN,1991-01-01,"Michael Russell Rip, Joseph F. Fontanella",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T18:11:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4', 'PBHFUE8W']",10.1080/02684529108432091,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2014582954,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014582954,,,1991.0,, 4939,Russian Military Mapping: A Guide to Using the Most Comprehensive Source of Global Geospatial Intelligence,Book,https://www.eastviewpress.com/resources/books/russian-military-mapping/,"A comprehensive overview of Russian military topographic maps and related publications. Russian Military Mapping is the English-language translation of the current edition of a basic manual used in the Russian armed forces to introduce Russian officers to topographic and other special maps. This book is a major contribution to the literature of understanding and interpreting Russian (or Soviet) topographic maps. This manual contains material systematized into the following major sections: general information on the Earth’s atmosphere, weather and climate, winds, and concepts of time; basic data on topographic and special maps; description of terrain types and their tactical properties, and procedures for maintaining the commander’s working maps. The appendices contain several types of reference data, sample topographic and special maps, tables of symbols used for topographic maps, and some conventional designations and abbreviation used in combat documents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T8DMKHF9,2005,A. A. Psarev,East View Press,,2024-01-14T16:56:46Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4940,Spy fiction and terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432085,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NL4TXV3L,1990-10-01,Philip Jenkins,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:22:37Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529008432085,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037518911,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037518911,2022.0,2022.0,1990.0,,32.0 4941,Ethics and spy fiction,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432084,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RIWN3HVN,1990-10-01,J.J. MacIntosh,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:22:21Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529008432084,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1967121701,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1967121701,2017.0,2020.0,1990.0,,27.0 4942,"Our man in Havana, their man in Madrid: Literary invention in espionage fact and fiction",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432082,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q7YUVWFP,1990-10-01,Denis Smyth,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:21:55Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529008432082,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071500006,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071500006,2021.0,2021.0,1990.0,,31.0 4943,Ireland in spy fiction,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432081,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P73L6QWE,1990-10-01,"Keith Jeffery, Eunan O'Halpin",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:21:36Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529008432081,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056638070,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056638070,2018.0,2022.0,1990.0,,28.0 4944,English spy thrillers in the age of appeasement,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432080,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J6DF3WHF,1990-10-01,Eric Homberger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:21:18Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529008432080,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2012948780,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012948780,2014.0,2017.0,1990.0,,24.0 4945,Decoding German spies: British spy fiction 1908–18,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432079,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DMXJBZ7S,1990-10-01,Nicholas Hiley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:21:05Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529008432079,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2000688646,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2000688646,2012.0,2021.0,1990.0,,22.0 4946,The politics of adventure in the early British spy novel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432078,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/63Z58XKG,1990-10-01,David Trotter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:20:47Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529008432078,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996888038,22.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996888038,2012.0,2025.0,1990.0,,22.0 4947,Secret negotiations: The Spy figure in Nineteenth‐century American popular fiction,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432077,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6DL265L7,1990-10-01,Christine Bold,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:20:32Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529008432077,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093994977,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093994977,2015.0,2025.0,1990.0,,25.0 4948,Review of the Canadian security intelligence service: A suitable model for the United Kingdom?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432070,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LBMNSLRR,1990-07-01,Joseph F. Ryan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:20:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684529008432070,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976174826,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976174826,,,1990.0,, 4949,The Changkufeng/Lake Khasan incident of 1938: British intelligence on Soviet and Japanese military performance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432069,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IGGFVHUX,1990-07-01,Paul W. Doerr,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:19:38Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529008432069,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999829609,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 4950,"Deception for St. Mihiel, 1918",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529008432067,"(1990). Deception for St. Mihiel, 1918. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 158-175.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QC6SVCYR,1990-7-1,Rod Paschall,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:19:14Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684529008432067,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2135285538,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 4951,Roger Hollis and the dangers of the Anglo‐Soviet treaty of 1942,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432066,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MSH9YAVP,1990-07-01,Sheila Kerr,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:18:46Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529008432066,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2126502920,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2126502920,2016.0,2016.0,1990.0,,26.0 4952,Congressional oversight of intelligence: Search for a framework,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432065,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZNI9FZFN,1990-07-01,William H. Jackson Jr.,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:18:14Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684529008432065,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090365415,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090365415,2014.0,2019.0,1990.0,,24.0 4953,"Politico‐Military deception at Sea in the Spanish civil war, 1936–39",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432064,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CS9WK8MP,1990-07-01,Willard C. Frank Jr.,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:17:48Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684529008432064,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016998621,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016998621,,,1990.0,, 4954,"Intelligence and counter‐insurgency in Kenya, 1952–56",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432063,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4TUZMJ9T,1990-07-01,Randall W. Heather,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:17:22Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684529008432063,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109909784,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2109909784,2012.0,2025.0,1990.0,,22.0 4955,"Unconcern at dawn, surprise at sunset: Egyptian intelligence appreciation before the Sinai campaign, 1956",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432062,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L5KSRD4Q,1990-07-01,Yigal Sheffy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:16:42Z,['6XBG92FJ'],10.1080/02684529008432062,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003001705,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003001705,2013.0,2018.0,1990.0,,23.0 4956,Intelligence and strategy: Some observations on the war in the Mediterranean 1941–45,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432058,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z64ZUUCQ,1990-04-01,Ralph Bennett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:16:15Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529008432058,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2150348512,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2150348512,2018.0,2018.0,1990.0,,28.0 4957,"A comparative analysis of RAF and Luftwaffe intelligence in the battle of Britain, 1940",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432057,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F42W5CL5,1990-04-01,Sebastian Cox,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:15:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'PBHFUE8W', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529008432057,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092183581,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092183581,2015.0,2018.0,1990.0,,25.0 4958,German air intelligence in the second world war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432056,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6868TAJT,1990-04-01,Horst Boog,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:15:10Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'PBHFUE8W', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529008432056,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006482570,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006482570,2014.0,2022.0,1990.0,,24.0 4959,"Ultra intelligence and general Douglas MacArthur's leap to Hollandia, January‐April 1944",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432055,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q4DJNXKY,1990-04-01,Edward J. Drea,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-27T09:14:39Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529008432055,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2148242864,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2148242864,2025.0,2025.0,1990.0,,35.0 4960,Turkey,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G4IKQVXS,2020-01-01,I. Yilmaz,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:06:08Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4961,Tajikistan,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/32ZSSADQ,2020-01-01,A. Matveeva,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:05:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4962,Taiwan,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELNFXGMF,2020-01-01,F. Rosenke J.,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:05:32Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4963,Syria,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4A8YU8NS,2020-01-01,F. Peil,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:05:18Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4964,Saudi Arabia,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PPE8JNTB,2020-01-01,C. M. Davidson,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:04:06Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4965,Palestine,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z3MAQ4VL,2020-01-01,A. Tartir,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:02:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4966,Pakistan,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SC53HGJS,2020-01-01,K. Mukherjee,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:02:33Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4967,Myanmar,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J6INZ9X7,2020-01-01,Andrew Selth,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:02:02Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4968,Sri Lanka,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KC7PZVJ9,2020-01-01,V. K. Shashikumar,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:04:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4969,South Korea,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DJ7U6FSJ,2020-01-01,D. A. Neuhaus,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:04:26Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4970,Russia,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NDZSEMQ9,2020-01-01,A. Kozovoï,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:03:50Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4971,North Korea,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5488XPYG,2020-01-01,S. Blancke,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:02:16Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4972,Kazakhstan,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/86MAGT3K,2020-01-01,Filip Kovacevic,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:01:47Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4973,Japan,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I2LJRZQM,2020-01-01,Yoshiki Kobayashi,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:01:13Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4974,Iraq,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AFBQ2JGQ,2020-01-01,Ibrahim Al-Marashi,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:00:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4975,Iran,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MXLSM8L8,2020-01-01,Carl Anthony Wege,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:00:26Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4976,China,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MXMYLRIV,2020-01-01,X. Guo,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-24T23:58:47Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4977,Bangladesh,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VC9FX3V7,2020-01-01,A. S. M. Ali Ashraf,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-24T23:58:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4978,Afghanistan,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y3WIEAI2,2020-01-01,D. Patang,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-24T23:56:20Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4979,Jordan,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FV2J6R9V,2020-01-01,H. Al Jbour,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:01:27Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4980,Israel,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ISC5NSUJ,2020-01-01,Ephraim Kahana,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:00:57Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4981,India,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MKJI3QT7,2020-01-01,Prem Mahadevan,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-24T23:59:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4982,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Book,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I2WS2HPD,2020,Bob de Graaff,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2022-12-06T16:17:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'HCN8YFI8', 'NWAKWPT7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4983,Yemen,Book chapter,https://www.rienner.com/title/Intelligence_Communities_and_Cultures_in_Asia_and_the_Middle_East_A_Comprehensive_Reference,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9TQ9YQLN,2020-01-01,A. Chimente,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T00:06:24Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Communities and Cultures in Asia and the Middle East: A Comprehensive Reference,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 4984,Convoy PQ 17: A study of intelligence and decision‐making,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432054,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HZVIVZC,1990-04-01,Patrick Beesly,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:36:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529008432054,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042488181,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042488181,,,1990.0,, 4985,"The British army, signals and security in the desert campaign, 1940–42",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432053,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BPTVVNK7,1990-04-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:36:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529008432053,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085220997,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085220997,2013.0,2023.0,1990.0,,23.0 4986,"Flawed perception and its effect upon operational thinking: The case of the Japanese army, 1937–41",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432052,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F3HMRRBZ,1990-04-01,Alvin D. Coox,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:36:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529008432052,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2110286794,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2110286794,,,1990.0,, 4987,Institutionalized deception and perception reinforcment: Allenby's campaigns in Palestine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432051,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UY5S2H2U,1990-04-01,Yigal Sheffy,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:35:55Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684529008432051,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002878530,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 4988,Lee at Gettysburg: A general without intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432049,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C7FL7PBJ,1990-04-01,Jay Luvaas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:35:26Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/02684529008432049,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059146590,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 4989,"The role of intelligence in the chancellorsville campaign, April‐May, 1863",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432048,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CN6I98U8,1990-04-01,Jay Luvaas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:35:00Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/02684529008432048,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2114674592,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2114674592,,,1990.0,, 4990,"All the commissioner's men: The federal bureau of narcotics and the Dewey‐Luciano affair, 1947–54",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432040,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KHHVFDDU,1990-01-01,"John C. McWilliams, Alan A. Block",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:34:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529008432040,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2014797266,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014797266,2013.0,2023.0,1990.0,,23.0 4991,"Something very stern: British political intelligence, Moralism and grand strategy in 1939",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432039,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DDK2X25P,1990-01-01,Wesley K. Wark,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:33:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529008432039,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2117939012,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2117939012,,,1990.0,, 4992,"'Only half the battle’: American intelligence and the Chinese intervention in Korea, 1950",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432038,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DDKJYTE6,1990-01-01,Eliot A. Cohen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:33:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684529008432038,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2106163557,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2106163557,2015.0,2017.0,1990.0,,25.0 4993,Intelligence and policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432037,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5Y7PWEH4,1990-01-01,Reginald Hibbert,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:33:26Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/02684529008432037,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2140615610,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2140615610,2014.0,2025.0,1990.0,,24.0 4994,"The role of intelligence in coastal command's anti‐shipping campaign, 1940–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432036,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9ESAMBW7,1990-01-01,Christina Goulter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:33:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529008432036,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086649390,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086649390,,,1990.0,, 4995,"Intelligence and security in Ireland, 1922–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432035,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7TBJUHGG,1990-01-01,Eunan O'Halpin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:32:37Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529008432035,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2134273920,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2134273920,2017.0,2017.0,1990.0,,27.0 4996,"Soviet operational intelligence in the Kursk operation, July 1943",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432034,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P8ILEV6P,1990-01-01,David M. Glantz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:32:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529008432034,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081028697,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 4997,The middle east intelligence centre,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432027,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I3QV5BB7,1989-10-01,H. O. Dovey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:23:38Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684528908432027,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041492608,46.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041492608,2012.0,2017.0,1989.0,,23.0 4998,Intelligence and the assessment of military capabilities: Reasonable sufficiency or the worst case?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432026,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3L94R9CJ,1989-10-01,Michael Herman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:23:09Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684528908432026,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2007665053,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2007665053,2016.0,2025.0,1989.0,,27.0 4999,Soviet signals intelligence (Sigint): Organization and management,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432022,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y4LWVBR2,1989-10-01,"Desmond Ball, Robert Windrem",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:21:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528908432022,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017697978,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017697978,2013.0,2023.0,1989.0,,24.0 5000,"The other collusion: Operation straggle and Anglo‐American intervention in Syria, 1955–56",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432017,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SDM532HX,1989-07-01,"Anthony Gorst, W. Scott Lucas",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:20:26Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684528908432017,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077423559,31.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077423559,2013.0,2026.0,1989.0,,24.0 5001,"Symbolic or real? The impact of the Canadian security intelligence review committee, 1984–88",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432016,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M4WSGSN7,1989-07-01,Peter Gill,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:19:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684528908432016,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084986016,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084986016,2014.0,2026.0,1989.0,,25.0 5002,An intelligence surprise: The failure of the foreign office to anticipate the Nazi‐Soviet pact,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432014,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6ZETKIYM,1989-07-01,D. Cameron Watt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:07:28Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528908432014,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2136022324,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 5003,The Soviets and naval enigma: Some comments,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432013,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DGYSSEFP,1989-07-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:07:11Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528908432013,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086367792,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086367792,2021.0,2021.0,1989.0,,32.0 5004,"Fortitude, ultra and the ‘need to know’",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432012,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W2832BKE,1989-07-01,Ralph Bennett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:06:38Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528908432012,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089705860,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089705860,2012.0,2015.0,1989.0,,23.0 5005,Significance of MAGIC and the Japanese ambassador to Berlin: (V) news of Hitler's defense preparations for Allied invasion of Western Europe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432011,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B5F4V2SP,1989-07-01,Carl Boyd,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:03:27Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528908432011,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056331812,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 5006,Pearl harbor: The Anglo‐Australian dimension,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432010,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZHSVVBER,1989-07-01,John W.M. Chapman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T23:02:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528908432010,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2040236444,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040236444,,,1989.0,, 5007,"From Broadway house to Bletchley park: The diary of Captain Malcolm. D. Kennedy, 1934–1946",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432009,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YQM56UBC,1989-07-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T22:19:41Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528908432009,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055089346,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055089346,2018.0,2018.0,1989.0,,29.0 5008,More on the soviets and ultra,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432003,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4IUG2ILE,1989-04-01,Geoff Jukes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T22:19:03Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528908432003,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065621495,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065621495,,,1989.0,, 5009,Operation condor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432002,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G3B4F99M,1989-04-01,H.O. Dovey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T22:18:49Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528908432002,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4251761580,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4251761580,2012.0,2012.0,1989.0,,23.0 5010,"‘Spare no expense:’ The department of state and the search for information about Bolshevik Russia, November 1917‐September 1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432000,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9L2YLXUB,1989-04-01,David A. Langbart,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:47:46Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684528908432000,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994759315,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994759315,2017.0,2023.0,1989.0,,28.0 5011,Deception plan Graffham and Sweden another view,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908431999,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2B2PMUU,1989-04-01,Leif Leifland,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:47:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528908431999,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2009347756,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 5012,The Krämer case: A study in three dimensions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908431998,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KI99DSV3,1989-04-01,C.G. McKay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:46:37Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528908431998,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1967988468,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 5013,"The ethnic ‘agent in place’: English‐speaking civil servants and nationalist South Africa, 1948–57",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908431997,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EV2IZM6G,1989-04-01,G.R. Berridge,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:46:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684528908431997,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994086771,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994086771,2012.0,2012.0,1989.0,,23.0 5014,Soviet strategic culture ‐the missing dimension,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908431992,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D7KBPY6A,1989-01-01,David T. Twining,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:38:44Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/02684528908431992,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2025264963,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2025264963,2015.0,2025.0,1989.0,,26.0 5015,The role of target acquisition in combat intelligence past and future,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908431987,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BDYDN5BJ,1989-01-01,Z. Bonen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:37:42Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684528908431987,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2138992516,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 5016,Significance of magic and the Japanese ambassador to Berlin: (IV) confirming the turn of the tide on the German‐Soviet front,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908431985,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9B9QJPAN,1989-01-01,Carl Boyd,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:36:27Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528908431985,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086617446,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086617446,,,1989.0,, 5017,The secret police in nineteenth‐century Brussels,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908431984,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LQWT689F,1989-01-01,Luc Keunings,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:35:00Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/02684528908431984,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084163600,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 5018,Soviet signals intelligence: Vehicular systems and operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908431982,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GM5S8P79,1989-01-01,Desmond Ball,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:34:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528908431982,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017351381,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017351381,2012.0,2020.0,1989.0,,23.0 5019,Methodological magic,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431976,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SFNPCCKV,1988-10-01,Uri Bar‐Joseph,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:33:28Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/02684528808431976,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4232232732,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4232232732,2016.0,2026.0,1988.0,,28.0 5020,"‘Quelqu'un nous écoute’: French interception of German telegraphic and telephonic communications during the Paris peace conference, 1919: A note",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431974,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VMJGJPYS,1988-10-01,Alan Sharp,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:32:49Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684528808431974,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2103257575,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2103257575,,,1988.0,, 5021,An idiosyncratic view of where we stand on the history of American intelligence in the early post‐1945 era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431973,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5QYBGU95,1988-10-01,Bradley F. Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:32:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684528808431973,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046393439,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046393439,2022.0,2022.0,1988.0,,34.0 5022,British Signals Intelligence after the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431972,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S9WH2KQX,1988-10-01,Andy Thomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:32:03Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528808431972,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987937491,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987937491,,,1988.0,, 5023,Significance of MAGIC and the Japanese ambassador to Berlin: (III) the months of growing certainty,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431971,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZXTV9PWM,1988-10-01,Carl Boyd,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:31:43Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528808431971,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2170147824,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2170147824,,,1988.0,, 5024,Francis Herbert king: A Soviet source in the foreign office,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431970,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W4KG94ZU,1988-10-01,D. Cameron Watt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:31:14Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684528808431970,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2136755641,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2136755641,2018.0,2022.0,1988.0,,30.0 5025,Commanding generals and the uses of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431962,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28KI27QY,1988-07-01,Harold C. Deutsch,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:27:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528808431962,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030074670,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030074670,2016.0,2020.0,1988.0,,28.0 5026,Westmoreland vs. CBS: Was intelligence corrupted by policy demands?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431960,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UXI87YCP,1988-07-01,T. L. Cubbage II,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:24:17Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/02684528808431960,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2005424715,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2005424715,2012.0,2023.0,1988.0,,24.0 5027,The paradox of duality: Adolf Hitler and the concept of military surprise,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431959,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JHFU2HAV,1988-07-01,David Jablonsky,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:20:42Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528808431959,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004288895,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004288895,2015.0,2025.0,1988.0,,27.0 5028,Napoleon's use of intelligence: The Jena campaign of 1805,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431958,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WKAP687V,1988-07-01,Jay Luvaas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:18:04Z,"['8XA7D88D', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/02684528808431958,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038743908,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2038743908,2017.0,2021.0,1988.0,,29.0 5029,Leaders and intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431957,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3SAQSFIC,1988-07-01,Michael I. Handel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:17:44Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/02684528808431957,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4301235918,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4301235918,2013.0,2020.0,1988.0,,25.0 5030,‘Uncle Max’ and his Thrillers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431947,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GDTL3YUI,1988-04-01,Eric Homberger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:17:15Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684528808431947,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077538491,0.0,False,,,,1988.0,, 5031,The unknown war: Security in Italy 1943–45,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431946,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5EPPD9TS,1988-04-01,H.O. Dovey,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:16:31Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528808431946,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2128967342,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2128967342,2017.0,2017.0,1988.0,,29.0 5032,Bletchley park and Berkeley street,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431945,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JW78W7LP,1988-04-01,P. William Filby,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:15:33Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528808431945,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094295906,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094295906,,,1988.0,, 5033,"The ‘Vienna alternative’, 1944: Reality or illusion?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431944,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IMWG2Q3H,1988-04-01,Ralph Bennett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:15:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528808431944,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109665136,0.0,False,,,,1988.0,, 5034,The Soviets and Ultra: A comment on jukes’ hypothesis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431943,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VP2F9P2K,1988-04-01,P.S. Milner‐Barry,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:14:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528808431943,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2134721024,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2134721024,,,1988.0,, 5035,The Soviets and Ultra,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431942,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X3XRVRJM,1988-04-01,Geoff Jukes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:13:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528808431942,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032494058,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032494058,,,1988.0,, 5036,Ultra and the American war against Japan: A note on sources,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431936,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HPACJXJ8,1988-01-01,Edward J. Drea,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:12:35Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528808431936,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976135994,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976135994,,,1988.0,, 5037,Remarks on ‘a German perspective on Allied deception operations’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431935,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8622KR5M,1988-01-01,David Hunt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:11:59Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528808431935,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974950636,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974950636,2015.0,2015.0,1988.0,,27.0 5038,Naval Enigma: The breaking of Heimisch and Triton,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431933,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TFASNEVM,1988-01-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:10:19Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528808431933,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981894377,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981894377,2014.0,2021.0,1988.0,,26.0 5039,How we failed to buy the Italian Navy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431932,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5T9JBC6K,1988-01-01,Peter Tennant,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:09:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528808431932,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081325266,0.0,False,,,,1988.0,, 5040,"British fascism and state Surveillance, 1934–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431930,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SFW5V75R,1988-01-01,Richard C. Thurlow,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:05:32Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528808431930,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1963903752,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1963903752,,,1988.0,, 5041,"The Surveillance of Indian revolutionaries in Great Britain and on the Continent, 1905–14",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431929,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PKAFV73Q,1988-01-01,Richard Popplewell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:04:03Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/02684528808431929,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1967942434,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1967942434,2012.0,2019.0,1988.0,,24.0 5042,"Imperial rivalry: British and American intelligence in Asia, 1942–46",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431928,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ICATWLZQ,1988-01-01,Richard Aldrich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:03:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528808431928,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996238143,24.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996238143,2018.0,2018.0,1988.0,,30.0 5043,Mata Hari,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431923,"Russell Warren Howe, Mata Hari — The True Story (New York; Dodd Mead, 1986).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5G9FFPVW,1987-10-01,Sam Waagenaar,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:02:23Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684528708431923,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4245360911,0.0,False,,,,1987.0,, 5044,Intelligence requirements for the 1980s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431921,"Roy Godson (ed.), Intelligence Requirements for the 1980's (series title), Volumes 1–5 published by the National Strategy Information Center but distributed by Transaction Books, New Brunswick. Volumes 6 and 7 published by Lexington Books, Lexington MA.). Volume One: Elements of Intelligence, 1979. Pp. 124; \4.99; substantially revised and with a new essay, 1983. Pp.148; \6.00. Volume Two: Analysis and Estimates, 1980. Pp.223; \7.50. Volume Three: Counter‐intelligence, 1980. Pp.339; \7.95. Volume Four: Covert Action, 1981. Pp.243; \7.50. Volume Five: Clandestine Collection, 1982. Pp.231; \8.50. Volume Six: Domestic Intelligence, 1986. Pp.290; \14.95 (hardback); \10.95. (paperback) Volume Seven: Intelligence and Policy, 1986. Pp.192; \14.95 (hardback); \11.95 (paperback).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7DE43EUK,1987-10-01,K.G. Robertson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:02:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684528708431921,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981738106,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981738106,2015.0,2023.0,1987.0,,28.0 5045,Breaking Japanese codes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431919,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2LM37I6,1987-10-01,Alan Stripp,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:01:25Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528708431919,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2012135806,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012135806,,,1987.0,, 5046,"Diplomacy, scandal and military intelligence: The craufurd‐stuart affair and Anglo‐American relations 1918–20",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431918,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B7LF3LYX,1987-10-01,George Egerton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:00:43Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684528708431918,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061614830,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061614830,2012.0,2012.0,1987.0,,25.0 5047,The use and abuse of fear: France and the air menace in the 1930s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431917,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5QDXWYNY,1987-10-01,Robert J. Young,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T21:00:08Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684528708431917,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999385368,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999385368,,,1987.0,, 5048,British intelligence and small wars in the 1930s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431916,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8UPCHRYS,1987-10-01,Wesley K. Wark,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:59:48Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684528708431916,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015238492,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015238492,,,1987.0,, 5049,The politics of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431914,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YUF78237,1987-10-01,Michael Handel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:59:16Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/02684528708431914,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031331551,30.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031331551,2012.0,2025.0,1987.0,,25.0 5050,The intelligence producer - policy consumer linkage: A theoretical approach,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684528608431850,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9WL2UBBW,1986,Arthur S. Hulnick,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-17T20:21:52Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684528608431850,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093618298,36.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093618298,2013.0,2025.0,1986.0,,27.0 5051,The success of operation fortitude: Hesketh's history of strategic deception,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431910,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TRX3EEEP,1987-07-01,T.L. Cubbage,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:57:56Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528708431910,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004103201,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004103201,,,1987.0,, 5052,A German perspective on allied deception operations in the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431909,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WW48G7UQ,1987-07-01,Klaus‐Jürgen Müller,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:57:22Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528708431909,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2332421547,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2332421547,2017.0,2020.0,1987.0,,30.0 5053,American strategic deception in the Pacific: 1942–44,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431908,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9SEUL9DP,1987-07-01,Katherine L. Herbig,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:56:35Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528708431908,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2126069492,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2126069492,2012.0,2016.0,1987.0,,25.0 5054,The Red mask: The nature and legacy of Soviet military deception in the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431907,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XC5CBIYD,1987-07-01,David M. Glantz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:55:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528708431907,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043577034,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043577034,,,1987.0,, 5055,The German misapprehensions regarding overlord: Understanding failure in the estimative process,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431906,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9S6YAYK6,1987-07-01,T.L. Cubbage II,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:54:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528708431906,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011182134,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011182134,,,1987.0,, 5056,Operation Starkey 1943: ‘A piece of harmless playacting'?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431905,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9DI8TE29,1987-07-01,John P. Campbell,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:54:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528708431905,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018535570,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018535570,2015.0,2015.0,1987.0,,28.0 5057,Introduction: Strategic and operational deception in historical perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431904,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DW9JMQIK,1987-07-01,Michael I. Handel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:53:45Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684528708431904,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2126207424,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2126207424,2012.0,2024.0,1987.0,,25.0 5058,The intelligence library: Quantity vs. quality,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431900,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6PIQ6968,1987-04-01,Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:53:17Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/02684528708431900,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985666611,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985666611,2013.0,2013.0,1987.0,,26.0 5059,Swedish intelligence in the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431898,"Wilhelm M. Carlgren, Svensk Underrättelseijänst 1939I45 (Liber Allmänna Förlaget: The Swedish Defence Department 1985).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XVEZWD3T,1987-04-01,Peter Tennant,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:52:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528708431898,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017409311,0.0,False,,,,1987.0,, 5060,The KGB,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431897,"John Barron, KGB Today: The Hidden Hand (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1984). Pp.491; £9.95. Leo Heaps, Thirty Years With The KGB: The Double Life Of Hugh Hambleton (London: Methuen, 1984). Pp.vii + 158; £7.95. Richard H. Shultz and Roy Godson, Dezinformatsia: Active Measures In Soviet Strategy (McLean, Virginia: Pergamon‐Brassey's International Defense Publishers, 1985). Pp.x + 211; £8.60. Anatoliy Golitsyn, New Lies For Old: The Communist Strategy Of Deception And Disinformation (London: Bodley Head, 1984). Pp.xviii + 412; £12.50. Jay Tuck, High‐Tech Espionage: How The KGB Smuggles NATO's Strategic Secrets To Moscow (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986), Pp.vii + 211; £10.95. Frantisek August and David Rees, Red Star Over Prague (London: Sherwood Press, 1984). Pp.176; £7.50.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/42HZF738,1987-04-01,Marko Milivojević,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:52:28Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684528708431897,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4232870440,0.0,False,,,,1987.0,, 5061,"U‐boats, homing signals and HFDF",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431894,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9QSK3ZUY,1987-04-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:51:32Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528708431894,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2125564283,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2125564283,2021.0,2021.0,1987.0,,34.0 5062,The compromise of US navy cryptanalysis after the battle of midway,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431893,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ME9IHVIE,1987-04-01,B. Nelson Macpherson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:11:47Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528708431893,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2078331681,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078331681,2012.0,2018.0,1987.0,,25.0 5063,Significance of magic and the Japanese ambassador to Berlin: (II) the crucial months after Pearl Harbor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431892,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/82BLJ25D,1987-04-01,Carl Boyd,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:11:07Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528708431892,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039650996,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039650996,,,1987.0,, 5064,The documentary spoor of Burgess and Maclean,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431891,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G645P3KZ,1987-04-01,"Peter Hennessy, Kathleen Townsend",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:10:52Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684528708431891,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2088764082,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2088764082,2012.0,2019.0,1987.0,,25.0 5065,"Some of ultra's poor relations in Algeria, Tunisia, Sicily and Italy",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431890,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JY6G65VV,1987-04-01,Noel Currer‐Briggs,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:10:26Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528708431890,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073959576,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073959576,2015.0,2015.0,1987.0,,28.0 5066,British espionage and Prussian politics in the age of napoleon∗,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431888,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JXWHG5GU,1987-04-01,Otto W. Johnston,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:08:20Z,['8XA7D88D'],10.1080/02684528708431888,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2156137413,0.0,False,,,,1987.0,, 5067,French spies and counter‐spies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431883,"Paul Paillole, Notre espion chez Hitler (Paris: Robert Laffont, 1985). Pp. 287 Ff.85. Jean Rochet, Cinq arts à la tete de la DST, 1967–1972. La mission impossible (Paris: Plon, 1985). Pp. 340. Ff.80.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/49VCMXW4,1987-01-01,Douglas Porch,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:07:18Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684528708431883,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033917120,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033917120,,,1987.0,, 5068,Uses and abuses of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431882,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TXEDUXZM,1987-01-01,M.R.D. Foot,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:06:20Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684528708431882,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998666584,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998666584,2012.0,2023.0,1987.0,,25.0 5069,Significance of MAGIC and the Japanese ambassador to Berlin: (I) the formative months before Pearl Harbor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431880,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A9AXT62L,1987-01-01,Carl Boyd,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:04:26Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528708431880,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2124413759,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2124413759,,,1987.0,, 5070,Intelligence and counter‐insurgency operations: Some reflections on the British experience,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431879,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CHSK8PLL,1987-01-01,Keith Jeffery,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:04:07Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/02684528708431879,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036000762,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036000762,2012.0,2020.0,1987.0,,25.0 5071,The government code and Cypher school: A memorandum by lord Curzon,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431869,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F7YU24XA,1986-09-01,Keith Jeffery,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:02:44Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528608431869,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2153000792,0.0,False,,,,1986.0,, 5072,"Admiral godfrey's mission to America, June/July 1941",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431867,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B6YXVGTA,1986-09-01,Bradley F. Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:02:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528608431867,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2164286292,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2164286292,,,1986.0,, 5073,"A note on government intelligence and surveillance during the Curragh incident, March 1914",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431866,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PP8YR9ZS,1986-09-01,Ian F.W. Beckett,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:01:52Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684528608431866,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019568984,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019568984,,,1986.0,, 5074,"The police, the home office and surveillance of the British Union of fascists",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431865,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NYSRKIX5,1986-09-01,Paul Cohen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:01:34Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684528608431865,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060642631,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060642631,2015.0,2025.0,1986.0,,29.0 5075,"Internal security in wartime: The rise and fall of P.M.S.2, 1915–1917",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431864,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6WHMWYX8,1986-09-01,Nicholas Hiley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:01:04Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684528608431864,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061399235,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061399235,2025.0,2025.0,1986.0,,39.0 5076,The historiography of the early special branch,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431863,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KHN4RAE,1986-09-01,Bernard Porter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T20:00:44Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684528608431863,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082895005,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082895005,,,1986.0,, 5077,"Beware of 'exotic beauties' spy trap, China says, as it warns against leaking state secrets",Newspaper article,https://news.sky.com/story/beware-of-exotic-beauties-spy-trap-china-says-as-it-warns-against-leaking-state-secrets-13056727,China has been warning its citizens in the country and abroad of the dangers of getting caught up in espionage activities. It has been encouraging people to join counter-espionage work that includes creating channels to report suspicious activity.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TQJJSTCT,2024-01-26,Reemul Balla,,Sky News,2024-01-26T19:31:27Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5078,"‘Peace, order and good government’ during the cold war: The origins and organization of Canada's internal security program",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431862,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T4WZMVXW,1986-09-01,Lawrence R. Aronsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T19:26:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684528608431862,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979889420,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979889420,2018.0,2019.0,1986.0,,32.0 5079,The making of national estimates during the period of the ‘missile gap’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431861,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CCXEDBNM,1986-09-01,Peter Hofmann,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T19:26:04Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684528608431861,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066510635,0.0,False,,,,1986.0,, 5080,"‘Action this day’: The letter from Bletchley park cryptanalysts to the prime minister, 21 October 1941",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431853,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YM78TIAD,1986-05-01,P.S. Milner‐Barry,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T19:24:59Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528608431853,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043640706,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043640706,2022.0,2022.0,1986.0,,36.0 5081,The constitutional control of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431852,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6XAXMTST,1986-05-01,Glenn P. Hastedt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T19:24:43Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684528608431852,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983961590,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983961590,2025.0,2025.0,1986.0,,39.0 5082,Harold Macmillan and the Cossacks: Was there a Klagenfurt conspiracy?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431851,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HVB5ZZWX,1986-05-01,Robert Knight,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T19:24:26Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684528608431851,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2152967725,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2152967725,,,1986.0,, 5083,‘C’'s war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431848,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FFZR7SFF,1986-05-01,Robert Cecil,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T19:23:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684528608431848,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988741484,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988741484,,,1986.0,, 5084,The CIA and the media,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684528608431847,"Published in Intelligence and National Security (Vol. 1, No. 2, 1986)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HY63GV8B,1986-5-1,Loch K. Johnson,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T19:22:43Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],10.1080/02684528608431847,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2168858602,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2168858602,2013.0,2024.0,1986.0,,27.0 5085,"Surveillance and intelligence under the Vichy regime: The service du controle technique, 1939–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431844,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5RYFI8LQ,1986-01-01,Roger Austin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T18:50:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528608431844,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965555364,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965555364,2018.0,2019.0,1986.0,,32.0 5086,Ultra's poor relations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431843,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NVN5MUEH,1986-01-01,Christopher Morris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T18:50:06Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/02684528608431843,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2118295337,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2118295337,,,1986.0,, 5087,From Polish Bomba to british Bombe: The birth of ultra,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431842,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R9PXBQQF,1986-01-01,Gordon Welchman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T18:49:50Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/02684528608431842,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017707570,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017707570,2016.0,2025.0,1986.0,,30.0 5088,"No final solution: A survey of the cryptanalytical capabilities of German military agencies, 1926–35",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431840,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MXRQXJ3S,1986-01-01,J.W.M. Chapman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T18:47:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528608431840,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079963085,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079963085,,,1986.0,, 5089,Tsarist codebreakers and British codes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431839,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/48MG6ECP,1986-01-01,"Christopher Andrew, Keith Neilson",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-26T18:46:01Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528608431839,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081376468,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081376468,2016.0,2022.0,1986.0,,30.0 5090,How Good Is Norwegian Intelligence?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1986792,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U8IXRQ79,2023-07-03,"Brigt Harr Vaage, Stig Stenslie",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:29:36Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1986792,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3213482857,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3213482857,2023.0,2025.0,2021.0,,2.0 5091,Beijingology 2.0: Bridging the “Art” and “Science” of China Watching in Xi Jinping’s New Era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2081825,"In Xi Jinping’s China, the top leadership is getting even more closed, whereas their decisions carry ever more global weight. Ahead of the Chinese Communist Party’s highly important 20th National Congress to be held in the late autumn of 2022, the eyes of the global Intelligence Community are turning to Beijing. How to divine what exactly is going on in the black box of Chinese elite politics at this sensitive moment? This is the million-dollar-question facing analysts of Chinese politics. We argue that there is a gap asking to be bridged between the “art” and “science” of reading Chinese elite politics, or between on the one hand, the traditional Beijingology, and on the other hand, purely academically relevant research. There is a pressing need for a “Beijingology 2.0,” combining the traditional art of the China hands with the most innovative methods and tools derived from social science research into elite studies and text analysis, respectively.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/57TYKUL7,2023-07-03,"Bjørnar Sverdrup-Thygeson, Stig Stenslie",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:28:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2081825,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285731137,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285731137,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2022.2081825?needAccess=true,1.0 5092,Playing to Extremes: Russia’s Choices to Support Western Political Extremists and Paramilitary Groups,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2109449,"Russia likely selects extremists to support in Europe based on access and compatibility with the group’s views on the West. Russia also prizes support for its side in the war in Ukraine. The Ukraine war is key to the identification and recruitment of Western extremist groups by Russia. Russian assistance consists of providing propaganda support, finances, weapons, and paramilitary training. Russia likely does this to undermine the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union (EU), and other nations they perceive as moving toward NATO and the EU. Russian support enhances a group’s effectiveness even if extremist operations often end in failure or inaction. European nations can assess if the Russian state is supporting an extremist group within their country using a provided list of indicators as one line of effort. The indicator list and subsequent assessment can assist in arguments for technical surveillance and guide the questioning of human sources to blunt this threat.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WYHUV6VJ,2023-07-03,Paul N. Hodos,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:27:57Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2109449,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293094207,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293094207,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,,1.0 5093,Demographic Diversity in U.S. Intelligence Personnel: Is It Functionally Useful?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1994346,"Proponents of “diversity, equity, and inclusion” (DEI) in intelligence make two basic claims: (1) preferential hiring and promotions for minorities, women, LGBTQ+ people, and disabled persons is good, ethically and politically; and (2) the preferences improve the operational performance of intelligence agencies. This article addresses the second assertion, finds that DEI proponents have failed to provide evidence to support their position, and concludes that preferences for domestically-defined demographic groups cannot improve the performance of foreign-focused intelligence services. Such claims primarily reflect ideological views popular in government and the academy as well as the personal, parochial interests of persons from the favored groups. Instead, the traditional view of the value of diversity remains accurate: capable individual persons with different skills from all major demographic groups are primary drivers of excellent intelligence performance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XPNJHAQD,2023-04-03,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:22:43Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1994346,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4200193590,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200193590,2025.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2021.1994346?needAccess=true,4.0 5094,Post-KGB Lives: Is There Such a Thing as a Former Chekist?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2064201,"This article analyzes the postservice lives of Soviet and Russian intelligence and state security officers to explore the meanings behind the phrase, “There is no such thing as a former chekist” (“Бывших чекистов не бывает”). The article analyzes four possible scenarios in which a Soviet/Russian intelligence or state security officer might be considered “former,” organized around the concepts of legitimate and illegitimate ways of leaving the service, as well as genuine and deceptive reasons. Those two concept pairs create a matrix of possibilities for Soviet intelligence and state security personnel who consider leaving the service: legitimate/genuine, made up of officers who leave with no negative ramifications; legitimate/deceptive, made up of officers who claim to leave the service but remain connected; illegitimate/genuine, made up of defectors and arrested officers; and illegitimate/deceptive, made up of false defectors. Whether the statement “there is no such thing as a former chekist” is true depends on whom one asks: those who claim to have genuinely left the service would refute the statement, while those who are still in a Russian intelligence or state security service, as well as those whose departure is not genuine, hold firmly to it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VCB7UN5P,2023-04-03,Kevin Riehle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:21:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2064201,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4282593191,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4282593191,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 5095,The Social Ties that Bind: Unraveling the Role of Trust in International Intelligence Cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2079161,"International cooperation between intelligence services poses a dilemma. It is an important tool in countering today’s complex transnational threats, but at the same time, cooperation is a risky business. Intelligence services can never be sure that a partner will reciprocate in kind. Scholars and practitioners often identify trust as one of the foremost conditions to overcome this dilemma. Yet the notion of trust is seldomly conceptualized in these rational-calculative explanations. Contrary to the common view that intelligence services are exceptional in their opportunism and rivalry, social relations and trustworthiness perceptions provide a more dominant explanation for the level of cooperation between intelligence partners than is often assumed by scholars and practitioners. Known reputations, recognized professional standards, and shared traits socially bind intelligence professionals to their community of practice, enabling them to bridge divides like nationality and even conflicting interests. Intelligence services resemble many other organizations in the public and private domains, requiring a de-exceptionalization of their international cooperation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UI32GSJS,2023-04-03,"Pepijn Tuinier, Thijs Brocades Zaalberg, Sebastiaan Rietjens",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:20:29Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2079161,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285087483,14.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285087483,2022.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2022.2079161?needAccess=true,0.0 5096,Taking the Fight Abroad: The FBI’s Legal Attachés and Chinese Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1928862,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RWBL4S63,2023-01-02,Darren E. Tromblay,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:17:32Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1928862,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3184541319,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3184541319,2023.0,2023.0,2021.0,,2.0 5097,What About Her? Increasing the Actionability of HUMINT in Paternalistic Cultures by Considering Female Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2068890,"Female intelligence refers to a gender-sensitive perspective in collection planning that not only recognizes women as targets of collection but also considers females as operatives. These considerations become especially relevant in paternalistic cultural contexts, such as Afghanistan. Potential obstacles (e.g., myths) for female intelligence as well as past attempts at implementation (e.g., female engagement teams) are reviewed, before four areas of concern are identified that must be addressed in the future. The analysis is expanded by presenting survey and interview data from a sample of Bundeswehr operatives with human intelligence experience in paternalistic countries. We suggest how to address existing concerns and increase the actionability of field human intelligence units by incorporating females as valuable assets on both sides of the military intelligence collection process.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6FNYJWPZ,2022-10-02,"Stephan Lau, Farina T. S. Bauer",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:13:29Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2068890,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281645126,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281645126,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 5098,From the “Lavender Scare” to “Out and Equal”: LGBTQIA+ Diversity in the U.S. Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2060693,"Like most formal organizations in the United States, the agencies in the Intelligence Community (IC) have historically comprised white men and reflected their stories and interests. In the last few decades, however, the agencies have made efforts to diversify the workforce along multiple dimensions of inequality. In response to these initiatives, researchers—to include the agencies themselves—have sought to understand and elevate the experiences of officers who identify outside of the white and male demographics, with race, ethnicity, and gender as the primary targets of these studies. In contrast, it is only in the last few years that the agencies have made efforts to increase the visibility and sense of belonging among the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual or ally, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQIA+) population in the IC. LGBTQIA + intelligence officers work in a career with a particularly fraught history: it began with the so-called Lavender Scare in the 1950s—a period during which gay and lesbian government officers were considered security risks—and it was legal for them to be fired for this reason until 1995. With a short history marked by rapid change, research on this population has been relatively slow and scant to date. What do we know about the experiences of LGBTQIA + intelligence officers, and where do we go next? This article will consider these questions and explore opportunities and challenges that the structures and cultures of the IC present to the LGBTQIA + population.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/74BP7KDS,2022-10-02,Bridget Rose Nolan,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:13:14Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2060693,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4284697398,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 5099,Misaligned Perspectives on Diversity and Inclusion in the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2052531,"The U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) has executed a set of initiatives to enhance workforce diversity and inclusion to broaden the array of mindsets, perspectives, and skills in support of the mission. However, public statements and unclassified IC documentation indicate that progress is not keeping pace with objectives, as recruitment among sociodemographic minorities lags and departures outstrip that of nonminoritized groups. Research including U.S. intelligence officers conducted in the 2020–2021 timeframe suggests insight into these shortcomings by way of misaligned perspectives that diverged along group lines between core mission professionals, compliance officers, and institutional leaders. These perspectival misalignments suggest a need for more cross-group collective solutions that better reflect the experiences of intelligence officers in targeted groups.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7SL9YA7,2022-10-02,Greta E. Creech,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:12:10Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2052531,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4229458254,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4229458254,2022.0,2022.0,2022.0,,0.0 5100,Expanding Mental Models in Intelligence Through Diverse Perspectives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2047534,"Intelligence organizations need a workforce that draws on a variety of perspectives, as do other types of organizations. The U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) was created to address the conflict situations of the last century. The early workforce reflected the requirements of that time; it had strong ties to the military, was of primarily European heritage, Judeo-Christian morality, was righteous about democracy, and mostly male. Today’s security problems extend well beyond situations of state conflict, to include transnational crime, crises of the natural environment, and other fluid issues that defy the previous expectations. National security intelligence workforces must be both knowledgeable and agile. This combination of knowledge and mental agility is, paradoxically, difficult to achieve. The heritage of the IC created modes of thinking that are at odds with the current need to imaginatively consider interconnected factors and various perspectives. The IC is stymied by its own culture, structures, processes, policies, and thinking patterns. Increased inclusion of diverse points of view will better enable assessment of complex, dynamic global issues. This article discusses mental frameworks as they affect intelligence work, drawing conclusions about the value of diversity in an intelligence and national security workforce.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KICBLDBG,2022-10-02,Julie Mendosa,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:11:55Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2047534,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280509268,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280509268,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 5101,Beyond Blame: What Investigations of Intelligence Failures Can Learn from Aviation Safety,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1924102,"Investigations into intelligence failures are frequently conducted by multiple parties in parallel, and in several important cases, their conclusions have been controversial. In addition, investigations into minor incidents, such as mishandling of sensitive information or equipment, tradecraft errors, or similar events where no major consequences have been detected, tend to be handled internally by the concerned agency, or through limited interagency cooperation. This can lead to missed opportunities to prevent them from developing into major failures. These issues are compared to the investigative procedures employed in the aviation safety sector, where an independent body is responsible for investigating both major failures and minor incidents, with a view specifically to develop proactive measures to prevent repetition. The conclusion presented is that the Intelligence Community could benefit from studying how aviation safety investigations are handled, in order to be more effective in addressing minor incidents at an early stage, and to avoid controversies in investigations of major events.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V896GKHT,2022-07-03,Tony Ingesson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:11:17Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1924102,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3166106278,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3166106278,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2021.1924102?needAccess=true,1.0 5102,Sorting Out the FBI’s Data Dilemma: Coming to Grips With Information Technology,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1925844,"Intelligence services—among other entities—must organize information in ways that facilitate their operations. The information technology (IT) that agencies develop follows the contours of how agencies use data in furtherance of their objectives. Therefore, it can be read as a microcosm of agencies writ large. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)’s use of IT provides a case study of this. IT evolved to serve the needs of individual programs (e.g., counterintelligence, criminal investigations) and only once this had occurred did the FBI begin to develop a corporate enterprise architecture aimed at integrating the organization’s multiple facets. Examining the evolution of the FBI’s IT serves multiple purposes. From a historical perspective it provides insights into the institutional thought process, reflected in IT decisions, that drove operations. It also provides a lens through which to assess future development of IT systems—specifically, how an IT decision will impact the FBI’s culture and ability to effectively carry out its mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PB4GS4VF,2022-07-03,Darren E. Tromblay,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:11:01Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1925844,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3181077756,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 5103,A Model Proposal for Analyzing Open-Source Information in End-User Computers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1899514,"Cloud, grid, parallel, volunteer, and opportunistic computing are different forms of distributed computing and each of these concepts addresses different problems in data analysis. One of the latest virtualization technologies, containerization, provides new capabilities with a thin layer on end-user desktop computers in the field of distributed computing. From the viewpoint of management information systems, the information is the key element in decisionmaking processes, and in the age of the Internet the information that is necessary for organizations is accessible from publicly available open sources. Every organization needs to operate an open-source intelligence process to use the open-source data in different levels of management. However, the problem is that each organization needs data scientists and hardware and software resources to fulfill this requirement. Big enterprise companies or governments can make an investment to solve this problem, but small and medium-sized enterprises or small institutions may not have enough budget. A distributed microservice-based data analysis model with the technology of Docker containerization on the end-user computers is proposed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/26CA2YG9,2022-07-03,Hüseyin Akarslan,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:10:22Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1899514,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3166807517,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3166807517,2024.0,2026.0,2021.0,,3.0 5104,The Atomic Spy Who Never Was: “Perseus” and KGB/SVR Atomic Espionage Disinformation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1894835,"In the late 1980s and early 1990s the KGB and its successor SVR began a campaign to claim a large share of credit for the USSR’s development of an atomic bomb. Memoirs by KGB officers celebrated their service’s success in penetrating the American “Manhattan” project. As part of this campaign, in 1991, Vladimir Chikov, a serving KGB (later SVR) officer, published an article in Russian and English, followed by a full-length book in French (1996), German (1996), and Russian (1997) on the exploits of an atomic superspy code named “Perseus,” said to still be alive and unknown to American security. “Perseus” was described as a senior physicist who was part of the Manhattan project from its origins, working first at the Chicago “Med” lab with Enrico Fermi and later at Los Alamos with Robert Oppenheimer. Veteran KGB officer Anatoly Yatskov, who had supervised several spies in the Manhattan project, added his endorsement of the “Perseus” story. For years, amateur and professional researchers used the clues in Chikov’s writings to search for the identity of “Perseus,” but no strong candidate emerged. With the opening of the Venona decryptions in 1995, most professional historians became convinced that “Perseus” was a KGB/SVR fiction, but “Perseus” lingers still with the wider public as a yet unidentified Soviet atomic spy. This article points to the internal contradictions and impossible assertions in Chikov’s “Perseus” story, as well as how Venona shows that Chikov took elements of the story of a real Soviet spy, Theodor Hall, to construct the “Perseus” myth. Hall was a junior scientist without an advanced degree who worked at Los Alamos in 1944 and 1945 (never at Chicago), but Chikov moved Hall’s story back to 1942 and elevated him from a junior figure to a senior scientist and associate of Fermi and Oppenheimer who, in Chikov’s words, gave Stalin “the Manhattan project on a serving plate.” Further, Chikov gave “Perseus” numerous attributes that precluded the still living Hall from ever being a candidate for the atomic spy “Perseus.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2QT3T7DX,2022-07-03,"John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T17:08:56Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1894835,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3168227719,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3168227719,2025.0,2025.0,2021.0,,4.0 5105,Transforming the Czech(oslovak) Foreign Intelligence Service 1990–1994,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2031735,"After dissolution of the State Security (StB), which had served to keep the communists in power, a new system of intelligence services was needed as a pillar of the new democratic society. Changes in structure, policies, and personnel were accompanied by ardent disputes, mostly centering on the counterintelligence services. With the Cold War drawing to an end and the bipolar world beginning to disintegrate, intelligence work seemed redundant. Activities against countries that became Czechoslovakia’s partners after 40 years of the Cold War were halted, and ties with its patron, the State Committee for Security (KGB), were severed. The diplomatic cover that intelligence officers had used for years was now seen as unacceptable, which meant that the service suddenly lost its stations abroad. The initial period of major changes and restructuring in 1990 was followed by routine operations starting in 1990–1991, which was relatively calm and lasted until the breakup of the Czechoslovak Federation. In spring 1993, the Czech Intelligence Council was established to ensure oversight of the Intelligence Community, and the foreign intelligence service gradually improved its relations with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The first transformation stage and the factual establishment of the Office for Foreign Relations and Information were completed by passing the Act on Intelligence Services in July 1994.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZCKTEBIL,2022-04-03,"Petr Kaňák, Jiří Piškula, Jiřina Dvořáková",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:42:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2031735,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4220936568,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 5106,The Security Intelligence System of the Republic of Serbia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.2022429,"The Republic of Serbia has been an independent state since 2006, after the separation of Montenegro, which for the first time in modern history (since 1918) led to the need for all intelligence and security services, which previously had belonged to various state communities within Serbia, to be reconstituted as Serbian national services. In creating the Serbian intelligence and security system, there was a lot of wandering, unclear solutions, and misunderstandings—understandable given the historical and political context in which the creation of the system took place. The Serbian intelligence and security system consists of three services coordinated by the Coordination Bureau, which belongs to the National Security Council. The Serbian security intelligence system will undoubtedly go through many transformations in Serbia’s accession to the European Union. With this article, we have tried to present the current solutions in this system, which represent the basis for further transformations and adaptation of the system to the needs of modern Serbian society.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QPQG7TCF,2022-04-03,"Darko Trifunovic, Zoran Dragišić",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:42:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2021.2022429,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4214738511,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 5107,U.S.–Bulgarian Exchange of Scientists and State Security: Cold War Case Study,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.2022428,"Declassified archive documents from the Ministry of the Interior in Bulgaria were used to examine and analyze the subversive activity of U.S. intelligence against Bulgaria conducted via the scientific exchange of these two countries. These documents expose Bulgarian intelligence and counterintelligence’s interest, methods, means, and approach with the United States during the Cold War. Although U.S. researchers and scholars represented only a small portion of the U.S. citizens temporarily residing in Bulgaria, they were considered the most dangerous because they had access to the Bulgarian cultural and scholarly elite, hence the opportunity to exert political influence on it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BZF9RGZI,2022-04-03,Simona Viktorova Samuilova,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:42:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2021.2022428,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4220973196,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 5108,"Files, Agents, “Deep State,” and Russian Influence: The Legacy of the Communist State Security Service in Bulgaria",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.2018264,"How much influence did the former communist state security service Darzhavna sigurnost (DS) have during the transformation period in Bulgaria? For the first time in history, there is empirical data available that allow for an analysis of the role of the Bulgarian secret police and its “afterlife” after 1990. Bulgarian intelligence archives, which were made partly accessible following the country’s admission to the European Union in 2007, provide an excellent basis for an analysis of the relationship between the DS and the Soviet State Committee for Security, the transformation of the Bulgarian security apparatus in 1990, attempts to disclose the state security archives, and continuous infiltration of Bulgarian politics, institutions, and security apparatus by former agents of the communist intelligence and security apparatus. The empirical data suggest that personal connections, dependencies, and informal networks of former DS agents and officials played an important role during the transformation period in Bulgaria and are at least partly responsible for political corruption, continuous Russian influence, a high degree of politicization of the Bulgarian security apparatus, misuse of intelligence and illegal surveillance practices, and a high degree of domestic and international mistrust and (dis-)loyalty.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6EVNSL3S,2022-04-03,Christopher Nehring,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:41:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2021.2018264,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210335683,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4210335683,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 5109,Secrecy and the Disinformation Campaign Surrounding Chernobyl,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.2018262,"This archival study focuses on secrecy, Soviet disinformation campaigns, and active measures designed to divert the attention of the international community from the 1986 Chernobyl accident, and to conceal state mismanagement, violence, and inefficiencies of the Soviet Union nuclear industry. More specifically, it illuminates the implications of the Soviet cover-up operation and its ultimate failure, particularly due to the efforts of the American intelligence community, including the CIA. American technological progress and intelligence were instrumental to the CIA’s understandings of the damage caused by Chernobyl, the dynamics of decontamination and its ethnic discriminatory practices, as well as the extent of the Soviet disinformation campaign. Importantly, Soviet active measures designed to obscure the scale and the consequences of the disaster had the opposite effect from what was expected, helping the American intelligence community accurately predict the potential political crisis in the USSR exacerbated by the Soviet cover-up operations and state violence. American analysts argued that popular concerns about the violent nature of the Soviet regime and discriminatory draft and decontamination policies would persist, amplifying ethnic tensions in Soviet republics. In hindsight, their analysis had profound predictive value.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7LAYFINB,2022-04-03,Olga Bertelsen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:41:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MQMHZUFD']",10.1080/08850607.2021.2018262,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4221015651,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4221015651,2022.0,2026.0,2022.0,,0.0 5110,Cold War Cooperation: The KGB and Poland’s Security Service in Operation Kaskada and Operation Kama,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.2014289,"The increasing tension in international politics during the Cold War increased the importance of intelligence services throughout the world. Security services on both sides of the Iron Curtain were an important tool for gathering information on the enemy and for destroying political opponents. Moscow and its allies readily used their secret services for their purposes, both international and domestic. During the Cold War, the State Committee for Security (KGB) tightened its links to intelligence and counterintelligence services of the Soviet Bloc (SB) countries. One example of such cooperation is the joint operation of the KGB and the SB—Security Service of the Polish People’s Republic—in the 1970s and 1980s, called Operation Kaskada, and its subset, Operation Kama. The KGB and SB actions focused on compromising expat activists of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and on finding their allies in the USSR and Poland. The strategies used by both intelligence services led to closing a courier route from the West into the USSR and to seizing a contingent of documents that Moscow then used expertly for its propaganda and political ends. Given its efficacy, the operative model used by the Soviet intelligence agents is in all probability still used by Russian intelligence and counterintelligence services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K4P73BLD,2022-04-03,Dariusz J. Gregorczyk,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:40:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2021.2014289,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4221054719,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 5111,Operational Disinformation of Soviet Counterintelligence during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.2014280,"During the Cold War, the USSR (Soviet Union) and the United States were in a state of permanent political and thus information and psychological competition, conducted using various methods and forms of military and nonmilitary influence. This article analyzes doctrinal and textbook models of operational disinformation application from the counterintelligence service standpoint. Disinformation as a technique and tool of operational work was used in the area of intelligence influence within the operations and games conducted by the special services of the USSR. Still, it was also used in active operational combinations carried out by the State Committee for Security under the Council of Ministers of the USSR counterintelligence. The author’s thesis is that operational disinformation had a significant impact on the activity and effectiveness of the Soviet defensive services, and these methodologies are still in the arsenal of the Russian Federal Security Service, Foreign Intelligence Service, and Main Intelligence Directorate.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FIISBEGE,2022-04-03,Andrzej Krzak,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:40:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MQMHZUFD']",10.1080/08850607.2021.2014280,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210679301,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4210679301,2022.0,2024.0,2022.0,,0.0 5112,Agent of Influence and Disinformation: Five Lives of Ante Jerkov,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.2005997,"One of the most interesting thematic areas in intelligence studies is the study of the activities of the numerous double agents that had a significant impact on events and processes in the history of human conflicts and wars. Being a double agent is a highly demanding activity on both personal and professional levels. Examining the Cold War archives of former communist secret policies in Poland and Croatia, the authors integrated data showing that Ante Jerkov, an Italian journalist of Croatian origin with a parallel Ustasha and communist background, was an agent of influence and a source of information for at least five different intelligence and counterintelligence agencies. He worked for several agencies simultaneously. Additionally, he participated as part of a more comprehensive network of journalists who offered and sold information to different secret services in Rome/the Vatican during the Cold War. This article is a short biography of Ante Jerkov and his life in intelligence lies and deception.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6WRCKNUS,2022-04-03,"Gordan Akrap, Władysław Bułhak",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:40:12Z,['MQMHZUFD'],10.1080/08850607.2021.2005997,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210651839,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2021.2005997?needAccess=true, 5113,"A Mole in Shin Bet: Lucjan Levy and Polish HUMINT Operations in Israel, 1948–1967",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.2005996,"From the time of the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, many Polish Jews emigrated there, seeking shelter in the aftermath of the Holocaust and the circumstances of growing anti-Semitic attitudes. Lucjan Levy/Levi was one such emigrant who left Poland and settled in Israel. He soon joined the Shin Bet counterintelligence service, even as he remained an asset for Polish intelligence, providing Warsaw (and the intelligence services elsewhere in Eastern Europe) with valuable information on Israeli counterintelligence activity. Now, drawing on recently declassified documents, the author reconstructs Levy’s intelligence performance while also examining his espionage career within the broader framework of human intelligence operations conducted by Poland’s Tel Aviv Station.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WU9EQQIY,2022-04-03,Przemysław Gasztold,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:39:50Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2021.2005996,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210809866,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4210809866,2023.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2021.2005996?needAccess=true,1.0 5114,Four Phases of Former President Trump’s Relations with the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1952816,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6TYE7YYQ,2021-10-02,John E. Mclaughlin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:35:35Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2021.1952816,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3198652354,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3198652354,2025.0,2025.0,2021.0,,4.0 5115,Trump-Era Politicization: A Code of Civil–Intelligence Behavior Is Needed,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1960252,"Current and former U.S. intelligence officers in unprecedentedly large numbers politicized intelligence in their opposition to candidate and then President Donald Trump. The activists consistently refused, and still refuse, to accept responsibility for the politicization or the damage it caused to intelligence and broader national security. They declined to consider whether a well-established field of thought—civil–military relations—contains insights about normatively appropriate behavior by former senior intelligence officers, especially. This article explores lessons for intelligence officers in the civil–military literature and offers suggestions for revised behavioral norms by intelligence officers in the conduct of “civil–intelligence relations.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3EXAT46G,2021-10-02,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:35:16Z,['CGAXYI88'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1960252,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3196782625,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3196782625,2025.0,2025.0,2021.0,,4.0 5116,The (Missed) Israeli Snowden Moment?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1838902,"Recent journalistic revelations regarding the metadata collection practices of the Israel Security Agency (Shabak, ISA, or Shin bet), coupled with the public attention to the government’s initiative to harness these powers to identify citizens who came into close contact with coronavirus carriers, could have sparked Israel’s own “Snowden moment,” resolving in a comprehensive reform of its online surveillance legal regime. This article argues that the adamant stand taken by parliamentary and judicial oversight bodies to counter the government’s coronavirus-related surveillance should have been also addressed to tackle the new information regarding the ISA’s database retaining communications data of Israeli residents that has been collected for nearly twenty years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGUY799D,2021-10-02,Amir Cahane,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:34:40Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1838902,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3123171385,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3123171385,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,,1.0 5117,Competing for Trust: Challenges in United Nations Peacekeeping-Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1798153,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FUWWJCNG,2021-07-03,Sarah-Myriam Martin-Brûlé,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:30:24Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1798153,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3083518302,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3083518302,2023.0,2024.0,2020.0,,3.0 5118,Ukrainian and Jewish Émigrés as Targets of KGB Active Measures in the 1970s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1750093,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2EFKANWT,2020-05-26,Olga Bertelsen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:49:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1750093,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3029404435,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3029404435,2022.0,2025.0,2020.0,,2.0 5119,Intelligence Against COVID-19: Israeli Case Study,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1783620,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YK4DCT4T,2020-08-17,Ephraim Kahana,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:49:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'N8VR3BYE']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1783620,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3049304054,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3049304054,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,,1.0 5120,Analyzing International Military Medical Services: Developing a Methodology for Information Acquisition from Open Source Data,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1807781,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AJNSEVQA,2020-09-25,"Zenobia S. Homan, Martin C. M. Bricknell, Ryan M. Leone, Antonin Lelong",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:49:07Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'N8VR3BYE']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1807781,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3088466460,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3088466460,2021.0,2023.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2020.1807781?needAccess=true,1.0 5121,Forecasting for Intelligence Analysis: Scenarios to Abort Strategic Surprise,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1793600,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QI9CQ5U6,2020-09-15,"Avner Barnea, Avi Meshulach",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:53:57Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1793600,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3093023962,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3093023962,2022.0,2026.0,2020.0,,2.0 5122,Indian Intelligence and the Mystery of Muhammad’s Hair,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1752565,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9PVRKBHZ,2021-01-02,Ryan Shaffer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:53:30Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1752565,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3029646302,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3029646302,2023.0,2023.0,2020.0,,3.0 5123,Petticoat Promise: Gender and the CIA in the #MeToo Era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1706146,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CXHHMR55,2020-10-01,Matthew Crosston,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:21:08Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1706146,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3003314842,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3003314842,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,,1.0 5124,“Those Clowns Out at Langley”: A Theory of Trust between the Intelligence Community and the President,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1780084,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S3FTC2JM,2020-10-01,Mary Manjikian,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:20:49Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1780084,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3044913929,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3044913929,2022.0,2025.0,2020.0,,2.0 5125,“Real” Insider Threat: Toxic Workplace Behavior in the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1789934,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HALHN7KR,2020-10-01,Greta E. Creech,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:20:30Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1789934,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3080759097,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3080759097,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,,1.0 5126,European Intelligence Agendas and the Way Forward,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754666,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GIKSC6YJ,2020-07-02,Damien Van Puyvelde,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:19:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1754666,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3029881397,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3029881397,2020.0,2026.0,2020.0,,0.0 5127,The Merits of Informality in Bilateral and Multilateral Cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754684,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X7PAC7AJ,2020-07-02,Nicolas Labasque,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:18:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1754684,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3029700203,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3029700203,2020.0,2026.0,2020.0,,0.0 5128,On the Road to a European Intelligence Agency?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754670,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N4B3DC6V,2020-07-02,José-Miguel Palacios,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:18:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1754670,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3030753542,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3030753542,2022.0,2025.0,2020.0,,2.0 5129,Reflections on Intelligence Analysts and Policymakers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754679,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C7MKG78E,2020-07-02,David Omand,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:17:51Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1754679,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3029223112,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3029223112,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,,1.0 5130,Why Europe Needs Intelligence and Why Intelligence Needs Europe: “Intelligence Provides Analytical Insight into an Unpredictable and Complex Environment”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754682,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2P9V2CJN,2020-07-02,Ilkka Salmi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:17:37Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1754682,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3029888782,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3029888782,2023.0,2024.0,2020.0,,3.0 5131,European Union Law Restraints on Intelligence Activities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754665,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/775EZ56C,2020-07-02,Iain Cameron,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:17:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1754665,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3033398871,12.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3033398871,2024.0,2024.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754665?needAccess=true,4.0 5132,"Intelligence and Europe, Beyond Mutual Neglect",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754680,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MJZ4EAJ6,2020-07-02,"Yvan Lledo-Ferrer, Jan-Hendrik Dietrich",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:16:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1754680,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3029739782,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3029739782,2026.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754680?needAccess=true,6.0 5133,Tunisia’s Post–Arab Spring Intelligence Reform,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1669123,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5N7K6JPY,2020-01-02,"Florina Cristiana Matei, Jumana Kawar",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:14:22Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1669123,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2996337874,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2996337874,2022.0,2022.0,2019.0,,3.0 5134,Using Biotechnology to Build a Workforce for Intelligence and Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1676038,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UM8K9JJM,2020-01-02,Matthieu J. Guitton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:14:08Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1676038,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2996156610,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2996156610,2021.0,2021.0,2019.0,,2.0 5135,From Old Left to New Left: The FBI and the Sino–Soviet Split,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1670207,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MV7Y3GW3,2020-01-02,Darren E. Tromblay,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:13:50Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1670207,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2996650498,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2996650498,2022.0,2025.0,2019.0,,3.0 5136,The Defector Balance Sheet: Westbound Versus Eastbound Intelligence Defectors from 1945 to 1965,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1670021,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AQMW3M4X,2020-01-02,Kevin P. Riehle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:13:34Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1670021,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2996216640,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2996216640,2022.0,2022.0,2019.0,,3.0 5137,Developing a Conceptual Model of Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1621107,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E2B6UPH5,2019-10-02,John J. Borek,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:12:35Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1621107,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2964807350,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2964807350,2023.0,2026.0,2019.0,,4.0 5138,"In the Wilderness of Counterintelligence: CIA, the Force, and the Leslie James Bennett Matter",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1606661,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N48PY8D6,2019-10-02,David Levy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:12:17Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1606661,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2965135876,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 5139,The Art of Agent Handling,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1606642,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DAE4MFAM,2019-10-02,Joseph W. Wippl,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:12:00Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1606642,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2965558895,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2965558895,2021.0,2021.0,2019.0,,2.0 5140,Bricks and Mortar: Architecture and U.S. Domestic Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1605808,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RVQXDIN3,2019-10-02,"Darren E. Tromblay, Richard D. Podulka",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:11:41Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1605808,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2966216268,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 5141,Counterintelligence: An Asymmetric Warfighting Tool for the U.S. Navy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1621108,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NPICEI2W,2019-10-02,Victor M. Melendez Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:11:21Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1621108,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2965918818,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2965918818,2023.0,2024.0,2019.0,,4.0 5142,"All in Good Faith? Proximity, Politicization, and Malaysia’s External Intelligence Organization",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1621105,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/REWVX2CZ,2019-10-02,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:10:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CGAXYI88']",10.1080/08850607.2019.1621105,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2964871536,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2964871536,2021.0,2021.0,2019.0,http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/18534/1/FullText.pdf,2.0 5143,Selective SIGINT: Collecting Communications Intelligence While Protecting One's Own,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2019.1621087,"The literature on intelligence contains a significant, little explored puzzle that countries have long maintained large signals intelligence (SIGINT) services, achieving successes that have become widely known. Yet, states and their bureaucrats seem chronically confident that their own communications are secure from prying foreign eyes and ears. According to military historian John Keegan, hubris is a repetitive influence on secret communications, suggesting a general reason why intelligence services, foreign ministries, and military organizations typically believe their communications remain secure. The massive communications vulnerabilities that cost Germany and Japan dearly during World War II are well known, and Rebecca Ratcliff has explained many of the causes of Germany's problems. But other examples abound. While the recent history of the competition between the designers and practitioners of secure communications and successful SIGINT agencies remains largely obscure, the early...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UM85FK94,2019,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1621087,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2966469537,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2966469537,2025.0,2025.0,2019.0,,6.0 5144,Establishing Deniability and the Signing of the National Security Act of 1947,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1606645,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y4YVTHNP,2019-07-03,Jan Goldman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:09:33Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1606645,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2953775403,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 5145,An Outline of a Clausewitzian Theory of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1565564,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/257VX55I,2019-07-03,Ralf Lillbacka,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:09:08Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1565564,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2953801132,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2953801132,2019.0,2025.0,2019.0,,0.0 5146,Radical Technological Innovation in Satellite Reconnaissance: From CORONA to CLASSIC WIZARD,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1565568,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5V4ZVPQK,2019-07-03,Max Kuhelj Bugaric,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:08:52Z,['PBHFUE8W'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1565568,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2953889511,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2953889511,2022.0,2022.0,2019.0,,3.0 5147,The Surprise of Peace: The Challenge of Intelligence in Identifying Positive Strategic–Political Shifts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1565570,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4MBJ5APA,2019-07-03,Sagit Stivi-Kerbis,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:08:36Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1565570,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2953900334,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2953900334,2020.0,2024.0,2019.0,,1.0 5148,Anticipating the Zombie Apocalypse: Using Improbability to Teach Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1565571,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I9VN387Q,2019-04-03,Tony Ingesson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:07:42Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850607.2019.1565571,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2944178223,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944178223,2019.0,2020.0,2019.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1565571,0.0 5149,Mexico’s Intelligence Community: A Critical Description,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1522227,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AUP2HSJW,2019-04-03,Mario Vignettes,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:06:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2018.1522227,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2944515166,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944515166,2021.0,2021.0,2019.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2018.1522227?needAccess=true,2.0 5150,“Truth” as a Tool of the Politicization of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1565265,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7V2YA7ES,2019-04-03,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:06:01Z,['CGAXYI88'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1565265,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2944356007,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944356007,2019.0,2024.0,2019.0,,0.0 5151,The Roger Hollis Case Revisited,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1523650,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ERQCE3VR,2019-01-02,David Levy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:05:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1523650,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2919709477,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 5152,Creeping Suspicions: Antecedents of Australia’s Foreign Intelligence Activities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1522230,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8SEV3TYH,2019-01-02,Justin T. McPhee,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:05:11Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1522230,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2919403296,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2919403296,2023.0,2023.0,2019.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Creeping_Suspicions_Antecedents_of_Australia_s_Foreign_Intelligence_Activities/27523407,4.0 5153,Libya and the New Axis of Terror: Reshaping the Security Theater in MENA and Europe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1522226,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DBCN387G,2019-01-02,"Aya Burweila, John M. Nomikos",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T16:04:35Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1522226,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2920432993,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 5154,On Balance: Intelligence Democratization in Post-Franco Spain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1466588,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6PXGUR24,2018-10-02,"Florina Cristiana Matei, Andrés de Castro García, Carolyn C. Halladay",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:44:32Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1466588,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2906103940,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2906103940,2022.0,2024.0,2018.0,,4.0 5155,Information-Centric Intelligence: The Struggle in Defining National Security Issues,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1488503,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8BWFDUTF,2018-10-02,Craig A. Dudley,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:44:17Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1488503,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2905939788,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2905939788,2020.0,2023.0,2018.0,,2.0 5156,Developing Managers of Analysts: The Key to Retaining Analytic Expertise,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1488502,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AF4URZT6,2018-10-02,Donald K. Gordon Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:43:59Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1488502,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2905640234,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2905640234,2024.0,2024.0,2018.0,,6.0 5157,"Merging Pillars, Changing Cultures: NATO and the Future of Intelligence Cooperation Within the Alliance",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1488499,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4IURYDNK,2018-10-02,Jan Ballast,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:43:36Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1488499,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2906337246,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2906337246,2020.0,2022.0,2018.0,,2.0 5158,Open Source Intelligence (OSINT): An Oxymoron?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1492826,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KU6CWYZ,2018-10-02,Bowman H. Miller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:43:14Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1492826,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2905639207,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2905639207,2019.0,2025.0,2018.0,,1.0 5159,Managing Media Influence Operations: Lessons from Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1488498,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CV2IGH6Y,2018-10-02,A. Ross Johnson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:42:53Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2018.1488498,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2906675225,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2906675225,2019.0,2024.0,2018.0,,1.0 5160,A New Form of Politicization? Has the CIA Become Institutionally Biased or Politicized?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1488496,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IY9M5XLX,2018-10-02,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:42:39Z,['CGAXYI88'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1488496,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2905855351,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2905855351,2019.0,2026.0,2018.0,,1.0 5161,CIA’s Dilemma: A World Divided Between Countries With a Rule of Law and Those Without One,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1466591,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H4KBLYTF,2018-07-03,Joseph W. Wippl,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:42:17Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1466591,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2890671947,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2890671947,2025.0,2025.0,2018.0,,7.0 5162,Strengthening Central Intelligence: An Evidence-Based Framework for Action,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2018.1466569,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QMTJWFE9,2018-07-03,Norman B. Imler,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:41:40Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1466569,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2890138275,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2890138275,2022.0,2022.0,2018.0,,4.0 5163,Maskirovka in Latin America: Russia’s Pivot toward the Western Hemisphere,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1418551,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RKECH5B2,2018-07-03,Carlos Zamora Zúñiga,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:41:13Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1418551,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2891340089,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 5164,Intelligence Politicization in the Republic of Korea: Implications for Reform,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1466566,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W47USGNA,2018-07-03,Hyesoo Seo,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:36:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CGAXYI88']",10.1080/08850607.2018.1466566,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2890920802,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2890920802,2021.0,2023.0,2018.0,,3.0 5165,"The Yom Kippur War, Dr. Kissinger, and the Smoking Gun",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1417526,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3B8BHFP8,2018-04-03,"Rami Rom, Amir Gilat, Rose Mary Sheldon",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:35:53Z,['DHLN8GE4'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1417526,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2791233976,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2791233976,2021.0,2025.0,2018.0,,3.0 5166,The Ethics of Research in Intelligence Studies: Scholarship in an Emerging Discipline,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1417638,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LZAC72MU,2018-04-03,Jan Goldman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:35:17Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1417638,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2790667428,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2790667428,2019.0,2025.0,2018.0,,1.0 5167,Evaluating Ghana’s Intelligence Oversight Regime,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1375841,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FK9A33J6,2018-04-03,Patrick Peprah Obuobi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:30:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850607.2017.1375841,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2790448045,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2790448045,2019.0,2024.0,2018.0,,1.0 5168,MI5’s Tradecraft Before the First World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1375327,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ARD7VVK5,2018-04-03,Chris Northcott,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:29:51Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2017.1375327,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2792187510,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 5169,Squabbling Siloviki: Factionalism Within Russia’s Security Services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1417525,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HBTXXRVU,2018-04-03,Joss I. Meakins,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:29:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1417525,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2789884226,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2789884226,2019.0,2024.0,2018.0,,1.0 5170,Challenging the “Lone Wolf” Phenomenon in an Era of Information Overload,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1417349,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6HHVVC4W,2018-04-03,Avner Barnea,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:02:43Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850607.2018.1417349,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2792887110,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2792887110,2019.0,2025.0,2018.0,,1.0 5171,Intelligence in the First Muslim State: 610–632 AD,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1375844,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JDBFYRCC,2018-01-02,"Muhammad Youssef Suwaed, Ephraim Kahana",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:02:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/08850607.2017.1375844,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2775641453,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2775641453,2023.0,2023.0,2017.0,,6.0 5172,"Centralizing India’s Intelligence: The National Intelligence Grid’s Purpose, Status, and Problems",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1375336,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/74NDKD2R,2018-01-02,Ryan Shaffer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:01:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1375336,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2771115950,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2771115950,2019.0,2020.0,2017.0,,2.0 5173,Fragile Friendships: Partnerships Between the Academy and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1337448,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LBB79Q6B,2018-01-02,Matthew D. Crosston,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:01:35Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1337448,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2771442569,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2771442569,2019.0,2025.0,2017.0,,2.0 5174,Scolding Intelligence: The PFIAB Report on the Soviet War Scare,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1374797,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XM3EHAZI,2018-01-02,Benjamin B. Fischer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:00:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1374797,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2772941655,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2772941655,2019.0,2024.0,2017.0,,2.0 5175,Intelligence and Balkan Instability: Repeating the Past or Moving in a New Direction?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1374150,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MI4CW5DP,2018-01-02,"John M. Nomikos, A. Th. Symeonides",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T15:00:14Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1374150,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2774981338,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2774981338,2019.0,2019.0,2017.0,,2.0 5176,U.S. Strategic Warning Intelligence: Situation and Prospects,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1374149,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/APLLGVBQ,2018-01-02,"John A. Gentry, Joseph S. Gordon",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:59:31Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1374149,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2773095152,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2773095152,2019.0,2025.0,2017.0,,2.0 5177,Intelligence and the Intelligentsia: Exploitation of U.S. Think Tanks by Foreign Powers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1337444,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5RWII4V2,2018-01-02,Darren E. Tromblay,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:59:01Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1337444,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2772916175,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2772916175,2019.0,2022.0,2017.0,,2.0 5178,Putting a Little More “Time” into Strategic Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1297118,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ACHUKW5U,2017-10-02,Michael Landon-Murray,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:58:30Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1297118,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2750678419,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2750678419,2020.0,2020.0,2017.0,,3.0 5179,“A Three-Story Building”: A Critical Analysis of Israeli Early Warning Discourse,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1297122,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/THAM4NTK,2017-10-02,Shay Hershkovitz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:55:27Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/08850607.2017.1297122,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2751185237,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2751185237,2022.0,2025.0,2017.0,,5.0 5180,Communicating Cyber Intelligence to Non-Technical Customers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1297120,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/37GBVJCX,2017-10-02,Brian H. Nussbaum,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:55:08Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1297120,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2751072039,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2751072039,2019.0,2025.0,2017.0,,2.0 5181,Intelligence Oversight and the Security of the State,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1337445,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FTP7VLKV,2017-10-02,Njord Wegge,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:54:21Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1337445,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2753376402,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2753376402,2018.0,2025.0,2017.0,,1.0 5182,Using Communication and Psychosocial Research for Accurate Intelligence Acquisition,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1263531,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SXVN2WL8,2017-07-03,Corey A. Pavlich,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:53:30Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1263531,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2613169171,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 5183,Intelligence without Essence: Rejecting the Classical Theory of Definition,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1263527,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/56LJ6A36,2017-07-03,Jules J.S. Gaspard,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:53:09Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1263527,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2612873130,14.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2612873130,2018.0,2025.0,2017.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/113508443/Intelligence_without_Essence_Rejecting_GASPARD_Published_Online_10_May_2017_GREEN_AAM_.pdf,1.0 5184,UN Peacekeeping Intelligence: The ASIFU Experiment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1297108,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YQUJ8R8Q,2017-07-03,"Sebastiaan Rietjens, Erik de Waard",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:52:51Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1297108,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2613274416,35.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2613274416,2017.0,2026.0,2017.0,,0.0 5185,Significant Distrust and Drastic Cuts: The Indian Government’s Uneasy Relationship with Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1263529,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VVU4SV77,2017-07-03,Ryan Shaffer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:52:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1263529,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2612917902,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2612917902,2017.0,2019.0,2017.0,,0.0 5186,Reconciling Democracy and the Protection of State Secrets in South Africa,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1297115,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JQ6MKCM5,2017-07-03,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:52:01Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1297115,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2613755094,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2613755094,2018.0,2018.0,2017.0,,1.0 5187,The Spy Machine and the Ballot Box: Examining Democracy’s Intelligence Advantage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1263524,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/98X6MAZ8,2017-07-03,"Or Arthur Honig, Sarah Zimskind",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:51:24Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1263524,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2612446559,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2612446559,2020.0,2024.0,2017.0,,3.0 5188,What Science Can Teach Us about “Enhanced Interrogation”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1230707,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3MVK3ALR,2017-04-03,"Misty C. Duke, Damien Van Puyvelde",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:49:33Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1230707,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2586056333,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2586056333,2017.0,2025.0,2017.0,,0.0 5189,Shin Bet and the Challenge of Right-Wing Political Extremism in Israel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1230702,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X84YN4MA,2017-04-03,Eyal Pascovich,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:48:11Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1230702,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2586217755,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2586217755,2018.0,2021.0,2017.0,,1.0 5190,Operation Spiders: Fighting an Early Cold War Ukrainian Subversion behind the Iron Curtain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1263526,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/72WSII5R,2017-04-03,Jan Bury,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:47:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1263526,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2586913589,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 5191,A Good Intelligence Analyst,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1230708,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/69LVXLCC,2017-01-02,Michael Douglas Smith,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:47:09Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1230708,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2548649110,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2548649110,2019.0,2026.0,2016.0,,3.0 5192,The Social Context as a Predictor of Ideological Motives for Espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1230704,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PL3ZA34K,2017-01-02,Ralf Lillbacka,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:44:43Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1230704,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2548516753,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2548516753,2023.0,2025.0,2016.0,,7.0 5193,A Shared Epistemological View Within Military Intelligence Institutions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177401,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2IJ4K4JL,2017-01-02,Martin Bang,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:44:22Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1177401,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2548487559,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2548487559,2017.0,2026.0,2016.0,,1.0 5194,Intelligence in Peru and Colombia: Impact on the U.S. of Two Andean Alternatives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177396,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E3YHKSM8,2017-01-02,William C. Spracher,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:37:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1177396,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2548058711,0.0,False,,,,2016.0,, 5195,U.S. Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Frameworks,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1230701,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UJRXYH5Q,2017-01-02,Scott E. Jasper,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:28:06Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1230701,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2547850071,42.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2547850071,2017.0,2025.0,2016.0,,1.0 5196,The Man Who Wasn’t There,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1230700,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UBW5TFZF,2017-01-02,Benjamin B. Fischer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:27:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1230700,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2547562596,0.0,False,,,,2016.0,, 5197,The Unresolved Mystery of ELLI,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177404,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KBPC2KWU,2016-10-01,William A. Tyrer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:26:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1177404,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2430387506,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2430387506,2020.0,2020.0,2016.0,,4.0 5198,Intelligence Ethics: A Critical Review and Future Perspectives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177399,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HACPLX29,2016-10-01,Kira Vrist Ronn,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:26:21Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1177399,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2426641424,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2426641424,2019.0,2026.0,2016.0,,3.0 5199,The Recipe for Think Tank Success: The Perspective of Insiders,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177397,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MXKR36HA,2016-10-01,Lars Nicander,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:25:49Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1177397,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2438651115,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2438651115,2017.0,2024.0,2016.0,,1.0 5200,The Essence of Non-Decision: CIA's Deferral of Declassifying JFK-Era Documents,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1148485,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XBHY9BWH,2016-10-01,David M. Barrett,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:25:09Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1148485,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2427119584,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2427119584,2017.0,2024.0,2016.0,,1.0 5201,IC Data Mining in the Post-Snowden Era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1148488,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GDFLWSQE,2016-10-01,William J. Lahneman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:24:44Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1148488,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2432535593,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2432535593,2017.0,2023.0,2016.0,,1.0 5202,Operations-Driven Intelligence: Is the Shirt on Backwards?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1148487,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D8VTALPN,2016-10-01,Julie A. Mendosa,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:24:14Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1148487,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2432307513,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2432307513,2026.0,2026.0,2016.0,,10.0 5203,The “Professionalization” of Intelligence Analysis: A Skeptical Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177393,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/96KQ86MD,2016-10-01,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:23:02Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1177393,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2435970192,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2435970192,2017.0,2026.0,2016.0,,1.0 5204,Observations on Successful Espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1148490,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GYKBXSKB,2016-07-02,Joseph W. Wippl,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:22:33Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1148490,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2332271992,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2332271992,2025.0,2025.0,2016.0,,9.0 5205,The Contemporary Utility of 1930s Counterintelligence Prosecution Under the United States Espionage Act,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1121050,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K4W7HIRA,2016-07-02,Eric Setzekorn,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:21:48Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1121050,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2318646144,0.0,False,,,,2016.0,, 5206,Should Congress Provide Safe Harbor to Intelligence Whistleblowers?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1148489,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ETSMC55P,2016-07-02,Frederick H. Fleitz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:21:09Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1148489,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2317015401,0.0,False,,,,2016.0,, 5207,Managing Emerging Health Security Threats Since 9/11: The Role of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1121048,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R6ICMD6M,2016-04-02,Patrick F. Walsh,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:12:28Z,['N8VR3BYE'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1121048,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2297255489,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2297255489,2017.0,2022.0,2016.0,,1.0 5208,Albania's Intelligence after Hoxha: The Cat's Grin and Hidden Claws,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1083340,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3TUSQCWQ,2016-04-02,"Florina Cristiana Matei, Mimoza Xharo, Eduart Bala",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:11:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1083340,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2293799012,0.0,False,,,,2016.0,, 5209,The Public Dimension of Intelligence Culture: The Search for Support and Legitimacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1121044,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ANK9HZQW,2016-04-02,"Olli J. Teirilä, Hanna J. Nykänen",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:11:38Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1121044,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2298412291,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2298412291,2017.0,2024.0,2016.0,,1.0 5210,Developing International Intelligence Liaison Against Islamic State: Approaching “One for All and All for One”?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1121042,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TMX9WDGN,2016-04-02,Adam D. M. Svendsen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:11:03Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1121042,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2289833893,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2289833893,2016.0,2024.0,2016.0,,0.0 5211,Anticipatory Intelligence and the Post-Syrian War Hezbollah Intelligence Apparatus,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1121039,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QMQ6WR5R,2016-04-02,Carl Anthony Wege,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:07:34Z,['EJW4BLAR'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1121039,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2262716819,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2262716819,2017.0,2020.0,2016.0,,1.0 5212,The War Against Terrorism and For Stability of the Hashemite Regime: Jordanian Intelligence Challenges in the 21st Century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1121038,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B2G48Y4E,2016-04-02,Ronen Yitzhak,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:07:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2016.1121038,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2292004471,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2292004471,2016.0,2025.0,2016.0,,0.0 5213,From Cooperation to Competition: Economic Intelligence as Part of Spain's National Security Strategy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1083342,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3VYRAZ7Z,2016-01-02,Gustavo Díaz Matey,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:06:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1083342,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2226400238,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2226400238,2016.0,2026.0,2015.0,,1.0 5214,The Scharff Technique: On How to Effectively Elicit Intelligence from Human Sources,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2015.1083341,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CSM794JC,2016-01-02,"Pär Anders Granhag, Steven M. Kleinman, Simon Oleszkiewicz",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:06:02Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1083341,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2175861156,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2175861156,2016.0,2026.0,2015.0,,1.0 5215,"Bringing Non-Western Cultures and Conditions into Comparative Intelligence Perspectives: India, Russia, and China",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1083337,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RT79HF8V,2016-01-02,Matthew Crosston,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:05:40Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1083337,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2231666232,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2231666232,2020.0,2022.0,2015.0,,5.0 5216,Grounded Before Takeoff: The 1966 Decision to Cancel the A-12 OXCART,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1051413,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RRBTJZVG,2016-01-02,Eric P. Swanson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:05:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1051413,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2177811915,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 5217,Doubles Troubles: The CIA and Double Agents during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1083313,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/REF38RPW,2016-01-02,Benjamin B. Fischer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:04:46Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2015.1083313,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2196813363,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2196813363,2017.0,2020.0,2015.0,,2.0 5218,The Press as an Agent of Oversight: The NSA Leaks,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1083311,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6XVJSKQG,2016-01-02,Glenn P. Hastedt,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:04:28Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850607.2015.1083311,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2222237672,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2222237672,2019.0,2023.0,2015.0,,4.0 5219,The Temptation of Intelligence Politicization to Support Diplomacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1083309,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XGP7B3I2,2016-01-02,Michael Rubin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:04:09Z,['CGAXYI88'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1083309,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2177666306,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2177666306,2021.0,2025.0,2015.0,,6.0 5220,"In the Shadow of the Gestapo: German Secret Police Intelligence in East Asia, 1939–1945",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2015.1051840,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5JJTBCB5,2015-10-02,Chern Chen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:02:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2015.1051840,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1665760238,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1665760238,2018.0,2018.0,2015.0,,3.0 5221,A Formal Risk-Effectiveness Analysis Proposal for the Compartmentalized Intelligence Security Structure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1051830,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K3QTB5ZI,2015-10-02,"Daniel Javorsek II, John Rose, Christopher Marshall, Peter Leitner",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:02:11Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1051830,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1511889632,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1511889632,2022.0,2025.0,2015.0,,7.0 5222,Counterterrorism in Brazil: With an Eye on the Upcoming Olympics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1051412,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y7P55IDE,2015-10-02,Fábio M. S. P. Condeixa,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:01:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2015.1051412,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1656345030,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1656345030,2015.0,2015.0,2015.0,,0.0 5223,"Undercover Under Threat: Cover Identity, Clandestine Activity, and Covert Action in the Digital Age",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1022464,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRV2WR3H,2015-10-02,Jonathan Lord,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:00:54Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1022464,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1910073316,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1910073316,2017.0,2025.0,2015.0,,2.0 5224,Intelligence Analysis: Is It As Good As It Gets?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1051410,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D6AYQHPC,2015-10-02,"Mark M. Lowenthal, Ronald A. Marks",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:00:37Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1051410,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2269922497,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2269922497,2016.0,2024.0,2015.0,,1.0 5225,Has the ODNI Improved U.S. Intelligence Analysis?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1050937,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/48BC62PC,2015-10-02,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T14:00:12Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/08850607.2015.1050937,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2116060633,30.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2116060633,2015.0,2025.0,2015.0,,0.0 5226,A Spy in Albania: Southern Albanian Oil and Morton Frederic Eden,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.992762,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RF86EPNY,2015-07-03,Lampros Psomas,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:59:37Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2015.992762,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2241587893,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 5227,"HUMINT, OSINT, or Something New? Defining Crowdsourced Intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.992760,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5CRGZM84,2015-07-03,Steven A. Stottlemyre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:58:58Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2015.992760,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1692724328,30.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1692724328,2016.0,2026.0,2015.0,,1.0 5228,Intelligence Sharing Practices Within NATO: An English School Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1022468,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4334HKD7,2015-07-03,Adriana N. Seagle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:58:42Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1022468,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1713230559,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1713230559,2016.0,2025.0,2015.0,,1.0 5229,Li Kenong and the Practice of Chinese Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1022467,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EP5S4AUW,2015-07-03,Peter L. Mattis,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:58:03Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1022467,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1868900498,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1868900498,2017.0,2018.0,2015.0,,2.0 5230,Intelligence and the Significance of a Secret Agent's Personality Traits,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1022465,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RTXRVF3Q,2015-07-03,"Iztok Podbregar, Gašper Hribar, Teodora Ivanuša",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:57:50Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1022465,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1905693782,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1905693782,2022.0,2022.0,2015.0,,7.0 5231,The Role of Think Tanks in the U.S. Security Policy Environment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1022462,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RBCANP2D,2015-07-03,Lars Nicander,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:57:09Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1022462,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1734884235,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1734884235,2016.0,2025.0,2015.0,,1.0 5232,Intelligence and U.S. National Security Policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1022460,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KZDR8JVC,2015-07-03,Richard A. Best Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:56:35Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1022460,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1510981546,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 5233,Bridging the Gap between Collection and Analysis: Intelligence Information Processing and Data Governance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.992761,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QJMQUN9B,2015-04-03,Arpad Palfy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:55:36Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2015.992761,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991439021,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991439021,2017.0,2024.0,2015.0,,2.0 5234,The “Star Wars” Murders: Revisiting a Cold Case from the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.992756,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DX9BY55Y,2015-04-03,Marian K. Leighton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:54:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2015.992756,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075793959,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 5235,Unraveling India's Foreign Intelligence: The Origins and Evolution of the Research and Analysis Wing,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.992754,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R23FZTAV,2015-04-03,Ryan Shaffer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:53:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2015.992754,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2110976364,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2110976364,2017.0,2025.0,2015.0,,2.0 5236,An Obligation to Act: Holding Government Accountable for Critical Infrastructure Cyber Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.962356,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XES2MWPA,2015-04-03,Jacques J. M. Shore,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:52:49Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2014.962356,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043574976,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043574976,2019.0,2026.0,2015.0,,4.0 5237,Small State Intelligence Dilemmas: Struggling between Common Threat Perceptions and National Priorities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.962355,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JWA5J4FX,2015-04-03,Olli J. Teirilä,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:52:23Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2014.962355,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2100703472,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2100703472,2016.0,2026.0,2015.0,,1.0 5238,Argo/Our Man in Tehran,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.962380,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AQM2IYFU,2015-01-02,William J. Daugherty,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:46:22Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/08850607.2014.962380,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985809686,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985809686,2015.0,2015.0,2014.0,,1.0 5239,Building Better Intelligence Frameworks Through Effective Governance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.924816,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ATBD35BL,2015-01-02,Patrick F. Walsh,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:45:48Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2014.924816,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998787007,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998787007,2016.0,2026.0,2014.0,,2.0 5240,Soft Spying: Leveraging Globalization as Proxy Military Rivalry,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.962377,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TXHSPG3X,2015-01-02,Matthew Crosston,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T13:45:34Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2014.962377,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090828559,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090828559,2016.0,2020.0,2014.0,,2.0 5241,Warning Analysis: Focusing on Perceptions of Vulnerability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.962354,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AAYZ5K37,2015-01-02,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-26T07:33:42Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2014.962354,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026784117,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026784117,2017.0,2025.0,2014.0,,3.0 5242,The Role of the Intelligence Community in Identifying Cooperative Opportunities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.924818,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8NWHQGS9,2014-12-01,Sean F. X. Barrett,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:47:49Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2014.924818,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042285268,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042285268,2019.0,2019.0,2014.0,,5.0 5243,From Profession to Discipline: The Development of Romanian Intelligence Studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.924817,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FLK9YRYL,2014-12-01,Cristian Barna,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:47:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850607.2014.924817,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067854241,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067854241,2021.0,2024.0,2014.0,,7.0 5244,The Catastrophe Method: Using Intolerable Consequences to Detect Concealed Threats,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.900297,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K8LLY4YN,2014-12-01,Gary L. Oleson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:46:46Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2014.900297,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018657202,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 5245,Assessing an Ally and Potential Enemy: U.S. Estimates of Soviet War Potential During World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.924813,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F2N9Q9LA,2014-12-01,Martin Kahn,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:45:33Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2014.924813,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973932815,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 5246,U.S. Strategic Intelligence Forecasting and the Perils of Prediction,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.924810,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/49J5ZZ5M,2014-12-01,Bowman H. Miller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:45:03Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2014.924810,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023852296,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023852296,2015.0,2026.0,2014.0,,1.0 5247,Strange Bedfellows: The Stasi and the Terrorists,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.924809,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IDKY9UEJ,2014-12-01,Marian K. Leighton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:44:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2014.924809,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978137822,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978137822,2015.0,2025.0,2014.0,,1.0 5248,The Kaleva Incident and Code Expert Antheil,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.872536,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9BKD7ABU,2014-09-01,Jukka Rislakki,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:42:50Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850607.2014.872536,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988129064,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 5249,Building an Intelligence Culture From Within: The SRI and Romanian Society,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.900298,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YC3P7STK,2014-09-01,Irena Dumitru,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:42:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.1080/08850607.2014.900298,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021393511,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021393511,2017.0,2025.0,2014.0,,3.0 5250,Overlord/Bodyguard: Intelligence Failure through Adversary Deception,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.872537,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GIFIY4D2,2014-09-01,Timothy J. Smith,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:41:47Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2014.872537,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968839720,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968839720,2018.0,2023.0,2014.0,,4.0 5251,OSINT: A “Grey Zone”?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.900295,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CWNFGK28,2014-09-01,"Gašper Hribar, Iztok Podbregar, Teodora Ivanuša",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:41:32Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850607.2014.900295,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2076773317,42.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076773317,2015.0,2026.0,2014.0,,1.0 5252,Communication Patterns between the Briefer and the Policymaker,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.872534,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/63HYL4AM,2014-09-01,Adrian Wolfberg,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:41:21Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850607.2014.872534,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020819632,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020819632,2016.0,2025.0,2014.0,,2.0 5253,Cyber Actions by State Actors: Motivation and Utility,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.900291,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8QNZH29W,2014-09-01,Aaron F. Brantly,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:40:46Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2014.900291,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031789908,26.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031789908,2019.0,2025.0,2014.0,https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/2561c6d2-c3d4-435e-aa49-932ea6f463b3/download,5.0 5254,"Open Source Information and the Office of Naval Intelligence in Japan, 1905–1920",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842812,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7PT83RRX,2014-06-01,Eric Setzekorn,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:39:54Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'LXMU5UXP', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/08850607.2014.842812,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026514771,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026514771,2020.0,2020.0,2014.0,,6.0 5255,Leadership of the U.S. Intelligence Community: From DCI to DNI,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.872533,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8K588NBG,2014-06-01,Richard A. Best Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:39:24Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2014.872533,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051424973,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051424973,2014.0,2025.0,2014.0,,0.0 5256,The Arab Spring's Impact on Egypt's Securitocracy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.872531,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QNYMPQME,2014-06-01,Juha P. Mäkelä,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:38:41Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2014.872531,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002130376,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002130376,2014.0,2024.0,2014.0,,0.0 5257,The Assassination of Anwar al-Sadat: An Intelligence Failure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842811,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H3G9XBHW,2014-03-01,"Ephraim Kahana, Sagit Stivi-Kerbis",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:38:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2014.842811,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965993107,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965993107,2024.0,2024.0,2013.0,,11.0 5258,Using Enhanced Analytic Techniques for Threat Analysis: A Case Study Illustration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842810,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D25698GX,2014-03-01,Karl Spielmann,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:37:55Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2014.842810,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999823860,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999823860,2016.0,2016.0,2013.0,,3.0 5259,Enduring Inefficiencies in Counterintelligence by Reducing Type I and Type II Errors Through Parallel Systems: A Principal-Agent Typology,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842809,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5MNMHVFE,2014-03-01,Donald J. Calista,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:37:38Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2014.842809,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2052613482,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052613482,2024.0,2024.0,2013.0,,11.0 5260,Toward an Updated Understanding of Espionage Motivation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842805,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WUZHM5IR,2014-03-01,Terence J. Thompson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:36:59Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850607.2014.842805,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980545282,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980545282,2016.0,2025.0,2013.0,,3.0 5261,The Paradox of Open Source: An Interview with Douglas J. Naquin,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842797,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QQTGLA9Y,2014-03-01,Hamilton Bean,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:36:45Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850607.2014.842797,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048679926,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048679926,2014.0,2025.0,2013.0,,1.0 5262,The Revolution in Intelligence Affairs: 1989–2003,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842796,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZNXZJ5R6,2014-03-01,Eric Denécé,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:36:32Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2014.842796,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973561441,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973561441,2017.0,2024.0,2013.0,,4.0 5263,The Opening of the State Security Archives of Central and Eastern Europe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842794,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TBLDAQLB,2014-03-01,Paul Maddrell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:36:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/08850607.2014.842794,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989108040,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989108040,2018.0,2018.0,2013.0,https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34147,5.0 5264,Introducing RESINT: A Missing and Undervalued “INT” in All-Source Intelligence Efforts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.807196,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AQLTZZ8W,2013-12-01,Adam D. M. Svendsen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:35:41Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2013.807196,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055582343,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055582343,2015.0,2022.0,2013.0,,2.0 5265,Moving U.S. Academic Intelligence Education Forward: A Literature Inventory and Agenda,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.807194,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7FLQSCKE,2013-12-01,Michael Landon-Murray,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:35:13Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2013.807194,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970448080,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970448080,2015.0,2023.0,2013.0,,2.0 5266,Radical Apocalypticism and Iranian Nuclear Proliferation: A Systems Oriented Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.807191,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NDQ4QQP6,2013-12-01,"Frances Flannery, Michael L. Deaton, Timothy R. Walton",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:34:52Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2013.807191,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983320720,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983320720,2016.0,2024.0,2013.0,,3.0 5267,Sharing Secrets: A Game Theoretic Analysis of International Intelligence Cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.807189,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PJC2QQLW,2013-12-01,"Don Munton, Karima Fredj",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:34:37Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2013.807189,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2147708265,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2147708265,2014.0,2026.0,2013.0,,1.0 5268,The Motley of Intelligence Analysis: Getting over the Idea of a Professional Model,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.807188,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L3SXTGB5,2013-12-01,Matthew Herbert,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:34:21Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2013.807188,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013818676,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013818676,2015.0,2022.0,2013.0,,2.0 5269,Intelligence Analysis as Practiced by the CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.807186,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GVW94F99,2013-12-01,James M. Simon Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:34:07Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2013.807186,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095183448,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095183448,2016.0,2024.0,2013.0,,3.0 5270,Crafting Operational Counterintelligence Strategy: A Guide for Managers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.780560,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DJCNLYS5,2013-09-01,"Michael D. Stouder, Scott Gallagher",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:33:42Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2013.780560,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060946157,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060946157,2014.0,2024.0,2013.0,,1.0 5271,Indications and Warning in an Age of Uncertainty,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.780558,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AHYPQJJ6,2013-09-01,James J. Wirtz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:33:04Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/08850607.2013.780558,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045274905,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045274905,2014.0,2026.0,2013.0,,1.0 5272,Is Everything Personal?: Political Leaders and Intelligence Organizations: A Typology,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.780556,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5P5PXB2M,2013-09-01,"Amit Steinhart, Kiril Avramov",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:32:47Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850607.2013.780556,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2335471535,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2335471535,2024.0,2024.0,2013.0,,11.0 5273,"True or False Warning? The United Nations and Threats to Namibia's Independence, 1989",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.780555,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QCBETD7F,2013-09-01,"A. Walter Dorn, Robert Pauk, Emily Cope Burton",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:32:29Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/08850607.2013.780555,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980768025,0.0,False,,,,2013.0,, 5274,To Render or Intern: Counterterrorism Methods of the FBI SIS and CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.780553,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CSDNHD45,2013-09-01,Peter C. Courtney,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:32:09Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850607.2013.780553,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010932288,0.0,False,,,,2013.0,, 5275,Cyber-Threats to Critical National Infrastructure: An Intelligence Challenge,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.780552,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J2SKHX5E,2013-09-01,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:31:53Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2013.780552,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974947015,71.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974947015,2014.0,2026.0,2013.0,,1.0 5276,Religion and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.732451,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CM5G4I4K,2013-06-01,John D. Stempel,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:31:21Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2013.732451,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080843384,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080843384,2017.0,2017.0,2013.0,,4.0 5277,The Politicization of Intelligence: A Comparative Study,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.758000,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MEMCJSY7,2013-06-01,Uri Bar-Joseph,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T18:59:44Z,['CGAXYI88'],10.1080/08850607.2013.758000,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993859989,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993859989,2016.0,2026.0,2013.0,,3.0 5278,Academics as Strategic Stakeholders of Intelligence Organizations: A View from Spain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.757997,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AZQD6J2K,2013-06-01,Rubén Arcos,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:30:37Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2013.757997,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030805758,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030805758,2014.0,2024.0,2013.0,,1.0 5279,"Realism, Constructivism, and Intelligence Analysis",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.732450,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HIG89Y6R,2013-06-01,Ralf G. V. Lillbacka,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:30:20Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2013.732450,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972702640,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972702640,2018.0,2025.0,2013.0,,5.0 5280,"Combating Illegal Immigration, Terrorism, and Organized Crime in Greece and Italy",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.732444,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HGYYSJHG,2013-06-01,John M. Nomikos,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:30:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2013.732444,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992393425,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992393425,2015.0,2019.0,2013.0,,2.0 5281,The Use of Intelligence in the Private Sector,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.732448,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M6XSUKTG,2013-06-01,Gustavo Díaz Matey,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:29:49Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2013.732448,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999108194,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999108194,2016.0,2025.0,2013.0,,3.0 5282,Consolidating Democracy: The Reform of Mongolian Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.757995,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I4CU2TI5,2013-06-01,"Jargalsaikhan Mendee, Adiya Tuvshintugs",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:29:12Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2013.757995,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082309845,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082309845,2013.0,2021.0,2013.0,,0.0 5283,Truth and Mirage: The Cuba-Venezuela Security and Intelligence Alliance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.758003,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LZDELMFF,2013-06-01,Kevin Ginter,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:28:46Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2013.758003,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090685063,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090685063,2014.0,2022.0,2013.0,,1.0 5284,What is Being Published in Intelligence? A Study of Two Scholarly Journals,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.705564,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TA2WNESV,2013-03-01,Miron Varouhakis,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:28:24Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2012.705564,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041028710,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041028710,2013.0,2023.0,2012.0,,1.0 5285,Subversion of Social Movements by Adversarial Agents,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.732445,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9HEFRTYX,2013-03-01,Eric L. Nelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:28:02Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2013.732445,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091330159,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091330159,2015.0,2015.0,2012.0,,3.0 5286,Intelligence Analysis as a Manifestation of a Grounded Theory,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.705659,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HGGJ234I,2013-03-01,Eran Zohar,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:27:36Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2012.705659,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2009653878,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009653878,2016.0,2024.0,2012.0,,4.0 5287,Slovenia's Intelligence Oversight and Audit Experience,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.732442,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V2R4VC87,2013-03-01,"Mojca Ferjančič Podbregar, Andrej Anžič, Iztok Podbregar",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:27:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850607.2013.732442,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965922096,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965922096,2022.0,2022.0,2012.0,,10.0 5288,A Disputation on Intelligence Reform and Analysis: My 18 Theses,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.732435,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QKR65KWX,2013-03-01,Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:26:20Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2013.732435,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2000691010,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2000691010,2014.0,2025.0,2012.0,,2.0 5289,"Reagan, Intelligence, Casey, and the CIA: A Reappraisal",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2013.732432,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NSANJW2L,2013-03-01,Nicholas Dujmovic,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:26:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2013.732432,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981710396,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981710396,2016.0,2026.0,2012.0,,4.0 5290,"The Battle of Stalingrad, Biological Weapons, and the Expert Witness: Challenging Single-Source Evidence in Intelligence Studies",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.705712,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2NKRG8E5,2012-12-01,Mark Wilkinson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:25:38Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850607.2012.705712,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995909122,0.0,False,,,,2012.0,, 5291,A Curator Approach to Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.678698,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KE5B43CS,2012-12-01,Phil Nolan,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:25:04Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2012.678698,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027685057,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027685057,2013.0,2021.0,2012.0,,1.0 5292,"Intelligence Analysis in Romania's SRI: The Critical “Ps”—People, Processes, Products",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.678714,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HBPI2DVM,2012-12-01,"Mihaela Matei, Ionel Niţu",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:24:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2012.678714,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974181989,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974181989,2013.0,2020.0,2012.0,,1.0 5293,Assessing Western Perspectives on Chinese Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.678745,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3HHQ4PWW,2012-12-01,Peter L. Mattis,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:23:50Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2012.678745,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2144404635,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2144404635,2014.0,2025.0,2012.0,,2.0 5294,Intelligence Secrets and Unauthorized Disclosures: Confronting Some Fundamental Issues,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.705184,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YXEJGRJG,2012-12-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:23:36Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],10.1080/08850607.2012.705184,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056642870,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056642870,2014.0,2023.0,2012.0,,2.0 5295,"Lithuania, the CIA, and Intelligence Reform",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.678692,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9E6UJVEM,2012-09-01,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:23:00Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2012.678692,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975912651,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975912651,2022.0,2025.0,2012.0,,10.0 5296,Understanding the Non-Linear Event: A Framework for Complex Systems Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.678687,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CQ49UH64,2012-09-01,"Sarah Miller Beebe, George S. Beebe",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:22:21Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2012.678687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2134774266,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2134774266,2017.0,2023.0,2012.0,,5.0 5297,Sabotage at Black Tom Island: A Wake-Up Call for America,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.623012,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CF9C82YW,2012-03-01,Stephen Irving Max Schwab,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:21:39Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/08850607.2012.623012,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027889691,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027889691,2015.0,2015.0,2012.0,,3.0 5298,"The Sad Tale of Fred Rose, Stalin's Man in the True North",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.623015,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LTF3YZL9,2012-03-01,David Levy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:20:56Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850607.2012.623015,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971997909,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971997909,2015.0,2015.0,2012.0,,3.0 5299,The Revolution Begins on Page Five: The Changing Nature of NIEs,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.652548,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E89A7DDZ,2012-03-01,Kristan J. Wheaton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:20:39Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2012.652548,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2104434099,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2104434099,2015.0,2024.0,2012.0,,3.0 5300,The 2007 U.S. NIE on Iran's Nuclear Program: A Colossal Failure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.623017,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IDSSZ3JG,2012-03-01,"Dany Shoham, Raphael Ofek",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:20:19Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850607.2012.623017,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971064514,0.0,False,,,,2012.0,, 5301,Neutralizing China's Student-Spy Network,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.623037,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7NADBH97,2012-03-01,John Poreba,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:20:04Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2012.623037,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2168130675,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2168130675,2020.0,2020.0,2012.0,,8.0 5302,Managing Change: The Romanian Intelligence Service in the 21st Century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.652525,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LH8NC7C5,2012-03-01,George Cristian Maior,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:19:06Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2012.652525,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015058195,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015058195,2013.0,2020.0,2012.0,,1.0 5303,Portugal's Intelligence Evolution in the Post-9/11 World,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.622700,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NT4NX6SH,2012-03-01,Maria do Céu Pinto,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:18:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2012.622700,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083669681,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083669681,2015.0,2021.0,2011.0,,4.0 5304,Breaking the Rules: The CIA and Counterinsurgency in the Congo 1964–1965,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.623018,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VQ8RNDYU,2012-03-01,Jeffrey H. Michaels,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:18:35Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850607.2012.623018,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2333335556,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2333335556,2017.0,2020.0,2011.0,,6.0 5305,Planning and Strategy in Reforming Romania's SRI,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.623031,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IZSTIT45,2012-03-01,"Niculae Iancu, Gabriela Tranciuc",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:18:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2012.623031,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968115568,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968115568,2026.0,2026.0,2011.0,,15.0 5306,Soviet Military Counterintelligence from 1918 to 1939,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.622704,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G264GVKS,2012-03-01,Vadim J. Birstein,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:17:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/08850607.2012.622704,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999855724,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999855724,2015.0,2015.0,2011.0,,4.0 5307,Strengthening Intelligence Threat Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.623035,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R2RYBZSI,2012-03-01,Karl Spielmann,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:17:38Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2012.623035,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041071169,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041071169,2013.0,2024.0,2011.0,,2.0 5308,The Challenges Facing an IC Epistemologist-in-Residence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.598816,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CU2BRJGN,2011-12-01,Christopher Dreisbach,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:17:05Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2011.598816,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971712798,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971712798,2022.0,2022.0,2011.0,,11.0 5309,Intelligence Producer–Consumer Relations in the Electronic Era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.598812,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SFFQ84GS,2011-12-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:16:35Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2011.598812,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080940108,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080940108,2013.0,2025.0,2011.0,,2.0 5310,The Intelligence Officer Training Corps: An ROTC-Style Program for the IC,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.598806,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DM9EJ52B,2011-12-01,Carl J. Jensen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:16:15Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2011.598806,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965052553,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965052553,2013.0,2019.0,2011.0,,2.0 5311,"The Dilemmas of Linking Romanian Intelligence, Universities, and Think Tanks",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.598790,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GVDXJ8N8,2011-12-01,"Valentin Fernand Filip, Remus Ioan Ştefureac",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:15:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850607.2011.598790,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2107130262,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2107130262,2017.0,2020.0,2011.0,,6.0 5312,"The Czech Experience With Intelligence Reforms, 1993–2010",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.598785,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M832QXDK,2011-12-01,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:14:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2011.598785,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001478974,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001478974,2014.0,2019.0,2011.0,,3.0 5313,The Roots of Analytic Failures in the U.S. Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.598779,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/75IFGSZP,2011-12-01,Christina Shelton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:14:17Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/08850607.2011.598779,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085817381,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085817381,2015.0,2025.0,2011.0,,4.0 5314,The Basque Secret Service (1936–1945),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.548220,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SVIM8TPR,2011-09-01,"Zigor Ibernia Belamendia, Antonio M. Díaz Fernández",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:12:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2011.548220,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084419787,0.0,False,,,,2011.0,, 5315,Understanding Intelligence Community Innovation in the Post-9/11 World,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.568295,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3IIBYKJM,2011-09-01,Lars D. Nicander,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:11:51Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2011.568295,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054719391,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054719391,2015.0,2025.0,2011.0,,4.0 5316,"Active Measures Gone Awry: Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, 1989–1992",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.568292,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3URWE7QK,2011-09-01,Marek Jan Chodakiewicz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:11:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2011.568292,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973014222,0.0,False,,,,2011.0,, 5317,The Russian 10 … 11: An Inconsequential Adventure?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.568290,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RAVTJYYP,2011-09-01,"Stéphane Lefebvre, Holly Porteous",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:10:45Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2011.568290,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038484572,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2038484572,2013.0,2022.0,2011.0,,2.0 5318,Twilight of Britain's Joint Intelligence Committee?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.568288,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S8CSHKAD,2011-09-01,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:10:20Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2011.568288,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972602327,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972602327,2012.0,2022.0,2011.0,,1.0 5319,Andropov's Counterintelligence State,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050129718,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UKVKFZ23,2000-04-01,Robert W. Pringle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T09:20:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850600050129718,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015610899,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015610899,2016.0,2025.0,2000.0,,16.0 5320,"Secret Agent 666: Aleister Crowley and British Intelligence in America, 1914-1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050140634,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QDDD6PX6,2000-10-01,Richard B. Spence,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-12T23:23:00Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/08850600050140634,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2076831436,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076831436,2012.0,2020.0,2000.0,,12.0 5321,"""CNN with Secrets:"" 9/11, the CIA, and the Organizational Roots of Failure",Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850600600888581,"The Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA's) 2000 Malaysia tracking failure, an intelligence breakdown directly connected to 9/11, is used to illustrate the CIA's organizational deficiencies. It is contended that the CIA suffers from (1) long-standing structural weaknesses that denied intelligence community coherence; (2) perverse promotion incentives that encouraged incorrect actions & attitudes; & cultural pathologies manifest in parochialism, resistance to change, & the overriding importance of security, ie, ""need to know."" In light of these organizational problems, Malaysia tracking failure is evaluated in terms of eleven missed opportunities in the areas of watchlisting, information sharing, & analysis. Criticisms centered on the vast amount of information that intelligence analysts must grapple with, ie, the signal-to-noise ratio, are rejected. Attention is then given to how organizational deficiencies fundamentally, if less apparently, undermined the CIA's ability to prevent the 9/11 attacks by crippling the agency's capacity to generate more disruption opportunities; long-term human intelligence collection efforts & strategic analysis capabilities critical to ""collecting the dots"" & ""connecting the dots"" early on were weakened. D. Edelman",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZVIWRR3D,2007,Amy B. Zegart,Taylor and Francis,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850600600888581,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2088123765,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2088123765,2015.0,2025.0,2006.0,,9.0 5322,Intelligence: The Loss of Innocence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802487018,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UA8NIEUY,2009-01-02,"Matthew C. Pritchard, Michael S. Goodman",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-12-26T19:15:27Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/08850600802487018,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001506258,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001506258,2012.0,2023.0,2008.0,,4.0 5323,Teaching Strategic Intelligence Through Games,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2011.548217,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WJHI8WR5,2011-03-07,Kristan J. Wheaton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:09:24Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850607.2011.548217,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044604965,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044604965,2013.0,2025.0,2011.0,,2.0 5324,Spy Dust and Ghost Surveillance: How the KGB Spooked the CIA and Hid Aldrich Ames in Plain Sight,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2011.548205,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X2GKRD37,2011-03-07,Benjamin B. Fischer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:08:34Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2011.548205,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021074470,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021074470,2013.0,2023.0,2011.0,,2.0 5325,Dagestan: Moscow's Risk Versus Gain,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2011.519249,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/23JWCEM7,2011-03-07,Steffany A. Trofino,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:08:19Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2011.519249,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968514795,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968514795,2015.0,2015.0,2011.0,,4.0 5326,"Secrecy, Censorship, and Beltway Books: The CIA's Publications Review Board",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2011.519241,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2QYDIQHN,2011-03-07,"Christopher R. Moran, Simon D. Willmetts",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:08:06Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/08850607.2011.519241,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972478796,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972478796,2020.0,2020.0,2011.0,,9.0 5327,Collecting Cultural Intelligence: The Tactical Value of Cultural Property,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2011.519247,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4QNK7S52,2011-03-07,Erik Nemeth,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:07:48Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2011.519247,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018879257,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018879257,2012.0,2025.0,2011.0,,1.0 5328,"John Franklin Carter: Journalist, FDR's Secret Investigator, Soviet Agent?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2010.501710,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CYKIWPYW,2011-01-02,Gene A. Coyle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:07:10Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850607.2010.501710,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969256163,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969256163,2012.0,2015.0,2010.0,,2.0 5329,Was Olof Palme Killed by an Intelligence Agency?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2010.501705,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IFH64HR8,2011-01-02,Ralf Lillbacka,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:06:48Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2010.501705,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975546833,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975546833,2016.0,2016.0,2010.0,,6.0 5330,The Office That Never Was: The Failed Creation of the National Applications Office,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.519229,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GPRN5GVL,2011-01-02,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:05:51Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2011.519229,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077837163,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077837163,2021.0,2022.0,2010.0,,11.0 5331,The Impact of CIA's Organizational Culture on Its Estimates Under William Casey,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2010.501651,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VP7JMW5B,2011-01-02,Or Arthur Honig,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:05:28Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/08850607.2010.501651,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094717589,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094717589,2016.0,2016.0,2010.0,,6.0 5332,Nuclear Intelligence and North–South Politics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2010.519216,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GSXNHBWK,2011-01-02,Tanya Ogilvie-White,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:05:08Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850607.2010.519216,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2154768919,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 5333,The Professional Ethics of Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.519222,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DT58BDVH,2011-01-02,Uri Bar-Joseph,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:04:55Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850607.2011.519222,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982195731,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982195731,2012.0,2026.0,2010.0,,2.0 5334,The Rosenberg Ring's Continued Impact,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2010.501682,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6QAF2VBL,2010-08-31,Steven Usdin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:04:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850607.2010.501682,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1986385464,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 5335,The Development of Intelligence Studies in Spain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850601003781027,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4HNN5IVJ,2010-08-31,Gustavo Díaz Matey,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T23:04:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850601003781027,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013980792,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013980792,2014.0,2023.0,2010.0,,4.0 5336,Jordanian Intelligence Under the Rule of King Abdullah I (1921–1951),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850601003780896,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3JEB6YA6,2010-08-31,Ronen Yitzhak,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:57:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850601003780896,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079239674,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079239674,2016.0,2017.0,2010.0,,6.0 5337,The CIA and Tolkachev vs. the KGB/SVR and Ames: A Comparison,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2010.501668,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HPCYXXK4,2010-08-31,Joseph W. Wippl,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:57:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2010.501668,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064205654,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064205654,2023.0,2025.0,2010.0,,13.0 5338,The CMO in the CIA's National Clandestine Service,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850601003781050,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/URCNIF8E,2010-06-08,"Joseph W. Wippl, Donna D'Andrea",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:56:18Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850601003781050,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2005944717,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2005944717,2012.0,2021.0,2010.0,,2.0 5339,Countering Nontraditional HUMINT Collection Threats,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850601003798807,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D3QQLMI5,2010-06-08,Aden C. Magee,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:55:50Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850601003798807,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975547531,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975547531,2014.0,2024.0,2010.0,,4.0 5340,Confronting Terrorism in Saudi Arabia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850601003780946,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L3KH2XIC,2010-06-08,Angela Gendron,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:55:32Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850601003780946,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1966205010,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1966205010,2013.0,2025.0,2010.0,,3.0 5341,“Renseignement”: The New French Intelligence Policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903565928,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G25H6ARK,2010-06-08,Philippe Hayez,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:55:15Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600903565928,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2009074378,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009074378,2013.0,2023.0,2010.0,,3.0 5342,Cognitive Predispositions and Intelligence Analyst Reasoning,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850601003772802,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VI2P7INC,2010-06-08,Colin A. Wastell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:54:22Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850601003772802,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094061416,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094061416,2012.0,2026.0,2010.0,,2.0 5343,The Effect of Intelligence on the Decisionmaking Process,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850601003772687,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9YUIRZ2C,2010-06-08,Ohad Leslau,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:53:55Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850601003772687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006836883,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006836883,2013.0,2026.0,2010.0,,3.0 5344,FIDO: French Pilot and Security Service Double Agent Malgré Lui,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903348879,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7KSF9SC5,2010-02-26,François Grosjean,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:53:15Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850600903348879,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044410167,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044410167,2014.0,2020.0,2010.0,,4.0 5345,Designing Effective Teaching and Learning Environments for a New Generation of Analysts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903347418,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z8JE52AX,2010-02-26,James G. Breckenridge,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:51:15Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850600903347418,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003366864,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003366864,2012.0,2023.0,2010.0,,2.0 5346,Beyond Analytic Tradecraft,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903566124,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XNVR7AAM,2010-02-26,Roger Zane George,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:50:52Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600903566124,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973110151,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973110151,2012.0,2024.0,2010.0,,2.0 5347,Canada's Legal Framework for Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903347137,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6UTIPFBI,2010-02-26,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:50:27Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600903347137,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2022660783,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022660783,2012.0,2020.0,2010.0,,2.0 5348,Hizbullah: An Organizational and Operational Profile,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903565654,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2M522QTJ,2010-02-26,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:50:05Z,['EJW4BLAR'],10.1080/08850600903565654,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018492691,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018492691,2012.0,2023.0,2010.0,,2.0 5349,The Need for a New Intelligence Paradigm,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903565589,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F394EJZF,2010-02-26,William J. Lahneman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:49:51Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600903565589,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2129951620,43.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2129951620,2012.0,2026.0,2010.0,,2.0 5350,Pseudo-Wisdom and Intelligence Failures,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903347798,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4U8IUYQA,2010-01-02,"Tamas Meszerics, Levente Littvay",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:49:04Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/08850600903347798,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011003962,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011003962,2015.0,2019.0,2009.0,,6.0 5351,Intelligence Estimates: NIEs vs. the Open Press in the 1958 China Straits Crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903143221,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V32NHYLY,2010-01-02,Glenn P. Hastedt,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:48:46Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850600903143221,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060043765,0.0,False,,,,2009.0,, 5352,The PFIAB Personality: Presidents and Their Foreign Intelligence Boards,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903143197,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WMUVFJDT,2010-01-02,Cynthia M. Nolan,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:47:56Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600903143197,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045576140,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045576140,2015.0,2015.0,2009.0,,6.0 5353,Escaping the New Wilderness of Mirrors,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903143338,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6Q7M6ZH9,2009-09-04,G. Murphy Donovan,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:47:10Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600903143338,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016744197,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2016744197,2016.0,2016.0,2009.0,,7.0 5354,"Secrecy, Security, and Sex: The NSA, Congress, and the Martin–Mitchell Defections",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903143320,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YL9QGNGF,2009-09-04,David M. Barrett,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:46:45Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850600903143320,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021197863,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021197863,2020.0,2023.0,2009.0,,11.0 5355,The Legal Framework for Intelligence in Post-Communist Romania,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903143205,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VJLB3QK5,2009-09-04,Florina Cristiana (Cris) Matei,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:46:15Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600903143205,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2047667155,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2047667155,2012.0,2024.0,2009.0,,3.0 5356,The PRC's Compromise of U.S. Government Information and Technologies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903143189,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SKNG5PZ8,2009-09-04,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:45:56Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600903143189,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2062539096,0.0,False,,,,2009.0,, 5357,The Devil is in the Details: The Legal Profession as a Model for Authentic Dissent,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903143130,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZHIPY3QK,2009-09-04,Robin V. Spivey,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:45:34Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600903143130,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060691072,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060691072,2018.0,2021.0,2009.0,,9.0 5358,Evaluating Intelligence: Answering Questions Asked and Not,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903143122,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EBXH4WEC,2009-09-04,Kristan J. Wheaton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:44:40Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600903143122,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013306665,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013306665,2012.0,2024.0,2009.0,,3.0 5359,Contractors and Intelligence: The Private Sector in the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903143106,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9N8ZU46E,2009-09-04,Glenn J. Voelz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:44:04Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'R2V36RN8']",10.1080/08850600903143106,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069217099,34.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069217099,2012.0,2026.0,2009.0,,3.0 5360,Home Time: A New Paradigm for Domestic Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600902896902,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HRV4SCFB,2009-09-04,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:43:39Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600902896902,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996088955,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996088955,2015.0,2023.0,2009.0,,6.0 5361,Facing Iran's Ongoing Nuclearization: A Retrospective on Project Daniel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600902896977,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DEJ63I7P,2009-06-01,Louis René Beres,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:43:17Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600902896977,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072206279,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072206279,,,2009.0,, 5362,Balkan Intrigue: German Intelligence and Kosovo,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600902896936,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BMNBL7EQ,2009-06-01,Ben Lombardi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:43:01Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600902896936,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2088602241,0.0,False,,,,2009.0,, 5363,Taming a “Dysfunctional Beast”—Reform in Colombia's Departamento Administrativo de Securidad,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600902896910,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5N3TQV89,2009-06-01,Douglas Porch,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:42:30Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600902896910,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075161878,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075161878,2016.0,2021.0,2009.0,,7.0 5364,Missing From U.S. Intelligence Analysis: The Concept of “Total U.S.”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600902897009,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8LHB4CZP,2009-06-01,Carole A. Foryst,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:42:10Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600902897009,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008502980,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008502980,2014.0,2015.0,2009.0,,5.0 5365,Improving Futures Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600902896894,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PSNSJDRS,2009-06-01,David G. Muller Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:41:54Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600902896894,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051863171,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051863171,2015.0,2026.0,2009.0,,6.0 5366,The Intelligence Time Event Horizon,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600902896860,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X7TBWQPA,2009-06-01,Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:41:38Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600902896860,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994025865,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994025865,2017.0,2020.0,2009.0,,8.0 5367,Truth in Intelligence: A Cautionary Tale,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802698267,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I8A9DPAW,2009-03-10,Michael Douglas Smith,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:41:02Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600802698267,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2022953302,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022953302,2017.0,2017.0,2009.0,,8.0 5368,Assessing the Rationality of Autocrats: The Case of Saddam Hussein,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802698234,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CZHAGQVY,2009-03-10,"Ofira Seliktar, Lee E. Dutter",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:40:40Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600802698234,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095171609,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095171609,2016.0,2019.0,2009.0,,7.0 5369,Failing Intelligence: U.S. Intelligence in the Age of Transnational Threats,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802698192,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLAQRM8Z,2009-03-10,Paul Maddrell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:39:24Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600802698192,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019413849,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019413849,2015.0,2015.0,2009.0,,6.0 5370,Training and Educating U.S. Intelligence Analysts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802486986,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CLAWG4M7,2009-01-02,Stephen Marrin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:38:18Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850600802486986,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010111862,53.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010111862,2012.0,2025.0,2008.0,,4.0 5371,Intelligence Studies in Higher Education: Capacity-Building to Meet Societal Demand,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802486960,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZGHFCERP,2009-01-02,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:38:02Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850600802486960,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020294470,34.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020294470,2012.0,2026.0,2008.0,,4.0 5372,Creating Intelligence: Information Operations in Iraq,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802486937,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VPIBSPVC,2009-01-02,Glen M. Segell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:37:48Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600802486937,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970901192,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970901192,2012.0,2022.0,2008.0,,4.0 5373,Another Frontier to Fight: International Terrorism and Islamic Fundamentalism in North Africa,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802254822,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXEX4844,2009-01-02,"John M. Nomikos, Aya Burweila",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:37:33Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600802254822,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056341040,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056341040,2013.0,2025.0,2008.0,,5.0 5374,"A Mexico–U.S. Security Community? Intelligence Without Policy, Policy Without Intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802486911,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VURGKNWV,2009-01-02,Imtiaz Hussain,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:37:15Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850600802486911,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2040188144,0.0,False,,,,2008.0,, 5375,Poisoned Chalice: Intelligence Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802486879,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PHMHKPJU,2009-01-02,Shlomo Shpiro,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:36:59Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600802486879,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2022878506,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022878506,2015.0,2025.0,2008.0,,7.0 5376,"Rafael Quintero, Cold War Warrior: From the Bay of Pigs to Iran—Contra",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854433,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TUPGDWAD,2008-09-08,Don Bohning,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:36:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600701854433,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2049772904,0.0,False,,,,2008.0,, 5377,"On Assassination, Preemption, and Counterterrorism: The View from International Law",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802046962,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2HRSJIFW,2008-09-08,Louis René Beres,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:36:00Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850600802046962,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020709575,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020709575,2014.0,2014.0,2008.0,,6.0 5378,Critical Thinking in Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802254749,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3HRWTZV6,2008-09-08,Noel Hendrickson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:35:47Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600802254749,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989747150,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989747150,2012.0,2024.0,2008.0,,4.0 5379,The Globalization of Intelligence Since 9/11: The Optimization of Intelligence Liaison Arrangements,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802254871,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LYZ6AK2P,2008-09-08,Adam D. M. Svendsen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:35:36Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600802254871,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968479745,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968479745,2013.0,2024.0,2008.0,,5.0 5380,Protecting Critical Energy Infrastructure Through Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802254533,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BZCFK9VZ,2008-09-08,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:34:55Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600802254533,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050077758,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050077758,2012.0,2024.0,2008.0,,4.0 5381,Spies (Look) Like Us: The Early Use of Business and Civilian Covers in Covert Operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701651268,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8QUVC58W,2008-05-19,Brian Champion,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:34:21Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850600701651268,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008285478,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008285478,2014.0,2024.0,2008.0,,6.0 5382,The Terrorist Threat: Existential or Exaggerated? A “Red Cell” Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854235,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4SH5A3PY,2008-05-19,George C. Fidas,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:34:01Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600701854235,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091667677,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091667677,2015.0,2026.0,2008.0,,7.0 5383,The Active Management of Uncertainty,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802046939,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IRIEDB6R,2008-05-19,Belinda Canton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:33:46Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600802046939,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2148817536,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2148817536,2012.0,2026.0,2008.0,,4.0 5384,Democracy and Effectiveness: Adapting Intelligence for the Fight Against Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854094,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4BX8ZK8V,2008-05-19,Thomas C. Bruneau,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:33:17Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600701854094,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2147765283,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2147765283,2012.0,2026.0,2008.0,,4.0 5385,American Intelligence After the 2008 Election 1,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802046814,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6FQNG583,2008-05-19,William M. Nolte,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:33:02Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600802046814,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965534988,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965534988,,,2008.0,, 5386,Improving All-Source Intelligence Analysis: Elevate Knowledge in the Equation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854417,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7QHJZUKM,2008-02-13,Bowman H. Miller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:32:07Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600701854417,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991247874,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991247874,2013.0,2026.0,2008.0,,5.0 5387,Systematic Analysis in Counterterrorism: Messages on an Islamist Internet-Forum,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854359,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IZN22ZYR,2008-02-13,"Marc A. Renfer, Henriette S. Haas",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:31:46Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600701854359,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2012758267,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012758267,2013.0,2025.0,2008.0,,5.0 5388,U.S. Intelligence Estimates of the Soviet Collapse: Reality and Perception,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854052,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PG9SGFNK,2008-02-13,Bruce D. Berkowitz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T22:31:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600701854052,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043514970,30.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043514970,2017.0,2025.0,2008.0,,9.0 5389,"“The Best Equipped Army in Asia”?: U.S. Military Intelligence and the Imperial Japanese Army before the Pacific War, 1919–1941",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701249857,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XRCQB4TX,2008-01-02,Douglas Ford,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:47:11Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850600701249857,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043567769,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043567769,2015.0,2019.0,2007.0,,8.0 5390,Communicating Uncertainty in Intelligence and Other Professions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701649312,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FU8BKLEY,2008-01-02,Charles Weiss,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:46:53Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850600701649312,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996412857,40.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996412857,2012.0,2025.0,2007.0,,5.0 5391,The Interrogation Policy of the Israeli General Security Service: Between Law and Politics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701649114,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AIIBT9V3,2008-01-02,Assaf Meydani,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:46:22Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600701649114,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082950787,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 5392,Terrorism Early Warning and Counterterrorism Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701648686,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/57SDLJLI,2008-01-02,"John P. Sullivan, James J. Wirtz",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:46:00Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850600701648686,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991039712,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991039712,2013.0,2025.0,2007.0,,6.0 5393,Technical Intelligence in Retrospect: The 2001 Anthrax Letters Powder,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600889027,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SLI5UXTB,2007-12-01,"Dany Shoham, Stuart M. Jacobsen",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:44:09Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600600889027,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066206500,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066206500,2012.0,2021.0,2006.0,,6.0 5394,"Terrorism, Media, and Intelligence in Greece: Capturing the 17 November Group",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600888896,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YYGLM2QW,2007-12-01,John M. Nomikos,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:43:34Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850600600888896,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2062049687,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2062049687,2013.0,2023.0,2006.0,,7.0 5395,America's Increased Vulnerability to Insider Espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600888698,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/88DMTXHW,2007-12-01,"Lisa A. Kramer, Richards J. Heuer Jr.",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:43:05Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850600600888698,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071409650,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071409650,2013.0,2024.0,2006.0,,7.0 5396,Is a Revolution in Intelligence Affairs Occurring?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600887492,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DS6E56ST,2007-12-01,William J. Lahneman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:42:29Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600600887492,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026620845,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026620845,2015.0,2024.0,2006.0,,9.0 5397,The Application of Social Bookmarking Technology to the National Intelligence Domain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701249808,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VJLEDXR6,2007-08-20,"Gary Ackerman, Molly James, Casey T. Getz",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:41:33Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600701249808,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011439552,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011439552,2014.0,2014.0,2007.0,,7.0 5398,Romania's Intelligence Community: From an Instrument of Dictatorship to Serving Democracy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701492762,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BPBP8LBG,2007-08-20,Florina Cristiana (Cris) Matei,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:40:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850600701492762,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021668265,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021668265,2012.0,2024.0,2007.0,,5.0 5399,The Case of Donald Keyser and Taiwan's National Security Bureau,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701249832,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DBQFGSTA,2007-05-21,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:39:52Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600701249832,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2012605700,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012605700,2018.0,2018.0,2007.0,,11.0 5400,Assessing al-Qaeda's Chemical Threat,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701249824,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SZI7YYZK,2007-05-21,René Pita,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:39:34Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600701249824,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090783448,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090783448,2013.0,2021.0,2007.0,,6.0 5401,"The Role, Organization, and Methods of MI5",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701249758,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7PJ9GX52,2007-05-21,Chris Northcott,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:39:00Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600701249758,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1977342278,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1977342278,2012.0,2018.0,2007.0,,5.0 5402,The Politics of Intelligence Postmortems: Cuba 1962–1963,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600601079982,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4EP949ER,2007-05-21,Max Holland,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:38:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600601079982,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2029538716,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2029538716,2015.0,2018.0,2007.0,,8.0 5403,"The Intelligence Assets of the United Nations: Sources, Methods, and Implications",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701249709,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4BVZ7HS5,2007-05-21,Bassey Ekpe,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:38:01Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600701249709,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083575618,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083575618,2014.0,2024.0,2007.0,,7.0 5404,The Italian Parliamentary Reports on the Mitrokhin Archive,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600601080014,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MINZKKS3,2007-02-19,Richard Drake,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:34:49Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600601080014,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082650573,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 5405,Intelligence Challenges in Tracking Terrorist Internet Fund Transfer Activities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600829833,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WDZBASA7,2007-02-19,Thomas Winston,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:34:33Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600600829833,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971813692,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971813692,2013.0,2023.0,2007.0,,6.0 5406,Vietnam: Lessons for Intelligence in Wartime,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600601079990,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ER3FJSTB,2007-02-19,Nancy E. Bird,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:34:15Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/08850600601079990,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041339405,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041339405,2012.0,2012.0,2007.0,,5.0 5407,The DNI's Open Source Center: An Organizational Communication Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600889100,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HLSISM88,2007-02-19,Hamilton Bean,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:33:49Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850600600889100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2137318660,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2137318660,2013.0,2025.0,2007.0,,6.0 5408,Strengthening the Shield: U.S. Homeland Security Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600601079925,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K38FDU76,2007-02-19,Michael W. Studeman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:33:28Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600601079925,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996552184,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996552184,2014.0,2021.0,2007.0,,7.0 5409,Assessment BASE: Simulating National Intelligence Assessment in a Graduate Course,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600829940,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RI26E3E8,2006-12-01,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:16:24Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850600600829940,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998033078,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998033078,2013.0,2024.0,2006.0,,7.0 5410,Reforming Congressional Oversight of U.S. Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483806,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S9AK8D4Y,2006-12-01,Matthew B. Walker,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:16:06Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850600500483806,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089583236,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089583236,2014.0,2025.0,2006.0,,8.0 5411,“Upstairs and Downstairs”—The Forgotten CIA Operations in Copenhagen,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483715,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6YI8QH46,2006-12-01,Peer Henrik Hansen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:15:49Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600500483715,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037731169,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037731169,2012.0,2022.0,2006.0,,6.0 5412,The Intelligence Analyst as Epistemologist,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600829890,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QR9AR3MD,2006-12-01,Matthew Herbert,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:15:30Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600600829890,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084876355,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084876355,2012.0,2024.0,2006.0,,6.0 5413,Improving Analysis: Dealing with Information Processing Errors,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600829858,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q6UF85DM,2006-12-01,R. Scott Rodgers,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:15:01Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600600829858,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2170484764,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2170484764,2013.0,2024.0,2006.0,,7.0 5414,Counternarcotics Operations within Counterinsurgency: The Pivotal Role of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600829783,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TZ5FMX9E,2006-12-01,Paul Rexton Kan,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:14:28Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600600829783,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996851144,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996851144,2017.0,2017.0,2006.0,,11.0 5415,Deception and Denial in Iraq: The Intelligent Adversary Corollary,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600829767,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CZV297KL,2006-12-01,Jonathan I. Katz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:14:14Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850600600829767,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978427779,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978427779,2015.0,2023.0,2006.0,,9.0 5416,General Lahousen and the Abwehr Resistance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483855,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IZJG2FSW,2006-06-01,Harry Carl Schaub,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:13:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850600500483855,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2087825875,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2087825875,2015.0,2022.0,2006.0,,9.0 5417,The Soviet–American War Scare of the 1980s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600656400,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8UH6VR99,2006-06-01,Benjamin B. Fischer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:12:43Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600600656400,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060744563,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060744563,2013.0,2025.0,2006.0,,7.0 5418,Protecting North America's Energy Infrastructure Against Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600656244,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZVP2GN45,2006-06-01,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:12:03Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600600656244,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032210800,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032210800,2012.0,2012.0,2006.0,,6.0 5419,The CDX: The Council of Ten and Intelligence in the Lion Republic,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500332516,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SU9VX67S,2006-05-01,Sean P. Winchell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:11:28Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/08850600500332516,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058104726,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2058104726,2012.0,2025.0,2006.0,,6.0 5420,Global Media Influence on the Operational Codes of Israel's Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500332383,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I5IAMH3X,2006-05-01,Yaron Katz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:10:57Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/08850600500332383,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039331108,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039331108,2013.0,2023.0,2006.0,,7.0 5421,U.S. Intelligence Reform: Problems and Prospects,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483780,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2YNICDPP,2006-05-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:10:40Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600500483780,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998786893,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998786893,2014.0,2022.0,2006.0,,8.0 5422,Sibling Rivalry: The Birth of the Post-War American Atomic Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483731,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DDJH2W2M,2006-05-01,Michael S. Goodman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:10:17Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600500483731,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059427591,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 5423,Australia's Intelligence and Passenger Assessment Programs,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483681,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y4EVM8XA,2006-05-01,Sergio Koc-Menard,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:09:47Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600500483681,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023206783,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023206783,2020.0,2020.0,2006.0,,14.0 5424,"Senator William E. Borah: Target of Soviet and Anti-Soviet Intrigue, 1922–1929",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590945461,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/URRXQD27,2006-01-01,Richard B. Spence,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:08:59Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/08850600590945461,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036084001,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036084001,,,2005.0,, 5425,"The U.S. Counterintelligence Corps and Czechoslovak Human Intelligence Operations, 1947–1972",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500177184,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GKN9YITM,2006-01-01,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:08:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850600500177184,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2097417205,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2097417205,2015.0,2015.0,2005.0,,10.0 5426,A Silent Debate: The Role of Intelligence in the UK Arms Trade,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500177176,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9YD2QPHX,2006-01-01,Robert M. Dover,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:08:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600500177176,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965078648,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965078648,2013.0,2022.0,2005.0,,8.0 5427,Establishing Democratic Control of Intelligence in Colombia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500177168,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TDD6I9YT,2006-01-01,Steven C. Boraz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:07:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850600500177168,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072004680,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072004680,2012.0,2026.0,2005.0,,7.0 5428,Using Financial Intelligence Against the Funding of Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500332359,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3TAFNMBU,2006-01-01,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:07:14Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600500332359,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026504386,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026504386,2013.0,2025.0,2005.0,,8.0 5429,The Propagation and Power of Communist Security Services Dezinformatsiya,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500332342,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D65H97FW,2006-01-01,Max Holland,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:06:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MQMHZUFD']",10.1080/08850600500332342,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2025072251,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2025072251,2015.0,2022.0,2005.0,,10.0 5430,The Myths and Current Reality of Espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500177200,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MYWI2XZQ,2005-12-01,Frederick P. Hitz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:05:48Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850600500177200,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991375920,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991375920,,,2005.0,, 5431,Targeting Terror: The Ethical and Practical Implications of Targeted Killing,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590945407,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R8W2F8V6,2005-12-01,"Eric Patterson, Teresa Casale",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:04:50Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850600590945407,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018517681,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018517681,2012.0,2018.0,2005.0,,7.0 5432,The Perils of Shallow Theory: Intelligence Reform and the 9/11 Commission,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500177119,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3VS3FBVM,2005-12-01,"Joshua Rovner, Austin Long",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:04:31Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600500177119,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965878462,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965878462,2012.0,2025.0,2005.0,,7.0 5433,Indications and Warning for Homeland Security: Seeking a New Paradigm,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500177101,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H6S7FS7Y,2005-12-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:04:15Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/08850600500177101,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1977360310,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1977360310,2012.0,2025.0,2005.0,,7.0 5434,Special Operations and the Intelligence System,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500177077,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6GQ5BSTR,2005-12-01,Lawrence E. Cline,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:04:02Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600500177077,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018673705,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018673705,2014.0,2024.0,2005.0,,9.0 5435,"The ALSOS Mission, 1943–1945: A Secret U.S. Scientific Intelligence Unit",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590911990,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BQZCU4JB,2005-10-01,John D. Hart,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:03:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850600590911990,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075474637,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075474637,2014.0,2018.0,2005.0,,9.0 5436,Colonel Edward Fox and the 1964 Bolivian Coup,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590945443,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YT8HDBMJ,2005-10-01,Robert O. Kirkland,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:03:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600590945443,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044201449,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044201449,2017.0,2025.0,2005.0,,12.0 5437,The GISES Model for Counteracting Organized Crime and International Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590945425,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IK52GS5E,2005-10-01,Peter R. J. Trim,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:02:50Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600590945425,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060115489,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060115489,2015.0,2024.0,2005.0,,10.0 5438,"Just War, Just Intelligence: An Ethical Framework for Foreign Espionage",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590945399,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/722FMSNC,2005-10-01,Angela Gendron,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:02:21Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850600590945399,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008093008,33.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008093008,2012.0,2025.0,2005.0,,7.0 5439,Intelligence Reform and the Politics of Entrenchment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590945380,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KQPPKW6I,2005-10-01,Michael A. Turner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:02:03Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850600590945380,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017675685,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017675685,2012.0,2022.0,2005.0,,7.0 5440,Covert Action: A Vital Option in U.S. National Security Policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590884810,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FSE4CBLH,2005-03-02,Andre Le Gallo,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T21:00:15Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850600590884810,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045172857,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045172857,2012.0,2012.0,2005.0,,7.0 5441,A Retrospective on John Masterman's The Double-Cross System,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590911972,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BQXE28WP,2005-03-02,John P. Campbell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:59:48Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850600590911972,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053162972,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053162972,2015.0,2016.0,2005.0,,10.0 5442,Churchill's Personal Spies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590911963,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GLM28S7V,2005-03-02,Earl M. Hyde,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:59:20Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850600590911963,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008771248,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008771248,2018.0,2018.0,2005.0,,13.0 5443,Sex Again: The Smith–Leung Spy Case,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590882164,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NAVQNPL7,2005-03-02,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:58:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600590882164,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079046032,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079046032,2020.0,2025.0,2005.0,,15.0 5444,The Impact of Religion on Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590882074,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6YCCWEUJ,2005-03-02,John D. Stempel,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:58:24Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600590882074,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2119338879,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2119338879,2016.0,2023.0,2005.0,,11.0 5445,Lifting the Arms Embargo on the Bosnian Muslims: Secret Diplomacy or Covert Action?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590911954,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JJDY4DH6,2005-03-02,D. Bruce Hicks,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:57:46Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850600590911954,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046214238,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046214238,2013.0,2018.0,2005.0,,8.0 5446,"Intelligence Methodologies Applicable to the Madrid Train Bombings, 2004",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590882119,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VPEQP9QW,2005-03-02,Glen M. Segell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:57:22Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600590882119,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975736752,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975736752,2020.0,2023.0,2005.0,,15.0 5447,Evaluating Intelligence: A Competency-Based Model 1,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590911945,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TWWIBNLI,2005-03-02,"David T. Moore, Lisa Krizan, Elizabeth J. Moore",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:56:39Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600590911945,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2014178521,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014178521,2013.0,2024.0,2005.0,,8.0 5448,A European Union Intelligence Service for Confronting Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590911936,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GWELKUSL,2005-03-02,John M. Nomikos,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:56:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850600590911936,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066506678,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066506678,2013.0,2025.0,2005.0,,8.0 5449,The IRA and the FARC in Colombia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590905753,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6NF6EMIT,2005-01-01,John F. Murphy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:55:20Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600590905753,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090402861,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090402861,2013.0,2021.0,2005.0,,8.0 5450,The Intelligence Services' Struggle Against al-Qaeda Propaganda,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590905663,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QZSJMRQR,2005-01-01,"Javier Jorda´, Manuel R. Torres, Nicola Horsburgh",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:54:42Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600590905663,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972361505,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972361505,2013.0,2024.0,2005.0,,8.0 5451,The UK's Not Quite So Secret Services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590882038,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IET89A5V,2005-01-01,Nigel West,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:54:23Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600590882038,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2111245146,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2111245146,2014.0,2025.0,2005.0,,9.0 5452,The Strange Demise of East German State Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590882010,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZJV37QRU,2005-01-01,Jefferson Adams,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:52:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600590882010,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045819021,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045819021,2020.0,2020.0,2005.0,,15.0 5453,Does the U.S. Intelligence Community Need a DNI?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490496515,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YWZ2RW3C,2004-12-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:51:10Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600490496515,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084645431,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084645431,2012.0,2022.0,2004.0,,8.0 5454,Preventing Intelligence Failures by Learning from the Past,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490496452,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZBKDAA6W,2004-12-01,Stephen Marrin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/08850600490496452,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074893422,46.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074893422,2013.0,2026.0,2004.0,,9.0 5455,Canada's Parliamentary Oversight of Security and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490496443,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7LV7LNKW,2004-12-01,Roy Rempel,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:50:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850600490496443,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2149398830,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2149398830,2012.0,2019.0,2004.0,,8.0 5456,Knowledge-Sharing in the Intelligence Community After 9/11,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490496425,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P25EJSIE,2004-12-01,William J. Lahneman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:49:47Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600490496425,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059355152,45.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059355152,2012.0,2025.0,2004.0,,8.0 5457,Quid Pro Quo: The Challenges of International Strategic Intelligence Cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490446736,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KZEP589Z,2004-12-01,Chris Clough,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:49:22Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600490446736,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077099729,42.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077099729,2012.0,2026.0,2004.0,,8.0 5458,Harsh Lessons: Roman Intelligence in the Hannibalic War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490252704,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CIY97IJ9,2004-09-01,Daniel A. Fourine,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-16T19:46:12Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/08850600490252704,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058679616,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2058679616,2013.0,2025.0,2004.0,,9.0 5459,"An Early “Year of Intelligence” CIA and Congress, 1958",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490489397,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5JX53QX3,2004-09-01,David M. Barrett,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:48:10Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850600490489397,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973556701,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973556701,2015.0,2015.0,2004.0,,11.0 5460,The Internal Modernization of the Greek Intelligence Service (NIS-EYP),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490446826,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZB2A4LWW,2004-09-01,John M. Nomikos,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:47:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850600490446826,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054715587,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054715587,2021.0,2021.0,2004.0,,17.0 5461,The Role of Operational Research in Counterterrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490446754,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ABXWZ2QF,2004-09-01,"Randy Borum, Robert Fein, Bryan Vossekuil, Michael Gelles, Scott Shumate",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:46:33Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600490446754,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1977226241,16.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1977226241,2012.0,2024.0,2004.0,https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/mhlp_facpub/324,8.0 5462,Fixing the Problem of Analytical Mind-Sets: Alternative Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490446727,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MACQBXF5,2004-09-01,Roger Z. George,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:45:49Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600490446727,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2264140750,35.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2264140750,2013.0,2024.0,2004.0,,9.0 5463,Michael Collins and the Craft of Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850600490449337,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SG7Z9ZZ6,2004-01-01,John F. Murphy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:45:14Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/08850600490449337,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060601924,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060601924,,,2004.0,, 5464,Operation PBHISTORY: The Aftermath of SUCCESS,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490274935,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FWTX3GEK,2004-01-01,Max Holland,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:44:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600490274935,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030459982,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030459982,2012.0,2023.0,2004.0,,8.0 5465,The Japanese Army's Noborito Research Institute,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490274926,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B594GBPZ,2004-01-01,Stephen C. Mercado,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:44:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850600490274926,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2191017975,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2191017975,2017.0,2023.0,2004.0,,13.0 5466,A Look at Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490274908,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BZFPUT39,2004-01-01,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:43:35Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600490274908,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2258691046,29.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2258691046,2012.0,2025.0,2004.0,,8.0 5467,Hunters and Gatherers: The Intelligence Coalition Against Islamic Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490274890,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KKQDAVKV,2004-01-01,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:43:10Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600490274890,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978804483,41.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978804483,2013.0,2025.0,2004.0,,9.0 5468,"Modernization of Terror: The Transformation of Stalin's NKVD, 1934–1941",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490252687,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MMFYU2ZM,2004-01-01,Robert W. Pringle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:41:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/08850600490252687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109258708,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2109258708,2013.0,2015.0,2004.0,,9.0 5469,Intelligence Analysis and Judgmental Calibration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490273431,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C2VBLUHL,2004-01-01,Steven Rieber,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:41:27Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600490273431,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2195589292,33.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2195589292,2013.0,2024.0,2004.0,,9.0 5470,Intelligence Agency Relations Between the European Union and the U.S.,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490252678,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZW8TZLSI,2004-01-01,Glen M. Segell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:41:02Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600490252678,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974761868,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974761868,2013.0,2024.0,2004.0,,9.0 5471,Approval and Review of Covert Action Programs Since Reagan,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506004902525669,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/72TLWX87,2004-01-01,William J. Daugherty,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:40:38Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/088506004902525669,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968518386,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968518386,2012.0,2025.0,2004.0,,8.0 5472,A Distinctive U.S. Intelligence Identity,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490252650,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PPQY5AAU,2004-01-01,Michael A. Turner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:40:14Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600490252650,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027891070,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027891070,2012.0,2024.0,2004.0,,8.0 5473,Helping the CIA and FBI Connect the Dots in the War on Terror,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490252641,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NJ3KKTJS,2004-01-01,"Frederick P. Hitz, Brian J. Weiss",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:39:42Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600490252641,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2257401712,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2257401712,2012.0,2021.0,2004.0,,8.0 5474,Preface to a Theory of Strategic Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/716100470,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9J2RSSHQ,2003-10-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:39:01Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/716100470,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091643585,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091643585,2012.0,2023.0,2003.0,,9.0 5475,CIA's Kent School: Improving Training for New Analysts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/716100469,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UN5RMUFQ,2003-10-01,Stephen Marrin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:38:46Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/716100469,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043303703,35.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043303703,2012.0,2025.0,2003.0,,9.0 5476,Public and Private Sector Cooperation in Counteracting Cyberterrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/716100471,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QRYF3DES,2003-10-01,Peter R. J. Trim,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:37:58Z,"['8XXD789V', 'R2V36RN8', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/716100471,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066881798,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066881798,2019.0,2021.0,2003.0,,16.0 5477,"(C)overt Action: The Disappearing ""C""",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/716100474,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X9GIRJHE,2003-10-01,Frederick L. Wettering,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:37:29Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/716100474,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032959847,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032959847,2018.0,2025.0,2003.0,,15.0 5478,Brazil's SIVAM: Surveillance Against Crime and Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/716100473,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2ENRDNX,2003-10-01,E. Peter Wittkoff,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:36:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/716100473,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071163778,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071163778,2012.0,2022.0,2003.0,,9.0 5479,The Gaunt-Wiseman Affair: British Intelligence in New York in 1915,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/713830445,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/35G39EAR,2003-07-01,Thomas F. Troy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:35:50Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/713830445,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031576605,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031576605,2021.0,2021.0,2003.0,,18.0 5480,Images of Other Peoples in the Making of Intelligence and Foreign Policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/713830382,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GIA7V8W9,2003-01-01,David Vital,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:27:50Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/713830382,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978022735,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978022735,2015.0,2015.0,2003.0,,12.0 5481,The Anthrax Evidence Points to Iraq,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/713830377,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YSCMKXC6,2003-01-01,Dany Shoham,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:28:31Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/713830377,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1966564218,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1966564218,,,2003.0,, 5482,Partisanship and the Decline of Intelligence Oversight,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/713830378,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X2ZGWAPS,2003-01-01,Marvin C. Ott,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:28:48Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/713830378,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974720022,38.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974720022,2013.0,2025.0,2003.0,,10.0 5483,Intelligence Education in the Americas,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/713830381,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KZLSUQTU,2003-01-01,Russell G. Swenson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:29:30Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/713830381,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004054350,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004054350,2016.0,2016.0,2003.0,,13.0 5484,China's Use of Perception Management,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/713830380,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4ACT8GIV,2003-01-01,"Peter Callamari, Derek Reveron",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:27:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/713830380,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066670481,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066670481,2016.0,2026.0,2003.0,,13.0 5485,South Korea's Intelligence Targets U.S. Technology,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600390198715,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2MIRYURM,2003-04-01,Edwin S. Cochran,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:29:52Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600390198715,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1986118425,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986118425,2019.0,2019.0,2003.0,,16.0 5486,"The Family, Clan, and Tribal Dynamics of Saddam's Security and Intelligence Network",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600390198724,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TM2IB9KD,2003-04-01,Ibrahim Al-Marashi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:30:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850600390198724,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974096845,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974096845,2018.0,2025.0,2003.0,,15.0 5487,Pakistan's ISI: The Invisible Government,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/713830449,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4HLYCLXF,2003-07-01,Sean P. Winchell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:33:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/713830449,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083611382,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083611382,2012.0,2022.0,2003.0,,9.0 5488,"Dark Waters: Britain and Italy's Invasion of Albania, 7 April 1939",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600390198841,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P2M9FXU8,2003-04-01,Dawn M. Miller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:32:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850600390198841,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059987789,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059987789,2015.0,2022.0,2003.0,,12.0 5489,"The Limits of OSINT: Diagnosing the Soviet Media, 1985-1989",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600390198706,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WKDHMDXB,2003-04-01,ROBERT W. PRINGLE,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:32:11Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850600390198706,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993755056,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993755056,2015.0,2023.0,2003.0,,12.0 5490,"Truman's Iranian Policy, 1945-1953: The Soviet Calculus",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600290101776,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WFKRL8RN,2002-11-01,William J. Daugherty,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:25:07Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600290101776,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1966251107,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1966251107,2014.0,2014.0,2002.0,,12.0 5491,The Future of Canada's Defence Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600290101758,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V7LEXGS4,2002-11-01,Martin Rudner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:24:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850600290101758,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001340375,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001340375,2020.0,2020.0,2002.0,,18.0 5492,Restructuring the NRO: From the Cold War's End to the 21st Century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600290101749,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4V4GCJM2,2002-11-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:24:16Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600290101749,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045821398,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045821398,2017.0,2017.0,2002.0,,15.0 5493,The Decommercialization of China's Ministry of State Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600290101730,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7FBEPT4T,2002-11-01,"Michael S. Chase, James C. Mulvenon",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:23:47Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600290101730,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023454690,0.0,False,,,,2002.0,, 5494,Reductio Ad Absurdum : The R&A Branch of OSS/London,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600290101721,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H2Y7I2ZI,2002-07-01,Nelson MacPherson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:22:30Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850600290101721,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971095811,0.0,False,,,,2002.0,, 5495,GAO Versus the CIA: Uphill Battles Against an Overpowering Force,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600290101668,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XNJYWEYK,2002-07-01,Frederick M. Kaiser,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:22:11Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850600290101668,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083755877,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083755877,2015.0,2025.0,2002.0,,13.0 5496,Undermining Counterintelligence Capability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600290101659,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4FKICHM6,2002-07-01,W. Raymond Wannall,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850600290101659,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050206948,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050206948,,,2002.0,, 5497,When Kindness Fails: Assassination as a National Security Option,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600252869056,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZIHEBKE,2002-04-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:21:07Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850600252869056,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054675278,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054675278,2014.0,2017.0,2002.0,,12.0 5498,The Strange Case of Sergius Riis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600252869047,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4N9T3PNK,2002-04-01,Richard B. Spence,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:20:45Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/08850600252869047,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094545680,0.0,False,,,,2002.0,, 5499,Countering China's Threat to the Western Hemisphere,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600252869029,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z63G8WN3,2002-04-01,"Lawrence G. Mrozinski, Thomas Williams, Roman H. Kent, Robin D. Tyner",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:19:55Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600252869029,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066270910,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066270910,2013.0,2013.0,2002.0,,11.0 5500,Operational Intelligence in Peace Enforcement and Stability Operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600252869010,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CSNDB5SM,2002-04-01,Lawrence E. Cline,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:19:36Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600252869010,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024974660,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024974660,2013.0,2020.0,2002.0,,11.0 5501,Crafting Intelligence in the Aftermath of Disaster,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600252869001,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YGPC2M7W,2002-04-01,Robert David Steele,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:18:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600252869001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988665988,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988665988,2013.0,2016.0,2002.0,,11.0 5502,Intelligence and the Cinema,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506002753412919,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IZYWNDWE,2002-01-01,"John D. Stempel, Robert W. Pringle Jr., Tom Stempel",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:17:34Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/088506002753412919,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089264783,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089264783,2015.0,2015.0,2002.0,,13.0 5503,"Caesar, Intelligence, and Ancient Britain",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506002753412892,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SRJ39HZJ,2002-01-01,Rose Mary Sheldon,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:16:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/088506002753412892,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2057378219,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057378219,2019.0,2025.0,2002.0,,17.0 5504,Dealing with Al Shifa: Intelligence and Counterproliferation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506002753412874,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B5GJEHTB,2002-01-01,Eric Croddy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:16:37Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/088506002753412874,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071667655,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071667655,2020.0,2025.0,2002.0,,18.0 5505,GOP Oversight of Intelligence in the Clinton Era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506002753412865,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LFALCG5H,2002-01-01,Gregory C. McCarthy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:16:18Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/088506002753412865,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033288786,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033288786,2012.0,2025.0,2002.0,,10.0 5506,Japan's Growing Intelligence Capability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506002753412856,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4P6RQ8SU,2002-01-01,Andrew L. Oros,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:15:52Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/088506002753412856,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997983166,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997983166,2012.0,2021.0,2002.0,,10.0 5507,The Vietnam War's Secret Side,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152617191,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7GGEVMJT,2001-10-01,Dale Andradé,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:15:06Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/08850600152617191,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016614960,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 5508,The Case Against Intelligence Openness,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152617164,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W8FSMQDE,2001-10-01,Thomas Patrick Carroll,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:13:35Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850600152617164,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002838227,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002838227,2013.0,2015.0,2001.0,,12.0 5509,Putin: The New Andropov?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152617155,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3VCI8CVG,2001-10-01,Robert W. Pringle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:13:03Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600152617155,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2063491595,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063491595,2016.0,2022.0,2001.0,,15.0 5510,Dirty Tricks for Profit: Covert Action in Private Industry,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152617146,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FDKSH4U4,2001-10-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:10:35Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850600152617146,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050398874,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050398874,2014.0,2025.0,2001.0,,13.0 5511,The CIA Under Clinton: Continuity and Change,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152617137,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HSIMFCKG,2001-10-01,Christopher M. Jones,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:10:19Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600152617137,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2152871175,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2152871175,2018.0,2024.0,2001.0,,17.0 5512,Behind the Intelligence Failure in Iran,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152617119,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HPECBHYZ,2001-10-01,William J. Daugherty,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:09:40Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.1080/08850600152617119,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051007172,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051007172,2012.0,2022.0,2001.0,,11.0 5513,Mossad-CIA Cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152386873,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N5833WCI,2001-07-01,Ephraim Kahana,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:09:15Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600152386873,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996869975,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996869975,2015.0,2019.0,2001.0,,14.0 5514,"Left in the Dust: Italian Signals Intelligence, 1915-1943",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152386864,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BF6CJU5A,2001-07-01,David Alvarez,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:08:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/08850600152386864,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3131700205,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3131700205,2012.0,2015.0,2001.0,,11.0 5515,Controlling Intelligence in New Democracies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152386837,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FB7YGYT5,2001-07-01,Thomas C. Bruneau,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:08:00Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600152386837,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094692887,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094692887,2012.0,2024.0,2001.0,,11.0 5516,The Internal Modernization of Western Intelligence Agencies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600152386828,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7XHATPRE,2001-07-01,Geoffrey R. Weller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:07:37Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600152386828,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2057222024,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057222024,,,2001.0,, 5517,Structural Quiescence in the Failure of IC21 and Intelligence Reform,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506001300063190,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QG32QFHI,2001-04-01,"Abraham H. Miller, Brian Alexander",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:06:54Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/088506001300063190,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2005089322,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 5518,Analysis in Crisis Prevention,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506001300063172,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/88FL28QB,2001-04-01,Kristan J. Wheaton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:06:20Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/088506001300063172,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2034628363,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034628363,2021.0,2022.0,2001.0,,20.0 5519,Hazardous Partnership: NGOs and United States Intelligence in Small Wars,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506001300063154,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DJXYEX2H,2001-04-01,William E. DemMars,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:06:03Z,['EJW4BLAR'],10.1080/088506001300063154,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023994124,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023994124,2015.0,2025.0,2001.0,,14.0 5520,MASINT: The New Kid in Town,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506001300063136,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VYHDJGBY,2001-04-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:05:40Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/088506001300063136,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036992293,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036992293,2012.0,2024.0,2001.0,,11.0 5521,Oleg Tsarev's Synthetic KGB Gems,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600150501344,"The Crown Jewels, published in Great Britain in 1998 and the United States in 1999, is Oleg Tsarev's second book drawn from KGB archives and written in cooperation with a Western author in this case, Nigel West.1 This important, complex book has much to offer historians, especially those inclined toward archeology, for Tsarev has skillfully choreographed his version of history to dance around the facts of some very well known intelligence and espionage cases. Consequently, he deposits another dense layer of evidence to sift, sort, and evaluate. But an assessment of Tsarev's volume also leads to three major points. Admittedly, two are glimpses of the blindingly obvious,” restated here because these fundamentals become buried under media hype. First, that new historical evidence requires careful interpretation. Second, the secrets spies gather should be evaluated within the context of national and institutional policy formulation and implementation. Third, the notion of damage” from Soviet espionage, has been exaggerated and misunderstood, and it is now time to investigate the impact of Soviet espionage upon national and international politics. And, most relevantly, Tsarev, a former lieutenant colonel in the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, also serves as a consultant to the Service's press department.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I2TARU8X,2001-01-01,Sheila Kerr,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:04:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600150501344,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017291650,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017291650,,,2001.0,, 5522,The Case for Cultural Diversity in the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600150501317,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4U5M3CZT,2001-01-01,Robert Callum,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:03:30Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600150501317,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1984370616,24.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984370616,2014.0,2025.0,2001.0,,13.0 5523,Re-examining Problems and Prospects in U.S. Imagery Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600150501308,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F64AYS2Z,2001-01-01,John M. Diamond,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:03:07Z,['PBHFUE8W'],10.1080/08850600150501308,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999026838,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999026838,2013.0,2013.0,2001.0,,12.0 5524,North Korea's Surprise Attack: Weak U.S. Analysis?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050179100,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YYARCQ45,2000-12-01,Richard A. Mobley,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:02:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600050179100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069526198,0.0,False,,,,2000.0,, 5525,"""Project Rodriguista"": Opposing Pinochet's Regime in Chile",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050179092,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CZNQYCKM,2000-12-01,Robert D'A. Henderson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:01:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850600050179092,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060838354,0.0,False,,,,2000.0,, 5526,Possible Presidential Intelligence Initiatives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050179074,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6CZCITXE,2000-12-01,Robert David Steele,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T20:01:27Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600050179074,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018049068,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018049068,,,2000.0,, 5527,French Cryptography Policy: The Turnabout of 1999,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050140625,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RUW6D644,2000-10-01,Glen M. Segell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:59:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850600050140625,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021200764,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021200764,2021.0,2021.0,2000.0,,21.0 5528,"Undercover in Outer Space: The Creation and Evolution of the NRO, 1960-1963",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050140616,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CI654KKE,2000-10-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:59:13Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600050140616,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974714804,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974714804,2014.0,2017.0,2000.0,,14.0 5529,The Company-Intelligence Interface and National Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050129727,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2QH3NB3U,2000-04-01,Peter R. J. Trim,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:58:38Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850600050129727,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991765948,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991765948,2014.0,2014.0,2000.0,,14.0 5530,Political Scrutiny and Control of Scandinavia's Security and Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050129709,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2N7XZ36Y,2000-04-01,Geoffrey R. Weller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:47:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600050129709,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010978180,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010978180,2013.0,2025.0,2000.0,,13.0 5531,Staffing the Intelligence Community: The Pros and Cons of an Intelligence Reserve,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050129691,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2IRJG5CW,2000-04-01,James L. Quinn Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:47:16Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850600050129691,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045199010,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045199010,,,2000.0,, 5532,"Hidden in Plain Sight: Searching for the CIA's ""New Missions""",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050129682,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VGUZPL2J,2000-04-01,Stafford T. Thomas,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:46:57Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600050129682,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989963794,0.0,False,,,,2000.0,, 5533,The CIA and the Security Challenges of the New Century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600050129673,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LAK688GH,2000-04-01,George J. Tenet,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:46:35Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850600050129673,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024053140,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024053140,,,2000.0,, 5534,Malaysia's Senoi Praaq Special Forces,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506000304952,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HY4PTKJW,2000-01-01,Roy D. L. Jumper,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:46:15Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/088506000304952,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980104953,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980104953,2019.0,2019.0,2000.0,,19.0 5535,The Great Republican Transformation on Oversight,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506000304943,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AKQE37UP,2000-01-01,Stephen F. Knott,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:45:54Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/088506000304943,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037957890,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037957890,2014.0,2023.0,2000.0,,14.0 5536,The DCI vs the Eight-Hundred-Pound Gorilla,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506000304934,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FL4HQEHR,2000-01-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:45:33Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/088506000304934,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992757346,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992757346,2024.0,2024.0,2000.0,,24.0 5537,Probing the East German State Security Archives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506000304925,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LXFXA4UP,2000-01-01,Jefferson Adams,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:44:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/088506000304925,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073455948,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073455948,2013.0,2020.0,2000.0,,13.0 5538,The Future of American Espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506000304916,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MIXZWZMH,2000-01-01,Frederick P. Hitz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:44:36Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/088506000304916,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2000029854,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2000029854,2012.0,2014.0,2000.0,,12.0 5539,Oversight of Australia's Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305016,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9NT8XI86,1999-12-01,Geoffrey R. Weller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:43:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/088506099305016,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015315089,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015315089,2012.0,2020.0,1999.0,,13.0 5540,Openness: Being Public About Secret Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305007,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BWWV39JI,1999-12-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:43:42Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/088506099305007,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038615410,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2038615410,2013.0,2024.0,1999.0,,14.0 5541,The CIA's Bureaucratic Dimensions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099304972,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YXSKJJ2U,1999-12-01,Stafford T. Thomas,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:43:13Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/088506099304972,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044816140,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044816140,2014.0,2016.0,1999.0,,15.0 5542,The Tragic Fate of Kalamatiano: America's Man in Moscow,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305070,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J3XPTM2S,1999-09-01,Richard B. Spence,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:42:43Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/088506099305070,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093382851,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093382851,2017.0,2017.0,1999.0,,18.0 5543,The CIA and the Declassification of History,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305061,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QWX47B4R,1999-09-01,Edmund Cohen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:42:07Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/088506099305061,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053282122,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053282122,2024.0,2024.0,1999.0,,25.0 5544,Ukraine's SBU and the New Oligarchy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305043,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5AQMQSW2,1999-09-01,"Julie Anderson, Joseph L. Albini",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:41:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/088506099305043,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965991260,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965991260,2013.0,2024.0,1999.0,,14.0 5545,"Error, Folly, and Policy Intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305034,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QQF6Y3Z4,1999-09-01,John D. Stempel,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:41:27Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/088506099305034,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043930825,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043930825,2020.0,2022.0,1999.0,,21.0 5546,Reflections on Terrorism: A Sideline View,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/088506099305151,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6CKLLEMP,1999-06-01,Robert D. Chapman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:41:02Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/088506099305151,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992718458,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992718458,,,1999.0,, 5547,"""Truth Conquers All Chains"": The U.S. Army Intelligence Support Activity, 1981-1989",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/088506099305133,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6S5A6YW2,1999-06-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:40:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/088506099305133,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039977684,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039977684,2015.0,2020.0,1999.0,,16.0 5548,The Iraqi Opposition and the Failure of U.S. Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/088506099305124,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TYUZIQTG,1999-06-01,Michael M. Gunter,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:39:53Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/088506099305124,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006561666,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006561666,,,1999.0,, 5549,Evaluating Nixon's Foreign Policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305304,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DAK3CEIF,1999-03-01,John Mapother,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:39:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/088506099305304,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2016207138,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 5550,Britain's World War II Intelligence Network,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305287,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TIJ4DNEW,1999-03-01,John H. Waller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:38:49Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/088506099305287,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024972556,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 5551,Victory By Default?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305278,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RHA4WI5Y,1999-03-01,Jefferson Adams,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:38:37Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/088506099305278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003370710,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003370710,2015.0,2015.0,1999.0,,16.0 5552,Open Sourcing the Drug War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305269,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRWDYXII,1999-03-01,Michael A. Turner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:38:17Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/088506099305269,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2025334340,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2025334340,2014.0,2014.0,1999.0,,15.0 5553,The EOU vs. Hitler's Mini-Missiles,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305241,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FXKHPGTJ,1999-03-01,James L. Tyson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:37:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/088506099305241,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979873569,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 5554,Meeting A Commercial Need for Intelligence: The International Maritime Bureau,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305223,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WWJNJPD5,1999-03-01,Peter Charles Unsinger,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:37:35Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/088506099305223,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042313794,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042313794,,,1999.0,, 5555,Bernard Schuster and Joseph Katz: KGB Master Spies in the United States,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305214,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BHLCC924,1999-03-01,Earl M. Hyde,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:36:48Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/088506099305214,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003075208,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 5556,Seymour Hersh's Impact On The CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305205,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HSY2T5SL,1999-03-01,Cynthia M. Nolan,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:36:12Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/088506099305205,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996582630,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996582630,2014.0,2018.0,1999.0,,15.0 5557,Domestic and National Security Wiretaps: A Fourth Amendment Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305197,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FAD3TAC8,1999-03-01,Jeffrey L. Baker,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:35:43Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/088506099305197,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2005911121,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 5558,Subreptitious aircraft in transnational covert operations,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850609808435388,"Published in International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence (Vol. 11, No. 4, 1998)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VFCS67KX,1998-12-1,Brian Champion,Taylor and Francis,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:34:52Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850609808435388,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083897414,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083897414,2018.0,2021.0,1998.0,,20.0 5559,The unfulfilled promise of declassification,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435387,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J8I27FAU,1998-12-01,Richard C. Thornton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:34:41Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/08850609808435387,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059848687,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 5560,Intelligence storytelling: Moshe Dayan and the 1970 cease‐fire,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435386,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NQFKM8DK,1998-12-01,Fredric S. Feer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:33:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/08850609808435386,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003616056,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 5561,The security dilemma and covert action: The Truman years,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435385,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EUH5R69B,1998-12-01,Elizabeth E. Anderson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:32:46Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850609808435385,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2142214735,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2142214735,2014.0,2024.0,1998.0,,16.0 5562,Surprise and its causes in business administration and strategic studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435380,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/24S8QZ4Y,1998-09-01,"Uri Bar‐Joseph, Zachary Sheaffer",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:31:56Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/08850609808435380,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011247797,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011247797,2013.0,2025.0,1998.0,,15.0 5563,The devil's doctor: Felix Kersten,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435379,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5VIKWDP,1998-09-01,John H. Waller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:31:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850609808435379,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968105852,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 5564,"Glimpses of a hidden history: Sen. Richard Russell, congress, and oversight of the CIA",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435378,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K5TZX9LK,1998-09-01,David M. Barrett,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:31:07Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850609808435378,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972327050,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972327050,2018.0,2023.0,1998.0,,20.0 5565,The CIA'S office of policy coordination: From NSC 10/2 to NSC 68,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435373,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JVX94FIM,1998-06-01,Michael Warner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:30:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609808435373,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008748062,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008748062,2012.0,2017.0,1998.0,,14.0 5566,Iran‐contra and congressional oversight of the CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435372,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z4EJD4SX,1998-06-01,James T. Currie,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:30:08Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850609808435372,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2124058537,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2124058537,2014.0,2026.0,1998.0,,16.0 5567,“One of the biggest ears in the world:” East German SIGINT operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435369,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WJ2N6YZP,1998-06-01,Ben B. Fischer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:28:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/08850609808435369,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033412203,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033412203,2023.0,2023.0,1998.0,,25.0 5568,Susurluk: The connection between turkey's intelligence community and organized crime,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435368,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3VFF2FGL,1998-06-01,Michael M. Gunter,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:28:39Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609808435368,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2062565262,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2062565262,2012.0,2025.0,1998.0,,14.0 5569,A case study in operational intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435365,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7QD8GX52,1998-03-01,John R. Reese,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:28:17Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850609808435365,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004860213,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 5570,A political theory of the CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435364,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XECJ99W4,1998-03-01,Stafford T. Thomas,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:28:01Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609808435364,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031962152,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031962152,,,1998.0,, 5571,Whatever happened to the KGB?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435363,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M5UQWQYP,1998-03-01,"Joseph L. Albini, Julie Anderson",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:27:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850609808435363,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054207183,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054207183,2015.0,2022.0,1998.0,,17.0 5572,Out of the black: The disclosure and declassification of the national reconnaissance office,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435362,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9CFLSRNL,1998-03-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T19:27:14Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/08850609808435362,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041835866,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041835866,2013.0,2014.0,1998.0,,15.0 5573,The nonuse of intelligence,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850609708435357,"(1997). The nonuse of intelligence. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 383-417.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8ZRNQBA,1997-12-01,Amos Kovacs,Taylor and Francis,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-10T16:12:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/08850609708435357,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070732896,22.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070732896,2019.0,2020.0,1997.0,,22.0 5574,Preventing the ultimate nightmare: Nuclear terrorism against the United States,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435354,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B5MMZM2T,1997-09-01,Louis René Beres,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:49:51Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850609708435354,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2052677958,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052677958,,,1997.0,, 5575,Emerging intelligence challenges,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435353,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D5UNF5QZ,1997-09-01,Matthew C. Waxman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:49:40Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609708435353,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027848066,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 5576,The ancient imperative: 1 clandestine operations and covert action,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435352,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MKM38FU6,1997-09-01,Rose Mary Sheldon,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:49:13Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/08850609708435352,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2014054657,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014054657,2014.0,2026.0,1997.0,,17.0 5577,"Diplomatic solutions: German foreign office cryptanalysis, 1919–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435314,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RLAAKS3Z,1996-01-01,David Alvarez,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-12T14:45:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/08850609608435314,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2022033704,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022033704,2013.0,2023.0,1996.0,,17.0 5578,Iranian intelligence organizations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435351,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HZFX8E6I,1997-09-01,Carl Anthony Wege,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:48:13Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609708435351,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001732356,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001732356,2013.0,2025.0,1997.0,,16.0 5579,The Chesapeake Capes: American intelligence coup?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435343,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3DALMMLW,1997-06-01,G.J.A. O'Toole,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:47:20Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/08850609708435343,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092673057,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 5580,Virtual intelligence: Reengineering doctrine for the information age,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435342,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3BVI5L4Y,1997-06-01,Michael J. Castagna,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:46:55Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609708435342,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965547495,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965547495,2016.0,2016.0,1997.0,,19.0 5581,"Ambivalent bedfellows: German‐American intelligence relations, 1969–1991",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435341,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3P745APP,1997-06-01,"Loch K. Johnson, Annette Freyberg",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:46:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850609708435341,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2167530354,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2167530354,2017.0,2024.0,1997.0,,20.0 5582,From Monarch Eagle to Modern Age: The consolidation of U.S. defense HUMINT,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435340,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UDJV47VS,1997-06-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:46:09Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850609708435340,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971709108,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971709108,2016.0,2016.0,1997.0,,19.0 5583,Building a learning organization: Teaching with cases at CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435337,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BSKGECD7,1997-03-01,"Thomas W. Shreeve, James J. Dowd Jr.",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:45:47Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850609708435337,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050432991,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050432991,,,1997.0,, 5584,"Getting beyond nuclear deterrence: Israel, intelligence and false hope",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435335,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6PKVYVYF,1997-03-01,Louis René Beres,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:45:13Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609708435335,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094559660,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 5585,Churchill and the start of the ultra‐magic deals,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435334,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KJVMQ6BQ,1997-03-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:44:24Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/08850609708435334,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059194003,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059194003,2021.0,2021.0,1997.0,,24.0 5586,Inside ivory bunkers: CIA analysts resist managers’ “pandering” ‐ part II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435332,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NMT8S7J7,1997-03-01,H. Bradford Westerfield,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:44:06Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609708435332,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4239686947,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4239686947,2016.0,2025.0,1997.0,,19.0 5587,Intelligence in peacekeeping operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435331,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ME28QBL7,1997-03-01,Pär Eriksson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:43:48Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609708435331,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2040425859,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040425859,2015.0,2025.0,1997.0,,18.0 5588,Swans swimming in the sewer: Legai use of “dirty assets” by C/A,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435327,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XCACHUSY,1996-01-01,Thomas R. Baugher,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:43:26Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850609608435327,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971838566,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 5589,"Sophisticated spies: CIA's links to liberal anti‐communists, 1949–1967",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435326,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/496ZJUMH,1996-01-01,Michael Warner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:42:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609608435326,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003611415,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003611415,2014.0,2025.0,1996.0,,18.0 5590,Inside Ivory bunkers: CIA analysts resist managers' “pandering” — Part I∗,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435325,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DPSPMVJH,1996-01-01,H. Bradford Westerfield,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T18:42:20Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609608435325,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021538300,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021538300,2016.0,2025.0,1996.0,,20.0 5591,Australian National Day Special: “Intelligence Down Under with John Blaxland”,Podcast,https://thecyberwire.com/podcasts/spycast/618/notes,"John Blaxland (Twitter, LinkedIn) joins Andrew (Twitter; LinkedIn) to discuss intelligence in Australia and Oceania. John is a widely recognized as a leading expert in this area. What You’ll Learn Intelligence Australia’s Intelligence Community SIGINT in Australia during WWII Australia’s relationship with South Asia The Pine Gap facility Reflections The implications of geography The power of collaboration",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G6XWWRUD,2024-01-23,,,,2024-01-25T18:28:28Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5592,Setting analytical priorities in U.S. intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435320,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X65FPV6W,1996-01-01,Michael A. Turner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T17:13:57Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850609608435320,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002095581,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002095581,2022.0,2022.0,1996.0,,26.0 5593,Insurgent intelligence: The guerrilla grapevine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435319,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SN78D2FE,1996-01-01,Lincoln B. Krause,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T17:10:07Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850609608435319,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2040765720,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040765720,2018.0,2026.0,1996.0,,22.0 5594,The double life of Admiral Canaris,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435318,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V56Z9SVM,1996-01-01,John H. Waller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T17:09:23Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850609608435318,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992657789,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992657789,2015.0,2021.0,1996.0,,19.0 5595,CIA's organizational culture and the problem of reform,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435317,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H3QLVSZC,1996-01-01,Glenn Hastedt,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T17:07:47Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.1080/08850609608435317,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991709321,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991709321,2022.0,2025.0,1996.0,,26.0 5596,South Africa's evolving intelligence and security structures,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435315,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U3QXXI4U,1996-01-01,Kevin A. O'brien,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T17:06:47Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609608435315,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973248768,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973248768,2014.0,2014.0,1996.0,,18.0 5597,Intelligence and nuclear terrorism: Preventing “pain into power”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435313,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AEQN6TI4,1996-01-01,Louis René Beres,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:52:58Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850609608435313,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970614759,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 5598,U.S. covert action: Does it have a future?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435312,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q8HYR299,1996-01-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:51:39Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850609608435312,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074787671,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074787671,2014.0,2014.0,1996.0,,18.0 5599,The Alaskan mystery flights,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435309,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HR77XBDX,1996-01-01,John F. Murphy Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:50:19Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/08850609608435309,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002334248,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002334248,,,1996.0,, 5600,CISOC: The U.S. Army's counterintelligence special operations concept,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435308,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8C6ZSTU8,1996-01-01,Shawn M. Pine,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:49:52Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850609608435308,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001314451,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 5601,Against Fishel: Another look at the liberty incident,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435307,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PUFXSU6X,1996-01-01,David Rodman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:49:37Z,['DHLN8GE4'],10.1080/08850609608435307,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2153791161,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 5602,South Africa's intelligence reformation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435306,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X8UWSNBA,1996-01-01,Shaun McCarthy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:49:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609608435306,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2047317592,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2047317592,2020.0,2020.0,1996.0,,24.0 5603,The Iranian threat to Israel: Capabilities and intentions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435305,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8HRX82CC,1996-01-01,Louis René Beres,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:48:45Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609608435305,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069555641,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069555641,,,1996.0,, 5604,Berlin tunnel intelligence: A bumbling KGB,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435304,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SI5AV2C8,1996-01-01,Joseph C. Evans,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:47:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609608435304,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067097077,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067097077,2020.0,2024.0,1996.0,,24.0 5605,The CIA's Nicaragua “murder manual”: A sandinista “dirty trick?”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435303,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GJY3PF5N,1996-01-01,Robert F. Turner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:47:31Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609608435303,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015946287,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 5606,The uneasy relationship between intelligence and private industry,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609608435302,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LJH8DBVX,1996-01-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T16:45:43Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],10.1080/08850609608435302,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992391831,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992391831,2013.0,2013.0,1996.0,,17.0 5607,South African intelligence transition from de Klerk to Mandela: An update,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435299,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MKI6KHIG,1995-12-01,Robert D'A. Henderson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:40:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609508435299,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2335381658,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2335381658,2021.0,2021.0,1995.0,,26.0 5608,Interfering with civil society: CIA and KGB covert political action during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435297,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LS56DQ4M,1995-12-01,Kevin A. O'Brien,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:40:04Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850609508435297,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053097939,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053097939,2014.0,2025.0,1995.0,,19.0 5609,Important “folk theories” in intelligence reorganization,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435296,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P83EQDE2,1995-12-01,"J. Douglas Orton, Jamie L. Callahan",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:39:36Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850609508435296,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041278511,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041278511,,,1995.0,https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1234086, 5610,A framework for understanding intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435295,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FJP6NET7,1995-12-01,Richard Horowitz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:39:19Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609508435295,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969131273,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969131273,2019.0,2020.0,1995.0,,24.0 5611,The role of American intelligence in the global economy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435290,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGNLFF43,1995-09-01,Robert N. Galvan,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:38:55Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609508435290,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008911199,0.0,False,,,,1995.0,, 5612,The attack on the Liberty: an “accident”?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435289,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3RN3LPWR,1995-09-01,Reverdy S. Fishel,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:38:43Z,['DHLN8GE4'],10.1080/08850609508435289,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1992880625,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1992880625,,,1995.0,, 5613,"Politics, presidents, and DCIs",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435288,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TQZZZJ3R,1995-09-01,Ward Warren,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:38:05Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850609508435288,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2012461207,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012461207,2016.0,2016.0,1995.0,,21.0 5614,Intelligence and international law,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435287,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FQESE8C2,1995-09-01,M. E. Bowman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:36:10Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850609508435287,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027355895,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027355895,2013.0,2014.0,1995.0,,18.0 5615,Economic/commercial interests and the world's intelligence services: A Canadian perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435285,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4B6SFZV7,1995-09-01,Samuel D. Porteous,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:34:58Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609508435285,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046278644,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046278644,2017.0,2024.0,1995.0,,22.0 5616,CIA‐FBI Non‐cooperation: Cultural trait or bureaucratic inertia?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435284,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L3NS5RIX,1995-09-01,Michael A. Turner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:34:34Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850609508435284,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974129916,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974129916,2014.0,2016.0,1995.0,,19.0 5617,“Defense in depth” for information systems survival,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435280,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BFLXCRVU,1995-06-01,Winn Schwartau,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:34:01Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609508435280,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077400543,0.0,False,,,,1995.0,, 5618,Deficiencies in military counterintelligence: A view from the field,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435279,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UVFVY4IF,1995-06-01,Shawn M. Pine,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:33:47Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850609508435279,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092773849,0.0,False,,,,1995.0,, 5619,Israel caught unaware: Egypt's Sinai surprise of 1960,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435278,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TT2GGX2M,1995-06-01,Uri Bar‐Joseph,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:33:17Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/08850609508435278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995704576,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995704576,2019.0,2019.0,1995.0,,24.0 5620,The Ames case: HOW could it happen?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435275,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XGJCU47X,1995-06-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:32:14Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850609508435275,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074750813,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074750813,,,1995.0,, 5621,Six general principles of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435116,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5BXS2WAI,1989-01-01,Winn L. Taplin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-13T13:24:09Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/08850608908435116,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091238405,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091238405,2015.0,2023.0,1989.0,,26.0 5622,The legitimacy of covert action: Sorting out the moral responsibilities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435160,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X2QBHZBG,1990-01-01,Lincoln P. Bloomfield Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850609008435160,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031795009,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 5623,The calculus of intelligence cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435147,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MBZ5XHWL,1990-01-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-10T12:15:54Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850609008435147,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085868930,46.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085868930,2012.0,2026.0,1990.0,,22.0 5624,The defensive disciplines of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435189,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7677EFSP,1991-12-01,George F. Jelen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850609108435189,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043279104,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043279104,2015.0,2023.0,1991.0,,24.0 5625,The GPU and GRU in pre‐world war II Czechoslovakia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435271,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HJEYF4HS,1995-03-01,Igor Lukes,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:30:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/08850609508435271,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2057394647,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057394647,2015.0,2015.0,1995.0,,20.0 5626,South African intelligence under de Klerk,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435270,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4KTZ8BAT,1995-03-01,Robert D'A. Henderson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:29:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609508435270,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045508317,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045508317,,,1995.0,, 5627,Book review: How British agents infiltrated and penetrated every level of the IRA for over 30 years,Newspaper article,https://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/crime/book-review-how-british-agents-infiltrated-and-penetrated-every-level-of-the-ira-for-over-30-years-3262193,"There are actually two narratives in Agents Of Influence: separate, yet crucially interconnected.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WRUWJB8Q,2021-06-05,Alex Kane,,,2021-06-05T12:26:27Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5628,"Dragonworld (II): Deception, tradecraft, and the provisional IRA",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435269,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MH9BZSEX,1995-03-01,J. Bowyer Bell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:28:07Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'V7KUA58M']",10.1080/08850609508435269,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073328087,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073328087,2025.0,2025.0,1995.0,,30.0 5629,CIA: A cold war relic?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435268,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9MGV2UKD,1995-03-01,Richard L. Russell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:27:50Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850609508435268,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037255180,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037255180,,,1995.0,, 5630,The shape of post‐cold war intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435267,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JWNMPC7J,1995-03-01,Scott D. Breckinridge,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:27:33Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850609508435267,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2334966713,0.0,False,,,,1995.0,, 5631,Mulla Mustafa Barzani and the Kurdish rebellion in Iraq: The intelligence factor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435264,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GQ4IZEJG,1994-12-01,Michael Gunter,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:26:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609408435264,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019302949,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019302949,2015.0,2018.0,1994.0,,21.0 5632,Stirring up the past: KAL flight 007,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435263,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2TVEULNA,1994-12-01,James Gollin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:26:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609408435263,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993645546,0.0,False,,,,1994.0,, 5633,OSCINT and the private information sector,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435262,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ST8XKAVS,1994-12-01,G. M. (Mert) McGill,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:24:33Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850609408435262,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081076403,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081076403,2019.0,2019.0,1994.0,,25.0 5634,Writing history in CIA: A memoir of frustration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435259,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9HT943FA,1994-12-01,Thomas F. Troy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:23:36Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/08850609408435259,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045408702,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045408702,2020.0,2020.0,1994.0,,26.0 5635,U.S. Business Competitiveness and the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435254,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3V9N8UV,1994-09-01,Joseph C. Evans,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:23:06Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609408435254,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997517924,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997517924,,,1994.0,, 5636,The Syrian socialist party: An intelligence asset?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435253,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CTXAU3GZ,1994-09-01,Carl Anthony Wege,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:22:37Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609408435253,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050396490,0.0,False,,,,1994.0,, 5637,The Indonesian Crisis of 1965–1966: A Retrospective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435252,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HLKHICVR,1994-09-01,B. Hugh Tovar,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:22:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609408435252,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037545102,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037545102,2023.0,2023.0,1994.0,,29.0 5638,A creature of compromise: The establishment of the DIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435250,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EW4YVNS9,1994-09-01,Patrick Neil Mescall,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:21:49Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850609408435250,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997253060,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997253060,,,1994.0,, 5639,Impact and implications of the Iran‐contra affair on congressional oversight of covert action,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435247,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PNFRH77Z,1994-06-01,Frederick M. Kaiser,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:21:21Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850609408435247,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046892513,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046892513,2021.0,2026.0,1994.0,,27.0 5640,Reinventing intelligence: Holy Grail or mission impossible?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435246,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BPZ857RW,1994-06-01,Robert D. Steele,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:21:06Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850609408435246,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074348480,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074348480,,,1994.0,, 5641,Presidential styles and DCI selection,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435245,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CTGAB5WH,1994-06-01,Stafford T. Thomas,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:20:43Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850609408435245,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969756368,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969756368,2024.0,2024.0,1994.0,,30.0 5642,Tilting with Machiavelli: Fighting competitive espionage in the 1990s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435244,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ARW7M2KK,1994-06-01,J. Thompson Strong,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:20:15Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850609408435244,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080907076,0.0,False,,,,1994.0,, 5643,International technology transfer and economic espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435243,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C6B4ZQ6K,1994-06-01,William T. Warner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:19:56Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609408435243,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095577552,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095577552,2012.0,2026.0,1994.0,,18.0 5644,The CIA'S new openness,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435242,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CEQ2PZT8,1994-06-01,John Hollister Hedley,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:19:40Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850609408435242,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2009174117,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2009174117,,,1994.0,, 5645,Public constraints on assassination as an instrument of U.S. foreign policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435238,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KI59889J,1994-03-01,Jeffrey Claburn,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:15:34Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850609408435238,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004802347,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2004802347,2023.0,2023.0,1994.0,,29.0 5646,OSS in China — New information about an old role,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435237,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SKH7ADSZ,1994-03-01,Maochun Yu,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:14:58Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850609408435237,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074895667,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074895667,,,1994.0,, 5647,From noticing to making sense: Using intelligence to develop strategy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435236,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K8EBFQ35,1994-03-01,Philippe Baumard,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:14:33Z,['D67KFVND'],10.1080/08850609408435236,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056963949,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056963949,2013.0,2025.0,1994.0,,19.0 5648,Comparing U.S. operations kingpin (1970) and eagle claw (1980),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435229,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E377FLGY,1993-12-01,Will Rhee,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:13:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609308435229,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972684067,0.0,False,,,,1993.0,, 5649,Intelligence agency threats to computer security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435228,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QJK98J7B,1993-12-01,Wayne Madsen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:13:20Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850609308435228,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075740824,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075740824,2013.0,2021.0,1993.0,,20.0 5650,The CIA and the university: A problem of power,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435224,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3X2S5ZBI,1993-09-01,Stephen G. Judd,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:12:49Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850609308435224,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094436200,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094436200,2019.0,2019.0,1993.0,,26.0 5651,KGB in transition: The Bakatin interregnum,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435223,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WNV6WF6C,1993-09-01,Martin Ebon,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:11:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850609308435223,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003602090,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2003602090,,,1993.0,, 5652,Intelligence epistemology: Dealing with the unbelievable,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435222,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SPV7KV84,1993-09-01,Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:11:06Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/08850609308435222,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999397132,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999397132,2016.0,2022.0,1993.0,,23.0 5653,The uses of history in intelligence analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435220,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UTHLCUHF,1993-09-01,William C. Burris,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:09:57Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850609308435220,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987457857,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987457857,2021.0,2021.0,1993.0,,28.0 5654,Gerbil Redux: What course ahead for naval intelligence?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435219,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G45VTBGM,1993-09-01,Jeffrey L. Canfield,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:09:42Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609308435219,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2005020810,0.0,False,,,,1993.0,, 5655,Thinking about intelligence after the fall of communism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435218,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4E67FS3E,1993-09-01,"Abraham H. Miller, Nicholas Damask",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:09:25Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850609308435218,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037343109,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037343109,2014.0,2014.0,1993.0,,21.0 5656,Jumping to the right conclusion: The state department warning on operation “Barbarossa”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435213,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TY6BTPUD,1993-06-01,John V. H. Dippel,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:09:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850609308435213,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041361175,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041361175,2018.0,2018.0,1993.0,,25.0 5657,German and Chilean agents in Peru: Entwined by a yen for espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435212,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7J9DMV3C,1993-06-01,Jamie Bisher,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:08:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/08850609308435212,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058811128,0.0,False,,,,1993.0,, 5658,The U.S. intelligence budget in the 1990s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435211,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JMSRIIJV,1993-06-01,Harvey Nelsen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:07:31Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609308435211,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031088114,0.0,False,,,,1993.0,, 5659,A critical evaluation of U.S. national intelligence capabilities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435210,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TGWS3P8Y,1993-06-01,Robert David Steele,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:07:24Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609308435210,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086233194,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086233194,,,1993.0,, 5660,The vagaries of intelligence sharing: The political imbalance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435208,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7THGYKZ3,1993-06-01,Gideon Doron,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T14:07:13Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609308435208,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989827128,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989827128,2020.0,2020.0,1993.0,,27.0 5661,Constraints on intelligence collaboration: The domestic dimension,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435203,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QI4B9HBX,1993-03-01,James J. Wirtz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:33:40Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609308435203,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1802719330,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1802719330,2015.0,2022.0,1993.0,,22.0 5662,The Spartacus rebellion: A Roman intelligence failure?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435202,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L697MYLL,1993-03-01,Rose Mary Sheldon,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:32:23Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/08850609308435202,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2034332614,0.0,False,,,,1993.0,, 5663,Strategic intelligence analysis and national decisionmaking: A systems management approach,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435201,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JCW63C37,1993-03-01,Edmund Charles Blash II,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:32:00Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850609308435201,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2052632482,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052632482,,,1993.0,, 5664,Prelude to desert storm: The politicization of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435200,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A4BFTQSV,1993-03-01,"Wyland F. Leadbetter Jr., Stephen J. Bury",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:29:37Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850609308435200,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032562140,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032562140,2015.0,2015.0,1993.0,,22.0 5665,The international environment and the U.S. intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435199,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DQZTU5G9,1993-03-01,"David D. Dabelko, Geoffrey D. Dabelko",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:29:27Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850609308435199,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020333095,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020333095,2025.0,2025.0,1993.0,,32.0 5666,Bane of counterintelligence: Our penchant for self‐deception,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435198,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9J8V4FML,1993-03-01,Tennent H. Bagley,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:29:18Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850609308435198,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077898075,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077898075,,,1993.0,, 5667,The “correct” definition of intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435193,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B4W7VMY5,1991-12-01,Thomas F. Troy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:28:45Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850609108435193,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985243081,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985243081,2013.0,2025.0,1991.0,,22.0 5668,Churchill's Yugoslav blunder: Precursor to the Yugoslav tragedy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435192,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ERN9D3VV,1991-12-01,David Martin,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:28:34Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609108435192,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1803994628,0.0,False,,,,1991.0,, 5669,Intelligence community cooperation: The arms control model,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435190,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLC2CPD9,1991-12-01,Paula L. Scalingi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:28:15Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850609108435190,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026332639,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026332639,,,1991.0,, 5670,Strategies for data gathering and evaluation in the intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435185,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M9MNEU8G,1991-01-01,"Ytzhak Katz, Ygal Vardi",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:27:44Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850609108435185,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1964127238,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1964127238,,,1991.0,, 5671,Vietnam Revisited: The United States and Diem's Death,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435184,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3RYPKEW9,1991-01-01,B. Hugh Tovar,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:27:17Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/08850609108435184,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2004694711,0.0,False,,,,1991.0,, 5672,Issues in Evaluating U.S. Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435182,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WVBBJ8XG,1991-01-01,Michael A. Turner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:26:49Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850609108435182,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015530116,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015530116,2012.0,2016.0,1991.0,,21.0 5673,Intelligence and economic security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435178,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DQCU6NPA,1991-01-01,Jeffrey W. Wright,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:26:14Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609108435178,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066799593,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066799593,2014.0,2014.0,1991.0,,23.0 5674,Espionage and sabotage in the computer world,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435177,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A2X5BVFS,1991-01-01,Peter E. Sakkas,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:25:59Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850609108435177,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998217035,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998217035,,,1991.0,, 5675,Presidential powers and foreign intelligence operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435176,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UV5874AM,1991-01-01,Fred F. Manget,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:25:39Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850609108435176,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015798794,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015798794,,,1991.0,, 5676,Learning about U.S. intelligence: Difficult but not impossible,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435172,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TCAGNFPQ,1991-01-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:24:50Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/08850609108435172,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083580240,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083580240,2023.0,2023.0,1991.0,,32.0 5677,Covert action comes home: Daniel Webster's secret operations against the citizens of Maine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435171,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FCUDHA6C,1991-01-01,Stephen F. Knott,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:24:29Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850609108435171,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2203984972,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2203984972,,,1991.0,, 5678,Treason in the KGB: New facts from inside,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435170,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M64WWZP3,1991-01-01,Tennent H. Bagley,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:23:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850609108435170,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071138836,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071138836,,,1991.0,, 5679,Intelligence and U.S. foreign policy: How to measure success?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435169,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QQD293PY,1991-01-01,Glenn Hastedt,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:23:42Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850609108435169,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968674626,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968674626,2014.0,2023.0,1991.0,,23.0 5680,The middle east power balance: Israels attempts to understand changes in Soviet‐Arab relations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435168,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ITDZKRFN,1991-01-01,"Gideon Doron, Gad Barzilai",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:22:57Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609108435168,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2025956580,0.0,False,,,,1991.0,, 5681,"Miscalculation, surprise and American intelligence after the cold war",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609108435166,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E6DVNXHJ,1991-01-01,James J. Wirtz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:21:06Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850609108435166,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999034853,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999034853,2025.0,2025.0,1991.0,,34.0 5682,The archives of Portugal: A guide to an intelligence treasure trove,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435161,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X52CZIV8,1990-01-01,Douglas L. Wheeler,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:20:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/08850609008435161,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023310516,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 5683,"The search for a second Zimmermann telegram: FDR, BSC, and the Latin American front",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435158,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PCE4D2Y9,1990-01-01,Francis Macdonnell,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:19:25Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850609008435158,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1984770789,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984770789,2016.0,2023.0,1990.0,,26.0 5684,Abating military espionage problems,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435157,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EQZW85XJ,1990-01-01,Anthony R. Moriarty,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:19:06Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850609008435157,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993421107,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 5685,The FBI's domestic intelligence operations: Domestic security in limbo,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435156,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N66AEHYK,1990-01-01,W. Raymond Wannall,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:18:54Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850609008435156,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2078383968,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078383968,,,1990.0,, 5686,Accountability for secret operations in Israel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435150,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PCCP9PQ6,1990-01-01,"Gideon Doron, Boaz Shapira",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:18:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850609008435150,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070335914,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070335914,,,1990.0,, 5687,Scandal in wartime Washington: The craufurd‐stuart affair of 1918,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435149,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R9GKTV2R,1990-01-01,Charles Maechling Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:17:57Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/08850609008435149,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993718385,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993718385,,,1990.0,, 5688,Thomas Jefferson's clandestine foreign policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435148,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZTC2NT6D,1990-01-01,Stephen F. Knott,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:17:40Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/08850609008435148,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081698978,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081698978,,,1990.0,, 5689,Understanding CIA's role in intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435146,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QYMPRTTT,1990-01-01,Michael A. Turner,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:17:02Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850609008435146,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1757836973,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1757836973,2013.0,2013.0,1990.0,,23.0 5690,The use of disinformation by democracies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435142,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MR2C3UIR,1990-01-01,Ladislav Bittman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:16:32Z,['MQMHZUFD'],10.1080/08850609008435142,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077556439,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077556439,2017.0,2025.0,1990.0,,27.0 5691,The Journalist's Connections: How Israel Got Russia's Biggest Pre‐glasnost Secret,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435140,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SZWUB66B,1990-01-01,"Yossi Melman, Dan Raviv",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:16:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850609008435140,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2066868708,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2066868708,2023.0,2023.0,1990.0,,33.0 5692,Intelligence support of military operations: A perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435138,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q74V3Y2D,1990-01-01,Joan G. Bullock,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:15:26Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850609008435138,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1964391148,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 5693,The Bush administration and national security policymaking: A preliminary assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435137,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/98AUHYUL,1990-01-01,Kevin V. Mulcahy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:14:59Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850609008435137,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1985078544,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1985078544,,,1990.0,, 5694,Reflections on covert action and its anxieties,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435129,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V7FYKJBA,1990-01-01,John Horton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:13:55Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850609008435129,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979756066,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979756066,2025.0,2025.0,1990.0,,35.0 5695,Glasnost and multilateral verification: Implications for the U.S. intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435127,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NWV6DGYU,1990-01-01,Michael Krepon,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:13:30Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850609008435127,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2003403834,0.0,False,,,,1990.0,, 5696,Kahn's law: A universal principle of intelligence?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435126,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TVLUYJLU,1990-01-01,George J.A. O'Toole,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:13:21Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850609008435126,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969094037,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969094037,2024.0,2024.0,1990.0,,34.0 5697,Intelligence policy and performance in Reagan's first term: A good record or bad?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435124,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U4SUAWPR,1990-01-01,Robert Ruhl Simmons,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:12:33Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850609008435124,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046844944,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046844944,,,1990.0,, 5698,Three intelligence blunders in Korea,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435120,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IQ9T5ZKY,1989-01-01,Peter C. Unsinger,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:03:17Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850608908435120,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031871664,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2031871664,2012.0,2025.0,1989.0,,23.0 5699,Influences on decisionmaking at the Bay of Pigs,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435119,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H3SCMQ6J,1989-01-01,Ronald C. Thomas Jr.,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T13:02:49Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850608908435119,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092565576,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092565576,2023.0,2023.0,1989.0,,34.0 5700,Mainstreaming military deception,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435118,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EP2WXAYP,1989-01-01,Stephen J. Cimbala,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:58:51Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850608908435118,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2040621983,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 5701,Naval Enigma: A missing link,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435117,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8JQQWX6,1989-01-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:58:27Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/08850608908435117,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054319267,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054319267,2021.0,2021.0,1989.0,,32.0 5702,Freedom of information: Developments in the United Kingdom,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435115,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VTGEE4F4,1989-01-01,Jeremy R. T. Lewis,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:57:54Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850608908435115,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994495397,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994495397,,,1989.0,, 5703,The watch committee and the national indications center: The evolution of U.S. strategic warning 1950–1975,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435109,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXVRQ35R,1989-01-01,Cynthia M. Grabo,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:57:30Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/08850608908435109,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2040751720,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040751720,2013.0,2017.0,1989.0,,24.0 5704,Israeli Intelligence: Utility and Cost‐Effectiveness in Policy Formation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435108,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4BQA2U5M,1989-01-01,"Gideon Doron, Reuven Pedatzur",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:56:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850608908435108,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045406719,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045406719,,,1989.0,, 5705,The first Moscow station: An espionage footnote to cold war history,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435107,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PDW2KI4F,1989-01-01,Richard Harris Smith,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:56:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850608908435107,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019375253,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019375253,,,1989.0,, 5706,Strategic intelligence: An American perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435106,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RIVVTVVQ,1989-01-01,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:55:47Z,['D67KFVND'],10.1080/08850608908435106,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046327048,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046327048,,,1989.0,, 5707,Determining U.S. intelligence policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435100,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZW6NPGFR,1989-01-01,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:55:20Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/08850608908435100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069596104,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069596104,,,1989.0,, 5708,The national security council and the shaping of U.S. foreign policy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435098,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/75LAGBTB,1989-01-01,"Cecil V. Crabb Jr., Kevin V. Mulcahy",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:43:18Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850608908435098,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077467520,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077467520,2024.0,2024.0,1989.0,,35.0 5709,The imperial Japanese Navy and espionage: The Itaru Tachibana case,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435094,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X9EDMFY2,1989-01-01,Pedro Loureiro,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:42:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850608908435094,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972331900,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972331900,2015.0,2018.0,1989.0,,26.0 5710,Intelligence and the strategic Bombing of Germany: The combined strategic targets committee,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435093,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RJWX8JK3,1989-01-01,Alfred C. Mierzejewski,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:41:47Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850608908435093,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043940204,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043940204,2012.0,2012.0,1989.0,,23.0 5711,Benjamin Franklin: American spymaster or British mole?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435090,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/87J9MSBK,1989-01-01,George J. A. Otoole,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:41:02Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/08850608908435090,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2031258730,0.0,False,,,,1989.0,, 5712,Tricks of the trade: Counterintelligence interrogation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435013,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E2K26RMU,1986-01-01,William R. Johnson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T10:37:10Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850608608435013,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972125368,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972125368,2012.0,2012.0,1986.0,,26.0 5713,Great expectations and lost illusions: Soviet use of Eastern European proxies in the Third World,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435088,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7LNAIRYM,1989-01-01,Igor Lukes,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:39:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850608908435088,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092387615,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092387615,2017.0,2017.0,1989.0,,28.0 5714,CIA‐Bashing Time Again: Covert Action Is the Blunt Instrument,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608808435051,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/35KVGAJ5,1988-01-01,David Atlee Phillips,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:35:07Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850608808435051,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973578227,0.0,False,,,,1988.0,, 5715,Amorphous Wars,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608808435049,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/54BL66PS,1988-01-01,Stephen J. Cimbala,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:34:50Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850608808435049,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4231575513,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4231575513,2016.0,2016.0,1988.0,,28.0 5716,Sharing Ultra in World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608808435048,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/86KUVTFK,1988-01-01,Bradley F. Smith,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:34:24Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/08850608808435048,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013876662,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013876662,2014.0,2020.0,1988.0,,26.0 5717,"RX: Intelligence communications — Use acronyms, allegories, and metaphors only as directed",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608808435046,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TZ66GLI6,1988-01-01,James H. Hansen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:34:02Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/08850608808435046,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064207868,0.0,False,,,,1988.0,, 5718,The Ottoman Special organization - Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa : an inquiry into its operational and administrative characteristics,Thesis,http://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/handle/11693/29115,"The usage or misuse of the terms, “intelligence” and “band”, has culminated in the production of a number of irreconcilable Special Organization (hereafter SO) definitions in literature, thereby leading to complications in the limitation of the scope of the subject matter. This thesis argues that the most effective way to understand and grasp the SO is closely related to the conceptualization of the term, “Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa”. In this way, a simple definitional model of the SO is produced, thus eliminating some ambiguities about the subject from the outset. This definition emphasizing the nature of the SO is also expected to act as an epistemic guide for the clarification of the operational and administrative characteristics of the SO.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EA9Q5IH6,2012-09-01,Polat Safi,,,2020-06-05T10:17:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",,,Master's Thesis,Bilkent University,,,,,,,,, 5719,Turco-Iranica I: An Ottoman Intelligence Report on Late Fifteenth/Ninth Century Iranian Foreign Relations,Journal article,https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/372687,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FGGTG2IL,1979-01-01,John E. Woods,The University of Chicago Press,Journal of Near Eastern Studies,2024-01-16T19:50:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1086/372687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1972671680,47.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1972671680,2012.0,2024.0,1979.0,,33.0 5720,History in the Trench: The Ottoman Special Organization – Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa Literature,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2011.553898,"Aside from a few exceptional works, studies on the subject of the Ottoman Special Organization (SO, Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa) are marred by confusing, vague, and inconsistent sets of arguments and assumptions. This may be attributed to certain methodological and linguistic shortcomings of particular studies and a general laziness in the use of existing primary and secondary sources. It is also an outcome of the degree to which contemporary political and ideological currents and concerns colour the nature of the historical inquiry into the subject. Based on a comprehensive and systematic critical reading of existing literature in the light of certain sets of hitherto unused archival material, the present study aims to re-open to discussion such historiographical problems both by revisiting the most speculative, and well-trodden, research topics in the literature, such as the very nature of the organization as well as its administrative features, and offering insights into the potential(s) of certain little-explored Turkish archives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/747NHZT7,2012-01-30,Polat Safi,Routledge,Middle Eastern Studies,2020-06-05T10:17:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/00263206.2011.553898,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2049242243,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2049242243,2013.0,2026.0,2012.0,,1.0 5721,Turkey’s intelligence diplomacy during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2016.1165534,"The Turks avoided becoming ensnared in the devastation of the Second World War and also increased their own technical capabilities by way of an exchange of their partial support for Western military and intelligence activities in the region. However, the Turkish leadership demonstrated repeated doubts and hesitancy about Western aims even when the Axis forces were in its doorstep, fearing a possible Anglo-Soviet agreement regarding Turkey which would ultimately jeopardize the country’s political and territorial integrity. As the host country of the signals intelligence facilities, the Turks did not simply tried to take their share from the intelligence, endeavoured to direct the intelligence liaison in their favour. Particularly Ankara employed intelligence diplomacy as a mechanism to maintain the country’s independence and territorial integrity. There were powerful and arguably compelling reasons for pursuing such intelligence diplomacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TZ5WPAT2,2016-04-18,Egemen B. Bezci,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2021-04-07T18:58:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2016.1165534,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2335890362,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2335890362,2020.0,2026.0,2016.0,,4.0 5722,Pre-Pacific War Japanese espionage and propaganda activities in Australia: a case of too little too late,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2018.1537035,"Leading up to the Pacific War, Japanese legations around the world undertook significant espionage and propaganda activities to either collect intelligence on potential adversaries, or to shape local opinion favourably towards Japanese expansionist policies. Australia was no exception. Japanese diplomats based in Sydney worked closely with Japanese corporations and local enablers in coordinating covert and overt activities which assisted Japan in preparing for war in the Pacific, and ultimately for war against Australia. Although Japan failed to collect high value military intelligence against Australia, and its subtle and well-organised local propaganda campaign could not erase negative public perceptions of Japanese militarism in China, its vast economic intelligence collection activities likely proved highly useful in rebuilding post-war relations with Australia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XAEFVL36,2019-01-02,James Llewelyn,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:56:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/16161262.2018.1537035,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2898510335,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 5723,Shedding light on the rising Sun,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608808435045,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V462T29Y,1988-01-01,John Vito Deluca,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:15:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850608808435045,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2320774180,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2320774180,,,1988.0,, 5724,Soviet naval capabilities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435040,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EFSDI4NE,1986-01-01,Jan S. Breemer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:13:26Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850608608435040,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055040587,0.0,False,,,,1986.0,, 5725,The intelligence services of West Germany,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435037,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LR4UUHDB,1986-01-01,Tom Polgar,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:13:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850608608435037,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086267704,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086267704,2022.0,2022.0,1986.0,,36.0 5726,Deception on a grand scale,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435036,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PG6Z6ESC,1986-01-01,Natalie Grant,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:12:46Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850608608435036,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976323511,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976323511,2016.0,2023.0,1986.0,,30.0 5727,Hannibal's Spies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435023,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CTV9CC4R,1986-01-01,Rose Mary Sheldon,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:11:08Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/08850608608435023,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996431721,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996431721,2013.0,2025.0,1986.0,,27.0 5728,“Machiavelli” Views World War II Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435022,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LUILCKE4,1986-01-01,Mario Toscano,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:11:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850608608435022,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973364051,0.0,False,,,,1986.0,, 5729,Nuggets from intelligence history,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435014,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EJGFXR3F,1986-01-01,Edward F. Sayle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:10:32Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/08850608608435014,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059933741,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059933741,2015.0,2015.0,1986.0,,29.0 5730,Covert activities and intelligence operations: Congressional and executive roles redefined,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435010,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RAH25KDW,1986-01-01,J. Thompson Strong,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:08:07Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/08850608608435010,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2012636059,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2012636059,,,1986.0,, 5731,Defection and redefection,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435008,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CC9BSCV9,1986-01-01,Tom Polgar,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:07:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850608608435008,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109358987,0.0,False,,,,1986.0,, 5732,"Evidence, intelligence and the soviet threat",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435007,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C5H4Y47M,1986-01-01,G. Murphy Donovan,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:07:26Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850608608435007,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079486023,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079486023,,,1986.0,, 5733,International Terrorism: A Challenge for U.S. Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608435001,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F6LYBXJW,1986-01-01,James Berry Motley,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:05:54Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850608608435001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1973811999,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973811999,,,1986.0,, 5734,Empathy as an intelligence tool,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608434999,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZEYA4YV9,1986-01-01,Ralph K. White,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:05:25Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850608608434999,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082850710,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082850710,2021.0,2025.0,1986.0,,35.0 5735,The elephants and the gorillas,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608434998,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KPG5PY79,1986-01-01,William R. Johnson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:05:09Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850608608434998,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054664119,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054664119,,,1986.0,, 5736,What's wrong with the intelligence process?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608434997,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZT9WQDC8,1986-01-01,Robert Jervis,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:04:24Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850608608434997,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079802473,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079802473,2012.0,2025.0,1986.0,,26.0 5737,The historical underpinnings of the U.S. intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608608434996,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y6AV4JN6,1986-01-01,Edward F. Sayle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T12:04:09Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850608608434996,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974384207,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974384207,2014.0,2014.0,1986.0,,28.0 5738,Intelligence and Propaganda in the Cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Afghanistan - Cambridge Scholars Publishing,Book,https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-5275-8540-9,"This book questions the efficiency of propaganda and the affiliated intelligence functions of international organisations by sampling NATO and, to some extent, the UN in peace operations. It examines NATO operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Afghanistan in detail as comparative analysis, and considers the commitment of the US military since this is the main driver of the bulk of NATO activities. In addition, the book covers the communication and intelligence activities of the opposing elements in both Bosnia and Afghanistan to offer another comparative approach.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F5KXKQEY,2022-07-21,Murat Aslan,Cambridge Scholars Publishing,,2024-01-25T12:02:19Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5739,Why Intelligence Analysis Matters?,Book chapter,https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-5275-7604-9,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TRFG8BXS,2021-11-10,Alp C. Arslan,Cambridge Scholars Publishing,,2024-01-25T12:01:12Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,The Role of Intelligence and State Policies in International Security,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5740,Syrian Civil War and Its Impact on the Turkish Intelligence Community,Book chapter,https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-5275-7604-9,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2N2NBG7I,2021-11-10,Ahmet Ateş,Cambridge Scholars Publishing,,2024-01-25T11:59:46Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,The Role of Intelligence and State Policies in International Security,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5741,The Role of Intelligence and State Policies in International Security - Cambridge Scholars Publishing,Book,https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-5275-7604-9,The Role of Intelligence and State Policies in International Security - Cambridge Scholars Publishing,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TR47U6IF,2021-11-10,Mehmet E. Erendor,Cambridge Scholars Publishing,,2024-01-25T11:58:16Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5742,"Stalin, Mao, Communism, and their 21st-Century Aftermath in Russia and China",Book,https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-5275-6437-4,"This book describes salient and momentous events, as well as gruesome episodes, in the history of communism under Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union and Mao Tse-tung in China, and narrates succinctly the historic major happenings that have taken place since that time up to the 21st century, such as hostilities, espionage, and actual confrontations—occurrences that have affected relations between those two nations vis-à-vis the West and the United States. The author corrects the historic record where it needs amending given new information that has come to light, and redresses political biases that have arisen and to which none of us are immune. This book serves as a sincere warning about the evils not only of the full-blown imposition of totalitarianism via revolution, but also of the implementation of socialism and authoritarianism via evolution, asserting that full economic and political freedom is always best.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L9E34INB,2024-01-17,Miguel A. Faira,Cambridge Scholars Publishing,,2024-01-25T11:55:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5743,AI emotion-detection software tested on Uyghurs,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57101248,A software engineer tells BBC's Panorama about installing the system in police stations in Xinjiang.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E59YGFT8,2021-05-25T23:40:00.000Z,Jane Wakefield,,,2021-05-26T09:54:26Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5744,The Sentinel State: Surveillance and the Survival of Dictatorship in China,Book,https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674257832,"Countering recent hype around technology, a leading expert argues that the endurance of dictatorship in China owes less to facial recognition AI and GPS tracking than to the human resources of the Leninist surveillance state.For decades China watchers argued that economic liberalization and increasing prosperity would bring democracy to the world’s most populous country. Instead, the Communist Party’s grip on power has only strengthened. Why? The answer, Minxin Pei argues, lies in the effectiveness of the Chinese surveillance state. And the source of that effectiveness is not just advanced technology like facial recognition AI and mobile phone tracking. These are important, but what matters more is China’s vast, labor-intensive infrastructure of domestic spying.Central government data on Chinese surveillance is confidential, so Pei turned to local reports, police gazettes, leaked documents, and interviews with exiled dissidents to provide a detailed look at the evolution, organization, and tactics of the surveillance state. Following the 1989 Tiananmen uprising, the Chinese Communist Party invested immense resources in a coercive apparatus operated by a relatively small number of secret police officers capable of mobilizing millions of citizen informants to spy on those suspected of disloyalty. The CCP’s Leninist bureaucratic structure—whereby officials and party activists penetrate every sector of society and the economy, from universities and village committees to delivery companies, telecommunication firms, and Tibetan monasteries—ensures that Beijing’s eyes and ears are truly everywhere.While today’s system is far more robust than that of years past, it is modeled after mass surveillance implemented under Mao Zedong and Chinese emperors centuries ago. Rigorously empirical and rich in historical insight, The Sentinel State is a singular contribution to our knowledge about coercion in the Chinese state and, more generally, the survival strategies of authoritarian regimes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WHBJADQZ,2024-02-13,Minxin Pei,Harvard University Press,,2024-01-25T11:50:49Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5745,Ex-U.S. ambassador accused of being Cuba’s secret agent since 1981,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/12/04/ambassador-cuba-spy-manuel-rocha/,The U.S. attorney general called Manuel Rocha’s case “one of the highest-reaching and longest-lasting infiltrations” of the U.S. government by a foreign agent.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CDX3QW88,2023-12-04,"Devlin Barrett, Mary Beth Sheridan, Karen DeYoung",,Washington Post,2024-01-25T11:50:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5746,The CIA’s Orwell Project: How Animal Farm (1954) was Made,Journal article,https://kiss.kstudy.com/Detail/Ar?key=4065323,"This study explores the impact of America’s Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) on the making of the movie Animal Farm (1954), which is an adaptation of a novel by the same title, written by the British writer, George Orwell and published in 1946. During the Cold war the CIA was heavily involved in producing the film adaptation of Orwell’s Animal Farm to spread anti-Soviet and anti-communist propaganda. The movie was created as political propaganda to convey the CIA’s specific political messages, not Orwell’s. First, this paper describes the CIA’s covert affairs regarding the making of the film, and then it examines the specific factors that encouraged governmental control over the movie Animal Farm. Through such an examination, this study speculates on the depth of the CIA’s interference and explores what would be a proper and ethical relationship between the state and literature.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KFIGXT4Y,2023-12-01,Joori Lee,,American Studies,2024-01-25T11:48:13Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5747,Early Cold War Counterinsurgency: The Romanian Campaign in Comparative Perspective (1944-1962),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2024.2307818,"This paper offers a comparison between Romanian communist counterinsurgency (1944–1962) and similar campaigns fought by Western and Eastern governments in the early Cold War, in particular those waged by the British and French governments in their African, Asian and European colonies and those of the Soviet Union in its borderlands. The comparison focuses on three main components, population control, intelligence and military operations. Highlighting both similarities and differences across different cultural, economic, geographical, ethnic and political landscapes, the perspective laid out in this paper is an argument in favour of systematic and sustained comparative approaches to asymmetric warfare.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z3PD8YWQ,2024-01-21,Andrei Miroiu,Routledge,Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies,2024-01-25T11:46:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/19448953.2024.2307818,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391078201,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 5748,"Cyber Intelligence: Actors, Policies, and Practices",Book,https://www.rienner.com/title/Cyber_Intelligence_Actors_Policies_and_Practices,"US national security compromised by Wikileaks. Towns held hostage by ransomware. Corporate websites hacked. Cyber espionage and cybercrimes are increasing in both frequency and sophistication—requiring the collection of actionable intelligence in order to combat them. Constance Uthoff provides a comprehensive overview of cyber intelligence, explaining what it is, why it is needed, who is doing it, and how it is done. Notably, Cyber Intelligence: • Outlines the roles of the major US intelligence agencies involved. • Assesses significant laws and policies from the 1990s to the present. • Compares methods and best practices across the public and private sectors. • Looks beyond the US to explore the capabilities of actors like China, Iran, and Russia. • Includes real-world examples and case studies. The result is an in-depth examination of the processes and applications of spying in cyberspace, accessible to a wide range of readers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W7GIMZED,2022-01-01,Constance S. Uthoff,Lynne Rienner Publishers,,2024-01-25T11:43:11Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5749,The Hidden War in Argentina: British and American Espionage in World War II,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/hidden-war-in-argentina-9781350168862/,"Though officially neutral until March 1945, Buenos Aires played a key role during World War II as a base for the South American intelligence operations of the major powers. The Hidden War in Argentina reveals the stories of the spymasters, British, Americans and Germans who plotted against each other throughout the Second World War in Argentina. In Buenos Aires, Johannes Siegfried Becker – codename 'Sargo' – was the man responsible for organizing most of the Nazi intelligence gathering in Latin America and the leader of 'Operation Bolivar', which sought to bring South America into the war on the side of the Axis powers. After the attack on Pearl Harbor the US state department pressured every South American country to join it in declaring war on Germany, and J Edgar Hoover authorized huge investments in South American intelligence operations. Argentina continued to refuse to join the conflict, triggering a US embargo that squeezed the country's economy to breaking point. Buenos Aires continued to be a hub for espionage even as the war in Europe was ending – hundreds of high-ranking Nazi exiles sought refuge there. This book is based on newly declassified files and details of the operations of MI6, the Abwehr, the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and the FBI, as well as the OSS and the SOE. Most significantly, The Hidden War in Argentina reveals for the first time the coups of Britain's MI6 in South America.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R75CN2HR,2019,Panagiotis Dimitrakis,Bloomsbury,,2022-03-03T15:25:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5750,"The Cuba Project: CIA Covert Operations, 1959-62",Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DlcLAAAAYAAJ,"This is an intriguing tale of a ""regime change"" project that failed. The CIA's ""Cuba Project"" to remove Fidel Castro became the largest ever covert action program conducted by one nation against another. It included assassination plots, sabotage and terrorist activities, paramilitary invasion plans and bizarre psychological warfare schemes. This account reads almost like a crime novel, but as the former head of Cuban counterintelligence, Fabian Escalante was actually a key protagonist in this drama. Fabián Escalante is a former head of Cuban counterintelligence and is internationally regarded as Cuba's foremost authority on U.S. covert operations against Cuba and assassination plots against Fidel Castro. He also directed Cuba's 1978 investigation into the assassination of President Kennedy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JK3I3HJP,2004,Fabián Escalante Font,Ocean Press,,2024-01-25T10:20:46Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5751,"Cuban Intelligence Activities Directed at the United States, 1959–2007",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600902896928,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QEJE3YXK,2009-06-01,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T10:19:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850600902896928,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024957783,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024957783,2020.0,2021.0,2009.0,,11.0 5752,The other hidden hand: Soviet and Cuban intelligence in Allende’s Chile,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1407549,"The role of Soviet and Cuban covert activities in Allende’s Chile has not been given sufficient consideration. This paper outlines the significant actions that the KGB and the Cuban DGI undertook there, showing that both organizations played important roles in both operating directly against the CIA and by supporting local actors. The results of their efforts, however, may have been negative to Allende’s coalition by focusing on factional or ideological interests. A broad array of sources is brought together to shed light on this historical gap. The result is a new paradigm in which we can consider this dramatic period.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WGD6JJNF,2017-12-01,"Kristian Gustafson, Christopher Andrew",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-12-29T07:21:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2017.1407549,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2772516846,55.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2772516846,2018.0,2025.0,2017.0,,1.0 5753,"Cold War politics, Cuba, and Spy vs. Spy",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2019.1582545,"Spy vs. Spy was a seminal part of Mad Magazine, and was popular in no small part due to its wordless nature of telling stories which were both futile as well as neutral in the outcome. At the same time, the history of the creator, Antonio Prohias, was one of political struggle, freedom of speech, and the intense hatred of all things communist by the US intelligence community. This essay looks at the development of Spy vs Spy, the similarities of the stories to the real plots to kill Castro, and the legacy of the feature even to the current day.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/87J4IEC6,2020-05-03,Cord A. Scott,Routledge,Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics,2024-01-25T10:17:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/21504857.2019.1582545,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2923925667,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2923925667,2021.0,2026.0,2019.0,,2.0 5754,Cuba and the Secret World,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.1692310,"This article explores the career of Maj. Juan Rodríguez, who served in Cuban intelligence from 1958 to 1987. It discusses the origins and nature of the Castro regime’s security and intelligence services, including the development and prioritization of their missions. It identifies the milestones that defined these services’ institutional history. It connects this history to US–Cuban relations in the post-Cold War period. And it proposes a research agenda that will contribute to more equitable and integrated approaches to the modern and contemporary history of the Americas and the developing world, and to more diverse and representative security and intelligence studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CDH7ZQ6Z,2021-01-02,James Lockhart,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-01-25T10:16:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/07075332.2019.1692310,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4239022798,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4239022798,2021.0,2021.0,2019.0,,2.0 5755,Exploring the relationship between crypto AG and the CIA in the use of rigged encryption machines for espionage in Brazil,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2020.1842328,"In this article, we explore how the United States developed an intelligence strategy that, since the Cold War, has been based on relationships with private high-tech companies. Specifically, we analyse documents that demonstrate that the Swiss company Crypto AG—a supplier of cryptographic equipment to more than 120 countries—was controlled by the CIA. We analyse the implications of this for Brazil, in a comparative perspective with the experience of these other nations. Our methodology includes: (1) analysis of documents recently declassified by the US and Brazil; (2) analysis of budget expenditure data; (3) information made available by Crypto AG on its international operations. In our conclusion, we highlight the irrefutability of the relationship established between the CIA and Crypto AG, which lasted from the 1950s to 2018. Finally, we present documents that show that Brazil continued to buy cryptographic equipment from Crypto AG for its Armed Forces until 2019.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RU6ZPFJ8,2023-01-02,"Vitelio Brustolin, Dennison de Oliveira, Alcides Eduardo dos Reis Peron",Routledge,Cambridge Review of International Affairs,2024-01-25T10:16:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/09557571.2020.1842328,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3105423301,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3105423301,2022.0,2022.0,2020.0,,2.0 5756,"Czechoslovakia and Brazil 1945-1989; Diplomats, businessmen, spies and guerrilheiros",Journal article,https://www.cejiss.org/czechoslovakia-and-brazil-1945-1989-diplomats-businessmen-spies-and-guerrilheiros,"This work summarises political, economic and security relations be- tween Czechoslovakia and Brazil from 1945 to 1989. During this pe- riod Brazil adopted different approaches towards the Eastern bloc. In this context, despite some difficulties, Czechoslovakia not only main- tained diplomatic relations with Brazil, but succeeded in enhancing them gradually. This work answers the following questions: why was the partnership stable despite acute ideological divergences? What major obstacles plagued their relations? Was Czechoslovakia active in the fight against the military regime due to its international com- mitments within the Eastern bloc? The results suggest that two major facts were decisive for the stable position of Czechoslovakia in Brazil: a strong tradition of bilateral relations and that both sides saw econom- ic advantages in keeping the mutual trade flows. Czechoslovakia was involved in some propaganda and intelligence activities which were seen as hostile by the Brazilian government; though the former was thoughtful enough to avoid major incidents. This research is based on unpublished documents from Czech archives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N72F8LAC,2013-01-01,Matyáš Pelant,,Central European Journal of International and Security Studies,2024-01-25T10:14:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5757,Triggering the Norms Cascade: Brazil's Initiatives for Curbing Electronic Espionage,Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/gg/21/3/article-p455_7.xml,"""Triggering the Norms Cascade: Brazil's Initiatives for Curbing Electronic Espionage"" published on 19 Aug 2015 by Brill | Nijhoff.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CW5MSRXP,2015-08-19,"Adriana Erthal Abdenur, Carlos Frederico Pereira da Silva Gama",Brill Nijhoff,Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations,2024-01-25T10:13:59Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1163/19426720-02103007,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2206551810,36.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2206551810,2016.0,2024.0,2015.0,,1.0 5758,Democratization and Intelligence and Internal Security Agencies: A Comparative Analysis of the Cases of Brazil and Portugal (1974-2014),Journal article,https://www.scielo.br/j/bpsr/a/sK66kRJQR4yQVdRzv4jWBBm/?lang=en,"The development of intelligence and internal security institutions in Portugal and Brazil were directly influenced by the ways in which both countries transitioned to democracy and by the nature of their political regimes prior to the mid-1970s. This article compares these processes, highlighting how Brazilian and Portuguese intelligence and public security institutions and bodies developed over the course of the 20th century, and in particular following democratization of their political regimes. Our analysis examines the main factors explaining the arrangements adopted, and the obstacles and dilemmas encountered in the institutionalization of these services and of the new democratic regimes. The results suggest that the type of transition to democracy is the main factor explaining differences between the two cases. However, more comparative research is needed to deepen empirical and theoretical understandings and to allow for greater generalization about the relationship between changes in political regimes and reforms of coercive and intelligence institutions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WFG32D7U,2019-10-17,"Carlos S. Arturi, Júlio C. Rodriguez",Associação Brasileira de Ciência Política,Brazilian Political Science Review,2024-01-25T10:13:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1590/1981-3821201900020005,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2979842378,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2979842378,2021.0,2023.0,2019.0,http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bpsr/v13n2/1981-3821-bpsr-13-2-e0006.pdf,2.0 5759,Cyber Espionage in Brazil,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1148500,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LKAZ92MA,2016-07-02,Gills Vilar Lopes,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T10:11:38Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/08850607.2016.1148500,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2332556879,0.0,False,,,,2016.0,, 5760,Engaging Public Support and Awareness in Intelligence: The Demands and Challenges to Developing an Intelligence Culture,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1148484,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PSY3CLF3,2016-07-02,Irena Chiru,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T10:11:25Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1148484,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2323522141,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2323522141,2019.0,2023.0,2016.0,,3.0 5761,African Regional Intelligence Cooperation: Problems and Prospects,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1148479,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WIAYV3DV,2016-07-02,Lawrence E. Cline,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T10:11:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2016.1148479,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2330436174,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2330436174,2016.0,2026.0,2016.0,,0.0 5762,"Poland's Attempts to Develop a Democratic and Effective Intelligence System, Phase 1: 1989–1999",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1121040,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DEDJREZZ,2016-07-02,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T10:10:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850607.2016.1121040,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2333992676,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2333992676,2018.0,2023.0,2016.0,,2.0 5763,Chilean Intelligence after Pinochet: Painstaking Reform of an Inauspicious Legacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1263530,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XSP63KLN,2017-04-03,"Florina Cristiana Matei, Andrés de Castro García",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T10:08:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2017.1263530,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2587040444,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2587040444,2022.0,2023.0,2017.0,,5.0 5764,Transitional Justice and Intelligence Democratization,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1621106,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6JC6W3LY,2019-10-02,"Florina Cristiana Matei, Andrés de Castro García",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T10:05:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1621106,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2965748240,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2965748240,2021.0,2022.0,2019.0,,2.0 5765,Policymakers and Intelligence Reform in the New Democracies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2011.598784,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7N9AF6SY,2011-12-01,"Florina Cristiana Matei, Thomas C. Bruneau",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-25T10:02:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B4CCZ7Y8']",10.1080/08850607.2011.598784,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059214841,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059214841,2013.0,2026.0,2011.0,,2.0 5766,"Comparing Intelligence Democratization in Latin America: Argentina, Peru, and Ecuador Cases",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.915177,"This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the intelligence democratization process in new democracies comparing three South American countries: Ecuador, Peru, and Argentina. With a background of authoritarian legacies (‘political police’ style intelligence agencies controlled by the military) under particular political circumstances and changing strategic environments, these countries experienced disparate trajectories, prescriptions, and outcomes in their efforts to reform their intelligence communities. Drawing on new institutionalism, historical moments and relevant events shaping the dynamics of intelligence democratization are highlighted for each case, depicting failures and successes, and identifying drivers of change.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AIX2I7DZ,2014-07-04,Eduardo E. Estévez,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-25T10:02:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2014.915177,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2112271223,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2112271223,2017.0,2024.0,2014.0,,3.0 5767,Hearing on Chinese Intelligence Services and Espionage Operations,Hearing,https://www.uscc.gov/hearings/hearing-chinese-intelligence-services-and-espionage-operations,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LPY5RJLH,2016-06-09,,,,2024-01-25T00:23:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5768,The Chinese Intelligence Agencies: Evolution and Empowerment in Cyberspace,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190201265.003.0002,"In comparison with other major powers, relatively little has been written about the modern capabilities of the Chinese intelligence agencies. Little coverage is devoted to China’s contemporary intelligence capabilities, in particular in terms of successes in collecting against foreign targets. And there is nothing remotely comparable to the huge expansion in academic writings on all aspects of intelligence that has developed in the West since the end of the Cold War. For China’s intelligence community and corporate sector, cyber espionage has undoubtedly represented a step change in collection capabilities. It is unclear to what extent China’s top leadership has an effective policy grip on what is being done by its intelligence agencies and by other relevant actors in the cyber domain or has undertaken any kind of systematic risk/benefit analysis of such activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QLSPWIE2,2015-05-01,Nigel Inkster,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-25T00:21:19Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,"China and Cybersecurity: Espionage, Strategy, and Politics in the Digital Domain",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5769,"China and Cybersecurity: Espionage, Strategy, and Politics in the Digital Domain",Book,https://academic.oup.com/book/25744,"Abstract. Chinese cyber espionage is commonly portrayed in the West as a major threat to economic and national security. From China’s perspective, the United St",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C4K8YJ7G,2015/4/23,"Jon R. Lindsay, Tai Ming Cheung, Derek Reveron",Oxford University Press,,2024-01-25T00:20:21Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5770,National Security and Counterintelligence in the Era of Cyber Espionage,Book,https://www.igi-global.com/book/national-security-counterintelligence-era-cyber/www.igi-global.com/book/national-security-counterintelligence-era-cyber/137132,"As technology continues to advance, the threats imposed on these innovations also continue to grow and evolve. As such, law enforcement specialists diligently work to counteract these threats, promote national safety, and defend the individual rights of citizens. National Security and Counterintelligence in the Era of Cyber Espionage highlights technological advancements in intelligence systems and law enforcement in relation to cybercrime and reconnaissance issues. Focusing on current and emergent threats to national security, as well as the technological advancements being adopted within the intelligence field, this book is an exhaustive reference source for government officials, researchers, graduate-level students, and intelligence and enforcement specialists interested in novel measures in being implemented in the prevention of cybercrime and terrorism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UEG2QA5L,2015-11-01,Eugenie de Silva,IGI Global,,2024-01-25T00:19:09Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5771,Chinese Industrial Espionage: Technology Acquisition and Military Modernisation,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203630174/chinese-industrial-espionage-james-mulvenon-william-hannas-anna-puglisi,"This new book is the first full account, inside or outside government, of China’s efforts to acquire foreign technology. Based on primary sources and meticulously researched, the book lays bare China’s efforts to prosper technologically through others' achievements. For decades, China has operated an elaborate system to spot foreign technologies, acquire them by all conceivable means, and convert them into weapons and competitive goods—without compensating the owners. The director of the US National Security Agency recently called it ""the greatest transfer of wealth in history."" Written by two of America's leading government analysts and an expert on Chinese cyber networks, this book describes these transfer processes comprehensively and in detail, providing the breadth and depth missing in other works. Drawing upon previously unexploited Chinese language sources, the authors begin by placing the new research within historical context, before examining the People’s Republic of China’s policy support for economic espionage, clandestine technology transfers, theft through cyberspace and its impact on the future of the US. This book will be of much interest to students of Chinese politics, Asian security studies, US defence, US foreign policy and IR in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9WUHZR2X,2013-05-21,"William C. Hannas, James Mulvenon, Anna B. Puglisi",Routledge,,2024-01-25T00:15:28Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.4324/9780203630174,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4206691360,58.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206691360,2014.0,2026.0,2013.0,,1.0 5772,"Chinese Intelligence Operations: Espionage Damage Assessment Branch, US Defence Intelligence Agency",Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315037448/chinese-intelligence-operations-nicholas-eftimiades,"Nicholas Eftimiades examines the infiltration of Chinese espionage agents into foreign governments and private businesses. He specifically addresses the human source in intelligence operations, and how these tactics fit into the conduct of internal and foreigh affairs in China.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GVARAGMI,2016-06-11,Nicholas Eftimiades,Routledge,,2024-01-25T00:14:26Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.4324/9781315037448,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4302803237,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4302803237,2020.0,2023.0,2017.0,,3.0 5773,"Spying for the People: Mao's Secret Agents, 1949–1967",Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/spying-for-the-people/EB1413E1435C2241C92CB41F3C6C1FF6,"Since the end of the Cold War, the operations of secret police informers have come under the media spotlight and it is now common knowledge that vast internal networks of spies in the Soviet Union and East Germany were directed by the Communist Party. By contrast, very little historical information has been available on the covert operations of the security services in Mao Zedong's China. However, as Michael Schoenhals reveals in this intriguing and sometimes sinister account, public security was a top priority for the founders of the People's Republic and agents were recruited from all levels of society to ferret out 'counter-revolutionaries'. On the basis of hitherto classified archival records, the book tells the story of a vast surveillance and control apparatus through a detailed examination of the cultivation and recruitment of agents, their training and their operational activities across a twenty-year period from 1949 to 1967.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AJLLLWUJ,2013,Michael Schoenhals,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-25T00:12:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1017/CBO9781139084765,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1555132808,17.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1555132808,2015.0,2023.0,2013.0,http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB1252672X,2.0 5774,The Tao Of Spycraft: Intelligence Theory And Practice In Traditional China,Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/ralph-d-sawyer/the-tao-of-spycraft/9780813342405/,"In The Tao of Spycraft, for the first time anywhere Ralph Sawyer unfolds the long and venerable tradition of spycraft and intelligence work in traditional China, revealing a vast array of theoretical materials and astounding historical developments. Encompassing extensive translations of relevant portions of theoretical military manuals previously unknown in the West (such as the T’ai-pai Yin-ching, Hu-ling Ching, and Ping-fa Pai-yen), the book spans centuries to trace the development and expansion of agent concepts, insertion and control methods, recruitment, and covert practices such as assassination, subversion, and sexual entrapment and exploitation, going on to explore counter-intelligence and all aspects of military intelligence, including objectives, analysis and interpretation. But The Tao of Spycraft is more than an examination of military tactics, it also provides a thorough overview of the history of spies in China, emphasizing their early development, ruthless employment, and dramatic success in subverting famous generals, dooming states to extinction, and facilitating the rise of the first imperial dynasty known as the Ch’in. The cases discussed-particularly those exploiting women and sex-not only became part of China’s general mindset over the ages, but coupled with the theoretical writings remain the basis for the study and teaching of contemporary spycraft methods and practices as the PRC trains and aggressively deploys thousands of agents throughout the world, including the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/632JQCPF,2004-02-06,Ralph D. Sawyer,Hachette Books,,2024-01-25T00:11:34Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5775,Subversive Information: The Historical Thrust of Chinese Intelligence,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/725XBMYT,2013,Ralph D. Sawyer,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-25T00:08:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5776,The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West,Book,,"An experienced KGB agent who broke with the Communist Party to advocate democratic reform, chronicles his career in espionage, offering a candid look into the inner workings of the Soviet spy machine",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28VDU7Q9,1994-09-01,"Oleg Kalugin, Fen Montaigne",St Martins Pr,,2024-01-24T23:54:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5777,"The State Within a State: The KGB and Its Hold on Russia--past, Present, and Future",Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_State_Within_a_State.html?id=Q5-VQgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y,"In this riveting and immensely readable investigation, Yevgenia Albats, one of Russia's leading journalists, explodes the myth that the KGB died - or even faded away - when the Soviet empire broke apart. Albats makes the shocking claim that the same group which proudly traces its lineage to Stalin's brutally repressive secret police actually engineered the policy of perestroika, subtly and effectively controlling the overhaul of Soviet society in order to reposition itself at the top. Drawing on a wealth of unpublished documents from the KGB's secret files and on rare interviews with victims as well as interrogators, Albats chronicles the KGB's evolution into the world's largest secret police force. She shows how it infiltrated every structure of civil society and every aspect of daily life; how it choreographed the ""unsuccessful"" coup of August 1991; and how, despite its official dissolution in the new democratic Russia, the KGB is stronger than ever, having transformed itself from an instrument of state power to a state power in its own right.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CU4KJHQ6,1994-10-01,"Yevgenia Albats, Catherine A. Fitzpatrick",Farrar Straus Giroux,,2024-01-24T23:30:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5778,"The Arab World and Western Intelligence: Analysing the Middle East, 1956-1981",Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-the-arab-world-and-western-intelligence.html,"Have Western experts fundamentally failed to understand the dynamics, leaders and culture of the Middle East? Using the most recently declassified documents, interviews and Arabic sources, the book examines seminal case studies culminating in Sadat’s dramatic assassination and explores how the most knowledgeable and powerful intelligence agencies in the world have been so notoriously caught off guard in this region.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KF2CHH3F,2017-06-01,Dina Rezk,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-24T17:02:02Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5779,Reforming Egyptian Intelligence: Precedents and Prospects,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.699293,"In 2011 intelligence reform became a timely and pertinent topic in Egypt with the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak by mass demonstrations. Yet two outstanding questions persist: can Egyptian intelligence be reformed? What would intelligence reform entail in the Egyptian context? An examination of historical Egyptian intelligence reforms suggests that ‘reform’ in the Egyptian context usually means greater efficiency and centralization at the expense of public oversight and accountability. Prospects for fundamental intelligence reform are further hampered by Egypt's authoritarian traditions, its relatively weak legislature and judiciary, lack of an empowered civil society, censorship and an apparent official addiction to secrecy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6MF68CM2,2013-04-01,Owen L. Sirrs,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-01-21T09:55:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2012.699293,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038319084,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2038319084,2014.0,2026.0,2012.0,,2.0 5780,"Secrecy, spies and the global South: intelligence studies beyond the ‘Five Eyes’ alliance",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz200,"The study of secrecy and spies remain subjects dominated by Anglo-American experiences. In recent years there has been some effort to refocus the lens of research upon ‘intelligence elsewhere’, including the global South. This is partly because of intense interest in the Arab Spring and ‘managed democracy’, placing a wider range of secret services under the spotlight. However, the approach to research is still dominated by concepts and methods derived from studying the English-speaking states of the ‘Five Eyes’ alliance and their European outriders. This article calls for a re-examination of research strategies for Intelligence Studies and for those theorizing surveillance, suggesting that both fields have much to learn from area studies and development studies, especially in the realm of research practice and ethics. If the growing number of academics specializing in intelligence genuinely wish to move forward and examine the global South they will need to rethink their tool-kit and learn from other disciplines. We suggest there is a rich tradition to draw upon.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/999XKD4G,2019-11-01,"Zakia Shiraz, Richard J. Aldrich",,International Affairs,2024-01-24T16:09:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1093/ia/iiz200,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2981121089,17.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2981121089,2020.0,2025.0,2019.0,https://academic.oup.com/ia/article-pdf/95/6/1313/30391650/iiz200.pdf,1.0 5781,Another lesson learned in Afghanistan: the concept of cultural intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2016.1244485,"Culture has recently become a significant aspect of military operations; the ability to win ‘hearts and minds’ of a local population is gained through cultural awareness, a product of cultural intelligence. This article aims to discuss the role of culture during peace operations in particular, and population-centric military operations in general. In this context, the concept of cultural intelligence is discussed through the concepts of ‘power’, ‘intelligence’, and ‘culture’. The theoretical discussion raises the importance of cultural intelligence for the exercise of soft and smart power in operational areas. NATO’s International Security and Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan was chosen as a case study and the data were collected through interviews with an expert group of 45 individuals. These interviewees with field experience in peace operations provided a foundation for widening the theoretical approach. The article concludes with the interpretation of the obtained data. The research findings prove that the skill of conquering people’s hearts and minds in operation environments can be developed through cultural intelligence, and military leaders/political decision-makers should not neglect cultural intelligence as a soft power tool in peace operations as well as in population-centric military operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P4VT5VA3,2017-05-27,"Haldun Yalçınkaya, Yusuf Özer",Routledge,International Peacekeeping,2024-01-24T16:04:51Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/13533312.2016.1244485,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2539217638,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2539217638,2018.0,2022.0,2016.0,,2.0 5782,Canada’s integration into global intelligence-sharing networks: from Gouzenko to the Montreal Olympics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1518290,"The following article demonstrates how the 1945–6 Gouzenko Affair and the 1976 Montreal Olympics contributed to Canada’s integration into global intelligence-sharing networks. It also argues that the Olympics instigated a significant shift in national security priorities in Canada from communism to international terrorism. It is based on more than 2000 pages of documents released by the British government related to the Gouzenko Affair as well as over 50,000 pages of RCMP records on the security plan for the Montreal Olympics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ISIMZQAF,2018-11-10,Dominique Clément,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-24T16:03:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1518290,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2892603379,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2892603379,2023.0,2023.0,2018.0,,5.0 5783,‘We recommend compliance’: bargaining and leverage in Ethiopian–US intelligence cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03056244.2017.1368472,"Disputes over the costs and benefits of intelligence liaisons between the US and its African allies are routine. The contentious and largely overlooked bargaining processes that stem from these disputes call into question prominent depictions of US–African security partnerships as rigidly hierarchical alliances. Through an assessment of compliance bargaining between Ethiopia and the US over the terms of their intelligence liaison, this article posits that, despite the vast power asymmetry between these allies, Ethiopia routinely dictated and policed the terms of this liaison, while consistently leveraging it as means to acquire political concessions from the US.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B7E8K5M2,2017-07-03,Sobukwe Odinga,Routledge,Review of African Political Economy,2024-01-24T16:01:50Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/03056244.2017.1368472,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2752601322,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2752601322,2019.0,2026.0,2017.0,,2.0 5784,Spy Handler: Memoir of a KGB Officer: The True Story of the Man Who Recruited Robert Hanssen and Aldrich Ames,Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/victor-cherkashin/spy-handler/9780465009695/,"Victor Cherkashin’s incredible career in the KGB spanned thirty-eight years, from Stalin’s death in 1953 to the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. In this riveting memoir, Cherkashin provides a remarkable insider’s view of the KGB’s prolonged conflict with the United States, from his recruitment through his rising career in counterintelligence to his prime spot as the KGB’s number- two man at the Soviet Embassy in Washington. Victor Cherkashin’s story will shed stark new light on the KGB’s inner workings over four decades and reveal new details about its major cases. Cherkashin’s story is rich in episode and drama. He took part in some of the highest-profile Cold War cases, including tracking down U.S. and British spies around the world. He was posted to stations in the U.S., Australia, India, and Lebanon and traveled the globe for operations in England, Europe, and the Middle East. But it was in 1985, known as “the Year of the Spy,” that Cherkashin scored two of the biggest coups of the Cold War. In April of that year, he recruited disgruntled CIA officer Aldrich Ames, becoming his principal handler. Refuting and clarifying other published versions, Cherkashin will offer the most complete account on how and why Ames turned against his country. Cherkashin will also reveal new details about Robert Hanssen’s recruitment and later exposure, as only he can. And he will address whether there is an undiscovered KGB spy-another Hanssen or Ames-still at large. Spy Handler will be a major addition to Cold War history, told by one of its key participants.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S8I649B3,2005-11-01,"Victor Cherkashin, Gregory Feifer",Hachette Books,,2024-01-24T15:26:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5785,New memoirs from Moscow,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432377,"Nikolai Leonov, Likholetye [The Troubled Years] (Moscow: Mezhdunardonyye Otnosheniya 1995) Pp.400. ISBN 5–71330836–7. Vadim Bakatin, Izbavlenie of KGB [Deliverance from the KGB] (Moscow: Novosti, 1992). Pp.268. ISBN 5–7020–0721–2. Vadim Kirpichenko, It arkhiva razvedchika [From an Intelligence officer's archive] (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyye Otnosheniya 1993). Vadim Kirpichenko; Veterany vneshnei razvedki Rossii [Veterans of Russia's Foreign Intelligence service] (Moscow: Shizhba Vneshnei Razvedki 1995). Pp.174 Mikhail Lyubimov, Zapiski neputevogo rezidenta ili Will‐o'‐the‐wisp [Notes of a good‐for‐nothing resident, or Will‐o'‐the‐wisp] (Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya Literatura 1995). Pp.480. ISBN 5–280–03067–8. Leonid Shebarshin, Iz zhizni nachal‐nika razvedki [From the life of the Head of the Intelligence] (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnyye Otnosheniya 1994). Pp.192. ISBN 5–7133–0781–6. Oleg Kalugin, Spymaster (London: Smith Gryphon Publishers 1994). Pp.376. ISBN 82–574–1131–0. Viktor Grusjko, Mit Liv I KGB (My life in the KGB (Oslo: Gyldendal 1995). Pp.272. ISBN 82–574–1131–0. Yevgenia Albats, The State within a State (London: I.B. Tauris 1995). Pp.416. £10.95. ISBN 1–8504–3995–8.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9P8BCYGK,1996-07-01,Oleg Gordievsky,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-24T15:24:52Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529608432377,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051889873,0.0,False,,,,1996.0,, 5786,Russian Archives: Opportunities and Obstacles,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/088506099305052,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q3S48UZ7,1999-09-01,Amy Knight,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T15:24:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/088506099305052,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2094630190,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2094630190,2013.0,2013.0,1999.0,,14.0 5787,The KGB archives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432090,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RAHZN4XG,1991-01-01,Oleg Gordievsky,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-24T15:22:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684529108432090,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2135798714,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2135798714,2013.0,2013.0,1991.0,,22.0 5788,Soviet Security and Intelligence Organizations 1917-1990: A Biographical Dictionary and Review of Literature in English,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/soviet-security-and-intelligence-organizations-19171990-9780313283055/,"One of the hallmarks of the Soviet system was its heavy reliance on internal and foreign security and intelligence organizations. Not surprisingly, given the secrecy surrounding Soviet efforts in these areas, no biographical reference tools and few bibliographies have been published to date. In this context, Michael Parrish's work is a unique undertaking. In the first section to the volume, biographies are provided on some 4,000 officials in senior and mid-level positions who had served in Cheka, NKVD/RFSFR, GPU, KGB, and other organizations. Also included are officials of the Committee for State Control (formerly Ministry of State Control, and, before that, Commissariat of Workers and Peasants' Inspection). Prominent political personalities with earlier ties to security services, such as N.A. Bulganin, are listed even though such service formed only a brief part of their careers. Others listed include party officials, such as A.A. Kuznetsov, who at different times served as the Party's watchdog of security organs. Also included, because of their close association with repression and security organs, are members of Stalin's inner circle. The second part of the volume is a survey of books in English published between 1917 and 1990 which related to Soviet security and intelligence organizations. This is followed by a biographical addendum, a glossary of terms, and material showing the development of Soviet security organizations. No one concerned with current intelligence issues and the role of security organizations in Soviet life can ignore this volume.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5Z8QDLB8,1992-01-30,Michael Parrish,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-24T15:18:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5789,The HUMINT Offensive from Putin's Chekist State,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600601079958,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/842NRBAD,2007-02-19,Julie Anderson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T15:10:24Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850600601079958,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995639689,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995639689,2014.0,2025.0,2007.0,,7.0 5790,The Chekist Takeover of the Russian State,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483699,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLR8C6NR,2006-05-01,Julie Anderson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T15:09:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850600500483699,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020821991,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020821991,2013.0,2026.0,2006.0,,7.0 5791,Spies without Cloaks: The KGB's Successors,Book,https://press.princeton.edu/books/ebook/9781400821877/spies-without-cloaks,"This book offers a compelling and comprehensive account of what happened to the KGB when the Soviet Union collapsed and the world’s most powerful and dangerous secret police organization was uncloaked. As Amy Knight shows, the KGB was renamed and reorganized several times after it was officially disbanded in December 1991 — but it was not reformed. Knight’s rich and lively narrative begins with the aborted August 1991 coup, led by KGB hard-liners, and takes us through the summer of 1995, when the Russian parliamentary elections were looming on the horizon. The failed coup attempt was a setback for the KGB because it led to demands from Russian democrats for a complete overhaul of the security services. As a result, the KGB’s leaders were fired, its staff reduced, and its functions dispersed among several agencies. Even the elite foreign intelligence service was subjected to budget cuts. But President Yeltsin was reluctant to press on with reforms of the security services, because he needed their support in his struggle against mounting political opposition. Indeed, by the spring of 1995, the security services had regained much of what they had lost in the wake of the August coup. Some observers were even saying that they had acquired more power and influence than the old KGB. This story told by one of the foremost experts on the Soviet/Russian security services and enriched by face-to-face interviews with security professionals in Moscow, is crucial to understanding Russian politics in transition. It will fascinate scholars, policymakers, and general readers interested in the fate of the KGB.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E7PHDPTM,1997-12-22,Amy Knight,Princeton University Press,,2024-01-24T15:07:24Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5792,Soviet Leaders and Intelligence: Assessing the American Adversary during the Cold War,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Soviet-Leaders-and-Intelligence,"During the Cold War, the political leadership of the Soviet Union avidly sought intelligence about its main adversary, the United States. Although effective on an operational level, Soviet leaders and their intelligence chiefs fell short when it came to analyzing intelligence. Soviet leaders were often not receptive to intelligence that conflicted with their existing beliefs, and analysts were reluctant to put forward assessments that challenged ideological orthodoxy. There were, however, important changes over time. Ultimately the views of an enlightened Soviet leader, Gorbachev, trumped the ideological blinders of his predecessors and the intelligence service’s dedication to an endless duel with their ideologically spawned “main adversary,"" making it possible to end the Cold War. Raymond Garthoff draws on over five decades of personal contact with Soviet diplomats, intelligence officers, military leaders, and scholars during his remarkable career as an analyst, senior diplomat, and historian. He also builds on previous scholarship and examines documents from Soviet and Western archives. Soviet Leaders and Intelligence offers an informed and highly readable assessment of how the Soviets understood—and misunderstood—the intentions and objectives of their Cold War adversary.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/24MKBRHC,2015-08-01,Raymond L. Garthoff,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-24T15:02:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5793,Aquarium - The Career and Defection of a Soviet Military Spy,Book,,"English, Russian (translation)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B98M9A7A,1985-06-01,"Viktor Suvorov, D. Floyd",Hamish Hamilton Ltd,,2024-01-24T15:00:32Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5794,Secrecy: The communication dilemma of CIA,Journal article,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036381118780036X,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QEXD5DB9,1987-06-01,Dirk C. Gibson,,Public Relations Review,2024-01-24T14:56:40Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1016/S0363-8111(87)80036-X,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2105899269,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2105899269,2012.0,2023.0,1987.0,,25.0 5795,The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the the Third World: Newly Revealed Secrets from the Mitrokhin Archive,Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/christopher-andrew/the-world-was-going-our-way/9780465003136/,"In 1992, Vasili Mitrokhin, a former KGB archivist, snuck out of Russia carrying with him a vast cache of transcriptions of top-secret KGB intelligence files. The FBI later described his trove of documents as “the most complete and extensive intelligence ever achieved from any source.” Renowned historian Christopher Andrew had exclusive access to both Mitrokhin and his archive. In 1999, they published the explosive bestseller The Sword and the Shield, which provided a complete account of KGB operations in Europe and America. In The World Was Going Our Way, Andrew now chronicles the KGB’s extensive penetration of governments throughout the Third World-the battlefield on which the U.S.S.R. sought to achieve global supremacy. Andrew’s definitive account fundamentally revises the history of the Cold War, and sheds new light on the state of the world today. The KGB worked tirelessly for decades to foster anti-Americanism in the developing world, making this book essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the intractable hostility America faces in the ongoing war on terror.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NGPH6ASM,2006-10-10,"Christopher M. Andrew, Vasili Mitrokhin",Hachette Books,,2024-01-24T14:41:28Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5796,"The State Within a State: The KGB and its Hold on Russia - Past, Present, and Future",Book,https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374527389/thestatewithinastate,"A popular study of the KGB and its post-Soviet incarnation by the courageous and opinionated Russian journalist Yevgenia Albats, who was among the first to report on the organization in the post-Soviet Russian press. Based on extensive personal interviews with current and former agents and on material from the KGB archives, The State Within a State makes a compelling argument that the new incarnation of the KGB has grown not only in size but in influence since the fall of the Soviet Union, making it perhaps the most powerful political force in contemporary Russia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JPTPWBHA,1999-01-12,Yevgenia Albats,Macmillan,,2024-01-24T14:30:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5797,"Black Earth, Red Star: A History of Soviet Security Policy, 1917–1991",Book,https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801480072/black-earth-red-star/,R. Craig Nation provides the first post-Cold War history of the Soviets' seventy-five-year struggle to maintain an effective national security policy in a hostile world without altogether abandoning the commitment to their original internationalist...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RGH7C2BN,1993-08-19,R. Craig Nation,Cornell University Press,,2024-01-24T14:12:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5798,Arabizing the Omani intelligence services: Clash of cultures?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435235,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WL7IRRZ2,1994-03-01,"Dale F. Eickelman, M. G. Dennison",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T11:34:45Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609408435235,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046957578,35.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046957578,2014.0,2022.0,1994.0,,20.0 5799,Al Qaida's Views of Authoritarian Intelligence Services in the Middle East,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.489782,"Al Qaida and its jihadist allies shape their plans and operations substantially in response to threats they face from authoritarian intelligence services of the Middle East. While most jihadists initially believed that victory over their ‘near enemies’– so-called ‘apostate’ regimes – should be their top priority, the ruthlessly effective security apparatuses of their home countries were significant factors in the transition to ‘global jihadism’, which emphasized the fight against the ‘far enemy’: the United States. This article presents al Qaida's views of the region's domestic intelligence services by examining captured documents and open source materials.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4APY9P5M,2010-06-01,"Jessica M. Huckabey, Mark E. Stout",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-24T11:32:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2010.489782,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023428334,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023428334,2018.0,2018.0,2010.0,,8.0 5800,Intelligence Services and Political Transformation in the Middle East,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600490496407,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3MKADSAT,2004-12-01,Shlomo Shpiro,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T11:31:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600490496407,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1986232676,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986232676,2015.0,2025.0,2004.0,,11.0 5801,Lessons Learned from the CIA's Assessment of the Soviet Economy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1022461,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SSJEQHBY,2015-07-03,Timothy R. Walton,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T11:30:06Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2015.1022461,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1945778187,0.0,False,,,,2015.0,, 5802,Spider Web: Al-Qaeda's Link to the Intelligence Agencies of the Major Powers,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.992753,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IL8WDJI8,2015-07-03,Sergio E. Sanchez,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T11:29:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2015.992753,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1549761620,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1549761620,2017.0,2025.0,2015.0,,2.0 5803,The Palestinian Security Services: Between Police and Army,Blog post,https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/palestinian-security-services-between-police-and-army,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GE2ZKJW7,1998-11-13,Assaf Moghadam,,,2024-01-24T11:11:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5804,The Politics of Internal Security: The PA's New Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://online.ucpress.edu/jps/article/25/2/21/51816/The-Politics-of-Internal-Security-The-PA-s-New,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5IKTDNP9,1996-01-01,Graham Usher,University of California Press,Journal of Palestine Studies,2024-01-24T11:05:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.2307/2538181,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030424983,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030424983,2012.0,2022.0,1996.0,,16.0 5805,British Security Liaison in the Middle East: The Introduction of Police/Security Advisers and the Lebanon–Iraq–Jordan ‘Anti-Communist Triangle’ from 1949 to 1958,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.722763,"Using newly released and previously unexploited records, this article explores the existence of Anglo-Arab secret liaison and cooperation in instituting anti-communist measures in the early Cold War. It shows that owing to their concern about a war against the Soviet Union, the placing of a British security/police adviser in specific countries was the preferred method by Britain for checking and combatting communism in the Middle East. It argues that the development of the ‘anti-communist triangle’ (the security liaison between Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan) was largely influenced by British concern about the expansion of communist influence. Moreover, the expansion of British influence in the region also converged with the demands from Middle Eastern countries for a British expert in anti-communist measures. The article implies the importance of the role of secret liaison in historical enquiries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RTSZGMX8,2012-12-01,Chikara Hashimoto,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-24T10:35:34Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2012.722763,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023230085,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023230085,2017.0,2021.0,2012.0,,5.0 5806,IRAQI INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS AND OBJECTIVES IN TURKEY,Journal article,https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/alternatives/issue/1716/20970,IRAQI INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS AND OBJECTIVES IN TURKEY,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9U72M9HT,2003-09-01,Ibrahim Al-Marashi̇,Yalova University,Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations,2024-01-24T10:33:37Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5807,IRAQ’S SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE NETWORK: A GUIDE AND ANALYSIS,Journal article,https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/meria/ali02_01.pdf,"Ensuring the survival of President Saddam Hussein are five primary agencies that make up the Iraqi security apparatus: Special Security, General Security, General Intelligence, Military Intelligence and Military Security. In addition to preventing coups and protecting Saddam, these agencies, whose duties largely overlap, maintain internal domestic security and conduct foreign operations. These intelligence agencies along with the Ba’th Party organizations and select units of the military form Saddam’s security network, permeating every aspect of Iraqi life and ensuring his total control over the state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZTYXGRJ6,2002-09-01,Ibrahim Al-Marashi,,Middle East Review of International Affairs,2024-01-24T10:31:49Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5808,Syrian Statelets and Intelligence Games: Al-Sham’s New Mukhabarat,Magazine article,https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2017/10/03/syrian-statelets-and-intelligence-games-al-sham-s-new-mukhabarat/,A novel Alawite-Shi’a security network may be developing in the Assad statelet now defining western Syria. It consists of an archipelago layered with remnants of the Bashar al-Assad-era intelligence organizations along with Iraqi Shi’a and other pro-Assad militias.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GZEY6MC2,2017-10-03T15:08:00+00:00,Carl Anthony Wege,,Modern Diplomacy,2024-01-24T10:29:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5809,The Military-Intelligence Shakeup in Syria,Magazine article,https://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0202_s1.htm,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R6YGZ2WY,2002-02-01,Gary C. Gambill,,Middle East Intelligence Bulletin,2024-01-24T10:27:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5810,Assad's legions: The Syrian intelligence services,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850609008435130,"(1990). Assad's legions: The Syrian intelligence services. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 91-100.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A333STEL,1990-1-1,Carl Anthony Wege,Taylor and Francis,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T10:26:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850609008435130,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1990719514,30.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1990719514,2020.0,2023.0,1990.0,,30.0 5811,Hizb Allah’s Counterintelligence War,Journal article,https://ctc.westpoint.edu/hizb-allahs-counterintelligence-war/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/23M7YRNW,2012-02-16T12:17:51+00:00,Benedetta Berti,,Combating Terrorism Center at West Point,2024-01-24T10:12:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5812,Hizbollah–Syrian Intelligence Affairs: A Marriage of Convenience,Journal article,https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol4/iss3/2,"Since the 1980s, Hizbollah has emerged as the guardian of Lebanon's Shi'a and a stalking horse for Iran. Syria, though allied with Tehran, seeks to manage Hizbollah's freedom of action in Lebanon and is eyed cautiously in Damascus. Hizbollah has managed to maintain independence from these Syrian efforts because of both Lebanese Shi'a religious élan and the protection given Hizbollah by its Shi'a allies in Iran.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZN7I2V92,2011-09-01,Carl Wege,,Journal of Strategic Security,2024-01-24T10:11:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.5038/1944-0472.4.3.1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976381004,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976381004,2014.0,2022.0,2011.0,https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.3.1,3.0 5813,Hezbollah's Communication System: A Most Important Weapon,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.872532,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MV57U49B,2014-06-01,Carl Anthony Wege,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T10:09:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2014.872532,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987164509,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987164509,2017.0,2025.0,2014.0,,3.0 5814,The Intelligence Services in Lebanon During the War of 1975–1990,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435255,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/425J52X8,1994-09-01,Walid Phares,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-24T08:26:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/08850609408435255,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030022072,0.0,False,,,,1994.0,, 5815,A Case Study: Lebanon and the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/1994-2/lebanon-and-the-intelligence-community/,"Since 1987, the Central Intelligence Agency has funded a program with the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, on Intelligence and Policy. Under this program, which is managed by CIA ‘s Center for the Study of Intelligence, the Kennedy School conducts seminars and develops case studies that help to illuminate issues related to the use of intelligence by policymakers. This article is an abridged version of a case written in 1988 at the Kennedy School.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9ACKA5NB,1994,"David Kennedy, Leslie Brunetta",,Studies in Intelligence,2024-01-24T08:24:52Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5816,"Dead Mice, No Roars: The Jordanian Intelligence Service (Mukhaabaraat)",Magazine article,https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2016/08/12/dead-mice-no-roars-the-jordanian-intelligence-service-mukhaabaraat/,"While the Western mainstream media hail Jordan's Mukhaabaraat as a valuable ally in the fight against terrorism, the truth is quite different.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KRFY98ER,2016-08-12T18:10:13+00:00,"Taiyo ""Siraj"" Davis",,Foreign Policy Journal,2024-01-24T08:22:55Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5817,Emir Farid Chehab: “Father of the Lebanese Sûreté Générale”,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spy-Chiefs-Volume-2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DUR4HK8L,2018-02-01,Chikara Hashimoto,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-24T08:21:02Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,"Spy Chiefs: Volume 2: Intelligence Leaders in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5818,India’s Cold War Spy Chiefs: Decolonizing Intelligence in South Asia,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spy-Chiefs-Volume-2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4W928V9M,2018-02-01,Paul M. McGarr,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-24T08:20:36Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,"Spy Chiefs: Volume 2: Intelligence Leaders in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5819,"The Consummate Careerist: Erich Mielke, the German Democratic Republic’s Minister for State Security",Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spy-Chiefs-Volume-2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H9GEVSSN,2018-02-01,John Paul Maddrell,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-24T08:18:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,"Spy Chiefs: Volume 2: Intelligence Leaders in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5820,A Perfect Spy Chief? Feliks Dzerzhinsky and the Cheka,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spy-Chiefs-Volume-2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KPKZPLRS,2018-02-01,Iain Lauchan,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-24T08:17:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,"Spy Chiefs: Volume 2: Intelligence Leaders in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5821,Governing the European Intelligence: Multilateral Intelligence Cooperation in the European Union,Journal article,https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijps/issue/64480/900302,"Since intelligence is an essential part of national security, a high volume of cooperation in this area is not expected. An assessment of the literature shows that there are several obstacles to intelligence cooperation. More precisely, states are reluctant to involve in intelligence cooperation because of trust factors and other factors such as bureaucratic culture and resistance, regime type, lack of normative motivation and shared identities. Even if they are compelled to cooperate, they prefer bilateral intelligence cooperation. However, due to the globalization of national security threats in the last two decades, intelligence organizations are currently obliged to cooperate multilaterally even though they do not prefer to do so. Multilateral intelligence cooperation within the European Union is a unique example of relatively successful multilateral intelligence cooperation. On the one hand, official European intelligence agencies INTCEN and Europol provide the legal framework of intelligence cooperation among the Union. On the other hand, informal channels such as the Club of Berne are also proven useful for the EU’s intelligence cooperation. We argue that the relative success of European intelligence cooperation derives from at least three factors. These are institutionalized demand for intelligence governance, the delegated authority of the members of the EU’s (epistemic) intelligence community, and its ability to set the national security agenda of the EU.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9N6ZCC3G,2021-10-01,"Ahmet Ateş, Anıl Erkan",Association of International Politics and Security (INTPOLSEC),International Journal of Politics and Security,2024-01-24T08:16:12Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.53451/ijps.900302,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3211262851,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3211262851,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1651326,1.0 5822,Laying Hands on Arcana Imperii: Venetian Baili as Spymasters in Sixteenth-Century Istanbul,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spy-Chiefs-Volume-2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EYD4YLI9,2018-02-01,Emrah Safa Gurkan,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-24T08:09:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,"Spy Chiefs: Volume 2: Intelligence Leaders in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5823,The Spy Chiefs of Renaissance Venice: Intelligence Leadership in the Early Modern World,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spy-Chiefs-Volume-2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U69Y9ZDY,2018-02-01,Ioanna Iordanou,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-24T08:08:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,"Spy Chiefs: Volume 2: Intelligence Leaders in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5824,Egypt’s Spy Chiefs: Servants or Leaders?,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spy-Chiefs-Volume-2,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZPNK734A,2018-02-01,Dina Rezk,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-24T08:06:13Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,"Spy Chiefs: Volume 2: Intelligence Leaders in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5825,Staring Down the Mukhabarat: Rhizomatic Social Movements and the Egyptian and Syrian Arab Spring,Thesis,https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/5585,"Unable to enact change through the existing political institutions of their authoritarian regimes, and consistently repressed by state security forces (the mukhabarat), activists in Egypt and Syria relied on street activism to challenge their conditions. This study analyzes the Arab Spring uprisings in Egypt and Syria through the conceptual lens of a rhizome. Rhizomatic movements are horizontal, grassroots, and allow for the networking of local community-specific grievances, into larger national movements. This networking allows opposition members groups to build solidarity, construct collective identities, and develop a set of shared goals, strategies, and tactics. Furthermore, it provides for the transcendence of existing societal divides (such as religious, ideological, political, socio-cultural, and class), allowing participants to unite as a single force. Since a rhizome is horizontal and lacks a fixed structure, they are significantly more difficult to dismantle, as there is not a set leadership or hierarchy to target. Importantly, this rhizomatic logic integrates itself within the notion of viewing movements within larger cycles of protest or waves of contention. Rhizomatic movements are built through the praxis of networking, rather than through ideological networking. As such, the conditions and history of opposition movements provides important analytical considerations. This study, using process tracing, argues that the Egyptian revolution was rhizomatic in nature and thus able to pose a significant enough force to challenge Mubarak's regime. Although faced with brutal repression, activists remained coordinated, interconnected, and continued to mobilize. Conversely, the Syrian opposition, plagued by years of in-fighting among activists, was unable to develop as a rhizomatic force. Activists failed to sufficiently network, build collective identities, and develop common tactics. This hindered their ability to appeal to and mobilize large segments of the population that were discontent with Assad but still viewed him as the best option for their own interests. When faced with systematic suppression by Assad's regime, the opposition faltered, returning to their own respective individual self-interests and goals, allowing the regime to fragment their attempts at mobilization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JP4Y4KK4,2015-03-19,Stephen Strenges,,,2024-01-24T08:02:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Master's Thesis,University of South Florida,,,,,,,,, 5826,The National Intelligence Estimate Mechanism in Israel,Journal article,https://www.inss.org.il/strategic_assessment/the-national-intelligence-estimate-mechanism-in-israel/,"This essay examines the process by which intelligence estimates at the national level are prepared and presented in Israel. Unlike Israel, where every intelligence organization presents its own estimate to the government, the United States and the United Kingdom operate a single organization – appointed by the President or the Cabinet – that is responsible for formulating the national intelligence estimate. While such an umbrella organization is not recommended for Israel, Israel would do well to adopt some aspects of the estimate preparation processes in those nations, e.g., the systematic clarification of agreements and disagreements among the intelligence organizations before the estimates are presented to the government. In addition, absent an umbrella organization, the Military Intelligence Directorate in Israel should be left in charge of presenting national intelligence estimates, i.e., in charge of integration and the overall situation estimate. As such, the political echelon would be presented with a full and integrated intelligence estimate as well as a breakdown of the major issues and fundamental disagreements among the respective intelligence organizations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9J3BGYDN,2015-04-01,"David Siman-Tov, Shmuel Even",,Strategic Assessment,2024-01-24T07:59:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5827,Saudi Arabia's rapprochement with Israel: the national security imperatives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2018.1509853,"The purpose of this article is to examine the evolution of Israel's relations with Saudi Arabia since the establishment of the Jewish state in 1948. The author explains how the major events in the Middle East affected Saudi Arabia's foreign policy orientation. It shows how Saudi Arabia's policy toward Israel was affected by the deterioration in Saudi-Egyptian relations, by its quest for security in the Arabian Gulf region and by its aspiration to hegemony in the Middle East. The author argues that Saudi Arabia's policy toward Israel remained far less hostile than that of the Arab states surrounding Israel. In addition, it argues that it was not until 1973 that Saudi Arabia became seriously involved in the attempt to pressure Israel to withdraw from the territories it occupied in the Six-Day War. The author concludes by showing that neither Saudi Arabia's acquisition of the intelligence-gathering AWACS aircraft, nor Israel's invasion of Lebanon or the massacre of Palestinians in the refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila had a serious impact on the bilateral relations, and that it was not until the emergence of the Iranian nuclear threat that Saudi Arabia's relations with Israel began to improve.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZBVYLUUX,2019-05-04,Jacob Abadi,Routledge,Middle Eastern Studies,2024-01-24T07:56:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/00263206.2018.1509853,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2907685945,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2907685945,2020.0,2025.0,2019.0,,1.0 5828,"Iran, Israel, and the United States: The Politics of Counter-Proliferation Intelligence",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781498569767/Iran-Israel-and-the-United-States-The-Politics-of-Counter-Proliferation-Intelligence,"This book analyzes the process of evaluating Iran’s nuclear project and the efforts to roll it back, resulting in the 2015 nuclear agreement known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA). Despite its aura of scientific exactitude, nuclear intelligence is complex and susceptible to methodological disagreements and political bias at the international oversight level—the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)—and within the countries involved in the rollback project – Israel and the United States. To highlight both the technological problems of assessing compliance and the politicization, each chapter in the book uses a real-time comparison of the nuclear developments in Iran, and the perception of Israel and the United States. This methodology yielded some significant results. Essentially, two camps had formed in each country; those who were pushing for an agreement with Iran and those who opposed it. The Israeli intelligence agencies – the Mossad and the Military Intelligence – as well as the highly secretive Israeli Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) which advised them considered the program to be weak and slow moving. The right-wing government of Benjamin Netanyahu suggested that Iran was steps away from the “point of no return,” making it an existential threat to Israel. A virtually identical split emerged in Washington. While the intelligence community and the advising scientists from the National Nuclear Laboratories, considered Iran progress to be relatively modest, the Republicans and the Israel lobby - the Jewish organizations and the Christian Zionists— warned of the imminent danger of a nuclear Iran. With the Obama administration pushing for the JCPOA, a fierce debate took place in Congress. The Israeli intelligence and military chiefs led by the Mossad chief Meir Dagan, which had previously blocked Netanyahu from a preemptive action, quietly supported the agreement. In Washington, the Israel lobby, and the Republicans, helped by Netanyahu, mounted an all-out effort to defeat the deal in Congress. The pro-deal coalition fought back by mobilizing the scientific community, military and intelligence officials, the business lobby, and grassroots Democrats. The JCPOA represents the first successful effort of peaceful counterproliferation. At the same, excessive politicization has clouded its legitimacy and cast doubt about its future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IMKVY9DV,2018-06-01,"Ofira Seliktar, Farhad Rezaei",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-24T07:55:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5829,Dangerous liaisons between military intelligence and Middle Eastern studies in Israel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021302211194,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RRF34NFJ,2002-10-01,Gil Eyal,,Theory and Society,2024-01-23T23:46:25Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1023/A:1021302211194,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1270952840,70.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1270952840,2012.0,2025.0,2002.0,,10.0 5830,Israel's Clandestine Diplomacies,Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/israels-clandestine-diplomacies/,"For over sixty years the state of Israel has proved adept at practising clandestine diplomacy — about which little is known, as one might expect. These hitherto undisclosed episodes in Israel’s diplomatic history are revealed for the first time by the contributors to this volume, who explore how relations based upon patronage and personal friendships, as well as ties born from kinship and realpolitik both informed the creation of the state and later defined Israel’s relations with a host of actors, both state and non-state. The authors focus on the extent to which Israel’s clandestine diplomacies have indeed been regarded as purely functional and subordinate to a realist quest for security amid the perceived hostility of a predominantly Muslim-Arab world, or have in fact proved to be manifestations of a wider acceptance — political, social and cultural — of a Jewish sovereign state as an intrinsic part of the Middle East. They also discuss whether clandestine diplomacy has been more effective in securing Israeli objectives than reliance upon more formal diplomatic ties constrained by international legal obligations and how this often complex and at times contradictory matrix of clandestine relationships continues to influence perceptions of Israel’s foreign policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HN4RVVD7,2013-05-01,"Clive Jones, Tore T. Petersen",Hurst Publishers,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5831,Israel’s intelligence services and the media: four decades of a complex tango,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2018.1505702,"This article provides an overview of the relationship of two Israeli intelligence services and the media over four decades. It explores how Israel’s external and internal intelligence services have dealt with the public sphere in times of publicised crises, and analyses the main differences between the internal and external intelligence services when addressing the media.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4IQCL3KJ,2018-09-03,Clila Magen,Routledge,Israel Affairs,2024-01-23T23:41:59Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/13537121.2018.1505702,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2888413746,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 5832,The Mossad Imagined: The Israeli Secret Service in Film and Fiction,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600889431,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IC6MDHJN,2007-12-01,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T23:34:23Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/08850600600889431,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064147642,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064147642,2020.0,2020.0,2006.0,,14.0 5833,Israel's Strategic Doctrine: Updating Intelligence Community Responsibilities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.962359,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A9IKQAIY,2015-01-02,Louis René Beres,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T23:33:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2014.962359,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2087099283,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2087099283,2020.0,2020.0,2014.0,,6.0 5834,Communicating From Within the Shadows: The Israel Security Agency and the Media,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.900293,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RDUJH32C,2014-09-01,"Clila Magen, Eytan Gilboa",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T23:32:36Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/08850607.2014.900293,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095847936,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095847936,2015.0,2023.0,2014.0,,1.0 5835,Combating Terrorism With Intelligence: The Normative Debate in Israel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.652542,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E8PWFPWT,2012-09-01,"Daphna Sharfman, Ephraim Kahana",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T23:31:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2012.652542,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019557360,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019557360,2023.0,2023.0,2012.0,,11.0 5836,The Spanish Intelligence Community: A Diffuse Reality,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.489278,"The functioning and composition of the Spanish Intelligence Community is not regulated in detail by any legal regulations, and neither the intelligence service nor the government have specified these despite the repeated references they make to them. This article sets out to establish what actually constitutes the Intelligence Community in Spain; thus, after a brief theoretical discussion in which the two major categories of members – consumers and producers – are identified, a model of the intelligence community in Spain is set forth on the basis of the interrelations between its members and their roles in the decision-making process. In its preparation, besides analyzing the existing legislation, 52 interviews were carried out with individual participants in all the structures, so as to reach an understanding of the role played by each one, to evaluate its performance and to propose some guidelines for improvement.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NV3B2N7V,2010-04-01,Antonio M. Díaz Fernández,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-23T23:30:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2010.489278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1974865838,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974865838,2015.0,2023.0,2010.0,,5.0 5837,Shin bet's blind side,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609708435336,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELFJY22I,1997-03-01,Thomas Indinopulos,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T23:28:47Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609708435336,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091234560,0.0,False,,,,1997.0,, 5838,Kill Khalid: The Failed Mossad Assassination of Khalid Mishal and the Rise of Hamas,Book,https://thenewpress.com/books/kill-khalid,"“Providing a fly-on-the-wall vantage of the rising diplomatic panic that sent shudders through world capitals” (Toronto Star), Kill Khalid unfolds as a masterpiece of investigative journalism. In 1997, the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad poisoned Hamas leader Khalid Mishal in broad daylight on the streets of Amman, Jordan. As the little-known Palestinian leader slipped into a coma, the Mossad agents’ escape was bungled and the episode quickly spiraled into a diplomatic crisis. A series of high-stakes negotiations followed, which ultimately saved Mishal and set the stage for his phenomenal political ascendancy. In Kill Khalid, acclaimed reporter Paul McGeough reconstructs the history of Hamas through exclusive interviews with key players across the Middle East and in Washington, including unprecedented access to Mishal himself, who remains to this day one of the most powerful and enigmatic figures in the region. A “sobering reminder of how little has been achieved during sixty years of Israeli efforts in Palestine” (Kirkus), Kill Khalid tracks Hamas’s political fortunes across a decade of suicide bombings, political infighting, and increasing public support, culminating in the battle for Gaza in 2007 and the current-day political stalemate.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z7KPIGVC,2010-03-01,Paul McGeough,The New Press,,2024-01-23T23:26:08Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5839,Doomed to Failure?: The Politics and Intelligence of the Oslo Peace Process,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/doomed-to-failure-9780313366178/,"This ground-breaking book examines how and why the much-vaunted Oslo Peace Accords between the Israelis and Palestinians collapsed. The author analyzes the players on both sides of the accords, pointing out the attitudes and actions that serve to undermine peace and promote conflict. On the one hand, she criticizes the Islamist organizations Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad for not tolerating the idea of any true long-term peace with Israel. On the other hand, she scrutinizes the factions for and against Oslo that developed within Israeli government circles, and she calls into question the ability of Israeli intelligence to correctly assess the Palestinian negotiators. By means of such examination, this book poses a fundamental question: Can Islamic fundamentalism ever accept the existence of Israel or will it short-circuit any prospect of peace between majority-Muslim states and their non-Muslim counterparts?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TXWFGYDC,2009-08-27,Ofira Seliktar,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-23T23:22:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5840,Reorganizing Israel's Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600290101686,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R5DDQUAD,2002-07-01,Ephraim Kahana,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T23:20:35Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850600290101686,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1984562672,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984562672,2016.0,2025.0,2002.0,,14.0 5841,Man in the Shadows: Inside the Middle East Crisis with a Man Who Led the Mossad,Book,https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780312337728/manintheshadows,"Israel's Mossad is one of the world's most powerful intelligence agencies. Having served as its director, Efraim Halevy has witnessed the Middle East crisis from the inside-out. As the secret envoy to prime ministers ranging from Yitzhak Rabin to Ariel Sharon, Halevy was privy to many of the top-level negotiations that changed the landscape of the region—and, in turn, the rest of the modern world. In Man in the Shadows, he provides a fascinating, deeply informed look at the secret workings and global repercussions of Mossad's fight against Islamic terror, and writes with passion and authority about such topics as: • September 11, 2001: What the Mossad knew before and after the attacks; his critique of the 9/11 report; and his assertion that we haven't seen the worst of radical Islam • His candid thoughts about the Bush Administration; George Tenet and his dismissal; the assassination attempt of Hamas leader Khaled Mashal; and other key players in the war on terror • Iraq: From Operation Desert Storm to the WMD crisis to the war of the present day, Halevy offers a modern history of the region, as well as an action-plan for the future …and more. By turns a powerful history lesson and a roadmap to world peace, Man in the Shadows is a must-read for the twenty-first century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGRSVGVX,2008-05-02,Efraim Halevy,Macmillan,,2024-01-23T23:19:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5842,Israel's Military Intelligence Performance in the Second Lebanon War,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850600701472970,An analysis of the performance of Israel's Military Intelligence (AMAN) in the Second Lebanon War (12 July–14 August 2006) shows that while it scored well in the realm of strategic estimates it sco...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HN5KKLGR,2007-8-20,Uri Bar-Joseph,Taylor and Francis,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T23:15:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/08850600701472970,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048719944,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048719944,2012.0,2025.0,2007.0,,5.0 5843,A bull in a china shop: Netanyahu and Israel's intelligence community,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850609808435370,"(1998). A bull in a china shop: Netanyahu and Israel's intelligence community. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 154-174.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8TMMJSUH,1998-6-1,Uri Bar‐Joseph,Taylor and Francis,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T23:15:08Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609808435370,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067091490,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067091490,2016.0,2025.0,1998.0,,18.0 5844,A Comparison of the Structures and Functions of Intelligence Organizations in Israel and India,Journal article,https://www.proquest.com/docview/1311901063/citation/C8C436EC8344956PQ/1,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/597LHBY9,2000-03-01,Ejaz Akram,Published under the auspices of the Pakistan American Foundation,Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies,2024-01-23T20:34:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5845,"A comparative study of humint in counterterrorism : Israel and France, 1970-1990",Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553531,"Thesis (M.A.)--Georgetown University, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references.; Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CDAEUX97,2010,Amy C. Kirchheimer,,,2024-01-23T20:31:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Master's Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 5846,"Spying on Friends?: The Franklin Case, AIPAC, and Israel",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600829809,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VAEHD4CC,2006-12-01,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T20:30:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850600600829809,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996485466,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996485466,,,2006.0,, 5847,Multilateral Intelligence Cooperation in Africa within the Framework of the Committee of Intelligence and Security Services of Africa (CISSA),Journal article,https://www.coastal.edu/media/2015ccuwebsite/contentassets/documents/humanities/intelandsecuritystudiesdocx/jeais_3_2_Contents.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RBWQM594,2020-12-01,Blessed Mangena,,Journal of European and American Intelligence Studies,2024-01-23T20:26:58Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5848,Social media intelligence (SOCMINT): A South African perspective,Journal article,https://www.coastal.edu/media/2015ccuwebsite/contentassets/documents/humanities/intelandsecuritystudiesdocx/jeais_3_2_Contents.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AXU6RETQ,2020-12-01,Johanna Isabella Stegen,,Journal of European and American Intelligence Studies,2024-01-23T20:26:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'LXMU5UXP']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5849,La Réforme des Services de Renseignement dans la République Démocratique du Congo : Le Cas de l’Agence Nationale de Renseignements (ANR) [The Reform of Intelligence Agencies in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: The National Intelligence Agency (NIA)],Journal article,https://www.coastal.edu/media/2015ccuwebsite/contentassets/documents/humanities/intelandsecuritystudiesdocx/jeais_3_2_Contents.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZQ2PNFDT,2020-12-01,"Symphorien Kapinga K. Nkashama, Emmanuel Kabengele Kalonji",,Journal of European and American Intelligence Studies,2024-01-23T20:23:23Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5850,The Role of Intelligence Activity in the Building of Israel and its Identity,Journal article,https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO201528638840885.page,"The purpose of this article is to examine Israeli intelligence activity which had contributed to the building of Israel and of its national identity. In the late 19th, the Jews scattered around the world had shared the image of victims shaped in the history of the persecution. In this process, intelligence activity was a staple factor which established the state of Israel; political and religious community. Fighting against Arabs, Israel's intelligence agents had played key role in migrating Jews to Palestine and building their own state. In other words, Intelligence activity was the instrument of implementing political Zionism, Jewish nationalism. Even after independence in 1948, despite the opposition of Arab, Israeli intelligence agencies had persuaded the United States and the Soviet Union to recognize Israel as a member of the international society. Arab countries, nevertheless, had regarded Israel as 'a state to be disappeared', and its national identity was totally denied. However, Israel officially gained recognition for statehood through Arab-Israeli war and summit talks with Egypt. Israel finally restored the 'Promised Land' that is recorded in the Bible and established its identity of a winner. In conclusion, Israeli intelligence agency played a decisive role in founding the nation and even forming the consciousness of the people.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DVFZD98S,2015,Jae-Wang Seok,Korean Security Science Association,Korean Security Journal,2024-01-23T19:25:52Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5851,Lessons not Learned: Israel in the Post-Yom Kippur War Era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13537120701706005,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MT3P8BUT,2008-01-01,Uri Bar-Joseph,Routledge,Israel Affairs,2024-01-23T19:16:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/13537120701706005,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072034921,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072034921,2012.0,2023.0,2007.0,,5.0 5852,Israel's Intelligence Assessment Before the Yom Kippur War: Disentangling Deception and Distraction,Book,https://blackwells.co.uk/bookshop/product/Israels-Intelligence-Assessment-Before-the-Yom-Kippur-War-by-Aryeh-Shalev/9781845196363,"Israel's flawed intelligence assessment in October 1973 has been studied intensively and been the subject of much public and professional debate. This book adds a unique dimension to previously disclosed material, as its author served as head of the Research Branch of Israeli Military Intelligence on the eve of and during the Yom Kippur War and as such was responsible for the national intelligence assessment at the time. Drawing on his personal records, and on interviews and extensive research conducted in the intervening decades, Aryeh Shalev examines the preconceptions and common beliefs that prevailed among Israeli intelligence officials and ultimately contributed to their flawed assessment: the excessive self-confidence in Israel's prowess, particularly in the aftermath of the Six Day War; the confidence that any surprise attack could be repelled with the regular army until the reserves were mobilised; the accepted profile of Sadat as a weak leader with limited powers and initiative; and the belief in Israel's correct understanding of Egyptian and Syrian operational plans . . . Beyond explaining where Israeli intelligence erred, the book probes expectations of military intelligence in general and the relationship between military and political assessments. It considers what kind of assessment an intelligence branch is capable of producing with a great degree of certainty, and conversely, what kind of assessment it should not be asked to produce. Based on the intelligence failure of the Yom Kippur War, this book also reviews possible organisational changes and methodological improvements to guard as much as possible against surprise attacks in the future, relevant not only to Israel's circumstances but to all countries with enemies capable of launching an attack. Published in association with the Institute for National Strategic Studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AV7DGBCB,2014-02-01,Aryeh Shalev,Blackwell's,,2024-01-23T19:11:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5853,The Spy who Fell to Earth: My Relationship with the Secret Agent who Rocked the Middle East,Book,https://www.amazon.co.uk/Spy-Who-Fell-Earth-Relationship/dp/1523229977,"From Book's back cover: Shortly after midday on 27 June 2007, a man plummets from his fifth-floor London flat. Did he jump or was he pushed? He is identified as an Egyptian millionaire who has been living in the UK since the early 1980s. His name is Ashraf Marwan. But that is only part of the tale, for Marwan was also an international businessman and arms dealer, married to Mona Abdel Nasser, daughter of the legendary Egyptian President, Gamal Abdel Nasser. A few years before, I blew Marwan's cover, unmasking him as a top spy who had been working for Egypt's biggest enemy - Israel. But there is a twist - one that even the most audacious writer of fiction might baulk at. Soon after I exposed him, Marwan made contact. We met, became friends, and then kept in touch for almost five years. The day before he plunges to his death, Marwan phones. He is anxious and shaken and he asks for an urgent face-to-face meeting. We schedule it for the next day. It never takes place. Around the time we are due to meet, Marwan's body is found in the private rose garden below his flat in central London. This is the story of what came to be known as 'The Marwan Affair', which shocked the public and the Intelligence community. It is based on my diary notes; together with messages I sent Marwan over the years they tell the inside story of my relationship with the spy some call the greatest secret agent of the twentieth century",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9TKLJCPZ,2016,Ahron Bregman,CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform,,2024-01-23T19:06:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5854,"Ashraf Marwan, Israel’s Most Valuable Spy: How the Mossad Recruited Nasser’s Own Son-In-Law",Book,https://mellenpress.com/book/Ashraf-Marwan-Israels-Most-Valuable-Spy-How-the-Mossad-Recruited-Nassers-Own-Son-In-Law/8211/,"Ashraf Marwan was born in 1944 and earned his doctoral degree in the United Kingdom. In the mid-1970s, Ashraf Marwan became a businessman in London. Later Marwan was made chief of staff to Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. While serving in this position, he volunteered to spy for Israel. In 2002, Marwan's relationship with Israeli intelligence was revealed in 2002. It remains unclear whether Marwan was an Israeli spy or an Egyptian double agent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3YIIWCSJ,2010-01-01,Ephraim Kahana,Mellen Press,,2024-01-23T19:01:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5855,"Intelligence Intervention in the Politics of Democratic States: The United States, Israel, and Britain",Book,https://www.psupress.org/books/titles/0-271-01331-1.html,"This book studies intelligence intervention in politics in the modern democratic state. In theory, intelligence work should be objective, autonomous, and free of political influence; at its best, it should be guided solely by the professional ethic of intelligence. In reality, however, unavoidable political pressures, as well as bureaucratic and personal interests, can and often do influence the conduct of intelligence work. In tracing and explaining the effects of these pressures and interests on the behavior of intelligence organizations and individuals, Uri Bar-Joseph analyzes four cases of intelligence intervention in politics: the 1961 Bay of Pigs episode; the 1954 Israeli ""Unfortunate Business Affair""; the 1920 British ""Henry Wilson Affair""; and the 1924 “Zinoviev Letter Affair.""",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IUII7W33,1995-01-01,Uri Bar-Joseph,Penn State University Press,,2024-01-23T18:57:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5856,The Intelligence War in Northern Ireland,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435136,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/62AMYVR8,1990-01-01,Keith Maguire,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T18:56:51Z,['V7KUA58M'],10.1080/08850609008435136,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072688186,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072688186,2013.0,2014.0,1990.0,,23.0 5857,Between warning and response: The case of the Yom Kippur War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609008435141,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UJ7RQV76,1990-01-01,Abraham Ben‐Zvi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-23T18:46:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850609008435141,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982996426,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982996426,2015.0,2025.0,1990.0,,25.0 5858,Spies Against Armageddon: Inside Israel's Secret Wars,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Spies_Against_Armageddon.html?id=epnHMwEACAAJ&redir_esc=y,"""Buyer beware,"" #1 best selling thriller novelist Daniel Silva warns: ""Once you crack the cover of SPIES AGAINST ARMAGEDDON, you won't be able to put it down. It is much more than simply the most authoritative book ever written about Israeli intelligence. It is storytelling and drama of the highest order."" This is a history of Israel's espionage and security network from 1948 until the present day. Chock full of colorful characters and written by the best selling authors of EVERY SPY A PRINCE, this book will take you inside the Middle East crises of today, analyzing Iran's nuclear program and challenges for the United States. A former Director of the CIA, R. James Woolsey, writes: ""Raviv and Melman have redefined the gold standard for nonfiction about intelligence. This remarkable history of Israeli intelligence from the War of Independence to Stuxnet calls it straight. By describing the roots of both the triumphs and the screw-ups thoroughly and fairly, the authors help us see not only how Israel's survival has been effectively protected but the huge debt the rest of us owe."" The best selling historian Douglas Brinkley (biographer of Walter Cronkite) writes: ""The revelatory research amassed in SPIES AGAINST ARMAGEDDON is nothing short of stunning. Raviv and Melman understand the inner workings of Israel's Mossad better than most Mossad agents. Highly recommended!"" Bob Schieffer of CBS News says this book is ""wonderful, with great sourcing -- reads like a thriller."" Wolf Blitzer, the CNN anchor with vast Middle East experience writes: ""Dan Raviv and Yossi Melman have written a powerful book about Israeli espionage. SPIES AGAINST ARMAGEDDON often reads like a thriller but it's non-fiction. These two world-class journalists take us to places we've never been before. They back up their points with tons of excellent research and reporting. They clearly know their stuff. I learned so much reading this book. I know you will, as well."" Chapter 1 is titled ""Stopping Iran,"" then come chapters with exclusive and carefully considered history -- showing how the behavior and lessons learned in wars and adventures in the past affect the decisions Israel must make today. Later chapters focus on the secret bombing of a nuclear reactor in Syria, the murder by a Mossad team in a Dubai hotel (Was it a mistake?), and blasting the Steven Spielberg movie ""Munich"" for making it look like Mossad hit men suffered frustration and regrets. SPIES AGAINST ARMAGEDDON is well researched, balanced, and a remarkably enjoyable read.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AZSB3Y8H,2012,"Dan Raviv, Yossi Melman",Levant Books,,2024-01-23T18:43:53Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5859,Every Spy a Prince: The Complete History of Israel's Intelligence Community,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Every_Spy_a_Prince.html?id=jBLBErZr2-wC&redir_esc=y,"Now in paperback, with an additional new chapter, the sensational coast-to-coast bestseller that the San Francisco Chronicle called ""the best book ever published on Israel's intelligence community"".",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FVFXZHM3,1991,"Dan Raviv, Yossi Melman",Houghton Mifflin,,2024-01-23T18:42:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5860,"Intelligence, Threat, Risk and the Challenge of Oversight",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.661643,"Intelligence studies has traditionally talked in terms of ‘threats’ though the idea of ‘risk’ has now entered its language, as it has so many other areas of policy. The key distinction remains the notion of threat of intentional action to cause harm: this is the central preoccupation of intelligence agencies that would not normally consider risks that might arise from, say, the unintended outcomes of accidents or interrupted supplies of resources. Another distinction is that intelligence is normally preoccupied with increasing knowledge in conditions of ignorance or uncertainty, while risk analysis is more likely to be quantifiable. The perception of a ‘new terrorism’ has led to the importation of the ‘precautionary principle’ to intelligence with potentially dangerous consequences for democracy. This requires enhanced thinking and practice with respect to the oversight of intelligence activities, especially in developing security networks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6MK2ZLZS,2012-04-01,Peter Gill,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-23T18:38:48Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2012.661643,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2134116237,30.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2134116237,2013.0,2026.0,2012.0,,1.0 5861,"Jesus, as security risk: Insurgency in first century Palestine?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592319808423208,"No trial and execution have generated more literature or speculation than those of Jesus of Nazareth. Yet, they have never been examined as an intelligence problem for the Roman governor of Jerusalem. Who was Jesus and the men who surrounded him? Were they involved in an attempted insurrection to overthrow Roman rule? It was the job of Pontius Pilate and his security staff to answer these questions. He had no way of knowing the political, social and religious repercussions his actions would cause, but his decision to execute Jesus was a rational one based on the intelligence he had at hand.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4SBP9XUY,1998-09-01,Rose Mary Sheldon,Routledge,Small Wars & Insurgencies,2024-01-23T18:33:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/09592319808423208,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030885245,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030885245,2018.0,2020.0,1998.0,,20.0 5862,Historical Dictionary of Israeli Intelligence,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810865006/Historical-Dictionary-of-,"For Israel_more so than for any other state_an effective Intelligence Community has been a matter of life and death. Over the past half-century or so, Israel has created and refined what is broadly regarded as one of the best intelligence networks in the world. It has repeatedly undone efforts by hostile Arab neighbors to defeat it in war, foiled countless terrorist attacks, contributed to military preparedness and armament production, and helped millions of Jews to reach the Promised Land. Unfortunately, it has also committed some terrible mistakes and made blunders it can ill afford. With all of this activity, it is no wonder so much has been written about Israeli Intelligence. However, a handy reference work bringing the various strands together has been sorely needed yet unavailable, until now. The Historical Dictionary of Israeli Intelligence provides detailed information on the various agencies, operations, important leaders and operatives, and special aspects of tradecraft through a chronology, an introduction, a dictionary full of cross-referenced entries, and a bibliography suggesting further reading.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8F6KCP3D,2006-04-01,Ephraim Kahana,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-15T19:39:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5863,TUNISIA’S NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: Why “Rogue Elephants” Fail to Reform,Book,https://www.newacademia.com/books/tunisias-national-intelligence-why-rogue-elephants-fail-to-reform/,"Drawing on extensive fieldwork and original data, this book examines the political and security evolution of Tunisia’s national intelligence in the post-independence era. It investigates the sophistication of the intelligence complex under Bin ʿAlī and its central role in entrenching his authoritarian rule. The increased politicization of intelligence services contributed to the consolidation of power and the abuse of Tunisian citizens through the pervasive securitization of the public and private spheres and the intrusive penetration of society. The wide-range of illegal activities by Tunisia’s intelligence services contributed to the establishment of a police security state. However, these services played a critical role in its weakening through their lack of professionalism, their opacity, and their systematic use of intelligence for repression and oppression purposes. The post-uprising era created a new dilemma for intelligence organs in terms of their adjustment to the new socio-political context. The absence of appropriate political vision for the role of intelligence within a fledgling democracy, the rise of insecurity in the country and across the region, and the legacy of authoritarianism are hindering any effort to introduce an appropriate “reform.” The difficult transition of the intelligence apparatus’ habits of state-centric security, which has been associated with the regime’s security, to the human-citizen security approach, is likely a major impediment to such reform. Thus, rather than a reform that entails democratic control, accountability, and oversight of the intelligence sector, the country’s secret apparatus experienced a mending process seeking mainly to improve its operational capabilities driven by the discourse of technicalities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IW27N7MR,2017,Noureddine Jebnoun,New Academia Publishing,,2024-01-23T18:28:23Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5864,British intelligence and the role of Jewish informers in Palestine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00263200412331301617,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8BGT8YBD,2003-01-01,Yitzhak Gil-Har,Routledge,Middle Eastern Studies,2024-01-23T18:19:49Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/00263200412331301617,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020303468,0.0,False,,,,2003.0,, 5865,"Eyes of the underground: Jewish insurgent intelligence in Palestine, 1945–47",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432509,"This article represents an attempt to fill in some gaps in the historiography of Israeli ingelligence. It describes the origins and development of Jewish insurgent intelligence organizations and their operations against the British in Palestine, 1945–47. The essay presents a picture of rudimentary but effective intelligence serivces that made a significant, if not decisive, contribution to the armed struggle against the Briitsh. It examines critically some mysteries and myths surrounding Jewish intelligence in that conflict. By examining insurgent intelligence from the ‘bottom up’ ‐ against a government ‐ the article suggests there is a whole new ‘missing dimension’ of intelligence studies that bears scholarly attention.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IM8WXJAX,1998-12-01,David A. Charters,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-23T18:17:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684529808432509,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2171358716,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2171358716,2017.0,2025.0,1998.0,,19.0 5866,"Air power and intelligence in the western desert campaign, 1940–43",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432508,"During the fighting in the Western Desert of North Africa, the Royal Air Force conducted a land‐based interdiction campaign against Axis motorized transport supply columns which was guided by intelligence. It was this campaign, and not the Ultra‐driven sea interdiction campaign, which was responsible for the destruction of the bulk of Axis supply. The impact of land‐based interdiction totally destroyed the morale and fighting ability of the Axis forces at El Alamein in late 1942, and set a pattern for operations which was replayed with success throughout the remainder of the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MVDZ5C9X,1998-12-01,Brad W. Gladman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-23T18:16:53Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529808432508,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2114860470,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2114860470,2012.0,2025.0,1998.0,,14.0 5867,Reminiscences of GCHQ and GCB 1942–45,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432507,"This article describes the author's experiences as a wartime cryptanalyst in two, then separate, sections of the British capability, namely that located at Bletchley Park and that at Berkeley Street in London. After recruitment and training, he worked first on the German high command teleprinter network and secondly on the Russian Comintern network which started up again in 1943. The implication is that the Cold War commenced rather sooner than was generally recognised. After the lapse of more than half a century these reminiscences are necessarily impressionistic and do not go into detail about technical methods or indeed the content of the decrypts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/59BSIHZG,1998-12-01,John Croft,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-23T18:16:02Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529808432507,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2024867210,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2024867210,2015.0,2015.0,1998.0,,17.0 5868,Allied economic intelligence and strategy during the ‘Phoney War’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432506,"This article examines the efforts of French and British intelligence services to assess the German economy before and during the opening stage of World War II. The French and British, attached to a long‐war strategy based on the assumption time worked in their favour, looked to economic intelligence to indicate whether this was in fact the case. Yet for a variety of reasons clear and consistent assessments were impossible. Rather than accept uncertainty, the French and British chose to impose certainty by assuming the worst, a decision which contributed to the abandonment of a long‐war strategy as the Allies began to search for some way to win a short war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YT5SJRHS,1998-12-01,Talbot Imlay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-23T18:15:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529808432506,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997925544,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997925544,2016.0,2024.0,1998.0,,18.0 5869,"Operation ‘cardinal’: The OSS in Manchuria, August 1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432505,"To protect thousands of Allied military prisoners of war, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), China Theater parachuted a small team into Mukden the day after the Japanese surrender. Operating amid a disintegrating security situation, the OSS team's military and diplomatic skills enabled success of its humanitarian mission. Afterward, the team reverted to a secondary mission of intelligence gathering. Witnesses to the beginning of the Cold War in Asia, the team's intelligence reporting revealed the strength of the Chinese Communists in Manchuria, and how in the flush of victory over Japan, the United States was already facing problems with a resurgent Soviet Union whose ambitions were far different from those of America.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XTPA6Z77,1998-12-01,Peter Clemens,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-23T18:15:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529808432505,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077819777,0.0,False,,,,1998.0,, 5870,The role of the security services in democratization: An analysis of South Korea's agency for national security planning,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432503,"The role of intelligence agencies in democratization is an important area of research. South Korea is an instructive case study because democratization occurred in a polity where the security/ingelligence bureaucracy had been powerful and where natinal security issues remained central. This article analyzes the South Korean security establishment, particularly the Agency for National Security Planning, seeking to place the Agency in context. The forcus is on democratic reforms and the continuing extensive role of the Agency which is traced to its role in democratization, relation to the executive, extensive legislation on national security matters, Korean political culture and the multilevel threat from North Korea.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I4V69E65,1998-12-01,Jonathan Moran,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-23T18:14:45Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684529808432503,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053707155,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053707155,2013.0,2025.0,1998.0,,15.0 5871,Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Israel_s_Secret_Wars.html?id=FkyMsycbemEC&redir_esc=y,"One of the events most crucial to the war in the Persian Gulf occurred nearly ten years before it began, when Israel destroyed Iraq's most advanced weapon, the nuclear reactor at Al-Tuweitha, acting on information obtained by Israeli intelligence. Israel's Secret Wars is the first documented, comprehensive history of all three of Israel's intelligence services, from their origins in the 1930s, through Israel's five wars, up to the present, including the Ostrovsky affair. Highly readable and exhaustively researched, it contains the most accurate information available about a shadowy and controversial subject in which myth all too often obscures reality. Using heretofore undisclosed contemporary reports, memoranda, and private diaries, Israel's Secret Wars describes for the first time in print the beginnings of the Israeli-U.S. intelligence relationship; the Israeli-French espionage connection during the Algerian War, which underlay their military alliance in the Suez crisis; the fateful message from a high-level Arab agent that initiated the Yom Kippur war; and many more previously unexamined operations and episodes. Placing every event in its historical context, Black and Morris disentangle the often stormy links between spymasters and politicians in such affairs as the Entebbe raid, Irangate, the Pollard spy scandal, and the Palestinian intifada. Israel's Secret Wars promises to become the standard work on Israeli intelligence for years to come.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C9879XXQ,1991,"Ian Black, Benny Morris",Grove Weidenfeld,,2024-01-23T18:10:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5872,"Escaping from American intelligence: culture, ethnocentrism and the Anglosphere",Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01116.x,"The United States and its closest allies now spend over $100 billion a year on intelligence. Ten years after 9/11, the intelligence machine is certainly bigger—but not necessarily better. American intelligence continues to privilege old-fashioned strategic analysis for policy-makers and exhibits a technocratic approach to asymmetric security threats, epitomized by the accelerated use of drone strikes and data-mining. Distinguished commentators have focused on the panacea of top-down reform, while politicians and practitioners have created entirely new agencies. However, these prescriptions for change remain conceptually limited because of underlying Anglo-Saxon presumptions about what intelligence is. Although intelligence is a global business, when we talk about intelligence we tend to use a vocabulary that is narrowly derived from the experiences of America and its English-speaking nebula. This article deploys the notion of strategic culture to explain why this is. It then explores the cases of China and South Africa to suggest how we might begin to rethink our intelligence communities and their tasks. It argues that the road to success is about individuals, attitudes and cultures rather than organizations. Future improvement will depend on our ability to recognize the changing nature of the security environment and to practise the art of ‘intelligence among the people’. While the United States remains the world's most significant military power, its strategic culture is unsuited to this new terrain and arguably other countries have adapted to it better.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LP49UYWM,2012-09-17,"Richard J. Aldrich, John Kasuku",,International Affairs,2024-01-23T17:35:39Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01116.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2036060879,44.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2036060879,2014.0,2025.0,2012.0,,2.0 5873,Global Intelligence: The World's Secret Services Today,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/global-intelligence-9781842771136/,"The CIA, the KGB, MI5, Mossad, Boss, Savak, Dina - the names read like a rollcall of the seamier side of history in the years following the Second World War. Today the Cold War is dead; there are fewer dictatorships; and 9/11 has created a whole new raison d'etre for covert action. This book explains how the war on terrorism provides a wholly new context for the murky world secret services and intelligence agencies operate in, and describes in detail how ultra-modern new technologies have vastly increased their power to spy abroad and eavesdrop at home. This up-to-date account raises important issues, including the new roles the secret services have found for themselves as they target 'rogue states', 'the war on drugs', and 'terrorists'. Most important of all, its authors explore the unsolved contradiction between the world of these secretive and unaccountable agencies operating on the fringes of the law, and the requirements of a free and democratic society. There is, they conclude, 'no easy walk to freedom'.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RTK6436G,2003-07-01,"Paul Todd, Jonathan Bloch",Bloomsbury,,2024-01-23T17:33:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5874,Games of Intelligence: The Classified Conflict of International Espionage,Book,,"An espionage expert reveals the workings and assesses the effectiveness and economic efficiency of the world's intelligence services, from the KGB to the CIA",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9LKUU7TI,1990-11-01,Nigel West,Crown Pub,,2024-01-23T17:31:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5875,Foreign Intelligence Organizations,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Foreign_Intelligence_Organizations.html?id=OgW6AAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y,"Describes the history, style, capabilities, and targets of intelligence operations in Great Britain, Canada, Italy, West Germany, France, Israel, Japan, and China.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EQL3AM9P,1988,Jeffrey Richelson,Ballinger Publishing Company,,2024-01-23T17:28:25Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5876,"Lending An Ear: Project Chestnut and U.S.-China Intelligence Cooperation, 1975–1989",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2024.2302018,"On April 19, 1979, then Senator Biden publicly probed Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping on a proposal that, for four years, had been confined to secrecy: “Would China consider U.S. monitoring stations on Chinese soil?” The proposal came to be known as Project Chestnut, a joint effort between Beijing and Washington to construct anti-Soviet intelligence posts in western China in 1979. Through official documents, press leaks, and personal memoirs, the project’s study reveals vulnerabilities in America’s intelligence apparatus, the converging and diverging anti-Soviet interests of Beijing and Washington, and a year-long covert diplomatic effort between Carter and Deng. In investigating the project that culminated in Chinese and American intelligence officials watching Soviet missile tests from a joint station, this paper reassesses the traditionally assumed archetypes of inter-state collaboration and uncovers a deeper level of U.S.-China Cold War cooperation than previously assumed. Finally, this research has implications for understanding modern Sino-American relations, not least because the junior Senator that took point in the project’s public negotiations now has a desk in the Oval Office.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PDLUEAHQ,2024-01-18,Kendall Carll,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-01-22T15:34:49Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/07075332.2024.2302018,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391031958,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07075332.2024.2302018?needAccess=true, 5877,Friends Disunited: Explaining US-UK Covert Action in Albania,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2024.2303981,"States have long engaged in covert action, often in conjunction with partners and/or formal allies. Yet existing histories often take a single-state approach, neglecting how dynamics between co-instigators shaped the case studies. This article draws on recently declassified archival material to examine the supposed ‘joint’ US-UK covert action in Albania, a formative and significant case study of the early Cold War. It addresses the puzzle of why the Anglo-Americans intervened together despite not sharing common mission objectives, nor valuing each other’s contribution. Contrary to existing assumptions, the article finds that, as the operation developed, it had more to do with internal dynamics between the aligned states – efforts by London and Washington to influence each other – than with any commitment to undermine the Albanian regime. These findings – that the internal process came to outweigh the external outcome – reveal that Albania was less a cooperative joint endeavour and more an episode punctuated by manipulation and distrust between two supposed friends. This has important implications for wider understandings of the international history of covert action, as well as the impact of international cooperation, secrecy and ambiguity in shaping the objectives, execution and outcomes of covert action involving multiple actors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UZVFF5GM,2024-01-22,"Stephen Long, Rory Cormac",Routledge,The International History Review,2024-01-22T15:34:23Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/07075332.2024.2303981,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391102499,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391102499,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/29542984/1/Friends%20Disunited,0.0 5878,Spies for the Sultan: Ottoman Intelligence in the Great Rivalry with Spain,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spies-for-the-Sultan,"Translated into English for the first time, this is a fascinating history of intelligence practices and their impact on great power rivalries in the early modern era In the sixteenth century, an intense rivalry between the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Habsburg Empire and its allies spurred the creation of early modern intelligence. Translated into English for the first time, Emrah Safa Gürkan's Spies for the Sultan reconstructs this history of Ottoman espionage, sabotage, and bribery practices in the Mediterranean world. Then as now, collecting political, naval, military, and economic information was essential to staying one step ahead of your rivals. Porous and shifting borders, the ability to assume multiple identities, and variable allegiances made conditions in this era ripe for espionage around the Mediterranean. The Ottomans used networks of merchants, corsairs, soldiers, and other travelers to move among their enemies and report intelligence from points far and wide. The Ottoman sultans invested in the novel technologies of cryptography and stenography. Ottoman intelligence operatives not only collected information but also used disinformation, bribery, and sabotage to subvert their enemies. This history of early modern intelligence is based on extraordinary archival research in Turkey, Spain, Italy, Austria, and Croatia, and it provides important insights into the origins of modern intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UT4HMJQF,2024-05-01,Emrah Safa Gurkan,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-22T10:40:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5879,The Russian FSB: A Concise History of the Federal Security Service,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/The-Russian-FSB,"An introduction to Putin’s formidable intelligence and security organization Since its founding in 1995, the FSB, Russia’s Federal Security Service, has regained the majority of the domestic security functions of the Soviet-era KGB. Under Vladimir Putin, who served as FSB director just before becoming president, the agency has grown to be one of the most powerful and favored organizations in Russia. The FSB not only conducts internal security but also has primacy in intelligence operations in former Soviet states. Their activities include anti-dissident operations at home and abroad, counterintelligence, counterterrorism, criminal investigations of crimes against the state, and guarding Russia’s borders. In The Russian FSB, Kevin P. Riehle provides a brief history of the FSB’s origins, placed within the context of Russian history, the government’s power structure, and Russia’s wider culture. He describes how the FSB’s mindset and priorities show continuities from the tsarist regimes and the Soviet era. The book’s chapters analyze origins, organizational structure, missions, leaders, international partners, and cultural representations such as the FSB in film and television. Based on both English and Russian sources, this book is a well-researched introduction to understanding the FSB and its central role in Putin’s Russia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P98ZXEY8,2024-03-01,Kevin P. Riehle,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-22T10:39:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5880,Travel intelligence as a tool for counterintelligence and border security,Journal article,"https://securityanddefence.pl/Travel-intelligence-as-a-tool-for-counterintelligence-and-border-security,174523,0,2.html",Counterintelligence and border security are two cornerstones of national security protection processes. They utilise intelligence sources and procedures extensively to assist in decision-making regarding countermeasures against high-degree threats and risks. Both employ intelligence cycle...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/42AD953Z,2023-11-23,Anastasios-Nikolaos Kanellopoulos,"War Studies University, Poland",Security and Defence Quarterly,2024-01-22T10:06:50Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.35467/sdq/174523,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389078828,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389078828,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://securityanddefence.pl/pdf-174523-96806?filename=Travel intelligence as a.pdf,1.0 5881,Trump’s Soviet Approach to Intelligence,Blog post,https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/09/trump-soviet-intelligence/570085/,Stalin ignored his spies when their findings contradicted his assumptions. Now the president is making the same mistake.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SR29APMU,2018-09-15,John Sipher,,,2024-01-22T10:05:11Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5882,Intelligence Liaison After Over 20 Years Since 9/11 - a Meta-analysis,Preprint,https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=4677967,"Adopting a meta-analytic approach, this paper provides an enhanced initial understanding of ‘intelligence liaison’ after over 20 years since the pivotable date of 9/11. While highly secretive intelligence liaison has become better understood - thereby enabling communication of further practitioner-relevant insights - discernible limits simultaneously emerge boasting many defence and security implications. Pathways forward for both the study and practice of intelligence liaison exist, with intelligence liaison ‘systems’ and their related ‘enterprises’ to ‘ecosystems’ emerging to the forefront. Indeed, those last areas become worthy of their further consideration and harnessing into the future during an overall era of ‘Intelligence Engineering’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MVZG6LZU,2024-01-18,Adam Svendsen,,,2024-01-21T09:30:51Z,"['7R9UG9WU', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.2139/ssrn.4677967,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390990150,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390990150,2024.0,2024.0,2024.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4677967,0.0 5883,GCHQ Celebrates 80 Years of Colossus,Blog post,https://www.gchq.gov.uk/news/colossus-80,"Today GCHQ celebrates 80 years of Colossus, the code-breaking computer that played a pivotal role in WWII.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MMIWULZ9,2024-01-18,,,,2024-01-21T08:16:19Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5884,An exploratory study into cell approaches for intelligence collection from detainees within an English Police Custody Suite,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paad103,"The value of intelligence gathered from cell approaches in police custody suites remains largely unexplored, presenting a crucial area for research. This study explores the collection of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) and the generation of Source (Covert Human Intelligence Source, CHIS) referrals during cell approaches. Data was collected from 102 cell approaches by which 54 were undertaken by dedicated intelligence officers and 48 by detectives in a police custody suite in England over a 3-month period. Results revealed that detectives, when tasked, were significantly more successful than dedicated intelligence officers in securing intelligence during cell approaches and to make source (CHIS) referrals. A detainee’s willingness to engage was associated with intelligence provision, with revenge and lifestyle as key motivating factors. Detainees were significantly more likely to provide intelligence post-charge rather than pre-charge, though the time of day and detainee age showed no significant correlations with intelligence gathering. This study discussed the importance of optimizing intelligence collection and source referrals during cell approaches.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SDNM9JIH,2024-01-19,"Ian Stanier, Jordan Nunan, Brandon May",,Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice,2024-01-20T23:04:40Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1093/police/paad103,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4391055811,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 5885,Western Corporations and Covert Operations in the early Cold War: Re-examining the Vogeler/Sanders Case,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003282907/western-corporations-covert-operations-early-cold-war-margaret-mur%C3%A1nyi-manchester,"This book examines the Vogeler/Sanders espionage case that ruptured ties between the US and UK and Hungary in 1949, and analyses this as an example of Western covert operations in the early Cold War. The work focuses on the 1949 case of ITT in Hungary, where two of its executives, the American Robert A. Vogeler and the Briton Edgar Sanders, were arrested by the secret police, tortured, forced to confess, put on a public show trial, and found guilty of espionage. This happened at a time that the US and the UK were cooperating in numerous operations to undermine the credibility of the communist regime and to encourage local resistance by “all means short of war.” Using the case as a lens to examine the dynamics of the early Cold War, the book integrates business history, diplomatic history and intelligence history, and thereby traces the impact of the case on Anglo-Hungarian, American-Hungarian, and Anglo-American relations during the critical period of 1949-1956. Vogeler’s case had a strong impact on the growing criticism of the Truman Administration’s containment policies and contributed to the demand for a more activist policy of ‘liberation of captive peoples’. His experiences also rallied the business community, especially trade associations such as the National Foreign Trade Council, the US Chamber of Commerce, and the National Association of Manufacturers, to support the anti-communist crusade both abroad and at home. Vogeler’s wife also waged a personal campaign to secure her husband’s release and exemplifies the activism of conservative and Catholic women who waged their own anti-communist crusade. The book thus tells the “rest of the story” often omitted in traditional works. This book will be of much interest to students of Cold War history, intelligence studies and European political history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XZ64Q249,2024-05-28,Margaret Murányi Manchester,Routledge,,2024-01-20T22:07:52Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5886,How Israel Is Using Real-Time Battlefield Intelligence to Target Hamas,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/07/world/middleeast/israel-hamas-battlefield-intelligence.html,"Israel has recovered a trove of material that its military has used to assess the extent of the group’s attack plans, and its tactics and abilities, information reviewed by The Times shows.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ADJMM6E9,2023-12-07,Adam Goldman,,The New York Times,2024-01-20T22:07:23Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5887,"State Department cipher machines and communications security in the early Cold War, 1944–1965",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2269512,"From 1944 the State Department attempted to improve its communications security by creating a Division of Cryptography and mechanising the encryption process. This article assesses the effectiveness of these reforms and shows that State’s new cipher equipment had cryptographic vulnerabilities. Moreover, the department was unable to maintain physical security at the Moscow embassy and through espionage and technical surveillance the KGB broke the ciphers and read American communications. The paper concludes by analysing the impact of this security failure, including the claim that intercepted messages influenced Stalin’s decision to approve the North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XQTULYPT,2023,David Easter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-20T19:01:03Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2269512,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387696854,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387696854,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2269512?download=true,1.0 5888,"'We should have our own observers of information': the American Commission to negotiate peace looks at Russia, 1919",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2178748,"The United States found itself relatively unprepared to participate in the World War I peace conference that convened in Paris in January 1919. President Woodrow Wilson began American preparations for the peace conference in mid-1917, when he established ‘The Inquiry’ to provide background and policy papers for use at the negotiating table. Once the conference began, however, the American peace commissioners realized they required more current information to support their work. To supplement the information provided by the Department of State, the American Commission to Negotiate Peace established its own sources. In addition to participating in a number of inter-allied investigatory missions established by the conferees, the Americans sent twelve field missions of their own to various places in Europe and Asia Minor to collect information. Three of those field missions targeted Russia. The results of those missions were mixed. This article discusses the origins of the Commission’s little-known field mission program and describes the work and activities of the three missions into Russian territory. In doing so, it shows some of the earliest steps in the evolution of a more modern approach to the gathering of foreign intelligence consonant with the more prominent of the United States role in international affairs as a result of the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2CA2HP8,2023-07-29,David A. Langbart,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-20T18:58:09Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2178748,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4322762481,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4322762481,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 5889,Spanish Intelligence in the Early Days of Late-Francoism: Fault Lines and Continuity,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2261823,"Conflicting factions within the late-Francoist regime, starting around 1968, prompted a slow-paced decline of the regime’s internal power structures, with an uncertain expiry date. Clandestine groups within universities and workers’ organizations pressed for regime change at different levels, and voices also emerged from within the Catholic Church and the army, often with the aim of restoring Spain’s international relations with its European neighbors and ending isolation. Increasingly rattled by the violence and the organized terrorist activity of Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, the repressive apparatus of the regime was determined not to relinquish control. It retaliated with large doses of information, disinformation, propaganda, and outright violence. Late-Francoist Spain thus presents a case study of practices and dynamics initiated during a nondemocratic period, whose legacy survived over the years and influenced the intelligence apparatus of the democratic country in which the Spanish now live.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RLK6LMZF,2023-10-31,Antonio M. Díaz-Fernández,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-11-02T18:58:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2261823,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388080564,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 5890,Perkins Operations: Tactics Used in Undercover Interactions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2257544,"In the United States, it is permissible to place an undercover police officer in the jail cell with a suspect. This tactical move is rare and launched only for serious crimes, and it takes place before any charges have been filed. This tactic goes under the name of Perkins operations, from the case ruling that if an individual speaks freely to someone whom they believe is a fellow inmate it is allowed to take advantage of their misplaced trust (Illinois v. Perkins, 1990). In this study, we examine 22 Perkins operations, 60 hours of secretly taped interactions in the cells, and we describe and categorize the different approaches and tactics that the undercover officers used. Based on the descriptive analysis, we conceptualize two pathways to information elicitation (direct and relational) and explore the undercover officers’ use of risky interview tactics. The findings suggest that undercover officers use four broader approaches to establish relationships and gather information, and we were able to identify only a few instances of risky tactics in this sample. The relevance of the findings for human intelligence gathering and counterintelligence are discussed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2A7RBWHS,2023-10-10,"Simon Oleszkiewicz, Pär Anders Granhag, Timothy J. Luke",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-20T18:10:05Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2257544,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387502523,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387502523,2026.0,2026.0,2023.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2257544,3.0 5891,Beyond Bias Minimization: Improving Intelligence with Optimization and Human Augmentation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2253120,"For the last half-century, the U.S. and Allied Intelligence Community (IC) has sought to minimize the ostensibly detrimental effects of cognitive biases on intelligence practice. The dominant approach has been to develop structured analytic techniques (SATs), teach them to analysts in brief training sessions, provide the means to use SATs on the job, and hope they work. The SAT approach, however, suffers from severe conceptual problems and a paucity of support from scientific research. For example, a highly promoted SAT—the analysis of competing hypotheses—was shown in several recent studies to either not improve judgment quality or to make it worse. This article recaps the key problems with the SAT approach and sketches some alternative interventions. At the core of these proposals is the idea that intelligence agencies should be focused broadly on improving intelligence and not narrowly on minimizing bias. While the latter contributes to achieving the former, overemphasis on bias minimization could inadvertently bias agencies toward a singular form of intervention, blinding then from potentially more effective interventions. Two lines of alternative intervention are sketched. The first line focuses on postanalytic statistical optimization methods such as recalibration and performance-weighted aggregation of analysts’ judgments. The second line focuses on a broad human augmentation program to optimize human cognition through better sleep, exercise, nutrition (including nootropic compounds), and biometric tracking. Both lines of effort would require substantial scientific investment by the IC to examine risks and efficacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5GA6Q7HL,2023-09-13,"David R. Mandel, Daniel Irwin",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-20T18:07:43Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2253120,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386699205,7.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386699205,2023.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2253120?download=true,0.0 5892,Structured Analytic Techniques: A Pragmatic Approach,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2241308,"Cognitive scientists question the effectiveness of structured analytic techniques (SATs), concluding there is no evidence they reduce biases. In some cases, SAT usage might even add new biases. Yet the U.S. Intelligence Community remains committed to promoting these techniques to improve analytic tradecraft, although some evidence suggests many analysts still do not use them. Practitioners themselves often see value in SATs but doubt they substitute for expertise and intuition. The IC needs a better understanding of how SATs improve analysis, and particularly, how they help generate insight, the key value-added for intelligence products. This article sizes up the current debate and offers practical suggestions on how SATs might best be used in light of current research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KZW85GCQ,2023-08-30,Michael J. Ard,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-20T18:06:30Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2241308,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386280027,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386280027,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,,1.0 5893,Forty Years of Soviet Spying in NATO: A Preliminary Study,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2246649,"The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)’s security against Soviet espionage was devastating. Open sources reveal more than 60 spies unmasked, named, and accused of directly stealing NATO secrets on behalf of Soviet intelligence services, the State Committee for Security (KGB) and Main Intelligence Directorate, while NATO’s own secret report estimated 300 spies. These unmaskings attested to the efficacy of Western counterintelligence, but nevertheless evidenced deep and sustained infiltration by Soviet agents. This study, unfortunately, may only be considered preliminary because it is the first one to examine the totality of espionage within NATO during the Soviet years, even though the complete historical record remains inaccessible. Second, most of the information has been gleaned from journalistic sources. Third, the real damage of stolen classified materials remains elusive owing to laws that prevent disclosure. Absent a practical way to verify compromises, NATO officials had little recourse but to assume that Moscow possessed all classified information exposed to spies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TLZEKJKY,2023-08-29,William T. Murphy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-20T18:05:47Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2246649,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386243844,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386243844,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 5894,The Fourth Man and Its Logical Puzzles,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2167377,"In his book, The Fourth Man, author Robert Baer claims to have assembled evidence substantially leading to the conclusion that CIA senior officer Paul Redmond was a mole in the CIA from about 1985 to at least 1992, if not beyond. In this, Baer attempts to disentangle his own theory from the ongoing spy cases that ran roughly concurrently in this timeframe: CIA officers Rick Ames and Edward Lee Howard as well as FBI Special Agent Robert Hanssen. The examination of all the flaws of Baer’s own argument and evidence along with comparisons with more authoritative eyewitness testimony reveals a narrative that is needlessly and dangerously gratuitous, since it fails to make even a prima facie case regarding the reputation of its target. In the end, these flaws and fallacies illustrate so much that passes for “professional” analysis in this day and age.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HBCG37YM,2023-04-03,W. Alan Messer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-20T17:48:22Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2167377,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4321082208,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 5895,Reviewing CIA Colleagues,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2169096,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KTM28V5,2023-02-13,Joseph Wippl,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-20T17:47:23Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2169096,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4320482320,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 5896,"Spy Pilot: Francis Gary Powers, the U-2 Incident, and a Controversial Cold War Legacy",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781633884694/Spy-Pilot-Francis-Gary-Powers-the-U-2-Incident-and-a-Controversial-Cold-War-Legacy,"Based on newly available information, the son of famed U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers presents the facts and dispels misinformation about the Cold War espionage program that turned his father into a Cold War icon..One of the most talked-about events of the Cold War was the downing of the American U-2 spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers over the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960. The event was recently depicted in the Steven Spielberg movie Bridge of Spies. Powers was captured by the KGB, subjected to a televised show trial, and imprisoned, all of which created an international incident. Soviet authorities eventually released him in exchange for captured Soviet spy Rudolf Abel. On his return to the United States, Powers was exonerated of any wrongdoing while imprisoned in Russia, yet, due to bad press and the government's unwillingness to heartily defend Powers, a cloud of controversy lingered until his untimely death in 1977. Now his son, Francis Gary Powers Jr. and acclaimed historian Keith Dunnavant have written this new account of Powers's life based on personal files that had never been previously available. Delving into old audio tapes, letters his father wrote and received while imprisoned in the Soviet Union, the transcript of his father's debriefing by the CIA, other recently declassified documents about the U-2 program, and interviews with the spy pilot's contemporaries, Powers and Dunnavant set the record straight. The result is a…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PEQGJIEP,2019-01-01,"Francis G. Powers, Keith Dunnavant",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-19T15:04:07Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5897,"‘A Serious Menace to Security’: British Intelligence, V. K. Krishna Menon and the Indian High Commission in London, 1947–52",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2010.503397,"Recently released Security Service (MI5) documents offer new insights into the Indian government's vulnerability to communist subversion after 1947, and the extent to which this threatened British national security. Existing historical works have noted MI5's concern over the links between Indian nationalists and the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) during the inter-war period. Absent from the current historiography, however, is an account of the British government's response to V. K. Krishna Menon's appointment as India's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom in 1947. This article examines the nature of Menon's relationship with the CPGB, the risk that communists working for him within India's High Commission posed to British security, and the strategy that MI5 developed to meet it. Taken as a whole, as this article illustrates, the Attlee government's conviction that India, and more particularly, Krishna Menon, represented a weak link in the Commonwealth security chain, opens up new perspectives on Anglo-Indian relations post-1947.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8LCDL652,2010-09-01,Paul M. McGarr,Routledge,The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,2024-01-19T14:59:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/03086534.2010.503397,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015675434,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015675434,2014.0,2023.0,2010.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/03086534.2010.503397?needAccess=true&role=button,4.0 5898,Office of Strategic Services,Book chapter,https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199759255.001.0001/acref-9780199759255-e-371,"""Office of Strategic Services"" published on by Oxford University Press....",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JDKL8TXU,2013,Paul M. McGarr,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-19T14:58:13Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Military and Diplomatic History,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5899,Intelligence and ‘Official History’,Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9U2HAGAZ,2013-03-01,"Christopher Baxter, Keith Jeffery",Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:47:19Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5900,1968 – ‘A Year to Remember’ for the Study of British Intelligence?,Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7KRW5PB5,2013-03-01,Adam D. M. Svendsen,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:46:59Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5901,"A Tale of Torture? Alexander Scotland, The London Cage and Post-War British Secrecy",Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L42FL6N7,2013-03-01,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:46:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5902,"Whitehall, Intelligence and Official History: Editing SOE in France",Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EP7PQJLA,2013-03-01,Christopher J. Murphy,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:46:01Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5903,"The Study of Interrogation: A Focus on Torture, But What About the Intelligence?",Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3W38RF5Y,2013-03-01,Samantha Newbery,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:45:36Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5904,"No Cloaks, No Daggers: The Historiography of British Military Intelligence",Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TT726GUZ,2013-03-01,Jim Beach,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:45:03Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5905,"A Plain Tale of Pundits, Players and Professionals: The Historiography of the Great Game",Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L5TS99KG,2013-03-01,Robert Johnson,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:44:34Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'KGU8VLSW']",,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5906,The Reality is Stranger than Fiction: Anglo-American Intelligence Cooperation from World War Two through the Cold War,Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AUYWTNV5,2013-03-01,Frederick P. Hitz,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:44:01Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5907,Reconceiving Realism: Intelligence Historians and the Fact/Fiction Dichotomy,Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GXWC46ZI,2013-03-01,Simon Willmetts,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:43:22Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5908,FBI Historiography: From Leader to Organisation,Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HJUZBJ42,2013-03-01,Melissa Graves,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:42:40Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'KGU8VLSW']",,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5909,"Narrating Covert Action: The CIA, Historiography and the Cold War",Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GNPTG9AA,2013-03-01,Kaeten Mistry,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:37:48Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'H28QZ8XV', 'KGU8VLSW']",,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5910,Bonum Ex Malo: The Value of Legacy of Ashes in Teaching CIA History,Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YDPMVUPZ,2013-03-01,Nicholas Dujmovic,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:40:31Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5911,"‘Real Substance, Not Just Symbolism’? The CIA and the Representation of Covert Operations in the Foreign Relations of the United States Series",Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ASFSXZ4M,2013-03-01,"Matthew Jones, Paul M. McGarr",Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:39:39Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5912,CIA History as a Cold War Battleground: The Forgotten First Wave of Agency Narratives,Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V3MPWGXN,2013-03-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:38:37Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5913,The Culture of Funding Culture: The CIA and the Congress for Cultural Freedom,Book chapter,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GCT25GLE,2013-03-01,Eric Pulin,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:35:56Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'NWAKWPT7']",,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5914,Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945,Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-studies-in-britain-and-the-us.html,"The first introduction to writing about intelligence and intelligence services Secrecy has never stopped people from writing about intelligence. From memoirs and academic texts to conspiracy-laden exposés and spy novels, writing on intelligence abounds. Now, this new account uncovers intelligence historiography’s hugely important role in shaping popular understandings and the social memory of intelligence. In this first introduction to these official and unofficial histories, a range of leading contributors narrate and interpret the development of intelligence studies as a discipline. Each chapter showcases new archival material, looking at a particular book or series of books and considering issues of production, censorship, representation and reception. Key Features 15 chapters from contributors including: Richard Aldrich, intelligence historian Matthew Jones, novelist Nicholas Dujmovic, CIA Staff Historian Keith Jeffery, author of the first official history of MI6 Jo Wippl, Former CIA operations officer Chapman Pincher, journalist Explores topics such as CIA historiography, MI5/MI6 historiography, the literature of eavesdropping and the importance of film in constructing proto or counter-histories of intelligence Offers original insights into intelligence through an engagement with its past formulation and emerging patterns",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8BBPIW3,2013-03-01,"Christopher R. Moran, Christopher J. Murphy",Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-19T14:34:36Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5915,“Quiet Americans in India”: The CIA and the Politics of Intelligence in Cold War South Asia*1,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/dh/dht131,"In February 1967, officials from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) were horrified when the American west-coast magazine, Ramparts, exposed the U.S. intelligence organization's longstanding financial relationships with a number of international educational institutions and cultural bodies. In a series of articles, reproduced in The New York Times and The Washington Post, Ramparts documented the CIA's provision of covert funding to, among others, the National Students Association, Asia Foundation, and Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF). In India, an outpouring of public indignation ensued when it became clear that the Indian Committee for Cultural Freedom, a local offshoot of the CCF, had accepted money from the CIA. The global spotlight cast upon some of the CIA's more questionable activities had a profound and enduring impact upon Indian perceptions of the United States' government and its external intelligence service. In the wake of the Ramparts scandal, the CIA came to occupy a prominent place in IndoU.S. cultural and political discourse. For the remainder of the twentieth century, and beyond, anti-American elements inside and outside India drew repeatedly upon the specter of CIA subversion as a means of undermining New Delhi s relationship with Washington.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IIXJ4VUT,2014-11-01,Paul Michael McGarr,,Diplomatic History,2024-01-19T14:33:03Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1093/dh/dht131,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2169118380,12.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2169118380,2015.0,2025.0,2014.0,http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30645/,1.0 5916,"‘Do We Still Need the CIA?’ Daniel Patrick Moynihan, the Central Intelligence Agency and US Foreign Policy",Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-229X.12106,"In May 1991, writing in the op-ed column of the New York Times, the US Senator for New York, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, called for the Central Intelligence Agency to be disbanded. Arguing that the CIA represented an historical anachronism that had outlived its usefulness to American foreign policy-makers, Moynihan proposed that the Agency should be stripped of its autonomy and have its intelligence functions subsumed by the Department of State. Moynihan's rhetorical assault on the CIA marked the opening salvo in a protracted campaign that, over the following decade, until his death in March 2003, would see the one-time member of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence lobby relentlessly for reform of America's intelligence community and against pervasive official secrecy. To date, Moynihan's evangelical fervour in championing a more open intelligence paradigm, which came to incorporate the drafting of congressional bills, the chairmanship of a bipartisan commission on government secrecy, the publication of a book, and innumerable speeches and articles, has been interpreted in a narrow personal and political context. Commentators have tended to characterize Moynihan's turn against the CIA, and towards government transparency as symptomatic of individual eccentricity, disenchantment with purported Agency excesses during the Reagan administration, and ill-judged post-Cold War hubris. This article breaks new ground by reframing and reperiodizing Moynihan's relationship with intelligence. It suggests that Moynihan's attitudes to intelligence and state secrecy were formulated much earlier than has hitherto been acknowledged, and in an environment far removed from Washington's corridors of power. Specifically, the essay relocates Moynihan's emergence as an advocate of intelligence reform in the global political turmoil of the early 1970s when, as Richard Nixon's ambassador to India, he was afforded ample scope to assess the CIA's utility as an instrument of American diplomacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PS88JJDM,2015-03-27,Paul McGarr,,History,2024-01-19T14:32:26Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1111/1468-229X.12106,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1609369668,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1609369668,2018.0,2025.0,2015.0,https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/746581,3.0 5917,"Unquiet Americans: the Church Committee, the CIA and the intelligence dimension of US public diplomacy in the 1970",Book chapter,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781784993306,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/97YWJD6P,2016-01-01,Paul M. McGarr,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-19T14:28:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Reasserting America in the 1970s: U.S. public diplomacy and the rebuilding of America's image abroad,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5918,"Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Subversive: India, Pakistan and the Politics of Cold War Intelligence",Book chapter,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/decolonization-and-the-cold-war-9781472571199/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7VSR5H2T,2015-02-26,Paul M. McGarr,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-19T14:30:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Decolonization and the Cold War: Negotiating Independence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5919,"Fake News, Forgery, and Falsification: Western Responses to Soviet Disinformation in Cold War India",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.1662471,"This paper examines Soviet Cold War disinformation activity in India. It recovers the importance of nonaligned nations in the story of Cold War covert propaganda. Over the course of a decade, that began with the outbreak of the Sino-Indian border war in 1962, and culminated in the Indo-Pakistan conflict of 1971, India disengaged from the West, and tilted towards the Eastern bloc. In the process, New Delhi struggled to control diplomatic fallout from a covert propaganda conflict waged on its territory between the Soviet Union and the United States that, at times, threatened to imperil a strategic reorientation in India’s foreign policy. This article privileges the significance of hitherto neglected actors in the history of a secret Cold War episode in the subcontinent. India evidenced a concerned, if not always productive response to political warfare operations conducted by foreign powers inside its borders. Disquiet over the damage that the dissemination of disinformation and, in particular, the publication of forged documents smearing national governments could do to its relationships with international partners, ensured that India was never a passive player in the propaganda Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/STGZF8HQ,2021-01-02,Paul M. McGarr,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-01-19T14:26:02Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MQMHZUFD']",10.1080/07075332.2019.1662471,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2973133701,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2973133701,2020.0,2022.0,2019.0,https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2516332,1.0 5920,The neo-imperialism of decolonisation: John le Carré and Cold War India,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2151759,"This article interrogates representations of Cold War India in John le Carré’s work. India’s preoccupation with secrecy and subversion provided fertile literary terrain for le Carré’s critiques of intelligence agencies. Engaging with debates surrounding the fact/fiction dichotomy in intelligence studies, the article argues that detaching academic explorations of intelligence from cultural representations of the secret world is reductive. It suggests that le Carré’s interaction with India mattered because it met a demand in the subcontinent to know more about intelligence. In turn, le Carré’s writing impacted intelligence practice in India and influenced popular perceptions of intelligence services, foreign and domestic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WYZB3KEG,2023-02-23,Paul M. McGarr,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-19T14:25:29Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2151759,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4311432084,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4311432084,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/236479879/The_Neo-Imperialism_of_MCGARR_Accepted26October2022_GREEN_AAM.pdf,2.0 5921,Attributing Digital Covert Action: the curious case of WikiSaudileaks,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2300932,"How can digital covert action be attributed? This paper revisits one of the most complex, most significant, and most mysterious digital covert actions of our time: a 2015 hack-and-leak case known among investigators as ‘WikiSaudiLeaks’ that so far has evaded attribution. We argue that WikiSaudiLeaks was not a stand-alone event, but a puzzle piece in a larger covert action campaign that involved advanced computer network exploitation, computer network attack, persistent deception, and a creative influence and disinformation effort. By disintegrating the larger event into its components, limited attribution becomes possible. We present the most detailed and comprehensive investigation of this case to date, attribute at least one component of the larger event to Iranian intelligence, and draw conceptional conclusions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BJVAQXQD,2024-01-18,"Simin Kargar, Thomas Rid",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-19T12:56:07Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2300932,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390975407,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 5922,Canadian intelligence policy: The role and future of CSIS,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608908435101,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T7NCF5S3,1989-01-01,Kenneth G. Robertson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-18T23:24:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850608908435101,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073371834,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073371834,2014.0,2022.0,1989.0,,25.0 5923,Reinventing the looking glass: developing a Canadian foreign intelligence service,Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/1880/41280,"Should Canada create its own secret intelligence service? This paper will explore this issue in five stages. First, an examination of Canada's intelligence history will discuss how Canada has engaged in espionage and examine why it has failed to establish a foreign intelligence service. Second, the thesis will delineate Canada's foreign intelligence community, the major collectors of foreign intelligence, and assess foreign intelligence support for United Nations peacekeeping. The third stage of the examination will be a critical analysis of Canada's intelligence capabilities. This will lead to the fourth stage, the debate over whether Canada needs a foreign intelligence service. Fifth, the method will be suggested for creating a Canadian secret service as well as reforming Canada's intelligence infrastructure and the Canadian Forces Information Operations doctrine.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XHHLUHLW,2002,Richard Kott,,,2024-01-18T23:19:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Master's Thesis,University of Calgary,,,,,,,,, 5924,Our men in Havana: Canadian foreign intelligence operations in Castro’s Cuba,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0020702014562592,"Diplomats based at the Canadian embassy in Havana conducted extensive foreign intelligence operations in Fidel Castro’s Cuba from the early 1960s through the early 1970s. They collected human intelligence of both a political and military nature, using covert as well as overt means. They did so generally at the behest of the United States, and undertook specific “tasked” operations on request from the State Department and the US intelligence community. The diplomat-spies also collaborated operationally with United Kingdom personnel. This article represents the first detailed survey of the Cuba operations and attempts to place Canada’s foreign intelligence program in the context of its relations with the United States and of Canadian foreign policy generally.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5XSG3VGA,2015-03-01,Don Munton,SAGE Publications Ltd,International Journal,2024-01-18T23:18:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1177/0020702014562592,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1986840679,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1986840679,2017.0,2026.0,2015.0,,2.0 5925,Canadian intelligence: An insider's perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.1999.9673190,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QXI2M57N,1999-01-01,Alistair Hensler,Routledge,Canadian Foreign Policy Journal,2024-01-18T23:18:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/11926422.1999.9673190,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2153927445,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2153927445,,,1999.0,, 5926,Issues in Intelligence Production: Summary of Interviews with Canadian Managers of Intelligence Analysts,Report,https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA551144,"Intelligence analysis provides important informational support to civilian and military decision makers. Recent intelligence failures of Canadas allies have been attributed mostly to cognitive, social, and organizational deficits and biases of individual analysts and intelligence agencies. Such attributions call for a comprehensive examination of the intelligence production from the socio-psychological perspective. The present report discusses findings from the interviews conducted with Canadian managers of intelligence analysts. The interviewed managers identified a number of pertinent issues in the intelligence production process that may be explicated through the application of the behavioural sciences accumulated knowledge and methodology. The identified issues are discussed in light of the intelligence studies and behavioural sciences literature, and a roadmap for the behavioural sciences research program in support of the intelligence function is outlined.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XP6BALYP,2010-12-01,"Natalia Derbentseva, Lianne McLellan, David R. Mandel",,,2024-01-18T23:15:39Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5927,The Viability of a Canadian Foreign Intelligence Service,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002070200906400307,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6ZFSYE7Q,2009-09-01,Paul Robinson,SAGE Publications Ltd,International Journal,2024-01-18T23:14:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1177/002070200906400307,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044108452,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044108452,2012.0,2025.0,2009.0,,3.0 5928,The political accountability of intelligence agencies ‐ Canada,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908431986,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RLSN5F7T,1989-01-01,J.J. Blais,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-18T20:29:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684528908431986,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2052726309,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052726309,2026.0,2026.0,1989.0,,37.0 5929,Executive Oversight of Intelligence Agencies in Australia,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0013,"This chapter assesses whether executive oversight of the Australian intelligence agencies is robust, stringent, and effective. The chapter first sets out the six Australian intelligence agencies and their functions. It then sets out the executive bodies that oversee those agencies, including the Inspector-General of Security and the Independent National Security Legislation Monitor. These oversight mechanisms are categorized according to the functions they perform, such as authorizing the use of covert powers or reviewing legislation. The chapter then assesses the strengths and weaknesses of this oversight system. Although these oversight bodies have wide jurisdiction and strong investigative powers, their effectiveness is limited by the broad statutory powers granted to intelligence agencies and by the reluctance of successive governments to accept their recommendations for change. The chapter concludes by suggesting some ways in which this system might be improved, including through stronger whistle-blower protections and ongoing review of counterterrorism laws.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YR4L782C,2016-06-01,"Keiran Hardy, George Williams",Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T19:16:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5930,Intelligence Powers and Accountability in the U.K.,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0012,"This chapter examines the context, strength, and development of intelligence accountability in the U.K., focusing on surveillance, and it concludes that intelligence accountability in the U.K. has been limited in scope and bureaucratic in function. It first discusses the historical and legal contexts of surveillance and assesses the development and impact of surveillance law. It draws attention to the number and range of oversight bodies, but also identifies their inefficiencies and flaws, including their fragmented coverage and their emphasis on legal compliance rather than broader notions of accountability. The chapter notes that, in the absence of broader approaches to accountability, civil society campaigns against surveillance have filled the gap. Yet, although civil society interventions are important, they cannot take the role of rigorous official governmental review bodies. The chapter reflects on potential legal and institutional reforms to implement stronger independent oversight in the U.K.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IBS4P3US,2016-06-01,"Jon Moran, Clive Walker",Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T19:15:55Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5931,Intelligence Oversight—Made in Germany,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0011,"This chapter argues that Germany’s intelligence oversight regime, which revolves around the G10 Commission, is inadequate, and that the G10 Commission itself is unconstitutional. First, it discusses operations of the G10 Commission, which has a distinctive nonjudicial and non-parliamentary role. By examining the limited information known about the commission’s secret proceedings, including the speed with which it approves orders, its high rate of approval, and the limited personnel and expertise at work, the chapter concludes that it is not providing effective oversight. Second, the chapter argues that although the G10 Commission was ruled constitutional in 1970, both the facts of the case at the time and recent developments have undermined the assessment of its constitutionality",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TWJ9R4DA,2016-06-01,Russell A. Miller,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T19:15:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5932,The President as Intelligence Overseer,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0010,"Intelligence oversight typically describes a set of processes and institutions designed to deter and detect illegality and abuse. This chapter focuses on another sense of intelligence oversight, distinguished by its concern with promoting effective intelligence collection while seeking to minimize a wide range of costs, including diplomatic blowback, economic harm to American firms, and intrusiveness that threatens privacy rights. It argues that the institution that has begun to furnish this more holistic sort of oversight, and that enjoys conspicuous advantages over preexisting bodies in doing so, is the president, aided by his staff (especially the NSC). This chapter offers a descriptive account of the rise of presidential intelligence (emphasizing the roles of technology firms and American allies), a qualified normative defense of its value (in addition to, rather than instead of, existing oversight bodies), and a set of prescriptions for how to design institutions to realize its full potential.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3JYP2NLU,2016-06-01,Samuel J. Rascoff,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T19:15:02Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5933,The Emergence of Intelligence Governance,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0009,"This chapter argues that the intelligence oversight system in the United States requires institutions focused broadly on questions of governance, alongside the system’s current focus on ensuring legal compliance. The chapter argues that many of the most difficult questions facing oversight institutions require the analysis of a broad set of interests and concerns. Oversight institutions should act as proxies for the public, aiming to represent their interests in otherwise secret processes. The chapter demonstrates through a historical analysis of the development of oversight institutions in the United States that many of the current institutions of oversight were conceived with relatively narrow missions focused on compliance. The chapter demonstrates the relevance of governance questions to contemporary issues in intelligence oversight and argues for a set of adjustments to some existing independent oversight institutions so that they may embrace a broader role alongside institutions designed to ensure compliance with law.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M872GAE8,2016-06-01,Zachary K. Goldman,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T19:14:39Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5934,Review and Oversight of Intelligence in Canada: Expanding Accountability Gaps,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0008,"This chapter argues that Canada’s national security activities have significantly outpaced its infrastructure of intelligence oversight and review. These growing accountability gaps risk compromising human rights, national security, and Canada’s international stature. The gaps originate, in many respects, in Canada’s limited system of legislative review of intelligence activities that does not give legislators access to secret information. Canadian courts and public inquiries have partially have stepped into this voId. Although all three branches are necessary for intelligence oversight, executive watchdog review should play the most important part. The chapter concludes by proposing that Canada’s future oversight and review processes should expand the role of institutions such as the Security Intelligence Review Committee so that it has a whole of government mandate. The chapter also explores the possibility of transnational oversight structures.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2MFAHJNK,2016-06-01,Kent Roach,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T19:13:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5935,In Law We Trust: The Israeli Case of Overseeing Intelligence,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0007,"This chapter outlines the various oversight mechanisms of Israel’s intelligence agencies and argues that Israel relies substantially on judicial and legal methods of intelligence oversight. Such reliance calls for an explanation, as among potential official oversight bodies, the courts seem most unsuitable for such oversight: it is reactive and case-oriented, and lacks resources of time and expertise. The chapter first assesses the procedural and doctrinal adaptations taken by the Israeli Supreme Court, resulting in its transformation into a de facto oversight body. It seeks to explain the paradox that Israeli politicians allow extensive judicial scrutiny of national security matters by not passing legislation to limit the jurisdiction of the court (despite their power to do so). It shows that the traditional explanations for judicial independence do not apply to the Israeli case; rather, the explanation lies in Israel’s perceived need to seek international legitimacy for its security activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TMPYK2TV,2016-06-01,Raphael Bitton,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T16:13:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5936,Oversight of Intelligence Agencies: The European Dimension,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0004,"This chapter examines the involvement of European institutions on oversight of intelligence services in European states. After discussing the limited competence the EU has in matters of national security, it focuses in particular on the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), explaining that the ECtHR evaluates the compliance of member states’ national policy and laws with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Although the ECtHR is not a direct source of oversight, the chapter explains how it promotes more rigorous national intelligence oversight among European states. In particular, the chapter explores the ECtHR’s semiautonomous legal process, including the ECHR’s extraterritorial effect, its procedural restraints, its soft power, and the role of member-states in implementing judgments. It concludes that the ECtHR’s law is important for any discussion of European oversight, but that the main oversight activities should still, as they do now, take place on a national level.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6YGUSDDK,2016-06-01,Iain Cameron,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T16:13:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5937,Global Change and Megatrends: Implications for Intelligence and Its Oversight,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0005,"This chapter investigates the global developments and trends that will affect the future strategy and goals of the IC and illuminates the impact of those developments on the future architecture of intelligence oversight. It analyzes changes to the geopolitical landscape, including governance challenges, the effects of individual empowerment, the impact of logarithmic changes in technology, the importance of shifting demographics, and the political effects of environmental stress. The chapter proposes ways that the IC might respond to these trendsemphasizing the likelihood that the IC will rely more on open source information.. It concludes by recommending reforms to the oversight system, especially focusing on how it will manage a shift to using unclassified information at scale, adjustments needed to respond to the increased role of “big data” analytical techniques and cloud storage, required changes to the security clearance system, and the increased reliance on intelligence liaison relationships.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BQHHM4A6,2016-06-01,Christopher A. Kojm,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T16:12:55Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5938,Oversight through Five Eyes: Institutional Convergence and the Structure and Oversight of Intelligence Activities,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0003,"This chapter analyzes the components of the intelligence communities of the Five Eyes countries and describes the ways in which their forms and functions have converged over time. It argues specifically that the allied countries have structured and organized their intelligence services in similar ways, and regulated them with similar oversight mechanisms, outlining a theory of institutional convergence that explains this phenomenon. Four main processes gave rise to this phenomenon: competition, coercion, normative persuasion, and acculturation. The chapter examines the consequences of institutional convergence for rights protection and intelligence cooperation and recommends areas for further investigation before suggesting how the Five Eyes model of the oversight and structure of intelligence agencies might become the international norm.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DDLM5HRB,2016-06-01,Richard Morgan,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T16:12:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5939,"Intelligence Services, Peer Constraints, and the Law",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190458072.003.0002,"This chapter introduces the idea of “peer constraints” in intelligence oversight. Peer constraints are an important component of an increasingly thick transnational legal ecosystem that constrains intelligence services. Peer constraints describe the limitations imposed on an intelligence service in excess of those imposed by the intelligence service’s own laws, which arise because of the need for cooperation to mitigate common threats. Through various mechanisms—formal and informal, public and private—one state’s intelligence service affects how a peer service conducts interrogation, detention, and surveillance; the amount and type of intelligence the other service receives; and, less tangibly, the way in which the other service views its own legal obligations. These constraints complement the more public, transparent, and expected sources of oversight and offer unique benefits, including a granular understanding of operations and ability to minimize the politicization that frequently accompanies intelligence critiques. Because of leaks, litigation, and a growing volume of domestic laws and regulations, peer constraints are leading Western democracies towards more rights-protective intelligence practices.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AI2Q9JLM,2016-06-01,Ashley Deeks,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T16:10:19Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5940,Global Intelligence Oversight: Governing Security in the Twenty-First Century,Book,https://academic.oup.com/book/4147,"In a world that is increasingly unstable, intelligence services such as the American CIA, the U.K.’s Secret Intelligence Service, and Israel’s Mossad exist to deliver security and stability. Whether the challenge involves terrorism, cybersecurity, or the renewed specter of great power conflict, intelligence agencies mitigate threats and provide decisional advantage to national security leaders. But empowered intelligence services require adequate supervision and oversight, which must be about more than the narrow (if still precarious) task of ensuring the legality of covert operations and surveillance activities. This book is a comparative investigation of how democratic countries can govern their intelligence services so that they are effective, but operate within frameworks that are acceptable to their people in a complex and interconnected world. The book demonstrates how the institutions that oversee intelligence agencies participate in the protection of national security while safeguarding privacy and civil liberties, balancing among competing national interests, and building public trust in inherently secret activities. It does so by analyzing the role of organizations such as courts and independent oversight bodies as they operate in countries with both robust frameworks of constitutional law and powerful intelligence services. The volume also illuminates the ways in which new forces, such as global technology companies and courts whose jurisdiction crosses national boundaries, play an important role in intelligence oversight. As rapid changes in technology bring the world increasingly closer together, these forces will complement their more traditional counterparts in ensuring that intelligence activities remain effective, legitimate, and sustainable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GJUM4YF5,2016-05-19,"Zachary K. Goldman, Samuel J. Rascoff",Oxford University Press,,2024-01-18T15:37:44Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5941,The politics of security intelligence policy‐making in Canada: I 1970–84,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529108432126,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5PEZJ7LM,1991-10-01,Reg Whitaker,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-18T15:31:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B4CCZ7Y8']",10.1080/02684529108432126,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2132633799,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2132633799,,,1991.0,, 5942,The ‘Bristow affair’: A crisis of accountability in Canadian security intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432357,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/42BY2U9L,1996-04-01,Reg Whitaker,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-18T12:03:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684529608432357,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968617552,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968617552,,,1996.0,, 5943,Intelligence Review and Oversight in Post-9/11 Canada,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600656350,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/83MKQLLB,2006-06-01,Jacques J.M. Shore,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-18T12:00:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850600600656350,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015211399,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015211399,2012.0,2025.0,2006.0,,6.0 5944,"Post-9/11 Canada–US Security Integration: Of the Butcher, the Baker, and the Intelligence-Policy Maker",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02722010902834250,"Will the post-9/11 environment revive Canada–US intelligence cooperation and catalyze a security community? A comparative study based on intelligence principles, ideas, norms, orientations, and institutions drawn from the literature predicts cooperation but not necessarily a security community, owing to different (a) histories, (b) security interpretations/agenda placements, (c) political and legislative cultures, (d) degrees of public acceptance, and (e) domestic–international inclinations. Waning British influences, evaporating Anglo-Saxon identities, and changing strategic interests compel Canada to play Thomas Hughes's butcher role, and the US the more encompassing intelligence-policy maker role.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L73WFMHU,2009-05-11,Imtiaz Hussain,Routledge,American Review of Canadian Studies,2024-01-18T11:50:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B4CCZ7Y8']",10.1080/02722010902834250,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2076705397,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076705397,2014.0,2021.0,2009.0,,5.0 5945,Violence Performed in Secret by State Agents: For an Alternative Problematisation of Intelligence Studies,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003205463-14/violence-performed-secret-state-agents-alternative-problematisation-intelligence-studies-didier-bigo,"Many analysts of intelligence have noted the transformation of the world of intelligence services in the past 30 years. Among the justifications for this are the transformation of the security situation and the development of asymmetric war and terrorism, instead of the previous justification of ‘bipolarity’. Analysts call for a necessary adaptation to this new situation by obliging intelligence services to collaborate between themselves in order to get a global reach, to develop sophisticated technologies of surveillance, to use them as much as possible to collect the traces left by individuals or groups on the Internet, to have more personnel or to contract private companies to exploit the mass of information, and to push towards the use of artificial intelligence. This has created a huge extension (some would say a colonisation) of other social spaces by professionals of secret services and their collaborators. Private partners, Internet users, privacy analysts, international lawyers, and others who until recently have been unaware of the old ‘spy’ activities, have also entered, sometimes against their will, as ‘amateurs’ in this social space. Using Norbert Elias’ theories, this chapter discusses these dynamics at work, as well as their effects.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2KUP5BYC,2022,Didier Bigo,Routledge,,2024-01-18T11:48:27Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Problematising Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5946,After Cambridge Analytica: Rethinking Surveillance in the Age of (Com)Modification,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003205463-13/cambridge-analytica-rethinking-surveillance-age-com-modification-h%C3%A5vard-markussen,"This chapter looks at how the emergence of surveillance capitalism, and specifically the change in contemporary mass surveillance and intelligence where the practice of watching and identification of suspicious behaviour is supplemented by the practice of modification and identification of profitable behaviour, is (re)constituting neoliberal, surveilled subjectivity. It argues that this gravitational shift from watching to modification makes the subject more steered than disciplined, putting its agency at even greater risk. Moreover, it ventures that more than putting the subject's agency at greater risk, this move also reconfigures the very meaning of agency in the context of surveillance and intelligence, by impelling us to understand it in temporal terms, as the capacity to move freely in time, instead of in spatial terms, as a mere extension of privacy. Advancing the analysis, the chapter explores and compares the Snowden and Cambridge Analytica cases through the memoirs of the two whistleblowers, Edward Snowden and Christopher Wylie, showing how Snowden's subject is private and disciplined, whereas Wylie's appears to be more agentic and steered.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YEG95PWX,2022,Håvard Markussen,Routledge,,2024-01-18T11:01:51Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,Problematising Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5947,Regulating the Internet in Times of Mass Surveillance: A Universal Global Space with Universal Human Rights?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003205463-12/regulating-internet-times-mass-surveillance-universal-global-space-universal-human-rights-alvina-hoffmann,"Intelligence agencies’ intrusive data collection practices rely on the citizen/foreigner distinction. Citizens of a state can claim the right to privacy within their own state territory, but not foreigners or citizens abroad. However, there have been various initiatives at the international, regional, and national levels to unsettle this distinction and to enact boundaries to intelligence agencies, codifying the Internet user as an international legal subject. This chapter introduces socio-legal approaches to the study of intelligence by focusing on the Internet through a human rights lens. What is at stake for state territoriality and intelligence agencies’ legitimation of their activities when Internet users claim human rights universally? The chapter focuses on the role of national legislations and aspirational declarations on the Internet as ways to reimagine the Internet as a space of freedom and universal human rights that is not colonised by intelligence agencies’ intrusion. It reviews three different national approaches towards the Internet and their international ramifications through the examples of the United States, Brazil, and Italy. What kind of alliances are made possible through legal regulations on the Internet imposing boundaries on intelligence agencies?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2T6JBBMW,2022,Alvina Hoffmann,Routledge,,2024-01-18T10:45:20Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Problematising Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5948,The Techno-Legal Boundaries of Intelligence: NSA and FRA's Collaborations in Transatlantic Mass Surveillance,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003205463-10/techno-legal-boundaries-intelligence-nsa-fra-collaborations-transatlantic-mass-surveillance-sebastian-larsson,"This chapter investigates how the shifting role of the Swedish signals intelligence agency FRA has impacted transatlantic signals intelligence cooperation in recent decades. Specifically, by drawing on legal texts and relevant parts of the Snowden files, it shows how FRA have greatly expanded their secret data collection capacities as well as intensified their intelligence exchanges with the USA to the extent that the National Security Agency (NSA) considers Sweden one of its ‘most valued foreign partners' today. A country where public trust in security authorities is generally high, Sweden's involvement in transnational mass surveillance and counter-terrorism practices has been left unscrutinised and partly unregulated for many years. This chapter shows, however, that in NSA-led covert and intrusive hacking projects such as ‘Quantum' and ‘Winterlight', FRA played a far more crucial role than United State's ‘usual' Five Eyes partners such as the United Kingdom when it came to technologically enabling and facilitating these operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LEYDDQVR,2022,Sebastian Larsson,Routledge,,2024-01-18T10:44:34Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,Problematising Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5949,"Transversal Practices of Everyday Intelligence Work in New Zealand: Transnationalism, Commercialism, Diplomacy",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003205463-9/transversal-practices-everyday-intelligence-work-new-zealand-transnationalism-commercialism-diplomacy-damien-rogers,"Scholarship concerned with New Zealand's intelligence community remains somewhat modest and under-theorised while most critical treatments of contemporary intelligence work neglect New Zealand as an empirical site of investigation. Seeking to help remedy both shortcomings, this chapter aims at the politico-social character of New Zealand's intelligence community and the routine interactions among New Zealand intelligence professionals and their foreign counterparts that tend to promote bureaucratic amity ahead of New Zealand's national interest. It interrogates the intelligence community's recently formed partnerships with commercial enterprises operating within New Zealand's economy, including private security companies, telecommunications providers, and so-called firms of national significance, which drastically increase intelligence actors’ ability to surveil the daily lives of New Zealanders to an unprecedented, and quite possibly unwarranted, degree. Progressed under the auspices of cybersecurity, but lent urgency as potential counter-terrorism measures, these everyday practices of intelligence work occur in the shadows of more public, though episodic, debate over the meaning of ‘national security’. By focusing on the transnational, commercial and digital aspects of intelligence work, this chapter challenges received wisdom on the purposes and effects of New Zealand's intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VE9C6MVU,2022,Damien Rogers,Routledge,,2024-01-18T10:40:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Problematising Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5950,Manufacturing Intelligence: Police and Intelligence Services in Germany,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003205463-8/manufacturing-intelligence-police-intelligence-services-germany-jean-paul-hanon,"This chapter explores how German police and intelligence agencies trace, collect, analyse, and disseminate processed information on extending territories and moving populations, and how various ‘intelligence platforms’ are designed and deployed by local, regional, and federal police agencies. Does the whole process improve intelligence sharing among police forces or does it allow increased autonomy? What level of access, legal or unsaid, do intelligence services have to police intelligence? How do the different intelligence platforms, acting as a comprehensive networking structure, interlink the European information systems? This chapter investigates how intrusive surveillance through computerised devices has not only transformed the way intelligence is operating but also changed the traditional rules of cooperation within police agencies and between the police and intelligence services. The chapter aims to provide a better understanding of the ‘manufacture of intelligence’ by examining in detail the tools, habits, and practices of police forces and intelligence services in Germany. From this empirical study, one idea emerges that, far from strengthening cooperation, the intelligence process is rather conducive to increased autonomy which in turn provides bargaining leeway when it comes to cooperate with other forces, administrations, or the government.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRDANSZI,2022,Jean-Paul Hanon,Routledge,,2024-01-18T10:40:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Problematising Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5951,Prison Intelligence in France: An Empirical Investigation of the Emergence of Counter-radicalisation Professionals,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003205463-7/prison-intelligence-france-empirical-investigation-emergence-counter-radicalisation-professionals-david-scheer,"This chapter studies the development of prison intelligence services in France. Based on several months of ethnographic observations, it investigates the practices of detecting and evaluating ‘radicalisation’ in French prisons. In prisons, units have been created to group together ‘Islamist terrorist’ detainees for assessment by a series of professionals for four-month periods to decide on their future prison management and their prison assignments. These units represent a new form of prison intelligence services. Prison intelligence services are very powerful and have a significant weight in the selection, assignment, and orientation of so-called ‘radicalised prisoners’. This begs the question whether the central objective of the prison is to neutralise, evaluate, or de-radicalise, or to provide information to intelligence services. Prisons, it seems, have become sites for professional participation in a mission of public utility: the prevention of violent acts and terrorist projects through the collection of information held and shared within a dissident group in detention. Indeed, the prison guards’ participation in intelligence objectives is regularly presented and praised as a ‘war effort’ by the staff. This chapter analyses the implications of prison intelligence on the prison decision-making process, given their strong presence and influence on practices.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/655FI4RV,2022,David Scheer,Routledge,,2024-01-18T10:39:23Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Problematising Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5952,Introduction: What's the Problem with Intelligence Studies? Outlining a New Research Agenda on Contemporary Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003205463-2/introduction-problem-intelligence-studies-outlining-new-research-agenda-contemporary-intelligence-hager-ben-jaffel-sebastian-larsson,"Who and what make up ‘intelligence’ today? What are its contemporary practical, human, and everyday dimensions? This introduction presents the book's aims and the analytical approach which will guide its chapter contributions towards answering these questions. First, through a series of examples, it is shown how intelligence practice has undergone several social, political, and technical transformations in recent years. No longer is intelligence mainly about espionage and state secrets. Today, it has multiplied and diversified to involve everything from digital mass surveillance to everyday policing and counter-terrorism operations. Second, the chapter argues that in order to study the transversal characteristics of modern intelligence, our analytical strategy needs to be similarly transdisciplinary. It shows how several key insights have been generated in fields such as criminology, critical security studies, political sociology, and surveillance studies, while insisting that these different investigations need to be better connected and engaged in cross-disciplinary dialogue. Finally, the chapter critiques how conventional Intelligence Studies (IS) have tended to define intelligence as a state-centric and functionalist phenomenon and argues that this leaves IS insufficiently geared towards studying the social, practical, and everyday dimensions of contemporary intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GGSZGE6R,2022,"Hager Ben Jaffel, Sebastian Larsson",Routledge,,2024-01-18T10:32:09Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Problematising Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5953,Towards a Reflexive Study of Intelligence Accountability,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003205463-3/towards-reflexive-study-intelligence-accountability-bernardino-leon-reyes,"This chapter continues and expands on the mapping of Intelligence Studies literature initiated in the introduction chapter. Here, however, the focus lies on the way in which debates around the idea of oversight and accountability have been developed in Intelligence Studies, particularly in its central journals Intelligence and National Security and International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. First, the chapter surveys the debates present in the literature and proposes three ideal-typical controversies (the allegiance of oversight bodies, the jurisdiction of oversight, and the progress made in the past decades) and four agreements (access under secrecy, embracing the raison d’état, the diffusion of responsibility, and the need of neutrality). Second, drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's reflexivity, the chapter proposes both a way of analysing the position-takings by these authors and a way of going forward from these positions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CFM7Z2M9,2022,Bernardino Leon-Reyes,Routledge,,2024-01-18T10:31:28Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Problematising Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5954,Problematising Intelligence Studies: Towards A New Research Agenda,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Problematising-Intelligence-Studies-Towards-A-New-Research-Agenda/Ben-Jaffel-Larsson/p/book/9781032071213,"This book offers a new research agenda for intelligence studies in contemporary times. In contrast to Intelligence Studies (IS), whose aim has largely been to improve the performance of national security services and assist in policy making, this book takes the investigation of the new professionals and everyday practices of intelligence as the immediate point of departure. Starting from the observation that intelligence today is increasingly about counter-terrorism, crime control, surveillance, and other security-related issues, this book adopts a transdisciplinary approach for studying the shifting logics of intelligence, how it has come to involve an expanding number of empirical sites, such as the police, local community, prison and the Internet, as well as a corresponding multiplicity of new actors in these domains. Shifting the focus away from traditional spies and Anglo-American intelligence services, this book addresses the transformations of contemporary intelligence through empirically detailed and theoretically innovative analyses, making a key contribution to existing scholarship. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, critical security studies, foreign policy, and International Relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z5ECHZIK,2022-06-15,"Hager Ben Jaffel, Sebastian Larsson",Routledge,,2024-01-18T10:29:05Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5955,Closely Guarded: A Life in Canadian Security and Intelligence,Book,https://utorontopress.com/9780802084552/closely-guarded,"Closely Guarded is written by a man who was privy to some of the most closely guarded state secrets in Canada. From 1942 to 1973, John Starnes was engaged in such areas as communications intelligence and, during his tenure as the first civilian director-general of the RCMP Security Service, in counter-espionage and counter-subversion. His recollection of these confidential activities and the part he played in them is supported by a wealth of formerly classified official documentation recently released under the Access to Information Act. This is a highly personal narrative, brought vividly to life with excerpts from the letters that Starnes wrote home from London during the Second World War, when he moved in intelligence circles and met many prominent diplomats and policy-makers. His story recalls several of the key political moments of this century, including the creation of the United Nations, the glory days of External Affairs, the Six Day War between Israel and Egypt, and the October Crisis in 1970. Starnes's memoir offers a fascinating look at Canada's security and intelligence work from the point of view of an official deeply involved in many covert government activities. It provides an insider's perspective on both the little-known world of the Canadian intelligence community and the international security and intelligence network in which Canada has participated. Written by the author of five spy novels, it will interest those who follow the history of Canada's undercover operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H75A2KSL,1998-01-01,John Starnes,University of Toronto Press,,2024-01-18T10:17:01Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5956,Canadian Military Intelligence in Afghanistan,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.652533,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DNU8MRGH,2012-09-01,David A. Charters,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-18T10:12:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2012.652533,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2049790151,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2049790151,2012.0,2022.0,2012.0,,0.0 5957,The Canadian Security Intelligence Service under stress,Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1754-7121.1988.tb01318.x,"Abstract: In 1984 the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) replaced the Security Service of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. This article assesses whether or not the new service is likely to be more effective than its predecessor and yet engender fewer fears that it might itself undermine what it seeks to defend. After briefly discussing the problems and events that led to the creation of the new service the article analyses the structural and legal changes that have taken place. The new instruments by which the CSIS is held accountable, such as the ofice of the Inspector General and the Security Intelligence Review Committee, are then examined followed by an analysis of the changes in the political ethos both within and without the CSIS. The article concludes by arguing that the new agency is likely to be both a more effective intelligence agency and a more responsible and responsive one. Sommaire: En 1984, le Service canadien de renseignements d'intelligence (SCRI) a remplacé le Service de sécurité de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada. Dans cet article, on examine la probabilité que le nouveau service soit plus eficace que son précurseur tout en réduisant les inquiétudes de ceux qui craignent qu'il ne détruise précisément ce qu'il est censé défendre. Après un bref exposé des problèmes et des événements qui ont amené l'établissement du nouveau senice, l'article analyse l'évolution structurelle et juridique qui a eu lieu. De nouveaux instruments qui assurent l'imputabilité du SCRI, comme le bureau de l'Inspecteur général et le Comité de surveillance des activités de renseignements de sécurité font alors l'objet d'examen; suit une analyse de l'évolution de la pensée politique à l'interieur comme à l'extérieur du SCRI. En conclusion, on y affirme que le nouvel organisme sera probablement une agence de renseignements plus efficace ainsi que plus responsable et plus susceptible de contrôle.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H26BT24C,1988,Geoffrey R. Weller,,Canadian Public Administration,2024-01-18T10:08:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1111/j.1754-7121.1988.tb01318.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2047580805,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2047580805,2012.0,2012.0,1988.0,,24.0 5958,Is Canadian intelligence being re‐invented?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.1999.9673174,"Canada seems bent on entering the twenty‐first century without a fundamental analysis of its intelligence capacity or its future needs. Farson states that the post‐cold war environment requires intelligence to be reinvented. This paper is intended to invigorate a public debate on the issue. The intelligence needs that Canada will have as a twenty‐first century, multi‐ethnic democracy and as a global trading nation with international interests and obligations are discussed. What Canada's intelligence community must have to meet these needs are then presented. Farson particularly emphasises the importance of the analytical process and the relationship between a government‐run intelligence community and the private sector and academe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9TXC9XVS,1999-01-01,Stuart Farson,Routledge,Canadian Foreign Policy Journal,2024-01-18T10:07:39Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/11926422.1999.9673174,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2255703585,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2255703585,2012.0,2022.0,1999.0,,13.0 5959,Does Canada need a foreign intelligence service?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.1993.9673015,"The end of the Cold War and the rise of global economic rivalry has led to a redefinition of what constitutes “national security.” While the territorial integrity of the state will continue to be important, the threat of economic espionage and the changing nature of alliances may mean that Canada can no longer rely on its traditional intelligence partners. As a means of adapting to this changing environment some observers have called for the establishment of a foreign intelligence service for Canada. This article examines the arguments in favour of and against such a proposition, concluding that rather than a foreign intelligence service what is first needed is a strategic assessment of Canada's current collection methods.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VZTRJBKV,1993-01-01,T. D'Arcy Finn,Routledge,Canadian Foreign Policy Journal,2024-01-18T10:05:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/11926422.1993.9673015,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997889811,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997889811,,,1993.0,, 5960,Cryptographic Innocence: The Origins of Signals Intelligence in Canada in the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948702200405,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YXJDT4VM,1987-10-01,Wesley K. Wark,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-18T10:05:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1177/002200948702200405,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2126516592,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2126516592,2015.0,2023.0,1987.0,,28.0 5961,Assessing Canadian Intelligence Literature: 1980 - 2000,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600150501326,"For a relatively small country that does not have a very large intelligence establishment, Canada has produced quite a sizeable literature on such matters. Produced mainly in the past twenty years, it essentially dates from the period when revelations began that the Security Services of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) had been involved in illegal activities. The resulting scandal produced a Royal Commission of Inquiry, the McDonald Commission, and the establishment of review institutions. While Igor Gouzenko's disclosures of Soviet involvement had drawn some public and academic attention to espionage matters in Canada in the late 1940s, the Security Service controversies of the late sixties and seventies marked the real beginning of a spate of publications in the field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IX5EIDH2,2001-01-01,Geoffrey R. Weller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-18T09:58:36Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600150501326,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043227852,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043227852,2012.0,2012.0,2001.0,,11.0 5962,"Informing the enemy: Australian prisoners and German intelligence on the Western Front, 1916–1918",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315672939-27/informing-enemy-australian-prisoners-german-intelligence-western-front-1916%E2%80%931918-aaron-pegram,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8IDIY7N,2016,Aaron Pegram,Routledge,,2024-01-09T23:52:20Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,The British Empire and the First World War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5963,Black American Radicalism and the First World War: The Secret Files of the Military Intelligence Division,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X9902600103,"In 1986, the National Archives released previously classified material regarding U.S. Army surveillance of African-Americans from 1917 to 1941. The documents relate primarily to the First World War and the immediate post-war years. U.S. Army surveillance of American citizens is not an especially startling revelation; however, what is remarkable is the fact that a principal officer charged with ""spying"" on blacks during the Great War was himself black and many prominent black public figures cooperated in the effort. This article examines this largely unknown aspect of American history in terms of our understanding of the black experience, the legacy of racism in the larger society, and the intersection of both in the U.S. military.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AAM9UY8H,1999-10-01,Wray R. Johnson,SAGE Publications Inc,Armed Forces & Society,2024-01-14T17:08:03Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1177/0095327X9902600103,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2102052790,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2102052790,2015.0,2024.0,1999.0,,16.0 5964,Venice’s Knowledge of the Qizilbash – The Importance of the Role of the Venetian Baili in Intelligence-Gathering on the Safavids,Journal article,https://akjournals.com/view/journals/062/75/1/article-p79.xml,"While the subject of the Venetian espionage in the Ottoman empire has received scholarly attention, no attempt has been made to study the baili’s intelligence-gathering activities on Safavid issues in a systematic way. Through the close scrutiny of baili dispatches and other relevant materials of the Venetian State archives, this paper examines the role of the Venetian diplomats in Istanbul in information-gathering on the Safavids. It demonstrates that the baili used various techniques, particularly gifting, bribery, and information exchange with the Ottoman officials in order to collect and transmit to Venice a wide range of information on Ottomans’ arch-rivals, the Safavids.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H8DGEI7W,2022/04/04,Ahmad Guliyev,Akadémiai Kiadó,Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,2023-01-23T22:24:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1556/062.2022.00116,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4226315003,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4226315003,2022.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://akjournals.com/downloadpdf/journals/062/75/1/article-p79.pdf,0.0 5965,A Portrait of the Intelligence Officers of the Polish People's Republic in the United States,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/poliamerstud.75.2.0055,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/78ABI229,2018-09-01,Joanna Wojdon,"[Polish American Historical Association, University of Illinois Press]",Polish American Studies,2024-01-08T10:28:49Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.5406/poliamerstud.75.2.0055,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2896745173,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2896745173,2020.0,2020.0,2018.0,,2.0 5966,Intelligence Cooperation Meets International Studies Theory: Explaining Canadian Operations in Castro's Cuba,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902756960,"At the behest of Washington, Canadian diplomats secretly gathered intelligence in Cuba during the 1960s, sometimes in collaboration with British counterparts. They did so despite the lack of a Canadian foreign intelligence tradition and despite the fact that Canada maintained diplomatic and trade relations with the Castro government, often in the face of American criticism. The intelligence studies literature does not much explore such examples of intelligence cooperation let alone provide much basis for theorizing. The present article attempts to explain this case using both realist theory and liberal-constructivist theory. Canada's cooperation can be explained in part by Cold War-related security concerns and in part by a desire to meet the norm of quid pro quo that permeates international intelligence liaison.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IG8QQYS7,2009-02-01,Don Munton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-18T09:51:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520902756960,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006495874,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2006495874,2013.0,2022.0,2009.0,,4.0 5967,The Evolution of Military Intelligence in Canada,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X8901600106,"The historical evolution of a military intelligence system in Canada, like that of other Western powers, developed largely under the stimuli of the two world wars. Yet within this evolutionary framework, unique national characteristics emerged. One was the underlying Canadian concern with intelligence on a variety of threatened frontiers, especially after 1945 with the remote northern flank. Another unique feature of Canadian history was the response to the lessons of the Second World War. Rather than consolidating the wartime intelligence community to serve postwar needs, Canada restricted itself to subordinate partnership in an intelligence alliance with the United States and the United Kingdom, forfeited a strategic intelligence capability, and concentrated on domestic security problems. This article attempts to analyze these developments as a preliminary step toward the still unwritten history of the intelligence function in Canada.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RGCUZJUQ,1989-10-01,Wesley K. Wark,SAGE Publications Inc,Armed Forces & Society,2024-01-18T09:50:36Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1177/0095327X8901600106,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2076442080,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2076442080,2020.0,2023.0,1989.0,,31.0 5968,Espionage: A Concise History,Book,https://direct.mit.edu/books/monograph/5545/EspionageA-Concise-History,"Espionage is one of the most secret of human activities. It is also, as the popularity of spy stories suggests, one of the most intriguing. This book pulls the veil back on the real world of espionage, revealing how spying actually works. In a refreshingly clear, concise manner, Kristie Macrakis guides readers through the shadowy world of espionage, from the language and practice of spycraft to its role in international politics, its bureaucratic underpinnings, and its transformation in light of modern technology. Espionage is a mirror of society and human foibles with the added cloak of secrecy and deception. Accordingly, Espionage traces spying all the way back to antiquity, while also moving beyond traditional accounts of military and diplomatic intelligence to shine a light on industrial espionage and the new techno-spy. As thorough—and thoroughly readable—as it is compact, the book is an ideal introduction to the history and anatomy of espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J7I9ET99,2023-02-28,Kristie Macrakis,The MIT Press,,2024-01-18T08:54:30Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.7551/mitpress/13765.001.0001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4322623969,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4322623969,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,,1.0 5969,On the Question of the Polish-Japanese Military Alliance against the USSR in 1922-1939,Journal article,https://ras.jes.su/pdv/s013128120028046-1-1-en,"The article is devoted to the problem of the existence of a secret Polish-Japanese military agreement, which was allegedly concluded in 1931 and directed against the Soviet Union, which has long been",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P45XES4Y,2023/12/27,Alexander Zorikhin,,Problemy Dalnego Vostoka,2024-01-18T08:53:20Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.31857/S013128120028046-1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390283244,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 5970,The challenges of Kosova in the field of counterintelligence,Journal article,https://knowledgecenter.ubt-uni.net/conference/IC/ps/6,"The latest attack in the Monastery of Banjska by a group of Serbian terrorists makes the security sphere in Kosova even more challenging. This happens at a time when the state is not in the most favorable geopolitical position in the region, primarily due to the lack of a political agreement with Serbia. Serbia, not only through hybrid warfare but also through terrorist actions, is attempting to create chaos within the territory of Kosova. This hostile effort by Serbia cannot happen without the assistance of potential collaborators in Kosova. In this context, my analysis aims to highlight the facts and circumstances surrounding the inadequate functioning of the counterintelligence sector in Kosova. Furthermore, my analysis aims to bring to light the segments of non-cooperation and non-functioning of the institutions that cover the security sphere in Kosova.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BT3V326J,2023-10-28,"Fatos Rushiti, Llokman Mirtezani",,UBT International Conference,2024-01-18T08:46:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5971,A look at Japan’s evolving intelligence efforts,Blog post,https://news.mit.edu/2019/special-duty-japan-intelligence-1008,"MIT political scientist Richard Samuels’ new book, Special Duty, examines the past and present of Japan’s intelligence services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UBPTXWGA,2019-10-08,Peter Dizikes,,,2024-01-17T11:36:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5972,Japanese Foreign Intelligence and Grand Strategy: From the Cold War to the Abe Era,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Japanese-Foreign-Intelligence-and-Grand-Strategy-1,"Incisive insights into the distinctive nature of Japanese foreign intelligence and grand strategy, its underlying norms, and how they have changed over time Japanese foreign intelligence is an outlier in many ways. Unlike many states, Japan does not possess a centralized foreign intelligence agency that dispatches agents abroad to engage in espionage. Japan is also notable for civilian control over key capabilities in human and signals intelligence. Japanese Foreign Intelligence and Grand Strategy probes the unique makeup of Japan's foreign intelligence institutions, practices, and capabilities across the economic, political, and military domains and shows how they have changed over time. Brad Williams begins by exploring how Japan’s experiences of the Second World War and its new role as a major US ally influenced its adoption of bilateralism, developmentalism, technonationalism, and antimilitarism as key norms. As a result, Japanese intelligence-gathering resources centered primarily around improving its position in the global economy throughout the Cold War. Williams then brings his analysis up to the Abe Era, examining how shifts in the international, regional, and domestic policy environments in the twenty-first century have caused a gradual reassessment of national security strategy under former prime minister Shinzo Abe. As Japan reevaluates its old norms in light of regional security challenges, the book concludes by detailing how the country is beginning to rethink the size, shape, and purpose of its intelligence community. Anyone interested in Japanese intelligence, security, or international relations will welcome this important contribution to our understanding of the country's intelligence capabilities and strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C69SRCN3,2021-03-01,Brad Williams,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-17T11:35:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D67KFVND']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5973,"News Navigator: What is Japan's equivalent of the CIA, and how does it work?",Newspaper article,https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20220106/p2a/00m/0op/023000c,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MMAJB3GC,2022-01-06,Takayuki Kanamori,,Mainichi Daily News,2024-01-17T11:34:25Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5974,The Untold Story of Japan's Secret Spy Agency,Blog post,https://theintercept.com/2018/05/19/japan-dfs-surveillance-agency/,"Japan has a hidden spy center in Tokyo and is operating an internet surveillance program that sweeps up data from satellites, sources reveal.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AT6ERF7S,2018-05-19T12:00:10+00:00,Ryan Gallagher,,,2024-01-17T11:31:52Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5975,Australian National Security Intelligence Collection Since 9/11: Policy and Legislative Challenges,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43243-4_3,"A key lesson from 9/11 was that intelligence agencies could no longer simply wait for information to arrive. The enhanced threat from Al Qaeda and their global franchises required an extensive and ‘real-time’ collection of intelligence. This new operating environment has refashioned Australian and other Five Eyes countries, therefore, to be more active ‘hunters’ of information. This chapter examines both policy and counter-terrorism legislative landmarks underpinning intelligence collection since 9/11, and the many challenges Australian agencies have faced managing policy and legislative reform. The Australian counter-terrorism response is then compared briefly to the Canadian policy and legislative context to identify common and unique challenges by policymakers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RPHHTEUC,2016,Patrick F. Walsh,Springer International Publishing,,2024-01-16T21:38:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1007/978-3-319-43243-4_3,"National Security, Surveillance and Terror: Canada and Australia in Comparative Perspective",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2557344172,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2557344172,2018.0,2022.0,2016.0,,2.0 5976,Enigmatic Variations: The Development of National Intelligence Assessment in Australia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714866668,"The history of national intelligence assessments (estimates) in Australia has been closely related to developments in the two major members of the Anglo-Saxon intelligence community, the UK and the US. British models were more important in the first quarter century after WW11. Subsequently, reflecting the greater importance of the US as a security partner (including through joint intelligence facilities on Australian soil), Australia has moved closer to American practice in refining the estimates machinery and in making it directly responsible to the head of government. Nevertheless Australian experience has had its own distinctive characteristics which make comparisons useful, especially in regard to receptivity and bureaucratic politics. For the last fifteen years, Australia has faced, and failed to resolve, the universal dilemma contributed to by information overload and short attention spans of current intelligence crowding out longer-term and more unorthodox forecasting.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y7G6FPI8,2001-06-01,Garry Woodward,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-16T21:37:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/714866668,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2025857556,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2025857556,2017.0,2023.0,2001.0,,16.0 5977,"The architecture of community: Intelligence community management in Australia, Canada and New Zealand",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076712458110,"While many have examined individual intelligence agencies and cooperation between agencies bilaterally, the study of the interdepartmental architecture that is meant to coordinate intelligence communities has been peripheral at best. This is especially true in the case of smaller states, such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand. However, this architecture is fundamentally important to our understanding of how the secret state operates; how it impacts, and is impacted by, the open state; and, when taken comparatively, is indicative of differing government cultures towards intelligence. Examination of the development of intelligence community management architecture in Australia, Canada and New Zealand reveals that actors in all three communities recognise networks of interdependency between them. However the extent to which they are able to exploit these interdependencies is dependent on larger dynamics in government, supporting the idea that intelligence communities can only be as cohesive as the governments they serve allow them to be.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6LYNXQ93,2013-04-01,Andrew D Brunatti,SAGE Publications Ltd,Public Policy and Administration,2024-01-16T21:37:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1177/0952076712458110,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2160753590,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160753590,2015.0,2024.0,2012.0,,3.0 5978,Allied intelligence cooperation involving Australia during World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10357717808444653,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ABG2HFL,1978-12-01,Desmond J. Ball,Routledge,Australian Outlook,2024-01-16T21:36:42Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/10357717808444653,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055282302,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055282302,2016.0,2022.0,1978.0,,38.0 5979,Missiles and mistrust: US intelligence responses to British and Australian missile research,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431967,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DHSKIS9K,1988-10-01,Frank Cain,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-16T21:36:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684528808431967,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056033530,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056033530,2014.0,2016.0,1988.0,,26.0 5980,The ‘Security of Security’: Making Up the Australian Intelligence Community 1975–2015,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43243-4_8,"This chapter frames the development of Australian national security policies since the mid-1970s as part of a strategy of security governance. After outlining elements of Foucault’s governmentality thesis, the chapter navigates the governmental rationalities that have informed developments in the national security landscape. We observe a self-legitimating cycle of security expansion. This frequently validates enhanced coordination among disparate security agencies, which in turn requires enhanced mass population surveillance and the increased circulation of information about citizen activity with fewer legal constraints. We conclude by discussing how these rationalities of national security governance contribute to profound expansion of Australia’s national security structure that only marginally address key problems associated with the improving inter-agency coordination or limiting the erosion of citizen rights.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NNJQI2S9,2016,"Darren Palmer, Ian Warren",Springer International Publishing,,2024-01-16T21:32:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1007/978-3-319-43243-4_8,"National Security, Surveillance and Terror: Canada and Australia in Comparative Perspective",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2558151357,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2558151357,2020.0,2020.0,2016.0,https://figshare.com/articles/chapter/The_Security_of_Security_making_up_the_Australian_intelligence_community_1975_2015/20869765,4.0 5981,Australia and the ‘Five Eyes’ intelligence network: the perils of an asymmetric alliance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2017.1342763,"Aside from NATO, the Five Eyes intelligence network between the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand is the world’s most enduring multilateral arrangement of its type. While the Five Eyes network does not constitute a formal security alliance in the classic sense of the term, it does emulate significant features of how alliances operate in practice, including active burden-sharing and intra-alliance bargaining. Most analysts claim that the USA dictates in hierarchical fashion the terms and conditions of how the Five Eyes network functions, and that junior partners have little alternative but to fall in line if they want to preserve the flow of high-grade intelligence from Washington. Using Australia as a case study, this article shows that a more fluid relationship has been at play, one that challenges conventional assumptions about asymmetrical alliances and the role of junior partners.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YBXA3CJ2,2017-09-03,Andrew O’Neil,Routledge,Australian Journal of International Affairs,2024-01-16T21:32:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/10357718.2017.1342763,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2731965482,31.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2731965482,2018.0,2026.0,2017.0,,1.0 5982,Politicization of Australian Intelligence Is Alive and Well,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1816200,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6PFADZ2V,2021-07-03,Alexa O’Brien,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-16T21:30:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CGAXYI88']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1816200,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3097617533,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3097617533,2019.0,2019.0,2020.0,,-1.0 5983,"Strategic intelligence practice in the Australian intelligence community: evolution, constraints and progress",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1911434,"This article explores the development of strategic intelligence practice in Australia’s national intelligence community (NIC) since 9/11. It shows how strategic intelligence practice has been forged by both external (political and policy) and internal (institutional) factors over the last two decades. Key institutional factors that have either progressed or constrained the growth of strategic intelligence practice include leadership, organizational cultural, cognitive, technological issues and training and education. Despite constraints, strategic intelligence practice again is gaining more traction in the NIC. The article concludes with observations about how its value can be further optimized by the community in the future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/223E73KX,2021-07-29,"Patrick F. Walsh, Mark Harrison MBE",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-16T21:24:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1911434,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3156321678,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3156321678,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,,1.0 5984,"Transforming the Australian intelligence community: mapping change, impact and challenges",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2020.1836829,"9/11 produced significant changes to the US intelligence community, while in contrast the attacks resulted in incremental changes in the Australian intelligence community (AIC). Fast forward to 2017 however, this article examines how the 2017 Independent Intelligence Review has created the momentum for significant change in the AIC; and what challenges may arise from reform initiatives flowing from the review. While assessing the full impact of the current reform agenda will take years, this article assesses key changes made so far (2017 to October 2020) and if they are resulting in a more effective, coordinated and integrated intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TXFLB7NU,2021-02-23,Patrick F. Walsh,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-16T21:20:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2020.1836829,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3093608367,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3093608367,2021.0,2024.0,2020.0,,1.0 5985,The Whitlam Government's 1973 Clash With Australian Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600150501335,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NM2ZU7V6,2001-01-01,Gaetano Joe Ilardi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-16T21:16:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600150501335,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2021579307,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2021579307,2016.0,2016.0,2001.0,,15.0 5986,"Secret State, Transparent Subject: The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation in the Age of Terror",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1375/acri.38.3.400,"This article describes the secrecy provisions embodied in the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Legislation Amendment Act 2003 (Cwlth). The article explains how these provisions curb freedom of speech and remove ASIO's activities from the domain of public scrutiny. It argues that by effectively criminalising open discussion of ASIO's activities the provisions insulate much of the domestic ‘war on terror’ from the public gaze. It also argues that the provisions implicitly sanction lawlessness by ASIO in open breach of the rule of law. By undermining free speech and the rule of law, this legislation increases the risk of torture of persons detained by ASIO. The legislation also exacerbates the punitiveness of such detention. Moreover, the secrecy offences will distort Australian politics by enabling the government to control and manipulate ‘security’ information. The article concludes that the increase in state secrecy and its impact are part of a continuing shift in the relative distribution of power between state and subject in liberal democracies; a shift that signals a move to more repressive or authoritarian forms of rule.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2FZFXWFN,2005-12-01,"Jude McCulloch, Joo-Cheong Tham",SAGE Publications Ltd,Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology,2024-01-16T21:15:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1375/acri.38.3.400,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2150158279,47.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2150158279,2012.0,2023.0,2005.0,,7.0 5987,Silent witness: Australian intelligence and East Timor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09512740010018552,"The events in East Timor leading up to and immediately following the vote for independence from Indonesia in September 1999, and the attendant breach in Australian-Indonesian relations, posed the greatest challenge to the Australian intelligence agencies and the national security policymaking organization in more than a quarter of a century. On the whole, the intelligence agencies performed very well, producing timely, accurate and informative reports, with the important exception being the under-estimation of the scale of the killings and forced deportations in the fortnight after 4 September, 1999. However, there were serious deficiencies in the national security policy-making organization, and elements of the intelligence community succumbed to political pressures when the Government found some of the intelligence about Indonesian involvement in planning and directing the violence to be unpalatable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DPKD4J5X,2001-01-01,Desmond Ball,Routledge,The Pacific Review,2024-01-16T21:14:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/09512740010018552,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2018845150,32.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2018845150,2012.0,2025.0,2001.0,,11.0 5988,State Security and Individual Security as Exemplified by the Recruitment of Secret Collaborators by the Polish Intelligence Service,Journal article,https://czasopisma.marszalek.com.pl/en/10-15804/ppsy/1134-ppsy-vol-51/ppsy-51-4/9562-ppsy202255,Polish Political Science Yearbook,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D2T5QF8J,2022-12-31,Remigiusz Rosicki,,Polish Political Science Yearbook,2024-01-16T20:44:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5989,"Penetrating Hitler’s High Command: Anglo-Polish HUMINT, 1939-1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344510382610,"Since the end of the Second World War, historians have assumed that the greatest secrets of the German war machine were divined through ‘signals intelligence’ (SIGINT), the decryption at Bletchley Park of the Wehrmacht’s enciphered messages, and not through ‘human intelligence’ (HUMINT) supplied by high-level agents situated at the very heart of Hitler’s high command. The discovery that Anglo-Polish intelligence possessed at least two penetration agents within the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht and Oberkommando des Heeres, ‘Warlock’ and ‘Knopf ’, not only challenges this idée fixe, but corrects the historical record by overturning sixty years’ worth of received wisdom on the subject. This study aims, therefore, to demonstrate that by means of high-grade HUMINT, Whitehall gained a unique entrée into German strategic and operational thinking during some of the most critical stages of the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U5TSILU7,2011-01-01,P.R.J. Winter,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-01-16T20:42:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1177/0968344510382610,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2170551863,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2170551863,2015.0,2015.0,2011.0,,4.0 5990,Jerzy Niezbrzycki (Ryszard Wraga) and the Polish Intelligence in the Soviet Union in the 1930s,Journal article,http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_32089_WBH_PHW_2021_4_278__0007,"Jerzy Niezbrzycki (born 1901/2 – died 1968) was a key figure in Polish intelligence circles during the Second Polish Republic. Initially serving in Kyiv (Kijów) from 1928 to 1929, he went on to lead the “East” section of the Second Department (Dwójka) of the Polish Army General Staff until 1939, which dealt with the Soviet Union. After WWII, he chose to stay abroad (in the United Kingdom, France, and the United States), where he continued to analyze Soviet affairs, publishing under the pen name of Ryszard Wraga. Later, Niezbrzycki began writing recollections of his life in English. His unfinished memoirs, now housed in New York’s Józef Piłsudski Institute of America, are reproduced partially in this essay. They have not been widely circulated or examined. The memoirs afford an interesting and unique insight into the anti-Soviet Polish Intelligence operatives who worked under tremendous constraints during the interwar period. Niezbrzycki’s memoirs also suggest that even after the infamous debacle of Operation “Trust” in 1927, some of the most experienced foreign intelligence operatives like Niezbrzycki were further misled by elaborate Soviet disinformation, as seen in the events leading up to the assassination of Sergei Kirov in December 1934 in Leningrad.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5TR5H4E,2021,Hiroaki Kuromiya,Wojskowe Biuro Historyczne,Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy,2024-01-16T20:36:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.32089/WBH.PHW.2021.4(278).0007,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4205180904,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 5991,The Background of the Opening of the Polish Intelligence Archives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2020.1839840,"In article, the author is focusing on presenting the process of declassifying and making available documents produced by the communist civilian intelligence services, as a result of which documents that had been inaccessible to journalists and scientists for years went into scientific circulation, significantly supplementing knowledge about the people, structures, and activities of these services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DZLEMLV6,2020-09-01,Rafał Leśkiewicz,Routledge,"The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs",2024-01-16T20:30:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/23800992.2020.1839840,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3093751513,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 5992,In Search of New Sources: Polish Diplomatic and Intelligence Reports on the Holodomor,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/holodomor-and-gorta-mor/in-search-of-new-sources-polish-diplomatic-and-intelligence-reports-on-the-holodomor/058F1526A4073C52FE1B248F23459D2E,"In recent years we have witnessed a crucial breakthrough in research into the Holodomor. Although many questions are still hotly debated, historians differ with regard to interpretations of the events rather than to the basic facts. A consensus on the list of the most important research areas is beginning to emerge. Undoubtedly, the opening of Soviet archives and the fast processing of new archival sources played a key role. Among them are recently declassified materials, for example documents issued by the Stalinist leadership, state and party administration or the secret services. Beyond that, accounts given by witnesses who went through the hell of the Holodomor have added significantly to the picture.Documents of foreign provenance which include mainly reports produced by the diplomatic, consular and intelligence services of those states which had missions in the territory of the Soviet Union during the 1930s have likewise contributed to our knowledge. Sources of that type appear to be of interest for at least two reasons. On the one hand, they disclose many previously unknown facts concerning the course of events in Ukraine in 1932–33 and supplement the picture created by the Soviet materials.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E9JN9QFA,2012,Jan Jacek Bruski,Anthem Press,,2024-01-16T20:27:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.7135/UPO9780857282231.012,"Holodomor and Gorta Mór: Histories, Memories and Representations of Famine in Ukraine and Ireland",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2282013324,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2282013324,2019.0,2023.0,2012.0,https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/72636,7.0 5993,US Intelligence Performance and US Policy during the Polish Crisis of 1980–81: Revelations from the Kukliński Files,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.559321,"Drawing on intelligence documents that were recently declassified, this article assesses the quality of US intelligence analysis during the 1980–81 Polish crisis and the impact of the intelligence analysis on US policy toward Poland and the Soviet Union. After discussing the value and limitations of the declassified materials, the article raises questions about US policy during the crisis and discusses how intelligence inputs helped to shape policy. The newly available documents confirm that the US intelligence community's analytical products were often deficient and that these shortcomings put a crimp on US policymakers' choices.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/REFD7H3X,2011-04-01,Mark Kramer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-16T20:27:23Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2011.559321,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026378432,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026378432,2019.0,2019.0,2011.0,,8.0 5994,"Secretive Spies or Ordinary Clerks? Polish Communist Intelligence Services in Brussels, 1975–89",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2015.1101301,"The declassification of communist state security archives allows for a comparison between the common imagination of intelligence during the Cold War and historical reality. This case study of the Polish secret services in Belgium between 1975 and 1989 shows that some views are accurate. Embassies were the headquarters of espionage activity and all residents — i.e. the coordinators of the ‘Belgian’ cell — and intelligence officers worked under diplomatic cover. Many other images, however, appear to be far from the truth. The Polish state security was not omnipresent and efficient. It failed to obtain relevant information, gathered everything that randomly fell into its hands, and mainly based its analyses on published sources. Nevertheless, its self-assessments of its activities and results are very positive. They demonstrate that this weakness was the norm rather than the exception.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VKUG3M4X,2015-09-02,Idesbald Goddeeris,Routledge,Dutch Crossing,2024-01-16T20:26:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/03096564.2015.1101301,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2223436641,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2223436641,2018.0,2018.0,2015.0,,3.0 5995,Polish military intelligence and its secret relationship with the Abu Nidal Organization,Book chapter,http://www.bloomsburycollections.com/collections/monograph-detail,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8P22A27,2021-01-01,Przemysław Gasztold,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-16T20:23:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,Terrorism in the Cold War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5996,On the border of war and peace: Polish intelligence and diplomacy in 1937-1939 and the origins of the Ultra secret,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WTQTGCIB,1979-01-01,Richard A. Woytak,distributed by Columbia University Press,,2024-01-16T20:20:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 5997,"British Intelligence and Turkish Arabia: Strategy, Diplomacy, and Empire, 1898-1918",Thesis,https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/32729,"This dissertation addresses early British intelligence activities and Anglo-Ottoman relations by viewing the activities of army officers and private individuals as a collective pursuit to safeguard British imperial interests. It offers a new understanding of the relationships between intelligence, grand strategy, and diplomacy before the Great War. It also examines the role that pre-1914 intelligence played in that conflict. The Boer War had shown that the geographic expanse of the British Empire was a source of strategic danger as well as a foundation of global power. The revelation of weakness propelled Britain to begin collecting intelligence on possible sources of conflict in preparation for the next war. A 1906 border incident between Egypt and Turkey marked turning points in Anglo-Ottoman relations and British intelligence efforts. Intelligence began to focus on railways that threatened Britain’s commercial position, on the disposition of Arab tribes who might revolt against Turkish authority, on the state of the Turkish army, and on the extent of European activity in Turkey. In 1914, British policy in the Middle East was unco-ordinated. Needing an effective means of combatting the Turco-German Jihad proclaimed in 1915, London created the Arab Bureau as an advisory organ based in Cairo. It became the central repository for much of the intelligence gathered before 1914. Officials in Cairo and London created new maps, compiled route reports, and assembled intelligence handbooks for distribution. Once the Arab Revolt began in 1916, intelligence helped marshal Britain’s resources effectively in pursuit of victory. Placing pre-1914 intelligence in the context of British imperial concerns extends our understanding of Anglo-Ottoman relations by considering strategic and diplomatic issues within a single frame. It demonstrates the influence of the Boer War in initiating intelligence-gathering missions in the Ottoman Empire, showing that even those undertaken before the establishment of a professional intelligence service in 1909, although lacking organization, were surprisingly modern, and ultimately successful. Analysis of under-utilized sources, such as the handbooks created by the Arab Bureau and the Royal Geographical Society, demonstrates the value of pre-war intelligence in detailed ways. It deepens understanding of the role British intelligence played in the defeat of the Ottoman Empire and shows how one nation’s intelligence, military, and diplomatic bodies operated separately and collectively in an era that presented them with unprecedented challenges and opportunities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JK6QRCKL,2012-08-21,Geoffrey Hamm,,,2024-01-16T20:12:39Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Toronto,,,,,,,,, 5998,"Harb-i Umûmî’de Osmanlı Devleti’nin İran Cephesi’nde yaşadığı bazı istihbarat zaafları [Some Intelligence Weakness of The Ottoman State Experienced at The World War I, The Iran Front]",Journal article,https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tariharastirmalari/issue/47749/603131,"Birinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarında İran, güneyden İngilizlerin, kuzeyden Rusların işgâline uğramıştır. İran devletinin içinde bulunduğu askerî, siyasî ve toplumsal vaziyet, bu işgâlin gerçekleşebilmesinin en önemli sebebidir. İran’ın işgâl edilmesi Osmanlı Devleti açısından büyük bir askerî tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu sebeple söz konusu dönemde Osmanlı Devleti, İran’la yakından ilgilenen bir siyaset izlemiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin İran’a yönelik bu siyaseti, sadece askerî kaygılardan ibaret olmamıştır. Halifeliğin nüfuzunu kullanarak önce İran’ın, sonra da İran üzerinden Afganistan ve Hindistan’ın savaşa katılması için çalışılmıştır. Ne var ki Almanların da büyük umutlarla desteklediği bu proje gerçekleşememiştir. Başarısızlığın arkasındaki en önemli sebep, yapılan planlarla eldeki mevcut imkânların dengesizliği olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Birinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarında müttefiki Almanya’nın da desteğiyle İttihâd-ı İslâm politikası takip etmeye çalışan Osmanlı Devleti’nin, İran coğrafyasında yaşadığı birtakım zaafları konu almaktadır",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y9GBMTRB,2013-05-01,Mustafa Arikan,Ankara Üniversitesi,Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi,2024-01-16T20:11:30Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1501/Tarar_0000000532,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2977869552,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2977869552,2025.0,2025.0,2013.0,https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/781222,12.0 5999,The British Ambassadors to Istanbul in the Mid-Nineteenth Century: Sources of Intelligence and Political Reporting,Journal article,https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/92/eng,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NCUTF35D,2009,Esin Yurdusev,Türk Tarih Kurumu,Belleten,2024-01-16T20:10:15Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.37879/belleten.2009.523,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2476031695,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2476031695,2014.0,2025.0,2009.0,https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ttkbelleten/issue/52588/692257,5.0 6000,Grand Ducal ambitions and Venetian counter-intelligence. The Tuscan failure in the 1607 attack on Cyprus.,Journal article,https://revistas.uam.es/historiaautonoma/article/view/12139,"In June 1607, a Tuscan fleet of about twenty ships and two thousand two hundred men attacked the fortress of Famagusta in Cyprus, with the aim of making it the base for the subsequent occupation of the whole island, which had been in Ottoman hands since 1570. The attack was a total failure: the Tuscan fleet, divided into two parts, did not meet as planned and the Greek inhabitants of the island, who according to Tuscan information should have rebelled, did not. Moreover, the Ottoman garrison was aware of the attack, which meant that the attempt at a surprise attack was in vain. It is clear that, excluding the logistical problem of the fleet meeting up, the enterprise’s lack of success was due to a total inadequacy of what we today would call “intelligence”. The information in Tuscans’ hands did not turn out to be completely correct and they were unable to keep the planned operation secret. However, by contrast, the Venetian intelligence was able to manage the information in its possession in a more cautious way, taking advantage of the situation effectively. Through this case study, the article aims to follow the scholarship on information-gathering in the Early Modern Mediterranean world, showing, once again, how important and extensive such networks were. The aim of this short study, which is based largely on archival documentation, is not to deal with the Tuscan raid on the island, but to identify the faults of the Tuscan “intelligence” that led to the misfortunate attack. Moreover, through the analysis of the documents, it is also possible to add some elements to the knowledge about the Tuscan Grand Duke’s Levantine network.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W73RHHCR,2021-03-31,Trentacoste Davide,,Revista Historia Autónoma,2024-01-16T20:00:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.15366/rha2021.18.003,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3149764776,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3149764776,2022.0,2023.0,2021.0,https://revistas.uam.es/historiaautonoma/article/download/12139/13425,1.0 6001,Looking at the French Revolution through Ottoman eyes: Ebubekir Ratib Efendi's observations,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/abs/looking-at-the-french-revolution-through-ottoman-eyes-ebubekir-ratib-efendis-observations/6BF2DDF900375FF595488ACC096A43CD,"Received wisdom has always held that the Ottomans took little interest in events beyond their borders except when they were likely to affect them. Previous scholars have suggested that it was only when French revolutionary forces occupied the Eastern Mediterranean that the Ottomans took an interest in and then condemned the revolution. From the despatches and reports of Ebubekir Ratib Efendi, ambassador to Vienna, we discover that at least one Ottoman diplomat was sending detailed accounts of events in Paris and the reactions of governments throughout Europe. Ratib Efendi's diplomatic activities would suggest that reforms were already taking place in 1793, at least in the field of gathering intelligence. This signals a fundamental change in the psyche of the Ottoman political order.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VDWZ4FPK,2007-06-01,Fatih Yeşil,Cambridge University Press,Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies,2024-01-16T19:55:41Z,"['8XA7D88D', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1017/S0041977X07000432,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2113630739,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2113630739,2013.0,2025.0,2007.0,,6.0 6002,Fukushima Yasumasa and Utsunomiya Tarō on the Edge of the Silk Road: Pan-Asian Visions and the Network of Military Intelligence from the Ottoman and Qajar Realms into Central Asia,Book chapter,https://brill.com/display/book/9789004274310/BP000013.xml,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YLX34VZM,2017-10-13,Selçuk Esenbel,Brill,,2024-01-16T19:54:10Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1163/9789004274310_006,Japan on the Silk Road,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2767023997,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2767023997,2022.0,2022.0,2017.0,,5.0 6003,Ottoman Intelligence Gathering during Napoleon’s Invasion of Egypt and Palestine,Book chapter,https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004262966/B9789004262966_006.xml,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q5A2WHLG,2014-01-01,Dror Zeʿevi,Brill,,2024-01-16T19:51:56Z,"['8XA7D88D', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1163/9789004262966_006,The Ottoman Middle East,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W816251663,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W816251663,2016.0,2025.0,2013.0,,3.0 6004,The efficacy of Ottoman counter-intelligence in the 16th century,Journal article,https://akjournals.com/view/journals/062/65/1/article-p1.xml,"This article examines the Ottoman counter-intelligence mechanism and the extent to which it succeeded in preventing enemy intelligence. In the 16th century, the length and the scope of both Ottoman-Habsburg and the Ottoman Safavid Rivalry convinced the Ottomans to establish an intelligence network that gathered information in a large geography. Nevertheless, in the war of information between the Ottomans and their rivals, the success of Ottoman information-gathering was intertwined with the efficiency of Ottoman counter-intelligence. In order to gain an advantage in “politics of information”, the Ottoman secret diplomacy successfully refused its enemies a comfort which it sought for itself: access to information about the adversary.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/734N76GD,2012-03-26,Emrah Safa Gürkan,Akadémiai Kiadó,Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,2024-01-16T19:50:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1556/aorient.65.2012.1.1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988670229,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988670229,2013.0,2026.0,2012.0,,1.0 6005,"Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: the major successes and failures, their causes and their effects",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/codebreaking-in-world-wars-i-and-ii-the-major-successes-and-failures-their-causes-and-their-effects/9FF73DF570B75C08DAB4978091110899,"The story of signals intelligence begins in the days of the pharaohs. A letter records the intention of a foreigner to determine the meaning of fires raised by the Egyptians. (No one knows if he succeeded.) Several centuries later, in 207 B.C., the Romans intercepted a letter from Hasdrubal to his brother Hannibal, further south in Italy. It enabled the Romans to concentrate their forces at the Metaurus River to defeat the Carthaginians. This was the only battle in Edward S. Creasy's The fifteen decisive battles of the world: from Marathon to Waterloo that depended upon intelligence for its victory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D59MXFH3,1980/09,David Kahn,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2024-01-16T19:46:51Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1017/S0018246X00024912,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2062601599,75.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2062601599,2012.0,2024.0,1980.0,,32.0 6006,Roman and Pontic Intelligence Strategies: Politics and War in the Time of Mithradates VI,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344513505528,"This paper deals with the political and military use of confidential information gathered on behalf of the Roman Republic and the kingdom of Pontus during the reign of King Mithradates VI (c.120–63 bc). Unlike the Roman Empire, when spies worked for well-organized intelligence agencies, in this period the available sources mention several other methods of gathering sensitive information which served such secretive purposes as well. This paper explores non-professional intelligence strategies employed in ancient politics and war at a time of extreme political and military turmoil.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/59FT8M44,2014-11-01,Toni Ñaco del Hoyo,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-01-16T19:45:53Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1177/0968344513505528,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2163382651,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2163382651,2020.0,2025.0,2014.0,,6.0 6007,Strategic intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/information-and-frontiers/strategic-intelligence/A36BAFD9FE6FF20D0ACA46B314B96CEE,"the concerns of this chapter may usefully be introduced by consideration of three episodes, each, as it happens, falling within a period of less than a decade during the middle of the fourth century and each recounted by the historian Ammianus Marcellinus.The first concerns the activities during the mid-350s of the praetorian prefect of the east, Strategius Musonianus. He is reported to have investigated Persian plans through the agency of spies (speculatores), from whom he and an associate learned (aperte cognossent) that the Persian king Shapur II was currently engaged in fierce fighting with hostile peoples on a distant frontier of his empire. On the basis of this information Musonianus initiated secret negotiations with a Persian official, in the hope that these difficulties would incline the Persians towards a formal peace settlement with the Romans and put an end to the costly but inconclusive warfare of the previous two decades (xvi.9.2-3).In the event, Musonianus' diplomatic initiative proved not only abortive, but positively counter-productive, leading on to the second episode. The Persians concluded from Musonianus' initiative that the Romans themselves were in difficulties, and since Shapur had been able, by early 358, to bring his own war to an end, he decided in turn to try to exploit Roman problems and sent envoys to demand territorial concessions as the price for peace.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JVCX89MG,1993,A. D. Lee,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-16T19:44:54Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1017/CBO9780511470622.012,Information and Frontiers: Roman Foreign Relations in Late Antiquity,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2914670491,86.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2914670491,2012.0,2023.0,1993.0,,19.0 6008,Exploratio: Military & Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Exploratio-Military--Political-Intelligence-in-the-Roman-World-from-the/Austin-Rankov/p/book/9780415183017,"Exploratio is the first ever survey of Roman military and civil intelligence. The authors examine in detail the operation and gradual development of Roman intelligence-gathering from shaky beginnings to a high level of excellence. They identify who gathered it, and for whom. This study shows the effects of intelligence on policy formation at various levels from the purely local through to the global. The consequences of various instances of the mishandling of information are uncovered. Austin and Rankov also demonstrate that intelligence gathering was not necessarily directed from Rome, but had for practical reasons to be carried out and processed on the frontiers themselves. Exploratio is important reading for all students and teachers of Roman history. It will also appeal to those with a general interest in military or diplomatic history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IHE9BTSZ,1996-01-01,"N. J. E. Austin, N. B. Rankov",Routledge,,2024-01-16T18:49:46Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6009,American Naval Intelligence of Japanese Submarine Operations Early in the Pacific War,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/1985747,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4CY3D5HG,1989,Carl Boyd,,The Journal of Military History,2024-01-16T13:45:35Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.2307/1985747,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2315012614,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2315012614,2012.0,2012.0,1989.0,,23.0 6010,Blind to the Sun: U.S. Intelligence Failures Before the War with Japan,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/713830379,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7659ZGBF,2003-01-01,RALPH LEE DEFALCO III,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-16T12:41:03Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/713830379,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045993069,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045993069,2015.0,2019.0,2003.0,,12.0 6011,"Gazing at the sun: The office of naval intelligence and Japanese naval innovation, 1918–1941",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432370,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YMJIL3ZB,1996-07-01,Thomas G. Mahnken,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-16T12:40:31Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529608432370,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2030790934,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2030790934,2018.0,2019.0,1996.0,,22.0 6012,“They Are Our Human Secret Weapons”: The Military Intelligence Service and the Role of Japanese‐Americans in the Pacific War and in the Occupation of Japan1,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00203.x,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EFIZMJYU,2008-03-01,Kelli Y. Nakamura,Routledge,The Historian,2024-01-16T12:39:53Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1111/j.1540-6563.2008.00203.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989280159,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989280159,2013.0,2021.0,2008.0,,5.0 6013,Assessing Reform of the Japanese Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1051453,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3MML9KEY,2015-10-02,Yoshiki Kobayashi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-16T12:39:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2015.1051453,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2244352420,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2244352420,2017.0,2023.0,2015.0,,2.0 6014,"US intelligence and the Japanese evacuation of Guadalcanal, 1943",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432300,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J6G9NGW2,1995-04-01,John Prados,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-16T12:34:44Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529508432300,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2160529450,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160529450,,,1995.0,, 6015,"Explaining the Absence of a Japanese Central Intelligence Agency: Alliance Politics, Sectionalism, and Antimilitarism",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-east-asian-studies/article/explaining-the-absence-of-a-japanese-central-intelligence-agency-alliance-politics-sectionalism-and-antimilitarism/479441EB1BAADDD785A7252E038285E2,"I examine a relatively underexplored aspect of Japan's early postwar history and seek to explain why attempts to establish a Japanese-style central intelligence agency (JCIA) in the 1950s were unsuccessful. I evaluate three competing explanations drawn from the level of international politics, focusing on US power resources and influence as well as liberal and constructivist styles of analysis—alliance politics, sectionalism, and the norm of antimilitarism—in order to shed light on the historical origins of Japan's intelligence apparatus, which is relatively underdeveloped and underfunded compared to other middle powers. It highlights the primacy of domestic factors over structural causes in explaining the decision not to establish a JCIA. In particular, I argue that the JCIA proposal failed primarily because of attacks on important proponents that, while sometimes driven by seemingly rational organizational interests, were nevertheless legitimated by growing antimilitaristic sentiments shared by elites from the political center to the left of the ideological spectrum. The newly emerging norm of antimilitarism was predicated largely on a fear of constraints on recently acquired civil and political liberties. These fears, manifested most prominently in vocal Diet and media opposition, were compounded by the norm of secrecy—an important element of intelligence activities—which served to heighten further speculation about the malign intent of postwar Japan's reconstituted intelligence system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ERFTFBW7,2013-04-01,Brad Williams,Cambridge University Press,Journal of East Asian Studies,2024-01-16T12:33:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1017/S1598240800008559,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1941311128,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1941311128,2016.0,2021.0,2013.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/479441EB1BAADDD785A7252E038285E2/S1598240800008559a.pdf/div-class-title-explaining-the-absence-of-a-japanese-central-intelligence-agency-alliance-politics-sectionalism-and-antimilitarism-div.pdf,3.0 6016,Nisei linguists: Japanese Americans in the Military Intelligence Service During World War II (Paperbound),Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YHdFDZwbnkkC,"""This book tells the story of an unusual group of American soldiers in World War II, second-generation Japanese Americans (Nisei) who served as interpreters and translators in the Military Intelligence Service.""--Preface.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IIKNCZ3J,2006,James C. McNaughton,Government Printing Office,,2024-01-16T12:28:17Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6017,"Strategic Culture, Intelligence Assessment, and the Conduct of the Pacific War: The British-Indian and Imperial Japanese Armies in Comparison, 1941-1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344507071041,"The article compares the intelligence efforts of the British-Indian and Imperial Japanese armies during the Second World War in the Asia-Pacific theatres. It illustrates how cultural factors enabled the British to establish a more efficient intelligence apparatus than their Japanese counterpart. Whereas the British viewed intelligence as a vital instrument for aiding their war effort, the Japanese tended to scorn its value. The good use of intelligence in turn enabled the British to use their scarce resources to defeat their opponents, whereas poor intelligence led the Japanese to squander their limited strengths.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UZK7AX9Z,2007-01-01,Douglas Ford,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-01-16T12:25:14Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1177/0968344507071041,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039154116,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2039154116,2018.0,2022.0,2006.0,,12.0 6018,In search of a suitable Japan: British naval intelligence in the pacific before the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431849,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EL93JZT8,1986-05-01,Wesley K. Wark,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-16T12:23:20Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684528608431849,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976170218,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976170218,2017.0,2019.0,1986.0,,31.0 6019,The North Korean factor in the improvement of Japanese intelligence capability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0551274042000261506,"When considered against the background of its economic and technological strength, Japan had maintained an anomalously moderate national intelligence capability throughout the Cold War period. However, Japan has been progressively getting out of this low-key stance in the area of national intelligence. This article argues that, among various international developments, the most obvious and immediate momentum for the improvement in Japan's national intelligence has come from a series of security events caused by North Korea, such as: the first and second nuclear crisis respectively in 1993–94 and 2002–present; the test-firing of the Nodong-1 ballistic missile in 1993 and the launching of the Taepodong-1 rocket in 1998; alleged spy ship incidents in 1999 and 2001; and the long suspected North Korean kidnapping of Japanese citizens and Pyongyang's admission to it in 2002. The article goes on to answer the following questions: how has Japan's national intelligence responded and what efforts has Japan made to upgrade intelligence capability in the face of North Korea-related security concerns? And what are the next steps Japan could take for progressive improvement of intelligence capability?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XSRGT9ZU,2004-01-01,Sung-jae Choi,Routledge,The Pacific Review,2024-01-16T12:21:48Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/0551274042000261506,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2005576355,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2005576355,2017.0,2017.0,2004.0,,13.0 6020,"Intelligence and the War against Japan: Britain, America and the Politics of Secret Service",Book,https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/history/twentieth-century-regional-history/intelligence-and-war-against-japan-britain-america-and-politics-secret-service,"Intelligence and the War against Japan offers a comprehensive scholarly history of the development of the British secret service and its relations with its American intelligence counterparts during the war against Japan. Richard J. Aldrich makes extensive use of recently declassified files in order to examine the politics of secret service during the Far Eastern War, analysing the development of organizations such as Bletchley Park, the Special Operations Executive and the Office of Strategic Services in Asia. He argues that, from the Battle of Midway in June 1942, the Allies focused increasingly on each other's future ambitions, rather than the common enemy. Central to this theme are Churchill, Roosevelt and their rivalry over the future of empire in Asia. Richard J. Aldrich's cogent, fluent analysis of the role of intelligence in Far Eastern developments is a thorough and penetrating account of this latter-day 'Great Game'.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7MWDFLCF,2000-04-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-16T10:02:26Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6021,Japanese Intelligence Systems,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948702200401,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V5DU7K8B,1987-10-01,Louis Allen,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-16T10:00:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1177/002200948702200401,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W207414897,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W207414897,2016.0,2024.0,1987.0,,29.0 6022,Intelligence gathering and Japan: The elusive role of grey intelligence,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850609108435167,"(1991). Intelligence gathering and Japan: The elusive role of grey intelligence. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 17-34.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BHPXUBYB,1991-1-1,"Jon Sigurdson, Patricia Nelson",Taylor and Francis,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-16T09:59:24Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850609108435167,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2014801056,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014801056,2024.0,2024.0,1991.0,,33.0 6023,Combined Fleet Decoded: The Secret History of American Intelligence and the Japanese Navy in World War II,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=aAhnAAAAMAAJ,"Combined Fleet Decoded offers a profoundly new perspective on the naval war in the Pacific during World War II, examining every aspect of the secret war of intelligence - from radio dispatches and espionage to vital information obtained from prisoners, document translation, and even deepsea divers' recoveries of critical material from wrecks at the bottom of the sea. John Prados's text covers both the Allies and the Japanese and relates the growing intelligence knowledge to the progress and outcome of Pacific naval actions. Combined Fleet Decoded also tells the stories of many of the key individuals whose personalities and conflicts shaped the secret intelligence war - including intelligence officers in the Imperial Japanese Navy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EPVI5FTC,1995,John Prados,Random House,,2024-01-16T09:55:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6024,"British Intelligence and the Japanese Challenge in Asia, 1914-41",Book,http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9780230287280,This is the first full-length study of the role played by British Intelligence in influencing policy towards Japan from the decline of the Alliance to the outbreak of the Pacific War. Using many previously classified records it describes how the image of Japan generated by Intelligence during this period led Britain to underestimate Japanese military capabilities in 1941. The book shows how this image was derived from a lack of adequate intelligence resources and racially driven assumptions about Japanese national characteristics.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLW3P93H,2002-07-16,Antony Best,Palgrave Macmillan,,2024-01-16T09:30:04Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1057/9780230287280,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059181683,26.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059181683,2012.0,2026.0,2002.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-0-230-28728-0%2F1.pdf,10.0 6025,"Misguided Intelligence: Japanese Military Intelligence Officers in the Manchurian Incident, September 1931",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/2944134,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5I3SM5I3,1994,James Weland,,The Journal of Military History,2024-01-16T08:56:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.2307/2944134,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2320567235,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2320567235,2019.0,2025.0,1994.0,,25.0 6026,Inventing terrorists: the nexus of intelligence and Islamophobia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2017.1351597,"The transatlantic Islamophobia industry, emboldened by US intelligence efforts to entrap Muslims, appears to have helped to increase permissible levels of Islamophobia across the US, as illustrated by the fiery anti-Muslim rhetoric during the 2016 presidential campaign. In this article, I first look at five key leaders of the Islamophobia industry who also claim to be “terrorism experts” and have links to US and Israeli intelligence. I then describe US law enforcement’s mass surveillance of Muslims and its invention of terrorists, including a map of the “successful terrorist prosecutions” claimed by the US Department of Justice, most of which were tried only as criminal cases. Finally, I explore in-depth the case against the Holy Land Foundation, a Muslim charity based in Texas that was run by Palestinian-Americans and targeted by both the state and the Islamophobia industry for its dubious links to “terrorism”, helping to legitimate the Bush W. Administration’s “War on Terror”. I argue that this nexus of intelligence and Islamophobia has empowered anti-Muslim voices that were formerly marginal.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5NLEJ4WX,2018-01-02,Sarah Marusek,Routledge,Critical Studies on Terrorism,2024-01-15T23:08:47Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/17539153.2017.1351597,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2737440434,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2737440434,2019.0,2024.0,2017.0,,2.0 6027,"Coalition Building, Cooperation, and Intelligence: The Case of Greece and Israel",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1621093,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2B5BAMBA,2019-10-02,"John M. Nomikos, A. Th. Symeonides",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T23:08:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1621093,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2964774269,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2964774269,2020.0,2020.0,2019.0,,1.0 6028,The Israeli Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=83519,"The Israeli Intelligence Community is made up of Aman (military intelligence), Mossad (overseas intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security). This analytical, theory-building article examines the Israeli Intelligence, the jurisdiction, organization and Departments from a different perspective, evaluating the culturally transmitted factors that influence political and military elites, security communities, and decision-makers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JANZCMQU,2018-03-05,Antonella Colonna Vilasi,Scientific Research Publishing,Sociology Mind,2024-01-15T23:07:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.4236/sm.2018.82009,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2795245136,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2795245136,2019.0,2025.0,2018.0,http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=83519,1.0 6029,"The Australia-Israel security relationship, oversight and the paradox of intelligence sharing",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2020.1769549,"While the Australia-Israeli relationship encompasses a cordial bilateral comradeship, it has not been without diplomatic skirmishes that have tested its reputation and strength. In particular, controversial intelligence liaisons coupled with recurring security-related scandals pose significant risks and challenges to Australian national interests. This article will explore the rationale, execution and hazards of the Australia-Israel intelligence relationship from an Australian perspective. When dealing with intelligence exchange across nations and information sharing with allies that might entail both formal and informal arrangements, it is argued that transparency and secrecy can co-exist when reconciled through robust, independent and well-resourced national oversight institutions. In an era of expanding globalisation of intelligence, targeted accountability advances that are adaptive to global trends may serve to mitigate the potential costs and downsides of transnational intelligence exchange while respecting the rights and liberties of citizens and ensuring that sovereignty, human rights standards and rule of law remain protected.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PHJ6TLDD,2020-09-02,"Daniel Baldino, Kate Grayson",Routledge,Australian Journal of International Affairs,2024-01-15T23:05:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/10357718.2020.1769549,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3028788739,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3028788739,2021.0,2023.0,2020.0,,1.0 6030,Collaboration Between Intelligence and Decisionmakers: The Israeli Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1466568,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3ZGVV23,2018-07-03,"Shay Hershkovitz, David Siman-Tov",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T23:04:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B4CCZ7Y8']",10.1080/08850607.2018.1466568,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2891367835,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2891367835,2021.0,2026.0,2018.0,,3.0 6031,Disregarding the Bear: How US Intelligence Failed to Estimate the Soviet Intervention in the Egyptian–Israeli War of Attrition 1,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390500393977,"This article analyzes the main factors that contributed to the failure of the US intelligence community to alert against Soviet intentions and the intervention in the Egyptian–Israeli War of Attrition in 1969–70. Based on fresh archival sources, this research describes the US intelligence conception concerning the USSR; explains the crystallization of the intelligence estimate on the probability of Soviet intervention in 1970; deals with the intelligence data that were acquired but eventually ignored; and concludes with several plausible explanations for the intelligence blunder.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T7DY6V44,2005-10-01,Dima P. Adamsky,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2024-01-15T21:01:11Z,['DHLN8GE4'],10.1080/01402390500393977,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982330221,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982330221,2016.0,2016.0,2005.0,,11.0 6032,Israeli military intelligence before the 1956 Sinai Campaign,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431931,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7M5NF8CA,1988-01-01,Raymond Cohen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-15T20:54:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684528808431931,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2071152794,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2071152794,2012.0,2018.0,1988.0,,24.0 6033,Intelligence and the peace process in Israel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432430,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHXFJK67,1997-07-01,Shlomo Gazit,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-15T20:52:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684529708432430,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2096684773,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2096684773,2021.0,2022.0,1997.0,,24.0 6034,Security and Intelligence Studies in Israel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2017.1336402,"Academic research on various aspects of national security and intelligence is flourishing in Israel, both by university scholars and at several leading research institutes. The official intelligence establishment has also launched interesting research initiatives in the field. In addition, study options in national security and intelligence have also expanded recently. This article seeks to portray a broad picture of both academic research and teaching in the fields of national security and intelligence in Israel, and to review the various aspects of the cooperation between the Israeli academia and the State’s security and intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KVN6B6NL,2017-05-04,Eyal Pascovich,Routledge,"The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs",2024-01-15T20:44:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/23800992.2017.1336402,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2736551553,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2736551553,2019.0,2021.0,2017.0,,2.0 6035,Human Rights Dilemmas in Using Informers to Combat Terrorism: The Israeli-Palestinian Case,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09546550490520709,"Using informers is a basic tool in preventing terror attacks and the nature of current terror threats makes it even more crucial. This use, however, often leads to human rights violations, both of the informers and by them, and to many problematic ethical questions. Drawing on the Israeli–Palestinian example—where a main strategy of Israeli intelligence activity in the Palestinian areas has been an extensive use of informers—this article presents the main human rights dilemmas in the field, divided into three stages: recruitment, operation and post-operation obligations, and also points to the possible counter-productive consequences of such a use.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W38FRA2G,2005-02-23,"Hillel Cohen, Ron Dudai",Routledge,Terrorism and Political Violence,2024-01-15T20:42:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/09546550490520709,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2163634304,58.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2163634304,2012.0,2023.0,2005.0,,7.0 6036,The causes and character of the Arab exodus from Palestine: the Israel defence forces intelligence branch analysis of June 1948,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00263208608700647,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FWB3XA46,1986-01-01,Benny Morris,Routledge,Middle Eastern Studies,2024-01-15T20:43:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/00263208608700647,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064669203,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064669203,2013.0,2022.0,1986.0,,27.0 6037,Intelligence Assessment Regarding Social Developments: The Israeli Experience,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.705625,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E9F6UKRD,2013-03-01,Eyal Pascovich,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T20:43:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2012.705625,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2092246624,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2092246624,2017.0,2023.0,2012.0,,5.0 6038,No Place to Hide: Intelligence and Civil Liberties in Israel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570601003361,"In its quest for security and under constant threats, the Israeli state has assigned wide-ranging powers to its intelligence services. These powers include deep incursions into individual liberties and privacy, powers of detention and interrogation, as well as involvement in assassinations. To ensure that those powers are only used legally and against real threats, a system of legal controls and parliamentary oversight over the intelligence community has developed incrementally. The article examines the development of intelligence oversight in Israel and analyses its performance and limits. The article begins by examining historical milestones in the development of intelligence oversight, including the Tubianski affair, official assassinations and ‘Committee-X’, and the ‘Bus 300’ affair. It then analyses the 2002 General Security Service Law and the work of the Intelligence Community Disciplinary Court and the Knesset Intelligence Sub-committee. The roles of Commissions of Inquiry and of the State Comptroller are discussed against the background of various intelligence failures and scandals. The article concludes with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of intelligence oversight in Israel.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/55F9C6BJ,2006-12-01,Shlomo Shpiro,Routledge,Cambridge Review of International Affairs,2024-01-15T20:42:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/09557570601003361,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2057692711,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057692711,2013.0,2024.0,2006.0,,7.0 6039,"‘Intelligence’ and ‘stupidity’ reconsidered: Estimation and decision in Israel, 1973",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402398008437044,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6K32ERNQ,1980-09-01,Janice Gross Stein,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2024-01-15T20:38:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/01402398008437044,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086173153,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086173153,2013.0,2025.0,1980.0,,33.0 6040,Failures in National Intelligence Estimates: The Case of the Yom Kippur War,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/failures-in-national-intelligence-estimates-the-case-of-the-yom-kippur-war/97471EDD1D69BC91747D87605DE1D6C0,"The principal question which this article seeks to answer is: Why was the intention of the Arabs to launch the Yom Kippur War misperceived despite the fact that Israeli Intelligence had ample and accurate information on enemy moves and dispositions? In this anatomy of the Israeli intelligence failure, extensive use is made of the report of the official commission of inquiry that investigated the events leading up to the war. The article is equally concerned with the phenomenon of strategic surprise in general, and this case study is used to explore the psychological and organizational roots of intelligence failures. Some safeguards and institutional reforms for reducing the frequency of failure are examined. However, there is no suggestion that surprise can ever be eliminated altogether. In conclusion a case is made for developing a theory of intelligence through case studies and systematic research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PXJVXN4S,1976-04-01,Avi Shlaim,Cambridge University Press,World Politics,2024-01-15T20:37:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.2307/2009975,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085442327,105.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085442327,2012.0,2025.0,1976.0,,36.0 6041,Mixed Signals: Assessing Japan’s Prospects to Join the Five Eyes Intelligence Alliance,Blog post,https://www.leidensecurityandglobalaffairs.nl/articles/mixed-signals-assessing-japans-prospects-to-join-the-five-eyes-intelligence-alliance,"Based on a forthcoming journal article, we examine the considerations in play for prospective Japanese membership of the ‘Five Eyes’ signals intelligence alliance, the barriers to entry for third-parties, and the idea and reality of the alliance in international politics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/98TPKB8Y,2021-09-27,Thomas J. Maguire,,,2024-01-15T19:51:17Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6042,Perceptions and Misperceptions: Influences on Israeli Intelligence Estimates During the 1982 Lebanon War,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/4529,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/753ZBP5W,1996-03-01,Kristen E. Schulze,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2024-01-15T19:45:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L', 'DHLN8GE4']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6043,Israeli Intelligence and the Czech–Egyptian Arms Deal,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.668074,"This article uses records, recently made available, to shed new light on the way Israeli intelligence evaluated and interpreted the political and military implications of the Czech–Egyptian arms deal (1955). The evidence suggests that the intelligence services did not have the capabilities to cope with such an event. For the first two months following public exposure of the deal, intelligence was not able to present a coherent and evidence-based description regarding the extent of the deal and its implications. Subsequently, their assessment of the deal's implications evolved from gloomy and anxious to calm and reassuring. Causes of the intelligence service's difficulties in evaluating the situation's effects and the role of their assessment in shaping Israeli policy are discussed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V46Z8U85,2012-06-01,Ohad Leslau,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-15T19:41:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2012.668074,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2020042178,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2020042178,2022.0,2022.0,2012.0,,10.0 6044,Misuse of power in Israeli intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2013.863081,"One of the relatively minor security organizations in the Israeli Ministry of Defence, the MALMAB – tasked with protecting Israel's well-known policy of nuclear ambiguity – has gone beyond the usual criminal process established by the rule of law to the grey area of interrogating and even harassing people who seemed to not abide by its strict policies, thus highlighting the tension between legal rules and non-legal sanctions exercised in the name of national security. This article analyses three different cases connected to the issue of nuclear ambiguity, while aiming to debate the sensitive issue, prominent in every democracy, of the limits and balance of security versus democracy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4K45LVZ,2014-01-02,"Ephraim Kahana, Daphna Sharfman",Routledge,Israel Affairs,2024-01-15T19:40:50Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/13537121.2013.863081,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2037591283,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2037591283,2017.0,2017.0,2014.0,,3.0 6045,‘A reach greater than the grasp’: Israeli intelligence and the conflict in south Lebanon 1990–2000,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306190,"This article examines the way in which intelligence was used by Israel in its war against Hizb'allah in south Lebanon. By using ideas drawn from the literature on strategic culture, it argues that in trying to replicate methods used in countering Palestinian insurgents, Israel's intelligence agencies failed to appreciate fully the finite political aims of Hizb'allah's guerrilla struggle. As such, the paucity in Israel's collective intelligence effort allowed operatives of Hizb'allah's military wing, al-Muqawama, to score notable intelligence triumphs over Israel, triumphs that did much force the IDF into a unilateral withdrawal from south Lebanon in May 2000.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8JELEIE,2001-09-01,Clive Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-15T19:36:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684520412331306190,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976787663,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976787663,2017.0,2023.0,2001.0,https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1467234,16.0 6046,The origins of Israeli intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431920,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MG7H9FS3,1987-10-01,Ian Black,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-15T19:36:03Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684528708431920,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2087987113,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2087987113,2015.0,2021.0,1987.0,,28.0 6047,"Israeli intelligence: Tactics, strategy, and prediction",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850608808435067,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QJCGEPZY,1988-09-01,Gideon Doron,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T19:26:19Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850608808435067,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080302845,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080302845,2014.0,2024.0,1988.0,,26.0 6048,"""One Size Fits All"": Israel, Intelligence, and the al-Aqsa Intifada",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100390209313,"While the world remains familiar with the ever present visual images of the ongoing violence between Israel and the Palestinians, relatively little attention has been paid to the manner in which intelligence has been used by Israel in its attempts to curb what it regards as Palestinian terrorism. This article looks at the way in which tactical or operational intelligence has come to be used by both the Israel Defence Forces and the political leadership to inform strategic choice, a position that favors a military rather than political solution to the ongoing violence. It examines closely the reasons for the emergence of this ""attitudinal prism"" and concludes with a prescriptive call for the hitherto moribund National Security Council to be put on a statutory civilian footing if more balanced and coherent assessments regarding the nature and scope of Palestinian violence are to be reached.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HXFW6VU7,2003-07-01,Clive Jones,Routledge,Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,2024-01-15T19:25:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/10576100390209313,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033872854,13.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033872854,2012.0,2025.0,2003.0,https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1444755,9.0 6049,The Israeli Intelligence Community and the Media,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2009.10555163,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5UVJ4PVE,2009-06-01,Miri Eisin,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-01-15T19:23:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2009.10555163,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2766332219,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2766332219,2014.0,2023.0,2009.0,,5.0 6050,The Yom Kippur War: The Successes of Israeli Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1022470,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7CJ4P7R5,2015-10-02,"Khalid Sindawi, Ephraim Kahana",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T19:21:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/08850607.2015.1022470,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1647951167,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1647951167,2016.0,2025.0,2015.0,,1.0 6051,Israeli Intelligence and al-Qaeda,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.652527,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YJ8RKNL3,2012-03-01,Shlomo Shpiro,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T19:16:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2012.652527,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969511292,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969511292,2020.0,2020.0,2012.0,,8.0 6052,Manipulation through Online Sexual Behavior: Exemplifying the Importance of Human Factor in Intelligence and Counterintelligence in the Big Data Era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2019.1649122,"As we spend more and more time online, Internet-based virtual spaces are becoming a central component of our daily life and activities. This shift of human activities from offline to online spaces has major impacts for national security. Consequently, cyberspace became a new field of operation for intelligence and counter-intelligence services worldwide. While massive efforts are made to further strategies based on surveys and analyses of large datasets, cybersecurity protocols can be impacted tremendously by individual behaviors. This is particularly the case of online sexual behavior, which can be easily manipulated by malevolent agents. This paper will describe some of the general characteristics of sexual cyberbehaviors. We will then identify some of the main threats related to sexual cyberbehavior (specifically risks of blackmailing, risks associated with the use of online dating sites, and risks associated with the consumption of online pornography), as well as the main targets in terms of population from an intelligence/counter-intelligence perspective. Finally, we will propose some possible counter-measures, that could be implemented to reduce the security risks related to online sexual behavior.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M3LYZAU8,2019-05-04,Matthieu J. Guitton,Routledge,"The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs",2024-01-15T18:57:56Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/23800992.2019.1649122,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2967756907,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2967756907,2019.0,2025.0,2019.0,,0.0 6053,Historical Dictionary of Cold War Counterintelligence,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810857704/Historical-Dictionary-of-Cold-War-Counterintelligence,"The defection of Igor Gouzenko in September 1945, more so than any other single event, alerted the West to the nature and scale of the Soviet espionage offensive being waged by the Kremlin. Apart from the dozen or so defendants convicted of spying, Gouzenko wrecked an organization that had taken years to develop, exposed the penetration of the Manhattan atomic weapons project, and demonstrated the very close relationship between the Canadian Communist Party and Moscow. Many credit this event as sparking the bitter but secretive struggle fought between the intelligence agencies of the East and West for nearly half a century. The Historical Dictionary of Cold War Counterintelligence tells the story of both sides' fierce efforts to penetrate and subvert the opponent while desperately trying to avoid a similar fate. Through a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on the organizations, operations, events, and personalities that influenced counterintelligence during the Cold War, the world of double agents, spies, and moles is explained in the most comprehensive reference currently available.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NSHWHQMN,2007-01-01,Nigel West,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-15T18:57:02Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6054,Swiss Counterintelligence and Chinese Espionage during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00949,"This article discusses Swiss counterintelligence measures against Chinese espionage during the Cold War, focusing on the problems the Swiss Federal Police encountered when trying to uncover and eliminate the national and transnational intelligence networks the PRC operated from Switzerland in the 1950s and 1960s. Using newly declassified Swiss Federal Police files, the article details the Swiss federal counterintelligence system as well as the Federal Police filing system, showing the effects this had on the surveillance and investigation of Chinese officials and their contacts in Switzerland and abroad. It also describes Swiss Federal Police methods for identifying intelligence agents among the Chinese diplomatic staff, as well as the problems encountered with wiretapping and surveillance by car. Finally, the article details the Federal Police's cooperation with other countries in investigating China's international espionage networks and trade in embargoed goods.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/459ZAP6X,2020-08-01,Ariane Knüsel,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2024-01-15T18:55:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1162/jcws_a_00949,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3049379152,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3049379152,2023.0,2023.0,2020.0,https://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-pdf/22/3/4/1860587/jcws_a_00949.pdf,3.0 6055,The Role of Counterintelligence in the European Theater of Operations During World War II,Thesis,https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA272733,"This study is an historical analysis of the US Army counterintelligence in the European Theater of Operations ETO during World War II. The study reviews the organization, doctrine, mission, and equipment of counterintelligence units to determine their impact on operations in the ETO, Germany. This study also reviews the same topics for counterintelligence operations prior to World War II to determine significant changes that may have affected operations in World War II. The study concludes that the decision to place counterintelligence assets with combat units from the division to theater level was the most significant decision of the war for US Army counterintelligence. The lack of a coherent doctrine, organization, and training program significantly reduced the ability of the Counter Intelligence Corps CIC to contribute to the war effort in the ETO prior to 1943. As the result of wartime experience and doctrine developed in 1943, the CIC became proactive, making significant contributions to counter the German Intelligence Service at both the operational and tactical levels. Based on these lesson learned, the study makes recommendations for the future of counterintelligence in the US Army as the 21st century approaches. US Army Counterintelligence, Counter Intelligence Corps, Intelligence in the European Theater of Operations, Corps of Intelligence Police.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6ZINJHBU,1993-06-04,William B. Dallas,,,2024-01-15T18:53:51Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Master's Thesis,Western Maryland College,,,,,,,,, 6056,What the Spiders Did: U.S. and Soviet Counterintelligence before the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2009.11.3.206,"Counterintelligence history has too often relied on a “wilderness of mirrors” trope, which suggests that the discipline is driven by personalities and self-delusion. Using the newly available Vassiliev notebooks and other sources, this article takes a closer look at the historical evolution of U.S. and Soviet counterintelligence as they developed and changed tactics in response to a changing world and the evolving actions of their opponents. Although blind at times to one another, they moved—especially on the American side—toward greater clarity of the opponent and a more complex approach to counterintelligence, driven by real-world experience and a growing knowledge of the threat posed by the other side.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6HE26TAN,2009-07-01,"John F., Jr. Fox",,Journal of Cold War Studies,2024-01-15T18:51:55Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1162/jcws.2009.11.3.206,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044492428,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044492428,,,2009.0,, 6057,Contracting for Counterintelligence: the KGB and Soviet Informers of the 1960s and 1970s,Preprint,https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3381522,"The informer network was a part of the human capital of the communist police state, which had the property of dissolving the freestanding social capital of ordinary citizens. How was it built, and what was the agency of the informers in the process? A few documents from the archives of the Soviet security police allow us to see good practices as the KGB saw them. They show some of the routes by which informers came to the attention of the KGB, their varied motivations, and their social and psychological strengths and weaknesses. The pivot of the process was a contract for counter-intelligence services. The contract itself was partly written, partly verbal or implied, and highly incomplete. Before the contract, searching and due diligence were required to identify potential recruits. After the contract, to turn a recruit into a productive informer involved a further period of training and monitoring, often extending to renegotiation and further investments by both sides in the capabilities of the informer and the relationship of trust with the handler. Trust and deception were two sides of the informer’s coin.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VQJU3QPI,2019-05-01,Mark Harrison,,,2024-01-15T18:51:21Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.2139/ssrn.3381522,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2946647648,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2946647648,2022.0,2025.0,2019.0,https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3381522,3.0 6058,"The Labyrinth: Memoirs of Walter Schellenberg, Hitler's Chief of Counterintelligence",Book,,"A chilling memoir by the head of Hitlers Foreign Intelligence Servicethe only SS-man to describe the inner workings of the Nazi bureaucracy.. This unique account of Hitlers corrupt regime illuminates more vividly than any other the deepening atmosphere of terror and unreality in which the Nazi leadership lived as the war progressed. Schellenberg recounts with firsthand knowledge the motivations and machinations surrounding the Nazi Armys every move in Poland, Austria, and Russia. But this remarkable inside account is perhaps most memorable for its riveting portraits of Reinhard Heydrich, Heinrich Himmler, Heinrich Mueller, Ernst Kaltenbrunnermen whom Schellenberg calls, with stunning lack of irony, Hitlers willing executioners.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FR7Q6MG7,1999-12-17,Walter Schellenberg,Da Capo Press Inc,,2024-01-15T18:49:55Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6059,Spies who might have been: Canada and the myth of cold war counterintelligence∗,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432447,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZC59M49I,1997-10-01,Reg Whitaker,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-15T18:46:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684529708432447,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2017884785,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2017884785,,,1997.0,, 6060,Terrorism and Counterintelligence: How Terrorist Groups Elude Detection,Book,https://cup.columbia.edu/book/terrorism-and-counterintelligence/9780231158763,"Protecting information, identifying undercover agents, and operating clandestinely—efforts known as counterintelligence—are the primary objectives of terrorist groups evading detection by intelligence and law enforcement officials. Some strategies work well, some fail, and those tasked with tracking these groups are deeply invested in the difference.Discussing the challenges terrorist groups face as they multiply and plot international attacks, while at the same time providing a framework for decoding the strengths and weaknesses of their counterintelligence, Blake W. Mobley provides an indispensable text for the intelligence, military, homeland security, and law enforcement fields. He outlines concrete steps for improving the monitoring, disruption, and elimination of terrorist cells, primarily by exploiting their mistakes in counterintelligence. A key component of Mobley's approach is to identify and keep close watch on areas that often exhibit weakness. While some counterintelligence pathologies occur more frequently among certain terrorist groups, destructive bureaucratic tendencies, such as mistrust and paranoia, pervade all organizations. Through detailed case studies, Mobley shows how to recognize and capitalize on these shortcomings within a group's organizational structure, popular support, and controlled territory, and he describes the tradeoffs terrorist leaders make to maintain cohesion and power. He ultimately shows that no group can achieve perfect secrecy while functioning effectively and that every adaptation or new advantage supposedly attained by these groups also produces new vulnerabilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HCWWF458,2012-08-01,Blake W. Mobley,Columbia University Press,,2024-01-12T13:03:13Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6061,The Future of the Intelligence Community,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-18/future-intelligence-community-bruce-watson,"In his analysis of the British Admiralty, Parkinson observed that in peacetime, the Navy's operational forces were curtailed, while its staff grew enormously. The US military intelligence community certainly conforms to the bureaucratic trend. The field of signals intelligence will continue to enjoy a significant share of US military intelligence funds as advances in electronics dictate that more advanced collection systems be developed to insure adequate access to intelligence information. The greatest advances have appeared in processing scientific and technical information, current intelligence information, and maintaining a basic intelligence data base. The field of signals intelligence will continue to enjoy a significant share of US military intelligence funds as advances in electronics dictate that more advanced collection systems be developed to insure adequate access to intelligence information. Likewise, the conflict between intelligence and the news media is an enduring one because of their conflict of purposes-the media seeks free access to information, while the community seeks to safeguard its secrets.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/798BFWS5,1986,Bruce W. Watson,Routledge,,2024-01-15T18:43:11Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6062,Congressional Oversight: Form and Substance,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-17/congressional-oversight-form-substance-gary-schmitt,"Most studies of Congress, congressional committees and the oversight process have until been based on ""interest group"" theories. According to these theories, the essential function of Congress and its parts is to facilitate the process by which various interests are aggregated and adjusted. By the end of the 1970s, events in Iran and Afghanistan had altered the climate in which intelligence and national security matters in general were discussed. Congress reflected that changed consensus and amended Hughes-Ryan. The oversight act was far different from the National Intelligence Act introduced by members of the Senate Intelligence Committee only eight months earlier. In each house of Congress, both the Armed Services and the Defense Subcommittee of the Appropriations Committees were charged with monitoring the intelligence community. The reforms that became law were meant to ensure-for safety's sake-that the American intelligence community in the future would operate within an existing consensus of public opinion about foreign affairs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LDGCRSFT,1986,Gary J. Schmitt,Routledge,,2024-01-15T18:42:43Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6063,The Intelligence Community and the News Media,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-16/intelligence-community-news-media-george-quester,"The relationship of the US news media and the intelligence community is beset with Inherent contradictions. As the uncovering of Information often paradoxically depends upon some prior concealment of information, the two can be seen as natural enemies, inherently working to frustrate the other's activities. Many Americans might assume initially that intelligence and press activities are entirely different. Problem is that the intelligence community and the news media are burdened by biases in their gathering of information. Problem shared by both the US news media and intelligence community is that both are regularly accused of being too salient and too powerful. There are several obvious ways in which the electronic media are different from the print media. Given the less abstemious attitudes of foreign governments on possible manipulations of their own press media, one should hardly sink into depression on the basis of foreign accusations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZNLQ3IRH,1986,George H. Quester,Routledge,,2024-01-15T18:42:02Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6064,Law and Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-15/law-intelligence-morton-halperin,"The US intelligence community functions under laws and regulations which limit what it can do and which mandate a set of procedures for carrying out various functions. The military services carried on intelligence activities related to combat requirements and the Federal Bureau of Investigation conducted some investigations that would be considered ""intelligence activity,"" but there was no central intelligence unit and no organized intelligence community. The unchallenged record makes it clear that the intelligence agencies did engage in a number of activities which clearly violated the Constitution and the laws of the land. In developing the rules which affect surveillance of Americans, intelligence agency officials divide their requirements into several categories related to the status of the person brought under surveillance. In 1980 Congress revised the system for its oversight of covert operations as part of a set of procedures for general congressional review of intelligence community activity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BSKFCBYD,1986,Morton H. Halperin,Routledge,,2024-01-15T18:41:32Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6065,Ethics and Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-14/ethics-intelligence-malcolm-wallop,"This chapter offers a few reflections on the ethical considerations applicable to the profession as a whole. Since the mid-1970s the profession has been awash with rules and procedures Instituted in the name of ethics, the least breach of which can cost a man his career. Counterintelligence officers must also face more mundane ethical choices. The intelligence officer's job is to assist the United States by learning the truth and communicating it accurately to his superiors. Intelligence consists of four disparate disciplines: collection; counterintelligence; covert action; and analysis. A moment's reflection is enough to realize that intelligence is but one of many tasks in society which equip their practitioners with dangerous combinations of skills and chances to misuse them. That argument concludes that the logical path out of a double moral standard leads to amorality, and that American intelligence officers took that path.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3JSQRPZQ,1986,Malcolm Wallop,Routledge,,2024-01-15T18:40:22Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6066,Basic Communications Skills for the Intelligence Analyst,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-13/basic-communications-skills-intelligence-analyst-gerald-hopple,"This chapter focuses on the general communications process. As a mechanism for analysis in general and for planning and structuring the presentation and communication of intelligence specifically, group problem solving is not always better than individual problem solving. Group problem solving improves the communication of intelligence findings and products. The chapter highlights several areas of communications, especially in relation to the users or consumers of finished intelligence. The principles of groupthink and the characteristics of decisions without groupthink have clear relevance to intelligence group problem solving. Groups-primarily in the form of small working groups rather than large, institutionalized groups-are used throughout the intelligence community. The ability to communicate clearly, effectively, and with empathy is essential to the intelligence analyst. The type of consumer who is the target of a product or briefing is relevant; the contrast between intelligence which goes to other experts and the kind which goes to a very high level policymaker is particularly striking.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NPILMX6D,1986,Gerald W. Hopple,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:59:40Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6067,Principles of Warning Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-11/principles-warning-intelligence-timothy-laur,"This chapter discusses the multidisciplinary nature of warning. It addresses the warning process in terms of its concepts, systems, and analytical techniques. Indications and warning (I&W), or, simply warning intelligence, is an interdisciplinary field comprised of several types of intelligence and academic disciplines. In the intelligence arena, I&W includes current, estimative, scientific and technological, and other types of intelligence. The management responsibility for the System rests with the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the Director, DIA is the system's supervisor. Warning intelligence is different from estimative intelligence in that the latter is designed for long-term assessments of foreign activities that are of interest to US policymakers. The fundamental difference between the warning analyst and others in intelligence is the requirement to discern the intentions of others, whether the others are presidents, prime ministers, terrorists, or guerrilla leaders. Naturally, the flow of sufficient information is necessary for the analyst to formulate a warning.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UEI9KFJN,1986,Timothy M. Laur,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:57:59Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6068,Scientific and Technical Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-10/scientific-technical-intelligence-bernard-grundy,"Scientific and technical intelligence plays a key role in national security by providing critical information to national-and department-level policy officials and planners, military research and development organizations, and operational military units. The analysis and production efforts of these organizations are conducted within the general framework of a production management system established and operated by the Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence of Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) in coordination with the military departments. DIA is responsible to the Secretary of Defense for managing this production program and, although not in the command authority line, executes this responsibility through that chain of command. The basis of the production program, and foundation for the governing management system, is a set of specific ""primary"" production responsibilities unique to each production organization. The DIA scientists and engineers who function as technical managers of the production effort are also actively involved in the scientific and technical intelligence planning, programming, and budgeting process.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ESQ9UMW2,1986,Bernard J. Grundy,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:57:29Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6069,Estimative Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-9/estimative-intelligence-paul-holman,"A professional Intelligence officer as retired Air Force Major General George Keegan asserts that, ""the real problem of national security has involved the serious errors, not of the so-called clandestine warriors, but of the professional estimators."" Many-perhaps the majority of the really controversial ones-occur in response to specific crises or changes in the international situation. A handful take place because of a nagging sensation somewhere in the intelligence community that an issue or problem of long-term importance has not received the attention it deserves. In general, estimators tend to be higher ranking than other types of intelligence officers. Estimators believe that split opinions among agencies arise all too frequently from excessive insistence on narrow aspects of broad issues. Under normal circumstances, the Military Intelligence Board is the estimator's last chance to put the military house in order and prepare appropriate positions for the National Foreign Intelligence Board.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QRBG85VJ,1986,G. Paul Holman,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:56:50Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6070,Current Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-8/current-intelligence-luther-johnson,"This chapter discusses the interaction between the current intelligence analyst and personnel outside the office, as it were, upon in relation to the accuracy and objectivity of the research product. To assess and describe the intelligence officer's position and expected contribution, it is probably more useful to look at his or her job from the point of view of the well-known intelligence process or cycle. As the current intelligence analyst becomes accustomed to a new assignment, the analytical techniques and suggestions will become second nature. Intelligence analysts are often accused of amassing enormous amounts of information in their files, and occasionally, to their utter dismay, information handling specialists may become involved in suggesting streamlining procedures. The impact of group efforts in achieving positive results has been discussed in academe, and the new intelligence analyst will benefit from a study of them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4YM25G84,1986,E. Luther Johnson,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:56:21Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6071,Basic Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-7/basic-intelligence-stephen-andriole,"This chapter looks at the nature and purpose of basic Intelligence. It discusses such intelligence within a matrix of the components and forms of strategic intelligence. The chapter presents some examples of basic military intelligence, a discussion of the methods available to the basic intelligence analyst, some case studies, and some thoughts about the larger role of military intelligence analysis in the national security process. The differences between strategic and tactical intelligence thus reduce to differences in the perspective of the individual commander, analyst, or decision-maker faced with a specific problem. Armed forces or military intelligence focuses on foreign military forces, orders of battle, equipment, combat effectiveness, combat readiness, and doctrine, among other related aspects of foreign military capabilities. When an intelligence analyst is tasked to estimate the military capabilities of the Soviet Union at the turn of the century, he invariably relies upon a good deal of economic and scientific and technical intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6HAUJ3BM,1986,Stephen J. Andriole,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:55:46Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6072,Imagery Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-5/imagery-intelligence-stephen-beitler,"This chapter considers imagery intelligence. Permanent record imagery is intelligence from inaccessible areas which can be studied, compared with previous imagery, and restudied. Remote sensing products include intelligence on the disposition, composition, and movement of enemy forces, enemy installations, lines of communications, and electromagnetic emitters based upon the supported unit's essential elements of information. After completing the mission, the pilot debriefs and the imagery is processed and analyzed in the air force's processing and interpretation system, the mobile army ground imagery interpretation center, or the marine air-ground intelligence system. The major post-Korean remote sensing development was the first U-2 flight across Soviet airpace on July 4, 1956. The mission of the 23rd Special Warfare Aviation Detachment's Mohawks was to support the Republic of Vietnam Army with observation and remote sensing. The SR-71A Blackbird, which served over Vietnam, was also developed by Lockheed as a long-range, advanced, strategic remote sensing aircraft, and is America's primary strategic remote sensing aircraft.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QL65ENJM,1986,Stephen S. Beitler,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:54:43Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6073,Human Source Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-4/human-source-intelligence-jack-thomas,"This chapter deals with the collection of the human source intelligence. The thoroughness of Germany's intelligence-gathering capabilities stood that country in good stead in World War I. The intelligence organization conducts its clandestine field operations through the use of ""case officers,"" professionals who are responsible for directing and handling ""agents."" The United States Diplomatic Mission in each country is responsible for procuring any publicly available documents, maps, or publications which are needed by the intelligence community. The Central Intelligence Agency has the primary responsibility for collecting foreign intelligence by clandestine human sources. The activities of military, naval, and air attaches provide a geographically extensive opportunity for overtly acquiring human intelligence (HUMINT) of military importance. In the United States Government they function as a jointly-manned Defense Attache System. The Federal Bureau of Investigation is a law enforcement organization, but it also has important HUMINT functions since it is largely responsible for conducting counterintelligence activities within the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EL6MDZYN,1986,Jack E. Thomas,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:54:16Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6074,Signals Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-3/signals-intelligence-david-christianson,"This chapter provides a general description of Signals Intelligence collection and the role it plays in the intelligence production cycle. It discusses the various types of communications intelligence collection. Modern technology has brought many benefits, including facsimile communications and mutichannel communications. The major problem with multichannel communications intelligence collection is separating the individual components of the host of signals transmitted simultaneously. In the performance of the Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) function, the source of the signal can be located by direction finding. ELINT collection and processing can provide an Electronic Order of Battle as well as a technical data base of information which can be used in creating an electronic warfare capability. Although Foreign Instrumentation Signals Intelligence (FISINT) is concerned with a multitude of systems operations and development, perhaps the best and most significant subcategory of FISINT is telemetry intelligence (TELINT). TELINT concerns that technical and intelligence information derived from the intercept processing and analysis of foreign telemetry.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F87UXHNG,1986,David L. Christianson,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:53:33Z,['T92JK7A5'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6075,The Defense Intelligence Community,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-2/defense-intelligence-community-thompson-strong,"The service intelligence agencies respond, in an autonomous manner, to the requirements of their intelligence chiefs, the Unified and Specified Commanders, and to field or operating commanders. Accomplishing the myriad missions necessary to meet the demands placed on the military intelligence community by its consumers obviously demands a sizeable investment in organization, manpower and money. As the ultimate arbiter and decisionmaker on service and other departmental intelligence budgets, the Director of Defense Intelligence Agency has a great deal of influence over the intelligence processes and products of the organizations. Responsibilities for the three major intelligence disciplines-imagery intelligence, signals intelligence, and human intelligence-rest primarily with the Directorates of Intelligence Systems and Foreign Intelligence. Since the Marine Corps only become a service with co-equal status in the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1978, its intelligence tradition has largely been one of the naval intelligence tradition.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JCYCJ68G,1986,J. Thompson Strong,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:52:47Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6076,Counterintelligence and Combatting Terrorism,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429312823-12/counterintelligence-combatting-terrorism-stephen-beitler,"During the Spanish-American War of 1898, even though the War and Navy Departments had been expanding their foreign intelligence activities, the Secret Service was responsible for counterintelligence. The Director of Naval Intelligence is responsible for counterintelligence, law enforcement, information and physical security, investigative services, and anti-terrorism in the navy. In the air force, investigative services (for law enforcement and counterintelligence), counterintelligence, anti-terrorism, and personal protective service operations are Air Force Office of Special Investigations missions. Counterintelligence investigations are conducted using techniques similar to those employed in law enforcement, but are directed at detecting, preventing, and neutralizing actual or potential threats to security. United States Marine Corps counterintelligence doctrine is similar to army doctrine, and the marine corps counterintelligence resources repose in interrogator-translator teams and counterintelligence teams. The separate brigade's operations security support and counterintelligence teams are deployed in the area of operations for communications security purposes and to detect security violations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SLILZGTY,1986,Stephen S. Beitler,Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:51:54Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,The Military Intelligence Community,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6077,The Military Intelligence Community,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780429312823/military-intelligence-community-gerald-hopple-bruce-watson,"The military intelligence co11111unity is one of the most misunderstood and maligned facets of the U.S. government. To much of the American public, intelligence means an organization of James Bonds, sophisticated, super-individualists, John Waynes who live slightly beyond the law. To others, military intelligence is considered as a constant threat to American democracy, a danger that must be contained and minimized.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W22NSTIG,2019-07-17,"Gerald W. Hopple, Bruce W. Watson",Routledge,,2024-01-15T17:51:11Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.4324/9780429312823,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2954214351,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2954214351,2021.0,2025.0,2019.0,,2.0 6078,"Stalin's Secret War: Soviet Counterintelligence against the Nazis, 1941-1945",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700618248,"The Soviet-German War of 1941–1945 was the most extensive intelligence/counterintelligence war in modern history, involving the capture, torture, deportation, execution, and “doubling” of tens of thousands of agents—most of them Soviet citizens. While Russian armies fought furiously to defeat the Wehrmacht, Stalin’s security services waged an equally ruthless secret war against Hitler’s spies, as well as against the Soviet population. For the first time, Robert Stephan now combines declassified U.S. intelligence documents, captured German records, and Russian sources, including a top-secret Soviet history of its intelligence and security services, to reveal the magnitude and scope of the brutal but sophisticated Soviet counterintelligence war against Nazi Germany. Employing as many as 150,000 trained agents across a 2,400-mile front, the Soviets neutralized the majority of the more than 40,000 German agents deployed against them. As Stephan shows, their combination of Soviet military deception operations and State Security’s defeat of the Abwehr’s human intelligence effort had devastating consequences for the German Army in every major battle against the Red army, including Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk, the Belorussian offensive, and the Vistula-Oder operation. Simultaneously, Soviet State Security continued to penetrate the world’s major intelligence services including those of its allies, terrorize its own citizens to prevent spying, desertion, and real or perceived opposition to the regime, and run millions of informants, making the USSR a vast prison covering one sixth of the world’s surface. Stephan discusses all facets of the Soviet counterintelligence effort, including the major Soviet “radio games” used to mislead the Germans—operations Monastery, Berezino, and those that defeated Himmler’s Operation Zeppelin. He also gives the most comprehensive account to date of the Abwehr’s infamous agent “Max,” whose organization allegedly ran an entire network of agents inside the USSR, and reveals the reasons for Germany’s catastrophic under-estimation of Soviet forces by more than one million men during their 1944 summer offensive in Belorussia Richly detailed and epic in scope, Stalin’s Secret War opens up a previously hidden dimension of World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/42ZX6DF8,2003-12-02,Robert Stephan,University Press of Kansas,,2024-01-15T17:47:14Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6079,SMERSH: Military Counterintelligence and Stalin's Control of the USSR,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701651292,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HSB3MNDU,2008-01-02,Robert W. Pringle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T17:43:15Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850600701651292,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2014029685,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2014029685,2019.0,2023.0,2007.0,,12.0 6080,The role of counterintelligence in countering transnational organized crime,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-999-1036-z,TOC behaves like or assumes the structure and the operations of a secret orga-nization. Powerful TOC organizations grow in symbiosis with the security structures of their host countries.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AXSSNBSN,1999-12-01,Volker Foertsch,,Trends in Organized Crime,2024-01-15T17:42:00Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1007/s12117-999-1036-z,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2090826047,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2090826047,2020.0,2025.0,1999.0,,21.0 6081,"Strategic Counterintelligence: What Is It, and What Should We Do About It?",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-51-no-2/what-is-it-and-what-should-we-do-about-it/,"Ever since Sherman Kent’s signature work was published, strategic intelligence has been the subject of literature, study, and practice, and, although an author in the pages of this issue of Studies will disagree, the subject has come to occupy a well-established place as a core intelligence product line and mission. 1 CIA historian Don Steury has written: By contrast, “strategic counterintelligence” remains a relatively undeveloped concept, in theory or implementation. Isn’t this curious? For if strategic intelligence takes as its touchstone the whole of state interests and the sources of state power, then understanding the purpose and manner in which other states use their intelligence resources to gain advantage and mastering the capability to counter them would seem to be the other side of the strategic intelligence coin. Yet to the extent strategic counterintelligence (CI) is addressed within CI or intelligence circles, it is controversial, poorly understood, and even more poorly executed because it does not fit comfortably within the existing architecture and approach to counterintelligence as it has developed within the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YTW3DG3A,2007-06-01,Michelle K. van Cleave,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-01-15T17:40:43Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6082,Chasing Spies: How the FBI Failed in Counter-Intelligence But Promoted the Politics of McCarthyism in the Cold War Years,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781566634205/Chasing-Spies-How-the-FBI-Failed-in-Counter-Intelligence-But-Promoted-the-Politics-of-McCarthyism-in-the-Cold-War-Years,"The long history of the Federal Bureau of Investigation under J. Edgar Hoover is studded with serious questions about the Bureau's professionalism and accountability. Revelations in the recent cases of Wen Ho Lee, Robert Hannsen, and Timothy McVeigh illustrate these misgivings. In Chasing Spies, Athan Theoharis, historian and perhaps the foremost authority on the FBI's record, raises urgent new uncertainties about the Bureau's behavior—and about the prospects for giving the FBI expanded powers of surveillance during the current national emergency. Mr. Theoharis here redefines the politics of the World War II and cold war eras, moving the debate beyond the narrow perspective triggered by the release of KGB records and intercepted Soviet consular reports (the Venona messages). The intriguing issue, he argues, is not the effectiveness of Soviet espionage activities as supported by the new evidence. Nor is it the long-standing charges of “softness toward communism” in the Roosevelt and Truman administrations. The real issue, he says, is the failure of the FBI to apprehend and convict Soviet agents. Based on meticulous research in FBI files, Chasing Spies uncovers the FBI's role in the most important espionage cases of the cold war years. The book shows how secrecy immunized FBI operations from critical scrutiny and enabled FBI officials to mask their counterintelligence failures while promoting a politics of McCarthyism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6FDPDI3C,2002-01-01,Athan Theoharis,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-15T17:38:56Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6083,Counterintelligence Outreach: Building a Strategic Capability,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.924820,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9DYDZXD7,2015-01-02,"Michael D. Stouder, Scott Gallagher",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T17:37:46Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2014.924820,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075220771,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075220771,2020.0,2024.0,2014.0,,6.0 6084,Exposing the Seams: The Impetus for Reforming U.S. Counterintelligence,Report,https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA418554,"U.S. counterintelligence is in need of reform. The September 11, 2001 attacks by Al-Qaida against America highlight this fact but are not in themselves the reason counterintelligence should be reformed. Not surprisingly these attacks have stirred a general debate on how U.S. intelligence ought to be reformed to more adequately protect the nation. However, amidst these various discussions one aspect of American intelligence capabilities seems to be conspicuously absent counterintelligence. A review of counterintelligence functions and organization reveals that U.S. counterintelligence must be reformed organizationally. The current counterintelligence community structure hinders the effective employment of this crucial intelligence capability. In order to resolve this problem the author proposes a threefold approach to that reform 1 Centralize U.S. counterintelligence operations under a single agency that will have the authority to conduct both domestic and foreign operations, 2 leave the remaining offices of counterintelligence located throughout the federal government in place to provide investigative and analytical support to the central operations agency, and 3 devolve U.S. counterintelligence down to the state and local levels along with encouraging greater private sector participation in order to provide wider coverage of the threat that both spies and terrorists pose to U.S. national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5A929S8M,2003-09-01,Todd E. Gleghom,,,2024-01-15T15:04:59Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6085,Russia‘s strategic culture drives its foreign hacking,Blog post,https://bindinghook.com/articles-hooked-on-trends/russias-strategic-culture-drives-its-foreign-hacking/,Monica Kello explores the cultural forces behind Russia’s foreign cyber operations,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T5MTGPVN,2024-01-15T06:00:56+00:00,Monica Kello,,,2024-01-15T14:40:26Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6086,Terrorist group counterintelligence,Thesis,https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/553096,"Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University, 2008.; Includes bibliographical references. Most terrorist groups do not survive past their first few years of existence. All terrorist groups, even those that survive for decades, face a basic and constant existential threat: discovery of their activities, personnel, and plans by government law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Why do some terrorist groups manage this threat better than others? What accounts for the variation in terrorist group counterintelligence capabilities? Answers to these questions have profound implications for homeland security and international counterterrorism efforts.; The study examines how three core variables: a terrorist group's organizational structure, its access to controlled territory and its level of popular support, affect the terrorist group's counterintelligence strengths and vulnerabilities. Thirty-three terrorist groups are examined in a large typological framework while additional case studies provide an in-depth focus on Al Qaeda, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), Fatah, Black September, and the Egyptian Islamic Group (Gemaa al-Islamiyya).; The study shows that terrorist groups inevitably face predictable, though often subtle, counterintelligence dilemmas that challenge their ability to function effectively. Contrary to popular belief, the dissertation shows that hierarchical and tightly organized terrorist organizations are frequently superior to decentralized or 'network' terrorist organizations in their counterintelligence capabilities, and therefore are in many cases better suited for long-term survival. Additionally, the study shows that most terrorist group leaders crave publicity, which frequently undermines the terrorist group's need to maintain secrecy and security. This research offers numerous policy prescriptions for more efficiently exploiting terrorist counterintelligence vulnerabilities. Incorporating these insights into current counterterrorism efforts promises to add inventive methods for monitoring and eliminating terrorist groups.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GF4I9G7R,2008,Blake William Mobley,,,2024-01-15T13:48:34Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,PhD Thesis,Georgetown University,,,,,,,,, 6087,EOKA Intelligence and Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1522228,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GAAY3KJY,2019-01-02,Keith C. Slack,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T11:51:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2018.1522228,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2920564312,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2920564312,2019.0,2025.0,2019.0,,0.0 6088,Intelligence Analysis and “Lessons Learned”,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24744-6_4,"State intelligence agencies tend to place great emphasis on their analytical skills. The Jihādi version of analysis, however, is overshadowed by specific ideological motivators and justifications rooted in operational art. These ideological elements are specifically used to associate a person with the Jihādi intelligence cycle and its goals. Still, we can also observe how attempts are made to thoroughly understand an opponent’s weaknesses and strengths in tandem with ideological biases, without paying much attention to analytical craft. Intelligence analysts sometimes reach conclusions that turn out to be inaccurate, which is commonly referred to as “intelligence failure” or “post-mortem” and becomes a “lesson learned”. Intelligence failures and misjudgements are an inevitable part of intelligence. Jihādi organisations learn not only from their analysis of past operations and events, but also from history, culture and ideology, which can be considered “operational art”.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6LWCSL6S,2023,Ferdinand J. Haberl,Springer Nature Switzerland,,2024-01-15T11:08:17Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1007/978-3-031-24744-6_4,Jihadi Intelligence and Counterintelligence: Ideological Foundations and Operational Methods,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4360591815,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 6089,Big Data and Counterintelligence in Western Countries,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1605804,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UCD5W8TD,2019-07-03,Avner Barnea,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T10:35:54Z,"['8XXD789V', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2019.1605804,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2955491542,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2955491542,2020.0,2025.0,2019.0,,1.0 6090,Seaborne terrorism and counterintelligence in India: challenges and concerns,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2018.1519054,"The city of Bombay (later Mumbai) has witnessed two deadly seaborne terrorist attacks in 1993 and 2008, respectively. Recurring with a gap of 15 years, the latter had a similar nature and goal as that of the former. Apart from the seaborne character, there was state sponsorship from Pakistan, nexus with organized criminal groups and communal objectives. The only difference was that the 2008 attacks were carried out with greater sophistry as a result of the right lessons learnt from 1993, and a greater involvement of the Pakistani ‘deep state’. The central question approached in this article is how does a nation cope with such a triad threat perception? On examination of the intelligence prerogative for terrorist operations, the inevitability of counterintelligence responses is established. It is argued that the intelligence solution to the terrorist problem lies in ‘counterintelligence’ (CI), especially offensive CI, rather than traditional intelligence gathering.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EV7MQIDD,2018-09-02,P. C. Dheeraj,Routledge,Journal of the Indian Ocean Region,2024-01-15T10:34:24Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/19480881.2018.1519054,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2891583301,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2891583301,2020.0,2024.0,2018.0,,2.0 6091,A Grounded Theory of Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/26201945,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BRWRIY45,2011,Hank Prunckun,National Military Intelligence Association,American Intelligence Journal,2024-01-15T10:33:41Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6092,The Politics of Brazilian Intelligence and Foreign Relations with the US,Blog post,https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/rusi-newsbrief/the-politics-of-brazilian-intelligence-and-foreign-relations-with-the-us,Brazil’s strong response to the alleged spying practices of the US reveals more about the difficulties experienced in developing its own intelligence services than about the country’s long-term relationship with the US,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YQPQWYLS,2024-01-10,The Royal United Services Institute RUSI,,,2024-01-12T14:58:23Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6093,Business counterintelligence and the role of the U.S. intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609408435260,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YR9VVS7J,1994-12-01,Kristen Michal,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T09:28:36Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850609408435260,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2080510931,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080510931,2015.0,2015.0,1994.0,,21.0 6094,On the Origins of American Counterintelligence: Building a Clandestine Network,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-policy-history/article/abs/on-the-origins-of-american-counterintelligence-building-a-clandestine-network/7251ED1105121F0706BBC31160187DB5,"The subject of American counterintelligence has generated a considerable amount of scholarship in recent years, the bulk of that research focusing on the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and its predecessor, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Those agencies were and continue to be commonly recognized as having fulfilled the primary role as the nation's intelligence-gatherers. Within this vast intelligence community exists a microcosm in the form of counterespionage, or more euphemistically, counterintelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VVSX3SG3,1989-10-01,"Alan A. Block, John C. McWilliams",Cambridge University Press,Journal of Policy History,2024-01-15T09:27:49Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1017/S0898030600004656,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1964976733,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1964976733,2016.0,2016.0,1989.0,,27.0 6095,Counterintelligence: stepson of the intelligence discipline,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2017.1333725,"This article discusses the differences between strategic intelligence and counterintelligence, a much less researched subfield of the intelligence discipline. One reason for this scholarly neglect is the perception of counterintelligence as highly sensitive due to its preoccupation with internal affairs, considered too confidential for open discussion. Another reason is the apparent lack of understanding of the real contribution of counterintelligence to national security. This article seeks to fill this scholarly lacuna.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QCTZQG4L,2017-07-04,Avner Barnea,Routledge,Israel Affairs,2024-01-15T09:26:56Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/13537121.2017.1333725,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2622289783,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2622289783,2018.0,2022.0,2017.0,,1.0 6096,The Ten Commandments of Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/archives/vol-45-no-5/the-ten-commandments-of-counterintelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8BD6V7GE,2001-09-01,James M. Olson,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-01-15T09:19:13Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6097,Cyber Counterintelligence: An Exploratory Proposition on a Conceptual Framework,Journal article,https://www.igi-global.com/gateway/article/www.igi-global.com/gateway/article/246333,"This article advances a conceptual framework for cyber counterintelligence (FCCI) as a theoretical construct, hopefully useful not only to this field's academic development, but also to sound practice. It is submitted within the context of the sharp increasing targeting of state and non-state actors...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BBURU7UJ,2019,"Petrus Duvenage, Thenjiwe Sithole, Basie von Solms",IGI Global,International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism (IJCWT),2024-01-15T09:18:31Z,"['8XXD789V', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.4018/IJCWT.2019100103,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2998575056,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2998575056,2019.0,2022.0,2019.0,,0.0 6098,Iranian Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1565274,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BJTTDWJZ,2019-04-03,Carl Anthony Wege,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T09:17:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2019.1565274,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4252562822,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4252562822,2020.0,2026.0,2019.0,,1.0 6099,Dirty Tricks or Trump Cards: U.S.Covert Action and Counterintelligence,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Dirty-Tricks-or-Trump-Cards-US-Covert-Action-and-Counterintelligence/Godson/p/book/9780765806994,"Contrary to popular misconceptions and public branding as ""dirty tricks,"" covert action and counterintelligence can have considerable value. Democracies, while wary of these instruments, have benefited significantly from their use, saving lives, treasure, and gaining strategic advantage. As liberal democracies confront the post-Cold War mix of rogue states and non-state actors, such as criminals and terrorists, and weapons of mass destruction and mass disruption, these clandestine arts may prove to be important tools of statecraft, and perhaps trump cards in the twenty-first century.Godson defines covert action as influencing events in other parts of the world without attribution, and counterintelligence as identifying, neutralizing, and exploiting the secret activities of others. Together they provide the capability to resist manipulation and control others to advantage. Counterintelligence protects U.S. military, technological, and diplomatic secrets and turns adversary intelligence to U.S. advantage. Covert action enables the United States to weaken adversaries and to assist allies who may be hampered by open acknowledgment of foreign support.Drawing on contemporary and historical literature, broad-ranging contacts with senior intelligence officials in many countries, as well as his own research and experience as a longtime consultant to the U.S. government, Godson traces the history of U.S. covert action and counterintelligence since 1945, showing that covert action works well when it is part of a well-coordinated policy and when policy makers are committed to succeeding in the long-term. Godson argues that the best counterintelligence is an offensive defense. His exposition of the essential theoretical foundations of both covert action and counterintelligence, supported by historical examples, lays out the ideal conditions for their use, as well as demonstrating why they are so difficult to attain.This book will be of interest to students and general readers interested in political science, national security, foreign policy, and military policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EALHT9DF,2000,Roy Godson,Transaction Publishers,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6100,Al-Qaeda's Counterintelligence Doctrine: The Pursuit of Operational Certainty and Control,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802698226,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HSITY6F6,2009-03-10,Gaetano Joe Ilardi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T09:15:56Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850600802698226,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2158318278,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2158318278,2013.0,2025.0,2009.0,,4.0 6101,Unconventional Spies: The Counterintelligence Threat from Non-State Actors,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600802698200,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QIT32J3Q,2009-03-10,Justin R. Harber,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T09:15:27Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850600802698200,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2019813993,12.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2019813993,2012.0,2025.0,2009.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850600802698200?needAccess=true,3.0 6102,The Cali Cartel and Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1522218,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6YP9RLHJ,2019-01-02,"Blake W. Mobley, Timothy Ray",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-15T08:36:03Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2018.1522218,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2919187163,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2919187163,2019.0,2025.0,2019.0,,0.0 6103,British and Polish Intelligence Services in the 20th Century: Co-operation and Rivalry,Journal article,https://rcin.org.pl/ihpan/dlibra/publication/42487/edition/25402,s. 101-135,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C5FPMFGX,2001,Jacek Tebinka,Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper,Acta Poloniae Historica,2024-01-08T09:36:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6104,How CIA and Special Forces Tested Counterinsurgency Strategy in Vietnam's Central Highlands,Magazine article,https://www.historynet.com/vietnam-highlands/,"In 1961, the CIA’s clandestine Combined Studies Group, along with U.S. Special Forces, began experimenting with a program to organize a group of Vietnam's Highland tribes known collectively as “Montagnards”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UHCSD7V5,2022-01-08T13:00:39+00:00,J. Keith Saliba,,Today in History,2024-01-14T21:39:11Z,['BHVIFBRH'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6105,Irish Republican Army Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600903347152,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4LL4GQLC,2010-01-02,Gaetano Joe Ilardi,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-14T19:39:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'V7KUA58M']",10.1080/08850600903347152,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015786267,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2015786267,2019.0,2026.0,2009.0,,10.0 6106,Finding Needles in a Haystack: The Eastern Bloc's Counterintelligence Capabilities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.678694,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLLB7HL2,2012-12-01,Jan Bury,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-14T19:38:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2012.678694,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1970303864,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970303864,2014.0,2023.0,2012.0,,2.0 6107,Counterintelligence and National Strategy,Report,https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA471485,"At the start of the 21st century, there are many more highly capable foreign intelligence services in the world than ever before, and we are only just beginning to understand their modern potential as an extension of state power. The functions that U.S. counterintelligence CI performs in the face of these changing intelligence threats have well-established tactical objectives and processes, but their potential as an integral part of American national security strategy is just starting to emerge. The work of clandestine services, engaged in intelligence collection and other activities, is an arena of international competition in which the advantage does not necessarily go to the rich or powerful. Foreign adversaries may not have a prayer of fielding costly and technologically demanding technical collection suites, but they can organize, train, equip, sustain, and deploy impressive numbers of case officers, agents of influence, saboteurs, and spies, and the United States has become the single most important collection target in the world. Intelligence operations against the United States are now more diffuse, aggressive, technologically sophisticated, and potentially more successful than ever before, especially within America itself, where a rich, free society and an extensive foreign presence provide opportunity and cover for intelligence services and their agents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/87UNXE3Z,2007-04-01,Michelle K. van Cleave,,,2024-01-14T19:37:25Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6108,Hizballah's Counterintelligence Apparatus,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2012.705185,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELSFXNA7,2012-12-01,Carl Anthony Wege,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-14T19:36:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2012.705185,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2068598346,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2068598346,2014.0,2025.0,2012.0,,2.0 6109,Towards Offensive Cyber Counterintelligence: Adopting a Target-Centric View on Advanced Persistent Threats,Conference paper,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6657147,"Although the traditional strategies for cyber defense in use today are necessary to mitigate broad ranges of common threats, they are not well-suited to protect against a persistent antagonist with access to advanced system exploitation techniques and knowledge of existing but yet undiscovered software vulnerabilities. Addressing the threat caused by such antagonists requires a fast and offensive Cyber Counterintelligence (CCI) process, and a more efficient inter-organizational information exchange. This paper proposes a framework for offensive CCI based on technical tools and techniques for data mining, anomaly detection, and extensive sharing of cyber threat data. The framework is placed within the distinct context of military intelligence, in order to achieve a holistic, offensive and target-centric view of future CCI. The main contributions offered are (i) a comprehensive process that bridges the gap between the various actors involved in CCI, (ii) an applied technical architecture to support detection and identification of data leaks emanating from cyber espionage, and (iii) deduced intelligence community requirements.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MJ26TA22,2013-08,"Johan Sigholm, Martin Bang",,,2024-01-14T19:35:50Z,"['8XXD789V', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1109/EISIC.2013.37,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1976413307,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976413307,2014.0,2025.0,2013.0,,1.0 6110,The 9/11 Attacks—A Study of Al Qaeda's Use of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100802670803,"The 9/11 attacks on New York and Washington, D.C. were undoubtedly the most brazen and shocking terrorist attacks conducted by a sub-state group in history. Al Qaeda's capacity to achieve this outcome depended in large part on its meticulous intelligence and counterintelligence preparations. These activities allowed Al Qaeda to exert a strong measure of control over its operating environment, leading to a confidence that events would unfold as planned. Moreover, intelligence and counterintelligence allowed Al Qaeda to form highly accurate and realistic assessments of its environment, an outcome that helps to dispel notions of an organization consumed by a level of fanaticism that distorts its perception of reality, or else frustrates its capacity to engage in rational decision making.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I6ZAW3YC,2009-03-24,Gaetano Joe Ilardi,Routledge,Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,2024-01-14T19:34:55Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/10576100802670803,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996724642,44.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996724642,2013.0,2025.0,2009.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10576100802670803?needAccess=true&role=button,4.0 6111,The Search for Spies: American Counterintelligence and the Japanese American Community 1931–1942,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.17953/amer.6.2.rw2212q8724mw376,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KL79HIIC,1979-10-01,Bob Kumamoto,Routledge,Amerasia Journal,2024-01-14T19:34:29Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.17953/amer.6.2.rw2212q8724mw376,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1907813026,50.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1907813026,2015.0,2022.0,1979.0,,36.0 6112,Deception: Counterdeception and Counterintelligence,Book,https://sk.sagepub.com/cqpress/deception,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BD9PGXPN,2019,"Robert M. Clark, William L. Mitchell",CQ Press,,2024-01-14T19:33:55Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.4135/9781071872642,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4213365487,41.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4213365487,2019.0,2026.0,2019.0,,0.0 6113,"Sistemas nacionais de inteligência: origens, lógica de expansão e configuração atual [National intelligence systems: origins, expansion logic, and current configuration]",Journal article,https://www.scielo.br/j/dados/a/6CLtBMghPGZrhsFFH5LhHrQ/?lang=pt,"This article analyzes the formation of national intelligence systems in the modern state and the basic causes of institutional differences even among countries from the same constitutional tradition, like the United Kingdom and the United States. Considering intelligence systems as a sort of bureaucracy typically associated with the state's coercive core, one can trace their origins to three different historical matrices: 16th and 17th century European diplomacy, the Napoleonic form of war management at the turn from the 18th to the 19th century, and 19th and 20th century counterrevolutionary political policing. Following a logic of expansion and functional differentiation that is simultaneously horizontal and vertical, current national intelligence systems display great organizational complexity and dilemmas in their institutionalization which provide good examples of the virtual impossibility of complete democratization of the state in the contemporary world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YJTK8FXQ,2003,Marco Cepik,Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos (IESP) da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ),Dados,2024-01-14T19:29:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1590/S0011-52582003000100003,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1742411163,7.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1742411163,2019.0,2026.0,2003.0,https://www.scielo.br/j/dados/a/6CLtBMghPGZrhsFFH5LhHrQ/?lang=pt&format=pdf,16.0 6114,Intelligence Support to MONUSCO: Challenges to Peacekeeping and Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2017.1289751,"Persistent armed conflicts and humanitarian crises require an improved United Nations (UN) peacekeeping capability in the 21st century. One aspect of such capability is the effectiveness of its command and control (C2) structures, which is highly dependent on proper intelligence support. In order to critically evaluate such claims, this article analyzes the case of United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). Both the organization of the mission-related intelligence structures (G2, JMAC, and JOC) and their practices are brought to light by interviews with MONUSCO staff, a visit to mission’s headquarters in Goma, UN reports and documents, and specialized literature. The findings indicate that intelligence contributed to improve C2 at MONUSCO by playing a critical role at the tactical (neutralizing armed groups) and operational (sharing information and providing mission-wide situational awareness) levels. Nonetheless, it had a lesser impact at the strategic level, due to a persistent gap between the UN structures in New York and the field mission.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5RLQTKJQ,2017-01-02,"Giovanna Kuele, Marco Cepik",Routledge,"The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs",2024-01-14T19:28:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/23800992.2017.1289751,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2712262009,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2712262009,2020.0,2026.0,2017.0,,3.0 6115,Regime político e sistema de inteligência no Brasil: legitimidade e efetividade como desafios institucionais [Political regime and the intelligence system in Brazil: legitimacy and effectiveness as institutional challenges],Journal article,https://www.scielo.br/j/dados/a/VDrGbmPwgfR6ZM5C5Ycbhvn/?lang=pt,"This article aims to analyze the relationship between political regime and the organizational and legal structures of intelligence activities in Brazil. According to minimum aggregate measures, the country is approaching a threshold that allows one to consider it a consolidated democratic regime. This is expressed in a legal framework developed for the intelligence field, with explicit mechanisms for coordination, supervision, and oversight. However, there are persistent problems in the performance of new organizational structures that are also consistent with the challenges of democratic consolidation. The article demonstrates how the use of more disaggregated measurements of democratic consolidation and state capability allow a clearer association between the political regime’s characteristics and the changes observed in different countries in the field of intelligence in the last fifteen years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RM9LIJ5V,2005-03,Marco Cepik,Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Políticos (IESP) da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ),Dados,2024-01-14T19:26:53Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1590/S0011-52582005000100004,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996589650,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996589650,2014.0,2020.0,2005.0,https://doaj.org/article/5139a4e8a59e47078979087fe2793c46,9.0 6116,"A tumultuous time: OSS and army intelligence in India, 1942–1946",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609508435272,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8GJ7UZEZ,1995-03-01,Marshall Windmiller,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-14T19:25:36Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850609508435272,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043266857,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043266857,2012.0,2012.0,1995.0,,17.0 6117,"Erkundungen: Militärische Nachrichtendienste, Spionage und Informationsbeschaffung vor dem und im Ersten Weltkrieg in Russland, Österreich-Ungarn, Deutschland und Italien [Explorations: Military intelligence services, espionage and information gathering before and during the First World War in Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy]",Book,https://www.austriaca.at?arp=0x003dd269,"Wie arbeiteten militärische Nachrichtendienste vor dem und im Ersten Weltkrieg? Wie wurde Spionage organisiert und welche Quellen waren von Bedeutung? Welche Entwicklungen nahmen die europäischen Geheimdienste bis 1914 und wie wurden die Schwerpunkte des „geheimen Krieges“ definiert? Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes betrachten diese Fragen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und spiegeln dabei die spezifischen historiografischen Horizonte der verschiedenen Länder bzw. der betreffenden Staaten wider. Sie machen aber auch deutlich, wie vielschichtig „intelligence“ ist, von welch großer Bedeutung „Vernetzungen“ waren und auf welch vielfältigen Wegen die damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Informationen erworben wurden. Der Komplexität von „intelligence“ nähern sich die Autorinnen und Autoren mit Blick auf vier europäische Staaten, die im Ersten Weltkrieg als Bündnispartner kämpften oder als Gegner aufeinandertrafen: Österreich-Ungarn, Deutschland, Russland und Italien. Die Beiträge differenzieren die häufig synonym verwendeten Begriffe Geheim- und Nachrichtendienst, indem sie die konkreten Aufgaben der Dienste analysieren, Kooperationen unterschiedlicher Art betrachten, die Vielschichtigkeit der Nachrichtensammlung ansprechen, aber auch die gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen der „spy mania“ im Fin de Siècle untersuchen. [How did secret services work? How was espionage organized and what kind of sources did it use? What did European secret services look like in 1914 and what was the main focus of the “secret war”? The texts in this edited volume examine these questions from different perspectives and reflect the specific historiographies in the respective countries. They also emphasize the broad nature of “intelligence”, the paramount importance of networking, and the variety of ways information was acquired. The authors of the volume highlight the complexity of “intelligence”, concentrating on Austria-Hungary, Russia, Germany and Italy. They look at the specific tasks of the services, examine different kinds of cooperation, and also consider the societal conditions of fin-de-siècle “spy mania”.]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K7Z4N366,2022,"Verena Moritz, Wolfgang Mueller",Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,,2024-01-14T19:20:45Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1553/978OEAW90301,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4309121432,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 6118,"British signals intelligence in the trenches, 1915–1918: part 2, interpreter operators",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1659581,"This article uses prosopographical techniques to examine around 150 First World War signals intelligence personnel. Designated as ‘Interpreter Operators’ by the British army, these German-speakers listened to enemy and friendly messages that had leaked from telephone lines or were deliberately transmitted through the ground. Drawn from diverse ethnographic backgrounds, these men offer up a fascinating case study of an army harnessing language skills to support their military endeavours. They also highlight a paradoxical challenge facing all intelligence organisations; that in order to understand an opponent you must often employ those with close personal or familial connections to that enemy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CPMR8FIY,2020-01-02,"Jim Beach, James Bruce",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2019.1659581,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2972755212,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2972755212,2021.0,2021.0,2019.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2019.1659581?needAccess=true,2.0 6119,The Swiss Police Forces and Counter-Intelligence (1914–1918),Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26102-3_13,"During the First World War, Switzerland was destined to become a gateway for the regular transit of agents used by belligerent nations to organise conspiracies behind enemy lines. The German and French intelligence services thus engaged in a secret war in Switzerland, which became the country most subjected to foreign espionage—owing to both its geographical position and neutrality. Since the Swiss Confederation did not have any intelligence service, its police had to stand in and assume an overall counterintelligence mission. This was successful and the Swiss police managed to thwart more than a hundred plots—some of those cases being of major international significance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X5M45BXG,2019,Christophe Vuilleumier,Springer International Publishing,,2024-01-14T19:17:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1007/978-3-030-26102-3_13,European Police Forces and Law Enforcement in the First World War,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2988368993,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 6120,"Scouting for Brigands: British Tank Corps Reconnaissance and Intelligence, 1916-1918",Book chapter,https://www.helion.co.uk/military-history-books/genesis-employment-aftermath-first-world-war-tanks-and-the-new-warfare-1900-1945.php,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X6FPU6T4,2015,Jim Beach,Helion & Company Ltd.,,2024-01-14T19:15:06Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,"Genesis, Employment, Aftermath: First World War Tanks and the New Warfare 1900-1945",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6121,French Intelligence on the Russian Army on the Eve of the First World War,Journal article,,"This article examines the reports on the Russian army by the French military attachés in St. Petersburg to the General Staff in Paris and the intelligence estimates compiled by the Russia specialists of First Bureau (Allied Armies), 1904-14. Officers seconded to the Russian army reported on the remarkable progress made after the war with Japan. French intelligence indicated any Russian offensive against Germany would occur only after the decisive battles in the west and would only tie down limited German forces. The Russian success at the start of the war and resulting transfer of German forces from the Western Front therefore were unexpected by the French General Staff.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RH2Z2SV4,July 2018,Keith Armes,,Journal of Military History,2024-01-14T19:12:49Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6122,Finding Thoroton: The Royal Marine Who Ran British Naval Intelligence in the Western Mediterranean in World War One,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MQQC6UA5,2013-10-01,Philip Vickers,Royal Marines Historical Society,,2024-01-14T19:10:39Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6123,"Negative Intelligence: The Army and the American Left, 1917-1941",Book,https://www.upress.state.ms.us/Books/N/Negative-Intelligence,"During World War I, in the period of the Red Scare, and throughout the Great Depression, the army's domestic spy agency mounted an extensive surveillance campaign focused on civilians and groups deemed subversive. Negative Intelligence traces the fascinating and astonishing story of military espionage on the home front. Created by Major General Ralph H. Van Deman in 1917, the Negative Branch of Military, or MI, spied on American reformers in a program of civilian surveillance that surpassed even that of the Department of Justice's Bureau of Investigation. Among the targets were the Industrial Workers of the World, the American Civil Liberties Union, and “Negro Subversion. ” Documentation of MI's program of domestic espionage is from recently opened Military Intelligence archives. Closely allied with private vigilante groups, the Army conducted illegal raids, made illegal arrests, subjected many citizens to interrogation, and developed an elaborate filing system for its dossiers. After World War I the hysteria continued, with MI's direct focus beamed upon a new enemy, the Bolsheviki. Although MI's abuses have been overshadowed by those of the Department of Justice, army espionage was in many ways more aggressive than its civilian counterpart. Negative Intelligence documents these abuses and shows how until 1921 the attempts to restrain MI's work failed. After this time, with limited staff and funding MI could do no more than maintain close liaison with private super-patriotic groups. However, the coming of the Great Depression fired up the rebirth of the army's civilian espionage programs. Then as World War II approached, internal security once again became a national policy, and J. Edgar Hoover of the Federal Bureau of Investigation moved his powerful network into the supreme position of domestic spying.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NHWNUX7F,2008-10-01,Roy Talbert,University Press of Mississippi,,2024-01-14T19:09:00Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6124,The Secrets of Rue St Roch: Intelligence Operations Behind Enemy Lines in the First World War,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hNtmAAAAMAAJ,"Spring 1917 on the Western Front: how were the Allies to discover where the Germans were going to make their next push, which parts of the line they were reinforcing? In this first full account of an Allied spying operation behind enemy lines during the First World War, Morgan describes how British military intelligence set up its Paris office in 1917 and persuaded a Luxembourg woman of remarkable courage to return as a spy to her native country to watch over the crucial railway marshalling yards there. To join her they sent Albert Baschwitz Meau, one of the most dashing, brave and colourful characters of this or any other war, who was floated one dark night in spring 1918 in an unpowered balloon over German lines... Morgan reveals how the Allies recruited agents in Europe and ran their operations in enemy-controlled territory. But as well as the espionage story, she also tells the personal stories of the individual men and women who worked under such intense pressure and in such exceptional circumstances. This is one of the most significant, as well as one of the most exciting, contributions to the literature of the First World War for many years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R9RKJZHY,2004,Janet P. Morgan,Allen Lane,,2024-01-14T19:08:02Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6125,"Codes, Ciphers and Spies: Tales of Military Intelligence in World War I",Book,http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-29415-5,"Provides a timely addition to scholarship in the area, at the approach of the 100th anniversary of American participation in WWI Presents many interesting stories on the work of MI-8 on the home front, on the AEF in France, and on the cryptographic work of G2.A6 Describes a fascinating set of characters and tales from the history of German spies and sabotage in the US during the war",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PK98R9XC,2016,John F. Dooley,Springer International Publishing,,2024-01-14T19:03:52Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1007/978-3-319-29415-5,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2500819336,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2500819336,2018.0,2023.0,2016.0,,2.0 6126,"Position Mapping: Cartography, Intelligence, and the Third Battle of Gaza, 1917",Conference paper,https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-25244-5_3,"World War I saw numerous innovations in military cartography. In the Palestine theater as elsewhere, the British and Dominion forces leveraged new technologies, including aerial photography and wireless intercepts, to supplement their use of intelligence to map enemy troop positions. The creation and distribution of these position maps by the 7th Field Survey Company for the Third Battle of Gaza in late 1917 represented an innovative process of intelligence-gathering, map production, and knowledge distribution. This paper not only examines the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) along with its subordinate intelligence assets and cartographic organizations as a comprehensive mapping system, but also elaborates upon David Woodward’s cartographic framework to study the creation of the 7th Field Survey Company’s position maps as well as their utility, accuracy, and effectiveness. Woodward’s framework divides the map production process into four phases: information gathering, information processing, document distribution, and document use. Elements of the EEF were involved in each of these phases during the Third Battle of Gaza. This mapping system was cyclical insofar as the operations that these maps helped to facilitate also gathered further information that fed into the next cycle’s product. As the condition of the battlefield and the nature of the operations changed, so too did the value of various modes of intelligence gathering, with varying effects on the accuracy and utility of the position maps. The utility of the position map technique is apparent in its reintroduction prior to the EEF’s final offensive in 1918.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TBRGJYTI,2016,"Joel Radunzel, Elri Liebenberg, Imre Josef Demhardt, Soetkin Vervust",Springer International Publishing,,2024-01-14T19:02:19Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1007/978-3-319-25244-5_3,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1566707165,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1566707165,2018.0,2025.0,2016.0,,2.0 6127,Armour against fate: British military intelligence in the First World War,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UUQZBQ8X,1989-01-01,Michael Edward Occleshaw,Columbus Books,,2024-01-14T18:58:58Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6128,The Regi Carabinieri: Counterintelligence in the Great War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555051,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SBLVPTMJ,2001-12-01,Alessandro Massignani,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-01-14T18:56:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/16161262.2001.10555051,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1494443966,0.0,False,,,,2001.0,, 6129,War and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2014.946693,"War has always had a transformative effect on the development of intelligence, both civil and military. Gill Bennett looks at some of the ways in which armed conflict has affected the development of British intelligence, focusing on the lessons learned during the First World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NHXAIPBS,2014-07-04,Gill Bennett,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-01-14T18:53:30Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/03071847.2014.946693,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1564906006,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1564906006,2017.0,2022.0,2014.0,,3.0 6130,"For God and La Patrie: Antonin Jaussen, Dominican Priest and French intelligence agent in the Middle East, 1914–1920",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2012.728735,"The study of the First World War in the Middle East has been dominated by diplomatic and military scholars. A new breed of historians and sociologists has attempted to look at the ways in which Middle Eastern societies were reshaped by the war. This article seeks to demonstrate how specialized historical, cultural and social knowledge was put to use by the French intelligence in the Middle East, during the First World War. By looking at the case of Dominican Father Antonin Jaussen, this article will reveal the limits of the use of Oriental knowledge as a mechanism of modernity as well as its impact on this period on the history of the Middle East, suggesting that this method became a leading principle in the post-war era. The case of Father Jaussen suggests that Orientalist knowledge for calculating wartime exigencies set the stage for the use of these very methods in the post-war, state-building era. This essay is finally intended to serve as both an opening to further research on specific subjects such as Jaussen, and as a call to develop new historiographical tactics when dealing with issues that connect European and Middle Eastern actors and structures. Jaussen and many other European actors still to be examined in depth, also inadvertently implanted and encouraged the seeds of bureaucratic and intellectually hierarchical statecraft by the very methods they used.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M23CZH64,2012-10-01,"Roberto Mazza, Idir Ouhes",Routledge,First World War Studies,2024-01-14T18:51:17Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/19475020.2012.728735,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987868851,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987868851,2020.0,2025.0,2012.0,,8.0 6131,Room 40: British Naval Intelligence 1914-18,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Room_40.html?id=eqafAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y,"This book is the enthralling story of the extraordinary band of amateurs in Room 40 - university professors, clergymen, naval schoolmasters, stockbrokers, and bankers - who captured all the German naval codes before the end of 1914 and of how they read them and their replacements over the next four years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ICARQB23,1982,Patrick Beesly,Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,,2024-01-14T18:49:57Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6132,"Informing the enemy: Australian prisoners and German intelligence on the Western Front, 1916–1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2013.828634,"This article considers the intelligence value of prisoners captured during the First World War. 3848 troops of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) were taken prisoner by the German Army on the Western Front between the years 1916 and 1918. Because their capture was at odds with a heroic representation of the Australian war experience in the post-war period, little has been written about their war in captivity. But historians who have written about captivity tend to dwell on the personal, subjective nature of captivity and rarely consider the benefit prisoners are to the armies that capture them. This study addresses both omissions, and looks at prisoners of war as intelligence sources through the experience of Australian troops captured by the German Army on the Western Front. This paper uses prisoner testimony and German intelligence records to demonstrate that most Australian prisoners were ‘sturdily determined’ not to reveal any information of value to the enemy, yet the German Army still managed to obtain ‘very important information’ from them. It looks at AIF counter-intelligence methods, German procedures for handling prisoners for intelligence purposes, interrogation methods, prisoner experiences, what the German Army learned from Australian prisoners, as well as examples of how the German Army used information obtained from prisoners. It also looks at two cases of Australian troops who willingly disclosed information about the AIF and its operations having deserted to the enemy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5XCB352Q,2013-10-01,Aaron Pegram,Routledge,First World War Studies,2024-01-14T18:46:31Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/19475020.2013.828634,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969972539,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969972539,2014.0,2018.0,2013.0,,1.0 6133,Intelligence and Imperial Defence: British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire 1904-1924,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315037417/intelligence-imperial-defence-richard-james-popplewell-richard-popplewell,"This is the first book to appear on British intelligence operations based in both India and London, which defended the Indian Empire against subversion during the first two decades of the twentieth century. It is concerned with the threat to the British Raj posed by the Indian revolutionary movement, the resulting development of the imperial intelligence service and the role it played during the First World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q8IUZVCL,2018-12-07,Richard J. Popplewell,Routledge,,2024-01-14T18:44:02Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.4324/9781315037417,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4253228539,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4253228539,2013.0,2022.0,2018.0,,-5.0 6134,"Intelligence, Espionage, and Cold War Origins*",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1989.tb00051.x,"We have learned a great deal over the past decade and a half about the impact of the “intelligence revolution”—by which is meant the open and clandestine collection of information, the organization and implementation of covert operations, and the systematic analysis of adversary intentions and capabilities—on World War II strategy.1 That knowledge has led, in turn, to a reassessment of the role of intelligence in earlier periods, and to the emergence of intelligence “studies” as a distinct subdiscipline, complete with its own newsletters, journals, organizations, scholarly meetings, and university courses.2 But this proliferation of scholarship stops abruptly with the conclusion of the war: it is as if the possibilities for serious research on intelligence end with September 1945, in a manner almost as decisive as President Harry S. Truman's when in that same month he abolished with the stroke of a pen the first full-scale intelligence organization the United States had ever had, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS).3",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NUEGVFG8,1989-04-01,John Lewis Gaddis,,Diplomatic History,2024-01-14T18:42:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1111/j.1467-7709.1989.tb00051.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095484340,41.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095484340,2015.0,2024.0,1989.0,,26.0 6135,"Know Your Enemy: Peter Chalmers Mitchell, British Military Intelligence and the Understanding of German Propaganda in the First World War",Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-229X.12675,"This article examines the wartime career of Peter Chalmers Mitchell, who set aside his role as Secretary of the London Zoological Society for a wartime career in the War Office, as part of the larger ‘mobilization of intellect’ undertaken by wartime states. During his time at MI7b, Chalmers Mitchell produced an extensive report on German propaganda, intended to inform officials and propagandists of its content in order to assist Britain's own propaganda efforts. However, his attempt to provide an ‘objective and unbiased . . . presentation of facts’ was undermined by prejudice, complacency, presumption of expertise and the tailoring of discussion towards the tastes of his audience. The article explores Chalmers Mitchell's pre-war and wartime connections with and writing about Germany before assessing his report and briefly exploring possible connections between it and later British propaganda. It argues that, as a scientist, he was accustomed to producing ‘consensible’ knowledge capable of obtaining scholarly consensus because it followed established conventions. While he traded upon his scientific expertise in earlier public interventions about Germany, this was not highlighted in his report. Instead, because he was writing for officials and workers in a government department, his account was made consensible for its audience by confirming what they already thought. It thus discouraged rather than encouraging more complex British approaches to propaganda in the war's last years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FKXQG9P8,2018,David Monger,,History,2024-01-14T17:26:08Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1111/1468-229X.12675,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2954563332,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2954563332,2022.0,2022.0,2018.0,,4.0 6136,Crisis management in colonial states: Intelligence and counter-insurgency in Morocco and Syria after the First World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600957662,This article addresses fundamental questions about power in colonial states by analysing the role and performance of intelligence agencies in response to internal rebellion. What was the relationship between intelligence agencies and the coercive instruments of imperial power? How far did intelligence-gathering help to maintain state authority? And what role did intelligence agencies play as architects of colonial state formation? These questions are discussed here with reference to two French overseas dependencies that proved especially turbulent in the 1920s: the Moroccan protectorate and the Syrian mandate. It will be suggested that colonial rule in these locations was so heavily dependent on intelligence-gathering that both could be termed ‘intelligence states’.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELYLD5XT,2006-10-01,Martin Thomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-14T17:09:18Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684520600957662,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1995804713,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1995804713,2012.0,2017.0,2006.0,,6.0 6137,Intelligence Accountability in a Globalizing World. Towards an Instrument of Measuring Effectiveness,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_10,"This chapter discusses the ‘accountability gap’ with regard to international intelligence cooperation. As a result of globalisation, and especially after 9/11, this cooperation has become vital for national security. But as mechanisms of oversight and accountability are national only, they have had trouble keeping track of these developments. The chapter discusses the reasons why intelligence accountability is problematic, and proposes an innovative analytical instrument for closing this gap.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y9FEGBI7,2017,"Eleni Braat, Floribert Baudet",T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:07:40Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_10,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2732866677,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2732866677,2024.0,2024.0,2017.0,https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/420476,7.0 6138,The Evolution of Peacekeeping Intelligence: The UN’s Laboratory in Mali,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_9,"This chapter looks at how peacekeeping intelligence expanded in MINUSMA and how it worked in practice. Apart from reviewing the main innovations and structures, and the means for information gathering, processing, dissemination and direction, the chapter identifies many challenges and summarizes these by means of three dichotomies. First, the European countries brought in the innovative intelligence capabilities, heavily based on advanced NATO procedures, but the main force was mostly populated with African soldiers who had the greater cultural familiarity and knew more of the locally spoken languages. Marrying the Western and African capabilities turned out to be challenging due to incoherent procedures, systems, levels of experience as well as reporting mechanisms. In addition, information-sharing from classified NATO databases proved difficult. Second, whereas several innovative intelligence units produced comprehensive intelligence reports focusing on the longer term, MINUSMA’s military leadership valued current and security-related intelligence more, but that was insufficiently available within the organization. Third, the contributions of military and civilian actors were largely stovepiped and lacked sufficient sharing, coordination and integration. The reasons underlying this were organizational, political as well as technical in nature. Coordination boards were installed but these were not fully effective due to a lack of directive powers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2VRRDRG9,2017,"Sebastiaan Rietjens, A. Walter Dorn",T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:07:32Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_9,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2729250016,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2729250016,2018.0,2026.0,2017.0,,1.0 6139,Achieving Understanding in Contemporary UN Peace Operations: The Joint Mission Analysis Centre,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_8,"This chapter discusses the current status of intelligence in UN peace operations by examining the Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC), and makes proposals for the further development of this concept. After a brief historical overview, I will make the argument that rather than using the potentially controversial expression ‘(military) intelligence’, the UN should adopt contemporary terminology by employing the term ‘understanding’. I will then explain why JMAC is such an important step in the development of effective ‘intelligence’ support for decision-making support in peace operations. Finally, I will make some proposals, which are based on my experience as a military information officer in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s and Chief JMAC (UNIFIL), for the further development of the JMAC concept, by elaborating options for its relations with military intelligence structures like U2 and the All Sources Intelligence Fusion Unit (ASIFU); and the use of social media for situational awareness and understanding.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VRM3LZEE,2017,Reynaud Theunens,T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:07:14Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_8,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2729715528,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2729715528,2018.0,2018.0,2017.0,,1.0 6140,Blindfolded in the Dark. The Intelligence Position of Dutchbat in the Srebrenica Safe Area,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_7,"The attack on and the full conquest of the Safe Area of Srebrenica on 11 July 1995 caught everyone by surprise. This did not only go for Dutchbat, but for all intelligence services concerned. This cannot merely be explained by the fact that it was just shortly before the attack on the enclave that the Bosnian Serbs took the decision to conquer it completely, but it also has to do with the extremely weak intelligence position of the UN and with the absence of sufficient capacity and the right means to gather and analyse intelligence. Because of this, the fall of Srebrenica can be attributed to the failure of military intelligence. The Netherlands can be blamed as well. In the Dutch cabinet, in the Dutch Army and in Parliament an anti-intelligence attitude prevailed. Among them the idea had taken root that a peacekeeping operation did not require intelligence. Dutchbat command made serious mistakes and did not seize all available opportunities improve the intelligence position inside the enclave.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D2LUNMTW,2017,"Cees Wiebes, Jeoffrey van Woensel, Aad Wever",T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:06:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_7,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2727571719,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 6141,The Revolution in Intelligence Affairs: Problem Solved?,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_6,"The end of the Cold War and the 9/11 attacks spurred a still inconclusive debate concerning the necessity and the extent of a Revolution in Intelligence Affairs in order to adapt to a new security context of what we now call hybrid warfare. Experiences with hybrid opponents in recent conflicts have produced two innovations that effectively render the RIA debate superfluous. First, the 2006 conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, and the follow-on Israeli operation against Hamas in 2008, revealed that an intelligence-led integrated approach is of paramount importance to effectively counter hybrid opponents. Second, US experiences with interagency teams in counter-narcotics operations and in the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq showed that the fusing of all-source interagency intelligence efforts with operational capabilities creates remarkable results against hybrid opponents. The responsibility now lies with the intelligence community to effectively implement these innovations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8UK76VV6,2017,Minne Boelens,T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:06:14Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_6,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2729210876,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2729210876,2021.0,2021.0,2017.0,,4.0 6142,Postmodern Intelligence: Strategic Warning and Crisis Management,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_5,"This chapter argues the need for a paradigm shift in intelligence practice in the face of contemporary strategic challenges. The classic linear way to handle a crisis, as epitomized in the Cuba crisis of October 1962, is particularly ill suited in the face of contemporary non-linear challenges. The pace of events, the overload of real-time information and an increase in the number of actors—both state and non-state—that are able to present strategic challenges require a different approach both to intelligence and to the notion of strategic surprise. This approach is to be found in the analysis of multiple narratives leading to the identification of a number of possible scenarios rather than in attempts to connect the dots in time, attempts which inevitably reflect our own biases.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BXTYJVAW,2017,Chong Guan Kwa,T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:05:54Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_5,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2727219942,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2727219942,2020.0,2024.0,2017.0,,3.0 6143,Western Intelligence and Covert Soviet Military Aid to Indonesia During the 1962 West New Guinea Crisis,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_4,"This chapter assesses the performance of Western intelligence services against the Soviet target in the 1962 West New Guinea Crisis. During this crisis the Soviet Union secretly supplied Indonesia with Soviet-manned submarines and bombers and was prepared for these units to participate in an Indonesian attack against the Dutch military in West New Guinea. American and British intelligence services managed to detect the deployment of the Soviet force and obtained some indications that they would be used in support of an Indonesian attack. However, while the Americans and British had good military intelligence they had insufficient political and diplomatic intelligence and, therefore, could not discover the motivations behind the Soviet deployment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8DSZI9XK,2017,David Easter,T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:05:17Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_4,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2731976185,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 6144,Intelligence and the Sino-Indian War of 1962,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_3,"The 1962 war between India and China was marked by lapses in intelligence performance on the part of the defeated country, India. These lapses originated from resource constraints and lack of analytical experience. A civilian agency with a policing culture was tasked with collecting and assessing military intelligence. The result was an inability to appreciate the profound impact that subtle differences in Chinese domestic calculations and military postures could have on Beijing’s readiness to escalate hostilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NYGL7QIZ,2017,Prem Mahadevan,T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:04:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_3,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2725591950,0.0,False,,,,2017.0,, 6145,"‘Espionage Is Practised Here on a Vast Scale’. The Neutral Netherlands, 1914–1940",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_2,"Its neutral stance and its geographical position, wedged in between three rivalling European major powers, made The Netherlands in the period 1914–1940 a fertile ground for espionage. Its territory was used as a springboard and a place for information exchange. Also, The Netherlands itself were the subject of military information gathering, as it was a potential area for military operations by each of the surrounding great powers. The Dutch were well aware of these activities on their soil and tried to profit from contacts with foreign agents in order to strengthen Dutch neutrality. This extensive counter espionage was successful in 1914–1918 but failed in 1939–1940. During the inter war years the Dutch service, modest in size, focused on curtailing ‘bolshevism’, a danger that came from abroad but formed an internal threat to state security. This led to a rudimentary internal security apparatus.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HSZ3QP7T,2017,Wim Klinkert,T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:03:59Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8_2,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali: Between Learning and Law,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2725189253,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2725189253,2021.0,2023.0,2017.0,,4.0 6146,Perspectives on Military Intelligence from the First World War to Mali,Book,http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TPZENXCR,2017,"Floribert Baudet, Eleni Braat, Jeoffrey Van Woensel, Aad Wever",T.M.C. Asser Press,,2024-01-14T17:03:59Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1007/978-94-6265-183-8,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2730459258,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2730459258,2018.0,2021.0,2017.0,,1.0 6147,Strategy and Intelligence: British Policy During the First World War,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/strategy--intelligence-9781852850999/,"This collection of essays discusses various aspects of the First World War and aims to summarize the latest literature on Britain's participation in that war and also to open up new lines of investigation. These include the role of intelligence in land and air battles; Anglo-American financial relations; Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Irish relations; the British Labour movement in the war; and the final campaigns of 1918, which led to the Allied victory. These essays are written not only for the specialist but also to be accessible to students and to the general reader.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R9QFRVUS,01 July 1996,"Michael Dockrill, David French",Bloomsbury,,2023-01-12T10:32:55Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6148,First World War Intelligence and the Russian Workers Association in Australia - UQ eSpace,Conference paper,https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:7706,"A serious battle was conducted on the home front in Australia during World War I. The home front was the boundary where trenches were dug against disloyalty and sedition, against those within who challenged the mainstream culture. One aspect of this battle was the increased monitoring of groups and individuals. This saw the passing of new legislation to empower the often disparate military and intelligence organizations. In several places a sharp juxtapositioning of the dominant conservative culture against marginalized 'radical' cultures occurred. There were several challenges to the dominant culture; the story of the Russians in Brisbane being one amongst many based on political causes. The formation and growth of an official club, the Russian Workers Association, gave these alienated working migrants an association and a voice. With time, this voice began to represent a very specific identity for Russians in Brisbane, and indeed wider Australia. This paper looks at the characterization of the Association and its members in selected intelligence documents. Taking an historical approach, I argue that a clash between the 'language of bureaucracy' and the 'language of revolution' pervaded the official treatment of the Russian Workers Association. Conclusions drawn from these documents confirm that the conservative intelligence culture overestimated the 'threat' posed by the Russians.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BHC2S2EN,2006-02-24,Louise Curtis,,,2024-01-14T16:53:28Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6149,White Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence during the Russian Civil War,Journal article,https://carlbeckpapers.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/cbp/article/view/65,"The activity of various intelligence and security institutions during the Russian Civil War is a complex and understudied topic. It is difficult to fmd any other period in modem Russian history before 1992, in which so many independent or autonomous authorities engaged in espionage and counter-intelligence. The Red and White Armies each organized and operated large counter-intelligence operations during the civil war. Yet the history of intelligence and counter-intelligence during the Russian Civil War has not yet been written. For many years, Soviet historians were not interested in presenting or allowed to present a balanced evaluation picture of such White activities. A favorite subject in novels and movies was the victory of honest and gentle ""Chekists"" over ""White bandits,"" who never even came close to victory. Since the opening of the relevant archives, other issues and interests have taken priority causing this topic to remain under-researched.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GXMGPCTF,1995,Viktor Bortnevski,,The Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies,2024-01-14T16:51:36Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.5195/cbp.1995.65,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2169533964,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2169533964,2023.0,2024.0,1995.0,https://doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1995.65,28.0 6150,The Soviet Estimate: U.S. Intelligence Analysis & Russian Military Strength,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Soviet_Estimate.html?id=GykeMQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PY3HC5MU,1982,John Prados,Dial Press,,2024-01-14T16:50:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6151,"Russian Military Intelligence in the War with Japan, 1904-05: Secret Operations on Land and at Sea",Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203963043/russian-military-intelligence-war-japan-1904-05-evgeny-sergeev,"Examining Russian military intelligence in the war with Japan of 1904-05, this book, based on newly-accessible documents from the tsarist era military, naval and diplomatic archives, gives an overview of the origins, structure and performance of Russian military intelligence in the Far East at the turn of the twentieth century, investigating developments in strategic and tactical military espionage, as well as combat renaissance. It provides a comprehensive reappraisal of the role of military intelligence in the years immediately preceding the First World War, by comparing the Russian military secret services to those of the other great powers, including Britain, Germany, France and Japan.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ME2Y39GF,2007-04-23,Evgeny Sergeev,Routledge,,2024-01-14T16:48:33Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.4324/9780203963043,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4249038172,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4249038172,2014.0,2026.0,2007.0,,7.0 6152,Intelligence Aspects of the 2008 Conflict Between Russia and Georgia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13518040802695225,"This article discusses the status and recent evolution of Georgian intelligence agencies, and in particular how well they have performed with respect to the Russian challenge since President Saakashvili assumed power in 2004. The article also discusses Georgian intelligence with respect to its international engagement, and recommends options for NATO that would assist Georgia in reforming and professionalizing its intelligence agencies along the lines of advanced or more mature democracies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/88VIRLQH,2009-03-04,"Stéphane Lefebvre, Roger N. McDermott",Routledge,The Journal of Slavic Military Studies,2024-01-14T16:47:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/13518040802695225,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2038055142,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2038055142,2012.0,2025.0,2009.0,,3.0 6153,"Russian Military Intelligence, July 1914: What St. Petersburg Perceived and Why It Mattered",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12065,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/83R3AHMY,2015-06-01,Bruce Menning,Routledge,The Historian,2024-01-14T15:03:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1111/hisn.12065,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1558885331,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1558885331,2015.0,2018.0,2015.0,,0.0 6154,Russian and Soviet Cryptology I — Some Communications In℡ligence in Tsarist Russia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611190008984244,"Russian communications intelligence has a long history. Although originally focused on supporting the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it subsequently expanded to include at least the Ministry of Internal Affairs as well as the Army and the Navy. Navy comint in the Baltic Sea area, in fact, was so thoroughly developed in World War I that operations undertaken by the Baltic Sea Fleet were almost always successful. A large part of the credit goes to A. I. Nepenin as chief of the Baltic Sea Fleet Communications and Intelligence Service. *Reprinted from CRYPTOLOG (of the National Security Agency), January 1984, pp. 1–12.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VTYSEBR7,2000-01-01,Thomas R. Hammant,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-01-14T15:02:43Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/01611190008984244,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2069352819,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2069352819,2015.0,2022.0,2000.0,,15.0 6155,Russia and the Intelligence Services of Central Asia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701648678,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RDNF3TB8,2008-02-13,"Stéphane Lefebvre, Roger N. McDermott",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-14T15:01:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850600701648678,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044536003,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044536003,2014.0,2025.0,2008.0,,6.0 6156,1812: Russian Intelligence in Paris (According to French Archive Documents)1,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2018.1415268,"This article is devoted to the intelligence activities of the Russian Embassy in Paris on the eve of and at the beginning of the war between Russia and France in 1812. The author has introduced into scholarly circulation a large set of unpublished documents stored in France’s National Archives and the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and has come to the following conclusions. On the eve of and beginning of the War of 1812 the Russian Embassy in Paris, led by the ‘brilliant’ Prince A. B. Kurakin, played a very important role in the plan for Petersburg to obtain valuable information about the plans and operations of the adversary. Contrary to previous impressions, when the prince was depicted as a kind of ‘dummy’ or, in the best case, a ‘cover’ figure, convincing facts contained in French archive documents add a truly dramatic nuance to this historical personage. Possessing a political flair and extensive connections in Europe and the United States, Kurakin was able to quickly and precisely understand the true meaning of Napoleon’s actions and words and to inform Petersburg about this in a timely fashion. The Russian Embassy in Paris was the main center for the collection and analysis of varied information that attested to the French leadership’s sequential preparations for war against Russia. Despite the widespread opinion about the key role of Colonel A. I. Chernyshev in obtaining secret information about Napoleon’s war machine, the true ‘resident’ in Paris was, nevertheless, Kurakin. Moreover, Chernyshev’s ill-conceived and reckless actions threatened the embassy’s fulfillment of its intelligence functions. However, despite the emergence of serious problems associated with the disclosure of the ‘Chernyshev-Michel group’, Kurakin continued to actively collect intelligence about both Napoleon’s actions and plans and the domestic situation in France itself. Under conditions of the commencement of war between the two powers and his actually being a hostage, the prince did not cease his efforts to collect information and find methods for delivering it to the Russian leadership.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DRCS9YQT,2018-01-02,Vladimir Zemtsov,Routledge,The Journal of Slavic Military Studies,2024-01-14T14:11:37Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/13518046.2018.1415268,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2794036005,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2794036005,2019.0,2019.0,2018.0,,1.0 6157,Russian Intelligence Activities in Canada: The Latest Case of an “Illegal”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13518040701703088,"This article discusses Russia's use of “illegals” for espionage purposes, using the recent Canadian case of one “Paul William Hampel.” Unmasked in November 2006, his case of was reminiscent another one a decade earlier which involved two Russians who also operated under false Canadian identities. Although we do not know how much of a role simple luck or poor Russian tradecraft played in Hampel's case, that Russia is still using Canada for espionage purposes should not come as a surprise. One of the few tools Russia has absent a strong economy and rejuvenated armed forces, is its intelligence apparatus. Hampel's case should serve as a warning to all well-established advanced democracies: espionage is as important today as it ever was in the pursuit of a state's national interests. *The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not reflect the official position of the government of Canada or any of its departments and agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XSBVUG4T,2007-12-07,Stéphane Lefebvre*,Routledge,The Journal of Slavic Military Studies,2024-01-14T14:09:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/13518040701703088,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002523486,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002523486,2023.0,2023.0,2007.0,,16.0 6158,Miscalculating one’s enemies: Russian intelligence prepares for war,Book chapter,https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789047411123/Bej.9789004154162.i-583_004.xml,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QEUG2CQ9,2007-01-01,Bruce W. Menning,Brill,,2024-01-14T14:07:43Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6159,Knowing Your Friends: Intelligence Inside Alliances and Coalitions from 1914 to the Cold War,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Knowing-Your-Friends-Intelligence-Inside-Alliances-and-Coalitions-from/Alexander/p/book/9780714644332,"Little attention has been paid to the murky, ultra-business of gathering intelligence among and forming estimates about friendly powers, and friendly or allied military forces. How rarely have scholars troubled to discover when states entered into coalitions or alliances mainly and explicitly because their intelligence evaluation of the potential partner concluded that making the alliance was, from the originator's national security interest, the best game in town. The twentieth century has been chosen to enhance the coherence of and connections between, the subject matter of this under-explored part of intelligence studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G2BYX26I,1998-05-01,Martin S. Alexander,Routledge,,2021-05-18T08:05:01Z,"['BHVIFBRH', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'DHLN8GE4', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6160,The heritage and future of the Russian intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850609808435371,No abstract!,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z6RLKX6Y,1998-06-01,Robert W. Pringle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-14T12:43:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850609808435371,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041723784,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041723784,2022.0,2025.0,1998.0,,24.0 6161,Sidelights on the Redl case: Russian intelligence on the eve of the great war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432029,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YXT7N4BB,1989-10-01,Harold C. Deutsch,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-14T13:15:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684528908432029,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2104138046,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2104138046,,,1989.0,, 6162,Russian intelligence and security services : an indicator of Democratic reform,Thesis,https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/13539,"Russia is nominally a democracy, but less than ten years ago it was a communist state. This thesis gauges the level of Russian democratic reform by analyzing the nature of its intelligence and security services. The autonomous and penetrative nature of the KGB clearly reflected the totalitarian nature of the Soviet Union. Now that Russia is a democracy, it follows that the current intelligence and security forces should be much less powerful than the KGB had been. Currently, the crises of regional militant nationalism, corruption, organized crime, and economic turmoil have allowed the services to retain a higher level of power than one would expect in a democratic state. Executive, legislative, and judicial oversight is dubious. Current laws allow the services to conduct penetrative investigations and surveillance. These same crises have created the conditions for a demoralized and underpaid security intelligence apparatus that is susceptible to corruption and freelancing. The conclusion of this thesis is that Russia's intelligence and security services are indeed less powerful than in the Soviet era, but they still are not appropriate for a liberal, democratic state. Russia still has not made the full transition to democracy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q27QZLU2,1999-06-01,Thomas C. Muldoon,,,2024-01-14T12:54:12Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Master's Thesis,Naval Postgraduate School,,,,,,,,, 6163,The New Russian Intelligence Empire,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.1995.11655644,"More than fifteen Russian agencies are now involved in intelligence tasks. Do these post-Soviet KGBs signify a new totalitarian system in the making, or the emergence of a novel and malignant form of pluralism?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VSAIGG4W,1995-11-01,James Sherr,Routledge,Problems of Post-Communism,2024-01-14T12:43:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/10758216.1995.11655644,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2566591040,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2566591040,,,1995.0,, 6164,"Displaced comrades: cold war rivalries, lies and spies among Sydney’s Russian émigrés",Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/jan/14/displaced-comrades-cold-war-rivalries-lies-and-spies-among-sydneys-russian-emigres,A new book reveals how two clubs on opposite sides of George Street – and the cold war – played a key role in Australia’s era of espionage,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RZ3CT8LI,2024-01-13T23:00:10.000Z,Kelly Burke,,The Guardian,2024-01-14T12:42:04Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6165,The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War,Book,https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/9781616080792/the-deceivers,"Secret Codes, ciphers, strategic misdirection, and more: Deception was one of the most powerful weapons utilized by the Allies in World War II. Here are all the amazing tricks and leaked misfortunes—many revealed for the first time—that helped lure the Axis powers into false, even dangerous, positions. The collection of incredible codes, surreptitious spies, and false battle plans is made all the more enjoyable by Thaddeus Holt’s masterful writing, as well as the accompanying photos. His novel-like storytelling includes many illuminating profiles of the war’s central figures and the roles they played in specific deceptive operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MV755SIN,2010-10-01,Thaddeus Holt,Skyhorse Publishing,,2024-01-14T12:37:23Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6166,"Libra rising: Hitler, astrology and British intelligence, 1940–43 1",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600750653,"During the Second World War Nazi Germany presented British intelligence with two intellectual challenges: to acquire its tactical‘secrets’ and to comprehend the strategic ‘mysteries’ of its commanding elite. The former were hidden, but knowable through the miracles of Ultra. The latter – Hitler's strategic intentions – were by contrast virtually impenetrable. Consequently, between 1940 and 1943 British intelligence used the talents of an astrologer, Louis de Wohl, who claimed – wrongly – that Hitler's strategic plans were astrologically inspired. However, as de Wohl's star began to wane he was talent-spotted by the Special Operations Executive (SOE), which employed him to disseminate black propaganda. He consequently travelled to the United States where, in tandem with British Security Co-ordination, he undermined American confidence in the invincibility of Hitler through astrological prognostications. This article aims to demonstrate that although Britain had unprecedented access to Germany's tactical ‘secrets’, the ‘mysteries’ of Hitler's strategic mind-set remained just that.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EAJFQ6KQ,2006-06-01,P. R.J. Winter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T23:46:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520600750653,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074692168,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074692168,2014.0,2015.0,2006.0,,8.0 6167,"Interrupted journey: British intelligence and the arrest of Leon Trotskii, April 1917",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09546540008575715,"Leon Trotskii's brief stay in New York in early 1917, and his subsequent arrest in Canada returning to Russia have been the source of many rumours and accusations. Among these are that his arrest was the handiwork of British intelligence and/or persons in the Russian government, and that Trotskii himself was carrying millions of dollars supplied to him by American financier Jacob Schiff. Using British and Canadian documents and many other sources, this article examines the origins and validity of these and other charges. Among its findings is that Trotskii's arrest was the work of one branch of British intelligence, but his return to Russia was facilitated by another. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the same agency sought to recruit or manipulate Trotskii as an agent of influence in revolutionary Russia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QLYWN755,2000-06-01,Richard B. Spence,Routledge,Revolutionary Russia,2024-01-13T23:46:10Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/09546540008575715,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991425752,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991425752,,,2000.0,, 6168,"A Closed Book? British Intelligence and East Asia, 1945–1950",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2011.549719,"This article focuses on British intelligence in China, Japan, and Korea from the end of the Second World War to the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950. It seeks to ascertain whether the collection of secret intelligence and its subsequent interpretation provided an accurate picture of Soviet and local communist intentions in East Asia. Since the war against Japan began, the region was largely an American responsibility and remained so after 1945 when they occupied Japan, Korea below the 38th parallel, and sent forces to China. Much of the intelligence effort for East Asia also devolved upon the Americans. Yet, the British retained an intelligence interest there not least because of their extensive commercial assets in China and the region's proximity to Britain's imperial position in Southeast Asia. That interest gathered pace after growing Communist threats inside China and Korea. However, the available intelligence resources for the Far East as a whole were scarce, making it difficult to piece together a clear picture of fast moving events in East Asia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4ZBNAFZM,2011-03-15,Christopher Baxter,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2024-01-13T23:45:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/09592296.2011.549719,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2027694666,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2027694666,2017.0,2017.0,2011.0,,6.0 6169,"British intelligence and the Anglo-Irish truce, July–December 1921",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/irish-historical-studies/article/abs/british-intelligence-and-the-angloirish-truce-julydecember-1921/AA5CD287B7D7EBF52A8869BC91724464,"Conspiracy theories have always accompanied the shadowy and ambiguous interventions of British intelligence in Irish affairs. Commentators in Ireland often accuse British intelligence and security agencies of being stubbornly hostile to Irish nationalist aspirations and inclined to oppose, and even sabotage, official British peace initiatives This attitude has a long heritage and can be traced back to the Anglo-Irish treaty negotiations in 1921. There was a widespread belief in Irish nationalist circles that intelligence officers were exercising a baleful influence on British politicians: at one point during the negotiations Michael Collins angrily brandished a warlike British military intelligence document that had fallen into his hands and claimed that the army was working to destroy the truce.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UPL6JHGD,2007-11-01,Paul McMahon,Cambridge University Press,Irish Historical Studies,2024-01-13T23:44:57Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1017/S0021121400005149,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2323165921,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2323165921,2016.0,2016.0,2007.0,,9.0 6170,"Planning for an Unpredictable War: British Intelligence Assessments and the War Against Japan, 1937–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0140239042000232800,"Britain's ability to develop a coordinated strategy during the Pacific War was hindered by two key factors. The first of these was the persistent difficulties involved in predicting Japanese war plans, which meant that British strategy had to develop on an ad hoc basis. Second, British strengths in the Far Eastern theaters were consistently limited by more pressing commitments arising from the war against Germany, thereby requiring Britain to cope with its Japanese adversary by employing its scarce resources in an economical manner. The intelligence pointing to the unpredictability of Japan's strategy and the disparity between the opposing forces in the Far East, in turn, played a crucial role in shaping the evolution of a strategy that was within Britain's capacity to implement.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L43JK6Q3,2004-03-01,Douglas Ford,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2024-01-13T19:12:11Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/0140239042000232800,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988756433,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988756433,2017.0,2019.0,2004.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/1234/,13.0 6171,Soviet Films and British Intelligence in the 1930s: The Case of Kino Films and MI5,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199660865.003.0014,"This chapter, drawing on intelligence files declassified in 2006, considers the involvement of Britain’s Security Service, MI5, in monitoring the circulation of Soviet films in Britain in the 1930s, with particular reference to Kino Films. Kino was an organisation first established in Britain in 1933 as the film section of the Workers’ Theatre Movement, and distributed films ranging from the works of major Soviet directors to a variety of propagandistic news films. In 1931 MI5 assumed the lead responsibility for monitoring domestic political subversion. With the increasing circulation of communist agitational material through Britain, cultural institutions overtly sympathetic to the Soviet Union or suspected of covert links to communist organisations were subjected to MI5 surveillance. The chapter details how Kino operated as a key organization disseminating Soviet cinema through Britain in the 1930s, and how MI5 reacted to the use of cinema as a medium of pro-Soviet propaganda.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JXPUE95J,2013-09-26,James Smith,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-13T19:03:34Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Russia in Britain, 1880-1940: From Melodrama to Modernism",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6172,The ‘bomber gap’: British intelligence and an American delusion,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2016.1267006,"For most of the 1950s, manned aircraft were the prime nuclear bomb delivery method, and were therefore a vital metric for British and American intelligence when calculating the Soviet threat. Each community reached very different conclusions from the same raw intelligence, generating the ‘bomber gap’ myth in the US but not in the UK. The information available was inconclusive, so in order to understand it estimators had to rely on their assumptions, which were different. Contrasting scopes for parochial capitalisation drew their conclusions further apart. Contrary to orthodox accounts of this episode, Soviet deception did not play a central role.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/47HK8GEF,2017-11-10,Luke Benjamin Wells,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2024-01-13T19:03:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/01402390.2016.1267006,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2565967521,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2565967521,2021.0,2025.0,2016.0,,5.0 6173,British Intelligence and the Holocaust: Auschwitz and the Allies Re-examined,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/17504902.1999.11087083,"In 1981 Martin Gilbert published his influential work Auschwitz and the Allies, arguing that the West was unaware of the ‘true nature’ of Auschwitz Birkenau until 1944. In the light of recently released documents in the Public Record Office concerning contemporary British Government information on Auschwitz, this article highlights the need for a reassessment of Gilbert’s conclusions. The author contends that a definite and detailed picture of Auschwitz-Birkenau had been provided for the British Government from a variety of sources by December 1942.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3TJTFP2D,1999-06-01,Barbara Rogers,Routledge,The Journal of Holocaust Education,2024-01-13T19:00:56Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/17504902.1999.11087083,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2564078697,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2564078697,2014.0,2024.0,1999.0,,15.0 6174,"‘‘This Secret Town’: British Intelligence, the Special Relationship, and the Vietnam War’",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2016.1166445,"This article seeks to revise our understanding of Cold War intelligence as a practice. The conventional view is that Britain's MI6 waged a battle in the shadows consisting of espionage and covert action. However, a number of MI6 officers operated as observers, conducting what we might call ‘intelligence without espionage’. The dual identity of these officers raises important questions about how intelligence operated in the blurred space between traditional diplomacy and human espionage using agents. Using the case of MI6 officers in the British Consulate-General in Hanoi between 1965 and 1972, this article explores how a dual identity provided alternative means of acquiring intelligence within a highly secure state that exhibited remarkable paranoia about foreign spies. Furthermore, the United States lacked diplomatic representation in Hanoi and so the British Consulate provided a remarkable window for Western intelligence on the effect of ‘Operation Rolling Thunder’, Lyndon Johnson's escalating air campaign against North Vietnam. Both Johnson and Harold Wilson were avid readers of this material. Accordingly, in the context of the Cold War intelligence partnership between the UK and US, the consulate in Hanoi was an example of the ‘inverse’ special relationship, in which Britain enjoyed unique value.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QW924HAU,2017-03-15,Nikita Wolf,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-01-13T19:00:21Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/07075332.2016.1166445,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2380852321,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2380852321,2017.0,2026.0,2016.0,,1.0 6175,"De Gaulle, Colonel Passy and British Intelligence, 1940–42",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520308559245,"De Gaulle's relationship with his secret intelligence and subversive services, the Bureau central de renseignements et d'action (BCRA) headed by Colonel Passy, as well as with British intelligence is examined in the light of the now declassified archives of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the BCRA. These archives reveal that de Gaulle failed to interest himself seriously in secret intelligence or subversion before the arrival of Jean Moulin in London in October 1941. De Gaulle's subsequent relationship with the BCRA and British intelligence was defined by an obsessive need for political control, which only served to compromise the BCRA's otherwise successful collaboration with British intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SJMC4KKL,2003-01-01,David De Young De La Marck,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T18:59:29Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520308559245,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051027296,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051027296,2012.0,2018.0,2003.0,,9.0 6176,Documenting the Differences Between American and British Intelligence Reports,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600601080006,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WZ34QFBN,2007-08-20,Lawrence J. Lamanna,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-13T18:54:04Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850600601080006,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032575849,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032575849,2020.0,2020.0,2007.0,,13.0 6177,British Intelligence on Japanese Army Morale During the Pacific War: Logical Analysis or Racial Stereotyping?,Journal article,https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/29/article/180978,", The British army's image of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) during the Pacific War (1941-45) was shaped by a logical analysis of the intelligence obtained through combat experience. Early in the war, the Japanese soldier's exceptional level of morale played a crucial role in enabling the IJA to oust the Allies from Southeast Asia. By late 1944, the British concluded that when the Japanese were being pushed back on all fronts their fighting spirit was prone to deteriorate when faced with setbacks and prolonged hardships on the battlefield, thus significantly damaging the IJA's capabilities. British appreciations were based not on preconceived notions, but on a judicious analysis of the relevant information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S7QH6MAB,2005,Douglas Ford,Society for Military History,The Journal of Military History,2024-01-13T18:52:58Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6178,Britain's Secret Intelligence Service in Asia During the Second World War,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/abs/britains-secret-intelligence-service-in-asia-during-the-second-world-war/06B925FA32A95934CF1582E5DB0BC2A8,"The past twenty years have seen the rapid growth of a new branch of international history, the serious academic study of secret services or ‘intelligence history’ with its attendant specialist conferences and journals. Two main causes for this development can be identified. The first was conceptual, namely the increasing recognition that the study of international history was greatly impoverished by the reluctance of academic historians to address a subject which appeared capable of shedding considerable light upon the conduct of international affairs. Two leading historians underlined this during 1982 in a path-breaking collection of essays on the subject, suggesting that intelligence was the ‘missing dimension’ of most international history. The second development was a more practical one, the introduction of the Thirty Year Rule during the 1970s, bringing with it an avalanche of new documentation, which, within a few years, was recognized as containing a great deal of intelligence material. In the 1980s historians had begun to turn their attention in increasing numbers to the intelligence history of the mid-twentieth century. They were further assisted in their endeavours by the appearance of the first volumes of the official history of British Intelligence in the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IVTMHAE5,1998-02-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Cambridge University Press,Modern Asian Studies,2024-01-13T18:51:56Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1017/S0026749X9800290X,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2122566686,45.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2122566686,2013.0,2026.0,1998.0,,15.0 6179,"MOSCOW'S INTERWAR INFILTRATION OF BRITISH INTELLIGENCE, 1919–1929",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/moscows-interwar-infiltration-of-british-intelligence-19191929/70C190A14174559D1D372979F654A01A,"The celebrated ‘Cambridge five’ have hitherto been believed to be the first long-term communist penetration agents in HM government, beginning with Donald Maclean in 1935. However, new research indicates that by 1919 another Cambridge man – like four of the ‘five’, a Trinity graduate – had already begun working for Moscow. This article is the first to examine how William Norman Ewer, known as ‘Trilby’ to his co-conspirators, organized networks in Great Britain and France to target the governments of those two powers. Under close Soviet supervision, Ewer's subordinates infiltrated half-a-dozen Whitehall departments, foremost among them Scotland Yard. Operating under the aegis of the home office, the Yard was a vital cog in the machinery of government set up to combat the ‘red menace’ in this country immediately after the First World War. By compromising the lead agency tasked with fighting them, the Bolsheviks thus created the requisite conditions for the metastasis in Great Britain of Soviet espionage in the 1920s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5K9Z2IYR,2003-12-01,Victor Madeira,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2024-01-13T18:51:20Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1017/S0018246X03003352,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2113861892,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2113861892,2012.0,2012.0,2003.0,,9.0 6180,"Constructing an image: British intelligence and Whitehall's perception of Japan, 1931–1939",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432369,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CI5U67CY,1996-07-01,Antony Best,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T18:36:51Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529608432369,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2002997279,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2002997279,2023.0,2023.0,1996.0,,27.0 6181,The role of British intelligence in the mythologies underpinning the OSS and early CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432600,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IQZIEB7C,2000-06-01,Rhodri Jeffreys‐Jones,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T14:03:00Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684520008432600,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2078455173,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078455173,2012.0,2022.0,2000.0,,12.0 6182,British intelligence in the twentieth century,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520412331306380,"SIR STEPHEN LANDER, the Director-General of the Security Service, describes his Service's approach to the management of its archives which is based on its obligations under the 1958 Public Record Act. In this article, he indicates the quantity and type of records held by the Service and, illustrating with some examples, explains his Service's current file retention and release policies. The systematic programme of file releases to the Public Records Office, begun by the Security Service in 1997, has resulted in a considerable amount of intelligence archive material being placed in the public domain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YMRL7Q6X,2002-03-01,Stephen Lander,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T14:02:09Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520412331306380,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997290428,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997290428,2018.0,2018.0,2002.0,,16.0 6183,British Intelligence and the Mandate of Palestine: Threats to British National Security Immediately After the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802293049,"Recently declassified Security Service (MI5) records reveal, for the first time, the full extent of the threat that Zionist terrorism posed to British national security immediately after the Second World War. It is well established within the historical literature that after 1945 Britain faced violent campaigns by Jewish terrorist groups in the Mandate of Palestine. Hitherto unacknowledged in the historiography, however, is the fact that the threat of Zionist terrorism extended from Palestine to Britain itself. This article studies the nature of the threat posed by Zionist terrorism within Britain after 1945, and explores the counter-terrorist measures that MI5 devised to meet it. Overall, as this article shows, MI5's concerns with Zionist terrorism after 1945 offer a striking new interpretation of the history of the early Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CQYQXSPZ,2008-08-01,Calder Walton,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T14:00:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684520802293049,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2131431535,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2131431535,2012.0,2025.0,2008.0,,4.0 6184,British intelligence and the mid‐eighteenth‐century crisis∗,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431887,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HBPDS67R,1987-04-01,Jeremy Black,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:59:44Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/02684528708431887,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979959698,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979959698,2019.0,2021.0,1987.0,,32.0 6185,The Liddell diaries and British intelligence history,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500427048,"This article discusses the wartime diaries of Guy Liddell of MI5. It argues that they are a crucial source for the study of wartime intelligence history, not only in respect of MI5 but also of other British secret agencies, particularly MI6 and SOE. Written in an accessible style, the diaries cast much new light on personalities, events, discussions and decisions both on operational matters and on questions of high policy, including relations with foreign intelligence services, debate on postwar intelligence priority and organization, and ministerial involvement in intelligence and security issues. In their breadth of coverage and information, their treatment of opinions and personalities, their abundance of detail and their fresh and unguarded prose, they are far more interesting, more accurate and more authoritative than either the various in-house MI5 section histories which have been opened to research in recent years, or the Hinsley Simkins volume of the official history of British intelligence. They are as significant a source for intelligence history as are the Cadogan diaries for the study of British foreign policy between 1939 and 1945. The article also points to inconsistencies in redaction throughout the diaries, and to other questions arising from the appearance of this crucial source.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F4TK6GS8,2005-12-01,Eunan O'Halpin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:59:20Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520500427048,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1997346504,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1997346504,2017.0,2020.0,2005.0,,12.0 6186,The Hidden War: British Intelligence Operations during the American Revolution,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/2938043,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4QX6FFCA,1990,Roger Kaplan,Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture,The William and Mary Quarterly,2024-01-13T13:58:22Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.2307/2938043,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2329786465,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2329786465,2013.0,2024.0,1990.0,,23.0 6187,Still a Matter of Trust: Post–9/11 British Intelligence and Political Culture,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500177127,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KSKR8FSJ,2005-12-01,Mark Phythian,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-13T13:56:36Z,"['NWAKWPT7', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850600500177127,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2145664079,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2145664079,2013.0,2025.0,2005.0,,8.0 6188,British Intelligence Failures in Iraq,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2011.580604,"This article looks at specific instances of how the United Kingdom's strategic culture dealt with two specific perceived security challenges – Afghanistan as the home of terrorism and Iraq as the supposed possessor of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) – and how the UK's cultural background both determined and misled those involved in the intelligence cycle. These were not new problems – the UK intelligence community had been aware of the potential for cultural bias for decades but repeatedly failed to learn the appropriate lessons. In the case of Iraq these endemic problems led to failures at all four stages of the traditional intelligence cycle – requirement-setting, collection, assessment and dissemination. The overall result was a loss of public confidence in intelligence which may have lessened its overall influence in the wider strategic culture for many years. However, the main blame attaches to the politicians who misused and abused intelligence to justify their purely political decisions to undertake aggression against a sovereign state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H8PX483R,2011-08-01,John N.L. Morrison,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:56:12Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2011.580604,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2023431765,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2023431765,2014.0,2026.0,2011.0,,3.0 6189,Vladimir Petrov: A Reappraisal,Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ajph.12943,"During the Cold War, defectors from the Russian Intelligence Services to the West were of critical importance. They exposed and neutralised hundreds of Soviet agents who had penetrated government departments and democratic institutions. Stretching from Anatoli Granovsky in 1946 to Oleg Gordievsky in 1985, these Soviet defectors were highly prized for the intelligence they provided to security services. Ranked amongst the most valuable at the time was Vladimir Mikhailovich Petrov, who defected in Sydney in 1954. Yet he, almost alone, has overwhelmingly been cast by commentators and historians as lazy, inefficient, and incompetent. This article will offer an alternative interpretation of Petrov. My argument has three prongs. First, Petrov's contact with Russian individuals and pro-Soviet political organisations in Australia was far more extensive than generally assumed. Second, contrary to the historiographical consensus, he withheld intelligence about his contacts and informants from his security service debriefers. Third, rather than Petrov seeing espionage as too dangerous, as suggested, he was a committed and active Soviet intelligence cadre. By reappraising Petrov, the article seeks to provide a fresh understanding of this key episode, the Petrov Affair, in Australia's Cold War history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MZJYWBGY,2024-01-08,Phillip Deery,,Australian Journal of Politics & History,2024-01-13T13:49:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1111/ajph.12943,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390686984,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ajph.12943, 6190,"Intelligence, policy, and the war in Iraq",Book chapter,https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526130969/9781526130969.00022.xml,"The most serious problem with US intelligence is that its relationship with the policymaking process is broken and badly needs repair. Public discussion of prewar intelligence on Iraq has focused on the errors made in assessing Saddam Hussein's unconventional weapons programs. The intelligence community limits its judgments to what is happening or what might happen overseas, avoiding policy judgments about what the United States should do in response. The George H. W. Bush administration deviated from the professional standard not only in using policy to drive intelligence, but also in aggressively using intelligence to win public support for its decision to go to war. In its report on prewar intelligence concerning Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD), the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence said it found no evidence that analysts had altered or shaped their judgments in response to political pressure.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C85GEI7X,2018/07/30,Paul R. Pillar,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-13T13:32:54Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6191,"Flawed intelligence, limited oversight: Official inquiries into prewar UK intelligence on Iraq",Book chapter,https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526130969/9781526130969.00019.xml,"This chapter considers both the reliability of UK intelligence on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs and explanations for flaws in it. It assesses the effectiveness of the different forms of inquiry held into intelligence on Iraqi WMD in providing a full explanation of how the UK came to go to war on what Robin Cook famously termed a ""false prospectus."" The chapter focuses on the inquiries conducted by: the Foreign Affairs Committee (FAC), the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC), and the British government (the Butler Report). In its investigation, the ISC sought, ""to examine whether the available intelligence, which informed the decision to invade Iraq, was adequate and properly assessed and whether it was accurately reflected in Government publications."" The most thorough and revealing inquiry into the intelligence underpinning the UK government's case for war was that headed by Lord Butler.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UETY3WY5,2018/07/30,Mark Phythian,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-13T13:31:48Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6192,"Congress, the Iraq war, and the failures of intelligence oversight",Book chapter,https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526130969/9781526130969.00018.xml,"This chapter examines the erroneous US intelligence prediction regarding the likely presence of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) in Iraq in 2002. It also examines why lawmakers in Washington, D.C., failed to question these estimates more thoroughly before they led the nation into war in the Persian Gulf the following year. It provides a sense of the many potential pitfalls in the conduct of intelligence that make some degree of failure inevitable. A useful analytic construct for understanding the hazards of intelligence is the so-called intelligence cycle, which traces how America's secret agencies gather, interpret, and disseminate information. The chapter suggests that members of Congress have displayed a range of responses to the call for greater intelligence accountability. One of the main catalysts for motility has been a sense of injured institutional pride, when lawmakers perceive that intelligence officials have failed to treat Congress with appropriate respect.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KGKS46U3,2018/07/30,Loch K. Johnson,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-13T13:30:43Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6193,The politics and psychology of intelligence and intelligence reform,Book chapter,https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526130969/9781526130969.00017.xml,Policymakers say they need and want very good intelligence. Decisionmakers might be better off if they understood the limitations of intelligence but this would place them under intolerable psychological and political pressures. One reason for the intelligence errors about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs is that the US believed that Iraq had an extensive denial and deception program. This explained why the US was seeing only scattered signs of the program. Designing policies that are likely to succeed if the intelligence is good but that will not fail disastrously if it is not is difficult. The main change to come in the aftermath of 9/11 is the establishment of a Director of National Intelligence (DNI) with significant powers over the entire intelligence community.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P9BHCVWV,2018/07/30,Robert Jervis,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-13T13:29:05Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6194,Intelligence collection and analysis on Iraq: Issues for the intelligence community,Book chapter,https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526130969/9781526130969.00016.xml,"The intelligence community's uneven performance on Iraq from 2002 to 2004 raised significant questions concerning the condition of intelligence collection, analysis, and policy support. The central focus of national intelligence reporting and analysis prior to the war was the extent of the Iraqi programs for developing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The Iraqis took pains to carefully hide their WMD programs. The Iraqis had learned well about US intelligence during more than 10 years of confrontation and war. No single act of omission or commission accounts for the inconsistent analytic performance of the intelligence community with regard to Iraq. It appears to be the result of decisions made, and not made, since the fall of the Soviet Union, which had an impact on the analytical environment analogous to the effect of the meteor strikes on the dinosaurs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6EQCBJBR,2018/07/30,"Richard Kerr, Thomas Wolfe, Rebecca Donegan, Aris Pappas",Manchester University Press,,2024-01-13T13:27:53Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6195,Australian use of intelligence and the case for war in Iraq,Book chapter,https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526130969/9781526130969.00013.xml,"On November 8, 2001, just days before the federal election, Prime Minister John Howard was making the customary leader's appearance at the National Press Club. This chapter exposes dilemmas about the role of intelligence in democratic politics, one that was to become a major issue in Howard's next term of government as he committed Australia to go to war against Iraq. Intelligence agencies had done much to dispel the suspicions and criticisms occasioned by the partisan conflicts in which they had sometimes been embroiled during the Cold War, and especially during the long period of conservative rule. As the long countdown to the Iraq war began, Australia's intelligence apparatus seemed to be stable and harmonious, and more professional than it had ever been, but there were undercurrents of tension.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8QQLAH2K,2018/07/30,Rodney Tiffen,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-13T13:26:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6196,"Decisionmaking, intelligence, and the Iraq war",Book chapter,https://www.manchesterhive.com/display/9781526130969/9781526130969.00021.xml,"This chapter begins with an account of the run-up to the war in Iraq. It presents a critique of the national security decisionmaking process that led up to the war. President George H. W. Bush was aware of disagreements with his seeming intention to go to war, but most of these came from outside the administration. The chapter explains the role of intelligence and how it was used before the war. The administration was so convinced that Iraq was an imminent threat to the United States that it attempted to use the intelligence process to bolster its case for war. Intelligence may also have been politicized by pressure placed upon intelligence analysts to arrive at the conclusions favored by political levels of the Bush administration. The chapter also presents some lessons that might be learned about presidential decision making about going to war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VRG6EF6W,2018/07/30,James P. Pfiffner,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-13T13:25:36Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6197,"Eisenhower, the Intelligence Community, and the D-Day Invasion",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/4635547,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/53JJLQKL,1981,Stephen E. Ambrose,Wisconsin Historical Society,The Wisconsin Magazine of History,2024-01-13T13:23:46Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6198,In the Eye of the Beholder: How Leaders and Intelligence Communities Assess the Intentions of Adversaries,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00128,"How do policymakers infer the long-term political intentions of their states' adversaries? A new approach to answering this question, the “selective attention thesis,” posits that individual perceptual biases and organizational interests and practices influence which types of indicators a state's political leaders and its intelligence community regard as credible signals of an adversary's intentions. Policymakers often base their interpretations on their own theories, expectations, and needs, sometimes ignoring costly signals and paying more attention to information that, though less costly, is more vivid (i.e., personalized and emotionally involving). In contrast, intelligence organizations typically prioritize the collection and analysis of data on the adversary's military inventory. Over time, these organizations develop substantial knowledge on these material indicators that they then use to make predictions about an adversary's intentions. An examination of three cases based on 30,000 archival documents and intelligence reports shows strong support for the selective attention thesis and mixed support for two other approaches in international relations theory aimed at understanding how observers are likely to infer adversaries' political intentions: the behavior thesis and the capabilities thesis. The three cases are assessments by President Jimmy Carter and officials in his administration of Soviet intentions during the collapse of détente; assessments by President Ronald Reagan and administration officials of Soviet intentions during the end of the Cold War; and British assessments of Nazi Germany before World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I9D8R5XN,2013-07-01,Keren Yarhi-Milo,,International Security,2024-01-13T13:23:14Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'D67KFVND']",10.1162/ISEC_a_00128,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2078717741,118.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078717741,2014.0,2026.0,2013.0,https://direct.mit.edu/isec/article-pdf/38/1/7/1843500/isec_a_00128.pdf,1.0 6199,Allied Intelligence Handbook to the German Army 1939–45,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/allied-intelligence-handbook-to-the-german-army-193945-9781844864263/,"What did the British or American soldier know about the German Army? Was this knowledge accurate - and just how did he know it? There have been several 'handbooks' of Second World War armies, but they never tell us exactly what the Allied soldier knew at the time, or how he was informed. This is of importance because it influenced both conduct on the battlefield, and the way in which the soldier thought about his enemy. The book explains the background history of the organisations involved, followed by short chapters based around a series of original documents. This puts the original into context and also discusses whether the document that follows was correct in the picture it painted, and what can be deduced about sources and the concerns of the intelligence officers who compiled the material. Most of the documents were produced at the time, by the British War Office or US War Department, and cover different aspects of the German Army, including tactics, weapons, and uniforms. Subjects include: Allied intelligence on the German Army from 1930 onwards, British SIS / MI6 and US Military Intelligence. The organisations responsible, how they worked, and how they changed very rapidly with the coming of war. The role of technology, modern – like the radio transmitter, ancient – as in scouring libraries and periodicals, reports on military manoeuvres and parades. Limitations of 'Ultra' The German army itself, from the tiny force left after Versailles, to the rapid expansion in the late 1930s. Innovation in tanks, tactics, machine guns, rocket weaponry. The problems of gathering intelligence, not just danger, but finance, asking the right questions and the limitations of reporting and distribution.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PJLEKUIG,2017-04-06,Stephen Bull,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-13T13:21:42Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6200,French intelligence culture: A historical and political perspective,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529508432314,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NINUKXMI,1995-7-1,Douglas Porch,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:21:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.1080/02684529508432314,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2146760814,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2146760814,2017.0,2025.0,1995.0,,22.0 6201,Using Economic Intelligence to Achieve Regional Security Objectives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854201,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/47C54CZY,2008-02-13,Jeffrey Owen Herzog,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-13T13:20:02Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850600701854201,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2035764985,11.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2035764985,2014.0,2022.0,2008.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850600701854201?needAccess=true,6.0 6202,Intelligence cooperation in the post‐cold war era: A new game plan?,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850609108435194,"(1991). Intelligence cooperation in the post‐cold war era: A new game plan? International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 455-465.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4LFBI3XZ,1991-12-1,Arthur S. Hulnick,Taylor and Francis,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-13T13:19:16Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/08850609108435194,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2063191123,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063191123,2016.0,2020.0,1991.0,,25.0 6203,Signal intelligence and World War II: The unfolding story,Journal article,https://www.proquest.com/docview/195637523/abstract/A488158BB1AC4618PQ/1,"In the US, the intense interest in intelligence history started with the revelation of the break into the Japanese diplomatic cipher Purple.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DZPV9AVJ,1999-10-01,Jurgen Rohwer,Society for Military History,The Journal of Military History,2024-01-13T13:18:22Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6204,"Clemenceau, Caillaux and the political use of intelligence",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529408432262,"(1994). Clemenceau, Caillaux and the political use of intelligence. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 472-494.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3857UZTY,1994-7-1,D. L. L. Parry,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:17:54Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684529408432262,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2072025383,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2072025383,,,1994.0,, 6205,"Foreign Intelligence Liaison: Devils, Deals, and Details",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600500483657,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FN4L9T8V,2006-05-01,Jennifer E. Sims,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-13T13:17:13Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850600500483657,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2040943011,60.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040943011,2012.0,2026.0,2006.0,,6.0 6206,The intelligence services in the Second World War,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13619469908581563,"(1999). The intelligence services in the Second World War. Contemporary British History: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 130-169.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/56AXRL9X,1999-12-1,"Christopher Andrew, Richard J. Aldrich",Taylor and Francis,Contemporary British History,2024-01-13T13:16:27Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/13619469908581563,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991985914,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991985914,2012.0,2022.0,1999.0,,13.0 6207,"America's Strategic Blunders: Intelligence Analysis and National Security Policy, 1936–1991",Book,https://www.psupress.org/books/titles/0-271-02066-0.html,"This survey of more than fifty years of national security policy juxtaposes declassified U. S. national intelligence estimates with recently released Soviet documents disclosing the views of Soviet leaders and their Communist allies on the same events. Matthias shows that U. S. intelligence estimates were usually correct but that our political and military leaders generally ignored them—with sometimes disastrous results. The book begins with a look back at the role of U. S. intelligence during World War II, from Pearl Harbor through the plot against Hitler and the D-day invasion to the ""unconditional surrender"" of Japan, and reveals how better use of the intelligence available could have saved many lives and shortened the war. The following chapters dealing with the Cold War disclose what information and advice U. S. intelligence analysts passed on to policy makers, and also what sometimes bitter policy debates occurred within the Communist camp, concerning Vietnam, the Bay of Pigs, the Cuban missile crisis, the turmoil in Eastern Europe, the Six-Day and Yom Kippur wars in the Middle East, and the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. In many ways, this is a story of missed opportunities the U. S. government had to conduct a more responsible foreign policy that could have avoided large losses of life and massive expenditures on arms buildups. While not exonerating the CIA for its own mistakes, Matthias casts new light on the contributions that objective intelligence analysis did make during the Cold War and speculates on what might have happened if that analysis and advice had been heeded.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IDHDESYE,2001-01-01,Willard C. Matthias,The Pennsylvania State University Press,,2024-01-13T13:14:32Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6208,Spying on Ireland: British Intelligence and Irish Neutrality during the Second World War,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/spying-on-ireland-9780199253296,"Irish neutrality during the Second World War presented Britain with significant challenges to its security. Exploring how British agencies identified and addressed these problems, this book reveals how Britain simultaneously planned sabotage in and spied on Ireland, and at times sought to damage the neutral state's reputation internationally through black propaganda operations. It analyses the extent of British knowledge of Axis and other diplomatic missions in Ireland, and shows the crucial role of diplomatic code-breaking in shaping British policy. The book also underlines just how much Ireland both interested and irritated Churchill throughout the war.Rather than viewing this as a uniquely Anglo-Irish experience, Eunan O'Halpin argues that British activities concerning Ireland should be placed in the wider context of intelligence and security problems that Britain faced in other neutral states, particularly Afghanistan and Persia. Taking a comparative approach, he illuminates how Britain dealt with challenges in these countries through a combination of diplomacy, covert gathering of intelligence, propaganda, and intimidation. The British perspective on issues in Ireland becomes far clearer when discussed in terms of similar problems Britain faced with neutral states worldwide.Drawing heavily on British and American intelligence records, many disclosed here for the first time, Eunan O'Halpin presents the first country study of British intelligence to describe and analyse the impact of all the secret agencies during the war. He casts fresh light on British activities in Ireland, and on the significance of both espionage and cooperation between intelligence agencies for developing wider relations between the two countries. , Irish neutrality during the Second World War presented Britain with significant challenges to its security. Exploring how British agencies identified and addressed these problems, this book reveals how Britain simultaneously planned sabotage in and spied on Ireland, and at times sought to damage the neutral state's reputation internationally through black propaganda operations. It analyses the extent of British knowledge of Axis and other diplomatic missions in Ireland, and shows the crucial role of diplomatic code-breaking in shaping British policy. The book also underlines just how much Ireland both interested and irritated Churchill throughout the war.Rather than viewing this as a uniquely Anglo-Irish experience, Eunan O'Halpin argues that British activities concerning Ireland should be placed in the wider context of intelligence and security problems that Britain faced in other neutral states, particularly Afghanistan and Persia. Taking a comparative approach, he illuminates how Britain dealt with challenges in these countries through a combination of diplomacy, covert gathering of intelligence, propaganda, and intimidation. The British perspective on issues in Ireland becomes far clearer when discussed in terms of similar problems Britain faced with neutral states worldwide.Drawing heavily on British and American intelligence records, many disclosed here for the first time, Eunan O'Halpin presents the first country study of British intelligence to describe and analyse the impact of all the secret agencies during the war. He casts fresh light on British activities in Ireland, and on the significance of both espionage and cooperation between intelligence agencies for developing wider relations between the two countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MLV9P3LN,2008-04-17,Eunan O'Halpin,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-13T13:12:55Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6209,Entering the Lists: MI5's great spy round-up of August 1914,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600568303,"One of the most famous successes of the British Security Service, popularly known as MI5, was its great spy round-up of August 1914. According to all previous histories, official and unofficial, Vernon Kell, the first head of MI5, masterminded the arrest of 21 out of the 22 German agents working in Britain, crippling the German intelligence network within hours of the outbreak of the First World War. The event is still celebrated by MI5, but a careful study of the recently-opened records shows it to be a complete fabrication. This article examines the six surviving lists of suspects to show how and why MI5 created and perpetuated this remarkable lie.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3IA4UST5,2006-02-01,Nicholas Hiley,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:12:15Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684520600568303,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2105461517,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2105461517,,,2006.0,, 6210,"‘Against the Grain’: Special Operations Executive in Spain, 1941–45",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520500059502,"This article surveys the activities of Special Operations Executive in Spain during the course of the Second World War. Under the constraints of a foreign policy that sought to gradually encourage the regime of General Francisco Franco to become more resolutely neutral rather than pro-Axis and ‘non-belligerent’, SOE nonetheless entered Spain with the hopes of developing a series of contacts with groups and individuals that could be turned into an active Resistance if Spain joined the Axis, or if Nazi Germany either invaded or occupied the Iberian Peninsula. Once the possibility of an Axis landing in Spain was decisively dismissed, SOE had to break away from its mandate to ‘set Europe ablaze’ and find a new role. In Spain, the successful development of SOE's intelligence gathering capabilities in the economic sphere, especially in the Allied campaign against German wolfram smuggling, provided the organization with a purpose that definitely went ‘against the grain’ when compared to activities in other regions and countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3PWWG3G5,2005-03-01,David A Messenger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:11:43Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520500059502,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1996554489,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1996554489,2016.0,2023.0,2005.0,,11.0 6211,"The Making of a Myth: The National Labor Alliance, Russian Émigrés, and Cold War Intelligence Activities",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/JCWS_a_00620,"This article examines the role of the National Labor Alliance (NTS), a far-right organization of Russian exiles, in U.S. intelligence operations during the early Cold War. Drawing on declassified archival documents and émigré sources, the article discusses how the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) used the NTS in covert operations to undermine Communism in Europe. Early operations to penetrate Soviet borders failed, as NTS members who were sent into the USSR were quickly rounded up amid suspicions of internal betrayal. Following Soviet attempts to kidnap and assassinate NTS leaders in Germany in 1954, the CIA adopted a new approach, using the émigré organization as a tool of political and psychological warfare. Borrowing political strategies used by the exiles themselves, the CIA promoted a false image of the NTS as a powerful underground organization in order to provoke the Soviet state into costly and destabilizing countermeasures against it. As a result, the NTS became a mythical organization, and the intelligence agencies of both superpowers sought to manipulate it to their advantage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VBPWWP72,2016-01-01,Benjamin Tromly,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2024-01-13T13:10:43Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1162/JCWS_a_00620,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2293734042,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2293734042,2018.0,2025.0,2016.0,,2.0 6212,"Sharing Secrets with Stalin: How the Allies Traded Intelligence, 1941-1945",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700608003,"Bestselling author Bradley Smith reveals the surprisingly rich exchange of wartime intelligence between the Anglo-American allies and the Soviet Union, as well as the procedures and politics that made such an exchange possible. Between the late 1930s and 1945, allied intelligence organizations expanded at an enormous rate in order to acquire the secret information their governments needed to win the war. But, as Smith demonstrates, the demand for intelligence far outpaced the ability of any one ally to produce it. For that reason, Washington, London, and Moscow were compelled to share some of their most sensitive secrets. Historians have long known about the close Anglo-American intelligence collaboration, but until now the Soviet connection has been largely unexplored. Smith contends that Cold War animosities helped keep this story from a public that might have found it hard to believe that such cooperation was ever possible. In fact, official denials—from such illustrious Cold Warriors as Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell and the CIA’s Sherman Kent—continued well into the late 1980s. Smith argues that, contrary to the official story, Soviet-American intelligence exchanges were both extensive and successful. He shows that East and West were not as hostile to each other during the war or as determined to march right off into the Cold War as many have suggested. Among other things, he provides convincing evidence that the U.S. Army gave the Soviets its highest-grade ULTRA intelligence in August 1945 to speed up the Soviet advances in the Far East. Based on interviews and enormous research in Anglo-American archives and despite limited access to tenaciously guarded Soviet documents, Smith’s book persuasively demonstrates how reluctant and suspicious allies, driven by the harsh realities of total war, finally set aside their ideological differences to work closely with people they neither trusted nor particularly liked.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TJBM5C5Q,1996-10-04,Bradley F. Smith,University Press of Kansas,,2024-01-13T13:05:11Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6213,"Hitler's opening gambit: Intelligence, encirclement, and the decision to Ally with Poland",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432554,"This article asks why the German Foreign Ministry supported Hitler's radical reconstruction of Germany's eastern policy. Already by the fall of 1933, Germany was turning to an alignment with Poland against Soviet Russia ‐ the reverse of Germany's decade‐long Rapallo policy. The author identifies three principal factors that influenced the conservative, typically anti‐Polish diplomats in the Foreign Ministry to support the scheme: fear of a Polish‐Soviet alliance hinted at by recurrent intelligence reports; internal pressure from army and state police officials; and the constraints of the international system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J3XQ28BR,1999-09-01,Zach Shore,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T13:03:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/02684529908432554,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2025754323,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 6214,CURRENT CHALLENGES AND TRENDS IN INTELLIGENCE,Journal article,https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gbd/issue/54274/736153,"After a thorough examination of current intelligence literature, a variety of national security documents and respected news outlets, I find several current challenges in intelligence under different areas. I classify current major challenges in intelligence into four groups. These are technological, financial, organizational, and political. Technological challenges are the most important ones because other challenges are either related to it or a result of it. These are the expansion of using meta-data, the expansion of social media, and cybersecurity. The second current challenge in intelligence is financial. It is mostly about the use of cryptocurrencies. The third challenge is organizational. These are the impact on information revolution on intelligence organizations and competition with non-intelligence organizations. The last current challenge in intelligence is political. Political challenges are populist nationalist movements, ISIS returnees, and expansion of hybrid warfare. Related to current challenges in intelligence and the global security environment, there are eight current trends in intelligence. Five of them are mostly related to technological challenges, while three of them are related to political challenges. The trends that are related to technological challenges in intelligence are the foundation of cyber intelligence divisions/agencies, the change in recruitment policies, the rising importance of the security of cyberinfrastructure, privatization of intelligence, and increasing role of open-source intelligence. The trends that are related to political challenges in intelligence are the increasing focus on right-wing groups, the elimination of ISIS returnees, and the increasing role of intelligence in hybrid warfare/covert operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KACX8XBE,2020-05-12,Ahmet Ateş,Jandarma ve Sahil Güvenlik Akademisi,Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi,2024-01-13T13:03:02Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.28956/gbd.736153,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3025487684,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3025487684,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1099787,1.0 6215,Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Vappala Balachandran,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291863,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VM4ABD82,2024-01-09,Dheeraj Paramesha Chaya,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T08:20:23Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2291863,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390777833,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2291863?needAccess=true, 6216,British Intelligence and the 1916 Mediation Mission of Colonel Edward M. House,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537123,"Colonel Edward M. House, the close personal confidant of American President Woodrow Wilson, disembarked in Great Britain in January 1916 on a mission to bring the First World War to a close under the auspices of American mediation. Although his mission, which culminated in a secret pact between the United States and Great Britain known as the House-Grey Memorandum, has been studied by several scholars, the involvement of British intelligence with respect to that mission has never received more than cursory attention. Through a careful analysis of the surviving documents, this article reconstructs British intelligence's activities with respect to House's mission, examines the countermeasures that House employed as he attempted to protect the secrecy of his negotiations, delineates the role played by different British intelligence agencies and assesses their response to their findings.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VHW9ZESI,2010-10-01,Daniel Larsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T01:09:47Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684527.2010.537123,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083037084,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083037084,2013.0,2023.0,2010.0,,3.0 6217,Educating Parliamentarians about Intelligence: The Role of the British Intelligence and Security Committee,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsn024,"In the wake of 9/11, the war in Iraq and the terrorist attacks in London, the Westminster parliament has become increasingly involved in the scrutiny of legislation and policy related to the use of intelligence. Yet until recently parliamentary scrutiny of intelligence in the UK was limited and uninformed. The creation of a parliamentary intelligence oversight committee in 1994 for the first time allowed for parliamentary scrutiny of the intelligence agencies. This article aims to assess whether parliament has begun to understand about intelligence since the establishment of the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC). It considers whether parliament and parliamentary committees in particular have a role to play in allowing parliamentarians to develop expertise in particular policy areas, and then questions whether the ISC has, through its membership and its published output, served to generate a wider parliamentary understanding of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2VMAM4N,2008-10-01,Andrew Defty,,Parliamentary Affairs,2024-01-13T01:08:38Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1093/pa/gsn024,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1978560804,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978560804,2013.0,2024.0,2008.0,,5.0 6218,"‘Joy Rides’?: British Intelligence and Propaganda in Russia, 1914–1917",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/joy-rides-british-intelligence-and-propaganda-in-russia-19141917/BA0990EC95115BA4C9A7CEF3FE1C967D,"The work of one member of the British intelligence mission in Russia was once described as ‘consist[ing] chiefly in passing little notes to other noodles of his calling all over the world to warn them of this or that innocent and bar their exit from or entry to all and sundry countries’. Others, even less charitable, characterized the intelligence mission and the war propaganda bureau as ‘joy rides’ and dismissed them entirely, discounting as worthless their efforts to promote closer understanding and coordination between Britain and her eastern ally.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X527IPAY,1981-12-01,Keith Neilson,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2024-01-13T01:04:43Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1017/S0018246X00008256,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061641429,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061641429,2014.0,2022.0,1981.0,,33.0 6219,The Irish War: The Hidden Conflict Between the IRA and British Intelligence,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Irish_War.html?id=azR_Rav_OMYC&redir_esc=y,"In The Irish War military veteran and historian Tony Geraghty reveals the sinister patterns of action and reaction in this generations-old domestic conflict. Drawing on public and covert sources, as well as interviews with members of British Intelligence, the security forces, and the Irish Republican Army, he brings to light the disturbing inner workings of an organized terrorist group and its military opposition.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NNDYQA4S,2000,Tony Geraghty,Johns Hopkins University Press,,2024-01-13T01:02:26Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6220,"British Intelligence and the Cyprus Insurgency, 1955–1959",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854474,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4XKNNTG9,2008-02-13,Panagiotis Dimitrakis,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-13T01:00:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850600701854474,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093272721,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093272721,2012.0,2024.0,2008.0,,4.0 6221,"British perceptions of the tactics of the German army, 1938–40",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529408432263,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WQE47BW5,1994-07-01,T. Harrison Place,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T00:58:10Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684529408432263,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2045897175,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2045897175,2019.0,2019.0,1994.0,,25.0 6222,The “Organisation Gehlen” as Pre-History of the Bundesnachrichtendienst,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2007.10555137,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EZYMEXJ3,2007-06-01,Hans-Henning Crome,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-01-13T00:56:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2007.10555137,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2250979535,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2250979535,2025.0,2025.0,2007.0,,18.0 6223,"Nazi Intelligence Operations in Non-Occupied Territories: Espionage Efforts in the United States, Britain, South America and Southern Africa",Book,https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/nazi-intelligence-operations-in-non-occupied-territories/,"Drawing heavily on recently declassified sources, this examination of German wartime intelligence services traces the logistical and strategic expansion of the Third Reich’s foreign covert operations in World War II. Beginning with the changes introduced to counteract institutional neglect, the author describes attempts to penetrate both neutral and adversarial nations outside territories occupied by the Wehrmacht. The Nazis created covert teams for counterintelligence and penetrating border defenses. Strategies were formed for assembling saboteur divisions in North and South America, while data were gathered on industrial installations to target. American fascist movements of the 1930s are discussed, along with Nazi sabotage missions in the United States and intelligence penetrations and domestic collusion in Latin America.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q6TCT7MN,2016-01-01,Christopher Vasey,McFarland,,2024-01-13T00:35:32Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6224,Foreign Intelligence and the Historiography of the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/152039704773254759,"Foreign intelligence played a number of important roles in the Cold War, but this topic has not received the scholarly attention it deserves. This survey article provides a broad overview of some of the new literature and documentation pertaining to Cold War era intelligence, as well as the key dimensions of the topic. Despite the continued obstacles posed by secrecy and the mixed reliability of sources, the publication of numerous memoirs and the release of a huge volume of fresh archival material in the post— Cold War era have opened new opportunities to study the role of intelligence in Cold War history. Scholars should explore not only the “micro level” of the problem (the impact of intelligence on specific events) but also the “macro level,” looking at the many ways that the Cold War as a whole (its origins, its course, and its outcome) was influenced, perhaps even shaped, by the intelligence agencies of the United States, the Soviet Union, and other key countries. It is also crucial to examine the unintended consequences of intelligence activities. Some interesting examples of “blowback” (effects that boomerang against the country that initiated them) have recently come to light from intelligence operations that the United States undertook against the Soviet Union. Only by understanding the complex nature of the role of intelligence during the Cold War will we be able to come to grips with the historiographic challenge that the topic poses.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DCJF3W23,2004-04-01,Raymond L. Garthoff,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2024-01-13T00:37:17Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1162/152039704773254759,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2164541263,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2164541263,2014.0,2024.0,2004.0,,10.0 6225,"Axis prisoners of war as sources for British military intelligence, 1939–42",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432543,"It was during the Second World War that the Allies developed a sophisticated intelligence system to harness information garnered from the hundreds of thousands of Axis captives taken during hostilities. Indeed, prior to 1942, many Allied field commanders displayed a healthy scepticism towards intelligence obtained from this source. Such suspicions were eventually overcome. This article examines British efforts during the formative period 1939–42 when an integrated infrastructure was painstakingly established to extract, collate and assess material obtained from Axis POWs. It not only examines the intelligence organisations which were established by each of the British armed services, but also analyses the variety of military and political information obtained and how it was interpreted and disseminated.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TS7F3TLL,1999-06-01,Kent Fedorowich,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T00:33:44Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529908432543,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2103448943,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2103448943,2015.0,2025.0,1999.0,,16.0 6226,"A Failure of Imagination (Intelligence, WMDs, and “Virtual Jihad”)",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100600564166,"Intelligence estimates based on models keyed to frequency and recency of past occurrences make people less secure even if they predict most harmful events. The U.S. presidential commission on WMDs, the 9/11 commission, and Spain's comisión 11-M have condemned the status quo mentality of the intelligence community, which they see as being preoccupied with today's “current operations” and tactical requirements, and inattentive to tomorrow's far-ranging problems and strategic solutions. But the overriding emphasis in these commissions' recommendations is on further vertically integrating intelligence collection, analysis, and operations. Such proposals to further centralize intelligence and unify command and control are not promising given recent transformations in Jihadist networks to a somewhat “leaderless resistance” in the wake of Al Qaeda's operational demise. To defeat terrorist networks requires grasping novel relations between an englobing messianic moral framework, the rootless intellectual and physical mobility of immigrant and diaspora communities, and the overarching conceptual, emotional, and logistical affordances of the Internet. Britain's WWII experience provides salutary lessons for thinking creatively with decentralized expertise and partially autonomous approaches.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5DUA67BL,2006-05-01,Scott Atran,Routledge,Studies in Conflict & Terrorism,2024-01-13T00:32:54Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/10576100600564166,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993958266,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993958266,2012.0,2025.0,2006.0,,6.0 6227,War crimes: The security and intelligence dimension,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432167,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z82C8RES,1992-07-01,Anthony Glees,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T00:32:26Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684529208432167,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969434088,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969434088,2019.0,2019.0,1992.0,,27.0 6228,‘Keeping the Swiss sweet’: Intelligence as a factor in British policy towards Switzerland during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529608432371,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DR7F5YVP,1996-07-01,Neville Wylie,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T00:29:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684529608432371,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026270057,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026270057,2019.0,2019.0,1996.0,,23.0 6229,Encyclopedia of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Encyclopedia-of-Intelligence-and-Counterintelligence/Carlisle/p/book/9780765680686,"From references to secret agents in The Art of War in 400 B.C.E. to the Bush administration's ongoing War on Terrorism, espionage has always been an essential part of state security policies. This illustrated encyclopedia traces the fascinating stories of spies, intelligence, and counterintelligence throughout history, both internationally and in the United States. Written specifically for students and general readers by scholars, former intelligence officers, and other experts, Encyclopedia of Intelligence and Counterintelligence provides a unique background perspective for viewing history and current events. In easy-to-understand, non-technical language, it explains how espionage works as a function of national policy; traces the roots of national security; profiles key intelligence leaders, agents, and double-agents; discusses intelligence concepts and techniques; and profiles the security organizations and intelligence history and policies of nations around the world. As a special feature, the set also includes forewords by former CIA Director Robert M. Gates and former KGB Major General Oleg Kalugin that help clarify the evolution of intelligence and counterintelligence and their crucial roles in world affairs today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UWM4GANE,2005-01-13,Rodney Carlisle,Routledge,,2024-01-13T00:28:31Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6230,Hitler's Intelligence Chief: Walter Schellenberg,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=n58KBgb8mz4C&printsec=copyright&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false,By a world renowned specialist in intelligence history. The best and definitive book on the subject.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5IILXSJF,2009-10-01,Reinhard Doerries,Enigma Books,,2024-01-13T00:27:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6231,Inside Germany's BND: The Federal Intelligence Service,Book,https://rosenpublishing.com/product/inside-germanys-bnd,"During the Cold War, the BND, West Germany's intelligence agency, did its job very well, keeping a close eye on East Germany and the Soviet Union. It even influenced America's young CIA. But then came scandals, security leaks, and accusations. The BND was in big trouble. While it has begun to re-create itself, whether the BND can regenerate into a top-notch intelligence agency remains to be seen.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PIZX46C7,2003-01-01,Katy Schiel,Rosen Publishing,,2024-01-13T00:24:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6232,A German Spy? New Evidence on Baron Louis von Horst,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2001.10555050,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KRWVAQHP,2001-12-01,Thomas Boghardt,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-01-13T00:23:35Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/16161262.2001.10555050,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1504679462,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1504679462,,,2001.0,, 6233,"Myth or Reality? The Red Hand and French Covert Action in Federal Germany during the Algerian War, 1956–61",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701770626,"During the Algerian war of independence (1954–62), Federal Germany became the theatre of a series of unexplained bombings and shootings that targeted Algerian nationalists and German arms dealers. At the time, these crimes were attributed to the Red Hand, a counter-terrorist organization or parallel secret service with a mission to defeat the enemies of l’Algérie française. This article argues that the attacks on West German territory were executed neither by vigilantes nor by renegade agents. Instead, they were carried out by the French foreign intelligence service SDECE with the full approval of the highest political authorities in Paris. Using the case of Federal Germany as an example, this article seeks to reveal how and why covert action – including state-sanctioned murder – became an integral and important part of the Algerian war, particularly of France's campaign to undermine the Algerian rebels' efforts to procure military and non-military supplies. The article will show that the Red Hand served merely as a cover to detract from the state's resort to such violent and criminal means.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DK3RVMAL,2007-12-01,Mathilde Von Bülow,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T00:22:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520701770626,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2150812261,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2150812261,2012.0,2025.0,2007.0,,5.0 6234,"Operation RÖSSELSPRUNG and The Elimination of Tito, May 25, 1944: A Failure in Planning and Intelligence Support",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13518040600697969,"Operation RÖSSELSPRUNG was a Second World War German operation, conducted in Bosnia, which aimed at eliminating the leadership of the Partisan movement, namely Marshal Josip-Broz Tito. It was a direct action raid, which involved an airborne (parachute and glider) assault by 500 SS Fallschirmjäger (Parachute) Battalion on the suspected site of Tito's Headquarters and a subsequent linkup with the German XV Mountain Corps converging from all directions. Operation RÖSSELSPRUNG failed due to mediocre intelligence support and inadequate tactical level planning. Intelligence shortfalls were rooted primarily in poor German inter-organization relations and cooperation, including the sharing of intelligence, which resulted in missed opportunities and a failure to pinpoint Tito's location with sufficient precision. Given the quality of intelligence provided, the plan for the airborne assault did not include sufficient flexibility for the execution of contingencies. There are three major conclusions from the failure of this operation that can be applied to contemporary operations of a similar nature. First, the degree of intelligence certainty is critical in determining both the size of the force and the extent of the objective area in a direct action raid. Second is the requirement for contingency planning, which provides commanders with flexibility once an operation has commenced to deal with the unexpected, and is especially vital in the face of uncertain intelligence. Finally, and probably most critical, is the importance of interagency intelligence cooperation. It is vital that different intelligence organizations that are pursuing a similar goal, especially in the same theater of operations, cooperate to the greatest extent possible.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XN9YD73Y,2006-07-01,Lieutenant-Colonel Wayne D. Eyre,Routledge,The Journal of Slavic Military Studies,2024-01-13T00:22:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/13518040600697969,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2043940599,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2043940599,2012.0,2012.0,2006.0,,6.0 6235,Military Intelligence Blunders and Cover-Ups,Book,https://www.littlebrown.co.uk/titles/john-hughes-wilson-2/military-intelligence-blunders-and-cover-ups/9781841198712/,"This book is a professional military-intelligence officer’s and a controversial insider’s view of some of the greatest intelligence blunders of recent history. It includes the serious developments in government misuse of intelligence in the recent war with Iraq. Colonel John Hughes-Wilson analyses not just the events that conspire to cause disaster, but why crucial intelligence is so often ignored, misunderstood or spun by politicians and seasoned generals alike. This book analyses: how Hitler’s intelligence staff misled him in a bid to outfox their Nazi Party rivals; the bureaucratic bungling behind Pearl Harbor; how in-fighting within American intelligence ensured they were taken off guard by the Viet Cong’s 1968 Tet Offensive; how over confidence, political interference and deception facilitated Egypt and Syria’s 1973 surprise attack on Israel; why a handful of marines and a London taxicab were all Britain had to defend the Falklands; the mistaken intelligence that allowed Saddam Hussein to remain in power until the second Iraq War of 2003; the truth behind the US failure to run a terrorist warning system before the 9/11 WTC bombing; and how governments are increasingly pressurising intelligence agencies to ‘spin’ the party-political line.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S5DYJ76D,2004-03-25,John Hughes-Wilson,"Little, Brown Book Group",,2024-01-13T00:20:52Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6236,The development of the espionage film,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432083,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NLDLKQL4,1990-10-01,Alan R. Booth,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T00:19:25Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684529008432083,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056117615,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056117615,2015.0,2022.0,1990.0,,25.0 6237,"British Intelligence and the Japanese Challenge in Asia, 1914–1941",Book,https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230287280,This is the first full-length study of the role played by British Intelligence in influencing policy towards Japan from the decline of the Alliance to the outbreak of the Pacific War. Using many previously classified records it describes how the image of Japan generated by Intelligence during this period led Britain to underestimate Japanese military capabilities in 1941. The book shows how this image was derived from a lack of adequate intelligence resources and racially driven assumptions about Japanese national characteristics.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RS97H7KH,2002-07-16,Anony Best,Springer,,2024-01-13T00:17:51Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6238,"Fighting for relevance: Economic intelligence and special operations executive in Spain, 1943–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432616,"This article examines the work of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in Spain during the latter part of the Second World War. Unlike SOE's broad mandate to sow dissent and disarray in occupied countries, in Spain agents were forbidden from any involvement in direct action and sabotage. Diplomatic concerns, namely the maintenance of Spanish neutrality in the war, overrode all other strategic issues in Iberia. SOE agents and leaders in Madrid, therefore, attempted to create a different role for themselves. Drawing on files released in the Public Record Office in 1998, the article highlights SOE's limited success in the effort to establish for itself a part in the Allied strategic and diplomatic campaign against German wolfram smuggling. Success proved fleeting, however, and SOE's ultimate failure, in the face of hostility from the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), to prove its usefulness beyond the wolfram campaign, would lead to its withdrawal from Spain. The story of the SOE in Spain represents, on a small scale, the failure of the organization to find a niche in the British intelligence community after the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4UEKN9R2,2000-09-01,David A. Messenger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-13T00:16:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520008432616,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987045880,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987045880,2019.0,2019.0,2000.0,,19.0 6239,The Contribution of Economists to Military Intelligence During World War II,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-economic-history/article/abs/contribution-of-economists-to-military-intelligence-during-world-war-ii/004FB096CEDDEA7EC73348319C7EAD8B,"Economists played a crucial role in military intelligence during World War II. Economists working at the Office of Strategic Services estimated enemy battle casualties, analyzed the intentions and capabilities of both enemies and allies, and helped to prepare for negotiations regarding the postwar settlement. Economists working at the Enemy Objectives Unit helped to select enemy targets for bombing. Finally, economists working at the Statistical Research Group worked on a variety of problems brought to them by the U.S. military services. As a consequence of their usefulness during the war, the military continued to employ economists after the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M9WDS494,2008/03,Mark Guglielmo,Cambridge University Press,The Journal of Economic History,2024-01-13T00:16:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1017/S0022050708000041,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109514296,49.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2109514296,2012.0,2025.0,2008.0,,4.0 6240,"US Intelligence Operations and Covert Action in Mexico, 1900–47",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948702200404,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6AZLYY4D,1987-10-01,W. Dirk Raat,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-13T00:14:58Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1177/002200948702200404,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W157758654,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W157758654,2017.0,2020.0,1987.0,,30.0 6241,Sins of Omission and Commission: A Reassessment of the Role of Intelligence in the Battle of Jutland,Journal article,https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/29/article/251395,"The role that Admiralty communications intelligence played in the Battle of Jutland has been given mixed reviews in histories of the battle. Historians acknowledge the superb performance of the Admiralty’s cryptographic organization in efficiently decrypting German naval communications before and during the battle, yet the fact that communications intelligence did not reach Admiral Jellicoe in usable or recognizable form had led historians to judge this a failure. This article argues that contrary to the accepted history, the dissemination system performed as planned, since the Admiralty placed a higher premium on the security of the intelligence source over its operational use by the fleet at sea.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MP3QHRII,2008,Jason Hines,Society for Military History,The Journal of Military History,2024-01-13T00:13:31Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6242,Economic intelligence and national security,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-8323(08)06014-1,"“We must have information superiority: the capability to collect process and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or denying an adversary's ability to do the same” (DoD, Joint Vision 2010). Since the end of the 1980s, the world economy has evolved, and there has been a rapid movement towards globalization. The end of the Cold War coincided with the end of “traditional” conflicts and a new dominant paradigm appeared. The terms of economic war and international competitiveness became inescapable issues dealt at the same moment by economists and the whole politico-administrative sphere. However, as Krugman (1996) noted this vision can turn out dangerous if it leans on erroneous diagnoses. Economic intelligence appears in this particular context. From a theoretical point of view, economic intelligence is presented in Michael Porter's works, for example in his article with V. E. Millar, “How information gives you competitive advantage”. Empirically, economic intelligence is not a new phenomenon. For example, it was practiced in the Middle Ages, when the Venetians passed information onto the Palace of the Doges through their ports and Mediterranean fleet during competition between the commercial cities of the North of Italy and Flanders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TWLNGCAP,2008-01-01,"Carlos Seiglie, Steven Coissard, Yann Échinard",Emerald Group Publishing Limited,,2024-01-13T00:12:32Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1016/S1572-8323(08)06014-1,"War, Peace and Security",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2502724120,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2502724120,2012.0,2024.0,2008.0,,4.0 6243,Communications intelligence and the sinking of the U-1062: 30 September 1944,Journal article,https://www.proquest.com/docview/1296725365/citation/15DD01509CB74CDAPQ/1,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3NJEWSQK,1994-10-01,David Syrett,Virginia Military Institute and the George C. Marshall Foundation for the American Military Institute,The Journal of Military History,2024-01-12T23:26:54Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6244,The Significance of Codebreaking and Intelligence in Allied Strategy and Tactics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-117791832940,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A9WNUU69,1977-07-01,David Kahn,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-01-12T23:23:23Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-117791832940,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050336525,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050336525,,,1977.0,, 6245,"French military intelligence and Czechoslovakia, 1938",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592299408405910,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X3LK3MJI,1994-03-01,Peter Jackson,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2024-01-12T23:22:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/09592299408405910,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980700877,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980700877,2018.0,2018.0,1994.0,,24.0 6246,British counter-intelligence in Gibraltar: Deciphering Spanish ‘neutrality’ during the Second World War,Journal article,https://intellectdiscover.com/content/journals/10.1386/ijis.20.2.129_1,"Gibraltar, with its strategic position as a gateway to the Mediterranean, was also a centre for Axis espionage and sabotage during the Second World War. Although Franco proclaimed Spain’s neutrality during the war, British intelligence revealed numerous examples of Spanish cooperation with both the Germans and Italians to carry out espionage activities and acts of sabotage against British interests in Gibraltar. This intelligence provided the basis for ongoing British diplomatic protests to the Spanish authorities, who denied Spanish involvement and gave token promises of remedial action. While British intelligence may not have eliminated belligerent activity, it clearly proved that Franco had not honoured his word: Spain was not ‘neutral’ during the Second World War",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N7LL2EH4,2007-07-18,Megan E. Cokely,,International Journal of Iberian Studies,2024-01-12T21:15:07Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1386/ijis.20.2.129_1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091989712,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091989712,2021.0,2021.0,2007.0,,14.0 6247,Appeasement and intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431915,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HHNWR9NI,1987-10-01,Williamson Murray,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-12T21:06:46Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684528708431915,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095687445,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2095687445,,,1987.0,, 6248,"Missing Intentions: Japanese Intelligence and the Soviet Invasion of Manchuria, 1945",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/1987650,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NZ4RK6RR,1984,Edward J. Drea,,Military Affairs,2024-01-12T21:06:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.2307/1987650,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2795695892,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2795695892,2013.0,2020.0,1984.0,,29.0 6249,"British Radio Security and Intelligence, 1939–43*",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cen361,"There is no previous monograph article on the Radio Security Service [RSS], the British organisation established to intercept the wireless messages of enemy spies during World War Two. This gap can be filled by drawing on private papers and documents in the National Archives from MI5, Bletchley Park, the War Office and the Admiralty. The official historians F.H. Hinsley and C.A.G. Simkins praised RSS efficiency, but MI5 records suggest that while RSS voluntary interceptors were competent, the same was not always true of some other operatives.The most intellectually outstanding part of the Radio Security Service was its Analysis Bureau, which became part of Section V of the Secret Intelligence Service [SIS] as Vw when most of RSS was taken over by Section VIII of SIS in 1941. Under Hugh Trevor-Roper's leadership Vw produced analytical reports on Axis Intelligence activities, but Felix Cowgill, the head of Section V, sought to restrict the circulation of these reports and the decrypts of enemy secret service messages which they analysed. The diaries of MI5's Guy Liddell suggest that Cowgill's behaviour was a catalyst for the unsuccessful attempt by MI5 to take over Section V of SIS during 1942.By 1943 Stewart Menzies, the Chief of SIS, was so impressed by Vw that he made it independent of Cowgill as the Radio Intelligence Service. By the end of 1943 MI5 and RSS interception also achieved a better understanding of their mutual roles. But there was a potential threat to the achievements of British radio security and intelligence from the reports of the Cambridge spies to Moscow.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3Z975KNZ,2009-02-01,E.D.R. Harrison,,The English Historical Review,2024-01-12T20:55:44Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1093/ehr/cen361,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082854836,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082854836,2014.0,2022.0,2009.0,,5.0 6250,"BDA: Anglo-American air intelligence, bomb damage assessment, and the bombing campaigns against Germany, 1914-1945",Thesis,https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/etd/r/1501/10?clear=10&p10_accession_num=osu1114180918,"The Anglo-American bombing campaigns against Germany during the world wars relied on air intelligence for targeting information and bomb damage assessment (BDA) reports. These gave airmen insights on the effectiveness of bombing. Air intelligence emerged as a new specialty during the Great War. By 1918, an intellectual infrastructure with organizational and technological components had developed in the British and American air arms. The organizational elements included air staffs with intelligence specialists who provided BDA reports to senior airmen, and unit-level intelligence sections to assess the effects of individual bombing raids. The technologies included reconnaissance aircraft and cameras to collect photographs on the effects of bombing. Although bombing and BDA remained rudimentary in 1918, they set a precedent for World War II. During the interwar period, despite organizational retrenchment, technology, especially cameras, made rapid advances. In addition, the emergence of a strategic bombing doctrine and a heavy bomber, the B-17, in the U.S., heralded the arrival of a mature bombing capability. In Great Britain, the threat of war prompted leaders to begin rebuilding their BDA intellectual infrastructure. Although early British bombing was ineffective, it allowed BDA experts to learn their trade. The combination of new BDA organizations and advanced technologies resulted in superb BDA. Once American air intelligence personnel began arriving in 1942, an Anglo-American intellectual infrastructure emerged. After the Allies gained air supremacy, bombers engaged in three campaigns of decisive importance for Allied victory, first against French and Belgian railroads to isolate Normandy from German reinforcements and re-supply, then against Germany’s oil industry, and finally against Germany’s transportation networks. BDA experts gave airmen accurate insights on the effectiveness of these campaigns. The first campaign played a vital role in the collapse of German resistance in Normandy. The second had disastrous effects on fuel production and thus on the Wehrmacht’s combat power. The third undermined Germany’s war economy. In each campaign, BDA experts gave targeting committees the insights required to recommend the most lucrative targets. The results were cataclysmic for Germany’s war effort. By approaching these campaigns from an air intelligence perspective, these facts become clear.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q66NQJ7T,2005,Robert S. Ehlers,,,2024-01-12T20:55:01Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,PhD Thesis,The Ohio State University,,,,,,,,, 6251,STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE,Report,https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA432777,"Imagery intelligence IMINT has been integral to decision-makers world wide. This paper explores lessons learned from World War II photo interpreters and their applicability to the United States IMINT program of the 21st Century. The essay opens with a brief comparison of early French, German, British and American Photo Reconnaissance PR programs and then moves to an examination of PR in the Second World War. Human capital and coalition partnerships are key themes. In addition, two examples illustrate how the U.S. imagery tradecraft has influenced national security policies since the Cold War. Finally, I offer two recommendations for improving strategic IMINT operations of the present and future, now called geospatial-intelligence GEOINT.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6D55MM5M,2005-03-18,Cheryl McAuley,,,2024-01-12T20:39:31Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6252,"The cold war, the JIC and British signals intelligence, 1948",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432015,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UGWA4HRF,1989-07-01,"Richard Aldrich, Michael Coleman",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-12T20:40:38Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528908432015,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083240492,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083240492,,,1989.0,, 6253,The Rise and Fall of Intelligence: An International Security History,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-Intelligence,"This sweeping history of the development of professional, institutionalized intelligence examines the implications of the fall of the state monopoly on espionage today and beyond. During the Cold War, only the alliances clustered around the two superpowers maintained viable intelligence endeavors, whereas a century ago, many states could aspire to be competitive at these dark arts. Today, larger states have lost their monopoly on intelligence skills and capabilities as technological and sociopolitical changes have made it possible for private organizations and even individuals to unearth secrets and influence global events. Historian Michael Warner addresses the birth of professional intelligence in Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century and the subsequent rise of US intelligence during the Cold War. He brings this history up to the present day as intelligence agencies used the struggle against terrorism and the digital revolution to improve capabilities in the 2000s. Throughout, the book examines how states and other entities use intelligence to create, exploit, and protect secret advantages against others, and emphasizes how technological advancement and ideological competition drive intelligence, improving its techniques and creating a need for intelligence and counterintelligence activities to serve and protect policymakers and commanders. The world changes intelligence and intelligence changes the world. This sweeping history of espionage and intelligence will be a welcomed by practitioners, students, and scholars of security studies, international affairs, and intelligence, as well as general audiences interested in the evolution of espionage and technology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YARKSUU5,2014-03-01,Michael Warner,Georgetown University Press,,2024-01-12T20:38:40Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6254,"U.S. Navy Codebreakers, Linguists, and Intelligence Officers against Japan, 1910-1941: A Biographical Dictionary",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442255647/U.S.-Navy-Codebreakers-Linguists-and-Intelligence-Officers-against-Japan-1910-1941-A-Biographical-Dictionary,"This unique reference presents 59 biographies of people who were key to the sea services being reasonably prepared to fight the Japanese Empire when the Second World War broke out, and whose advanced work proved crucial. These intelligence pioneers invented techniques, procedures, and equipment from scratch, not only allowing the United States to hold its own in the Pacific despite the loss of most of its Fleet at Pearl Harbor, but also laying the foundation of today’s intelligence methods and agencies. One-hundred years ago, in what was clearly an unsophisticated pre-information era, naval intelligence (and foreign intelligence in general) existed in rudimentary forms almost incomprehensible to us today. Founded in 1882, the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI)—the modern world’s “oldest continuously operating intelligence agency”—functioned for at least its first forty years with low manning, small budgets, low priority, and no prestige. The navy’s early steps into communications intelligence (COMINT), which included activities such as radio interception, radio traffic analysis, and cryptology, came with the 1916 establishment of the Code and Signals Section within the navy’s Division of Communications and with the 1924 creation of the “Research Desk” as part of the Section. Like ONI, this COMINT organization suffered from low budgets, manning, priority, and prestige. The dictionary focuses on these pioneers, many of whom went on, even after World War II, to important positions in the Navy, the State Department, the Armed Forces Security Agency, the National Security Agency, and the Central Intelligence Agency. It reveals the work and innovations of well and lesser-known individuals who created the foundations of today’s intelligence apparatus and analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZQLUFELK,2015-12-01,Steven E. Maffeo,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:18:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6255,Historical Dictionary of Cold War Intelligence,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538120323/Historical-Dictionary-of-Cold-War-Intelligence,"The Cold War was a sophisticated conflict fought by the west, principally the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, with support from NATO, CENTO and SEATO, to confront the Kremlin and its Warsaw Pact satellites. The battlegrounds extended from Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Byelorussia and Albania to Czechoslovakia, Poland and Hungary, and resulted in conventional, proxy wars fought in Vietnam, Egypt and Korea. Only now, thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, can these issues be examined through the prism of the secret files generated by the intelligence agencies on both sides which have been declassified. This Historical Dictionary of Cold War Intelligence contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on crucial operations spies, defectors, moles, double and triple agents, and the tradecraft they apply. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about intelligence during the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/87GFXJRE,2021-04-01,Nigel West,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:17:31Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6256,Shattered Illusions: KGB Cold War Espionage in Canada,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442269149/Shattered-Illusions-KGB-Cold-War-Espionage-in-Canada,"Yevgeni Vladimirovich Brik and James Douglas Finley Morrison were central figures in what was considered one of the most important Cold War operations in the West at the time. Their story, which involves espionage, intelligence tradecraft, intelligence service penetrations, double agent scenarios, and betrayal, is a piece of Cold War intelligence history that has never been fully told. Yevgeni Brik was a KGB deep cover illegal who had been dispatched to Canada in 1951. He settled in Verdun, Quebec. He eventually became the KGB Illegal Resident where he had responsibility for running a number of agents, one of whom was working on the CF-105, Avro Arrow. In 1953, he fell in love with a married Canadian woman to whom he revealed his true identity. She persuaded him to turn himself in, which resulted in his becoming a double agent, working for Canada. He was later betrayed by a Royal Canadian Mounted Police Officer, James Morrison, who sought money from the KGB to pay his debts. Brik was consequently lured back to Moscow in 1955, where he was arrested, and interrogated. Convicted of treason, a traitor’s fate awaited him, predictable, grim and final. Incredibly, he reappeared at a British Embassy as an old man in 1992, seeking Canada’s help. He was exfiltrated by a joint Canadian / British intelligence team which was headed by Donald Mahar. He was debriefed by Mahar for several months when they returned to Canada.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9DDZ5RTY,2016-12-01,Donald G. Mahar,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:16:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6257,"Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence, Second Edition",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442253186/Historical-Dictionary-of-Russian-and-Soviet-Intelligence-Second-Edition,"This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence is the only volume that lays out how Russian and Soviet intelligence works and how its operations have impacted Russian history. It covers Russian intelligence from the imperial period to the present focusing in greatest detail on Cold War espionage cases and the Putin-era intelligence community. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 600 cross-referenced entries on espionage techniques, categories of agents, crucial operations spies, defectors, moles, and double and triple agents. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Russian Intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HJ8L8EYI,2015-07-01,Robert W. Pringle,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:15:44Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6258,"Ethics of Spying: A Reader for the Intelligence Professional, Volume 2",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810861985/Ethics-of-Spying-A-Reader-for-the-Intelligence-Professional-Volume-2,"Ethics of Spying: A Reader for the Intelligence Professional, Volume 2 picks up where the first book ended, but, with a twist. The book begins with an historical perspective of the expectations of moral and ethical conduct of personnel working in intelligence. In a previously classified memo from 1941 and a report from 1954, the reader gets a sense of both the history and perception of what was expected of professional conduct as viewed from government officials. The first half of this book seeks to define an intelligence professional, while the second half of the book seeks to utilize various theoretical and practical perspectives. The richness of this publication is aided by the international views of its authors, which hail from Israel, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and the United States, among others. These prominent scholars explore ethics through the intelligence cycle and how ethics is evolving and viewed in a post-9/11 world. The book concludes with a survey on ethical conduct by interrogators, a brief history of intelligence reform, and a bibliography on this subject. The history and international perspectives provided in this book lay the foundation for further study in this increasingly prominent field of interdisciplinary study.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SBR3L9P9,2009-12-01,Jan Goldman,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:15:04Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6259,Communicating With Intelligence: Writing and Briefing in the Intelligence and National Security Communities,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781461657620/Communicating-With-Intelligence-Writing-and-Briefing-in-the-Intelligence-and-National-Security-Communities,"Since September 11, 2001, colleges and universities nationwide have expanded their curricula to include intelligence and national security studies, many offering degrees in the subjects. Curiously, no book exists for classroom use in teaching the important skills needed by these professionals to ensure their products/papers/reports are properly written or briefed. Communicating with Intelligence fills that gap and is aimed primarily at faculty and students pursuing studies in intelligence, national security, homeland security, or homeland defense; but it also has considerable value for working intelligence professionals who simply wish to hone their ""rusty"" writing or briefing skills. Designed to provide essential information regarding the preparation of written products or intelligence briefings, the book is divided into two parts. Part One, ""Writing with Intelligence,"" contains material on reading intelligence publications and on the basics of writing in the intelligence profession. Part Two, ""Briefing with Intelligence,"" deals with the fundamental principles of an intelligence briefing and includes information on gaining—or regaining—self-confidence behind the podium. Every chapter ends with exercises, many of which can be completed in the classroom to facilitate group activity or by an individual pursuing the study independently. Five appendixes provide additional information for quick reference and an annotated bibliography points toward further sources that can be used.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XPW9XMD5,2008-03-01,James S. Major,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:14:13Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6260,Ethics of Spying: A Reader for the Intelligence Professional,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810868090/Ethics-of-Spying-A-Reader-for-the-Intelligence-Professional,"Intelligence professionals are employees of the government working in a business that some would consider unethical_the business of spying. This book looks at the dilemmas that exist when one is asked to perform a civil service that is in conflict with what that individual believes to be 'ethical.' This is the first book to offer the best essays, articles, and speeches on ethics and intelligence that demonstrate the complex moral dilemmas in intelligence collection, analysis, and operations that confront government employees. Some are recently declassified and never before published, and all are written by authors whose backgrounds are as varied as their insights, including Robert M. Gates, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency; John P. Langan, the Joseph Cardinal Bernardin Professor of Catholic Social Thought at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University; and Loch K. Johnson, Regents Professor of Political Science at the University of Georgia and recipient of the Owens Award for contributions to the understanding of U.S. intelligence activities. To the intelligence professional, this is a valuable collection of literature for building an ethical code that is not dependent on any specific agency, department, or country. Managers, supervisors, and employees of all levels should read this book. Creating the foundation for the study of ethics and intelligence by filling in the gap between warfare and philosophy, Ethics of Spying makes the statement that the intelligence professional has ethics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YFJP7FJZ,2009-06-01,Jan Goldman,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:13:31Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6261,Writing Classified and Unclassified Papers for National Security: A Scarecrow Professional Intelligence Education Series Manual,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810861923/Writing-Classified-and-Unclassified-Papers-for-National-Security-A-Scarecrow-Professional-Intelligence-Education-Series-Manual,"Since 9/11, the profession of intelligence has come under increased scrutiny. Written products have been criticized for lack of clarity or for unconvincing arguments. Nations have gone to war based on what was considered the best available intelligence, only to learn later that it had been flawed. A lack of standards for written products across the Intelligence Community has adversely impacted those products and those who depend upon them. Writing Classified and Unclassified Papers for National Security is designed to serve as a style guide for those in the intelligence profession and for those aspiring to that career and pursuing studies in intelligence, national security, homeland security, or homeland defense. It provides essential information and guidelines regarding the preparation of written products to satisfy the intended consumers. This desktop reference is essential for career intelligence professionals and as a reference book for students.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2MYGMJAV,2008-11-01,James S. Major,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:12:35Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'KGU8VLSW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6262,Secrets and Spies: UK Intelligence Accountability after Iraq and Snowden,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780815737971/Secrets-and-Spies-UK-Intelligence-Accountability-after-Iraq-and-Snowden,"How can democratic governments hold intelligence and security agencies accountable when what they do is largely secret? Using the UK as a case study, this book addresses this question by providing the first systematic exploration of how accountability is understood inside the secret world. It is based on new interviews with current and former UK intelligence practitioners, as well as extensive research into the performance and scrutiny of the UK intelligence machinery. The result is the first detailed analysis of how intelligence professionals view their role, what they feel keeps them honest, and how far external overseers impact on their work Moving beyond the conventional focus on oversight, the book examines how accountability works in the day to day lives of these organizations, and considers the impact of technological and social changes, such as artificial intelligence and social media. The UK is a useful case study as it is an important actor in global intelligence, gathering material that helps inform global decisions on such issues as nuclear proliferation, terrorism, transnational crime, and breaches of international humanitarian law. On the flip side, the UK was a major contributor to the intelligence failures leading to the Iraq war in 2003, and its agencies were complicit in the widely discredited U.S. practices of torture and “rendition” of terrorism suspects. UK agencies have come under greater scrutiny since those actions, but it is clear that problems remain. The book concludes with a series of suggestions for improvement, including the creation of intelligence ethics committees, allowing the public more input into intelligence decisions. The issues explored in this book have important implications for researchers, intelligence professionals, overseers, and the public when it comes to understanding and scrutinizing intelligence practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRQP3M22,2020-02-01,Jamie Gaskarth,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:11:41Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6263,"Historical Dictionary of International Intelligence, Second Edition",Book,https://rowman.com/isbn/9781442249578,"Intelligence is now acknowledged as the hidden dimension to international diplomacy and national security. It is the hidden piece of the jigsaw puzzle of global relations that cements relationships, undermines alliances and topples tyrants, and after many decades of being deliberately overlooked or avoided, it is now regarded as a subject of legitimate study by academics and historians. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of International Intelligence covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on espionage techniques, categories of agents, crucial operations spies, defectors, moles, double and triple agents, and the tradecraft they apply. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the international intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SARJL45S,2015-05-01,Nigel West,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:10:55Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6264,"The Art of Intelligence: Simulations, Exercises, and Games",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442228962/The-Art-of-Intelligence-Simulations-Exercises-and-Games,"Since the 9/11 attacks, the number of intelligence courses and related curricula have soared. Many instructors look for interactive learning tools because they add immeasurable value to the student’s understanding of the intelligence enterprise. Such tools, however, take time and effort to develop and are not circulated among faculty. This is the first textbook to offer in one volume original simulations, exercises, and games designed by academics and intelligence professionals from several countries. These innovative methods are meant to enhance the learning experience and provide an international perspective to the topics and approaches discussed in class. Intelligence simulations and games are presented in ready-to run formats, from easy instructions to result recordings matrices, to minimize preparation time for both instructors and students. Exercises, such as cyber attack simulation, information sharing, ethical scenarios and more, expose the student to the many subtle aspects of the intelligence enterprise through active role-playing in simulations and game exercises. The cases cover a wide range of key analytical issues and contexts with an international focus for an innovative text that will suit intelligence training courses at all levels.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/36HG4G57,2014-03-01,"William J. Lahneman, Rubén Arcos",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:09:58Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6265,"Methods of Inquiry for Intelligence Analysis, Third Edition",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538125878/Methods-of-Inquiry-for-Intelligence-Analysis-Third-Edition,"Few professions have experienced change to the same extent as has intelligence. Since the 9/11 attacks, the role of intelligence has continued to grow, and its mission remains complex. Government and private security agencies are recruiting intelligence analysts in ever higher numbers to process what has become a voluminous amount of raw information and data. Methods of Inquiry for Intelligence Analysis offers students the means of gaining the analytic skills essential to undertake intelligence work, and the understanding of how intelligence fits into the larger research framework. It covers not only the essentials of applied research, but also the function, structure, and operational methods specifically involved in intelligence work.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JMUPSFM4,2019-04-01,Hank Prunckun,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:08:38Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6266,Handbook of European Intelligence Cultures,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786606570/Handbook-of-European-Intelligence-Cultures,"National intelligence cultures are shaped by their country’s history and environment. Featuring 32 countries (such as Albania, Belgium, Croatia, Norway, Latvia, Montenegro), the work provides insight into a number of rarely discussed national intelligence agencies to allow for comparative study, offering hard to find information into one volume. In their chapters, the contributors, who are all experts from the countries discussed, address the intelligence community rather than focus on a single agency. They examine the environment in which an organization operates, its actors, and cultural and ideological climate, to cover both the external and internal factors that influence a nation’s intelligence community. The result is an exhaustive, unique survey of European intelligence communities rarely discussed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7G6VQZCA,2016-08-01,"Bob de Graaff, James M. Nyce",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:07:41Z,['NWAKWPT7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6267,"Ethics of Spying: A Reader for the Intelligence Professional, Volume 3",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538178300/Ethics-of-Spying-A-Reader-for-the-Intelligence-Professional-Volume-3,"The first volume introduced readers to ethics in intelligence operations. Published when the U.S. was conducting operations in the post-9/11 era, this book represents the first collection of articles to seriously study ethics for and about intelligence professionals. The second volume established the codes of conduct that professionals in the private and public sectors would employ that could be separate from those of their private lives. Ethics of Spying: A Reader for the Intelligence Professional, Volume 3 combines the best articles from the first two volumes. It’s reorganized into 5 parts, and it contains new articles that expand and explain further the meaning and dichotomy of a working professional in the intelligence community and the national security and civil liberties they are entrusted with safeguarding. New articles include Ethics of Human Intelligence Operations; Tension and Strategy: : Ethics Phobia; Tension and Strategy: Sources and Bypassing Strategies; Just Intelligence Theory; Ethics, Intelligence, and Preemptive and Preventive Actions; Speak No Evil; Using Private Corporations to Conduct Intelligence Activities for National Security Purposes; and Intelligence Research and Scholarship",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PWTMP25X,2023-11-01,Jan Goldman,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:06:45Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6268,"Quantitative Intelligence Analysis: Applied Analytic Models, Simulations, and Games",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810895461/Quantitative-Intelligence-Analysis-Applied-Analytic-Models-Simulations-and-Games,"Quantitative Intelligence Analysis describes the model-based method of intelligence analysis that represents the analyst’s mental models of a subject, as well as the analyst’s reasoning process exposing what the analyst believes about the subject, and how they arrived at those beliefs and converged on analytic judgments. It includes: Specific methods of explicitly representing the analyst’s mental models as computational models; dynamic simulations and interactive analytic games; the structure of an analyst’s mental model and the theoretical basis for capturing and representing the tacit knowledge of these models explicitly as computational models detailed description of the use of these models in rigorous, structured analysis of difficult targets; model illustrations and simulation descriptions; the role of models in support of collection and operations; case studies that illustrate a wide range of intelligence problems; And a recommended curriculum for technical analysts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V3KRRS4U,2014-10-01,Edward Waltz,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:05:27Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6269,"Handbook of Warning Intelligence, Complete and Declassified Edition",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442248137/Handbook-of-Warning-Intelligence-Complete-and-Declassified-Edition,"This new and final edition is a follow-up to the author’s first book, Anticipating Surprise (University Press of America, 2002) and the Handbook of Warning Intelligence (Scarecrow Press, 2010). The first book was an abridged version of Grabo’s 1972 manuscript, of which only 200 pages were allowed to be published by the government. The second book was published after it was agreed that the last 10 chapters would remain classified. These final 10 chapters have recently been released by the government and complete the manuscript as it was originally intended to be published by the author in 1972. The Handbook of Warning Intelligence was written during the cold war and was classified for 40 years. Originally written as a manual for training intelligence analysts, it explains the fundamentals of intelligence analysis and forecasting, discusses military analysis, as well as the difficulties in understanding political, civil, and economic analysis and assessing what it means for analysts to have ""warning judgment."" Much of what Grabo wrote in her book seems to appear in many of the numerous commission reports that emerged after the 9/11 attacks. However, her book was written in response to the ""surprise attack"" of the Soviet Union's invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. According to the author, that event was no surprise. And while analysts have to take some of the blame for their failure to strenuously present their case that the threat was real and imminent, what occurred was a failure by policymakers to listen to the warning intelligence reports that were written at the time. In these last chapters, Grabo discusses scenarios where the United States will need to take action, especially describing Soviet indicators of such action. She also talks on how to influence policymakers to take, or not take, action based on intelligence. After the Soviet Union fell, the government was hesitant to release this information—especially considering what's going on with Putin today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X7EMJE25,2015-09-01,Cynthia Grabo,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:04:30Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6270,"Strategic Intelligence: A Handbook for Practitioners, Managers, and Users, Revised Edition",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810862852/Strategic-Intelligence-A-Handbook-for-Practitioners-Managers-and-Users-Revised-Edition,"The revised edition of Strategic Intelligence: A Handbook for Practitioners, Managers, and Users is a primer for analysts involved in conducting strategic intelligence research. Author Don McDowell begins with an overview of what strategic intelligence and analysis is, the functions it performs, and outcomes it delivers. McDowell then outlines a proven methodological approach to planning and implementing a strategic research project useful in any setting whatsoever. Strategic Intelligence explains in detail the steps involved in doing strategic analysis and includes examples, guidelines, and standards to further illustrate the process. Each step in the process corresponds with a chapter in the book, describing the doctrine and/or theory appropriate, as well as applications of the theory and practical hints on its implementation. Additionally, holistic and creative thinking about the problem issues being tackled is stressed in order to avoid narrow, biased analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4Y4I6BSB,2008-12-01,Don McDowell,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:03:30Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6271,"Scientific Methods of Inquiry for Intelligence Analysis, Second Edition",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442224339/Scientific-Methods-of-Inquiry-for-Intelligence-Analysis-Second-Edition,"Since 9/11, the needs of intelligence agencies as well as the missions they conduct have increased in number, size, and complexity. As such, government and private security agencies are recruiting staff to analyze the vast amount of data collected in these missions. This textbook offers a way of gaining the analytic skills essential to undertake intelligence work. It acquaints students and analysts with how intelligence fits into the larger research framework. It covers not only the essentials of applied research, but also the function, structure, and operational methods specifically involved in intelligence work. It looks at how analysts work with classified information in a security conscious environment as well as obtain data via covert methods. Students are left with little doubt about what intelligence is and how it is developed using scientific methods of inquiry.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HB9GNAT9,2014-09-01,Hank Prunckun,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:02:46Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6272,Intelligence in the Digital Age: How the Search for Something Larger May Be Imperiled,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781475854572/Intelligence-in-the-Digital-Age-How-the-Search-for-Something-Larger-May-Be-Imperiled,"Intelligence in the Digital Age examines how our current Internet age and people’s use of digital technologies may be affecting their mental capacities and emotive lives in ways in which it will become increasingly difficult for those people to explore a larger, more expansive consciousness. After beginning with an examination of how people’s attention spans, working memories, and capacity for deep thought and reading are being imperiled by their addictive use of smart phones and PCs, the discussion continues with how this may be occurring at a deep level at which the brain creates short and long-term memories, pays attention, and thinks creatively. The book then explores how these negative effects may impede the search to explore the limits of one’s thinking mind and memories in pursuit of a larger intelligence. People may have fewer opportunities to be successful in this pursuit simply because they will have lost access to important personal dynamics due to the effects of the digital world on their minds, brains, and inner lives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LMMQVL7Y,2019-11-01,Lyn Lesch,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:01:33Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6273,"Counterintelligence Theory and Practice, Second Edition",Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781786606884/Counterintelligence-Theory-and-Practice-Second-Edition,"In this thoroughly updated and revised edition of Counterintelligence Theory and Practice, Hank Prunckun provides all of the elements required for a successful counterintelligence operation from both an academic and a practitioner’s point of view. It offers an advanced understanding of the underlying theory that supports the art and science of the craft, and examines the challenges and practicalities of defensive and offensive counterintelligence. Designed for students in intelligence studies as well as professional training classes, this text explores issues related to national security, military, law enforcement, and corporate as well as private affairs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TDWX66JH,2019-01-01,Hank Prunckun,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T20:00:41Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6274,Intelligence and the National Security Strategist: Enduring Issues and Challenges,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780742540392/Intelligence-and-the-National-Security-Strategist-Enduring-Issues-and-Challenges,"Intelligence and the National Security Strategist: Enduring Issues and Challenges presents students with a useful anthology of published articles from diverse sources as well as original contributions to the study of intelligence. The collection includes classic perspectives from the history of warfare, views on the evolution of U.S. intelligence, and studies on the delicate balance between the need for information-gathering and the values of democratic societies. It also includes succinct discussions of complex issues facing the Intelligence Community, such as the challenges of technical and clandestine collection, the proliferation of open sources, the problems of deception and denial operations, and the interaction between the Intelligence Community and the military. Several timely chapters examine the role of the intelligence analyst in support of the national security policymaker. Rounding out the volume are appendices on the legislative underpinnings of our national intelligence apparatus.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7ZHGRZKQ,2005-11-01,"Roger Z. George, Robert D. Kline",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T19:59:40Z,['D67KFVND'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6275,Intelligence and Information Policy for National Security: Key Terms and Concepts,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781442260177/Intelligence-and-Information-Policy-for-National-Security-Key-Terms-and-Concepts,"Building on Goldman’s Words of Intelligence and Maret’s On Their Own Terms this is a one-stop reference tool for anyone studying and working in intelligence, security, and information policy. This comprehensive resource defines key terms of the theoretical, conceptual, and organizational aspects of intelligence and national security information policy. It explains security classifications, surveillance, risk, technology, as well as intelligence operations, strategies, boards and organizations, and methodologies. It also defines terms created by the U.S. legislative, regulatory, and policy process, and routinized by various branches of the U.S. government. These terms pertain to federal procedures, policies, and practices involving the information life cycle, national security controls over information, and collection and analysis of intelligence information. This work is intended for intelligence students and professionals at all levels, as well as information science students dealing with such issues as the Freedom of Information Act.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WMR373ST,2016-08-01,"Jan Goldman, Susan Maret",Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T19:58:43Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6276,OSS: The Secret History Of America's First Central Intelligence Agency,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781493042173/OSS-The-Secret-History-Of-Americas-First-Central-Intelligence-Agency,"In the months before World War II, FDR prepared the country for conflict with Germany and Japan by reshuffling various government agencies to create the Office of Strategic Services--America’s first intelligence agency and the direct precursor to the CIA. When he charged William (“Wild Bill”) Donovan, a successful Wall Street lawyer and Wilkie Republican, to head up the office, the stage was set for some of the most fantastic and fascinating operations the U.S. government has ever conducted. Author Richard Harris Smith, himself an ex-CIA hand, documents the controversial agency from its conception as a spin-off of the Office of the Coordinator for Information to its demise under Harry Truman and reconfiguration as the CIA.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K7BWISGP,2019-07-01,Richard H. Smith,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-12T19:57:33Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6277,FORTUITOUS ENDEAVOR: Intelligence and Deception in Operation Torch,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/26396965,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/39SILIQB,2008-09-01,John Patch,U.S. Naval War College Press,Naval War College Review,2024-01-12T19:56:42Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6278,Man Without A Face: The Autobiography Of Communism's Greatest Spymaster,Book,https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/markus-wolf/man-without-a-face/9781891620126/?lens=publicaffairs,"For decades, Markus Wolf was known to Western intelligence officers only as “the man without a face.” Now the legendary spymaster has emerged from the shadows to reveal his remarkable life of secrets, lies, and betrayals as head of the world’s most formidable and effective foreign service ever. Wolf was undoubtedly the greatest spymaster of our century. A shadowy Cold War legend who kept his own past locked up as tightly as the state secrets with which he was entrusted, Wolf finally broke his silence in 1997. Man Without a Face is the result. It details all of Wolf’s major successes and failures and illuminates the reality of espionage operations as few nonfiction works before it. Wolf tells the real story of Gunter Guillaume, the East German spy who brought down Willy Brandt. He reveals the truth behind East Germany’s involvment with terrorism. He takes us inside the bowels of the Stasi headquarters and inside the minds of Eastern Bloc leaders. With its high-speed chases, hidden cameras, phony brothels, secret codes, false identities, and triple agents, Man Without a Face reads like a classic spy thriller—except this time the action is real.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LPWTRGZN,2017-06-27T20:56:22+00:00,Markus Wolf,PublicAffairs,,2024-01-12T19:17:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6279,Markus Wolf: One of History's Most Effective Intelligence Chiefs,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/26201932,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3HS29KWH,2011,Kenneth J. Campbell,National Military Intelligence Association,American Intelligence Journal,2024-01-12T19:16:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6280,A Higher Form of Intelligence: Hugh Trevor-Roper and Wartime British Secret Service,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520701770642,"Throughout his distinguished career, the historian Hugh Trevor-Roper was known in many incarnations and guises: the ‘sleuth of Oxford’; Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford; the Spectator's Mercurius Oxoniensis; Baron Dacre of Glanton; and Master of Peterhouse College. In addition, he was to gain wider notoriety in the early 1980s as the man who helped authenticate the forged Hitler Diaries. Nevertheless, his wartime embodiment as a British intelligence officer is one facet of his personal history that has never before been addressed by scholars in any great depth. Using previously unpublished material from Trevor-Roper's memoirs and personal papers, as well as excerpts from the Guy Liddell Diaries, this article aims to highlight the fact that, contrary to the impression engendered by F.H. Hinsley's dry and depersonalized multi-volume official history, British Intelligence in the Second World War, Major H.R. Trevor-Roper, and many other intelligence officers like him, not only had a ‘good war’, but a rich and colourful one. If historians are to escape the late Sir Maurice Oldfield's indictment of that official history, namely, that it was written ‘by a committee, about committees, for a committee’, they might do worse than begin to reappraise the role of the individual in the context of Britain's intelligence effort during 1939–45. The late Lord Dacre, so this article argues, is one such individual requiring further study.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3DSX3HET,2007-12-01,P. R.J. Winter,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-12T19:15:27Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520701770642,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2131447156,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2131447156,2015.0,2015.0,2007.0,,8.0 6281,Slaughter in the Forest: Roman Intelligence Mistakes in Germany,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714005397,"The Roman military disaster in Germany in AD 9 has fascinated historicans for generations. Hundreds of scholars have questioned how a barbarian force could wipe out three crack Roman legions so easily, and whether this incident did indeed put to an end Rome's imperial dreams beyond the Rhine. This article will suggest that insufficent intelligence gathering played a large contributing factor to the Roman defeat. It was not ignorance of the geography which plagued the Romans; they knew exactly where they were going. The Roman commander Varus left his summer camp on the Weser and returned to his winter camp, taking with him the XVIIth, XVIIIth and the XIXth Legions, their equipment and all the other inhabitants of the camp. They never arrived. They were guided by a German chieftain whose intent was to lead an insurgency against Rome. Roman counterintelligence had not detected his true feelings, the extent of his popularity among other Germans, or the amount of discontent among Rome's German subjects. The uprising was a classic example of strategic surprise which caught the Roman off guard and changed the course of their foreign policy forever.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KSS6ZNZH,2001-09-01,R.M. Sheldon,Routledge,Small Wars & Insurgencies,2024-01-12T19:12:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/714005397,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2326136088,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2326136088,2019.0,2020.0,2001.0,,18.0 6282,Eavesdropping on ‘Bodden’: ISOS v. the Abwehr in the straits of Gibraltar,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529708432433,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PKPIYWBM,1997-07-01,Ralph Erskine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-12T19:11:24Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529708432433,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994725127,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994725127,2014.0,2021.0,1997.0,,17.0 6283,Russian SolarWinds hackers launch email attack on government agencies,Newspaper article,https://amp.theguardian.com/technology/2021/may/28/russian-solarwinds-hackers-launch-assault-government-agencies?__twitter_impression=true,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WGWKAPZH,2021-05-28,Alexandra Villarreal,,Guardian,2021-05-28T16:50:46Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6284,The Spy and the State,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/the-spy-and-the-state/,The technological sophistication of the modern state is no substitute for human intelligence gathering.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CS8H4KGQ,2020-12-17,Gill Bennett,,,2024-01-12T18:22:46Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6285,Cyber-Sabotage Is Easy,Blog post,https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/07/23/cyber-sabotage-is-easy/,So why aren't hackers crashing the grid?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CMRRGA2X,2013-07-23,Thomas Rid,,,2020-07-23T07:56:38Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6286,Top Secret Canada: Understanding the Canadian Intelligence and National Security Community,Book,https://utorontopress.com/9781487525279/top-secret-canada,National security in the interest of preserving the well-being of a country is arguably the first and most important responsibility of any democratic governm...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J2YZQ5EH,2021-03-01,"Stephanie Carvin, Thomas Juneau, Craig Forcese",University of Toronto Press,,2022-07-06T07:11:37Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6287,Who's seeing your data and why?,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/whos-seeing-your-data-and-why/,"While many social media users shrug their shoulders at the thought of tech companies selling their data, the transmission is unlikely to stop there. With China's new data protection laws, Beijing could have access to the sensitive information of billions of smartphone owners.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CEJL2DFL,2017-08-22,Elisabeth Braw,,,2022-12-07T23:14:49Z,"['28B8SB3Y', '8XXD789V', 'LXMU5UXP']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6288,Spies as agents of peace,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/spies-as-agents-of-peace/,"Secret intelligence is ultimately a tool of statecraft. How leaders use this tool and how others respond, depends on whether their policy goals and strategic beliefs are geared towards peace or conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VTZNWBJM,2022-08-19,Joshua Rovner,,,2022-12-07T22:20:06Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6289,Friend or Foe: Militia Intelligence and Ethnic Violence in the Lebanese Civil War,Book,http://cup.columbia.edu/book/friend-or-foe/9780231200653,"When civil conflicts break out in plural societies, violence often occurs along group divides—running the risk of spiraling into ethnic cleansing. Yet for militants who do not seek ethnic separation as a political goal, indiscriminate attacks are detrimental to their cause. Under what circumstances are such combatants more or less likely to commit ethnic violence?Nils Hägerdal examines the Lebanese civil war to offer a new theory that highlights the interplay of ethnicity and intelligence gathering. He shows that when militias can obtain reliable intelligence—particularly in demographically intermixed areas where information can cross ethnic boundaries—they are likely to refrain from indiscriminate tactics. Access to local intelligence helps armed groups distinguish between neutral and hostile non-coethnics to target individual opponents while leaving civilians in peace. Conversely, when militias struggle to access local information, they often fall back on ethnicity as a proxy for political allegiance, with bloody consequences. As intelligence capabilities shape the course of sectarian strife, the role of ethnicity can vary even within a particular conflict.Hägerdal conducted sixteen months of fieldwork in Lebanon, interviewing former militia fighters and commanders and collecting novel statistical evidence. He combines documentation by government agencies, NGOs, local news media, and the United Nations with firsthand narratives by participants to provide an unparalleled account of the processes that generate violence or coexistence when a diverse society descends into armed conflict. Theoretically innovative and descriptively rich, Friend or Foe sheds new light on the logic and dynamics of ethnic violence in civil wars.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PTIVRQLB,2021-07-01,Nils Hägerdal,Columbia University Press,,2023-03-28T09:14:15Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6290,Balancing Democratic Civilian Control with Effectiveness of Intelligence in Romania: Lessons Learned and Best/Worst Practices Before and After NATO and EU Integration,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315720395-8/balancing-democratic-civilian-control-effectiveness-intelligence-romania-lessons-learned-best-worst-practices-nato-eu-integration-florina-cristiana-cris-matei,Balancing Democratic Civilian Control with Effectiveness of Intelligence in Romania: Lessons Learned and Best/Worst Practices Before and After NATO and EU Integration - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PAXLURAZ,2015,"Florina Cristiana (Cris) Matei, Peter Gill, Michael Andregg",Routledge,,2024-01-12T15:07:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Democratization of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6291,Democratic Oversight in Fragile States: The Case of Intelligence Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315720395-7/democratic-oversight-fragile-states-case-intelligence-reform-bosnia-herzegovina-helge-lur%C3%A5s,Democratic Oversight in Fragile States: The Case of Intelligence Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RSIBDBPG,2015,Helge Lurås,Routledge,,2024-01-12T15:06:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Democratization of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6292,The Spies Who Came from the Tropics: Intelligence Services and Democracy in Brazil,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315720395-6/spies-came-tropics-intelligence-services-democracy-brazil-joanisval-brito-gon%C3%A7alves,The Spies Who Came from the Tropics: Intelligence Services and Democracy in Brazil - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/63U4I5U7,2015,Joanisval Brito Gonçalves,Routledge,,2024-01-12T15:06:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Democratization of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6293,"Comparing Intelligence Democratization in Latin America: Argentina, Peru, and Ecuador Cases",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315720395-5/comparing-intelligence-democratization-latin-america-argentina-peru-ecuador-cases-eduardo-est%C3%A9vez,"Comparing Intelligence Democratization in Latin America: Argentina, Peru, and Ecuador Cases - 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R55K7RYP,2015,Eduardo E. Estévez,Routledge,,2024-01-12T15:05:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Democratization of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6294,Comparing the Democratization of Intelligence Governance in East Central Europe and the Balkans,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315720395-3/comparing-democratization-intelligence-governance-east-central-europe-balkans-marina-caparini,Comparing the Democratization of Intelligence Governance in East Central Europe and the Balkans - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y3RRLUCI,2015,Marina Caparini,Routledge,,2024-01-12T15:04:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Democratization of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6295,Democratization of Intelligence,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315720395/democratization-intelligence-peter-gill-michael-andregg,"This comparative analysis of the sometimes fraught process of achieving democratic governance of security intelligence agencies presents material from countries other than those normally featured in the Intelligence Studies literature of North America and Europe. Some of the countries examined are former Communist countries and several in Latin America are former military regimes. Others have been democratic for a long time but still experience widespread political violence. Through a mix of single-country and comparative studies, major aspects of intelligence are considered, including the legacy of, and transition from, authoritarianism; the difficulties of achieving genuine reform; and the apparent inevitability of periodic scandals. Authors consider a range of methodological approaches to the study of intelligence and the challenges of analysing the secret world. Finally, consideration is given to the success – or otherwise – of intelligence reform, and the effectiveness of democratic institutions of control and oversight. This book was originally published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D2PCZJYL,2016-08-12,"Peter Gill, Michael Andregg",Routledge,,2024-01-12T15:03:54Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.4324/9781315720395,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1869200203,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1869200203,2018.0,2024.0,2017.0,,1.0 6296,"Intelligence, Crisis, and Democracy: Institutional Punctuations in Brazil, Colombia, South Africa, and India",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315720395-4/intelligence-crisis-democracy-institutional-punctuations-brazil-colombia-south-africa-india-marco-cepik-christiano-ambros,"Intelligence, Crisis, and Democracy: Institutional Punctuations in Brazil, Colombia, South Africa, and India - 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/78FHIIB7,2015,"Marco Cepik, Christiano Ambros",Routledge,,2024-01-12T15:01:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Democratization of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6297,Intelligence Oversight and Effectiveness in New Democracies: The Case of Brazil,Journal article,https://www.politikon.iapss.org/index.php/politikon/article/view/311,"Scholarship on the inherent tension between intelligence and democracy has paid limited attention to new democracies, especially those transitioning from military regimes. There, it is more challenging to bring intelligence services under democratic control without sacrificing their efficiency in exchange for oversight. This research note analyses these challenges in the Brazilian case, contributing to the scholarship on intelligence in Latin America. The case study demonstrates that the restructuring of intelligence in Brazil resulted in a spread-out intelligence system with many agencies, aimed at avoiding monopolisation and politicisation with formal oversight mechanisms put in place. Nonetheless, Brazilian society and politicians still do not trust intelligence, and lack a clear understanding of its functions for a democratic state. While intelligence reform in Brazil still has a long way to go regarding intelligence effectiveness and efficiency, it indicates how intelligence reform is a central part of a successful democratic transition.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XRM73QAP,2020-06-29,Clara Ribeiro Assumpção,,Politikon: The IAPSS Journal of Political Science,2024-01-12T15:01:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.22151/politikon.45.4,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3039294179,0.0,True,,,,2020.0,https://politikon.iapss.org/index.php/politikon/article/download/311/321, 6298,Brazil's New Intelligence System: An Institutional Assessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/713830446,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UIIK6STS,2003-07-01,"Marco Cepik, Priscila Antunes",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-12T14:56:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/713830446,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2034355863,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034355863,2012.0,2022.0,2003.0,,9.0 6299,"Intelligence, Crisis, and Democracy: Institutional Punctuations in Brazil, Colombia, South Africa, and India",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.915176,"This article analyzes why institutional crises are bound to happen and how they impact on national intelligence systems’ development. Punctuated Equilibrium theory is reviewed and employed to explain one institutional crisis in each of Brazil, Colombia, South Africa, and India. In Brazil, the case study is the fall of the Brazilian Intelligence Agency (ABIN) director in 2008, following the Satiagraha operation conducted by the Federal Police Department (DPF). In Colombia, the 2009 wiretapping scandal known as chuzadas is examined. In South Africa, the investigation in Project Avani (2006–8) is reviewed. Finally, in India the case study is the intelligence crisis following the Mumbai terrorist attacks in 2008. We found that institutional crises are inevitable because there are tensions between security and democracy, both being co-evolutionary dimensions of successful contemporary state building. However, the impacts of such crises vary across the four cases pending on three variables: (1) degree of functional specialization inside the national intelligence system; (2) degree of external public control over the national intelligence system; (3) whether effectiveness, legitimacy or both were the main drivers of the crisis. Our analysis of the four case studies suggests that the amount of positive institutional change in the aftermath of an intelligence crisis is greater in countries with more functional specialization and stronger external control mechanisms.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/56EH2X2A,2014-07-04,"Marco Cepik, Christiano Ambros",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-12T14:55:47Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2014.915176,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2128360529,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2128360529,2015.0,2024.0,2014.0,,1.0 6300,"The Military, Intelligence Agencies, Political Scandals, and Democracy in Brazil – 1998-2000",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/45294361,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HLLS5I5U,2003,"Daniel Zirker, Matthew Redinger",University Press of Florida,Journal of Political & Military Sociology,2024-01-12T14:50:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6301,"National Intelligence Systems as Networks: Power Distribution and Organizational Risk in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa",Journal article,https://www.scielo.br/j/bpsr/a/vxGyJThZfxPttd6vKPVPr7f/?lang=en&stop=previous&format=html,"This article compares the intelligence systems of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Three questions drive the research: How are the national intelligence systems organized? How is power distributed among organizations in each country? What are the organizational risks? By employing Network Analysis to publicly-available data on intelligence agencies, collegiate bodies, and supervising organizations, authority relations and information flows were mapped. Regarding organizational configuration, similarities were found between India and Russia, as well as between China and South Africa. Brazil differs from the four countries. As for the power distribution, in Russia, Brazil, and India intelligence is subordinated to the government, and shows more centrality in the cases of China and South Africa. Finally, Russia runs the highest risk of having an intelligence system less able to adapt to strategic circumstances, at the same time being the most resilient among the five countries. Likewise, China has the highest risk of a single actor being able to retain information, acting as a gatekeeper. Network Analysis has proved to be a useful approach to promote a comparative research program in the Intelligence Studies field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2M6W96CR,2017-03-27,"Marco Cepik, Gustavo Möller",Associação Brasileira de Ciência Política,Brazilian Political Science Review,2024-01-12T14:50:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1590/1981-3821201700010001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2603633830,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2603633830,2019.0,2026.0,2017.0,http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bpsr/v11n1/1981-3821-bpsr-1981-3821201700010001.pdf,2.0 6302,The Spies Who Came from the Tropics: Intelligence Services and Democracy in Brazil,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.915178,"Despite the emergence of Brazil as a global power, little is known about its security and intelligence services and the way they are seen by Brazilian society. This article analyzes the Brazilian perception of the role of its intelligence services and the relationship between the intelligence community (IC) and the decision makers. The historical background of intelligence in Brazil and a general overview of the Brazilian IC after the reestablishment of democracy are presented, as well as the general mechanisms of control and accountability of the secret services. Finally, there is consideration of some concerns on reforming the intelligence sector and its control and oversight apparatus.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6XELX44Y,2014-07-04,Joanisval Brito Gonçalves,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-12T14:49:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2014.915178,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1979869158,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1979869158,2012.0,2024.0,2014.0,,-2.0 6303,"Intelligence Reform in Brazil: A Long, Drawn-Out Process",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2015.1022469,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X39QFP65,2015-07-03,Thomas C. Bruneau,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-12T14:48:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2015.1022469,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1573588294,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1573588294,2015.0,2024.0,2015.0,,0.0 6304,The Secret World: Behind the Curtain of British Intelligence in World War II and the Cold War,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/secret-world-9781350160798/,"During World War II, Britain enjoyed spectacular success in the secret war between hostile intelligence services, enabling a substantial and successful expansion of British counter-espionage. Hugh Trevor-Roper's experiences working for the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) during the war had a profound impact on him and he later observed the world of intelligence with particular sharpness. To him, the subjects of wartime espionage and the complex espionage networks that developed in the Cold War period were as worthy of profound investigation and reflection as events from the more distant past. Expressing his observations through some of his most ironic and entertaining correspondence, articles and reviews, Trevor-Roper wrote vividly about some of the greatest intelligence characters of the age - from Kim Philby and Michael Straight to the Germans Admiral Canaris and Otto John. Including some previously unpublished material, this book is a sharp, revealing and personal first-hand account of the intelligence world in World War II and the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AE85IKHG,2020-06-25,Hugh Trevor-Roper,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-12T14:00:30Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6305,Scientific And Technical Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/scientific_and_t.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z4VBSWEZ,1975-01-01,Robert M. Clark,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-01-12T13:57:33Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6306,Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century: Journeys in Shadows,Book,,"Intelligence has never been more important in world politics than it is now at the opening of the twenty-first century. The terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, along with the politics and diplomacy of the Second Gulf War, have brought intelligence issues to the forefront of both official and popular discourse on security and international affairs. The need for better understanding of both the nature of the intelligence process and its importance to national and international security has never been more apparent. The aim of this collection is to enhance our understanding of the subject by drawing on a range of perspectives, from academic experts to journalists to former members of the British and American intelligence communities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7X7X3A5K,2004-07-08,"Peter Jackson, Len Scott",Routledge,,2024-01-12T13:56:20Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.4324/9780203504420,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W599949770,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W599949770,2017.0,2024.0,2004.0,,13.0 6307,My enemy's enemy: Twenty years of co‐operation between West Germany's red army faction and the GDR ministry for state security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529308432225,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WD93ARE8,1993-10-01,John Schmeidel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-12T13:54:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529308432225,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2050041498,22.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2050041498,2012.0,2023.0,1993.0,,19.0 6308,Organizational Intelligence: Knowledge and Policy in Government and Industry,Book,,"The prize-winning book Organizational Intelligence focuses on the structural and ideological roots of intelligence (informational and analytical) failures in government, industry, and other institutions. It provides groundbreaking theory and structure to the analysis of decision-making processes and their breakdowns, as well as the interactions among experts and the organizations they inform. In this book, both "organization" and "intelligence" are taken to their larger meanings, not just focused on the military meaning of intelligence or on one set of institutions in society. Astute illustrations of intelligence failures abound from real-world cases, such as foreign policy (the Bay of Pigs, Soviet predictions in the Cuban missile crisis), military (civilian bombing of Germany, Pearl Harbor), financial (AmEx's investment in a vegetable oil guru), economics (the Council of Economic Advisers) and industrial production (Ford's Edsel), as well as many other telling arenas and disciplines. Economic, cultural, legal, and political contexts are considered, as well as the more known institutions of government and commerce. The new Classics of the Social Sciences edition from Quid Pro Books features a 2015 Foreword from Neil J. Smelser, University Professor Emeritus at Berkeley and former chair of its sociology department. He writes that the book remains "one of the classics in organizational studies, and—in ways I will indicate—it is still directly relevant to current and future problems of organizational life. ... What makes this book a classic? It is a disciplined, intelligent, and elegant model of applied social science. ... The text itself, richly documented empirically, yields an informed and balanced account of the decision-making process as this is shaped by the quality of information available (and unavailable) to and used (and not used) by organizational leaders." Reviews of the book at the time it was written similarly attest to the originality and breadth of its interdisciplinary analysis. Amitai Etzioni wrote in the American Sociological Review: "This book opens a whole new field — the macrosociology of knowledge. It is as different from the traditional sociology of knowledge as the study of interaction is from that of the structure of total societies." He adds, "The power of Wilensky's contribution is further magnified by his historical perspective. He studies structures and processes, but not in a vacuum." Gordon Craig wrote in The Reporter that the book's examples from organizations "show a similar tendency to believe what they want to believe, to become the victims of their own slogans and propaganda, and to resist or to silence warning voices that challenge their assumptions.... In his fascinating analysis of intelligence failures and their causes ... in the public and private sectors, Wilensky finds that the most disastrous miscalculations are those which have occurred in the field of governmental operations, especially foreign policy and national security." The book explains how such highly institutionalized actors are vulnerable to informational pathologies.The new digital edition features active Contents, a fully linked Index, linked notes, and proper ebook formatting. It is a modern, quality, and authorized re-presentation of a classic work in social science and organizational studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3FQKLBKQ,2015-02-14,Harold L. Wilensky,Quid Pro Books,,2024-01-12T13:54:17Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6309,Codebreakers: The Secret Intelligence Unit that Changed the Course of the First World War,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/419721/codebreakers-by-james-wyllie-and-michael-mckinley/9780091957735,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YM4LEN5F,2015,"James Wyllie, Michael McKinley",Ebury Press,,2023-01-11T14:58:04Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6310,Intelligence and History from the Other Side of the Hill,Journal article,https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/600339,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N78WYCLU,1988-06,Edward W. Bennett,The University of Chicago Press,The Journal of Modern History,2024-01-12T13:49:32Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1086/600339,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2005547523,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2005547523,2023.0,2023.0,1988.0,,35.0 6311,Intelligence and Strategic Surprises,Book,https://cup.columbia.edu/book/intelligence-and-strategic-surprises/9780231063746,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TTNP3P7J,1987,Ariel Levite,Columbia University Press,,2020-07-20T12:38:50Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6312,Global Intelligence: The World’s Secret Services Today,Book,,"The Cold War has long gone. Now the “War on Terror” is upon us. What are the secret services–the CIA, the KGB, MI5, Mossad, Boss, Savak, Dina–doing these days? Global Intelligence explains how the war on terrorism has altered the context for the murky world of secret services and intelligence agencies. The CIA and other U.S. agencies, the FSB (successor to the KGB) in Russia, Western Europe’s secret services, Mossad in Israel, and the diverse security services in developing countries continue to operate, albeit with changing priorities and working methods. These shifting means of working, coupled with ultra-modern technologies, allow for more invasive spying in a global and domestic context.This up-to-date account raises important issues, including the new roles the secret services have found for themselves as they target “rogue states,”the war on drugs,” and “terrorists.” Most important of all, its authors explore the unsolved contradiction between the world of these secretive and unaccountable agencies operating on the fringes of the law, and the requirements of a free and democratic society. There is, they conclude, “no easy walk to freedom.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W4ITMGPY,2003-01-01,"Jonathan Bloch, Paul Todd",Fernwood Publishing,,2024-01-12T13:42:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6313,The Israeli Secret Services and the Struggle Against Terrorism,Book,,"While Mossad is known as one of the world's most successful terrorist-fighting organizations, the state of Israel has, more than once and on many levels, risked the lives of its agents and soldiers through unwise intelligence-based intervention. The elimination of Palestinian leaders and militants has not decreased the incidence of Palestinian terrorism, for example. In fact, these incidents have become more lethal than ever, and ample evidence suggests that the actions of Israeli intelligence have fueled terrorist activities across the globe.An expert on terror and political extremism, Ami Pedahzur argues that Israel's strict reliance on the elite units of the intelligence community is fundamentally flawed. A unique synthesis of memoir, academic research, and information gathered from print and online sources, Pedahzur's complex study explores this issue through Israel's past encounters with terrorists, specifically hostage rescue missions, the first and second wars in Lebanon, the challenges of the West Bank and Gaza, Palestinian terrorist groups, and Hezbollah. He brings a rare transparency to Israel's counterterrorist activities, highlighting their successes and failures and the factors that have contributed to these results. From the foundations of this analysis, Pedahzur ultimately builds a strategy for future confrontation that will be relevant not only to Israel but also to other countries that have adopted Israel's intelligence-based model.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5CR6QIXY,2009-02-01,Ami Pedahzur,Columbia University Press,,2024-01-12T13:39:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6314,The Shadow War Against Hitler: The Covert Operations of America's Wartime Secret Intelligence Service,Book,,"Surveying the expanding conflict in Europe during one of his famous fireside chats in 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt ominously warned that ""we know of other methods, new methods of attack. The Trojan horse. The fifth column that betrays a nation unprepared for treachery. Spies, saboteurs, and traitors are the actors in this new strategy."" Having identified a new type of war—a shadow war—being perpetrated by Hitler's Germany, FDR decided to fight fire with fire, authorizing the formation of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) to organize and oversee covert operations. Based on an extensive analysis of OSS records, including the vast trove of records released by the CIA in the 1980s and '90s, as well as a new set of interviews with OSS veterans conducted by the author and a team of American scholars from 1995 to 1997, The Shadow War Against Hitler is the full story of America's far-flung secret intelligence apparatus during World War II. In addition to its responsibilities generating, processing, and interpreting intelligence information, the OSS orchestrated all manner of dark operations, including extending feelers to anti-Hitler elements, infiltrating spies and sabotage agents behind enemy lines, and implementing propaganda programs. Planned and directed from Washington, the anti-Hitler campaign was largely conducted in Europe, especially through the OSS's foreign outposts in Bern and London. A fascinating cast of characters made the OSS run: William J. Donovan, one of the most decorated individuals in the American military who became the driving force behind the OSS's genesis; Allen Dulles, the future CIA chief who ran the Bern office, which he called ""the big window onto the fascist world""; a veritable pantheon of Ivy League academics who were recruited to work for the intelligence services; and, not least, Roosevelt himself. A major contribution of the book is the story of how FDR employed Hitler's former propaganda chief, Ernst ""Putzi"" Hanfstengl, as a private spy.More than a record of dramatic incidents and daring personalities, this book adds significantly to our understanding of how the United States fought World War II. It demonstrates that the extent, and limitations, of secret intelligence information shaped not only the conduct of the war but also the face of the world that emerged from the shadows.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J9FNPRCX,2003-04-01,"Christof Mauch, Jeremiah Riemer",Columbia University Press,,2024-01-12T13:41:25Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6315,Targeting the Third Reich: Air Intelligence and the Allied Bombing Campaigns,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700621446,"When large formations of Allied four-engine bombers finally flew over Europe, it marked the beginning of the end for the Third Reich. Their relentless hammering of Germany—totaling more than 1.4 million missions—took out oil refineries, industries, and transportation infrastructures vital to the Reich’s war effort. While other accounts have focused on operational details, this is the first book to reveal the crucial role of air intelligence in these dramatic campaigns. Robert Ehlers reexamines these bombings through the lens of both air intelligence and operations, a dual approach that shows how the former was so vital to the latter’s success. Air intelligence was essential to both targeting and damage assessment, and by demonstrating its contributions to the Combined Bomber Offensive of 1943-1945, Ehlers provides a wealth of new insight into the war. Ehlers describes the close ties that developed between the Royal Air Force’s “precision intelligence” arm and the U.S. Army Air Force’s “precision bombardment” forces, telling how the RAF’s photographic reconnaissance and signals intelligence steered both British and American bombers to the right targets at the right intervals with the right munitions. He shows that the greatest strength of this partnership was its ability to orchestrate all aspects of damage assessment within an effective organizational structure, so that by 1944 senior air commanders—like the RAF’s Arthur “Bomber” Harris and the AAF’s Carl “Tooey” Spaatz—could gauge the accuracy of bombing with a high degree of precision, analyze its effects on the German war effort, and determine its effectiveness in helping the Allies achieve strategic objectives. Ehlers focuses on three key offensives in 1944—against French and Belgian rail supply lines delivering German troops and supplies to Normandy, against German oil refineries, and against railroads and waterways inside the Reich—that had a disastrous effect on the Nazi war effort. In the process, he underscores the degree to which bombers constituted part of a highly effective combined-arms force, giving Allied armies crucial advantages on the battlefield. Drawing on a huge collection of bomb-damage assessment photographs and a wealth of other archival sources, he shows that the success of these and other efforts can be traced directly to the success of air intelligence. Providing a deeper and more accurate understanding of the bomber campaigns’ role in the Allied victory, Ehlers’s study testifies to the strategic importance of these efforts in that war and provides a tool for understanding the importance of intelligence operations in future conflicts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T42RD3CF,2009-11-01,Robert S. Ehlers,University Press of Kansas,,2024-01-12T12:57:26Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6316,"Spies, Ciphers and 'Zitadelle': Intelligence and the Battle of Kursk, 1943",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948702200203,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/97FX3SDW,1987-04-01,Timothy P. Mulligan,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-12T12:01:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/002200948702200203,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2114847379,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2114847379,2018.0,2018.0,1987.0,,31.0 6317,"Naval Intelligence, the Atlantic Campaign and the Sinking of the Bismarck: A Study in the Integration of Intelligence into the Conduct of Naval Warfare",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948702200202,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E7Z4FNY6,1987-04-01,Donald P. Steury,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-12T12:00:30Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/002200948702200202,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2028124317,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028124317,2018.0,2019.0,1987.0,,31.0 6318,The International Politics of Intelligence Sharing,Book,https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-international-politics-of-intelligence-sharing/9780231154109,"The cross-border sharing of intelligence is fundamental to the establishment and preservation of security and stability. The American invasion of Iraq in 2003 was based in part on flawed intelligence, and current efforts to defeat al Qaeda would not be possible without an exchange of information among Britain, Pakistan, Indonesia, and the United States. While critical to national security and political campaigns, intelligence sharing can also be a minefield of manipulation and maneuvering, especially when secrecy makes independent verification of sources impossible. In The International Politics of Intelligence Sharing, James Igoe Walsh advances novel strategies for securing more reliable intelligence. His approach puts states that seek information in control of other states' intelligence efforts. According to this hierarchical framework, states regularly draw agreements in which one power directly monitors and acts on another power's information-gathering activities-a more streamlined approach that prevents the dissemination of false ""secrets."" In developing this strategy, Walsh draws on recent theories of international cooperation and evaluates both historical and contemporary case studies of intelligence sharing. Readers with an interest in intelligence matters cannot ignore this urgent, timely, and evidence-based book.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RV46P7ZX,2009-11-01,James Igoe Walsh,Columbia University Press,,2024-01-12T10:23:50Z,"['BHVIFBRH', 'CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6319,Finland'S Military Intelligence in War and Peace,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600701854177,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7VSGFLAI,2008-05-19,Jukka Rislakki,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-12T09:38:00Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850600701854177,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2082353055,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2082353055,2014.0,2019.0,2008.0,,6.0 6320,The “motivated bias” dilemma in warfare and intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2012.708596,"The goal of this article is to challenge the assumption of rationality in the behavior of decision-making units involved in security, defense, intelligence and warfare and to consider the influence of “motivated bias” in such instances. A review of motivational literature within international politics and a discussion of literature applying “motivated biases” to warfare and strategic surprise will offer an alternative view of the primacy of rationality in such decisions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4PW4UQ53,2012-09-01,Matthew H. Wahlert,Routledge,Defense & Security Analysis,2024-01-12T09:37:31Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],10.1080/14751798.2012.708596,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086075441,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086075441,2020.0,2022.0,2012.0,,8.0 6321,"Good Bets, Bad Bets and Dark Horses: Allied Intelligence Officers’ Encounters with German Civilians, 1944–1945",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/central-european-history/article/abs/good-bets-bad-bets-and-dark-horses-allied-intelligence-officers-encounters-with-german-civilians-19441945/F310107C5CDF79EBEED4FE088107EE85,"This article explores Allied intelligence officers’ encounters with and interrogations of German civilians from autumn 1944 onwards, psychological warfare operations directed at civilians, and their wider ramifications. Focusing especially on the officers serving with the Psychological Warfare Division (PWD), I will demonstrate that field intelligence officers’ stance towards German civilians was fluid and often ambiguous, with the encounter causing considerable distress to some of them. Their reports and correspondence further suggest that in this period, Germans readily professed knowledge of atrocities. But contrary to intelligence officers’ expectations, they failed to accept any guilt or responsibility. Finally, I will argue that the very foundations and techniques of Western Allied psychological warfare may have reinforced and legitimised justification strategies that separated between “real” Nazis and everyone else. This was at odds with one of the central aims of Military Government, i.e. to inculcate a sense of culpability in Germans., Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Begegnungen mit deutschen Zivilist*innen und deren Befragungen durch alliierte Offiziere ab Herbst 1944 sowie auf Zivilist*innen abzielende Aktivitäten psychologischer Kriegsführung und deren Auswirkungen. Mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die Offiziere im Dienste der Psychological Warfare Division (PWD) wird demonstriert, dass die Haltung von Nachrichtenoffizieren im Außendienst gegenüber deutschen Zivilist*innen fließend und oft uneindeutig war und dass die Begegnungen einige Offiziere erheblich bedrückten. Ihre Berichte und Korrespondenz legen außerdem nahe, dass Deutsche während dieser Zeit bereitwillig Kenntnis von Gräueltaten eingestanden. Konträr zu den Erwartungen der befragenden Offiziere zeigten sie jedoch keine Schuldgefühle und übernahmen keine Verantwortung. Abschließend argumentiert der Beitrag, dass die Grundsätze und Techniken der psychologischen Kriegsführung der westlichen Alliierten möglicherweise die Rechtfertigungsstrategien, die „echte“ Nazis von anderen Personen unterschieden, bekräftigten und legitimierten. Dies widersprach einem der zentralen Ziele der Militärregierung, nämlich den Deutschen einen Sinn für Schuldhaftigkeit einzuimpfen.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7KU7D5PM,2020-03-01,Stefanie Rauch,Cambridge University Press,Central European History,2024-01-12T09:32:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1017/S0008938919001006,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3013920552,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3013920552,2023.0,2024.0,2020.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/F310107C5CDF79EBEED4FE088107EE85/S0008938919001006a.pdf/div-class-title-good-bets-bad-bets-and-dark-horses-allied-intelligence-officers-encounters-with-german-civilians-1944-1945-div.pdf,3.0 6322,British intelligence on the Russian revolution and civil war — A breach at the source,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529508432313,"(1995). British intelligence on the Russian revolution and civil war — A breach at the source. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 468-485.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3R8ECMW,1995-7-1,Jennifer Siegel,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-11T16:30:39Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/02684529508432313,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2056870249,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2056870249,2014.0,2021.0,1995.0,,19.0 6323,Seeing Russia Plain: The Russian Crisis and American Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/42897137,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELH2N79W,1999,Fritz W. Ermarth,Center for the National Interest,The National Interest,2024-01-11T16:20:42Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6324,The Transformation of Russian Intelligence Community After The Cold War (1991-1993),Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=887320,"The end of the Cold War affected not only international politics but also Russian domestic politics and institutions, including Russian intelligence organizations. Using a comprehensive literature survey and conducting two semi-structured interviews with experts on Russian national security on 18th May 2019, this article examines the transformation of the Russian intelligence community after the Cold War (1991-1993). I argue that the end of the Cold War, the 1991 August Coup particularly, dramatically affected Soviet/Russian intelligence organizations. I also argue that the transformation of the Russian intelligence community took place in three domains: change in the philosophy of Russian intelligence, change in Russian intelligence tradecraft and organizational change within the Russian intelligence community. First, Russian policymakers realized that KGB not only involved the August Coup that accelerated the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics but also failed to predict the end of the Cold war and it operated as an ideological guardian of the Soviet regime instead of an intelligence organization. Second and consequently, these policymakers tried to update and de-ideologize the KGB. Last, the KGB was dissolved, and five new intelligence organizations were founded after the end of the Cold war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6I5KSE46,2020,Ahmet Ateş,Karadeniz Araştırmaları Merkezi,Karadeniz Araştırmaları,2024-01-11T16:19:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6325,Surveillance of Foreigners Outside the United States Under Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA,Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44457,"After the attacks of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush authorized the National Security Agency to conduct a Terrorist Surveillance Program (TSP) to “intercept international communications into and out of the United States” by “persons linked to al Qaeda or related terrorist organizations.” After the TSP activities were concluded in 2007, Congress enacted the Protect America Act (PAA, P.L. 110-55), which established a mechanism for the acquisition, via a joint certification by the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the Attorney General (AG), but without an individualized court order, of foreign intelligence information concerning a person reasonably believed to be outside the United States. This temporary authority ultimately expired after approximately six months, on February 16, 2008. Several months later, Congress enacted the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Amendments Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-261), which created separate procedures for targeting non-U.S. persons and U.S. persons reasonably believed to be outside the United States under a new Title VII of FISA. Title VII of FISA was reauthorized in late 2012 (P.L. 112-238); this authority now sunsets on December 31, 2017. Significant details about the use and implementation of Section 702 of Title VII, which provides procedures for targeting non-U.S. persons who are abroad, became known to the public following reports in the media beginning in summer 2013. According to a partially declassified 2011 opinion from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), the National Security Agency (NSA) collected 250 million Internet communications per year under Section 702. Of these communications, 91% were acquired “directly from Internet Service Providers,” using a mechanism referred to as “PRISM collection.” The other 9% were acquired through what NSA calls “upstream collection,” meaning acquisition while Internet traffic is in transit from one unspecified location to another. In 2015, Congress enacted the USA FREEDOM Act (P.L. 114-23) to reauthorize and amend various portions of FISA. While most of the amendments dealt with portions of FISA that were unrelated to Section 702, the act did include authority to continue surveillance of a non-U.S. person for 72 hours after the target is reasonably believed to be within the United States, but only if a lapse in surveillance of the target would pose a threat of death or serious bodily harm. A traditional FISA order for electronic surveillance must be obtained to continue surveillance after that period.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XX8K3ETH,2016-04-13,Edward C. Liu,,,2024-01-11T15:48:21Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6326,Intelligence Community Whistleblower Provisions,Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45345,"Intelligence community (IC) whistleblowers are employees or contractors of the federal government working in any of the 18 elements of the IC who disclose their reasonable belief of a violation of law, rule, or regulation; gross mismanagement; waste of resources; abuse of authority; or a substantial danger to public health and safety. The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) whistleblowing policy and guidance generally are publicly available, and address the process for making protected disclosures and identify whistleblower protections for IC contractors, members of the Armed Forces, and federal IC employees. IC whistleblower protections have evolved in response to perceptions of gaps that some observers argued left these whistleblowers vulnerable to reprisal. The first whistleblower legislation specific to the IC, enacted in 1998, was limited to specifying a process for IC whistleblowers to make a complaint but offered no specific protections. Subsequent legislation, enacted in 2010, included general provisions for protecting IC whistleblowers, with no additional guidance on standards for implementation. Presidential Policy Directive (PPD)-19, signed in 2012, provided the first specific protections against reprisal actions for making a complaint. The Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (P.L. 113-126) codified these provisions, which were further supported by IC implementation policy. In early 2018, Congress passed legislation to address perceived gaps in protections for IC contractors. Other provisions in Title 10 of the U.S. Code, along with DOD implementing guidance, provide protections for members of the Armed Forces, including those assigned to elements of the IC. The August 2019 whistleblower complaint by a member of the IC that led to the impeachment of President Donald J. Trump raised additional questions among many in Congress about whether existing statutory protections are sufficient. These questions concerned (1) whether whistleblowers should have a right to remain anonymous, and, if so, what, if any, recourse should they have in the event their identity is disclosed against their will; (2) whether procedures provide potential whistleblowers clear direction on how to approach Congress with a protected disclosure; (3) whether the text of the various IC-related whistleblower statutes is clear and consistent as they relate to each other; and (4) the final authority for making determinations of what constitutes a matter of “urgent concern.” Since that time, Congress has taken steps to provide greater clarity and consistency to existing whistleblower legislation. The Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Division X of P.L. 117-103), included, for example, a provision giving the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community (ICIG) and Inspectors General of any IC element sole authority to determine whether a lawful disclosure constitutes a matter of “urgent concern.” Effective whistleblowing protections are intended to instill confidence in the integrity and comprehensiveness of the process for submitting a complaint as much as for the process itself. By extension, when IC employees have confidence that they can make protected disclosures anonymously and without fear of retribution, they arguably are more likely to adhere to a process that is also intended to protect classified information. Conversely, this line of reasoning also suggests a lack of confidence can increase the chances of wrongdoing going unreported or of classified information being compromised through an employee making a complaint outside of proper channels.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9VCVQ2Q2,2022-06-15,Michael E. DeVine,,,2024-01-11T15:12:22Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6327,Covert Action and Clandestine Activities of the Intelligence Community: Selected Congressional Notification Requirements,Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45191,"Section 3091 of Title 50, U.S. Code requires the President of the United States to ensure that the congressional intelligence committees are “kept fully and currently informed of the intelligence activities of the United States, including any significant anticipated intelligence activity,” significant intelligence failures, illegal intelligence activities, and financial intelligence activities. In fulfilling this statutory requirement, the President must notify Congress of all covert actions and significant clandestine activities of the Intelligence Community (IC). Congress’s interest in being kept informed of these activities originated from instances in the 1970s when media disclosure of past intelligence abuses during times of relatively limited congressional oversight underscored the importance of Congress taking a more active role. Over time, these notification requirements were written into statute or became customary. Covert action is codified in Title 50, U.S. Code as an intelligence activity or activities of the United States Government to influence political, economic, or military conditions abroad, where it is intended that the role of the United States will not be apparent or acknowledged publicly. The term clandestine describes a methodology used for a range of sensitive intelligence and military activities—conducted under Title 50 or Title 10 U.S. Code authority—in which the activity itself, as well as U.S. sponsorship, is secret. Congress’s particular interest in these activities is, in part, due to the characteristics that they have in common: they involve particularly sensitive sources and methods, have significant implications for U.S. foreign relations, and incur serious risk of damage to U.S. national security or loss of life in the event of exposure or compromise. Different committees exercise oversight jurisdiction depending upon how a particular activity is defined and the statutory authority under which it is conducted. Most intelligence activities, to include covert action, are authorized under Title 50, U.S. Code. Title 10, U.S. Code provides authorities for the military, to include clandestine activities of the military. The President and intelligence committees are responsible for establishing the procedures for notification, which are generally to be done in writing. Partly in deference to this higher standard, such notifications are sometimes limited to specific subgroups of Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives in certain circumstances, as defined by law and custom.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VBP5W62B,2023-07-10,Michael E. DeVine,,,2024-01-11T15:09:05Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6328,"United States Foreign Intelligence Relationships: Background, Policy and Legal Authorities, Risks, Benefits",Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45720,"From its inception, the United States Intelligence Community (IC) has relied on close relations with foreign partners. These relationships often reflect mutual security interests and the trust each side has of the other’s credibility and professionalism. They are generally strategic and cover a range of national security priorities involving national defense, emerging threats, counterterrorism, counter-proliferation, treaty compliance, cybersecurity, economic and financial security, counter-narcotics, and piracy. U.S. intelligence relations with foreign counterparts offer a number of benefits: indications and warning of an attack, expanded geographic coverage, corroboration of national sources, accelerated access to a contingency area, and a diplomatic backchannel. They also present risks of compromise due to poor security, espionage, geopolitical turmoil, manipulation to influence policy, incomplete vetting of foreign sources, over-reliance on a foreign partner’s intelligence capabilities, and concern over a partner’s potentially illegal or unethical tradecraft. Because intelligence failures involving a foreign partner sometimes become public, the risks to the IC of cooperating with a foreign intelligence service are more easily understood. Nevertheless, the persistent cultivation of intelligence relations with foreign partners suggests that the IC remains confident that the benefits outweigh the risks. These benefits are not always widely recognized due to their sensitivity and the potential for compromising the scope and details of what amounts to intelligence collection. The best known of these intelligence relationships are the decades-long ties to America’s closest allies, who have shared history, values, and similar perspectives on national security threats. Such ties are often one component of a broader security cooperation arrangement. Less well known are liaison relationships with U.S. adversaries over a particular issue of mutual concern, or relations with non-state foreign intelligence organizations such as Kurdish groups. Regardless of the partner, the U.S. Intelligence Community’s aim is to enhance national intelligence resources and capabilities and to further U.S. national security by better understanding the threat environment and thereby enabling informed strategic planning, better policy decisions, and successful military operations. Thus, U.S. foreign intelligence relationships can be an overlooked component of public discussion of various aspects of international cooperation. Foreign intelligence agencies with ties to U.S. intelligence have often escaped the reach of congressional oversight. Yet Congress, at various times, has been interested in both the benefits and the risks of foreign intelligence relationships to U.S. national security. While sometimes extolling the value intelligence foreign partners can provide, Congress has also been critical of occasions when the IC has become too dependent on such partners at the expense of IC investment in its own intelligence capabilities. Congress has also been concerned with the IC’s ability to independently assess the credibility of foreign intelligence sources, as well as the vulnerability of a foreign intelligence partner’s telecommunications infrastructure to compromise by a hostile foreign intelligence service. Of particular sensitivity to Congress has been the poor record of human rights by certain foreign intelligence agencies and the potential for foreign intelligence partners to collect and share with the United States information on U.S. persons. This report uses publicly available, unclassified sources as the basis of its research, and does not reference information in the public domain that was unlawfully disclosed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IXUMVRP4,2019-05-15,Michael E. DeVine,,,2024-01-11T15:07:17Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6329,Intelligence Community Diversity and Equal Opportunity,Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46629,"This report looks at the history of congressional and presidential concerns about a lack of diversity in the intelligence community (IC), offers some of the data available, and examines selected policies, practices, and programs that are intended to achieve greater diversity and equal opportunity in the intelligence community. In the late 1980s, U.S. Representative Louis Stokes of Ohio, the only African American ever to serve as chairman of an intelligence committee, singled out diversity in the intelligence community as an issue of operational concern. Since Representative Stokes’ initial efforts, the intelligence committees have addressed diversity in the intelligence community through hearings, legislation, and reporting requirements. In 2002, Congress expressed its views on IC diversity by legislating a sense of Congress that the intelligence agencies should make the creation of a more diverse workforce a priority in hiring decisions and should increase their minority recruitment efforts through their undergraduate training programs. In 2003, Congress found that the intelligence community “has a significantly lower percentage of women and minorities than the total workforce of the Federal government and the total civilian labor force.” It also found that “women and minorities continue to be under-represented in senior grade levels, and in core mission areas, of the intelligence community.” The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 requires the intelligence community to prescribe personnel policies and programs that ensure its personnel “are sufficiently diverse for purposes of the collection and analysis of intelligence through the recruitment and training of women, minorities, and individuals with diverse ethnic, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds.” The intelligence community has used varying definitions of diversity in recent years, but the most authoritative definition is now found in law. The FY2020 Intelligence Authorization Act defines this term for the community as “diversity of persons based on gender, race, ethnicity, disability status, veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, and other demographic categories.” With the publication of the unclassified annual intelligence community demographic reports since 2016, some IC diversity information is now available each year, but it provides only an amalgamation of demographic percentages. The unclassified reports do not include demographic data for each element or specific data on the number of people entering, remaining, or leaving an element. More detailed data and information would be required to identify the sex, race, and ethnicity composition of each intelligence community element’s workforce and its longitudinal changes. “Over its long history, the intelligence community has been challenged in its efforts to increase the representation of minorities, women, and persons with disabilities.” This was the message from the Director of National Intelligence to the intelligence community in a memorandum included with the publication of the 2017 intelligence community barriers analysis report. Its goal was to determine why impediments to diversity and inclusion persist in the intelligence community. Although the intelligence community has made progress since the period of the 1990s intelligence committee hearings on diversity in the community, its annual demographic data published from FY2015 to FY2018 suggest that its personnel policies, practices, and programs may require additional measures to achieve greater diversity and equal opportunity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HVB9ZCKL,2020-12-07,"Alan Ott, Sofia Plagakis",,,2024-01-11T15:06:04Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6330,Intelligence Coordination on Domestic Terrorism and Violent Extremism: Background and Issues for Congress,Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47229,"This report provides an overview of the evolution of domestic intelligence activities by the intelligence and law enforcement communities, as well as the processes by which intelligence and law enforcement agencies coordinate their efforts and share intelligence on domestic extremist violence and terrorism. Congress, in its intelligence oversight responsibilities, has expressed interest in knowing that the intelligence and law enforcement communities are coordinating on domestic threats appropriately: sharing information in a manner that is timely and also protects civil liberties. When the term intelligence is used informally to describe a function of government—involving the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information in support of national security priorities—there is the potential for confusion over what it actually means, which agencies are involved, how coordination and intelligence sharing is conducted, and what legal authorities guide intelligence activities. This is especially true of domestic intelligence activities to counter the threat of terrorism and extremist violence in the United States. The term intelligence generally refers to activities authorized under Title 50 of the United States Code (U.S. Code or U.S.C.), performed by the 18 statutory elements of the intelligence community, or described in guidelines for law enforcement organizations outlined in Part 23 of Title 28 of the Code of Federal Regulation (28 C.F.R. §23), Criminal Intelligence Systems Operating Policies. Intelligence activities in support of efforts to counter the threat of domestic terrorism or domestic violent extremism can involve either agencies of the intelligence community or law enforcement. Domestic terrorism is defined in statute as “acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State” and “appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping”; and take place primarily in the United States. Domestic violent extremism refers to violent criminal acts in furtherance of ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as racial bias and anti-government sentiment. The public has a reasonable expectation that, regardless of the activity or agency involved, officials conducting intelligence activities in a domestic setting will respect the privacy and civil liberties of U.S. citizens. In a domestic environment, the intelligence community must abide by the various oversight requirements established by Congress and the President, including Attorney General Guidelines and the provisions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA, P.L. 95-511), as amended. At the same time, it is incumbent upon both the intelligence and law enforcement communities to share information in a manner that is timely and effective. The current structure for sharing information between the intelligence community and law enforcement agencies is a legacy of the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001 (hereinafter referred to as 9/11). To break down long-standing cultural barriers between intelligence and law enforcement agencies, and to enable more effective protection of the country, Congress included in the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA, P.L. 108-458) provisions to promote a culture of information sharing to mitigate the threat of international terrorism. The IRTPA also included provisions to strengthen oversight to try to ensure the intelligence and law enforcement communities, in sharing more information, do not overstep their authorities and violate civil liberties. Since 9/11, the domestic terrorism and violent extremist threat has evolved to increasingly include U.S. persons conducting attacks in the United States inspired by either foreign terrorist groups and ideologies, or domestic extremist ideologies or grievances. As the threat of terrorism and violent extremism has evolved, coordination between the intelligence and law enforcement communities has become more complex, and it remains a work in progress. Congressional action has focused on enhancing intelligence-law enforcement coordination and threat mitigation while trying to ensure oversight provisions are sufficient to protect civil liberties. This report is intended to assist Congress in its oversight responsibilities of the intelligence and law enforcement communities by explaining the respective roles and responsibilities of different agencies that conduct intelligence activities in a domestic environment under different authorities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6D7WGZ44,2022-09-01,"Michael E. DeVine, Lisa N. Sacco, John W. Rollins",,,2024-01-11T15:01:07Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6331,Congressional Oversight of Intelligence: Background and Selected Options for Further Reform,Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45421,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I7VFBAMC,2018-12-04,Michael E. DeVine,,,2024-01-11T15:03:43Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6332,Russian Military Intelligence: Background and Issues for Congress,Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46616,"Following Russia’s occupation of Ukraine’s Crimea region and invasion of eastern Ukraine in 2014, many observers have linked Russia to additional malicious acts abroad. U.S. and European officials and analysts have accused Russia of, among other things, interfering in U.S. elections in 2016; attempting a coup in Montenegro in 2016; conducting cyberattacks against the World Anti Doping Agency and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in 2016 and 2018, respectively; attempting to assassinate Russian intelligence defector Sergei Skripal in the United Kingdom in 2018; and offering “bounties” to Taliban-linked fighters to attack U.S. personnel in Afghanistan. Implicated in all these activities is Russia’s military intelligence agency, the Main Directorate of the General Staff (GU), also known as the GRU. The United States has indicted GRU officers and designated the GRU for sanctions in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, cybercrimes, and election interference. The Department of Justice has indicted GRU officers for cyber-related offenses against the World Anti-Doping Agency and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, NotPetya malware attacks in 2017, various cyberattacks against the 2018 Olympics, and interference in the 2016 U.S. elections. The GRU as an agency has been designated for sanctions under Executive Order 13694, as amended, and Section 224 of the Countering Russian Influence in Europe and Eurasia Act of 2017 (CRIEEA; P.L. 115-44/H.R. 3364 Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act [CAATSA], Title II). The GRU is a large, expansive organization under the command of Russia’s Ministry of Defense and Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu. Headed since 2018 by Admiral Igor Kostyukov, the GRU plays an important role in Russia’s foreign and national security policies. As an arm of the military, the GRU is responsible for all levels of military intelligence, from tactical to strategic. The GRU commands Russia’s spetsnaz (special forces) brigades, which conduct battlefield reconnaissance, raiding, and sabotage missions, in addition to training and overseeing local proxies or mercenary units. Additionally, the GRU conducts traditional intelligence missions through the recruitment and collection of human, signals, and electronic assets. Beyond its traditional combat- and intelligence-related roles, the GRU conducts extensive cyber, disinformation, propaganda, and assassination operations. These operations are often aggressive and brazen, leading to publicity and the exposure of GRU culpability. Congress and the executive branch continue to consider responses and countermeasures to malicious Russian activities. Because the GRU continues to conduct cyberattacks, election interference, assassinations, and disinformation, understanding the agency’s structure and the position it occupies in Russian foreign and security policy can help identify what the GRU is capable of and why it conducts particular operations. Understanding the GRU also offers insight into Russia’s wider use of cyber, disinformation, and influence operations and can inform broader discussions of potential U.S. responses and countermeasures. This report addresses Russian military intelligence, including organizational structure and activities, and related U.S. policy. For further background on Russia, see CRS Report R46761, Russia: Foreign Policy and U.S. Relations, by Andrew S. Bowen and Cory Welt; CRS In Focus IF11718, Russian Cyber Units, by Andrew S. Bowen; CRS Report R46518, Russia: Domestic Politics and Economy, by Cory Welt and Rebecca M. Nelson; CRS In Focus IF11625, Russian Armed Forces: Military Doctrine and Strategy, by Andrew S. Bowen; CRS In Focus IF11589, Russian Armed Forces: Capabilities, by Andrew S. Bowen; and CRS Report R45415, U.S. Sanctions on Russia, coordinated by Cory Welt.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3V7Z6CE6,2021-11-15,Andrew S. Bowen,,,2024-01-11T14:13:42Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6333,Behind the Lawrence Legend: The Forgotten Few Who Shaped the Arab Revolt,Book,,"T. E. Lawrence became world-famous as 'Lawrence of Arabia', after helping Sherif Hussein of Mecca gain independence from Turkey during the Arab Revolt of 1916-18. His achievements, however, would have been impossible without the unsung efforts of a forgotten band of fellow officers and spies. This groundbreaking account by Philip Walker interweaves the compelling stories of Colonel Cyril Wilson and a colourful supporting cast with the narrative of Lawrence and the desert campaign. These men's lost tales provide a remarkable and fresh perspective on Lawrence and the Arab Revolt. While Lawrence and others blew up trains in the desert, Wilson and his men carried out their shadowy intelligence and diplomatic work. His deputies rooted out anti-British jihadists who were trying to sabotage the revolt. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Lionel Gray, a cipher officer, provided a gateway into unknown aspects of the revolt through his previously unpublished photographs and eyewitness writings. Wilson's crucial influence underpinned all these missions and steadied the revolt on a number of occasions when it could have collapsed. Without Wilson and his circle there would have been no 'Lawrence of Arabia'. Yet Wilson's band mostly fell through the cracks of history into obscurity. ""Behind the Lawrence Legend"" reveals their vital impact and puts Lawrence's efforts into context, thus helping to set the record straight for one of the most beguiling and iconic characters of the twentieth century. , T. E. Lawrence became world-famous as 'Lawrence of Arabia', after helping Sherif Hussein of Mecca gain independence from Turkey during the Arab Revolt of 1916-18. His achievements, however, would have been impossible without the unsung efforts of a forgotten band of fellow officers and spies. This groundbreaking account by Philip Walker interweaves the compelling stories of Colonel Cyril Wilson and a colourful supporting cast with the narrative of Lawrence and the desert campaign. These men's lost tales provide a remarkable and fresh perspective on Lawrence and the Arab Revolt. While Lawrence and others blew up trains in the desert, Wilson and his men carried out their shadowy intelligence and diplomatic work. His deputies rooted out anti-British jihadists who were trying to sabotage the revolt. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Lionel Gray, a cipher officer, provided a gateway into unknown aspects of the revolt through his previously unpublished photographs and eyewitness writings. Wilson's crucial influence underpinned all these missions and steadied the revolt on a number of occasions when it could have collapsed. Without Wilson and his circle there would have been no 'Lawrence of Arabia'. Yet Wilson's band mostly fell through the cracks of history into obscurity. ""Behind the Lawrence Legend"" reveals their vital impact and puts Lawrence's efforts into context, thus helping to set the record straight for one of the most beguiling and iconic characters of the twentieth century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QJQGZPV9,2018-02-08,Philip Walker,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-11T09:13:27Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6334,FBI Opposition to German and Japanese Nationalist Organizations in the United States (1941–1945),Journal article,https://ras.jes.su/nni/s013038640024078-3-1-en,"In modern research on the history of the United States in World War II, it is quite popular to study the opposition of the American special services and, in particular, the Federal Bureau of Investiga",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QGEWJKNW,2023/12/21,Yaroslav Levin,,Novaia i noveishaia istoriia,2024-01-11T09:12:38Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.31857/S013038640024078-3,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390049149,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 6335,The spirit of man: air power and the human factor,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2263223,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YNWJ4C43,2024,R. Gerald Hughes,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-11T09:10:58Z,['PBHFUE8W'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2263223,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390670681,0.0,True,,,,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2263223?needAccess=true, 6336,Covert Diplomacy to Overcome a Crisis: West German and Israeli Intelligence after the Munich Olympics Attack,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01172,"What happens among intelligence communities when two countries face a diplomatic crisis? This article looks at the interactions between the West German Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz (BfV) and Israel's Mossad in a multilateral liaison called the Club de Berne after the Munich Olympics attack in September 1972. The article shows that these covert links were a means to overcome the crisis and served different functions for each side. For the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), which had been severely criticized after giving in to terrorist pressure, the BfV tried to prove to Israel its value as a security asset. For Israel, the Club de Berne allowed Mossad to send a covert message that aimed to pressure the FRG into a no-negotiation line. For both, the agencies could build on preexisting relations based on trust in the Club de Berne, which helped with the normalization process after the crisis. Although diplomatic and domestic policies after the Munich attack are well known, the intelligence dimension has thus far not been explored. The article offers a new way of thinking about covert diplomacy in theory and practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5E2L3MN6,2023-12-31,Aviva Guttmann,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2024-01-11T09:09:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1162/jcws_a_01172,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390688014,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390688014,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,,1.0 6337,"Churchill's German Spy: Revelations on Appeasement, Operation Torch and Nazi Intelligence from Double Agent Harlequin",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Churchills-German-Spy-Hardback/p/24097,"Compared to many of MI5's other double agents, HARLEQUIN’s career was very short-lived, lasting only for a few months in 1943. However, during that time…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3WILE4FH,2023-11-14,David Tremain,Pen and Sword,,2024-01-11T09:07:52Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6338,Women and Spy Networks,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01537-4_3-2,"In seventeenth-century Britain, women were considered incapable of independent political thought, as well as lacking courage and intellectual application. As a result of this, they were generally not employed as intelligencers. With the onset of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, however, pragmatism began to trump polemic, and women began to be employed as spies and to create their own networks. Royalist she-intelligencers were more numerous and generally of higher social status than their Parliamentarian rivals. She-intelligencers had two primary advantages over their male counterparts: they were less likely to be suspected of espionage and, should they happen to be caught, they rarely if ever faced execution and were generally released after a short imprisonment. Ultimately, the prejudice that suggested that women were incapable of undertaking espionage activities rendered them invisible, both to their enemies and to subsequent historiography.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QPGERC3Q,2023-11-13,Nadine Akkerman,Springer International Publishing,,2024-01-11T09:06:11Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1007/978-3-030-01537-4_3-2,The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Early Modern Women's Writing,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389249140,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 6339,The First U.S.-Based Soviet Nuclear Spy: The Saga of Clarence Hiskey and Arthur Adams,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01170,"Years before anything was publicly disclosed about the nuclear espionage of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Klaus Fuchs, and Theodore Hall, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and U.S. Army Intelligence identified Clarence Hiskey, a Manhattan Project scientist, as a Soviet spy helping to provide highly sensitive nuclear weapons information. The two agencies kept watch on a Soviet intelligence officer, Arthur Adams, who was living illegally in the United States and serving as Hiskey's control officer. Despite an extensive investigation, neither Hiskey nor Adams was ever arrested. Although Adams was named in a sensational tabloid newspaper article shortly after the end of World War II and closely shadowed by the FBI, he was able to flee to the Soviet Union. Hiskey was never indicted for espionage. Based on material released from declassified Russian archives and FBI files made available under the Freedom of Information Act, the article tells the story of the first U.S.-based nuclear spy and how he got away with it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZGQLS5GU,2023-12-31,"Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes",,Journal of Cold War Studies,2024-01-11T09:06:30Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1162/jcws_a_01170,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390688002,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390688002,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 6340,The Academization of Intelligence: A Comparative Overview of Intelligence Studies in the West,Journal article,https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Cyber3.1ENG_3-119-142.pdf,"“Academization of intelligence” is defined as the academic research, conceptualization, and teaching about the world of intelligence. Its goal is to study the field of intelligence’s essence, activities, and influence on the national security of the state and its decision-making processes. Policymakers and political leaders have recognized the increasingly significant role of intelligence in shaping policy and decision-making processes. These developments and concerns accelerated the academization of intelligence and gave the field its due attention and prominence. As the demand for intelligence practitioners increased, American and Western universities responded to the growing need for formulating academic programs and courses devoted to intelligence, which significantly accelerated the academization of intelligence. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada are at the forefront of efforts to academize intelligence. In other Western countries, such as Spain, France, and Germany, the process of academicization has been slower and burdened by the darker roles played by the intelligence services at certain points in history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HFEULDI,2019-05-01,"Kobi Michael, Aaron Kornbluth",,"Cyber, Intelligence, and Security",2024-01-11T07:22:46Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6341,"No immunity: Signals intelligence and the European neutrals, 1939–45",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529708432412,"(1997). No immunity: Signals intelligence and the European neutrals, 1939–45. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 22-43.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PFG6L66C,1997-4-1,David Alvarez,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-11T07:20:23Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529708432412,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2073100408,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2073100408,,,1997.0,, 6342,Surprise Attack: Lessons for Defense Planning,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780815709299/Surprise-Attack-Lessons-for-Defense-Planning,"Long before Germany's blitzkrieg swept the West, European leaders had received many signals of its imminence. Stalin, too, had abundant warning of German designs on Russia but believed that by avoiding """"provocative"""" defensive measures he could avert the attack that finally came in June 1941. And the stories of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the Korean War, and three Arab-Israeli conflicts are replete with missed opportunities to react to unmistakable warnings. Richad K. Betts analyzes surprise attacks during the mid-twentieth century to illustrate his thesis: surprise attacks occur, not because intelligence services fail to warn, but because of the disbelief of political leaders. """"Although the probability is low that the United States will fail to deter direct attack by the Soviet Union,"""" Betts says, """"the intensity of the threat warrants painstaking analysis of how to cope with it."""" His own investigation of the historical, psychological, political, diplomatic, and military aspects of his subject heightens understanding of why surprise attacks succeed and why victim nations fail to respond to warnings. In discussing current policy he focuses on the defense of Western Europe and applies the lessons of history to U.S. defense planning, offering detailed recommendations for changes in strategy. Obviously some of the potential dangers of military surprise cannot be prevented. The important thing, he emphasizes, is that """"without forces that exceed requirements (the solution Moscow appears to have chosen), it is vital to ensure that what forces exist can be brought to bear when needed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CIJSUJI9,1982--09-01,Richard K. Betts,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-11T07:18:03Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6343,"Hitler's Japanese Confidant: General Oshima Hiroshi and MAGIC Intelligence, 1941-1945",Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700611898,"In 1940 the U.S. Army Signal Intelligence Service broke the Japanese diplomatic code. In 1975 Oshima Hiroshi, Japan's ambassador to Berlin during World War II, died, never knowing that the hundreds of messages he transmitted to Tokyo had been fully decoded by the Americans and whisked off to Washington, providing a major source of information for the Allies on Nazi activities. Resurrecting Oshima’s decoded communications, which had remained classified for several decades, Carl Boyd provides a unique look at the Nazis from the perspective of a close foreign observer and ally. He uses Oshima’s own words to reveal the thought and strategies of Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazis, with whom Oshima associated. In addition to providing illuminating insight into Nazi activities and attitudes—military buildup in North Africa, the unwillingness to accept a separate peace with the Soviets—Boyd illustrates the functions of MAGIC. He demonstrates how that intelligence, gathered by teams of American cryptographers, influenced Allied strategy and helped bring about the downfall of Hitler and his Japanese confidant.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FJPNWX28,1993-03-01,Carl Boyd,University Press of Kansas,,2024-01-11T00:07:11Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6344,"British and French Military Intelligence in Syria and Palestine, 1914–1918: Myths and Reality",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2011.558999,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HK394DGA,2011-04-01,Roger Owen,Routledge,British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies,2024-01-11T00:06:37Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/13530194.2011.558999,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1971271367,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971271367,2014.0,2023.0,2011.0,,3.0 6345,THE INTELLIGENCE BACKGROUND OF OPERATION TORCH,Journal article,https://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters/vol13/iss1/1,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3ZBY8XFD,1983-07-04,John Beam,,The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters,2024-01-11T00:04:51Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.55540/0031-1723.1308,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W108625314,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W108625314,2020.0,2020.0,1983.0,https://press.armywarcollege.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1308&context=parameters,37.0 6346,Hitler's Espionage Machine: German Intelligence Agencies and Operations During World War II,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/hitlers-espionage-machine/9781862272446/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QRQPEXZU,2004-07-01,Christer Jorgensen,Spellmount,,2024-01-11T00:02:53Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6347,Michael Collins's Intelligence War: The Struggle Between the British and the IRA 1919-1921,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/michael-collinss-intelligence-war/9780750942683/,Michael Collins is often thought of as Ireland's lost leader: a man born into a revolutionary environment who became a skilled statesman and military leader. This book looks in at Collins' key role in the Anglo Irish War using primary sources which have not previously been available.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5L2YCLM9,2008-08-01,Michael T. Foy,The History Press,,2024-01-11T00:01:49Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6348,SOE's Ultimate Deception: Operation Periwig,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/soes-ultimate-deception/9780750940283/,"In the closing months of the Second World War, General Eisenhower exhorted the Western Allied forces to redouble their efforts to break the German will to resist. In considering this appeal, General Gubbins, whose Special Operations Executive was making a significant contribution to the liberation of occupied territory, was faced with a fundamental difficulty in the case of Germany. Although opposition to Nazism was present in some areas, it was neither organised nor pro-Allied. Then someone had the idea of creating an entirely fictional German resistance movement and 'selling it' to the Nazi security authorities. From January until April 1945, SOE rained propaganda leaflets on the hapless population fleeing the ruins of their cities and the oncoming Allied ground forces; they broadcast messages to the 'resistance'; they planted the most scandalous lies about eminent Nazis; and at the end they even dropped four agents on fictitious missions. This imaginative response to Ike's exhortation and the sheer audacity of the operation itself demand to be told to a wider audience.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E8YUZAFK,2009-03-12,Fredric Boyce,The History Press,,2024-01-11T00:00:27Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6349,Operation Heartbreak and The Man Who Never Was,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/operation-heartbreak-and-the-man-who-never-was/9780752457758/,"The greatest deception of the Second World War – and possibly in the whole of military history – took place in April 1943 when a body was found floating in the sea off the Spanish coast. The documents found on him would eventually find their way to Hitler’s desk and send German troops hurtling in the wrong direction. The dead man convinced the Axis powers that the Allies were about to attack Greece and not the real target, Sicily. The course of the war was changed. In this volume is a story within the original extraordinary story. Duff Cooper’s only fictional work, Operation Heartbreak, was based upon the emotionally charged decision to use an anonymous corpse to weave the web of deceit. The British authorities tried to suppress the book because it would show the Spanish in a bad light, with Franco now in power. A change of heart followed and Ewen Montagu was encouraged to tell the whole story. Anyone who read Ben Macintyre’s best-selling Operation Mincemeat will have to read this double volume to understand the full story.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LXE9EQEM,2010-03-23,"Duff Cooper, Ewen Montagu",The History Press,,2024-01-10T23:59:16Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6350,Victoria's Spymasters: empire and espionage,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/victorias-spymasters/9780752445359/,"Covering the lives and achievements of five English intelligence officers involved in wars at home and abroad between 1870 and 1918, this exceptionally researched book offers an insight into spying in the age of Victoria. Including material from little-known sources such as memoirs, old biographies and information from M15 and the police history archives, this book is a more detailed sequel to Wade's earlier work, Spies in the Empire. The book examines the social and political context of Victorian spying and the role of intelligence in the Anglo-Boer wars as well as case studies on five intriguing characters: William Melville, Sir John Ardagh, Reginald Wingate and Rudolf Slatin, and William Robertson. Responding to a dearth of books covering this topic, Wade both presents fascinating biographies of some of the most significant figures in the history of intelligence as well as a snapshot of a time in which the experts and amateurs who would eventually become M15 struggled against bias, denigration and confusion.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9IGTP2AU,2009-02-23,Stephen Wade,The History Press,,2024-01-10T23:58:20Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6351,The Silent Listener: British electronic surveillance Falklands 1982,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/the-silent-listener/9780752477398/,"On 2 April 1982 Argentina launched Operation Rosario, the invasion of the Falklands. The British, caught off guard, responded with Operation Corporate. Deployed alongside the rest of the British Army was a small specialist intelligence unit, whose very existence was unknown to many commanders and whose activities were cloaked in the Official Secrets Act. Trained during the years of the Cold War, the OC of the unit, D.J. Thorp, was tasked with providing electronic warfare support – interception of Argentinean electronic and radio signals – allowing the British to be in real time receipt of enemy plans long before execution. He personally briefed Col H Jones before the Battle of Goose Green. For the first time in print, The Silent Listener confirms the existence and role of the Special Task Detachment during Operation Corporate and provides details of the deployment and operational role of a dedicated ground based electronic warfare (EW) weapons facility. It also details the development of electronic warfare during the Cold War period, including the establishment of a communications intercept site on East Island following the cessation of hostilities in the Falklands, and D.J. Thorp’s top secret role in the investigation into the sinking of ARA General Belgrano.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F7LKH4GH,2012-02-01,Major D. Thorp,The History Press,,2024-01-10T23:57:29Z,['9I86L884'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6352,The Rebecca Code: Rommel's spy in North Afirca and Operation Kondor,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/the-rebecca-code/9780752468709/,"John Eppler thought himself to be the perfect spy. Born to German parents, he grew up in Egypt, adopted by a wealthy family and was educated in Europe. Fluent in German, English and Arabic, he made the Hadj to Mecca but was more at home in high society or travelling the desert on camelback with his adopted Bedouin tribe. After joining the German Secret Service in 1937, in 1942 he was sent across the desert to Cairo by Field Marshal Rommel. His guide was the explorer and Hungarian aristocrat Laszlo Almasy, a man made famous by the book The English Patient. Eppler’s mission was to infiltrate British Army Headquarters and discover the Eighth Army’s troop movements and battle plans. In The Rebecca Code, Mark Simmons reveals the story of Operation Condor and its comedy of errors and how it was foiled by Major A.W. ‘Sammy’ Sansom of the British Field Security Service. It is a tale of the desert, of the hotbed of intrigue that was 1940s Cairo, and the spy who was to send his reports using a code based on Daphne du Maurier’s novel Rebecca.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C2S2GUFX,2012-09-01,Mark Simmons,The History Press,,2024-01-10T23:55:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6353,Spy and Counterspy: secret agents and double agents from the Second World War to the Cold War,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/spy-and-counterspy/9780752459912/,"The shadowy world of supposedly legalized spying has an enduring fascination for us all. Spy and Counterspy reveals for the first time the web of spies that spanned the globe during and after the Second World War, working for organisations like MI5 & MI6, the CIA & OSS, Soviet Smersh & NKVD, Japanese Tokko and the German Gestapo. These men and women lived extraordinary lives, always on the edge of exposure and the risk of death. Many of them were so in love with the Great Game of espionage that they betrayed their countries and acted as double and sometimes even triple agents in a complex deception that threatened the very grasp of power in government. Their war in the shadows remained unrecognized until today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VZHUZ5TC,2013-07-01,Ian Dear,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:40:36Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6354,To Complete the Jigsaw: British military intelligence in the First World War,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/to-complete-the-jigsaw/9780750956130/,"From tragic beginnings at Crimea to the groundbreaking work of the First World War, To Complete the Jigsaw traces the development of British military intelligence and the role it played in supplying vital information to the war effort. Whilst the histories of MI5 and MI6 have been well documented, the story of the officers and NCOs who pioneered army intelligence and security has remained largely untold. Introducing new techniques such as counter-intelligence, protective security, wireless interception and aerial photography, their dynamism prepared the ground for victory and the platform for modern military intelligence. Nicholas van der Bijl BEM chronicles the rise of intelligence on the Western Front, at Gallipoli, in the Middle East and in East Africa. For the first time ever, this comprehensive book puts together the previously lost pieces of the jigsaw that was military intelligence during the First World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S3DRVYHZ,2015-11-05,Nicholas van der Bijl,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:39:15Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6355,Spynest: British and German espionage from neutral Holland 1914-1918,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/spynest/9780750965064/,"After the First World War broke out, Holland, and the port city of Rotterdam in particular, became a prolific breeding ground for secret agents and spies. The neutrality of the Netherlands, its geographical position between the warring nations and its proximity to the Western Front meant that the British and German secret services both chose Holland as the main base for their pioneering spy operations. It was here that the new intelligence agencies fought their battles, each in pursuit of the other’s secrets. Both sides sent in their own agents, but they also hired local men and women to work for them, as couriers, trainspotters and infiltrators. Many of them were recruited from the shadowy criminal underworld and brought with them their own concerns; others sacrificed their lives for love of their country. Author Edwin Ruis has plumbed the depths of the international archives to bring to light the unexplored and often wellguarded secret histories of intelligence in the First World War. But even this is only half the story. Those who were not found out, the truly successful spies, remain a mystery to this day.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JM5B9QKT,2016-02-03,Edwin Ruis,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:37:36Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6356,Lucifer Rising: British intelligence and the Occult in the Second World War,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/lucifer-rising/9780750965118/,"Summer 1940. In the desperate fight against Nazi Germany, nothing is considered too outlandish, so the British secret services turn to figures from the occult world to help turn the tide of war. What begins as a mission to understand Hitler’s supposed astrological advice soon becomes more bizarre, with often hilarious, unintended consequences. It is a story of misinformation, false predictions and some of the most surreal secret operations of the Second World War. Incredibly, it is all true. Featuring an eccentric cast of characters, including the creator of James Bond, a cross-dressing astrologer, a spymaster who walked around in public with his pet bear and the self-proclaimed ‘wickedest man in the world’, best-selling author Nicholas Booth weaves together an amazing narrative of spying, sabotage and black propaganda. Using hitherto secret files – many only released in the last few years – Lucifer Rising unravels for the first time the myths surrounding these operations, culminating with perhaps the most curious of all: the arrival by parachute of Rudolf Hess in Scotland in May 1941.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2CVUD5ZG,2016-06-06,Nicholas Booth,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:35:23Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6357,"Churchill's Secret War: diplomatic decrypts, the Foreign Office and Turkey 1942-44",Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/churchills-secret-war/9780752452364/,"The key part played by Winston Churchill in shaping the course of the Second World War is still of great interest to historians worldwide. In the course of his research, Robin Denniston has uncovered previously unknown files of diplomatic intercepts which show that Churchill's role in British foreign policy and war planning was far more signficant than has hitherto been supposed. Although neither a commander-in-chief nor a head of state, he personally exerted considerable influence on British foreign policy to force Turkey into the Second World War on the side of the Allies. This ground-breaking book explores Churchill's use of secret signals intelligence before and during the Second World War and also sheds fresh light on Britain's relations with Turkey - a subject which has not received the attention it deserves. The book examines a little-known plan to open a second front in the Balkans, from Turkey across the eastern Mediterranean, designed to hasten D-Day in the west, and reveals new information on the 1943 Cicero spy scandal - the biggest Foreign Office security lapse until the Burgess and Maclean affair some twenty years later.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GGKYASH2,2009-09-21,Robin Denniston,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:34:07Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6358,Looking Down the Corridors: Allied aerial espionage over East Germany and Berlin 1945-1990,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/looking-down-the-corridors/9780750979474/,"Between 1945 and 1990 the Western Allies mounted some of the most audacious and successful intelligence collection operations of the Cold War. Conducted in great secrecy, aircrews flew specially modified transport and training aircraft along the Berlin Air Corridors and Control Zone to gather intelligence on Soviet and East German military targets in the German Democratic Republic and around Berlin. The Air Corridors comprised three regulated airways for civil and military air traffic that connected West Berlin to West Germany. Operating under the guise of innocent transport and training flights, the pilots used their right of access to gather huge amounts of imagery for forty-five years. They also provided the western intelligence community with unique knowledge of the organisation and equipment used by Warsaw Pact forces.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7845HBC4,2017-04-03,"Kevin Paul Wright, Peter Jefferies",The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:33:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6359,Spycraft Secrets: an espionage A-Z,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/spycraft-secrets/9780750983754/,"Tradecraft: as intriguing as it is forbidden . . . Tradecraft is the term applied to techniques used by intelligence personnel to assist them in conducting their operations and, like many other professions, the espionage business has developed its own rich lexicon. In the real, sub rosa world of intelligence-gathering, each bit of jargon acts as a veil of secrecy over particular types of activity, and in this book acclaimed author Nigel West explains and give examples of the lingo in action. He draws on the first-hand experience of defectors to and from the Soviet Union; surveillance operators who kept terrorist suspects under observation in Northern Ireland; case officers who have put their lives at risk by pitching a target in a denied territory; the NOCs who lived under alias to spy abroad; and much more. Turn these pages and be immersed in the real world of James Bond: assets, black operations, double agents, triple agents ... it’s all here.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y7UAXTHG,2017-09-01,Nigel West,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:32:15Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6360,Women of Intelligence: winning the Second World War with air photos,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/women-of-intelligence/9780750982450/,"An ornate Victorian manor sat in picturesque surroundings overlooking the River Thames at Medmenham, Buckinghamshire. Perhaps not the first place that springs to mind when considering the top-secret photographic interpretation that helped secure an Allied victory in the Second World War, but this was the headquarters of the Allied Central Interpretation Unit. It was here that air photography from all over enemy-occupied Europe was pored over by photographic interpreters, who sought out intricate details of enemy activity which then influenced virtually every Allied operation of the war. These quick-minded men and women were the ones to find out where the infamous German V-weapons were being constructed, were the first to see the results of the Dambusters’ raid and were sworn to utmost secrecy on everything they viewed. Women made up half of this work force and were, unusually, treated as equals with their male counterparts: the best person for the job, regardless of gender. Here the women of Medmenham, the ‘Women of Intelligence’ from Churchill’s daughter to girls escaping home for the first time, tell the story of their wartime life and work – in their own words.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KGKMXFC9,2017-09-01,Christine Halsall,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:30:54Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6361,Double Agent Victoire: Mathilde Carre and the Interallié network,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/double-agent-victoire/9780750988049/,"Mathilde Carré, notoriously known as La Chatte, was remarkable for all the wrong reasons. Like most spies she was temperamental, scheming and manipulative – but she was also treacherous. A dangerous mix, especially when combined with her infamous history of love affairs – on both sides. Her acts of treachery were almost unprecedented in the history of intelligence, yet her involvement in the ‘Interallié affair’ has only warranted a brief mention in the accounts of special operations in France during the Second World War. But what motivated her to betray more than 100 members of the Interallié network, the largest spy network in France? Was she the only guilty party, or were others equally as culpable? Using previously unpublished material from MI5 files, Double Agent Victoire explores the events that led to her betrayal, who may have ‘cast the first stone’, and their motivations, as well as how the lives and careers of those involved were affected. It reveals a story full of intrigue, sex, betrayal and double-dealing, involving a rich cast including members of the French Resistance, German Abwehr and British Intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B5XL4NZV,2018-06-01,David Tremain,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:29:06Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6362,SIGINT: the secret history of signals intelligence in the world wars,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/sigint/9780750987714/,"Signals Intelligence, or SIGINT, is the interception and evaluation of coded enemy messages. From Enigma to Ultra, Purple to Lorenz, Room 40 to Bletchley, SIGINT has been instrumental in both victory and defeat during the First and Second World War. In the First World War, a vast network of signals rapidly expanded across the globe, spawning a new breed of spies and intelligence operatives to code, de-code and analyse thousands of messages. As a result, signallers and cryptographers in the Admiralty’s famous Room 40 paved the way for the code breakers of Bletchley Park in the Second World War. In the ensuing war years the world battled against a web of signals intelligence that gave birth to Enigma and Ultra, and saw agents from Britain, France, Germany, Russia, America and Japan race to outwit each other through infinitely complex codes. For the first time, Peter Matthews reveals the secret history of global signals intelligence during the world wars through original interviews with German interceptors, British code breakers, and US and Russian cryptographers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8BNR7MWM,2018-10-05,Peter Matthews,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:28:01Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6363,The Anatomy of a Spy: a history of espionage and betrayal,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/the-anatomy-of-a-spy/9780750992572/,"In this compelling investigation, author Michael Smith explores the critical moment in a spy’s life: that split-second decision to embrace a double life; to cheat and hide and hurt; to risk disgrace – even death – without any guarantee of being rewarded or even recognised. Each chapter centres on a number of different spies, following the path they took that led, finally, to the point of no return. Were they propelled by personal convictions? Blackmailed and left without a choice? Too desperate for money to think about the consequences? Through in-depth insider knowledge, Michael Smith also uncovers new and unknown cases, including a spy inside ISIS, President Trump’s links with Russia and Edward Snowden’s role as a whistle-blower, to offer compelling psychological portraits of these men and women, homing unerringly on the fault-lines and shady corners of their characters, their weaknesses and their strengths, the lies they tell other people, and the lies they always end up telling themselves.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FBNK4S6Z,2019-11-06,Michael Smith,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:27:00Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6364,"Spy Runner: Ronnie Reed and agent Zigzag, Operation Mincemeat and the Cambridge Spies",Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/spy-runner/9780750992640/,"Most of us remember the seventh of September 1940 as the day the London docks were bombed and devastated by fire. I remember it as the day I was called up. But the police car that collected me took me to Wormwood Scrubs Prison . . . Major Ronnie Reed never spoke about what he did in the Second World War. He was only 23 when it broke out; an amateur radio enthusiast who was working as a maintenance engineer for the BBC. And yet, despite minimal money and qualifications, he became one of the men behind some of the most remarkable spy stories of all time. Recruited in the dead of night from his Anderson shelter, Ronnie became a case officer for double agents, including Eddie Chapman, known then as Agent Zigzag. The passport photo of The Man Who Never Was, was a photo of Ronnie Reed. For ten years after the Second World War, he headed the anti-Russian department of MI5, dealing with notorious spies such as Philby, Burgess and Maclean. In 1994, shortly before Ronnie’s death, he revealed the truth of his remarkable past to his son, Nicholas. In Spy Runner he reveals his father’s fascinating story with a collection of recently released reports and photos from The National Archives, and intimate family snaps.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9MGC5HJU,2020-09-01,Nicholas Reed,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:24:15Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6365,"X, Y and Z: the real story of how Enigma was broken",Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/x-y-and-z/9780750993937/,"In the darkest days of the Second World War, with Europe falling under German occupation and Britain facing invasion, a 36-year-old refugee from the Nazis, Louis de Wohl, made a curious offer to British Intelligence. Based on the widely-held belief that Hitler’s every action was guided by his horoscope, de Wohl claimed he could reveal precisely what advice the Fuhrer’s astrologers were giving him. Rather than being dismissed out of hand as a crank, Churchill could see de Wohl's worth for himself. He was subsequently made an army captain and quartered in the Grosvenor House Hotel, from where he passed detailed astrological readings to the War Office and Naval Intelligence, before being transferred to work for the SOE in the United States. Was it possible that senior military and naval intelligence officers could take the ancient and arcane practice of astrology seriously? And was de Wohl genuine or merely a charlatan? In The Astrologer, author James Parris examines the evidence, including recently released files, and reaches remarkable conclusions about this bizarre aspect of the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YSX4ELB8,2021-05-14,Dermot Turing,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:23:21Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6366,The Astrologer: how British intelligence plotted to read Hitler's mind,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/the-astrologer/9780750994187/,"In the darkest days of the Second World War, with Europe falling under German occupation and Britain facing invasion, a 36-year-old refugee from the Nazis, Louis de Wohl, made a curious offer to British Intelligence. Based on the widely-held belief that Hitler’s every action was guided by his horoscope, de Wohl claimed he could reveal precisely what advice the Fuhrer’s astrologers were giving him. Rather than being dismissed out of hand as a crank, Churchill could see de Wohl's worth for himself. He was subsequently made an army captain and quartered in the Grosvenor House Hotel, from where he passed detailed astrological readings to the War Office and Naval Intelligence, before being transferred to work for the SOE in the United States. Was it possible that senior military and naval intelligence officers could take the ancient and arcane practice of astrology seriously? And was de Wohl genuine or merely a charlatan? In The Astrologer, author James Parris examines the evidence, including recently released files, and reaches remarkable conclusions about this bizarre aspect of the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QDR68HIV,2021-06-01,James Parris,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:22:15Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6367,The Man who Never Was: the remarkable story of Operation Mincemeat,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/the-man-who-never-was/9780750993104/,"In the early hours of 30 April 1943, a corpse wearing the uniform of an officer in the Royal Marines was slipped into the waters off the south-west coast of Spain. With it was a briefcase, in which were papers detailing an imminent Allied invasion of Greece. As the British had anticipated, the supposedly neutral government of Fascist Spain turned the papers over to the Nazi High Command, who swallowed the story whole. It was perhaps the most decisive bluff of all time, for the Allies had no such plan: the purpose of ‘Operation Mincemeat’ was to blind the German High Command to their true objective – an attack on Southern Europe through Sicily. Though officially shrouded in secrecy, the operation soon became legendary (in part owing to Churchill’s habit of telling the story at dinner). Ewen Montagu was the operation’s mastermind, and in his celebrated post-war memoir, The Man who Never Was, he reveals the incredible true story behind ‘Operation Mincemeat’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VA4WEABB,2021-11-01,Ewen Montagu,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:20:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6368,Alan Turing Decoded: Alan Turing decoded,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/alan-turing-decoded/9780750998673/,"Alan Turing was an extraordinary man who crammed into his 42 years the careers of mathematician, codebreaker, computer scientist and biologist. He is widely regarded as a war hero grossly mistreated by his unappreciative country, and it has become hard to disentangle the real man from the story. Now Dermot Turing has taken a fresh look at the influences on his uncle’s life and creativity, and the creation of a legend. He discloses the real character behind the cipher-text, answering questions that help the man emerge from his legacy: how did Alan’s childhood experiences influence him? How did his creative ideas evolve? Was he really a solitary genius? What was his wartime work after 1942, and what of the Enigma story? What is the truth about the conviction for gross indecency, and did he commit suicide? In Alan Turing Decoded, Dermot’s vibrant and entertaining approach to the life and work of a true genius makes this a fascinating and authoritative read.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B43U466T,2021-11-04,Dermot Turing,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:19:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6369,"The Last Cambridge Spy: John Cairncross, Bletchley Park mole and Soviet agent",Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/the-last-cambridge-spy/9780750998604/,"John Cairncross was among the most damaging spies of the twentieth century. A member of the infamous Cambridge Ring of Five, he leaked highly sensitive documents from Bletchley Park, MI6 and the Treasury to the Soviet Union – including the first atomic secrets and raw decrypts from Enigma and Tunny that influenced the outcome of the Battle of Kursk in 1943. In 2014, Cairncross appeared as a secondary, though key, character in the biopic of Alan Turing’s life, The Imitation Game. While the other members of the Cambridge Ring of Five have been the subject of extensive biographical study, Cairncross has largely been overlooked by both academic and popular writers. Despite clear interest, he has remained a mystery – until now. The Last Cambridge Spy is the first ever biography of John Cairncross, using recently released material to tell the story of his life and espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4XC3MUUM,2022-01-27,Chris Smith,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:18:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6370,Before Bletchley Park: the codebreakers of the First World War,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/before-bletchley-park/9781803990064/,A fully revised and updated account of the author's acclaimed book Inside Room 40,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZH3WGISD,2022-07-28,Paul Gannon,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:09:47Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6371,Codeword Overlord: Axis espionage and the D-Day landings,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/codeword-overlord/9781803990576/,"It was inevitable that the Allies would invade France in the summer of 1944: the Nazis just had to figure out where and when. This job fell to the Abwehr and several other German intelligence services. Between them they put over 30,000 personnel to work studying British and American signals traffic, and achieved considerable success in intercepting and decrypting enemy messages. They also sent agents to England – but they weren’t to know that none of them would be successful. Until now, the Nazi intelligence community has been disparaged by historians as incompetent and corrupt, but newly released declassified documents suggest this wasn’t the case – and that they had a highly sophisticated system that concentrated on the threat of an Allied invasion. Written by acclaimed espionage historian Nigel West, Codeword Overlord is a vital reassessment of Axis behaviour in one of the most dramatic episodes of the twentieth century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RYKF3FYW,2022-09-29,Nigel West,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:07:41Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6372,Ring of Spies: how MI5 and the FBI brought down the Nazis in America,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/ring-of-spies/9781803990361/,"In 1935–37 America passed several Neutrality Acts, vowing never again to take sides in a European conflict. In 1938 public attitudes changed, with the American people beginning to favour Britain and turn against Germany – but what caused this shift of opinion? One reason was a tip-off received by the FBI on the eve of the Second World War, which led to the exposure of a Nazi spy ring operating right there in America. The FBI was able to bring the group to justice and launch a campaign to warn the American people about the Nazi threat to their shores and society. In Ring of Spies, Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones reveals how this case helped to awaken America to the Nazi menace, and how it skewed American opinion, thus spelling the end of US neutrality. Using evidence from FBI files he uncovers a story straight out of a detective novel featuring honey traps, fast cars and double agents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YGH2GH3I,2022-10-27,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:06:23Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6373,Current Intelligence: how the CIA's top-secret presidental briefing shaped history,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/current-intelligence/9780750998802/,"Every day, the President of the United States receives a bespoke, top-secret briefing document from the Central Intelligence Agency.Truman started them, Kennedy came to rely on them and Trump hardly read them. Current Intelligence charts almost a century of history and politics, revealing for the first time the day-to-day intelligence that lands on the Oval Office desk in the form of the President’s Daily Brief. Using recently declassified documents, it uncovers what successive American presidents knew and when, and what they did in response. The nuclear arms race, the Vietnam War and 9/11 might never have happened if presidents had read their Daily Briefs differently. By focusing on key moments, from the Cuban Missile Crisis and covert operations around the world, right up to the US withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, Current Intelligence reveals how intelligence has profoundly shaped our past and present.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RKLHSDVK,2022-11-10,David Charlwood,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:05:08Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6374,Female Secret Agents,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/female-secret-agents/9781803993751/,"Forget the adventure stories of James Bond, Kim Philby, Klaus Fuchs and co. – espionage is not just a boys’ game. As long as there has been conflict, there have been female agents behind the scenes. In Belgium and northern France in 1914–18 there were several thousand women actively working against the Kaiser’s forces occupying their homelands. In the Second World War, women of many nations opposed the Nazis, risking the firing squad or decapitation by axe or guillotine. Yet, many of those women did not have the right to vote for a government or even open a bank account. So why did they do it? Female Secret Agents explores the lives and the motivations of the women of many races and social classes who have risked their lives as secret agents, and celebrates their intelligence, strength and courage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JJJ2J7XY,2023-07-27,Douglas Boyd,The History Press,,2024-01-10T17:03:55Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6375,The Sisterhood: the secret history of women at the CIA,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/the-sisterhood/9780750999298/,"THE ACCLAIMED AUTHOR OF CODE GIRLS RETURNS WITH A REVELATORY HISTORY OF THREE GENERATIONS AT THE CIA – THE WOMEN WHO FOUGHT TO BECOME OPERATIVES, T RANSFORMED SPYCRAFT, AND TRACKED DOWN OSAMA BIN LADEN. Created in the aftermath of World War II, the Central Intelligence Agency relied on women even as it attempted to channel their talents and keep them down. Women sent cables, made dead drops, and maintained the agency’s secrets. Despite discrimination – even because of it – women who started as clerks, secretaries, or unpaid spouses rose to become some of the CIA’s shrewdest operatives. They were unlikely spies – and that’s exactly what made them perfect for the role. Because women were seen as unimportant, pioneering female intelligence officers moved unnoticed around Bonn, Geneva, and Moscow, stealing secrets from under the noses of their KGB adversaries. Back at headquarters, women built the CIA’s critical archives – first by hand, then by computer. And they noticed things that the men at the top didn’t see. As the CIA faced an identity crisis after the Cold War, it was a close-knit network of female analysts who spotted the rising threat of al-Qaeda – though their warnings were repeatedly brushed aside. After the 9/11 attacks, more women joined the agency as a new job, targeter, came to prominence. They showed that data analysis would be crucial to the post-9/11 national security landscape – an eff ort that culminated spectacularly in the CIA’s successful eff ort to track down bin Laden in his Pakistani compound. Propelled by the same meticulous reporting and vivid storytelling that infused Code Girls, The Sisterhood offers a riveting new perspective on history, revealing how women at the CIA ushered in the modern intelligence age, and how their silencing made the world more dangerous.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UEN7JB8N,2023-10-19,Liza Mundy,The History Press,,2024-01-10T16:49:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6376,Churchill's Spy Files: MI5's top-secret wartime reporters,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/churchills-spy-files/9781803994826/,"The Second World War saw the role of espionage, secret agents and spy services increase exponentially as the world was thrown into a conflict unlike any that had gone before it. At this time, no one in government was really aware of what MI5 and its brethren did. But with Churchill at the country’s helm, it was decided to let him in on the secret, providing him with a weekly report of the spy activities. These reports were so classified that he was handed each report personally and copies were never allowed to be made, nor was he allowed to keep hold of them. Even now, the documents only exist as physical copies deep in the archives, many pages annotated by hand by ‘W.S.C.’ himself. In Churchill’s Spy Files intelligence expert Nigel West unravels the tales of hitherto unknown spy missions, using this groundbreaking research to paint a fresh picture of the worldwide intelligence scene of the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RL5EMFHB,2023-10-26,Nigel West,The History Press,,2024-01-10T16:46:35Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6377,Enigma Traitors: The struggle to lose the cipher war,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/enigma-traitors/9781803991696/,"Everyone knows the story of Enigma and secret codebreaking in the Second World War: the triumph of Bletchley Park over world-class cipher technology. Except that excellence in codebreaking was nearly betrayed by incompetence in codemaking. German codebreakers were effective and Allied codes and ciphers were weak. With both sides reading each other’s codes, the biggest secret of all – that the codes had been broken – was now at risk. Sooner or later, on one side or the other, the cipher failures would become known, the systems would be changed and the most valuable source of intelligence would dry up. Were it not for obstinacy, overconfidence and ostrichism. On both sides. The Germans demanded that the traitors be rooted out; the British stifled cipher questions beneath a tangle of committees. The codebreakers’ contest became a struggle to lose the cipher war. From the very outset, the Enigma secret was one of treachery, betrayal and deception. This is the story of the people who fought behind the scenes for cipher security – and of the Enigma traitors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GUJWZWCY,2023-11-02,Dermot Turing,The History Press,,2024-01-05T00:39:58Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6378,Agent Cicero: Hitler's most successful spy,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/agent-cicero/9781803995281/,"Working for the British ambassador in Ankara in 1943, Bazna photographed top-secret documents and sold them to the Nazis. So started his career as a ‘walk-in’, a freelance spy whose loyalties lay with the highest bidder. His codename was Cicero. But a beautiful woman was to end it all. Cicero was compromised by an American-controlled agent working at the German Embassy, who obtained his codename and discovered that he was working at the British Embassy. He fled and narrowly avoided being captured by the tipped-off British. Finally free, he realised his money was worthless – most of it was counterfeit, produced by the Nazi scheme Operation Bernhard. In Agent Cicero: Hitler’s Most Successful Spy, Mark Simmons weaves together personal accounts by the leading characters and information from top-secret files from MI5, MI6 and the CIA to tell this astonishing story.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/82P8C2XR,2023-11-16,Mark Simmons,The History Press,,2024-01-10T16:44:03Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6379,Agent André: The German Jew at the heart of the SIS and French resistancec,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/agent-andre/9781803993461/,"As intriguing and compelling as a work of fiction, the memoirs of ‘André’ Joseph Scheinmann mesmerize and enthral the reader. His true-life story of derring-do starts as a Jewish youth in Munich, then as an escapee by forgery from a prisoner-of war camp after the bitterly brief fight for France in the summer of 1940. Undercover as a translator for the Nazis at the Brittany headquarters of the French National Railroads, for a year and a half he was a spy and saboteur for the British and Free French under his disguise as André Maurice Peulevey. Summoned by the British, he crossed the Channel by moonlight in kayak and motor-torpedo boat on a clandestine trip, underwent initiation and training as an MI6 agent in England, and was betrayed and arrested on his return to mainland Europe. André then began an even more perilous trip through Gestapo prisons to the little-known Natzweiler concentration camp. With clarity of vision, he maintained dignity and morale among his bunkmates and ferociously dedicated himself to the continued sabotage of the German war machine from inside that camp. Later at Dachau and Allach, he organized theatrical events and continued to pull the wool over the eyes of his tormentors. From youthful activism in the heart of Germany to the French Resistance, SIS, Gestapo prisons and concentration camps, André's story is an action-packed saga. A debonair young man in a broken world who remade himself as a cunning fighter for freedom, his insights and example give us a whole new perspective on espionage, the French Resistance, British Secret Intelligence Service, and surviving the Nazi war machine.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BY53I8VH,2024-04-25,Diana Mara Henry,The History Press,,2024-01-10T16:42:25Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6380,Airborne Espionage: International special duties operations in the world wars,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/airborne-espionage/9781803997148/,"At the outbreak of the World War I there was no formal organization for the transport of spies across enemy lines by aircraft and no communications network between the air forces and their agents. The exploits of British and Commonwealth, American, Free European, Soviet, German, Italian and Japanese airmen and units are recorded in this account.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V4LI6S2L,2015-01-13,David Oliver,The History Press,,2024-01-10T16:40:41Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6381,A Clear Case of Genius: Room 40's Code-breaking Pioneer,Book,https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/publication/a-clear-case-of-genius/9780750982658/,"IN 1933 the Admiralty banned ‘Blinker’ Hall from publishing his autobiography, but here, for the first time, those chapters that survived are presented in full. See what the renowned spymaster had to say about the British Naval Intelligence – the pinnacle of the world’s secret intelligence services. He explores the function of secret intelligence in wartime, censorship, subterfuge, the significance of Churchill in the Dardanelles campaign, the Zimmermann Telegram, the USA’s entry to the First World War and more. With supporting text and images by Philip Vickers and a foreword by expert author Nigel West, A Clear Case of Genius provides a unique insight into the thinking of one of Britain’s pioneering intelligence leaders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F57GED3G,2017,Reginald 'Blinker' Hall,The History Press,,2020-07-16T17:52:30Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6382,Soviet Military Intelligence in War,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Soviet-Military-Intelligence-in-War/Glantz/p/book/9780714640761,"This text is the second of three volumes written by Colonel Glantz on the contribution of intelligence and deception operations to the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany. It examines the area where intelligence and operations overlap; the nature of co-ordination between the two; and the support provided by intelligence to operational planning and execution (or the absence of such support). This is not a study of intelligence work as such, but of how intelligence can improve the chances of success on the battlefield by facilitating the more effective and economical use of troops.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IKPFFQBG,1990-11-30,David M. Glantz,Routledge,,2024-01-10T16:22:49Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6383,What Stalin Knew: The Enigma of Barbarossa,Book,https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300119817/what-stalin-knew,"This extensively researched book illuminates many of the enigmas that have surrounded the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, offering keen insights into Stalin’s thinking and the reasons for his catastrophic blunder.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZI33UE66,2006-12-01,David E. Murphy,Yale University Press,,2024-01-10T16:17:15Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6384,The Third Reich is Listening: Inside German codebreaking 1939–45,Book,https://www.ospreypublishing.com/uk/third-reich-is-listening-9781472829542/,"The success of the Allied codebreakers at Bletchley Park was one of the iconic intelligence achievements of World War II, immortalised in films such as The Imitation Game and Enigma. But cracking Enigma was only half of the story. Across the Channel, German intelligence agencies were hard at work breaking British and Allied codes. Now updated in paperback, The Third Reich is Listening is a gripping blend of modern history and science, and describes the successes and failures of Germany's codebreaking and signals intelligence operations from 1935 to 1945. The first mainstream book to take an in-depth look at German cryptanalysis in World War II, it tells how the Third Reich broke the ciphers of Allied and neutral countries, including Great Britain, France, Russia and Switzerland. This book offers a dramatic new perspective on one of the biggest stories of World War II, using declassified archive material and colourful personal accounts from the Germans at the heart of the story, including a former astronomer who worked out the British order of battle in 1940, a U-Boat commander on the front line of the Battle of the Atlantic, and the German cryptanalyst who broke into and read crucial codes of the British Royal Navy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MC5FKYK9,2019-10-31,Christian Jennings,Osprey Publishing,,2024-01-10T16:12:51Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6385,Captains Without Eyes: Intelligence Failures In World War II,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780429044151/captains-without-eyes-lyman-kirkpatrick-jr,"Written by a former Inspector General and Executive Director of the CIA. It describes the role of the failure in gathering and analyzing intelligence behind Barbarossa (German attack on Russia), Pearl Harbor, the 1942 Allied landing at Dieppe, France, the ""Market Garden"" assault on Arnhem (""A Bridge Too Far""), and the Battle of the Bulge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TJ4TTRCH,2019-05-31,Lyman B. Kirkpatrick,Routledge,,2024-01-10T16:06:24Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.4324/9780429044151,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4252057641,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 6386,A Signal-Intelligence War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948101600306,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I6KWW9RI,1981-07-01,Ronald Lewin,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-10T16:05:16Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1177/002200948101600306,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W406380641,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W406380641,2013.0,2024.0,1981.0,,32.0 6387,The 1980s Soviet War scare: New evidence from East German documents,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529908432558,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NCMP39VS,1999-09-01,Benjamin B. Fischer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-10T16:00:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529908432558,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2109881171,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2109881171,2013.0,2019.0,1999.0,,14.0 6388,The Craft of Intelligence: AMERICA'S LEGENDARY SPY MASTER ON THE FUNDAMENTALS OF INTELLIGENCE GATHERING FOR A FREE WORLD,Book,http://lyonspress.com/books/9781493018796,"If the experts could point to any single book as a starting point for understanding the subject of intelligence from the late twentieth century to today, that single book would be Allen W. Dulles's The Craft of Intelligence. This classic of spycraft is based on Allen Dulles's incomparable experience as a diplomat, international lawyer, and America's premier intelligence officer. Dulles was a high-ranking officer of the CIA's predecessor--the Office of Strategic Services--and was present at the inception of the CIA, where he served eight of his ten years there as director. Here he sums up what he learned about intelligence from nearly a half-century of experience in foreign affairs. In World War II his OSS agents penetrated the German Foreign Office, worked with the anti-Nazi underground resistance, and established contacts that brought about the Nazi military surrender in North Italy. Under his direction the CIA developed both a dedicated corps of specialists and a whole range of new intelligence devices, from the U-2 high-altitude photographic plane to minute electronic listening and transmitting equipment. Dulles reveals much about how intelligence is collected and processed, and how the resulting estimates contribute to the formation of national policy. He discusses methods of surveillance, and the usefulness of defectors from hostile nations. His knowledge of Soviet espionage techniques is unrivaled, and he explains how the Soviet State Security Service recruited operatives and planted ""illegals"" in foreign countries. He spells out not only the techniques of modern espionage but also the philosophy and role of intelligence in a free society threatened by global conspiracies. Dulles also addresses the Bay of Pigs incident, denying that the 1961 invasion was based on a CIA estimate that a popular Cuban uprising would ensue. This account is enlivened with a wealth of personal anecdotes. It is a book for readers who seek wider understanding of the contribution of intelligence to our national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/774DGDB4,2004-10-01,Allen W. Dulles,Lyon Press,,2024-01-10T15:58:55Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6389,"The Kriegsmarine, Signals Intelligence and the Development of the B-Dienst Before the Second World War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537030,"This article explores the development of the Kriegsmarine's signals intelligence service, the B-Dienst, and its role in operational planning prior to 1939. It challenges the prevalent view that the Kriegsmarine had little interest in intelligence gathering and contends that the naval leadership understood the implications and possibilities of this new intelligence source. By employing hitherto unused source material the article demonstrates how the B-Dienst was systematically protected and nurtured by the naval staff. Consequently the Kriegsmarine entered the Second World War with a well-prepared signals intelligence machinery from which it reaped the rewards in the first half of the conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5ELY9LD8,2010-08-01,Marcus Faulkner,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-05-21T21:41:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2010.537030,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054338656,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054338656,2019.0,2019.0,2010.0,,9.0 6390,"Breaking the enemy's code: British intelligence deciphered Germany's top-secret military communications with colossus, an early vacuum-tube computer",Journal article,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6448935?casa_token=BxRMYURn6WMAAAAA:yYbtPY1sUn3vnhcASJITaYK8pamn2ad_hhNSbrq9T34hje0E2i7Kvzs3OGjnx_vIPbbL_A4,"The contributions of Allied cryptanalysis to the outcome of countless battles, campaigns, and operations during World War II are discussed. The development of cipher machines for unraveling stubborn codes is described. The use of Colossus (the British high-speed programmable machine) to break the code produced by the German Enigma encryption machine is discussed in some detail.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F2HXYQPQ,1987-09,Glenn Zorpette,,IEEE Spectrum,2024-01-10T15:52:52Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1109/MSPEC.1987.6448935,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2058960271,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2058960271,2014.0,2014.0,1987.0,,27.0 6391,The Intelligence Establishment,Book,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.4159/harvard.9780674368699/html,"The Intelligence Establishment by Harry Howe Ransom was published on October 1, 2013 by Harvard University Press.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5733L3FZ,2013-10-01,Harry Howe Ransom,Harvard University Press,,2024-01-10T15:51:43Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.4159/harvard.9780674368699,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1966281454,59.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1966281454,2014.0,2025.0,1970.0,,44.0 6392,"The Battle of the Atlantic and Signals Intelligence: U–Boat Situations and Trends, 1941–1945",Book,https://www.routledge.com/The-Battle-of-the-Atlantic-and-Signals-Intelligence-U-Boat-Situations-and/Syrett/p/book/9780815382775,"This book contains the U-boats situations and trends written by the staff of the Admiralty’s Operational Intelligence Centre during the Second World War. Based largely on communications intelligence, the U-boat situations and trends were designed to inform a small number of senior officers and high officials of the latest events and developments in the Allied war against the U-boats. The Battle of the Atlantic and the war against the U-boats was the longest and the most complex naval battle in history. In this huge conflict which sprawled across the oceans of the world the U-boats sank 2,828 Allied merchant ships while the Allies destroyed more than 780 German U-boats. These documents relate on a weekly, and in some cases a daily, basis exactly what the Allies knew concerning the activities of the U-boats during the Battle of the Atlantic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XYBK43PD,2019-01-28,David Syrett,Routledge,,2024-01-10T15:50:13Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6393,"Knowing the Adversary: Leaders, Intelligence, and Assessment of Intentions in International Relations",Book,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781400850419/html,"States are more likely to engage in risky and destabilizing actions such as military buildups and preemptive strikes if they believe their adversaries pose a tangible threat. Yet despite the crucial importance of this issue, we don't know enough about how states and their leaders draw inferences about their adversaries' long-term intentions. Knowing the Adversary draws on a wealth of historical archival evidence to shed new light on how world leaders and intelligence organizations actually make these assessments. Keren Yarhi-Milo examines three cases: Britain's assessments of Nazi Germany's intentions in the 1930s, America's assessments of the Soviet Union's intentions during the Carter administration, and the Reagan administration's assessments of Soviet intentions near the end of the Cold War. She advances a new theoretical framework—called selective attention—that emphasizes organizational dynamics, personal diplomatic interactions, and cognitive and affective factors. Yarhi-Milo finds that decision makers don't pay as much attention to those aspects of state behavior that major theories of international politics claim they do. Instead, they tend to determine the intentions of adversaries on the basis of preexisting beliefs, theories, and personal impressions. Yarhi-Milo also shows how intelligence organizations rely on very different indicators than decision makers, focusing more on changes in the military capabilities of adversaries. Knowing the Adversary provides a clearer picture of the historical validity of existing theories, and broadens our understanding of the important role that diplomacy plays in international security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H49NU3UJ,2014-07-21,Keren Yarhi-Milo,Princeton University Press,,2024-01-10T15:49:29Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1515/9781400850419,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2265765582,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2265765582,2016.0,2016.0,2014.0,,2.0 6394,The Subjectivity of Intelligence Analysis and Implications for the U.S. National Security Strategy,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/26999206,"The language used to describe intelligence estimates as objective reflections of available evidence has led in some cases to a misunderstanding of the role of intelligence in supporting the decision to go to war in Iraq. Saying that the estimate that identified the threats was either ""right"" or ""wrong"" ignores the probabilistic nature of intelligence assessments and the necessary subjective elements that make them useful to policymakers. By making this clear in the case of Iraq, we can separate the crucial question of how policy should be decided in the face of increased uncertainty and even more elusive enemies than have been faced in the past. Only then does it make sense to say how intelligence can be made more useful, leaving behind the misguided question of whether the intelligence community was right or wrong on Iraq.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CGS2KAK5,2004,Kevin Russell,The Johns Hopkins University Press,The SAIS Review of International Affairs,2024-01-10T15:46:53Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6395,Mexican Intelligence at a Crossroad,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/26999204,"Following Vicente Fox's presidential election victory in July 2000, movement toward reform of Mexico's intelligence community emerged as one of the issues the new administration intended to address. The appointment of Adolfo Aguilar Zinser as National Security Advisor heralded a change in Mexico's traditional national security policymaking mechanisms, product of the 71-year rule of the Revolutionary Institutional Party. An examination of the Center of Intelligence and National Security and its legal underpinnings, along with an assessment of other underlying problems afflicting the wider intelligence community in Mexico reveal the challenges and pitfalls that confronted early reform attempts by the Fox administration. With this backdrop in mind, an overview of two specific intelligence reform bills recently introduced by opposition parties in Congress reveal the priorities legislators had in mind for overhauling the state security apparatus. Nevertheless, the slow pace of reform leaves unanswered several national security and intelligence challenges facing the Mexican state as the country grapples with an unprecedented political transition.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2XAA4QSX,2004,Christophe Leroy,The Johns Hopkins University Press,The SAIS Review of International Affairs,2024-01-10T15:46:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6396,"It Is Time to Transform, Not Reform, U.S. Intelligence",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/26999198,"Intelligence reform has traditionally been the purview of those outside of the Intelligence Community. Many insiders would argue that intelligence reform efforts have resulted in more regulation and bureaucracy and little, if any, improvement in intelligence performance. To address the challenges that the United States will face in the future, it needs to look forward to transforming intelligence, not backwards at reforming it. The transformation of intelligence, however, will require a three-way partnership among external catalysts who bring new ideas to the table, legislative overseers who support new ideas through funding and legislation, and internal supporters who evaluate and then implement change.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LV92GSQA,2004,Deborah G. Barger,The Johns Hopkins University Press,The SAIS Review of International Affairs,2024-01-10T15:45:02Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6397,Intelligence for the Homeland Smart Intelligence?,Journal article,https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/susrwoil24&i=5,"Two years after the September 11th attacks on America, a significant gap remains in our defenses against terrorists and other forms offoreign attack. The problem is that we still lack adequate homeland intelligence. As a result, we are still ill prepared to detect, analyze, and monitor foreign threats inside our borders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KLM3N3FU,2004,Bruce Berkowitz,,SAIS Review of International Affairs,2024-01-10T15:43:28Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6398,Intelligence Transformation and Intelligence Liaison Smart Intelligence?,Journal article,https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/susrwoil24&i=78,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/76YJP3WI,2004,Michael Warner,,SAIS Review of International Affairs,2024-01-10T15:42:51Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6399,"Circulation, not cooperation: towards a new understanding of intelligence agencies as transnationally constituted knowledge providers",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1938371,"Theoretical approaches to international intelligence relations primarily rely on the inadequate concept of cooperation. I offer an alternative analytical framework based on the concept of knowledge circulation. Knowledge circulation highlights that intelligence agencies are not highly bounded, national actors, butconstituted by transnationally circulated knowledge. Knowledge circulation draws attention to an autonomous realm of transnational intelligence relations, and thus offers insights for scholars, policy makers and practitioners. The article references understudied examples of intelligence relations and closes with an example of how the story of US-WestGerman intelligence relations could be retold via a knowledge circulation framework.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7AVKRXID,2021-09-19,Sophia Hoffmann,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-10T15:39:14Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1938371,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3180254033,15.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3180254033,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1938371?needAccess=true,1.0 6400,Democratic Control and National Security Intelligence Services in the United States (1972-1980),Journal article,https://www.scielo.br/j/vh/a/WMLB4H7Hzdb8cLtCnc5Kkbm/?lang=en,"This article delves into the vicissitudes of democratic control of government intelligence activities in the United States between 1972 and 1980. The previous phase of the Cold War (1947-1971), characterized by the intense systemic polarization between the United States and the Soviet Union, coupled with the expansion of state capacity and internal social conflicts within the US, contributed to the establishment of complex national systems of intelligence organizations and activities in both countries. In the 1970s, the strategic stabilization of US-USSR relations (détente) depended, in part, on the technological advancements in intelligence gathering from communications, signals, and imagery via satellites. Police and military surveillance of internal dissidents and the growing political crisis towards the end of the Nixon administration created the conditions for an unprecedented and consistent attempt to exert democratic external control over intelligence operations by the Legislative and Judiciary branches. The resurgence of the Cold War from 1980 onwards and the election of Reagan marked the beginning of a partial reversal of the controls. In less than a decade, a highly institutionalized democracy such as the US made great efforts and experienced difficulties regulating and controlling intelligence activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZKN65FL9,2024-01-05,"Júlio Rodriguez, Marco Cepik","Pós-Graduação em História, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",Varia Historia,2024-01-10T15:23:47Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1590/0104-87752023000300023,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390606423,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://www.scielo.br/j/vh/a/WMLB4H7Hzdb8cLtCnc5Kkbm/?lang=en&format=pdf, 6401,The Third Reich's Intelligence Services: The Career of Walter Schellenberg,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/gb/universitypress/subjects/history/twentieth-century-european-history/third-reichs-intelligence-services-career-walter-schellenberg,"This is the first-ever analytical study of Nazi Germany's political foreign intelligence service, Office VI of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt and its head, Walter Schellenberg. Katrin Paehler tells the story of Schellenberg's career in policing and intelligence, charts the development and activities of the service he eventually headed, and discusses his attempts to place it at the center of Nazi foreign intelligence and foreign policy. The book locates the service in its proper pedigree of the SS as well as in relation to its two main rivals - the Abwehr and the Auswärtige Amt. It also considers the role Nazi ideology played in the conceptualization and execution of foreign intelligence, revealing how this ideological prism fractured and distorted Office VI's view of the world. The book is based on contemporary and postwar documents - many recently declassified - from archives in the United States, Germany, and Russia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PD2G6MAU,2017-04-01,Katrin Paehler,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-10T15:15:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6402,Military Intelligence and Long-Term Planning in the Ninth Century: The Carolingians and Their Adversaries,Book,https://www.peterlang.com/document/1329399,"Historians of warfare in the western tradition have devoted considerable attention to the problem of military intelligence from the Greek and Persian wars of the fifth century B.C.E. up to the recent past. Strikingly absent from this conversation, however, has been the treatment of the acquisition and analysis of information for military purposes in pre-Crusade Europe, particularly in the Carolingian and immediate post-Carolingian world. In part, this lacuna is the result of a general neglect by modern scholars of military matters in the ninth and tenth centuries. A second major reason for the lack of studies of military intelligence is the dead hand of nineteenth-century romantic-nationalist historiography that has imposed a “dark-age” straight-jacket on many aspects of the history of the early medieval world. This emphatically includes the history of warfare, which has been treated in the context of a putatively Tacitean or",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2TC88QZR,2023-02-15,"Bernard S. Bachrach, David S. Bachrach",Peter Lang,,2024-01-10T14:58:17Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6403,Dealing with the Devil: Anglo-Soviet Intelligence Cooperation During the Second World War,Book,https://www.peterlang.com/document/1129604,"When Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Moscow officials expected the British Navy to appear on the shore of Leningrad, fulfilling the Bolshevik nightmare of a concerted Capitalist plot. Instead, Prime Minister Winston Churchill reached out to promise support to the Kremlin and collaborate with Britain’s former archenemy. Fighting the Nazi menace together became the new priority, leading to unprecedented levels of cooperation between the two governments. In order to defeat the Nazis, Britain and the USSR shared intelligence and revealed operative secrets to each other, including those of the secretive security services. They helped with the dispatch of agents and even ran agents together, attempting to foil German counter-intelligence strategies. For much of the Cold War, crucial facts of this collaboration remained top secret. Based on recently declassified files, Dealing with the Devil explores this little known chapter of the Second World War. This study underscores the willingness of the USSR and Britain to join forces and disclose many of their closely guarded secrets. The book uses personnel files and other historical sources to reveal for the first time the activities of officers and agents on this «invisible front», recounting the actions of many brave men and women who risked their lives to defeat the Nazis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RKVIKL4B,2010-03-09,Donal O'Sullivan,Peter Lang,,2024-01-10T14:34:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6404,Signals Intelligence in World War II: A Research Guide,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/signals-intelligence-in-world-war-ii-9780313037672/,"In 1974 Frederick W. Winterbotham's book The Ultra Secret disclosed the Allied success in breaking the German high command ciphers in World War II, and a new form of history began—the study of intelligence and its impact on military operations and international politics. This guide documents and annotates over 800 sources that have appeared in the past 20 years. It examines and evaluates primary and secondary sources dealing with the role of ULTRA and MAGIC in the Pearl Harbor attack, the battles of the Atlantic, Coral Sea, and Midway, and the campaigns in the Mediterranean, Northwest Europe, the Middle East, and the Pacific, as well as in the realm of espionage and special operations. It also covers sources on the Sigint and cryptanalytic programs of the Axis and neutral powers. The book examines and annotates primary and secondary sources on the role of ULTRA and MAGIC in the Pearl Harbor attack, the battles of the Atlantic, Coral Sea, and Midway, and the campaigns in the Mediterranean, Northwest Europe, the Middle East, and the Pacific, as well as in the realm of espionage and special operations. It also provides details on sources concerned with Sigint and cryptanalytic programs of the Axis and neutral powers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C8SU3HL8,1996-06-18,Donal J. Sexton,Bloomsbury,,2024-01-10T14:30:58Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6405,"Screening ‘torch’: Allied counter‐intelligence and the Spanish threat to the secrecy of the allied invasion of French North Africa in November, 1942",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684528908432001,"(1989). Screening ‘torch’: Allied counter‐intelligence and the Spanish threat to the secrecy of the allied invasion of French North Africa in November, 1942. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 335-356.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2D2RJSS4,1989-4-1,Denis Smyth,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-10T14:00:14Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528908432001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089980951,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089980951,2015.0,2019.0,1989.0,,26.0 6406,"The Intelligence War in Latin America, 1914–1922",Book,https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/the-intelligence-war-in-latin-america-1914-1922/,"World War I did not bypass Latin America. Within days of the war’s outbreak, European belligerents mobilized intelligence assets and secret diplomacy to compete for Latin America’s allegiances and resources. This intelligence war entangled all of the American republics and even Japan. Dreary consular offices from the Rio Grande to the Straits of Magellan were abruptly thrust into covert activities, trafficking in fugitives, running contraband and conducting sabotage. Revolutionary and counter-revolutionary movements, big oil, international banks and businesses were also drawn in. Drawing on long-classified U.S. intelligence documents, this narrative of the Latin American intelligence war reveals the complexity and chaos behind the placid veneer of wartime Pan-America. The author connects the dots between Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Guatemala City, Lima, Havana, Santiago, Rio de Janeiro, Berlin, London, Washington, Tokyo and dozens of safe houses, front companies, consulates, legations and headquarters in between. Scores of unrecognized veterans of the intelligence war are revealed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XUZ4W3VN,2016-01-01,Jamie Bisher,,,2024-01-10T13:58:44Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6407,Does Effective Espionage Lead to Success in Science and Technology? Lessons from the East German Ministry for State Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000222920,"This article explores the question of whether effective scientific-technical intelligence can enhance an economic and technological level of a country. It opens with a general discussion of Eastern Bloc scientific-technical espionage, then presents some common elements of effective espionage and turns to the East German Ministry for State Security's Sector for Science and Technology in order to explore the question. Examples from the computer industry and three biographical cases of agents working in digital telephone switching, computers and military technology reveal the extent to which the espionage was integrated into the science system—the ultimate success of scientific-technical espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SYVLED33,2004-03-01,Kristie Macrakis,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-10T13:57:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/0268452042000222920,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079077906,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079077906,2014.0,2023.0,2004.0,,10.0 6408,"French intelligence and the fall of France, 1930–40",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684528908431983,"(1989). French intelligence and the fall of France, 1930–40. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 28-58.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y9VIK6MI,1989-1-1,Douglas Porch,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-10T12:16:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684528908431983,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2140444245,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2140444245,,,1989.0,, 6409,U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/us-intelligence-and-the-nazis/A711545ABC0C9FD286E0D2D7FDB3BF69,"This book is a direct result of the 1998 Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act. Drawing upon many documents declassified under this law, the authors demonstrate what US intelligence agencies learned about Nazi crimes during World War II and about the nature of Nazi intelligence agencies' role in the Holocaust. It examines how some US corporations found ways to profit from Nazi Germany's expropriation of the property of German Jews. This book also reveals startling new details on the Cold War connections between the US government and Hitler's former officers. At a time when intelligence successes and failures are at the center of public discussion, US Intelligence and the Nazis also provides an unprecedented inside look at how intelligence agencies function during war and peacetime.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YTWUJASC,2005,"Richard Breitman, Norman J. W. Goda, Timothy Naftali, Robert Wolfe",Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-10T12:01:17Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1017/CBO9780511618178,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4298981703,31.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4298981703,2012.0,2026.0,2005.0,,7.0 6410,"Watching the rising sun: German and *American military attaché reports and intelligence failure in Japan, 1931–1939",Thesis,https://www.proquest.com/docview/305175009/abstract/DF475CE88F93495DPQ/1,"This dissertation, through the systematic and detailed evaluation and comparative analysis of German and American military and naval attaché reports on Japan from 1931–1939, argues that both German and American attachés failed to provide adequate military intelligence information on Japan for the period in question. Both Germany and the United States misunderstood and incorrectly assessed Japanese aims and capabilities on the eve of World War II. German attachés generally overestimated Japanese potential for expansion on the Asian mainland, and in particular Japanese aims for expansion at the expense of the Soviet Union. American attachés generally underestimated the Japanese ability to wage war and misunderstood Japan's commitment to its affairs in China. As a result, both Germany and the United States misjudged Japanese intentions and capabilities in World War II, with negative consequences for each nation. Attaché reports were the most important intelligence source for both Germany and the United States in the 1930's, and any attempt at characterizing the intelligence efforts of Germany and the United States in Japan must take these reports into account. This dissertation utilizes reports deposited at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. and at the Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv Freiburg in Freiburg, Germany. While historical evaluations of intelligence efforts prior to World War II exist, there are very few studies pertaining to attachés, and this dissertation will be the first to attempt a systematic and detailed evaluation of the “ground-level” intelligence collected by observers such as attachés. This project should help, therefore, to fill a gap in the historical record by providing a clearer understanding of German and American intelligence on Japan prior to World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8KSQPZ2U,2004-01-01,William D. Voss,,,2024-01-10T11:18:24Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,PhD Thesis,Kansas State University,,,,,,,,, 6411,"Foreign Intelligence: Research and Analysis in the Office of Strategic Services, 1942-1945",Book,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.4159/harvard.9780674181519/html,"Much has been written about the Office of Strategic Services (OSS)--the forerunner of the CIA--and the exploits of its agents during World War II. Virtually unknown, however, is the work of the extraordinary community of scholars who were handpicked by ""Wild Bill"" Donovan and William L. Langer and recruited for wartime service in the OSS's Research and Analysis Branch (R&A). Known to insiders as the ""Chairborne Division,"" the faculty of R&A was drawn from a dozen social science disciplines and challenged to apply its academic skills in the struggle against fascism. Its mandate: to collect, analyze, and disseminate intelligence about the enemy. Foreign Intelligence is the first comprehensive history of this extraordinary behind-the-scenes group. The R&A Branch assembled scholars of widely divergent traditions and practices--Americans and recent European émigrés; philosophers, historians, and economists; regionalists and functionalists; Marxists and positivists--all engaged in the heady task of translating the abstractions of academic discourse into practical politics. Drawing on extensive, newly declassified archival sources, Barry M. Katz traces the careers of the key players in R&A, whose assessments helped to shape U.S. policy both during and after the war. He shows how these scholars, who included some of the most influential theorists of our time, laid the foundation of modern intelligence work. Their reports introduced the theories and methods of academic discourse into the workings of government, and when they returned to their universities after the war, their wartime experience forever transformed the world of scholarship. Authoritative, probing, and wholly original, Foreign Intelligence not only sheds new light on this overlooked aspect of the U.S. intelligence record, it also offers a startling perspective on the history of intellectual thought in the twentieth century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VL2285RU,2013-10-01,Barry M. Katz,Harvard University Press,,2024-01-10T11:16:48Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.4159/harvard.9780674181519,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4248245670,161.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4248245670,2012.0,2025.0,1989.0,,23.0 6412,German Air Force Signal Intelligence 1956: A Museum of Comint and Sigint,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0161-119991887874,A survey of the development of the German Air Force Intelligence organization is given. Included is a description of the first public German Museum of Air Force Signal Intelligence located at the General von Seidel Kaserne (Garrison) at Trier-Euren.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4LR85P29,1999-07-01,Michael van der Meulen,Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2024-01-10T11:15:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/0161-119991887874,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2095117397,0.0,False,,,,1999.0,, 6413,The Media Strategies of Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850600152617128,"(2001). The Media Strategies of Intelligence Services. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 485-502.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8U9EQ2X6,2001-10-1,Shlomo Shpiro,Informa UK Ltd,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-10T11:14:49Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],10.1080/08850600152617128,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065223463,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065223463,2013.0,2024.0,2001.0,,12.0 6414,Intelligence and international relations in the early Cold War,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-international-studies/article/abs/intelligence-and-international-relations-in-the-early-cold-war/DBE8BCAA9EF592D1BE0DF76B77E9A43E,"Almost no historian of the Second World War nowadays fails to acknowledge the important role of signals intelligence (SIGINT). By contrast, most histories of postwar international relations omit – without explanation – all reference to SIGINT. Neglect of this and other aspects of intelligence has significantly distorted the study of the Cold War. A new generation of scholars, however, has begun to challenge this neglect. The article seeks to show how recent research on intelligence is changing our understanding of the early Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YSHK8RT7,1998-07-01,Christopher Andrew,Cambridge University Press,Review of International Studies,2024-01-10T11:13:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1017/S0260210598003210,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2107653444,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2107653444,2014.0,2024.0,1998.0,,16.0 6415,Hitler's Generals in America: Nazi POWs and Allied Military Intelligence,Book,https://academic.oup.com/kentucky-scholarship-online/book/13918,"The book examines the evolution of the relationship between American officials and the fifty-five Wehrmacht general officers who were held as prisoners of war in the United States between June 1943 and August 1946. The transformation of this relationship, wrought by the developments of the war and the national security concerns of the immediate postwar era, illustrates two important points. First, despite some similarities, the respective priorities of British and American authorities regarding their POW general officers differed significantly. British officials consistently interrogated and eavesdropped on all of their senior officer prisoners, primarily seeking operational and tactical intelligence to aid the Allied war effort. Once the war had been won, the operation was immediately discontinued. In sharp contrast to their British allies, the Americans initially had little regard for the value of Wehrmacht general officer POWs. Only after the success of the Allied invasion of Normandy did American authorities began to evaluate what, if any, role the generals in their custody might play in the reconstruction of postwar Germany. Second, following the German surrender, American authorities reconceptualized their German prisoner-of-war generals as potential “allies.” The needs of the war in the Pacific, American admiration for the German military model, and Western Allied fears of Soviet intentions transformed Washington’s relationship with Wehrmacht general officers in the immediate postwar era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8BMVP746,2013-11-20,Derek R. Mallett,University Press of Kentucky,,2024-01-10T11:12:15Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.5810/kentucky/9780813142517.001.0001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4254593830,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4254593830,2015.0,2021.0,2013.0,,2.0 6416,Smersh: Soviet Military Counter-intelligence during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948702200403,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TLDNBRXL,1987-10-01,Robert Stephan,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-10T11:10:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1177/002200948702200403,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W56143163,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W56143163,2022.0,2022.0,1987.0,,35.0 6417,The Success of Operation Fortitude: Hesketh's History of Strategic Deception,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203061626-7/success-operation-fortitude-cubbage,"In February 1949 Colonel Roger Fleetwood Hesketh of the British Army put the finishing touches to the preface of one of the most remarkable historical manuscripts of the Second World War. Fifty copies were printed and stamped TOP SECRET. Colonel Hesketh’s manuscript, ‘FORTITUDE: A History of Strategic Deception in North Western Europe – April, 1943 to May, 1945’, is the definitive history of how the deception operation Fortitude South was accomplished by a handful of Abwehr double agents under the control of Britain’s MI5 in support of the deception operations plans of Ops (B) at SHAEF. The manuscript has remained unpublished for far too long. It needs to be known and talked about. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XQSIZCZS,1987-09-01,T. L. Cubbage,Routledge,,2024-01-10T10:21:47Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6418,American Strategic Deception in the Pacific: 1942–44,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203061626-5/american-strategic-deception-pacific-1942%E2%80%9344-katherine-herbig,"In standard American histories of the Second World War in the Pacific it has been the Japanese who are credited with the ability and the will to deceive their enemies, not the Americans. Japan’s surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, which humiliated the US and catapulted the country into the war, became the popular archetype for Japanese treachery. When the investigations of the Pearl Harbor raid held during and after the war revealed that the attack itself had been supported by a clever deception campaign, this only reinforced the stereotype. The Japanese had simulated radio traffic from their invasion fleet which falsely placed it in the coastal waters south of Japan, not headed north-west toward Hawaii. They had planted false clues to their own unpreparedness, such as sending Japanese soldiers ashore on leave just hours before their ships sailed. They had reinforced garrisons in Manchuria to suggest a northern target for their obvious military preparations instead of the true southern one, and they had prolonged their show of diplomatic negotiations in Washington. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KQEKUKST,1987-09-01,Katherine L. Herbig,Routledge,,2024-01-10T10:21:08Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6419,The Red Mask: The Nature and Legacy of Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203061626-4/red-mask-david-glantz,"As students of war and believers in dialectical materialism, modern Soviet military theorists appreciate the accelerated pace of contemporary war, and the potential impact of modern weaponry on its course and outcome. They realize the importance of time and the broadened spatial dimensions of global war. Most important, they understand the increased importance of surprise, particularly at strategic and operational levels, and the decisive effects it has on friend and foe. As a leading Soviet military theorist, Colonel V.E. Savkin, wrote in The Basic Principles of Operational Art and Tactics (1972): The ways and methods of achieving surprise are very diverse … Depending on the concrete conditions of the situation, surprise may be achieved by leading the enemy astray with regard to one’s intentions, by secrecy in preparation and swiftness of troop operations, by broad use of night time conditions, by the unexpected employment of nuclear weapons and other means of destruction, by delivering a forceful attack when and where the enemy does not expect it, and by employing methods of conduct and combat operations and new means of warfare unknown to the enemy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XP6G6YZ2,1987-09-01,David M. Glantz,Routledge,,2024-01-10T10:19:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6420,The German Misapprehensions Regarding Overlord: Understanding Failure in the Estimative Process,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203061626-3/german-misapprehensions-regarding-overlord-cubbage,"From the German perspective, the D-Day invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944 came as both a strategic and tactical surprise. 1 Within the context of the Second World War and the German intelligence analysis and command decision apparatus, this article seeks to examine the vital questions: what are the root causes of failure in the estimative process, and why does strategic surprise appear inevitable? 2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HUAJGGB9,1987,T. L. Cubbage,Routledge,,2024-01-10T10:19:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL']",,Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6421,A German Perspective on Allied Deception Operations in the Second World War,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203061626-6/german-perspective-allied-deception-operations-second-world-war-klaus-j%C3%BCrgen-m%C3%BCller,"Writing the history of intelligence operations is s tricky and hazardous undertaking. The writer is treading on slippery ground full of snares and delusions. First, there is a serious lack of sources; even four decades after the end of the Second World War a substantial portion of relevant sources still remain inaccessible to researching historians. Even more disastrously for historical research, there is good reason to assume that valuable information was never entrusted to, or was deleted from, the registry of any intelligence agency. Even after becoming accessible, the archives would not provide sufficient material to help or hinder the researcher. In the preface to his book on MI-6 Nigel West gives some telling examples. 1 Finally, the researcher has to rely largely on authors who belonged to the intelligence community. It is, however, obvious that writing one’s own history is not the best way to be objective, no matter how hard one tries. Moreover, these writers are subject to lapses of memory after so long; this cannot be denied despite the wealth of interesting and valuable information they pass on to their readers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G78E8VG6,1987-09-01,Klaus-Jürgen Müller,Routledge,,2024-01-10T10:18:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,Strategic and Operational Deception in the Second World War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6422,Agents of Influence: Britain's Secret Intelligence War Against the IRA,Book,https://www.irishacademicpress.ie/product/agents-of-influence/,"Recruited by British Intelligence to infiltrate the IRA and Sinn Féin during the height of the Northern Ireland Troubles, they were ‘agents of influence’. With codenames like INFLICTION, STAKEKNIFE, 3007 and CAROL, these spies played a pivotal role in the fight against Irish republicanism. Now, for the first time, some of these agents have emerged from the shadows to tell their compelling stories. Agents of Influence takes you behind the scenes of the secret intelligence war which helped bring the IRA’s armed struggle to an end. Historian Aaron Edwards, the critically acclaimed author of UVF: Behind the Mask, explains how the IRA was penetrated by British agents, with explosive new revelations about the hidden agendas of prominent republicans like Martin McGuinness and Freddie Scappaticci and lesser-known ones like Joe Haughey and John Joe Magee. Bringing to light recently declassified TOP SECRET documents and the first-hand testimonies of agents and their handlers, Edwards reveals how British Intelligence gained extraordinary access to the IRA’s inner circle and manipulated them into engaging with the peace process. With new insights into the spy masters behind the scenes, their strategies and tactics, and operations in Europe, the United States and beyond, Agents of Influence offers a rare and shocking glimpse into betrayal at the heart of Irish republicanism during the vicious decades of the Troubles.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WK3WY2SM,2021-04-01,Aaron Edwards,Merrion Press,,2021-03-18T10:56:45Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'V7KUA58M']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6423,Western Intelligence and the Collapse of the Soviet Union: 1980-1990: Ten Years that did not Shake the World,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203011607/western-intelligence-collapse-soviet-union-ran-edelist-david-arbel,"In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed. It was an event of major historic and global dimensions, yet it took the entire world totally by suprise. In this book, the authors interview dozens of people who dealt with Soviet affairs in the 1980s, all of who admit to having been caught off guard.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KGL4X7X,2003-04-01,"David Arbel, Ran Edelist",Routledge,,2024-01-10T09:42:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9780203011607,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W594652321,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W594652321,2012.0,2025.0,2004.0,,8.0 6424,The Secret War for the Middle East: The Influence of Axis and Allied Intelligence Operations During World War II,Book,https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Secret_War_for_the_Middle_East.html?id=mTRlAgAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y,"It can be argued that the Middle East during the World War II has been regarded as that conflict's most overlooked theater of operations. Though the threat of direct Axis invasion never materialized beyond the Egyptian Western Desert with Rommel's Afrika Korps, this did not limit the Axis from probing the Middle East and cultivating potential collaborators and sympathizers. These actions left an indelible mark in the socio-political evolution of the modern states of the Middle East. This book explores the infusion of the political language of anti-Semitism, nationalism, fascism, and Marxism that were among the ideological byproducts of Axis and Allied intervention in the Arab world. The status of British-dominated Middle East was tailor-made for exploitation by Axis intelligence and propaganda. German and Italian intelligence efforts fueled anti-British resentments; their influence shaped the course of Arab nationalist sentiments throughout the Middle East. A relevant parallel to the pan-Arab cause was Hitler's attempt to bring ethnic Germans into the fold of a greater German state. In theory, as the Sudeten German stood on par with the Carpathian German, so too, according to doctrinal theory, did the Yemeni stand in union with the Syrian in the imagination of those espousing pan-Arabism. As historic evidence demonstrates, this very commonality proved to be a major factor in the development of relations between Arab and Fascist leaders. The Arab nationalist movement amounted to nothing more than a shapeless, fragmented, counter position to British imperialism, imported to the Arab East via Berlin for Nazi aspirations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BX7LD4C9,2013-11-30,"Youssef H. Aboul-Enein, Basil H. Aboul-Enein",Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T01:04:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6425,Strategic Intelligence and Foreign Policy,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/strategic-intelligence-and-foreign-policy/1627F46F537602AA4CC55B9547AA8BCB,"Strategic intelligence, die evaluated informational product of intelligence bureaucracies, is a potentially important element in foreign policy decision making. But the role and impact of intelligence reports are very difficult to analyze, because of bodi secrecy and conceptual or definitional problems. Some new light is shed by a number of recent books, in three categories: essentially uncritical works by former insiders, muckraking exposes, and historical case studies. Collectively, these books improve our understanding of the variables that condition the impact of strategic intelligence on policy, or they illuminate die policy and bureaucratic context of intelligence activities. But only one of the recent books has a theoretical thrust. Great need remains, and opportunities exist, to move toward better dieoretical understanding of intelligence, or at least toward inproved information about when, how, or whether intelligence activities or reports have measurable impact on foreign policy decision making and policy outcomes in world politics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DEP64TMK,1974-10-01,Harry Howe Ransom,Cambridge University Press,World Politics,2024-01-10T01:02:56Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.2307/2009929,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011806779,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011806779,,,1974.0,, 6426,Smoke and Mirrors: The German Foreign Intelligence Service's Release of Names of Former Nazi Employees,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcr037,"After defeating the Third Reich, the Western Allies and the Soviet Bloc began their own intelligence war. Both sides recruited from among their former mutual enemies: Nazi security personnel. In the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD) the largest employer of such persons was the Gehlen Organization, which in 1956 became the core of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the BRD's foreign intelligence service, with Reinhard Gehlen as its first chief. In 2010 the BRD revealed career details of early officials who had Nazi backgrounds. The author of this note clarifies the identities of some Holocaust perpetrators who later served in West German intelligence, and also suggests why German authorities released only partial information and only about certain employees, most of whom been identified earlier in declassified US documents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JYSFN82L,2011-08-01,Stephen Tyas,,Holocaust and Genocide Studies,2024-01-10T01:01:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1093/hgs/dcr037,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2106395464,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2106395464,2012.0,2019.0,2011.0,,1.0 6427,Know Your Enemy: West German-Israeli Intelligence Evaluation of Soviet Weapon Systems,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16161262.2004.10555093,"(2004). Know Your Enemy: West German-Israeli Intelligence Evaluation of Soviet Weapon Systems. Journal of Intelligence History: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 57-73.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YA57R5EJ,2004-6-1,Shlomo Shpiro,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-01-10T01:01:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6428,"Soviet Intelligence and the Cold War: The “Small” Committee of Information, 1952–53*",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1995.tb00643.x,"These issues extend far beyond the scope and reach of this article, which focuses primarily on the question of how Soviet intelligence information about Western policies and plans contributed to the Soviet Cold War behavior. The article deals with one case from the history of Soviet intelligence: the “small” Committee of Information (KI), an organization that survived the collapse of its predecessor, “large” KI, and supplied the Kremlin leadership with “estimative intelligence” during the key period when Josef Stalin died and a “collective leadership” came to power in Moscow.6 “Top secret” files of the small KI, recently declassified, contain memorandums to both the members of the Presidium and top Soviet foreign policy officials.7",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QXYQGFIF,1995-07-01,Vladislav Zubok,,Diplomatic History,2024-01-10T00:57:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1111/j.1467-7709.1995.tb00643.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1977977232,25.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1977977232,2014.0,2025.0,1995.0,http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.30000078247305,19.0 6429,Private Enterprise Intelligence: Its Potential Contribution to National Security,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036458-18/private-enterprise-intelligence-potential-contribution-national-security-robert-david-steele,LOSING OUR WAY,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y5YEATWJ,1996,Robert David Steele,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:56:55Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'R2V36RN8']",,Intelligence Analysis and Assessment,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6430,Intelligence Analysis in an Age of Electronic Dissemination,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036458-17/intelligence-analysis-age-electronic-dissemination-peter-sharfman,"Imagine a world in which the technologies and the concepts of the internet were applied to the transmission of intelligence from the ‘producer’ (i.e., the analyst, or an analytic team) to the user, whether that user is a policy-maker in the capital or a military commander in the field. Intelligence agencies would create electronic databases into which their products (often text, but sometimes graphics, images, and even videos) would be entered. Users would search these databases for intelligence relevant to their concerns, and then download this intelligence on to the users’ own computer, where it could be combined as desired with other intelligence products drawn from other databases on the same network. Printed intelligence reports would become increasingly rare, for compared to electronic databases they would be seen as slow to produce, slow to transmit, difficult and expensive to update, and less likely to find their way into the hands of the person who really needed the information. Face-to-face intelligence briefings would continue for sufficiently senior users, but increasingly the briefer would draw upon the resources of an entire intelligence community rather than the resources of his own organization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WQ8ACW2I,1996,Peter Sharfman,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:55:36Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'LXMU5UXP']",,Intelligence Analysis and Assessment,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6431,"Security, Intelligence, the National Interest and the Global Environment",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036458-15/security-intelligence-national-interest-global-environment-simon-dalby,SECURITY AFTER THE COLD WAR,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C3GMHFQ4,1996,Simon Dalby,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:54:47Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Analysis and Assessment,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6432,Intelligence Analyst/Manager Relationsat the CIA,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036458-11/intelligence-analyst-manager-relationsat-cia-john-gentry,"The day-to-day, seemingly mundane interactions between analysts and their supervisors have major influences on the ultimate quality and usefulness of the analysis that intelligence agencies provide to their policymaking consumers. These influences can have positive or negative effects, but they become enduringly pernicious when poor analyst/ manager relationships are systematized into a dysfunctional ‘culture’. The mechanics and significance of these relationships have received scant attention from academics and public policy commentators. The aim here is to describe and assess the relationship between analysts and their managers in the United States Central Intelligence Agency's Directorate of Intelligence (DI) in the 1980s and early 1990s. The CIA's culture changed markedly in this period from that of previous decades, which most external observers and CIA professionals consider generally effective at producing good analysis. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S3SR9EH8,1996,John A. Gentry,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:53:48Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,Intelligence Analysis and Assessment,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6433,Organizational Politics and the Development of Britain's Intelligence Producer/Consumer Interface,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036458-10/organizational-politics-development-britain-intelligence-producer-consumer-interface-philip-davies,"A consistent theme in British government publications concerning Britain's intelligence system has been the emphasis on its increased overall centralization, and the increasingly central role therein of the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC). The official history British Intelligence In the Second World War, 1 Lord Franks’ Falkland Islands Review, 2 and the recent Central Intelligence Machinery 3 have all stressed the role of the JIC in the coordination of intelligence production, and the dissemination of ‘finished’ intelligence analyses to Whitehall intelligence consumers. However, to a very real degree this view of a centralized British intelligence system has constituted something of an optical illusion. The problems and issues, which have formed the focus of current discussions of intelligence arising out the 1992 Matrix-Churchill Trial and the Scott Inquiry, have all resulted from the fact that the British intelligence system is, in fact, profoundly decentralized. The JIC does, indeed, provide a central requirements-setting, analysis and dissemination mechanism, but in a very special capacity. In the words of Michael Herman, a former intelligence officer, the role of the JIC is to produce ‘high-powered reports for high-powered people’. 4 The vast majority of intelligence production and consumption occurs at far less lofty altitudes of Her Majesty's Government. It will be the task of this essay to examine how this optical illusion of centralization has developed, and how Britain's intelligence machinery has developed such a ‘split personality’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SESV2IGT,1996,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:52:59Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Intelligence Analysis and Assessment,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6434,National Intelligence Assessment: Australia's Experience,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036458-7/national-intelligence-assessment-australia-experience-mclennan,WHY INTELLIGENCE?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9I7EUHSC,1996,A. D. McLennan,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:51:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",,Intelligence Analysis and Assessment,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6435,The US Government's Experience with Intelligence Analysis: Pluses and Minuses,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036458-5/us-government-experience-intelligence-analysis-pluses-minuses-harold-ford,"For many reasons, the United States was the last major power to get into the intelligence analysis business. After all, two great oceans protected America from foreign dangers. Then, too, the United States was different – it did not engage in power politics, or so its citizens thought. For decades Americans were content with those certainties. It took World War I's experience for President Woodrow Wilson to admit that he had previously thought that Germany was the only power that employed spies, and even thereafter Secretary Henry Stimson grumbled that gentlemen did not read other people's mail.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6BKCMVPQ,1996,Harold P. Ford,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:50:40Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,Intelligence Analysis and Assessment,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6436,Assessment Machinery: British and American Models,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036458-4/assessment-machinery-british-american-models-michael-herman,"‘Assessments’ (or to the Americans ‘estimates’) are where intelligence bears most closely on policy. There is an intelligence ideal of objective and authoritative assessment for the top level of government. Disagreements over intelligence interpretations should be disengaged from interdepartmental policy differences and solved prior to decision-taking. The principle is the same as in the British Government Statistical Service's objective ‘to make sure that the Cabinet need never argue about statistics’. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZJ5TCWYE,1996,Michael Herman,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:49:35Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,Intelligence Analysis and Assessment,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6437,Assessment machinery: British and American models,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432323,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QDGB8IHT,1995-10-01,Michael Herman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-18T21:03:13Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684529508432323,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2059231322,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2059231322,2014.0,2025.0,1995.0,,19.0 6438,The German Analysis and Assessment System,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036458-6/german-analysis-assessment-system-harald-nielsen,"THE GERMAN INTELLIGENCE SERVICES, THEIR HISTORY,",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ABPDTXFD,1996,Harald Nielsen,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:48:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",,Intelligence Analysis and Assessment,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6439,Critical Afterthoughts and Alternative Historico-Literary Theories,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-12/critical-afterthoughts-alternative-historico-literary-theories-cameron-watt,Critical Afterthoughts and Alternative Historico-Literary Theories - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WG8TQR9G,1991,D. Cameron Watt,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:47:11Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6440,Why I Write Spy Fiction,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-11/write-spy-fiction-john-starnes,Why I Write Spy Fiction - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A6DHW82V,1991,John Starnes,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:46:43Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6441,Spy Fiction and Terrorism,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-10/spy-fiction-terrorism-philip-jenkins,Spy Fiction and Terrorism - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/52REVD2J,1991,Philip Jenkins,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:46:10Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6442,Ethics and Spy Fiction,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-9/ethics-spy-fiction-macintosh,Ethics and Spy Fiction - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DE5SGCZD,1991,"J. J. Macintosh, Wesley K. Wark",Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:45:43Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6443,The Development of the Espionage Film,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-8/development-espionage-film-alan-booth,The Development of the Espionage Film - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WTTHMDQH,1991,Alan R. Booth,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:45:17Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6444,"Our Man in Havana, Their Man in Madrid: Literary Invention in Espionage Fact and Fiction",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-7/man-havana-man-madrid-denis-smyth,"Our Man in Havana, Their Man in Madrid - 1 - Literary Invention in Espionage Fact and Fiction",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XAKVRLYQ,1991,Denis Smyth,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:44:59Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6445,Ireland in Spy Fiction,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-6/ireland-spy-fiction-keith-jeffery-eunan-halpin,Ireland in Spy Fiction - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BMJEP7DX,1991,"Keith Jeffery, Eunan O'Halpin",Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:43:49Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6446,English Spy Thrillers in the Age of Appeasement,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-5/english-spy-thrillers-age-appeasement-eric-homberger,English Spy Thrillers in the Age of Appeasement - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I7WZYLI5,1991,Eric Homberger,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:43:29Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6447,The Politics of Adventure in the Early British Spy Novel,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-3/politics-adventure-early-british-spy-novel-david-trotter,The Politics of Adventure in the Early British Spy Novel - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C6RE8QMI,1991,David Trotter,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:43:04Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6448,Decoding German Spies: British Spy Fiction 1908–18,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-4/decoding-german-spies-nicholas-hiley,Decoding German Spies - 1 - British Spy Fiction 1908–18,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7IKHN7HT,1991,Nicholas Hiley,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:41:10Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6449,Secret Negotiations: The Spy Figure in Nineteenth-century American Popular Fiction,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035550-2/secret-negotiations-christine-bold,Secret Negotiations - 1 - The Spy Figure in Nineteenth-century American Popular Fiction,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BAAG4EF5,1991,Christine Bold,Routledge,,2024-01-10T00:42:24Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spy Fiction, Spy Films and Real Intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6450,Intelligence Organizations and the Organization of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850601003780987,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J42W62DP,2010-08-31,Thomas H. Hammond,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-10T00:39:52Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850601003780987,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2034425344,22.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034425344,2012.0,2025.0,2010.0,,2.0 6451,The Archaeologist Was a Spy: Sylvanus G. Morley and the Office of Naval Intelligence,Book,https://www.unmpress.com/9780826329387/the-archaeologist-was-a-spy/,"Sylvanus G. Morley (1883-1948) has been highly regarded for over a century for his archaeological work among the Maya pyramids. As director of the Carnegie Archaeological Program, he supervised the reconstruction of Chichen Itza, one of today's most visited sites in Central America. Harris and Sadler present information showing Morley used his archaeological skills and contacts to covertly spy for the U. S. Office of Naval Intelligence during World War I. His primary charge was to detect and report German activity along the more than 1200 miles of eastern Central American and Mexican coastlines. To aid him in this special ""fieldwork,"" Morley recruited other archaeologists, assigned them specific territories in which to work, and, together, they maintained a constant vigil.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IGEHXDVU,2009-06-01,"Charles H. Harris, Louis R. Sadler",University of New Mexico Press,,2024-01-10T00:37:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6452,The French Intelligence Services,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_2,"This chapter provides an overview of the French secret services. The analysis considers the following variables: organisational structure, legal basis, institutional setting, and governmental control and management. The variables have been selected because they provide a holistic view of the authority, jurisdiction, and roles of the French secret services in operating without impinging on the rights of individuals or threatening the incumbent political system whilst being insulated from political abuse. These variables are also important in defining what is the French secret service in today’s world of transparency and accountability where many details about the secret services are open public knowledge and hence not secret. Utilising the variables shows the French secret services as different from military or police services even though they co-operate and operate closely with them. Language presents an issue when undertaking such an analysis. The word often associated with the organisations of state in France considered to be secret services is renseignement. This is loosely translated into English as information or enquiry but not definitively defined as intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E42XSEFQ,2009-06-11,Glen Segell,VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften,,2024-01-07T18:47:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_2,"Geheimdienste in Europa: Transformation, Kooperation und Kontrolle",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W108358448,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W108358448,2023.0,2023.0,2009.0,,14.0 6453,Hitler’s South African Spies: Secret Agents and the Intelligence War in South Africa,Book,https://www.iconbooks.com/ib-title/hitlers-south-african-spies/,"The story of the intelligence war in South Africa during the Second World War is one of suspense, drama and dogged persistence. In 1939, when the Union of South Africa entered the war on Britain's side, the German government secretly contacted the political opposition, and the leadership of the anti-war movement, the Ossewabrandwag. The Nazis' aim was to spread sedition, undermine the Allied war effort, and – given the strategic importance of the Cape of Good Hope sea route – gain naval intelligence. Soon U-boat packs were sent to operate in South African waters, to deadly effect. With the Ossewabrandwag's help, a network of German spies was established to gather and relay back to the Reich important political and military intelligence. Agents would send coded messages to Axis diplomats in neighbouring Mozambique. Meanwhile, police detectives and MI5 hunted in vain for illegal wireless transmitters. Hitler's South African Spies presents an unrivalled account of German intelligence networks in wartime South Africa. It also details the hunt in post-war Europe for witnesses to help the government bring charges of high treason against key Ossewabrandwag members.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/77IRDTKU,2021-05-06,Evert Kleynhans,Icon Books,,2023-01-04T13:59:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6454,"British Intelligence and German Tanks, 1916—1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344507084728,"A substantive German tank force never materialized during the First World War. However, its military insignificance was not apparent to the British army anticipating its appearance. This article explores British intelligence reporting on the development of German tanks. It assesses the impact of this potential threat, particularly during the tense months of early 1918. It shows how the intelligence reporting also influenced British tank design. The article judges this work to have been an intelligence success.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4WHSAQIB,2007-11-01,Jim Beach,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-01-10T00:31:59Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1177/0968344507084728,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2140937102,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2140937102,2013.0,2013.0,2007.0,,6.0 6455,MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations 1909-1945,Book,,"Written by the renowned expert Nigel West, this book exposes the operations of Britain’s overseas intelligence-gathering organisation, the famed Secret Intelligence Service, MI6, and traces its origins back to its inception in 1909. In this meticulously researched account, its activities and structure are described in detail, using original secret service documents. The main body of the book concerns MI6’s operations during the Second World War, and includes some remarkable successes and failures, including how MI6 financed a glamorous confidant of the German secret service; how a suspected French traitor was murdered by mistake; how Franco’s military advisors were bribed to keep Spain out of the war; how members of the Swedish secret police were blackmailed into helping the British war effort; how a sabotage operation in neutral Tangiers enabled the Allied landings in North Africa to proceed undetected; and how Britain’s generals ignored the first ULTRA decrypts because MI6 said that the information had come from a well-placed source called BONIFACE’. In this new edition, operations undertaken by almost all of MI6’s overseas stations are recounted in extraordinary detail. They will fascinate both the professional intelligence officer and the general reader. The book includes organisational charts to illustrate MI6’s internal structure and its wartime network of overseas stations. Backed by numerous interviews with intelligence officers and their agents, this engaging inside story throws light on many wartime incidents that had previously remained unexplained.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A4SLJN83,1984-09-01,Nigel West,Pen and Sword,,2024-01-10T00:29:56Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6456,With Friends Like These: German Intelligence Activities In Kosovo,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=168766,"The article examines the media coverage of the scandal involving German secret service personnel in the attack on EULEX headquarters in Kosovo in November 2008 and the subsequent tensions between the Republic of Kosovo and the Federal Republic of Germany. German media reporting on the scandal focused on a domestic explanation of the incident. Most of the analysts agree on the importance of domestic factors, and notably the discontent of the Kosovo government over its unsettled international status, in order to explain the BND incident. Expert interviews on radio and television painted a more nuanced picture, drawing particular attention to the role of the EU and the slow progress regarding the legal situation of Kosovo.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FEV5PXIU,2009,Jörg Artmann,BCBP Beogradski centar za bezbednosnu politiku,Western Balkans Security Observer - English Edition,2024-01-10T00:27:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6457,Allied Intelligence Agencies and the Holocaust: Information Acquired from German Prisoners of War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcn001,"In the early days of World War II, British intelligence agencies began secretly recording conversations between German prisoners of war in the hope of acquiring information on technical advances. The information gathered was to be used in the war effort against Germany. Transcripts of these conversations, now declassified, represent a previously unknown or overlooked source of information about the Holocaust, providing evidence of individual German officers' participation in and knowledge of war crimes. The fact that the transcripts of and reports on the monitored conversations were locked away for over thirty years after the end of the war supports the view that intelligence agencies placed a higher priority on maintaining the secrecy of their methods than on aiding the prosecution of war criminals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/37XKI7HA,2008-03-01,Stephen Tyas,,Holocaust and Genocide Studies,2024-01-10T00:26:54Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1093/hgs/dcn001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2089883286,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2089883286,2012.0,2022.0,2008.0,,4.0 6458,"In the Service of Order: The Portuguese Political Police and the British, German and Spanish Intelligence, 1932-1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948301800101,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SVYMBKGT,1983-01-01,Douglas L. Wheeler,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-10T00:26:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1177/002200948301800101,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1987147971,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1987147971,2012.0,2023.0,1983.0,,29.0 6459,Intelligence Ethics and the German Spying Scandal,Journal article,https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/rnigcessr12&i=154,"The article aims to evaluate the burgeoning literature on intelligence ethics and to analyze the 2014 German spying scandal from this perspective. It presents an appraisal of American espionage actions in Germany, based on public revelations and concludes that ethical aspects were violated. The first part of the article elaborates the principle of gradual intelligence action, as formulated by the just intelligence doctrine. While doing so, the article also presents two other competing views on ethics, realism and utilitarianism. Yet, it selects just intelligence doctrine as the paradigm which best combines the state’s duty to ensure its citizens’ security with the fundamental premise of universal human moral status. The first part concludes by arguing that intelligence action should be gradual in both intention and means. The second part discusses the 2014 revelations of American espionage in Germany and appraises them according to principles of intelligence ethics. It argues that the goal of action was not the discovery of a grave and imminent threat and that the means employed were disproportionate and indiscriminate. The article closes with an appeal for rebuilding trans-Atlantic trust.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7FJMFUD4,2014,Valentin Stoian,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-10T00:24:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6460,Fighting to Lose: How the German Secret Intelligence Service Helped the Allies Win the Second World War,Book,https://www.dundurn.com/books_/t22117/a9781459719590-fighting-to-lose,"Based on extensive primary source research, John Bryden’s Fighting to Lose presents compelling evidence that the German intelligence service — the Abwehr — undertook to rescue Britain from certain defeat in 1941. Recently opened secret intelligence files indicate that the famed British double-cross or double-agent system was in fact a German triple-cross system. These files also reveal that British intelligence secretly appealed to the Abwehr for help during the war, and that the Abwehr’s chief, Admiral Canaris, responded by providing Churchill with the ammunition needed in order to persuade Roosevelt to lure the Japanese into attacking Pearl Harbor. These findings and others like them make John Bryden’s Fighting to Lose one of the most fascinating books about World War II to be published for many years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KM5UEKZN,2014-04-01,John Bryden,Dundurn Press,,2024-01-10T00:22:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6461,Intelligence and Foreign Policy: A Review Essay,Journal article,https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/6/article/446296,"Intelligenceand Foreign Policy A Review Essay 1Robert Jervis Christopher Andrew and David Dilks, eds. The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984. Ernest R. May, ed. Knowing One’s Enemies: lntelligence Assessment Before the Two World Wars. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984. General Eisenhower pointed out that the U.S. Army treated intelligence as a “stepchild.”’ This characterization applied to most countries, at least until the development of surveillance satellites and other technological marvels. Within the military, intelligence has been the “slow track”; aside from a few mavericks, officers were generally shunted into the area when they were deemed unfit for more important tasks. This is not surprising: the job of the military is to fight, and so positions that directly represent this function will have the greatest prestige . Foreign ministries, of course, carry out diplomacy, and so one might think that they would value intelligence more highly because of its closer links to this mission. But most diplomats have prided themselves on being generalists and have tended to believe, often correctly, that they can understand other countries better than can specialized intelligence officers. Furthermore , intelligence operators are often an unruly bunch, and intelligence operations, if discovered, create frictions between governments which complicate the lives of diplomats, as the recent ”Pollardaffair” has done between the United States and Israel. Top decision-makers are more likely to value intelligence. In World War 11, Churchill referred to code breakers as his hens because they brought him golden eggs. But he, like most leaders, cared more about raw information than about the interpretation and analysis. Robert Jervis is Professor of Political Science and member of the Institute of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University. 1. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (New York: Doubleday, 1948), as quoted in David Kahn, ”United States Views of Germany and Japan in 1941,” in Ernest R. May, ed., Knowing One’s Enemies: Intelligence Assessment Before the Two World Wars (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984),p. 501. International Security, Winter 1986-87 (Vol. 11, No. 3) 0 1986by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 141 International Security I 142 Thus, until recently, intelligence operated on the fringe of governments. Not only were many of the people involved rather peculiar characters, but efforts at both collection and analysis were unsophisticated and underfunded . To take the latter characteristicfirst, William Fuller notes that before World War I, the Russian military espionage office had ”a staff of only four to five officers . . . [who] were so ill-paid that they all had to take extra jobs in the St. Petersburg district.”2(The Russians, however, led the world in code breaking before World War I, and British successes in this area after the war owed much to Russian refugees.) A bit more support was available in European countries in the interwar period, but the British major who was appointed the chief intelligence instructor on the German army and POW interrogation at the start of World War I1 found the staff college library “scanty and out of date” and had to go to bookstores in Belgium for texts. Unfortunately, he planned his trip to Holland for May 1940.3 Many intelligence operations and much intelligence analysis was amateurish , especially in Britain and to a lesser extent in Germany-national stereotypes are not without some f~undation.~ When the new British recruit was sent to Prague in the 1930s to set up an intelligence network, ”he was given no training in the fieldcraft required for recruiting and running agents or in other forms of intelligence gathering. When [he] asked for tips on how to be a spy, he was told he could spend two or three weeks en route to Prague at Vienna where . . . one of the most experienced station chiefs . . . would give him on the spot training.”5Of course amateurism is not automatically bad, and professionalism does not always lead to effectiveness. The British code breaking establishment in World War I1 worked so well in part because it was able to assimilate eccentric intellectuals who could not have thrived in a normal professional bureaucracy. The other...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FT6JERVX,1986,Robert Jervis,The MIT Press,International Security,2024-01-10T00:20:44Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6462,The First Enigma Codebreaker: Marian Rejewski Who Passed the Baton to Alan Turing,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/first-enigma-codebreaker,"The history of Enigma is of interest to many researchers and authors on an international scale. The capture and unraveling of the most hidden secret of the army of the Third Reich that was decisive for the fate of one of the greatest armed conflicts in the history of the world appeals to everyone from the avid historian to Hollywood. So far, other authors' attention has focused on the technical and cryptological issues of Enigma functioning, the fate of the Bletchley Park facility, or Alan Turing's story. Most of the attention was devoted to the events during the Second World War and it is the time frame of this conflict that usually begins and ends the story of Enigma. The First Enigma Codebreaker raises an issue that has never been discussed in greater detail in both international and Polish literature, the story of Marian Rejewski. This biography answers the questions: in what conditions was the ""Enigma conqueror"" brought up, in what circumstances did he manage to decode the machine, what happened to him during the Second World War and why he never ended up in Bletchley Park, what price he had to pay for his discovery in the communist Poland and what he did to make the world know the true history of Enigma. This is the story of a man who made a revolution in cryptology, about the rivalry between man and machine, about powerful history affecting individual lives, and about the life of Marian Rejewski whose story is still waiting to be presented to the public.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NH6V3RXE,2023-04-15,Robert Gawlowski,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:16:42Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6463,Turnabout and Deception: Crafting the Double-Cross and the Theory of Outs,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/turnabout-and-deception,"Turnabout and Deception combines two of spymaster Barton Whaley's most potent analyses of the craft: Turnabout: Crafting the Double-Cross and When Deception Fails: The Theory of Outs. Each examination delves into extensive case studies to establish not only foundational understandings of essential espionage principals, but also creates guidance for their practical application on both individual and governmental scales. Deception is a basic tactic used by allies and enemies alike, but when both protagonist and antagonist ply the same trade, it is the master of the double-cross who comes out the victor. Turnabout and Deception examines how to turn the tables on an opponent and use their own deception against them. Through thirty-eight case studies, this monograph dissects the double-cross to reveal the psychological battle of wits at its core. No matter how well crafted, however, there is always a chance that a deception will fail. But failure is not the end of a deception, and even failed deception operations can yield results. Turnabout and Deception pores over sixty more case studies to determine why a deception will fail, steps to prevent a failed operation, and how to turn that failure into a success.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VLKGKVRQ,2016-07-15,Barton Whaley,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:15:04Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6464,Rebuttal: The CIA Responds to the Senate Intelligence Committee's Study of Its Detention and Interrogation Program,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/rebuttal,"In December 2014, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI) released a 500+ page executive summary of a 6,000 page study of the CIA's detention and interrogation of al Qa'ida terrorists. In early 2015 publishers released the study in book form and called it ""the report"" on ""torture."" Rebuttal presents the ""rest of the story."" In addition to reprinting the official responses from the SSCI minority and CIA, this publication also includes eight essays from senior former CIA officials who all are deeply knowledgeable about the program - and yet none of whom were interviewed by the SSCI staff during the more than four years the report was in preparation. These authors of the eight essays are George Tenet, Porter Goss, Gen. Michael V. Hayden, USAF (Ret.), John McLaughlin, Michael Morell, J. Philip Mudd, John Rizzo, and Jose A. Rodriguez, Jr.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LVS6ZXIK,2015-09-09,Bill Harlow,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:13:45Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6465,Sisterhood of Spies: The Women of the OSS,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/sisterhood-spies,"The daring missions of America's World War II intelligence agency, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), are the stuff of legend, yet the contributions made by the 4,000 women—including Julia Child and Marlene Dietrich—who served in the OSS are largely unheralded. To tell their fascinating stories, McIntosh, a veteran of sensitive OSS and CIA operations, draws on her own experiences and on interviews with more than 100 OSS women who served all over the world. Captured in rich detail are the riveting tales of clandestine spies, saboteurs, cryptographers, cartographers, analysts, and experts in propaganda, recruiting, and communications, along with the less visible but no less important drivers and secretaries. The book was first published in 1998 to great reviews.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ISE63JLC,2009-03-01,Elizabeth P. McIntosh,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:12:38Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6466,"Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-Boat Codes, 1939-1945, Revised Edition",Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/seizing-enigma,"Seizing the Enigma tells the thrilling story of the Royal Navy's battle to crack the Germans' supposedly unbreakable U-boat Enigma code, which would allow the vital Allied convoys in the North Atlantic to be routed away from Dönitz's wolfpacks. This battle was fought both on shore and at sea: by an assortment of scientists, chess champions and linguists, including Alan Turing, the father of the modern computer, who struggled to crack Enigma at Bletchley Park, and in the Atlantic by sailors and intelligence officers, such as Ian Fleming, the future creator of James Bond, who undertook dangerous and often fatal missions to seize the essential encryption keys and Enigma machine components from Kriegsmarine surface ships and U-boats. Kahn expertly brings this unparalleled intelligence operation to life in this revised paperback edition of his classic book.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UNX8CIBI,2012-03-15,David Kahn,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:11:13Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6467,"Eyes in the Sky: Eisenhower, the CIA and Cold War Aerial Espionage",Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/eyes-sky,"Dino A. Brugioni, author of the best-selling account of the Cuban Missile crisis, Eyeball to Eyeball, draws on his long CIA career as one of the world's premier experts on aerial reconnaissance to provide the inside story of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's efforts to use spy planes and satellites to gather intelligence. He reveals Eisenhower to be a hands-on president who, contrary to popular belief, took an active role in assuring that the latest technology was used to gather aerial intelligence. This previously untold story of the secret Cold War program makes full use of the author's firsthand knowledge of the program and of information he gained from interviews with important participants. As a founder and senior officer of the CIA's National Photographic Interpretation Center, Brugioni was a key player in keeping Eisenhower informed of developments, and he sheds new light on the president's contributions toward building an effective and technologically advanced intelligence organization. The book provides details of the president's backing of the U-2's development and its use to dispel the bomber gap and to provide data on Soviet missile and nuclear efforts and to deal with crises in the Suez, Lebanon, Chinese Off Shore Islands, Tibet, Indonesia, East Germany, and elsewhere. Brugioni offers new information about Eisenhower's order of U-2 flights over Malta, Cyprus, Toulon, and Israel and subsequent warnings to the British, French, and Israelis that the U.S. would not support an invasion of Egypt. He notes that the president also backed the development of the CORONA photographic satellite, which eventually proved the missile gap with the Soviet Union didn't exist, and a variety of other satellite systems that detected and monitored problems around the world. The unsung reconnaissance roles played by Jimmy Doolittle and Edwin Land are also highlighted in this revealing study of Cold War espionage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LEPYZFVK,2010-03-15,Dino A. Brugioni,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:10:22Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6468,In the Shadow of the Ayatollah: A CIA Hostage in Iran,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/shadow-ayatollah,"Looming in the background of today’s dealings with Iran are the memories of 1979, when Islamic militants held U.S. diplomatic personnel hostage in the American Embassy in Tehran. In the Shadow of the Ayatollah relates the crisis through the unique perspective of Bill Daugherty, an officer for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) serving at the embassy. Once his CIA connection was discovered, Daugherty became a special target of his captors and was subjected to extraordinarily harsh treatment. He managed to survive the ordeal by relying upon his Marine Corps training and combat experience, ultimately being awarded the State Department Medal of Valor and the CIA Exceptional Service Medal. Drawing on intelligence information, declassified materials, interviews with key government officials, as well as his own firsthand knowledge, Daugherty sheds light on this disturbing event. In his account, Daugherty reveals the White House decision-making process in this crisis and how the Soviet Union was involved.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LTAVR8J5,2016-08-15,William J. Daugherty,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:09:12Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6469,From Kites to Cold War: The Evolution of Manned Airborne Reconnaissance,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/kites-cold-war,"From Kites to Cold War tells the story of the evolution of manned airborne reconnaissance. Long a desire of military commanders, the ability to see the terrain ahead and gain foreknowledge of enemy intent was realized when Chinese airmen mounted kites to surveil their surroundings. Kite technology was slow to spread, and by the late nineteenth century European nations had developed the balloon and airship to conduct this mission. By 1918, it was obvious that the airplane had become the reconnaissance platform of the future. Used successfully by many nations during the Great War, aircraft technology and capability experienced its most rapid evolutionary period during World War II. Entering the war with just basic airborne imagery capabilities, by V-E and V-J days, air power pioneers greatly improved imagery collection and developed sophisticated airborne signals intelligence collection capabilities. The United States and other nations put these capabilities to use as the Cold War immediately followed. Flying near the periphery of and sometimes directly over the Soviet Union, airborne reconnaissance provided the intelligence necessary to stay one step ahead of the Soviets throughout the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VZNP4LWG,2019-11-15,Tyler Morton,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:08:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6470,OSS Operation Black Mail: One Woman's Covert War Against the Imperial Japanese Army,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/oss-operation-black-mail-0,"OSS Operation Black Mail is the story of a remarkable woman who fought World War II on the front lines of psychological warfare. Elizabeth “Betty” P. McIntosh spent eighteen months serving in the Office of Strategic Services in what has been called the “forgotten theater,” China-Burma-India, where she met and worked with characters as varied as Julia Child and Ho Chi Minh. Her craft was black propaganda, and her mission was to demoralize the enemy through prevarication and deceit, and ultimately, convince him to surrender. Betty and her crew ingeniously obtained and altered personal correspondence between Japanese soldiers and their families on the home islands of Japan. She also ordered the killing of a Japanese courier in the jungles of Burma to plant a false surrender order in his mailbag. By the time Betty flew the Hump from Calcutta to China, she was acting head of the Morale Operations branch for the entire theater, overseeing the production of thousands of pamphlets and radio scripts, the generation of fiendishly clever rumors, and the printing of a variety of faked Japanese, Burmese, and Chinese newspapers. Her strategy involved targeting not merely the Japanese soldier but the man within: the son, the husband, the father. She knew her work could ultimately save lives, but never lost sight of the fact that her propaganda was a weapon and her intended target the enemy. This is not a typical war story. The only beaches stormed are the minds of an invisible enemy. Often a great deal of time and effort was expended in conception and production, and rarely was it known if even a shred reached the hands of the intended recipient. The process was opaque on both ends: the origin of a rumor or radio broadcast obscured, the target elusive. For Betty and her friends, time on the “front lines” of psychological warfare in China-Burma-India rushed by in a cascade of creativity and innovation, played out on a stage where a colonial world was ending and chaos awaited.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GCAPD9MG,2020-08-15,Ann Todd,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:07:13Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6471,"Proceed to Peshawar: The Story of a U.S. Navy Intelligence Mission on the Afghan Border, 1943",Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/proceed-peshawar,"Proceed to Peshawar is a story of adventure in the Hindu Kush Mountains and of a previously untold military and naval intelligence mission during World War II by two American officers along 800 miles of the Durand Line, the porous border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. They passed through the tribal areas and the princely states of the North-West Frontier Province, and into Baluchistan. This appears to be the first time that any American officials were permitted to travel for any distance along either side of the Durand Line. Many British political and military officers believed that India would soon be free, and that the Great Game between Russia and Britain in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries would then come to an end. Some of them thought that the United States should, and would, assume Britain’s role in Central Asia, and they wanted to introduce America to this ancient contest.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E6TQH65J,2013-11-15,George J. Hill,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:06:01Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6472,Circle of Treason: A CIA Account of Traitor Aldrich Ames and the Men He Betrayed,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/circle-treason,"While there have been other books about Aldrich Ames, Circle of Treason is the first account written by CIA agents who were key members of the CIA team that conducted the intense “Ames Mole Hunt.” Sandra Grimes and Jeanne Vertefeuille were two of the five principals of the CIA team tasked with hunting one of their own and were directly responsible for identifying Ames as the mole, leading to his arrest and conviction. One of the most destructive traitors in American history, CIA officer Aldrich Ames provided information to the Soviet Union that contributed to the deaths of at least ten Soviet intelligence officers who spied for the United States. In this book, the two CIA officers directly responsible for tracking down Ames chronicle their involvement in the hunt for a mole. Considering it their personal mission, Grimes and Vertefeuille dedicated themselves to identifying the traitor responsible for the execution or imprisonment of the Soviet agents with whom they worked. Their efforts eventually led them to a long-time acquaintance and coworker in the CIA’s Soviet-East European division and Counterintelligence Center, Aldrich Ames. Not only is this the first book to be written by the CIA principals involved, but it is also the first to provide details of the operational contact with the agents Ames betrayed. The book covers the political aftermath of Ames’s arrest, including the Congressional wrath for not identifying him sooner, the FBI/CIA debriefings following Ames’s plea bargain, and a retrospective of Ames the person and Ames the spy. It is also the compelling story of two female agents, who overcame gender barriers and succeeded in bringing Ames to justice in a historically male-oriented organization. Now retired from the CIA, Grimes and Vertefeuille are finally able to tell this inside story of the CIA’s most notorious traitor and the men he betrayed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ISN4RI6,2013-11-15,"Sandra Grimes, Jeanne Vertefeuille",Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:04:56Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6473,Joe Rochefort's War: The Odyssey of the Codebreaker Who Outwitted Yamamoto at Midway,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/joe-rocheforts-war,"Elliot Carlson’s award-winning biography of Capt. Joe Rochefort is the first to be written about the officer who headed Station Hypo, the U.S. Navy’s signals monitoring and cryptographic intelligence unit at Pearl Harbor, and who broke the Japanese navy’s code before the Battle of Midway. The book brings Rochefort to life as the irreverent, fiercely independent, and consequential officer that he was. Readers share his frustrations as he searches in vain for Yamamoto’s fleet prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, but share his joy when he succeeds in tracking the fleet in early 1942 and breaks the code that leads Rochefort to believe Yamamoto’s invasion target is Midway. His conclusions, bitterly opposed by some top Navy brass, are credited with making the U.S. victory possible and helping to change the course of the war. The author tells the story of how opponents in Washington forced Rochefort’s removal from Station Hypo and denied him the Distinguished Service Medal recommended by Admiral Nimitz. In capturing the interplay of policy and personality and the role played by politics at the highest levels of the Navy, Carlson reveals a side of the intelligence community seldom seen by outsiders. For a full understanding of the man, Carlson examines Rochefort’s love-hate relationship with cryptanalysis, his adventure-filled years in the 1930s as the right-hand man to the Commander in Chief of the U.S. Fleet, and his return to codebreaking in mid-1941 as the officer in charge of Station Hypo. He traces Rochefort’s career from his enlistment in 1918 to his posting in Washington as head of the Navy’s codebreaking desk at age twenty-five, and beyond. In many ways a reinterpretation of Rochefort, the book makes clear the key role his codebreaking played in the outcome of Midway and the legacy he left of reporting actionable intelligence directly to the fleet. An epilogue describes efforts waged by Rochefort’s colleagues to obtain the medal denied him in 1942—a drive that finally paid off in 1986 when the medal was awarded posthumously.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LT2SM2CN,2013-09-15,Elliot Carlson,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:04:01Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6474,Vanguard: The True Stories of the Reconnaissance and Intelligence Missions behind D-Day,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/vanguard,"Operation OVERLORD, the opening up of an Allied second front by the invasion of the Normandy beaches on 6 June 1944, was the largest military invasion of all time but it was preceded by years of industrial-scale intelligence collection and dangerous clandestine reconnaissance missions off the French coast. Vanguard is the untold story of this work, the intelligence machine and covert reconnaissance missions that went into the D-Day planning, such as the signals intelligence intercepts, the agent running operations orchestrated by the 15th Flotilla, to the secret work of the X-Craft and COPP (Combined Operations Pilotage Parties) diver teams that scoured the Normandy coast months before the June 1944 deadline.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9P3H6FPK,2019-05-01,David Abrutat,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:02:38Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6475,The Liberation of Marguerite Harrison: America's First Female Foreign Intelligence Agent,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/liberation-marguerite-harrison,"In September 1918, World War I was nearing its end when Marguerite E. Harrison, a thirty-nine-year-old Baltimore socialite, wrote to the head of the U.S. Army’s Military Intelligence Division (MID) asking for a job. The director asked for clarification. Did she mean a clerical position? No, she told him. She wanted to be a spy. Harrison, a member of a prominent Baltimore family, usually got her way. She had founded a school for sick children and wangled her way onto the staff of the Baltimore Sun. Fluent in four languages and knowledgeable of Europe, she was confident she could gather information for the U.S. government. The MID director agreed to hire her, and Marguerite Harrison became America’s first female foreign intelligence officer. For the next seven years, she traveled to the world’s most dangerous places—Berlin, Moscow, Siberia, and the Middle East—posing as a writer and filmmaker in order to spy for the U.S. Army and U.S. Department of State. With linguistic skills and knack for subterfuge, Harrison infiltrated Communist networks, foiled a German coup, located American prisoners in Russia, and probably helped American oil companies seeking entry into the Middle East. Along the way, she saved the life of King Kong creator Merian C. Cooper, twice survived imprisonment in Russia, and launched a women’s explorer society whose members included Amelia Earhart and Margaret Mead. As incredible as her life was, Harrison has never been the subject of a published book-length biography. Past articles and chapters about her life relied heavily on her autobiography published in 1935, which omitted and distorted key aspects of her espionage career. Elizabeth Atwood draws on newly discovered documents in the U.S. National Archives, as well as Harrison’s prison files in the archives of the Russian Federal Security Bureau in Moscow, Russia. Although Harrison portrayed herself as a writer who temporarily worked as a spy, this book documents that Harrison’s espionage career was much more extensive and important than she revealed. She was one of America’s most trusted agents in Germany, Russia and the Middle East after World War I when the United States sought to become a world power.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ESBK6FX9,2020-09-15,Elizabeth Atwood,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-10T00:00:59Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6476,Spy Swap: The Humiliation of Russia's Intelligence Services,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/spy-swap,"On Monday, 4 March 2019, Sergei Skripal and his thirty-three year-old daughter Yulia collapsed in the center of Salisbury in Wiltshire. Both were suffering the effects of A-234, a third-generation Russian-manufactured military grade Novichok nerve agent. Codenamed FORTHWITH, Sergei was betrayed in December 2001. Arrested in 2004, he was convicted of high treason in Russia, but was subsequently included in a prisoner swap in July 2010 and brought to the UK. The journey to the attempt on his life had begun. The Vienna spy swap was the culmination of a CIA plan to free a specific individual, Gennadi Vasilenko, who had been the Agency’s key mole inside the KGB since March 1979. To acquire the necessary leverage, the FBI swooped on a large network in the United States, ending a surveillance operation, codenamed GHOST STORIES, that lasted ten years. Anxious to avoid further embarrassment over the arrests, Vladimir Putin personally authorized an exchange, unaware of Vasilenko’s true status. It was only after the transaction had been completed, and two further Russian spies were exfiltrated from Moscow, that the Kremlin learned of Vasilenko’s value, and the scale of the deception. For the very first time, a Russian government had been persuaded to release four traitors. The humiliation was complete. As Spy Swap reveals, Putin’s retribution would manifest itself in a quiet Wiltshire market town.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5G2LCTIU,2021-07-15,Nigel West,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-09T23:59:32Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6477,Chinese Communist Espionage: An Intelligence Primer,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/chinese-communist-espionage,"This is the first book of its kind to employ hundreds of Chinese sources to explain the history and current state of Chinese Communist intelligence operations. It profiles the leaders, top spies, and important operations in the history of China's espionage organs, and links to an extensive online glossary of Chinese language intelligence and security terms. Peter Mattis and Matthew Brazil present an unprecedented look into the murky world of Chinese espionage both past and present, enabling a better understanding of how pervasive and important its influence is, both in China and abroad.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D53ITZI4,2022-08-15,"Peter Mattis, Matthew Brazil",Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-09T23:58:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6478,Dorwart's History of the Office of Naval Intellige,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/dorwarts-history-office-naval-intellige,"This refreshingly impartial history of the Office of Naval Intelligence is important both because ONI was the first official American intelligence agency and because very little has been written on the history of U.S. intelligence in the days before the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency. Jeffery Dorwart outlines the role of ONI in the development of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century naval, political, and diplomatic policies. He reveals that one of the primary motivations for establishing the agency was the burning conviction of a group of young and enthusiastic men that if the U.S. Navy was to meet the challenge of potential enemies, it had to be thoroughly informed about foreign navies. Not only does Dr. Dorwart show the impact of these vigorous personalities on their era--men such as Theodore Roosevelt, Richard Wainwright, John G. Walker, and William S. Sims--but he makes them come alive with remarkable clarity. More than forty years before the scandal of ""Watergate"" shocked the world, an equally illegal entry of private property for political purposes was carried out by a government agent under instructions from the White House. Several years later, a fellow agent formed a top-secret spy ring for the personal use of the president of the United States. Meanwhile, others working for the same organization broke into safes, eavesdropped, vandalized private property, and consorted with unsavory characters in the pursuit of domestic pacifists and radicals. Still others interfered in the internal affairs of Latin American nations, dabbled in Asian politics, and accompanied Fascist Black Shirts into Africa. These were U.S. naval and marine officers who became attached to ONI between 1919 and 1945. In a scholarly style that mixes history with biography, this book documents the inner dynamics of ONI and its interaction with other segments of the navy and the government. While Dr. Dorwart relates its successes, he does not ignore the failures, limitations, and extra-legal tendencies of this vitally important but flawed organization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TNI34U9W,2019-12-15,Jeffrey M. Dorwart,Naval Institute Press,,2024-01-09T23:57:17Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6479,Intelligence Studies on the Continent,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520801977402,"Americans and Britons are notorious for not knowing foreign languages. Yet despite Anglo-Saxon ignorance, a lot of scholarly work on intelligence is going on abroad. Here is an overview of what is being published in the field in French, German, and Spanish. I hope it will stir interest, improve intelligence studies over the world, and bring students together in a new international collaboration.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2P5ZKJXI,2008-04-01,David Kahn,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-09T23:50:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684520801977402,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2084650493,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2084650493,2012.0,2020.0,2008.0,,4.0 6480,"America’s Secret Vanguard: US Army Intelligence Operations in Germany, 1944–47",Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Americas-Secret-Vanguard.pdf,"In the period between [the dissolution of OSS and the establishment of CIA] the US Army was virtually alone in shouldering American intelligence requirements in a time and place that were to prove critical for the readjustment of US global strategy from world war to the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UJMJKL34,2013-06-01,Thomas Boghardt,,Studies in Intelligence,2024-01-09T23:49:08Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6481,Hitler's Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence: Allied Interrogations of Walter Schellenberg,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Hitlers-Last-Chief-of-Foreign-Intelligence-Allied-Interrogations-of-Walter/Doerries/p/book/9780415449328,"When the curtains fell on the 'Thousand-Year Reich', in May 1945, SS-Brigadefuhrer Walter Schellenberg left for neutral Stockholm, only to be takn shortly thereafter to Frankfurt and London for interogating. The 'Final Report' on the Case of Walter Schellenberg is the revealing product of those Allied interogations. Reinhard R Doerries has written the first scholarly appraisal of Schellenberg as a Nazi leader and Hitler's final head of foreign intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GDL87UP8,2007-05-31,Reinhard R. Doerries,Routledge,,2024-01-09T21:29:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6482,A Guide to the History of Intelligence 1800-1918,Journal article,https://www.afio.com/publications/Wheeler_Hist_of_Intel_1800-1918_in_AFIO_INTEL_WinterSprg2012.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9VY92YRQ,2012-03-01,Douglas L. Wheeler,,Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies,2024-01-09T21:27:30Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6483,Turkish ‘Sea Turtle’ hackers target Dutch companies in espionage campaign,Newspaper article,https://therecord.media/turkish-sea-turtle-hackers-espionage,"The hackers’ goal was to collect politically motivated information, such as personal details on minority groups and potential political dissents, researchers said.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BIJFRXRQ,2024-01-08,Daryna Antounik,,The Record,2024-01-09T21:12:20Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6484,Adolf Hitler and German Military Intelligence on the Eastern Front: Operations Blau and Edelweiß (January–November 1942),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2018.1487199,"This article primarily examines the work conducted by the intelligence service of the German Army known as Fremde Heere Ost [Foreign Armies East, FHO] and the influence it had on the strategic and operational decision making of Adolf Hitler in the southern sector of the Eastern Front in 1942. Using mainly archival material, FHO estimates of Soviet formations in terms of their deployment areas and strengths during Operations Blau and Edelweiβ are discussed. The FHO organization and Hitler’s own thoughts on military intelligence are also outlined in brief. The article shows that a persistently and excessively optimistic depiction of the supposedly wretched state of the Soviet armed forces by German military intelligence convinced Hitler of the correctness of his decision to resume the offensive in summer 1942 and later to attempt to capture simultaneously his objectives of Stalingrad and the Caucasus oilfields.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U4DAYSTT,2018-07-03,Alan Donohue,Routledge,The Journal of Slavic Military Studies,2024-01-09T21:21:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/13518046.2018.1487199,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2884324184,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 6485,"The German intelligence estimates in the west, 1885–1914",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600619775,"Little has been known of German intelligence estimates prior to the First World War. The recent discovery of several German intelligence documents, including a classified history of German pre-war intelligence operations which was written during the inter-war period, in addition to some important German pre-war intelligence analysis, now gives considerable insight into the German intelligence estimates as well as their relationship to German war planning from 1885 to 1914.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IALCA9BS,2006-04-01,Terence Zuber,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-09T21:20:16Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/02684520600619775,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044195307,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044195307,,,2006.0,, 6486,Strategic Intelligence and the Outbreak of the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/096834459800500404,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FP98XUNK,1998-10-01,Richard Overy,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2024-01-09T21:19:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1177/096834459800500404,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2115401338,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2115401338,2015.0,2025.0,1998.0,,17.0 6487,SS-Major Horst Kopkow: From the Gestapo to British Intelligence,Book,https://www.fonthill.media/products/ss-major-horst-kopkow-from-the-gestapo-to-british-intelligence,"Previously unpublished documents in archives in Europe and the USA show how Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service showed a insensitive disregard for its former agents murdered in German concentration camps A callous disregard by recruiting the Gestapo major responsible for their deaths as a consultant in Britain’s own post-war counter espionage activities against Soviet agents Research that shows not only how Britain recruited Kopkow, but also protected him from prosecution as a war criminal Historically rich in detail with photographs of many of the characters involved On 27 May 1942, SS-General Reinhard Heydrich was assassinated by Czech agents who were trained in the UK and dropped by parachute into Czechoslovakia. Heydrich succumbed to his wounds on 4 June 1942. Two days later, Gestapo Captain Horst Kopkow’s department at Reich National Security headquarters was given fresh orders. From 6 June 1942 until the end of the war, Kopkow was responsible for co-ordinating the fight against Soviet and British agents dropped in Germany or German-occupied territories. This new direction for Kopkow made his name. Within months, the ‘Rote Kapelle’ Soviet espionage ring was uncovered in Belgium whose traces went directly to Berlin and Paris. A new counter-espionage war began and agents caught would pay with their lives. In France and Holland, the Gestapo caught many SOE agents trained in Britain. By spring 1944, around 150 British agents had been deported to concentration camps. By December 1944, almost all had been murdered without trial and Kopkow was directly involved in these murders. Arrested by British forces after the war, Kopkow was extensively interrogated due to his counter-espionage experience. For the next 20 years, Kopkow was a consultant for Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IPAYVVFW,2017-05-15,Stephen Tyas,Fonthill Media,,2024-01-09T21:17:28Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6488,"German Covert Initiatives and British Intelligence in Persia (Iran), 1939-1945",Thesis,https://www.academia.edu/24675794/German_Covert_Initiatives_and_British_Intelligence_in_Persia_Iran_1939_1945,"The narrative of German covert initiatives and Allied security-intelligence measures inPersia (Iran) during the Second World War has been neglected by postwar historians mainly because of the unavailability of records and the absence of an authoritative secondary literature.The elimination of this lacuna in the intelligence history of the region is long overdue. By 1941,the espionage activity and subversive potential of the large German expatriate community inPersia had become unacceptable to the British and the Soviets, leading them to invade andoccupy the country in August of that year. After the expulsion of the German diaspora, twoGerman intelligence officers continued active espionage and subversion operations as staybehindagents within the British zone. Their efforts were ultimately negated by the defeat of the SixthArmy at Stalingrad and the headlong retreat of Army Group South from the Caucasus. Theoperational planners in Berlin then changed their focus from subversion of the Persian polity tosabotage against the Lend-Lease supply route across Persia. Of fourteen special operations planned against Persian strategic targets in 1943 the Germans executed only three, all of whichfailed. The cause of such catastrophic failure was organizational and operational dysfunction atall levels of the two rival German intelligence servicesÑthe Abwehr and the Sicherheitsdienst(SD). Of equal significance was the robust British response to the Nazi threat, which resulted inthe capture of all German operatives on Persian soil and the elimination of any hostile threat tothe region. Particularly effective was the liaison between the Security Service (MI5) and theBritish security-intelligence authorities (CICI) in Tehran. Against all odds, German interest inthe region never waned: as final defeat loomed, the destruction of Persian targets became for theideologically motivated SD synonymous with the obstruction of postwar Soviet interests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T3R5J9MI,2012-06-01,Adrian O'Sullivan,,,2024-01-09T21:15:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,PhD Thesis,University of South Africa,,,,,,,,, 6489,"Interrogation, intelligence and security: Controversial British Techniques",Book,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9780719091483,"Interrogation, Intelligence and Security examines the origins and effects of a group of interrogation techniques known as the 'five techniques'. Through its in-depth analysis the book reveals how British forces came to use these controversial methods. Focusing on the British colony of Aden (1963-67), the height of 'the troubles' in Northern Ireland (1971), and the conflict in Iraq (2003), the book explores the use of hooding to restrict vision, white noise, stress positions, limited sleep and a limited diet. There are clear parallels between these three case studies and the use of controversial interrogation techniques today. Readers will be able to make informed judgements about whether, on the basis of the results of these cases, interrogation techniques that might be described as torture can be justified. This book will be of particular interest to security professionals, academics and members of the public interested in the torture debate, intelligence, the military, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, foreign policy and law enforcement.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N4CK2LMC,2015-05-01,Samantha Newbery,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-09T21:10:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6490,"East German intelligence and Ireland, 1949-90: Espionage, terrorism and diplomacy",Book,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526107411,"This book is an in-depth examination of the relations between Ireland and the former East Germany between the end of the Second World War and the fall of the Berlin Wall. It explores political, diplomatic, economic, media and cultural issues. The long and tortuous process of establishing diplomatic relations is unique in the annals of diplomatic history. Central in this study are the activities of the Stasi. They show how and where East German intelligence obtained information on Ireland and Northern Ireland and also what kind of information was gathered. A particularly interesting aspect of the book is the monitoring of the activities of the Irish Republican Army and the Irish National Liberation Army and their campaigns against the British army in West Germany. The Stasi had infiltrated West German security services and knew about Irish suspects and their contacts with West German terrorist groups. East German Intelligence and Ireland, 1949-90 makes an original contribution to diplomatic, intelligence, terrorist and Cold War studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XUU5EWL5,2017-02-01,Jérôme aan de Wiel,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-09T21:09:26Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6491,"Intelligence, security and the Attlee governments, 1945-51: An uneasy relationship?",Book,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9780719099144,"Drawing on recently released documents and private papers, this is the first book-length study to examine the intimate relationship between the Attlee government and Britain's intelligence and security services at the start of the Cold War. Often praised for the formation of the modern-day 'welfare state', Attlee's government also played a significant, if little understood, role in combating communism at home and overseas, often in the face of vocal, sustained opposition from its own backbenches. This book tells the story of Attlee's Cold War. From Whitehall vetting to secret operations in Eastern Europe and the fallout of Soviet atomic espionage on both sides of the Atlantic, it provides a fresh interpretation of the Attlee government, making it essential reading for anyone interested in the Labour Party, intelligence, security and Britain's foreign and defence policy at the start of the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4EZUPMCS,2016-12-01,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-09T21:06:56Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6492,Intelligence and national security policymaking on Iraq: British and American perspectives,Book,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9780719077470,"The decision to go to war in Iraq has had historic repercussions throughout the world. The editors of this volume bring together scholarly analysis of the decision-making in the U.S and U.K. that led to the war, inside accounts of CIA decision-making, and key speeches and documents related to going to war. The book presents a fascinating case study of decision-making at the highest levels in the United States and Britain as their leaders planned to go to war in Iraq. Just as the Cuban Missile Crisis has been used for decades as a case study in good decision-making, the decision to go to war in Iraq will be analysed for years to come for lessons about what can go wrong in decisions about war. The book presents a fascinating and truly comparative perspective on how President Bush and Prime Minister Blair took their countries to war in Iraq. Each had to convince his legislature and public that war was necessary, and both used intelligence in questionable ways to do so. This book brings together some of the best scholarship and most relevant documents on these important decisions that will reverberate for decades to come.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQ2I3J7T,2008-08-01,"James Pfiffner, Mark Phythian",Manchester University Press,,2024-01-09T21:08:00Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6493,Cyber-espionage in international law: Silence speaks,Book,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526168030,"While espionage between states is a practice dating back centuries, the emergence of the internet revolutionised the types and scale of intelligence activities, creating drastic new challenges for the traditional legal frameworks governing them. This book argues that cyber-espionage has come to have an uneasy status in law: it is not prohibited, because spying does not result in an internationally wrongful act, but neither is it authorised or permitted, because states are free to resist foreign cyber-espionage activities. Rather than seeking further regulation, however, governments have remained purposefully silent, leaving them free to pursue cyber-espionage themselves at the same time as they adopt measures to prevent falling victim to it. Drawing on detailed analysis of state practice and examples from sovereignty, diplomacy, human rights and economic law, this book offers a comprehensive overview of the current legal status of cyber-espionage, as well as future directions for research and policy. It is an essential resource for scholars and practitioners in international law, as well as anyone interested in the future of cyber-security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9CB4AXWD,2023-05-01,Thibault Moulin,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-09T21:04:43Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6494,"A matter of intelligence: MI5 and the surveillance of anti-Nazi refugees, 1933-50",Book,https://manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9780719099809,"This is an unusual book, telling a story which has hitherto remained hidden from history: the surveillance by the British security service MI5 of anti-Nazi refugees who came to Britain fleeing political persecution in Germany and Austria. Based on the personal and organisational files that MI5 kept on political refugees during the 1930s and 1940s - which have only recently been released into the public domain - this study also fills a considerable gap in historical research. Telling a story of absorbing interest, which at times reads more like spy fiction, it is both a study of MI5 and of the political refugees themselves. The book will interest academics in the fields of history, politics, intelligence studies, Jewish studies, German studies and migration studies; but it is also accessible to the general reader interested in Britain before, during and after the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6PHN45GR,2015-10-01,"Charmian Brinson, Richard Dove",Manchester University Press,,2024-01-09T21:03:07Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6495,"Espionage, Security, and Intelligence in Britain, 1945-1970",Book,,"This book takes the concept of postmemory, developed in Holocaust studies, and applies it for the first time to novels by contemporary British writers. Focusing on war fiction, Alden builds upon current scholarship on historical fiction and memory studies, and extends the field by exploring how the use of historical research within fiction illuminates the ways in which we remember and recreate the past.Using postmemory to unlock both the transgenerational aspects of the novels discussed and the development of historiographic metafiction, Alden provides a ground-breaking analysis of the nature and potential of contemporary historical fiction. By examining the patterns and motivations behind authors' translations of material from the historical record into fiction, Alden also asks to what extent such writing is, necessarily, metafictional. Ultimately, this study offers an updated answer to the question that historical fiction has always posed: what can fiction do with history that history cannot?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BR6SPC4V,1998,Richard James Aldrich,Manchester University Press,,2024-01-09T21:02:14Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6496,"Western Allied Intelligence and the German Military Document Section, 1945-6",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0022009410392408,"In the year following the end of the second world war in Europe, various high-ranking Wehrmacht officers agreed to work for a co-ordinated US, British, and Canadian military intelligence operation called the ‘Hill Project’. This endeavor, which eventually expanded to almost 200 German prisoners of war, conducted research and analysis of the German Military Document Section at Camp Ritchie, Maryland, and produced over 3600 pages of reports for the Western Allied governments. The Hill Project constitutes a little-known aspect of the interesting postwar relationship between the West and their former enemies. This article examines the main goals of this program and the kind of information these research projects provided to Western Allied military intelligence. It contends that during its operation at Camp Ritchie, the main body of work completed by the Hill Project studied Wehrmacht methods as a means to potentially improve the structure and procedures of the Western Allied armies. Moreover, a select group of the Hill Project prisoners later transferred to Fort Hunt, Virginia, and assisted in preparing a defense of Western Europe against a potential invasion by the Soviet Army.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/67TE63ZI,2011-04-01,Derek R. Mallett,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-09T20:55:07Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1177/0022009410392408,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2147567012,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2147567012,2018.0,2018.0,2011.0,,7.0 6497,Building a European Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754678,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MTQ7AKHU,2020-07-02,"Yvan Lledo-Ferrer, Jan-Hendrik Dietrich",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-09T20:54:45Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1754678,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3028982966,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3028982966,2020.0,2024.0,2020.0,,0.0 6498,The Science of Intelligence: Reflections on a Field That Never Was,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/science-of-intelligence-reflections-on-a-field-that-never-was/073963701AD0616A293AD18B68BC161A,"In May 1939, a young British Ph.D. in physics from Oxford, R. V. Jones, was approached by a staff member of Sir Henry Tizard's Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence. Britain was, in this period, ahead of most other nations in integrating the academic scientific community and defense research and development (R&D), as illustrated by the lead that the Royal Air Force enjoyed in radar technology over the main adversary, Germany. However, as war drew closer, the Committee had experienced a problem regarding intelligence or, rather, the lack of intelligence: the British services simply were unable to collect material that might provide any insight into German efforts to apply science in aerial warfare. Jones was offered the task of looking into this problem and he accepted – by coincidence, agreeing to start his new job on September 1, the fateful day that Germany invaded Poland.Jones's experience underscores the central theme of this book. Our purpose in surveying the state of research on intelligence is not only to suggest promising topics or even to promote better understanding by academics and others of what intelligence does – although later in the chapter we assemble some of the research suggestions that derive from the assessments of the book's chapters. Rather, our ultimate purpose is also to improve the practice of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZIVSH973,2009,"Wilhelm Agrell, Gregory F. Treverton",Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T20:53:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1017/CBO9781139174541.012,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2288739731,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2288739731,2015.0,2020.0,2009.0,,6.0 6499,The Limits of Avowal: Secret Intelligence in an Age of Public Scrutiny,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/limits-of-avowal-secret-intelligence-in-an-age-of-public-scrutiny/BF4DA491226D54134CD857829946F766,"Compare these two quotations. First, testimony to the Congressional Oversight Committee from the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): “We can't break the law.…You just can't go to that place.…I actually said fairly publicly to our workforce that, as director, I have to be certain that that which I'm asking a CIA officer to do is consistent with the Constitution, the laws and the international treaty obligations of the United States.…If I can't say that, I can't ask an officer to do it”. Second, as put to the British author Bickham Sweet-Escott on his recruitment into the British Wartime Special Operations Executive: “I can't tell you what sort of a job it would be. All I can say is that if you join us, you mustn't be afraid of forgery, and you mustn't be afraid of murder”. The first quotation is from 2007, the second from 1940. Almost 70 years and a revolution in intelligence work separate these two attitudes. A question hangs over the quotations: Can the acknowledged, democratically accountable, independently overseen, and publicly Web-visible government intelligence agencies that we now have, operating to a strict ethical code, be expected to be able to collect worthwhile secret intelligence and engage in effective secret action?The question is not academic. Academic analysis, however, should help answer the opening question.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/89EJPAHN,2009,Sir David Omand,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T20:53:09Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1017/CBO9781139174541.011,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2289945042,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2289945042,2013.0,2018.0,2009.0,,4.0 6500,The Intelligence–Policy Maker Relationship and the Politicization of Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/intelligencepolicy-maker-relationship-and-the-politicization-of-intelligence/73FB1FE5DC59F73F791FC47EE0E5297B,"The relationship between intelligence and policy making has been a matter of concern ever since the establishment of intelligence agencies as we now know them. The debate on the particular but related problem of politicization of intelligence has a shorter history. The phenomenon itself is not new. Before World War II, when intelligence was mostly collected by agents in the field, the fragmentary picture that resulted provided ample opportunity for policy makers to draw their own conclusions based on their own knowledge, fixed ideas, or prejudices. However, as intelligence during and after the war became a profession, with an increasingly sophisticated array of technical means of collection and analysis, the intelligence agencies and their products acquired a status which meant they could not so easily be bypassed in the policy-making process. In authoritarian regimes, this was not a problem; there, politicization permeated the entire intelligence process. Thus, for example, the KGB leadership in 1984 instructed its agents that their “chief task is to help to frustrate the aggressive intentions of American imperialism.”In democratic systems, however, the leeway for simply rejecting intelligence analysts' products in favor of policy-maker preferences became narrower. Policy makers then had to resort to other and sometimes more devious ways of bypassing intelligence that they did not agree with or that did not fit with their policy choices. Thus, politicization of intelligence became an issue.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BDWLZVLL,2009,Olav Riste,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T20:52:26Z,['CGAXYI88'],10.1017/CBO9781139174541.009,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W178648253,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W178648253,2017.0,2025.0,2009.0,,8.0 6501,Technical Collection in the Post–September 11 World,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/technical-collection-in-the-postseptember-11-world/F75223C6184518C27734DCD854F8134D,"A quarter-century ago, Wilhelm Agrell reflected on the impact of technical collection – which initially consisted of overhead photographic reconnaissance and communications intelligence (COMINT) – on national intelligence. On the positive side, it made it possible for the most advanced countries to get “an almost complete picture of the strength, deployment, and activity of foreign military forces.” The negative, for Agrell, was an overemphasis on what could be counted. Intelligence became “concentrated on evaluation and comparison of military strength based exclusively on numerical factors.”Yet, since the fall of communism and since 11 September 2001, research has not really asked similar questions about the impact of technical collection. To be sure, the highly classified nature of some collection makes it difficult for outsiders to judge the effects on policy outcomes. It is possible, however, to come to the kind of judgments Agrell rendered about the impact of technical collection on the practice of intelligence. So far, however, more serious research has not moved much beyond the post–September 11 conventional wisdom that the change in intelligence's target renders technical collection less effective. Terrorists, it is thought, are small and fleet – networked enough not to depend on large fixed facilities that can be monitored from space and nimble enough to shift to forms of communication, such as couriers, that cannot be intercepted by satellite systems.This chapter assesses research on technical collection, looking across the various “INTs” and, in particular, probing that conventional wisdom.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KC6GXMGN,2009,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T20:52:03Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1017/CBO9781139174541.008,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2500714146,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2500714146,2013.0,2017.0,2009.0,,4.0 6502,On Counterterrorism and Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/on-counterterrorism-and-intelligence/945633672EDBD2E7DC61DB911788495A,"Counterterrorism is an intelligence war. The intelligence community (IC) plays a central role in counterterrorism in at least three key ways. Counterterrorism relies on intelligence to (1) understand the threat, (2) give warning of adversaries' intentions and capabilities, and (3) find and disrupt the adversary. In these roles, intelligence provides counterterrorism forces with targets and opportunities to attack terrorist capabilities and processes, thereby achieving strategic objectives.Measuring the effectiveness of counterterrorism strategy is critical to the success of the strategy in order to validate the strategy and consequent resource decisions, to ensure the effectiveness of the plans and underlying action, and to provide policy makers with insight into whether counterterrorism efforts are actually making a difference. Here, the IC plays a fourth key role, in collecting, processing, and analyzing data required to assess effectiveness and providing planners with information necessary to establish “metrics” and measure strategic effectiveness. There are models of assessment that provide ways to measure strategic effectiveness that also provide insight into what is needed from intelligence.The nature of the terrorist threat, the demands of effective counterterrorism strategy, the role of intelligence in counterterrorism, and the need to measure strategic effectiveness all generate new requirements for intelligence. Research on intelligence tradecraft, tools, process, and policy can provide intelligence agencies with ways to transform their business and better fulfill their counterterrorism roles.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRXCPGTZ,2009,Neal A. Pollard,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T20:51:49Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1017/CBO9781139174541.007,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1549240882,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1549240882,2013.0,2024.0,2009.0,,4.0 6503,Intelligence Analysis after the Cold War – New Paradigm or Old Anomalies?,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/intelligence-analysis-after-the-cold-war-new-paradigm-or-old-anomalies/A0235D8292D034C48DB169D6A04249D0,"Intelligence organisations, in their modern 20th-century form, are not only providers of information acquired through what is traditionally described as special means. Intelligence organisations or communities are also increasingly expected to achieve some sort of comprehension of a general situation and the course of specific events. In the best of worlds, this comprehension can be transformed into useful background analysis or warning – whether early or late, specific or general – that something is or might be developing in the domain that the intelligence service is expected to monitor. In the real world, lack of comprehension and, thus, of foresight is a common phenomenon, so common that it now constitutes the dominating theme of intelligence studies. Remove the failures and little is left of what is written about intelligence analysis and its use during the Cold War and beyond. Huge efforts have thus been expended to investigate and ponder why intelligence has been unable to deliver what was rightfully or wrongfully expected from it and to find solutions in terms of intelligence reform, often focused on reorganisation. This failure–investigation–reorganisation cycle has become something of a malaise of early 21st-century Western intelligence.A consensus has emerged on the necessity to transform intelligence and improve its ability to analyse and deliver foresight. However, neither reorganisation nor analytic training is a sufficient answer. The fundamental problem is the implicit model for knowledge production in intelligence systems that have been in place for more than a half-century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3ZV5C8RP,2009,Wilhelm Agrell,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T20:50:56Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1017/CBO9781139174541.006,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1693428722,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1693428722,2014.0,2025.0,2009.0,,5.0 6504,Building a Theory of Intelligence Systems,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/building-a-theory-of-intelligence-systems/103BDBD59E63D6D85BEF64C9374BD34E,"From a hobby of kings and a staple of lurid tales, intelligence has gradually become a proper topic of scholarship. During the last generation, various scholars have voiced impatience with the insightful but ad hoc pattern of studies in this new field and have called for research agendas oriented around cross-national comparisons. Such agendas, however, have not yet emerged. Various well-known factors help to explain this deficit of truly comparative analyses: the paucity of reliable, declassified data to analyze; the general lack of interest among government agencies in sponsoring such studies by in-house experts with access to the files; and the methodological divide between the academic historians (and their official counterparts) mining the available documents and their colleagues trained in political science who draw generalizations from the historical findings. Unfortunately, these perennial obstacles seem immune to quick or easy solutions. Another reason for the lack of comparative studies, however, is closer to home and perhaps easier to address: the lack of agreement, among both scholars and practitioners, of just what would be compared in a comparative approach to intelligence studies.A great amount of writing, and some excellent research, has been done on intelligence activities and personalities. Not so much has been done on the collective authorities, resources, oversight, and missions assigned to parties officially assembled to perform intelligence duties of particular nations. Still less has been done to compare these collectivities across nations, cultures, or eras. What has been written is not comprehensive.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/69RZEL87,2009,Michael Warner,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T20:50:25Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1017/CBO9781139174541.003,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2500035574,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2500035574,2015.0,2026.0,2009.0,,6.0 6505,Reflections on Intelligence Historiography since 1939,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/reflections-on-intelligence-historiography-since-1939/81C992C374F6CAFC9E402D85D42D5D32,"Sherman Kent, the founding father of U.S. intelligence analysis, complained in 1955 that intelligence was the only profession which lacked a serious literature:From my point of view this is a matter of greatest importance. As long as this discipline lacks a literature, its methods, its vocabulary, its body of doctrine, and even its fundamental theory run the risk of never reaching full maturity.Practicing economists and politicians, among others, are rightly critical of the remoteness of some academic research from the real world in which they operate. However, economics without economic theory and economic history, politics without political history and political science, would be what Kent forecasted intelligence would remain without an intelligence literature: immature disciplines.The public space left vacant by the slow growth of intelligence studies as an academic discipline was invaded by a generation of fantasists and conspiracy theorists. Intelligence thus became the only profession in which a fictional character is still many times better known than any real intelligence officer, alive or dead. That character, of course, is James Bond, who made his first appearance in Casino Royal two years before Kent's article on “The Need for an Intelligence Literature.” Bond films have since been seen and mostly enjoyed by a majority of the world's population.THE ABSENCE OF SIGINT, OR “NO SUCH AGENCY”Until the 1970s, the majority of the world's modern historians, political scientists, and international-relations specialists was so bemused by intelligence that it was ignored altogether.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UBP2M5L2,2009,Christopher Andrew,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T20:47:33Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1017/CBO9781139174541.004,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1564534339,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1564534339,2018.0,2021.0,2009.0,,9.0 6506,The Political Warfare Executive: a re-evaluation based upon the intelligence work of the German Section,Thesis,https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6022/,"Conventional interpretations regarding the role of the Political Warfare Executive during the Second World War have concentrated almost exclusively on the propaganda output of the organisation. The role of the intelligence sections working for and within the organisation have been largely disregarded or overlooked in the existing history of Executive. This thesis offers a re-evaluation of the PWE which includes this `missing dimension', specifically here the intelligence work of the German Section of the Executive. This approach widens the scope of enquiry to include an exploration of the links between intelligence and propaganda, subversion and sabotage and considers the importance of this relationship for the way in which the PWE emerged. The examination of the Weekly Reports of the German Section identifies a different `type' of intelligence which can be described as `social political' intelligence, which provided the British government with a unique view of the social and political conditions in Germany throughout the duration of the war. The thesis concentrates on the period after the announcement of Unconditional Surrender in January 1943 to the early months on 1946, when the personnel and expertise of the German Section were transferred to the Foreign Office. The analysis of the intelligence reports of the German Section is focussed on three particular issues of interest to government at the time and to historians today. These are German resistance and public opinion, British occupational rule, and the emergence of the perception of the Russian `threat' in Whitehall which signalled the beginning of the Cold War. Taken together these illustrate the way in which the PWE incrementally expanded it's activities over this period of time, and provide the basis for the re- evaluation of the Executive.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9PQT8G3P,1996,Pauline Elkes,,,2022-12-27T22:30:54Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Sheffield,,,,,,,,, 6507,Oversight of Intelligence: A Comparative Approach,Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/oversight-of-intelligence-a-comparative-approach/5F5333622F43743231E2038DBA58C2DD,"Intelligence oversight, defined as a special control of intelligence services by national parliaments, is a fairly new function in the development of modern governance as is also research into that function. It reaches back only to the 1970s in the United States and to the 1990s in Britain. To be sure, there are some exceptions. The Netherlands established a specific parliamentary control in 1952; Germany (then West Germany) did so in 1956. France, one of Europe's oldest parliamentary democracies, passed its first extensive legislation in 2007.Parliaments, however, are not alone in checking on what intelligence services do. Primary responsibility for their proper functioning lies with the executive. Governments are politically responsible to parliaments and to the public for what intelligence does or fails to do. Yet, they face a difficult-to-resolve dilemma. Due to extremely tight security requirements, only a small number of government ministers and officials are in a position to monitor continuously and systematically the potentially most dangerous and most controversial intelligence operations. Because these are the same people who also give the orders, they are understandably reluctant to burrow deeply into intelligence failures of one sort or another. As a result, the most powerful oversight instrument is also the most unlikely to do the job rigorously. Typically, it takes an intelligence “scandal”, revealed by the press to the public, to get parliaments and executive overseers to act. In some cases, the judiciary becomes involved in pinpointing intelligence failure and forcing the executive to make needed changes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5SPMYVUI,2009,Wolfgang Krieger,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T20:46:04Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1017/CBO9781139174541.010,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1579400628,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1579400628,2016.0,2025.0,2009.0,,7.0 6508,К вопросу об использовании немецкой разведкой гражданского населения СССР в 1941–1944 годах [On the Question of Using the Civilian Population of the USSR by German Intelligence in 1941–1944],Journal article,https://dspace.spbu.ru/handle/11701/20474,"During 1941–1944 the German occupation and intelligence services created an extensive network of training centers (schools and courses) in the occupied territories of the USSR. Mostly Soviet prisoners of war were involved in reconnaissance and sabotage work, although a significant number of agents were recruited from the civilian (non-military) population. First, people who were in active or passive opposition to the Soviet regime were attracted: former emigrants, those repressed or dispossessed, ideological opponents, criminals, and others. At the same time, a significant number of agents were recruited from the civilian population who remained in the occupied territories, especially from its most vulnerable categories (women and children). The recruited agents were used to carry out reconnaissance and sabotage missions, both in the rear of the USSR and in parts of the Red Army, and against the resistance movement. On the territory of the BSSR occupied by the Germans, sixteen training centers were opened where saboteur children were trained, and more than twenty were opened to train “agents in skirts”. Similar schools and courses were opened in Russia, Ukraine, and the Baltic states. The Soviet secret services and partisan counterintelligence bodies were well informed about such work of the German secret organs. The performance of agents trained from among the civilian population was low. There were some tactical successes and actions by enemy agents (especially on the eve and during the period of punitive operations), but strategically this work by the Germans actually failed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S2Q4DZFL,2020-09-01,"E. E. Krasnozhenova, S. V. Kulinok",St Petersburg State University,Modern History of Russia,2024-01-09T20:43:28Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.21638/11701/spbu24.2020.304,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3102464505,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3102464505,2020.0,2024.0,2020.0,https://dspace.spbu.ru/bitstream/11701/20474/1/609-621.pdf,0.0 6509,Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence Activities in Iran during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2010.512783,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DCUQ24U8,2010-09-01,Suleyman Seydi,Routledge,Middle Eastern Studies,2024-01-09T20:41:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/00263206.2010.512783,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2329931992,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2329931992,2015.0,2020.0,2010.0,,5.0 6510,In the Service of American Intelligence: German-Jewish Exiles in the War Against Hitler,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/leobaeck/37.1.461,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NN4Q7CFR,1992-01-01,Guy Stern,,The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book,2024-01-09T19:25:19Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1093/leobaeck/37.1.461,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2170948027,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2170948027,2016.0,2019.0,1992.0,,24.0 6511,"Hitler, Intelligence and the Decision to Remilitarize the Rhine",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200949903400101,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NJXF5LH9,1999-01-01,Zach Shore,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-09T19:24:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1177/002200949903400101,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1991420930,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1991420930,2021.0,2021.0,1999.0,,22.0 6512,"Hostage of foreign interests: German intelligence involvement in Arab-Israeli hostage deals, 1980–2010",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.785662,"German-Israeli intelligence cooperation began shortly after the establishment of the State of Israel. Although the two states collaborated and supported each other for years, few took notice of this intelligence alliance until Israel asked for Germany's assistance in negotiating hostage deals with terror organizations from the late 1980s. This article analyzes the reasons why Israel and other Middle Eastern players turned to Germany and its intelligence services to act as negotiators in hostage exchange deals; the evolution of their perceptions of the German record; the relationships between German negotiators, their parent agencies, the German government, and the Middle Eastern sides in the negotiations; and the implications of this involvement for Germany's position and status in the Middle East.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8PLYWZHU,2013-06-01,Tamir Libel,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-01-09T19:23:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/16161262.2013.785662,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064726266,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064726266,2014.0,2019.0,2013.0,,1.0 6513,German Foreign Intelligence from Hitler's War to the Cold War: Flawed Assumptions and Faulty Analysis,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700627578,"In the Allies’ post-war analyses of the Nazis’ defeat, the “weakness and incompetence” of the German intelligence services figured prominently. And how could it have been otherwise, when they worked at the whim of a regime in the grip of “ignorant maniacs”? But what if, Robert Hutchinson asks, the worldviews of the intelligence services and the “ignorant maniacs” aligned more closely than these analyses—and subsequent studies—assumed? What if the reports of the German foreign intelligence services, rather than being dismissed by ideologues who “knew better,” instead served to reinforce the National Socialist worldview? Returning to these reports, examining the information on enemy nations that was gathered, processed, and presented to leaders in the Nazi state, Hutchinson’s study reveals the consequences of the politicization of German intelligence during the war—as well as the persistence of ingrained prejudices among the intelligence services’ Cold War successors Closer scrutiny of underutilized and unpublished reports shows how during the World War II the German intelligence services supported widely-held assumptions among the Nazi elite that Britain was politically and morally bankrupt, that the Soviet Union was tottering militarily and racially inferior, and that the United States’ vast economic potential was undermined by political, cultural, and racial degeneration. Furthermore, Hutchinson argues, these distortions continued as German intelligence veterans parlayed their supposed expertise on the Soviet Union into positions of prominence in Western intelligence in the early years of the Cold War. With its unique insights into the impact of ideology on wartime and post-war intelligence, his book raises important questions not only about how intelligence reports can influence policy decisions, but also about the subjective nature of intelligence gathering itself.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8N4X4CDQ,2019-01-01,Robert Hutchinson,University Press of Kansas,,2024-01-09T19:22:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6514,Intelligence in the First World War: The State of the Field,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.727070,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6P8FVGIP,2014-03-04,Daniel Larsen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-01-17T23:38:11Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684527.2012.727070,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074101967,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074101967,2016.0,2024.0,2012.0,,4.0 6515,"Toward ‘normal’ politics? Security, parliaments and the politicisation of intelligence oversight in the German Bundestag",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148117745683,"Security has often been considered a special kind of politics that presents a particular challenge for liberal democracy, whether due to securitised states of exception or technocratic risk management. This article examines whether and how parliaments can be sites of politicisation, moving security from exceptional and technocratic politics toward more ‘normal’ democratic politics. Moving beyond the narrow focus on decisions over the use of military force, the examination focuses on the ‘hard case’ of parliamentary oversight of intelligence agencies and provides a case study on the German Bundestag. Overall, it finds that a strict divide between security and normal politics is overly simplistic, even when it comes to intelligence. There is evidence for politicisation that reveals patterns of normal politics through an increasingly institutionalised framework as well as public, increasingly controversial debates, including a good deal of partisan politics. However, debates tend to center on institutional and legal issues as well as symbolic skirmishes after specific events of high visibility, while many restrictions are deeply entrenched in parliamentary conventions and attitudes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9Y85HJI7,2018-02-01,Hendrik Hegemann,SAGE Publications,The British Journal of Politics and International Relations,2024-01-09T19:20:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1177/1369148117745683,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2791804586,21.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2791804586,2018.0,2026.0,2018.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1369148117745683,0.0 6516,"Nazi Secret Warfare in Occupied Persia (Iran): The Failure of the German Intelligence Services, 1939-45",Book,https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137427915,"This is the first full-length work to be published about the spectacular failure of the German intelligence services in Persia (Iran) during WWII. Based on archival research it analyzes a compelling history of Nazi planning, operations, personalities, and intrigues, and follows the protagonists from Hitler's rise to power into the postwar era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YVTFUACR,2014-01-01,Adrian O'Sullivan,Springer,,2024-01-09T16:02:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6517,Anglo-German intelligence relations and Brexit,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1333694,"Security and intelligence matter to the state; they also matter to the European Union (EU). Germany is a driving force behind the EU, which most naturally also includes support of EU security policy and institutions. However, there is also a long-standing bilateral tradition between the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany in this regard. Anglo-German intelligence and security relations have seen many ups and downs, but at the end of the day they have always proven to be effective in the right moment, with standing political crisis. Brexit means that the UK will be leaving the EU but not Europe – a simple fact often ignored in heated discussions. The UK will continue to share European security interests; she has to. Having said that, the current paper argues that current threats to national and EU security can in fact have soothing effect amid political turmoil around Brexit. The underlying argument is that common strategic interest is likely to lead to a cool-headed pragmatic approach. Intelligence and security relations, liaison and sharing, should, after all, continue to exist and not severely be affected by Brexit. It remains to be seen whether the UK will stay a permanent member of the respective EU security institutions; however, even if technically the answer is no, some sort of arrangement ensuring constant exchange is highly likely. This, after all, leads to the conclusion that from the Anglo-German intelligence and security point of view Brexit will not be a very dramatic affair.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CJN4MDK2,2017-07-03,Frederic Ischebeck-Baum,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2024-01-09T13:49:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/16161262.2017.1333694,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2623138081,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2623138081,2019.0,2020.0,2017.0,,2.0 6518,VERY SPECIAL INTELLIGENCE: The Story of the Admiralty’s Operational Intelligence Centre 1939-1945,Book,https://www.naval-military-press.com/product/very-special-intelligencethe-story-of-the-admiraltys-operational-intelligence-centre-1939-1945/,"The Operational Intelligence Centre (OIC) was the nerve centre of the British Admiralty in World War II, dedicated to the collection, analysis and dissemination of information from every possible source that could throw light upon the plans and deployment of German naval and maritime forces throughout the War. This highly readable account tells the story of how the results of Enigma decoding at Bletchley Park and other intelligence was used in the titanic struggle against the U-boat menace. In the OIC operations room beneath the Admiralty, teams sifted through a combination of radar direction tracking information, secret reports of U-boat departures from the French ports, code-breaking from Bletchley, as well as information from the Americans and Canadians, often contradictory, to anticipate and counter the U-boat threat; and Sir Charles Rodger Noel Winn, in charge of U-boat tracking, who was said to be able to almost read the mind of Admiral Dönitz., the U-Boat commander-in-chief. Through the author’s experiences of this intelligence world his riveting story adds a new dimension to those dramatic episodes such as the hunt for the Bismarck, the tragedy of Convoy PQ17, and the long war against the U-boats in the wastes of the North Atlantic, and other naval events that were critical to the outcome of the War. ‘This is the best book so far, and likely to remain so, about British intelligence in World War II.’ THE GUARDIAN",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A2SJPE2I,2006-06-15,Patrick Beesly,Naval & Military Press,,2024-01-09T13:47:30Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6519,Deception and intelligence failure: Anglo-German preparations for U-boat warfare in the 1930s,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315814803-15/deception-intelligence-failure-joseph-maiolo,Deception and intelligence failure - 2 - Anglo-German preparations for U-boat warfare in the 1930s,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V9NQ67IM,2014-01-21,Joseph A. Maiolo,Routledge,,2024-01-09T13:46:07Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,Strategic Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6520,"""According to Colonel Donovan""; A Document from the Records of German Military Intelligence",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/24446559,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MYB27QK5,1983,Timothy P. Mulligan,Wiley,The Historian,2024-01-09T13:45:22Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6521,"Haig's Intelligence: GHQ and the German Army, 1916–1918",Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/haigs-intelligence/C8E7355FE420251BF9CB60AAE202A893,"Haig's Intelligence is an important study of Douglas Haig's controversial command during the First World War. Based on extensive new research, it addresses a perennial question about the British army on the Western Front between 1916 and 1918: why did they think they were winning? Jim Beach reveals how the British perceived the German army through a study of the development of the British intelligence system, its personnel and the ways in which intelligence was gathered. He also examines how intelligence shaped strategy and operations by exploring the influence of intelligence in creating perceptions of the enemy. He shows for the first time exactly what the British knew about their opponent, when and how and, in so doing, sheds significant new light on continuing controversies about the British army's conduct of operations in France and Belgium and the relationship between Haig and his chief intelligence officer, John Charteris.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JCKTR7BF,2013-11-01,Jim Beach,Cambridge University Press,,2024-01-09T12:08:32Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1017/CBO9781139600521,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4256632910,34.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4256632910,2015.0,2024.0,2013.0,,2.0 6522,Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence in German Prisoner of War Camps in Canada During World War II,Journal article,https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/bitstream/handle/10222/60063/dalrev_vol58_iss2_pp285_294.pdf?sequence=1,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EKWV6V3M,1978,John Joseph Kelly,,The Dalhousie Review,2024-01-09T12:06:13Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6523,Beyond Diplomacy: German Military Intelligence in Sweden 1939–1945,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2011.519251,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BX9CF6GV,2011-03-07,Simon Olsson,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-09T12:05:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2011.519251,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2011983818,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2011983818,2018.0,2021.0,2011.0,,7.0 6524,Intelligence Services and Foreign Policy: German-Israeli Intelligence and Military Co-operation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714001230,"German-Israeli relations were often characterised as a one-way street, with emphasis on Germany's historical commitment to support Israel due to the Holocaust and the crimes of the National Socialist regime. What is not known is that Germany's security interests benefited enormously from its intelligence and military co-operation relations with Israel. This article analyses the development of German-Israeli intelligence and military co-operation, explores the interests which motivated it and examines how covert co-operation influenced the overall bilateral relations between the countries. The article argues that it was not only historical legacy but firm realpolitik security interests which motivated consecutive German governments to undertake significant political risks in conducting its secret relations with Israel. The success of this secret co-operation contributed significantly to the security of the Federal Republic and its contribution to NATO's Cold War European strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D5MXAQYL,2002-04-01,Shlomo Shpiro,Routledge,German Politics,2024-01-09T11:43:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/714001230,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2026408933,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2026408933,2016.0,2022.0,2002.0,,14.0 6525,Bruderorgane: The Soviet Origins of East German Intelligence,Journal article,https://perspectivia.net/receive/ploneimport_mods_00000262,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/APCT9A85,2014,Benjamin Fischer,,The Stasi at Home and Abroad: Domestic Order and Foreign Intelligence Bulletin Supplement,2024-01-09T10:15:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6526,Finland in the World History of Intelligence and Espionage,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=96708,"This article approaches the role of Finland in the fascinating world of espionage and intelligence of the 20th century. The importance of this country as a “black market” of intelligence during the inter-war period, the World War II and the Cold War is investigated in the light of the published literature and archival documents. During the Cold War, Finland exceeded her overall international importance in regard to intelligence and espionage, famous world secret services being very active in this country, such as the KGB, CIA, STASI, to quote only a few. Gradually, Finland is coming to terms with this concealed part of her history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TCKIBBZL,2008,Alexandru Popescu,Editura Cetatea de Scaun,Valahian Journal of Historical Studies,2024-01-09T09:13:31Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6527,Enemy Within: The Challenge of Domestic Terrorism,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BrD1t1dxJvs,"After supporters of former President Donald Trump assaulted the Capitol building on January 6th in response to his false claims of electoral fraud, the issue of domestic extremism leaped to the forefront of the public’s consciousness and became one of the highest priorities of US law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Despite increased scrutiny, the problem is hardly a new one. Analysts’ warnings, overlooked for years, are now receiving renewed attention. And domestic extremism creates novel challenges for national security agencies in a democracy. What exactly is the nature of threat? What are the potential responses? How do we stop it while protecting civil liberties? What roles do the FBI and Department of Homeland Security play in countering it? What should the intelligence community do? The Michael V. Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy, and International Security is pleased to present a conversation that addresses these questions and others on this pressing issue. Joining us are Andrew McCabe, former Deputy and Acting Director of the FBI, and Elizabeth Neumann, former Assistant Secretary for Threat Prevention and Security Policy at the Department of Homeland Security. David Priess, Hayden Center senior fellow and chief operating officer of the Lawfare Institute, moderates the discussion. The Hayden Center is located at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government in Arlington, VA. Gen Hayden, our founder, has been a distinguished visiting professor at Schar School for 11 years. Andrew McCabe and David Priess have joined the Schar School faculty this academic year. Music provided by www.bensound.com.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9L6LEXZQ,2021-03-26,"Elizabeth Neuman, Andrew McCabe",,,2022-03-07T08:30:53Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6528,The President’s Kill List: Assassination and US Foreign Policy since 1945,Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-the-president-s-kill-list.html,"Investigates the US government’s involvement in the assassination of foreign officials from the early Cold War to the present day Traces continuities in the conduct of US foreign policy and in the arguments used to justify and legitimate assassination plots Details the direct and indirect methods deployed by the US government to assassinate foreign officials Utilises extensive and often recently declassified archival material to unveil new details of Cold War and post-Cold War plots Analyses the secretive decision-making surrounding assassination plots, as well as the extent, nature, and role of presidential orders to kill Explores and exposes the euphemisms, innuendos, silences, and denials that have long characterised the US government’s approach to assassination From Fidel Castro to Qassem Soleimani, the US government has been involved in an array of assassinations and assassination attempts against foreign leaders and officials. The President’s Kill List reveals how the US government has relied on a variety of methods, from the use of poison to the delivery of sniper rifles, and from employing hitmen to simply laying the groundwork for local actors to do the deed themselves. It shows not only how policymakers decided on assassination but also the level of Presidential control over these decisions. Tracing the history of the US government’s approach to assassination, the book analyses the evolution of assassination policies and, for the first time, reveals how successive administrations - through private justifications and public legitimations – ensured assassination remained an available tool.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ITRJQ9XL,2024-05-01,Luca Trenta,Edinburgh University Press,,2024-01-09T08:04:33Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6529,Strategic and Operational Deception in Historical Perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431904,"A discussion of deception as one of the most important elements in warfare. Defined as the process of influencing the enemy to make disadvantageous decisions, deception is analyzed in strategic & operational terms from a historical viewpoint, beginning with classical antiquity. Examples of deception in WWII battles between the English & the Turkish at Gaza & Megiddo (Palestine) are presented as modern illustrations. Specific means & methods for deception are presented, & potential countermeasures considered. 4 Figures, 6 Maps, 2 Appendixes. F. Rasmussen",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YVQUXZ5S,1987,Michael Handel,,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6530,Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency - an Actor in National Security?,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/26918088,"One disparate feature between Finnish civilian and military intelligence is their express relationship to national security. The Finnish Security and Intelligence Service prominently declares to be an expert in national security whereas no corresponding public territorial claim has been made by its counterpart – the Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency (FDIA). This observation leads to the question: are the tasks of the FDIA limited solely to the military defence of Finland or has it any more comprehensive role in safeguarding national security. This article aims to examine this question by comparing the provisions governing the purpose of civilian and military intelligence and analysing the provision on the targets of military intelligence. Legal analysis indicate that military intelligence targets are broadly located in the field on national security, both at the core of military activities and in the outer reaches on non-military activities. The FDIA actually has a wide mandate which extends its mission beyond the reaches of civilian intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQBVEDXC,2020,Mikael Lohse,University of South Florida Board of Trustees,Journal of Strategic Security,2024-01-08T15:58:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6531,The Intelligence Process in Finland,Journal article,https://sjms.nu/articles/10.31374/sjms.55,"Civilian and Military Intelligence Acts entered into force in Finland on 1 June 2019. With the Finnish Security and Intelligence Service and the Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency securing new statutory powers to collect and use information on both domestic and international threats to Finland’s national defence and security, these authorities have been transformed into combined domestic security and foreign intelligence services. The intelligence reform represents the most profound change ever made in the Finnish security sector, and it will have a major impact on the work of Finnish intelligence authorities in the years to come. How then is the Finnish intelligence organised as a process? This article aims to distinguish norms regulating the intelligence process from the vast intelligence legislation, and to organise this legal substance into four stages: (1) steering, (2) collection, (3) processing and analysis, and (4) sharing. The second objective is to identify areas of development in the intelligence process and suggest law and policy recommendations for the future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6JFRYFDA,2020-06-19,Mikael Lohse,Scandinavian Military Studies,,2024-01-08T15:57:43Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.31374/sjms.55,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3036555290,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3036555290,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,http://sjms.nu/articles/10.31374/sjms.55/galley/54/download/,1.0 6532,Intelligence Control and Oversight in Poland since 1989,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2018.1532182,"The article presents Polish intelligence services from institutional perspective. The development of oversight and control system, which started in 1989, is still an ongoing process. Based on almost 30 years of experience it can be said that in Poland intelligence services are not about special tasks or privileges. They are rather a group of institutions which are subject to specific institutional oversight and control and are called special services. This paper focuses on institutional mechanisms of oversight and control and shows its most important elements: intelligence services, oversight institutions and institutions of control.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28SEEKC9,2018-09-02,Mateusz Kolaszyński,Routledge,"The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs",2024-01-08T15:49:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/23800992.2018.1532182,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2902965882,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2902965882,2020.0,2023.0,2018.0,https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/71615,2.0 6533,Jusuf-bek Umaszew and the importance of the Caucasus for Polish intelligence services during World War II in view of documents kept in Polish archives in London,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1017244,"Jusuf-bek Umaszew was most probably born in Dagestan and was most likely of Kumyk origin. In the interwar period he served as a contract officer in the 36th Infantry Regiment stationed in Warsaw. He was on active duty in the Polish Army until the last days of the defense in September 1939. After the campaign he left for Turkey. There he was recruited by Polish intelligence, which entrusted Umaszew with the task of building a courier route through the Caucasus to Polish lands occupied by the Soviet Union (Lviv and Białystok). This was achieved after the beginning of the German-Soviet war in June 1941. In 1943, the post where Umaszew worked was terminated, and he was transferred from Istanbul to Jerusalem. Around that time, the idea of using him in the activities of the “Promethean movement” emerged. However, no decisions were ultimately made in this regard. Nevertheless, following the end of World War II Umaszew became involved in the movement, though it is not possible to determine whether he did so in cooperation with the Poles or on his own initiative.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U3QKM9RM,2020,Przemysław Adamczewski,Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk,Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej,2024-01-08T15:48:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6534,Polish Military Intelligence and Enigma,Journal article,https://www.proquest.com/openview/c959730d8093a995796d25acac997836/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1820860,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GYZKTHB3,1991-03-01,Richard Andrew Woytak,,East European Quarterly,2024-01-08T15:05:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6535,"On the Border of War and Peace: The Role of Intelligence and the Frontier in Polish Foreign Policy, 1938-1939.",Thesis,https://www.proquest.com/docview/302828373/citation/7F767B3BEF2A4D35PQ/1,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G7WMRDXI,1976-12-01,Richard Andrew Woytak,,,2024-01-08T14:56:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,PhD Thesis,"University of California, Santa Barbara",,,,,,,,, 6536,"Polish Diaspora and Military Intelligence of the Second Polish Republic, 1918-1939. An Outline of the Problem",Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=850206,"Millions of Poles living outside of their native lands, that is members of Polish diaspora, were recognized by the Polish authorities as a reservoir of strong support for the homeland. The Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs conducted activities aimed at turning them into a useful tool in the hands of the government. Polish diaspora, mainly understood as Poles permanently living abroad, formed the basis for Polish intelligence activities in the interwar period. An analysis of selected intelligence networks and agents’ nationalities may lead to such a conclusion. This phenomenon applied not only to “small fries” in the intelligence cycle, that is thousands of people gathering meaningless information, but also to the most prominent agents, who – although less often – were of Polish origin.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4STKS3QH,2019,Wojciech Skóra,Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL & Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II,Studia Polonijne,2024-01-08T14:00:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6537,"Strange bedfellows in the arms trade: Polish intelligence, Monzer al-Kassar and the Iran-Contra affair",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2044592,"The exposure of the Iran-Contra Affair in November 1986 revealed an illegal scheme to sell arms to Iran involving senior officials in the Reagan administration. The profits from the sales were used to support the Contra guerrillas in Nicaragua, to whom the CIA was supplying arms manufactured in the Soviet Bloc. The aim of this article is to examine the behind-the-scenes role played by Polish intelligence services in the arms shipments to Iran and Nicaragua and to shed light on those services’ ties with Monzer al-Kassar, one of the 1980s’ most important arms merchants.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FQCTQXNK,2022-07-29,Przemysław Gasztold,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-08T14:02:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2044592,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4220832292,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4220832292,2022.0,2024.0,2022.0,,0.0 6538,"The “Polish Operation” of the NKVD, 1937–8",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523937_7,"The scope allotted to us merely allows a description of the general contours of the “Polish operation” of the NKVD in the years 1937–8. We place the main emphasis on how it originated, the policy behind it, how it worked and to what extent it was realised. The core document in this connection is Order no. 00485 of the NKVD of the USSR. Order 00485 was confirmed by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the VKP(b) (as the CPSU was then called) on 9 August 1937. It was signed by Ezhov two days later, together with the “sealed” letter “On Fascist-Insurgent, Espionage, Sabotage, Defeatist and Terrorist Activities of Polish Intelligence in the USSR”. This letter had also been approved by Stalin beforehand, and was then signed by Ezhov for circulation to all NKVD units.2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3MKYZ8HR,2003,"Nikita Petrov, Arsenii Roginskii",Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2024-01-08T14:01:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1057/9780230523937_7,Stalin’s Terror: High Politics and Mass Repression in the Soviet Union,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2303081832,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2303081832,2015.0,2025.0,2003.0,,12.0 6539,Purpose – to recognize Germany. About some activities of the Polish intelligence in the 1920s,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1006241,"After World War I, Weimar Germany did not recognize the western borders of the Second Polish Republic. They did not accept the result of the defeat they suffered. Poland was referred to as the ‘Saisonstaat’, which was synonymous with aggression for the Germans. The Weimar Republic sought to rebuild its military potential and demanded the abolition of all forms of control and revision of the Versailles Treaty. From the moment Poland regained independence, the security of the state was threatened by Germany and Russia. In this situation, the identification of threats was of particular importance. Secret service structures were created under very difficult conditions. In the early 1920s, the intelligence reconnaissance of Germany was not sufficient. The organizational changes and improved methods of operation carried out in the second half of this decade had a positive impact on the effects of work. The head of the Berlin intelligence facility, codenamed ‘In 3’, captain, and later major, Jerzy Sosnowski provided the headquarters of the Second Department of Polish General Staff with valuable information on the expansion of the German armed forces. Also, field offices were actively exploring Germany. Agents played a special role in the activities of the intelligence service. Therefore, the process of their selection, conducting, training and supervision, on which the effects of work depended, deserves attention.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CNNLRPEQ,2021,Henryk Ćwięk,Instytut Historii UwS,Historia i Świat,2024-01-08T11:53:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6540,Intelligence from Poland on Chełmno: British responses,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/17504902.2015.1066058,"During the late spring and early summer of 1942, reports sent by the Polish Underground on the gassing of Jews at Chełmno reached London. This article examines how these reports were responded to in Britain. It explores the significance of a withdrawn September 1942 parliamentary question on Chełmno tabled by Geoffrey Mander, and argues that the response of the British Foreign Office to news of Chełmno offers insight into how news of the Holocaust more broadly was marginalized in the wartime narrative in Britain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WR5YSYXX,2015-07-03,Michael Fleming,Routledge,Holocaust Studies,2024-01-08T11:53:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/17504902.2015.1066058,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1855496049,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1855496049,2016.0,2016.0,2015.0,,1.0 6541,"Polish Intelligence in the Netherlands and Dutch Counter-Intelligence, 1947-1962",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2020.1839726,"The article examines the origins, main goals and clandestine operations conducted by Polish Intelligence Services in The Netherlands between 1947 and 1962, as well as Dutch counter-intelligence measures in order to thwart Polish espionage. By using declassified intelligence documents from Polish and Dutch archives, we stipulate that the intelligence operations of Polish civilian and military intelligence stations in The Hague were seriously hampered by the coherent and systematic counter-intelligence operations conducted by Dutch services. Accounts from Polish and Dutch archives indicate that Polish intelligence personnel working undercover as diplomats were quickly identified and put under constant surveillance. Moreover, Polish HUMINT operations aimed at recruiting Dutch citizens were surprisingly unsuccessful.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YAQ3TIUM,2020-09-01,"Cees Wiebes, Przemysław Gasztold",Routledge,"The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs",2024-01-08T11:22:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/23800992.2020.1839726,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3097241990,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 6542,The Polish People’s Republic and KGB Intelligence Cooperation after 1956,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=938900,"Throughout the communist period in Poland, security organs were under the influence and supervision of the Soviet Union. At the beginning of 1957, it was agreed that the KGB Liaison Group would be established in Warsaw. Its role was to coordinate cooperation between security authorities. Despite the change in the situation after 1956, the KGB continued to influence the direction of the Polish Security Service. One of the most important fields of cooperation was intelligence. Department I of the Interior Ministry cooperated with the First Main Directorate of the KGB in many fields. The basis for cooperation was the exchange of information and some of the documents obtained, which were mainly about political and economic issues. Scientific and technical intelligence was also an important field of cooperation. The security authorities of the Polish People’s Republic were not treated by the KGB as an equal partner. Very often they were obliged to give more than they received in return. From the mid-1950s onwards, on the KGB’s initiative, cyclical conferences were convened for the intelligence services of Eastern Bloc countries. Contacts with the KGB ceased in the 1990s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRTI8HUB,2020,Witold Bagieński,Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů,Securitas imperii,2024-01-08T11:21:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6543,"Wars, Weapons and Terrorists: Clandestine Operations of the Polish Military Intelligence Station in Beirut, 1965–1982",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.1664609,"This article examines the Polish Military espionage in Lebanon during the Cold War. Thorough analysis of recently declassified files of the Zarząd II Sztabu Generalnego Wojska Polskiego (Second Board of the General Staff of the Polish Army) allows reevaluation of the role played by the intelligence station codename “Cedr”/”Balbek” in Beirut from 1965 to 1982. The available archival records challenge the notion that Polish military intelligence was effective and conducted a long-term espionage strategy in Lebanon. In fact, since its establishment, the station lacked HUMINT capabilities and relied mostly on open source data. Moreover, the ambitious plans to set up a special intelligence post in Lebanon in case of the outbreak of a Third World War were hindered because of the civil war that started in 1975. Internal instability and bloody military conflict, however, enabled Polish intelligence to acquire significant amounts of Western-made weaponry, which boosted at the same time clandestine contacts with Middle-Eastern terrorist organizations. Warsaw profited from the Lebanese civil war by supplying different factions with arms and by using murky brokers and middle-men for obtaining embargoed goods.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VX6FBNFT,2021-01-02,Przemysław Gasztold,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-01-08T11:18:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/07075332.2019.1664609,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2976075989,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2976075989,2022.0,2024.0,2019.0,,3.0 6544,A Polish Model of the Intelligence Service Reform in 1990,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=609050,"The debate about the shape of the future secret services, which became increasingly heated at the turn of 1989 and 1990 in the Polish Parliament and in the media, revealed a major number of experts, journalists and politicians of various backgrounds who were advocates of radical reforms. The differences among them consisted in the election of one of the two possible ways of introducing the reforms: the “zero option” or “continuation” of the hitherto applied solutions through their adaptation for the needs of the democratic state. However, it turns out that there were many other possible solutions. The “zero option” and “continuation” constituted two contradictory types between which there existed many more gradual forms. Their position was determined by such factors as: “the manner of breaking away with communism”, the level of the government’s experience and knowledge about the reform of the secret service, the involvement of the governing group in this field. Having analyzed all the factors, it becomes possible to sort out the solutions in terms of their organizational structure, their position in the structure of the state authorities, methods, change of the personnel (including the executive staff). The aim of this work is to present the solutions applied in Poland in 1989 in relation to the factors which determined them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F4IH99FJ,2017,,Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu,Zapiski Historyczne,2024-01-08T10:34:50Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6545,Constitutional status of polish intelligence services since 1989 – intelligence vs. the police,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=646608,"The aim of the paper is to focus on two characteristic features which make it difficult to define precisely the constitutional position of Polish intelligence services. First of all, there is no concise concept referring to the place and role that Polish intelligence services should play after 1989. Secondly, intelligence services lack clear distinction from police services. Not only are these services organized in a similar way but also their tasks and powers are alike. Here the question arises: where is the border between intelligence services and police services which were created for different purposes and which have other methods of interfering in individual’s rights and freedom.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KHXCSCV2,2017,Mateusz Kolaszyński,KSIĘGARNIA AKADEMICKA Sp. z o.o.,Politeja - Pismo Wydziału Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego,2024-01-08T10:33:24Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6546,Germany and Sugihara Chiune: Japanese-Polish Intelligence Cooperation and Counter-Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=535996,"Instructed to engage in intelligence against the Soviet Union, Japanese diplomat Sugihara Chiune was stationed in Helsinki in 1937‒1939 and in Kaunas in 1939‒1940. He became known to the world for issuing thousands of transit visas to Polish-Jewish refugees to help them escape from Soviet and Nazi persecution. Much less is known about his spy activities. Following their country’s occupation by the German army, Sugihara provided Polish secret agents with Japanese or Manchurian passports and employed their services for his clandestine undertakings. The Germans, although greatly displeased with his activities as the same agents were working against them for the Polish government-in-exile and the British government, were indifferent to Sugihara’s attempts to rescue the Jews. Despite that German authorities were successful in arresting some of Sugihara’s spies, these measures were ineffective as in most cases the agents’ Japanese or Manchurian passports bestowed them with diplomatic immunity. After the end of Lithuanian independence Sugihara was forced to leave the country and was transferred to Prague ‒ clearly not an ideal place to observe the USSR. Therefore, he took over the newly established consulate-general in Königsberg, modern day Kaliningrad, to gain intelligence on Germany’s preparation for war against the Soviet Union in 1941. Sugihara was ultimately transferred to the legation in Romania after the consulate-general was closed under German pressure.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4T932U6F,2017,Gerhard Krebs,Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas,Darbai ir dienos,2024-01-08T10:29:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6547,"U.S. Intelligence and the Confrontation in Poland, 1980–1981",Book,https://www.psupress.org/books/titles/0-271-02210-8.html,"Despite the U.S. government’s sophisticated intelligence capabilities, policy makers repeatedly seemed to be caught off guard when major crises took place during the Cold War. Were these surprises the result of inadequate information, or rather the use made of the information available? In seeking an answer to this question, former CIA analyst Douglas MacEachin carefully examines the crisis in Poland during 1980–81 to determine what information the U.S. government had about Soviet preparations for military intervention and the Polish regime’s plans for martial law, and what prevented that information from being effectively employed Drawing on his experience in intelligence reporting at the time, as well as on recently declassified U.S. documents and materials from Soviet, Polish, and other Eastern European archives, MacEachin contrasts what was known then with what is known now, and seeks to explain why, despite the evidence available to them, U.S. policy makers did not take the threat of a crackdown seriously enough to prevent it. It was the mind-set of those who processed the information, not the lack or accuracy of information, that was the fundamental problem, MacEachin argues. By highlighting this cognitive obstacle, his analysis points the way toward developing practices to overcome it in the future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RBMPVUKK,2002,"Douglas MacEachin, Jeannine O'Grody",Penn State University Press,,2024-01-08T09:31:28Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6548,THE POLISH INTELLIGENCE SERVICES AND SECURITY DILEMMAS OF A FRONTLINE STATE,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=704030,"This paper seeks to analyze the dynamics of Poland’s intelligence sector reform following the 2015 general elections and present tasks and challenges facing the Polish intelligence services. In the aftermath of presidential and parliamentary elections in 2015, the long period of liberal dominance was ended with the triumph of nationalist conservative Law and Justice Party. Illiberal elements incorporated into democratic governance have raised numerous concerns and official warnings from the European Commission. In parallel, strong support for NATO reinforcement, growing military spending and important changes in the national defence system (establishment of territorial defence forces) have appeased the critical voices and rescued Poland from isolation in the transatlantic security system. The new government has constantly highlighted Poland’s position as a frontline state vis a vis Russia and its close ally – Belarus. Moreover, neighbourhood with war-torn Ukraine has added more risks to geostrategic location. In this complex environment, Poland’s intelligence services have also undergone important changes: personnel reshuffling, politicization and partial reorganization. The paper aims at examining the capacity of Poland as a middle European state to cope effectively with security problems and challenges emerging from both internal political dynamics and external strategic shifts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B3Y59WSW,2017,Artur Gruszczak,National Institute for Intelligence Studies,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-08T09:27:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6549,"Geheimdienste in Europa: Transformation, Kooperation und Kontrolle [Secret services in Europe: Transformation, co-operation and control]",Book,https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6,"Vorwort Als der Ost-West-Konflikt zu Ende ging, fackelte für kurze Zeit eine intensive Diskussion auf, in der die Abschaffung der Nachrichtendienste gefordert wurde, weil man diese in dem veränderten internationalen Umfeld nun ja nicht mehr benötige. Sie seien wichtig gewesen, um in den Jahrzehnten der nuklear unt- legten Systemkonkurrenz Informationen über den Gegner bereitzustellen, vor allem auch deshalb, weil das prekäre nukleare Gleichgewicht ganz besondere Beobachtung des Gegenüber notwendig erscheinen ließ. Literarisch wurde diese Konstellation vielfach beschrieben, wenn die Agenten beider Seiten zur Gewä- leistung sicherer Informationslagen für die Regierungen beider Supermächte und damit zur Sicherung des internationalen Friedens kooperierten. Nun aber, in einer Phase der anbrechenden internationalen Kooperation, die sogar vom Ende der Geschichte geprägt sein sollte, seien die Dienste überflüssig. Es kam anders, und zwar keineswegs überraschend. Denn mit dem Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts waren Politik und Staatenkonkurrenz keineswegs an ihr Ende gekommen. Und ganz im Gegensatz zu den damals gehegten Erwartungen einer stabileren und kalkulierbareren Weltordnung war zu beobachten, wie sich das Verhältnis von Wirtschaft und Politik verkomplizierte und wie sich immer mehr gesellschaftliche Akteure in der internationalen Politik nachdrücklicher bemerkbar machten. Dass kurze Zeit später in einer scheinbar von einem Staat dominierten Weltordnung asymmetrische Kampfformen wieder verstärkt auf- griffen wurden, trug zur Gewalttätigkeit und Komplexität der sich nun ent- ckelnden internationalen und transnationalen Ordnung wesentlich bei. [Foreword When the East-West conflict came to an end, an intense debate flared up for a short time in which the abolition of intelligence services was demanded because they were no longer needed in the changed international environment. They had been important for providing information about the opponent during the decades of nuclear-led systemic competition, above all because the precarious nuclear balance made very special observation of the other side seem necessary. This constellation has been described many times in literature, when the agents of both sides co-operated to provide secure information for the governments of both superpowers and thus to secure international peace. Now, however, in a phase of dawning international cooperation that was even to be characterised by the end of history, the services were superfluous. Things turned out differently, and by no means surprisingly. After all, the end of the East-West conflict was by no means the end of politics and competition between states. And in stark contrast to the expectations of a more stable and predictable world order at the time, the relationship between business and politics became more complicated and more and more social actors made their presence felt in international politics. The fact that a short time later, in a world order seemingly dominated by one state, asymmetric forms of struggle were once again increasingly resorted to contributed significantly to the violence and complexity of the international and transnational order that was now emerging.]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3IG4UFIT,2009-06-11,"Thomas Jäger, Anna Daun",Springer,,2024-01-08T08:44:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6550,The British Intelligence Services,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_1,"Over the past two decades the UK’s security and intelligence agencies have emerged from the absolute blanket of secrecy in which they were shrouded during the Cold War and, albeit to varying degrees, have assumed a greater visibility. The Security Service (MI5), responsible for counter-terrorism and counter-intelligence work, has made the most significant moves in this direction. This is largely a consequence of its need to secure public trust, something which the legacy of its Cold War domestic role has made challenging. The roles of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS/MI6) – the foreign intelligence service – and the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) – the signals intelligence agency – remain much more opaque. Nevertheless, all three of these agencies have been subject to a form of oversight by parliamentarians since the mid-1990s which has served to shed greater light on their roles, requirements, abilities and limitations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4VWG9SFG,2009-06-11,Mark Phythian,VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften,,2024-01-08T08:43:52Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_1,"Geheimdienste in Europa: Transformation, Kooperation und Kontrolle",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2224715404,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2224715404,2017.0,2017.0,2009.0,,8.0 6551,The Spanish Intelligence Services,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_5,"Don Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas, one of the greatest writers of the Spanish Golden Age – and in my opinion one of the best love poets – was a spy in the service of the Spanish Empire. He accompanied Don Pedro Girón, Duke of Osuna and Viceroy of Naples, in 1613 as Secretary of State. In 1618, he moved to Venice to prepare a plot in which Pedro Toledo, governor of Milan, Marquis of Bedmar and then the ambassador of Spain in Venice, also participated. However, it is most likely that such a conspiracy has never really happened but was in fact a propaganda operation of the counterintelligence services of La Serenissima. Accused of taking part in the intrigue, Quevedo had to flee disguised as a beggar was able thanks to his perfect command of the Italian language. Of course, Spain’s power in the 17th Century was such that it made use of information services as well as agents of the category of Quevedo to conduct their major operations (Martínez 2005). But Spain was not in command of stable or organised services. After Osuna’s dismissal in 1620, Quevedo returned to Spain and in 1639 he was arrested by order of King Philip IV on charges of high treason for working as a spy for France.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KFAAVPPK,2009-06-11,Alejandro Pizarroso Quintero,VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften,,2024-01-08T08:43:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_5,"Geheimdienste in Europa: Transformation, Kooperation und Kontrolle",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W181414652,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W181414652,2014.0,2021.0,2009.0,,5.0 6552,The Italian Intelligence Services,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_4,"The situation of the Italian intelligence system today is characterised by a new political stability. The Italian elections of April 2008 have closed a long cycle of political turbulence, beginning in 1992 with the so-called revolution of clean hands investigations, which led to a profound institutional instability for many years. In 2008, elections have given, for the first time since 1992, a big parliamentary majority for a centre-right coalition, commanded by Silvio Berlusconi. Previously in 1994 a centre-right coalition had won a historical confrontation, but without achieving any sort of parliamentary majority, homogeneity, or stability. Of course, within the parliamentary coalition and within the country, there are many problems and there is a lot of resistance to Berlusconi’s leadership, but the number of parliamentary centre-right votes is so great that this coalition is reasonably expected to be in place for many years. This election was one of the most important in the history of Italian democracy, because it changed power relations and made clear who is in charge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N9NX3S2U,2009-06-11,Francesco Sidoti,VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften,,2024-01-08T08:42:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_4,"Geheimdienste in Europa: Transformation, Kooperation und Kontrolle",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2247138974,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2247138974,2013.0,2021.0,2009.0,,4.0 6553,The Polish Intelligence Services,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_6,"Intelligence is about information but also about security. This slightly simplified wording touches nevertheless upon the essential ingredients of any intelligence activity. As Lowenthal grasped this relationship in his well-known definition, “intelligence is the process by which specific types of information important to national security are requested, collected, analyzed, and provided to policymakers.” (Lowenthal 2005: 8). Even though numerous experts sought to put forward more comprehensive conceptual proposals, interdependence between information, security and policymaking seems to constitute the axis of analysis, interpretation and revision of the very meaning (in definitional as well as operative terms) of intelligence. This assumption is particularly important in undertaking a study of an Intelligence Community in a country like Poland where the concept of security, the perception and assessment of threats as well as the organisation and functioning of intelligence services is to a large extent different from the biggest EU member states and requires adoption of a very peculiar stance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8THHLK2Z,2009-06-11,Artur Gruszczak,VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften,,2024-01-08T08:39:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1007/978-3-531-91491-6_6,"Geheimdienste in Europa: Transformation, Kooperation und Kontrolle",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W78975496,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W78975496,2019.0,2023.0,2009.0,,10.0 6554,"The German Invasion of Norway, 1940: The Operational Intelligence Dimension",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0140239042000232792,"While many analyses of the 9 April 1940 invasion of Norway have looked at the successful interplay of German air, sea and land components, the part performed by intelligence has largely received only cursory attention. This article seeks to redress this, and investigates the pivotal role intelligence played in the planning, preparation, and carrying out of Weserübung. The study examines the dearth of relevant information in the early planning stage; the subsequent accumulation of military assessments of Norway's defensive capabilities; the process of denying London and Oslo intelligence regarding Berlin's intentions; the significance of Danish and Norwegian airfields to the operation; and the importance of maritime reconnaissance and wireless intercepts in monitoring the disposition of the Royal Navy. Although primarily concerned with German intelligence gathering and utilisation, British efforts, including the potential impact of Ultra, are also considered.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MTFURXAF,2004-03-01,Adam Claasen,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2024-01-07T22:04:18Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/0140239042000232792,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2035075292,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2035075292,2017.0,2019.0,2004.0,,13.0 6555,Canada and the Intelligence Revolution,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-13/canada-intelligence-revolution-wesley-wark,Canada and the Intelligence Revolution - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/II8SXQGY,2003-05-01,Wesley K. Wark,Routledge,,2024-01-07T22:03:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6556,The KGB and Germany: Some Thoughts by a Participant in the Events,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-12/kgb-germany-thoughts-participant-events-sergei-kondrachev,The KGB and Germany: Some Thoughts by a Participant in the Events - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B28ZCF7F,2003-05-01,Sergei A. Kondrachev,Routledge,,2024-01-07T22:02:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6557,The Early History of the Gehlen Organization and Its Influence on the Development of a National Security System in the Federal Republic of Germany,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-11/early-history-gehlen-organization-influence-development-national-security-system-federal-republic-germany-james-critchfield,The Early History of the Gehlen Organization and Its Influence on the Development of a National Security System in the Federal Republic of Germany - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R88NV4FF,2003-05-01,James H. Critchfield,Routledge,,2024-01-07T22:01:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6558,The CIA's Berlin Operations Base and the Summer of 1953,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-10/cia-berlin-operations-base-summer-1953-david-murphy,The CIA's Berlin Operations Base and the Summer of 1953 - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N6UPTYSI,2003-05-01,David E. Murphy,Routledge,,2024-01-07T22:00:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6559,US Intelligence and the GDR: The Early Years,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-9/us-intelligence-gdr-early-years-christian-ostermann,US Intelligence and the GDR: The Early Years - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XYFWKAYI,2003-05-01,Christian Ostermann,Routledge,,2024-01-07T21:59:37Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6560,'A New Apparatus is Established in the Eastern Zone' – The Foundation of the East German State Security Service,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-8/new-apparatus-established-eastern-zone-foundation-east-german-state-security-service-monika-tantzscher,'A New Apparatus is Established in the Eastern Zone' – The Foundation of the East German State Security Service - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9MB2ATUB,2003-05-01,Monika Tantzscher,Routledge,,2024-01-07T21:58:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6561,The WRINGER Project: German Ex-POWs as Intelligence Sources on the Soviet Union,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-6/wringer-project-german-ex-pows-intelligence-sources-soviet-union-horst-boog,The WRINGER Project: German Ex-POWs as Intelligence Sources on the Soviet Union - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GGF4WKVR,2003-05-01,Horst Boog,Routledge,,2024-01-07T21:57:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6562,The Role of Covert Operations in US Cold War Foreign Policy,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-5/role-covert-operations-us-cold-war-foreign-policy-mario-del-pero,The Role of Covert Operations in US Cold War Foreign Policy - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZVQM2US5,2003-05-01,Mario Del Pero,Routledge,,2024-01-07T21:56:43Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6563,Military and Civil Intelligence Services in Germany from World War I to the End of the Weimar Republic,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-1/military-civil-intelligence-services-germany-world-war-end-weimar-republic-ludwig-richter,Military and Civil Intelligence Services in Germany from World War I to the End of the Weimar Republic - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HV2LXISN,2003-05-01,Ludwig Richter,Routledge,,2024-01-07T21:55:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6564,"Ethnic Germans as an Instrument of German Intelligence Services in the USA, 1933–45",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203498859-3/ethnic-germans-instrument-german-intelligence-services-usa-1933%E2%80%9345-cornelia-wilhelm,"Ethnic Germans as an Instrument of German Intelligence Services in the USA, 1933–45 - 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z4BF38CA,2003-05-01,Cornelia Wilhelm,Routledge,,2024-01-07T21:53:49Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6565,Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203498859/secret-intelligence-twentieth-century-michael-wala-heike-bungert-jan-heitmann,"This work investigates the connection between intelligence history, domestic policy, military history and foreign relations in a time of increasing bureaucratization of the modern state. The issues of globalization of foreign relations and the development of modern communication are also discussed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GE4HXAU4,2003-05-01,"Heike Bungert, Jan G. Heitmann, Michael Wala",Routledge,,2024-01-07T21:52:46Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.4324/9780203498859,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2799204168,20.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2799204168,2015.0,2025.0,2003.0,,12.0 6566,Spying on Science: Western Intelligence in Divided Germany 1945-1961,Book,https://academic.oup.com/book/3061,"The years 1945-61 saw the greatest transformation in weaponry that has ever taken place, as atomic and thermonuclear bombs, intercontinental ballistic missiles and chemical and biological weapons were developed by the superpowers. It was also a distinct era in Western intelligence collection. These were the years of the Germans. Mass interrogation in West Germany and spying in East Germany represented the most important source of intelligence on Soviet war-related science, weapons development and military capability until 1956 and a key one until 1961. This intelligence fuelled the arms race and influenced Western scientific research, weapons development, and intelligence collection. Using intelligence and policy documents held in British and US archives and records of the Ministry of State Security (MfS) of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), this book studies the scientific intelligence-gathering and subversive operations of the British, US, and West German intelligence services in the period to date. East Germany's scientific potential was contained by inducing leading scientists and engineers to defect to the West, and the book shows that the US government's policy of ‘containment’ was more aggressive than has hitherto been accepted. It also demonstrates that the Western secret services' espionage in the GDR was very successful, even though the MfS and KGB achieved triumphs against them. George Blake twice did appalling damage to MI6's spy networks. The book reveals the identity of the most distinguished scientist to spy for the CIA as yet uncovered.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BFR9TJRP,2006-02-16,Paul Maddrell,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-07T21:51:19Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6567,Foreign Armies East and German Military Intelligence in Russia 1941-45,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948702200204,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AMFH8GTK,1987-04-01,David Thomas,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-07T21:49:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1177/002200948702200204,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965309780,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965309780,2013.0,2019.0,1987.0,,26.0 6568,The Rise of Intelligence Studies: A Model for Germany?,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/26326431,"Intelligence Studies have established themselves as a common subject in higher education in the Anglosphere. Germany so far offers no dedicated program in the field. A postgraduate program that promotes an understanding of the role and context of intelligence, strengthens analytical skills and deepens subject-matter expertise would combine the best features of various educational models, and provide a real contribution to building a cadre of highly qualified intelligence professionals. In this research report, the authors succinctly document the state of the discipline, present examples of some twelve degree programs, and, finally, develop initial proposals for an intelligence curriculum for German universities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZSTKJ2CN,2016,"Alessandro Scheffler Corvaja, Brigita Jeraj, Uwe M. Borghoff",Partnership for Peace Consortium of Defense Academies and Security Studies Institutes,Connections,2024-01-07T21:49:12Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6569,American Intelligence And The German Resistance: A Documentary History,Book,https://www.routledge.com/American-Intelligence-And-The-German-Resistance-A-Documentary-History/Heideking-Mauch/p/book/9780813336367,"Even paranoids have enemies. Hitler's most powerful foes were the Allied powers, but he also feared internal conspiracies bent on overthrowing his malevolent regime. In fact, there was a small but significant internal resistance to the Nazi regime, and it did receive help from the outside world. Through recently declassified intelligence documents, this book reveals for the first time the complete story of America's wartime knowledge about, encouragement of, and secret collaboration with the German resistance to Hitler?including the famous July 20th plot to assassinate the Fuehrer.The U.S. government's secret contacts with the anti-Nazi resistance were conducted by the OSS, the World War II predecessor to the CIA. Highly sensitive intelligence reports recently released by the CIA make it evident that the U.S. government had vast knowledge of what was going on inside the Third Reich. For example, a capitulation offer to the western Allies under consideration by Count von Moltke in 1943 was thoroughly discussed within the U.S. government. And Allen Dulles, who was later to become head of the CIA, was well informed about the legendary plot of July 20th. In fact, these secret reports from inside Germany provide a well-rounded picture of German society, revealing the pro- or anti-Nazi attitudes of different social groups (workers, churches, the military, etc.). The newly released documents also show that scholars in the OSS, many of them recruited from ivy-league universities, looked for anti-Nazi movements and leaders to help create a democratic Germany after the war.Such intelligence gathering was a major task of the OSS. However, OSS director ?Wild Bill? Donovan and others favored subversive operations, spreading disinformation, and issuing propaganda. Unorthodox and often dangerous schemes were developed, including bogus ?resistance newspapers,? anti-Nazi letters and postcards distributed through the German postal service, sabotage, and fake radio broadcasts from ?German generals? calling for uprisings against the regime.This is much more than a documentary collection. Explanatory footnotes supply a wealth of background information for the reader, and a comprehensive introduction puts the documents into their wider historical perspective. Arranged in chronological order, these intelligence reports provide a fascinating new perspective on the story of the German resistance to Hitler and reveal an intriguing and previously unexplored aspect of America's war with Hitler.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9BBBMMN9,1996,"Jurgen Heideking, Christoph Mauch",Routledge,,2024-01-07T21:47:38Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6570,"The Irish Interlude: German Intelligence in Ireland, 1939-1943",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/3093356,"The article concerns the attempt by two agencies of German intelligence (the Abwehr and the SD) to use neutral Ireland as a base for wartime espionage directed against Great Britain. Though eleven agents were dispatched during a four-year period, a host of home-grown problems in the German system all but insured failure, and a brilliantly effective Irish army counterintelligence system mathematically eliminated any chance of German success. Because of the intelligence debacle in Ireland, German operations directed against England-including Operation Sea Lion-were hopelessly compromised.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PCNHJ2PY,2002,Mark M. Hull,,The Journal of Military History,2024-01-07T21:46:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.2307/3093356,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2323034917,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2323034917,2017.0,2021.0,2002.0,,15.0 6571,"German–American Intelligence Relations, 1945–1956: New Evidence on the Origins of the BND",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2011.549727,"Under the 1998 Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) released a certain amount of documents relating to a German–American intelligence co-operation that began almost immediately after the German surrender of May 1945; it lasted until 1956 when the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) was founded, today's German foreign and military intelligence service. The Americans assembled, supervised, and largely financed what is often referred to as the “Gehlen organisation,” named after its leader, former Wehrmacht general, Reinhard Gehlen, who was chief of the BND until his retirement in 1968. Whilst the existence of this co-operation had been known since the 1940s, largely due to Soviet subversion and propaganda, very little reliable information and virtually no original source material was available before the release of this, somewhat redacted, material in 2002 and 2007. This article provides a sketch of how former Wehrmacht officers, and even a number with an ominous SS past, who might well have been war criminals, came to work, first for United States military intelligence and, from 1949, for the CIA. It looks at some of their operations during those turbulent post-war years, which include the Berlin airlift and German rearmament in response to the Korean War. The potential of those newly declassified documents, unfortunately, cannot be corroborated from other sources as long as German and Russian archives remain closed. Despite its manifold limitations, this material provides an exciting window into transatlantic intelligence history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4P5PL7PD,2011-03-15,Wolfgang Krieger,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2024-01-07T21:45:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/09592296.2011.549727,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085319594,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085319594,2012.0,2022.0,2011.0,,1.0 6572,"East German Foreign Intelligence: Myth, Reality and Controversy",Book,https://www.routledge.com/East-German-Foreign-Intelligence-Myth-Reality-and-Controversy/Macrakis-Friis-Muller-Enbergs/p/book/9780415664592,"This edited book examines the East German foreign intelligence service (Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung, or HVA) as a historical problem, covering politics, scientific-technical and military intelligence and counterintelligence. The contributors broaden the conventional view of East German foreign intelligence as driven by the inter-German conflict to include its targeting of the United States, northern European and Scandinavian countries, highlighting areas that",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YMFNYN2W,2010,"Kristie Mackaris, Thomas Wegener Friis, Helmut Müller-Enbergs",Routledge,,2024-01-07T19:49:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6573,"Failure of German Intelligence in the United States, 1935-1945",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/1898625,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7XUWWHLG,1955,Hans L. Trefousse,"[Organization of American Historians, Oxford University Press]",The Mississippi Valley Historical Review,2024-01-07T19:48:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.2307/1898625,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4206161050,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206161050,2019.0,2019.0,1955.0,,64.0 6574,Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810855434/Historical-Dictionary-of-German-Intelligence,"No country can rival the sheer diversity of intelligence organizations that Germany has experienced over the past 300 years. Given its pivotal geographical and political position in Europe, Germany was a magnet for foreign intelligence operatives, especially during the Cold War. As a result of this, it is no wonder that during certain periods of history Germany was probably busier spying on its own citizens than on its enemies. Because of the Gestapo and the SS of Nazi Germany to the Stasi of the German Democratic Republic, the fear of domestic abuse by security agencies with police powers runs far deeper in German society than elsewhere in the West. The Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence presents the turbulent history of German intelligence through a chronology, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on the agencies and agents, the operations and equipment, the tradecraft and jargon, and many of the countries involved. No military reference collection is complete without it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5WVDTR26,2009-09-01,Jefferson Adams,Rowman & Littlefield,,2024-01-07T19:47:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6575,War Premeditated? German Intelligence Operations in July 1914,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/central-european-history/article/abs/war-premeditated-german-intelligence-operations-in-july-1914/37778AB7EEF85549DD5C29CDEF9338BE,"Because of the politically sensitive and often quite unsavory aspects of their work, but also because they wish to protect their former agents, secret services usually do not like to say very much about their past activities and try to keep their records out of the hands of historians and other outsiders for as long as possible. The army intelligence service of Imperial Germany—officially known as the Geheime Nachrichtendienst des Heeres or, more simply, as the “N.D.”—was no exception to this rule. While the last chief of that organization, Walter Nicolai, and some of his former subordinates wrote a number of books and articles after 1918 in which they described the functions of the N.D. and some of its accomplishments, they remained studiously vague on many issues, particularly with regard to the espionage operations which had been conducted in the Entente countries in the years prior to the Great War. As might be expected, various other German publications on the background of the war which appeared in the 1920s and 1930s, including Die Grosse Politik der Europäischen Kabinette and other such editions of government documents, similarly maintained a discreet silence on this subject.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N6RIBB6T,1976-03-01,Ulrich Trumpener,Cambridge University Press,Central European History,2024-01-07T19:47:10Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1017/S0008938900018094,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2008240495,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2008240495,2014.0,2020.0,1976.0,,38.0 6576,The Stasi: The East German Intelligence and Security Service,Book,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15054-0,"The Stasi were among the most successful security and intelligence services in the Cold War. Behind the Berlin Wall, colleagues, friends, husbands and wives, informed on each other. Stasi chief, General Mielke, prided himself on this situation. Under Marcus Wolf, Stasi agents were spectacularly successful in gaining entry into the West German Establishment and NATO. Some remain undiscovered. Now, for the first time in English, two British experts reveal how the Stasi operated. Based on a wealth of sources, including interviews with former Stasi officers and their victims, the book tells a fascinating yet frightening story of unbridled power, misguided idealism, treachery, widespread opportunism and lonely courage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LBKESDM9,2016-07-27,"David Childs, Richard Popplewell",Palgrave Macmillan,,2024-01-07T19:45:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6577,German Intelligence History: A Field in Search of Scholars,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000302958,"German historians have so far shown little interest in the history of intelligence services and in the role the craft of intelligence played in national and international politics. The sole exception is found in the historical writings on East Germany between 1945 and 1990, where the Ministry for State Security - or Stasi - has become the subject of dozens of highly valuable studies. This neglect cannot be explained simply by pointing to the difficulties in getting access to relevant source materials. A more plausible explanation is found in the reluctance on the part of most German intellectuals to study the broader questions of war and peace in international politics. Military history has been marginalised in post-1945 German universities. The same is largely true of international security studies, defence studies, studies of insurgency, terrorism and various related subjects. Peace and conflict studies, a discipline established sometime in the 1970s, has mostly avoided both war or intelligence. The deeper reasons for this neglect lie both in Germany's psychological atmosphere and in academic politics. Spy novels and spy movies are as popular in Germany as anywhere but their heroes almost never are Germans. Even those German intelligence officers and spies who worked against Hitler and might therefore be regarded as heroes are barely known in present-day Germany. Those few scholars who are now trying to build up the field of intelligence studies get little help from their government or from private funders. While East Germany publicly revered communist spies like Richard Sorge and Klaus Fuchs, the West German Bundesnachrichtendienst did and does nothing to publicise its achievements.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6MQCUF8E,2004-06-01,Wolfgang Krieger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-07T19:44:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/0268452042000302958,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2055242368,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2055242368,2015.0,2022.0,2004.0,,11.0 6578,Intelligence and the state: An emerging ‘French school’ of intelligence studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520601046408,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K5JYIUTZ,2006-12-01,Peter Jackson,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-07T19:40:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/02684520601046408,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1984499559,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1984499559,2012.0,2021.0,2006.0,,6.0 6579,"Intelligence, Democratic Accountability, and the Media in France",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/17419166.2014.946018,"This article examines the relationship between the media, the government, and its intelligence apparatus in contemporary France. In a country characterized by a traditionally strong state, the relationship between intelligence and the media has often been tense. The recent affaire des fadettes—in which the Central Directorate for Domestic Intelligence tapped a journalist’s phone to trace the source of an unauthorized disclosure of government information—epitomizes the precarious position of the press in France. Following recent reforms, the French system of intelligence accountability would benefit from a more collaborative relationship between the institutions of government and the media.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S5RWH3K3,2014-07-03,Damien Van Puyvelde,Routledge,Democracy and Security,2024-01-07T19:31:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/17419166.2014.946018,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2075631242,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2075631242,2016.0,2024.0,2014.0,,2.0 6580,"Colonial states as intelligence states: Security policing and the limits of colonial rule in france's muslim territories, 1920–40 1",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390500441149,"At the heart of most colonial states lay a contradiction. On the one hand, colonial state institutions defined themselves in opposition to indigenous networks of power associated with the pre-colonial period, whether based on ethnicity, tribal kinship or religious affiliation. On the other hand, few colonial states had sufficient bureaucratic substance to operate separately of indigenous society. This paper suggests that a more catholic vision of the parameters and purpose of state intelligence gathering may aid our understanding of how colonial states endured. These intelligence activities were multifaceted. They were designed, on the one hand, to provide sufficient information about local social organization to enable government to function. On the other hand, intelligence gatherers were also intelligence disseminators. Those same agencies of the colonial state that amassed information about indigenous populations also sought to control the movement of knowledge within local society in order to mould popular opinion, or, at the very least, shape the views of influential elites. Only then could local authorities set about influencing these differing forums of opinion to European advantage. In this sense, the paper argues, colonial states were ‘intelligence states’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8WB5SL5C,2005-12-01,Martin Thomas,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2024-01-07T19:28:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/01402390500441149,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1969250511,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969250511,2012.0,2026.0,2005.0,,7.0 6581,"Strategic intelligence, Counter-intelligence and Alliance Diplomacy in Anglo-French relations before the Second World War",Journal article,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/mgzs.2006.65.2.417/html,"Article Strategic intelligence, Counter-intelligence and Alliance Diplomacy in Anglo-French relations before the Second World War was published on December 1, 2006 in the journal Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift (volume 65, issue 2).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FWUQTS2X,2006-12-01,"Peter Jackson, Joseph Maiolo",Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag,Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift,2024-01-07T19:27:19Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1524/mgzs.2006.65.2.417,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W409357240,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W409357240,2017.0,2023.0,2006.0,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/mgzs.2006.65.2.417/pdf,11.0 6582,Intelligence Studies in France,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2010.501694,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JET4KQTI,2010-08-31,"Eric Denécé, Gérald Arboit",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-07T19:26:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850607.2010.501694,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1994807764,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1994807764,2012.0,2024.0,2010.0,,2.0 6583,"Intelligence and the Transition to the Algerian Police State: Reassessing French Colonial Security after the Sétif Uprising, 1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.789637,"In May 1945, as France celebrated the end of the Second World War in Europe, its foremost overseas dependency, Algeria, erupted into rebellion. Revisiting the roles and responses of the colonial security forces to what came to be known as the Sétif uprising, this article suggests two things. One is that the intensity of repressive violence pursued becomes more explicable once we consider the part played by political intelligence gathering in the operation of French colonial government in Algeria. The other is that the decision to use the political intelligence amassed before, during, and after the rebellion to coerce the Algerian population at the rebellion's epicentre signified a fundamental shift in the nature of the French colonial state in Algeria. Intelligence-led security policing, much of it later adopted by police agencies in metropolitan France at the height of the Algerian War, became more repressive, less selective, and highly violent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KTLGB244,2013-06-01,Martin Thomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-07T19:26:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2013.789637,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2159762557,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2159762557,2014.0,2026.0,2013.0,,1.0 6584,The free French secret services: Intelligence and the politics of republican legitimacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520008432626,"The improvised nature of the French political and military entities established in London in 1940 makes the study of relations between the Free French military secret services and political leadership particularly delicate. After initially attempting to respect the traditional separation between military and political authority that had prevailed under the Third Republic, the role of the Free French secret services was progressively politicised by the exigencies of a clandestine war. Moreover, increasingly tense relations between certain leaders of the Resistance inside France and the leadership of the Gaullist secret services, along with preparations for the political reconstruction of France after the war, resulted in a war of successive decrees pertaining to the place of the intelligence services within the government hierarchy. The end result was that the secret services were placed under true direct civilian control. This marked a radical modification of the traditional system which had prevailed during the Third Republic. Free French leader Charles de Gaulle approved of this modification but never appeared to attach great importance to matters relating to the organisation and functioning of the intelligence services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N5353NK3,2000-12-01,Sébastien Laurent,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-07T19:25:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684520008432626,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2007409413,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2007409413,2018.0,2021.0,2000.0,https://oskar-bordeaux.fr/handle/20.500.12278/200200,18.0 6585,"Intelligence Requirements at the Crossroads: The 1948 French Plan de Renseignement, Intelligence Requirements and the Role of Intelligence History",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.969587,"Very often intelligence history concentrates on the knowledge produced by a country's intelligence service and its impact on national decision-making, or – in the case of intelligence failures – the lack thereof. Using a previously unexplored document from the archives of the French Foreign Ministry, this research note proposes another contribution of intelligence history to diplomatic history: By analysing national intelligence requirements – the ‘top secret diaries’ of governments – intelligence history can provide a window into the minds of decision-makers. The 1948 French plan de renseignement illustrates this case. Written shortly after the Cold War started in earnest in 1947, the plan de renseignement shows a French government deeply worried about the danger of global conflict and of internal upheaval in its empire, but also a government not fully committed to the western cause and particularly sceptical about American intentions. French foreign policy was at a crossroads in 1947/48 and, quite sensibly, French policy-makers wanted to know exactly what lay on all the possible roads ahead. While these findings do not contradict existing scholarship, they may help to encourage a re-weighing of existing arguments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FEC485LF,2015-09-03,Michael Seibold,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-07T19:24:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1080/02684527.2014.969587,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2060076753,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2060076753,2016.0,2026.0,2014.0,,2.0 6586,Intelligence Reform and the Snowden Paradox: The Case of France,Journal article,https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/821,Félix Tréguer,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BWAGDY3B,2017-03-22,Félix Tréguer,,Media and Communication,2024-01-07T19:21:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6587,"FRANCE IN BRITISH SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE, 1939–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/fh/14.1.41,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B3ZXAD4V,2000-03-01,Martin Thomas,,French History,2024-01-07T19:20:13Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1093/fh/14.1.41,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981063412,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981063412,2016.0,2021.0,2000.0,,16.0 6588,"French Military Intelligence, 1756-1763",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/1984407,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MEVG468K,1965,Lee Kennett,,Military Affairs,2024-01-07T19:19:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.2307/1984407,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2798254249,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2798254249,2019.0,2024.0,1965.0,,54.0 6589,ORGANIZED INTELLIGENCE: The Problem of the French General Staff,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/40981773,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P2SGCUAS,1941-05-01,Stefan Th. Possony,The New School,Social Research,2024-01-07T19:18:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6590,France and the Nazi Menace: Intelligence and Policy Making 1933-1939,Book,https://academic.oup.com/book/27568,"This book examines the French response to the challenge posed by National Socialist Germany in the years 1933–1939. It focuses on the relationship between the intelligence on German intentions and capabilities and the evolution of French national policy from the rise of Hitler in 1933 to the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. Based on extensive archival research, it considers the nature of the intelligence process and the place of intelligence within the French policy-making establishment during the inter-war period. The central argument in the book is that the German threat was far from the only challenge facing French national leaders in an era of economic depression and profound ideological discord. Only after the national humiliation at the Munich Conference did the threat from Nazi Germany take precedence over France's internal problems in the making of policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VCR9X99N,2000-10-26,Peter Jackson,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-07T19:17:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6591,A Debased Currency? Using Memoir Material in the Study of Anglo-French Intelligence Liaison,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.846727,"Using memoirs can be a vital way of supplementing archival evidence or indeed of overcoming a shortage of contemporaneous sources, and they offer insights into the attitudes and motivations of participants as well as how they recorded and remembered events. Memoirs retain an inherent value that must not be ignored, particularly in the study of intelligence liaison which addresses the kinds of personal and cultural aspects which are often especially well illuminated through autobiographical writing. This paper explores some of the theoretical and practical issues associated with the use of memoir material and examines them through the prism of selected autobiographical writings related to Anglo-French intelligence liaison from the Great War up to the Second World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2JMXD65,2014-09-03,Emily Jane Haire,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-07T19:16:27Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2013.846727,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074704716,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074704716,2016.0,2024.0,2013.0,,3.0 6592,Is there Something Wrong with Intelligence in France? The Birth of the Modern Secret State,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.789634,"The lack of academic interest in intelligence in France partly explains the prevalence of many preconceived ideas about French Intelligence. This article deals with the slow building of France's intelligence machinery in the nineteenth century, as part of a study of the modern French State. At this time, intelligence practices were transformed by the appearance of several intelligence bureaucracies. Studying three dimensions of the development – informal practices, formal organizations and statutory rules – the article demonstrates the closeness of intelligence to politics. Doing so it suggests that intelligence needs to be considered not only as an instrument of policy-making but as an actor at the centre of the modern French state, a part of its very essence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5L6M9BN2,2013-06-01,Sébastien Laurent,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-07T19:15:55Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2013.789634,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067657690,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067657690,2020.0,2021.0,2013.0,,7.0 6593,12. Ethical and Moral Issues in Intelligence Reform: The Philippines,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-015/html,12. Ethical and Moral Issues in Intelligence Reform: The Philippines was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 301.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JPLXA4L4,2009-04-20,Douglas J. Macdonald,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:14:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.7560/716605-015,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3214027696,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 6594,11. Terrorism’s Threat to New Democracies: The Case of Russia,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-014/html,11. Terrorism’s Threat to New Democracies: The Case of Russia was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 269.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M3TQWSHT,2009-04-20,Mikhail Tsypkin,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:14:06Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.7560/716605-014,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3212573856,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3212573856,2018.0,2018.0,2007.0,,11.0 6595,10. Transforming Intelligence in South Africa,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-013/html,10. Transforming Intelligence in South Africa was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 241.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CIIVVXMS,2009-04-20,Kenneth R. Dombroski,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:13:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.7560/716605-013,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3214704060,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3214704060,2013.0,2013.0,2007.0,,6.0 6596,9. Romania’s Transition to Democracy and the Role of the Press in Intelligence Reform,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-012/html,9. Romania’s Transition to Democracy and the Role of the Press in Intelligence Reform was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 219.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GNED7SVS,2009-04-20,Cristiana Matei,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:13:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.7560/716605-012,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3212869448,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3212869448,,,2007.0,, 6597,7. Taiwan’s Intelligence Reform in an Age of Democratization,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-010/html,7. Taiwan’s Intelligence Reform in an Age of Democratization was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 170.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HSXGKHFX,2009-04-20,Steven E. Phillips,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:12:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.7560/716605-010,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3213895925,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 6598,6. Structural Change and Democratic Control of Intelligence in Brazil,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-009/html,6. Structural Change and Democratic Control of Intelligence in Brazil was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 149.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ALNTWK5R,2009-04-20,Marco Cepik,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:11:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.7560/716605-009,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3214065206,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3214065206,2015.0,2021.0,2007.0,,8.0 6599,4. Keeping ‘‘Earthly Awkwardness’’: Failures of Intelligence in the United Kingdom,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-007/html,4. Keeping ‘‘Earthly Awkwardness’’: Failures of Intelligence in the United Kingdom was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 96.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JBLZZZ5Y,2009-04-20,Peter Gill,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:10:32Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.7560/716605-007,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3212124620,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 6600,3. U.S. Intelligence Prior to 9/11 and Obstacles to Reform,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-006/html,3. U.S. Intelligence Prior to 9/11 and Obstacles to Reform was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 73.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XJAHB2JY,2009-04-20,William J. Lahneman,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:09:58Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.7560/716605-006,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2804833612,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2804833612,,,2007.0,, 6601,2. Rethinking Judicial Oversight of Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-005/html,2. Rethinking Judicial Oversight of Intelligence was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 51.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TKUL7J26,2009-04-20,"Elizabeth Rindskopf Parker, Bryan Pate",University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:09:17Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.7560/716605-005,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3212353137,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3212353137,2023.0,2023.0,2007.0,,16.0 6602,5. Cultural Legacies of French Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-008/html,5. Cultural Legacies of French Intelligence was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 121.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z8S4XKG6,2009-04-20,Douglas Porch,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:06:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.7560/716605-008,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3211889041,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3211889041,2018.0,2021.0,2007.0,,11.0 6603,1. Executive Privilege: Intelligence Oversight in the United States,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605-004/html,1. Executive Privilege: Intelligence Oversight in the United States was published in Reforming Intelligence on page 27.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XMBHSZDT,2009-04-20,Steven C. Boraz,University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:08:27Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.7560/716605-004,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3211838233,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3211838233,,,2007.0,, 6604,Reforming Intelligence: Obstacles to Democratic Control and Effectiveness,Book,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7560/716605/html,"These days, it's rare to pick up a newspaper and not see a story related to intelligence. From the investigations of the 9/11 commission, to accusations of illegal wiretapping, to debates on whether it's acceptable to torture prisoners for information, intelligence—both accurate and not—is driving domestic and foreign policy. And yet, in part because of its inherently secretive nature, intelligence has received very little scholarly study. Into this void comes Reforming Intelligence , a timely collection of case studies written by intelligence experts, and sponsored by the Center for Civil-Military Relations (CCMR) at the Naval Postgraduate School, that collectively outline the best practices for intelligence services in the United States and other democratic states. Reforming Intelligence suggests that intelligence is best conceptualized as a subfield of civil-military relations, and is best compared through institutions. The authors examine intelligence practices in the United States, United Kingdom, and France, as well as such developing democracies as Brazil, Taiwan, Argentina, and Russia. While there is much more data related to established democracies, there are lessons to be learned from states that have created (or re-created) intelligence institutions in the contemporary political climate. In the end, reading about the successes of Brazil and Taiwan, the failures of Argentina and Russia, and the ongoing reforms in the United States yields a handful of hard truths. In the murky world of intelligence, that's an unqualified achievement.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AKE6VBSX,2009-04-20,"Thomas C. Bruneau, Steven C. Boraz",University of Texas Press,,2024-01-07T19:07:29Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.7560/716605,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4241131133,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4241131133,2015.0,2023.0,2007.0,,8.0 6605,"French Intelligence-Gathering in the Syrian Mandate, 1920-40",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284208,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IXRXKUIY,2002-01-01,Martin C. Thomas,"Taylor & Francis, Ltd.",Middle Eastern Studies,2024-01-07T19:06:02Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6606,FRENCH INTELLIGENCE AND HITLER'S RISE TO POWER,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/french-intelligence-and-hitlers-rise-to-power/AA323424BB9D2D4FA60C0C0CAFA22AFB,"This article examines the French response to the rise to power of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party in Germany in January of 1933. It argues that French intelligence warned civilian and military leaders that the priorities of the new regime were rearmament and the militarization of German society in preparation for a war of conquest. This essentially accurate appreciation of the situation inside Germany had little impact on the course of French foreign policy. At this juncture French society was preoccupied with worsening economic crisis and pacifist sentiment had reached its inter-war zenith. The national focus was inward and domestic concerns took priority over the external threat from Germany. Finally, France was in a position of relative isolation and could garner no support for a policy of firmness from its erstwhile allies, Great Britain and the United States. This combination of national introspection and diplomatic isolation deterred a succession of governments from taking determined steps to meet the Nazi challenge in 1933.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U4QXF2DL,1998-09-01,Peter Jackson,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2024-01-07T19:05:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1017/S0018246X98008000,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091098149,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091098149,2013.0,2017.0,1998.0,,15.0 6607,French Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.afio.com/publications/HAYEZ%20de%20MAULMIN%20Guide%20to%20French%20Intel%202015%20Sep%2001%20FINAL.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MP8KH58T,2015-03-01,"Philippe Hayez, Hedwige Regnault de Maulmin",,Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies,2024-01-07T19:03:23Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6608,THE ROLE OF MILITARY HISTORY IN THE ITALIAN MILITARY INTELLIGENCE,Thesis,https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/trecms/pdf/AD1210978.pdf,"This thesis aims to explain the reason and the historical framework that led to the diminishment of the importance of the military history in the Italian military intelligence. Although the entire military community agrees that military history is a fundamental component for analyzing the environment and better addressing future challenges, too often in Western military organizations this hardly finds a place in military intelligence. In particular, in Italy, the study of war events starting from 1925 (the date of establishment of Joint Italian military intelligence) has seen less and less space until it became marginal. To understand the reason for this decline, it is necessary to analyze the historical, political, and cultural roots of this choice made by the ruling class between 1925 and today. The thesis will demostrate that studying history and contextualizing past events in the present is essential to face future challenges better. Therefore, to fully understand the operating environment, it would be appropriate to restore the importance of military history within the intelligence branch and in all military contexts at all levels. It would be appropriate to give more space in the training program of the intelligence operators, importance during the planning process, and relevance during the intelligence cycle.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RZPHFVH6,2022-10-06,Gaetano Robustelli,,,2024-01-07T18:42:34Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Master's Thesis,U.S. Army Command and General Staff College,,,,,,,,, 6609,Intelligence agencies and the State secret privilege: the Italian experience,Journal article,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/icl-2010-0308/html,"Article Intelligence agencies and the State secret privilege: the Italian experience was published on September 1, 2010 in the journal ICL Journal (volume 4, issue 3).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YX76DPRX,2010-09-01,"Tommaso F. Giupponi, Federico Fabbrini",De Gruyter,ICL Journal,2024-01-07T18:41:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1515/icl-2010-0308,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W102083272,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W102083272,2017.0,2021.0,2010.0,https://hdl.handle.net/1814/20477,7.0 6610,"French Military Intelligence and the Franco-Italian Alliance, 1933–1939",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/french-military-intelligence-and-the-francoitalian-alliance-19331939/7313903C1AC5610A2FB9CD7177F06B86,"‘Watersheds’ and ‘turning points’ are two standard literary devices for addressing the question of direction in history. Once that direction is determined, one is able to survey the roads not taken, sorting out the possible and the probable from the unavoidable. This paper forswears the vocabulary of turning points, but it owes something to the idea such language expresses. Put cryptically, our discussions of the origins of the Second World War could afford to pay closer attention to Franco-Italian relations in the 1930s. Next to the Manchurian, Rhenish, Spanish, Austrian, Czech and Polish crises of that decade, the crisis within the ephemeral alliance between Paris and Rome has been given short shrift. Even within the context of the Ethiopian crisis there is a tendency to measure the implications against Anglo-French, Anglo-Italian and Italo-German relations. The net effect is to downplay the importance of relations between France and Italy. And from that, to choose but one example, comes an exaggerated sense of the ease with which the French fell into line with British policy in the Mediterranean, and with which the Italians subsequently received German overtures respecting Austria and Central Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6HR8KDIW,1985-03-01,Robert J. Young,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2024-01-07T18:40:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1017/S0018246X00002259,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2128725749,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2128725749,2016.0,2025.0,1985.0,,31.0 6611,"Intelligence and peacekeeping: The UN operation in the Congo, 1960–64",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13533319508413535,"Effective peacekeeping requires the proactive acquisition and prudent analysis of information about conditions within the mission area. This is especially true if the operation is conducted in a hazardous and unpredictable environment and the lives of peacekeepers are threatened, as was the case with the UN operation in the Congo (ONUC). A Military Information Branch (MIB) was established as part of ONUC to enhance the security of UN personnel, to support specific operations, to warn of outbreaks of conflict and to estimate outside interference (for example, the importation of armaments). The MIB employed signals intelligence using a wireless message interception system, photographic intelligence using airplanes equipped for the purpose, and human intelligence from lawful interrogations of prisoners and informants. A detailed description of the activities of the MIB is provided here for the first time, using newly uncovered archival files. The study points to some of the difficulties and benefits of developing dedicated intelligence‐gathering bodies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4XS575P5,1995-03-01,"A. Walter Dorn, David J.H. Bell",Routledge,International Peacekeeping,2024-01-07T18:28:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/13533319508413535,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2064266391,65.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2064266391,2013.0,2025.0,1995.0,,18.0 6612,Intelligence governance in post-Cold War Germany: A steady beat of constant trouble?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351188791-11/intelligence-governance-post-cold-war-germany-thorsten-wetzling,"This chapter provides an overview of some key developments and trends in German intelligence governance and oversight. It focuses primarily on the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), Germany's foreign intelligence service. Unified Germany made good progress towards its consolidation by the end of the 1990s. The steady power shift from Bonn to Berlin coincided with a growing awareness and then later more confidence that Germany needed to engage more actively in European and global security politics. The activity of the intelligence services in the last decade of the twentieth century was mainly shaped by two factors: the resurgent (re-)emerging threat of international terrorism and advances in digitalisation. German policy makers seemed less inhibited about bringing German intelligence into the twenty-first century and embracing the enormous potential of digitalisation and big-data analysis. The terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels caused anxiety and stirred a lively public discussion on how to best ensure national security in Germany.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8TRLHE65,2018-08-24,Thorsten Wetzling,Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:27:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6613,Canada’s security and intelligence community after 9/11: Key challenges and conundrums,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351188791-10/canada-security-intelligence-community-9-11-craig-forcese,"This chapter explores how the pattern has affected and complicated Canada's response to the post-9/11 security environment. It describes Canada's security environment, and especially its focus on terrorism. The chapter examines the mandate and functions of its chief security and intelligence agencies, noting the degree to which operational realities have outstripped the legal framework in which these bodies operate, much of which is decades old. It explores several of the specific reform challenges Canada faces. The chapter proposes that Canada may be embarking on another of its periodic security and intelligence re-thinks. It examines whether the revision will fully correct all the lacunae in Canada's approach to security and intelligence and their oversight. The chapter also explores Canadian practice and provides the term oversight to describe advance authorization, coordination and control of security and intelligence services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UI2GW677,2018-08-24,Craig Forcese,Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:26:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6614,Intelligence and oversight: A view of the US system,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351188791-9/intelligence-oversight-genevieve-lester-jeffrey-rogg,"This chapter describes the development of intelligence and intelligence oversight mechanisms within the tension. It demonstrates how intelligence has changed in response to the threat, and how oversight mechanisms have reacted to that relationship. Intelligence and oversight in the United States have suffered from two problematic constraints, structure and ideology. Structural provisions governing the oversight of intelligence are relatively recent creations in the US system of government. Covert action was pivotal to the development of intelligence oversight. Terrorism elides the US division between foreign and domestic intelligence that has plagued the structural composition of the national security enterprise. The Cold War was the formative period for the US national security state. When Congress passed the 1947 National Security Act, military and intelligence institutions were shaped to confront the Soviet Union. The chapter concludes by taking the counterfactual that American liberal traditions are changing.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/96QS7RZK,2018-08-24,"Lester Genevieve, Jeff Rogg",Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:25:02Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6615,The intensification of French intelligence and its oversight under the impact of counter-terrorism,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351188791-8/intensification-french-intelligence-oversight-impact-counter-terrorism-bertrand-warusfel,"The roles and the different mandates of the various French intelligence services were fixed in 1945 and remained unchanged until the end of the Cold War. The fundamental reform of the French intelligence community demonstrates fairly clearly the way that France currently recognises the international and security issues at stake and the very important role it attaches to the fight against terrorism. The strengthening of Homeland intelligence under the impact of counter-terrorism is completely understandable since terrorism is both a strategic threat and a particular form of crime. The strong involvement of all the services in counter-terrorism, the large-scale use of technical collection methods and the new legal framework have had a significant impact. The pre-eminence given to the fight against terrorism and to homeland intelligence has the potential to divert the French intelligence services from certain other important missions in a highly volatile international context.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2IIHZT97,2018-08-24,Bertrand Warusfel,Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:24:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W', 'TLFN4NAL']",,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6616,Reappraising intelligence oversight in the UK,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351188791-6/reappraising-intelligence-oversight-uk-ian-leigh,"This chapter describes the implications of the changes for oversight of the intelligence and security agencies, focusing on the origins and evolution of the UK oversight structure. The period from the end of the Cold War to the present day has been one of dramatic transformation for intelligence oversight in the UK, during which the agencies have emerged from the shadows of secrecy and democratic oversight has become well-established. The introduction of a statutory oversight framework for the agencies in the UK took place during what was in retrospect a short golden interval between the ending of the Cold War and the attacks of 9/11. The Snowden revelations have had a significant impact in the UK, since a number of them concern the work of Government Communications Headquarters and its collaboration with the National Security Agency in bulk collection of communication data.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KBE28RCX,2018-08-24,Ian Leigh,Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:23:11Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6617,The Romanian experience of intelligence oversight,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351188791-5/romanian-experience-intelligence-oversight-teodora-fuior,"This chapter explores how Romanian intelligence services have transformed after the fall of communism, and how the conflicting imperatives of democratization and the need to respond to new security threats have shaped their organizational culture and place in society. The starting point in the reform of the Romanian intelligence system was a communist totalitarian society unspoiled by any attempt at political or economic liberalization. Several steps were taken in the early 1990s to establish a clear framework for objective civilian control of intelligence, with parliament, the government and the president sharing the legitimacy and responsibility for intelligence oversight. The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and the subsequent 'war against terrorism' have marked the beginning of a second wave in Romanian intelligence reforms. Romania's support for North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and US-led coalitions deployed to fight terrorism has fostered military intelligence reform. The most important security laws in Romania were written before the emergence of the internet.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WDGPZKX8,2018-08-24,Teodora Fuior,Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:22:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6618,Is effective oversight possible?: The rising influence of Norway’s intelligence service,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351188791-4/effective-oversight-possible-tormod-heier,"This chapter describes Norway's post-Cold War security environment. It also describes the work and propriety of the Norwegian Intelligence Service (NIS), a service that for years traditionally has focused on signal intelligence in the High North. The chapter discusses the impact on effective oversight. The 'Snowden disclosures' have nevertheless enhanced the NIS' broader awareness of societal legitimacy, and thereby underscored the Committee's reliance on informal trust and confidence as a means to instil a stronger sense of accountability. Since the end of the Cold War, therefore, the NIS has undergone a fundamental transformation. The EOS Committee experienced the 'Snowden disclosures' in much the same way as the NIS: as a 'fundamental watershed' in the history of intelligence, surveillance and oversight. Finally, with reference to the 2013 'Snowden disclosures', the broader societal implications on the relationship between the NIS and the EOS Committee are explored.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ND2MKLPT,2018-08-24,Tormod Heier,Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:21:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6619,Contemporary and future challenges to effective intelligence oversight,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351188791-3/contemporary-future-challenges-effective-intelligence-oversight-njord-wegge-thorsten-wetzling?,"This chapter provides some of the most important existing legal principles pertaining to intelligence work and oversight. It addresses how many of these principles have been discussed in key academic and policy-oriented contributions in the field. The chapter demonstrates how the body of intelligence oversight literature has been expanded both in thematic scope and focus. It illustrates that good principles and elaborated standards have often fallen short of actually being adopted in practice. The establishment of legitimate and effective intelligence oversight mechanisms is a demanding task for any democracy. Secrecy is a necessary prerequisite for many aspects of intelligence governance, including oversight. The most obvious tool to improve oversight bodies' ability to conduct their job is to give them full access to the intelligence services' digital and analogue systems, records, installations and other properties. The chapter concludes by identifying possibilities of solutions for better oversight in the future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7KEPSRY5,2018-08-24,"Njord Wegge, Thorsten Wetzling",Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:20:12Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6620,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century: Accountability in a Changing World,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781351188791/intelligence-oversight-twenty-first-century-ian-leigh-njord-wegge,"This book examines how key developments in international relations in recent years have affected intelligence agencies and their oversight. Since the turn of the millennium, intelligence agencies have been operating in a tense and rapidly changing security environment. This book addresses the impact of three factors on intelligence oversight: the growth of more complex terror threats, such as those caused by the rise of Islamic State; the colder East-West climate following Russia’s intervention in Ukraine and annexation of Crimea; and new challenges relating to the large-scale intelligence collection and intrusive surveillance practices revealed by Edward Snowden. This volume evaluates the impact these factors have had on security and intelligence services in a range of countries, together with the challenges that they present for intelligence oversight bodies to adapt in response. With chapters surveying developments in Norway, Romania, the UK, Belgium, France, the USA, Canada and Germany, the coverage is varied, wide and up-to-date. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, security studies and International Relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FQRRUT4C,2018-08-24,"Ian Leigh, Njord Wegge",Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:17:31Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.4324/9781351188791,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2999312694,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2999312694,2020.0,2025.0,2018.0,,2.0 6621,The rule of law and 25 years of intelligence oversight in an ever-changing world: The Belgian case,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781351188791-7/rule-law-25-years-intelligence-oversight-ever-changing-world-wauter-van-laethem,"This chapter examines the issue from the perspective of a Belgian overseer. The importance of 'big data' in relation to intelligence became apparent years ago after the Echelon programme was revealed and after the Snowden revelations. The Committee is a permanent, independent body currently composed of 12 staff members, initially only responsible for reviewing the activities and functioning of the two Belgian intelligence services. Both before and after the 9/11 attacks, the Belgian intelligence services made different proposals to obtain more powers and more resources. The Belgian intelligence agencies only have had the legal power since 2010 to use intrusive intelligence methods: tapping, acquisition of telecommunications metadata, observations in houses or other private places, opening of post mail, hacking of IT-systems, requesting financial data. 'The ongoing evolution of the technological, budgetary and legal resources available to police and intelligence services must be accompanied by the improvement of the control of these services'.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IEK49EXY,2018-08-24,Wauter van Laethem,Routledge,,2024-01-07T18:16:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",,Intelligence Oversight in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6622,Dutch Intelligence and Security Services,Journal article,https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/420494/Braat_2016_AFIO_Dutch_Intelligence_FINAL.pdf?sequence=1,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4LV59LGI,2015-03-01,Eleni Braat,,Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies,2024-01-07T18:13:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6623,BISC 12: German Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence in Belgium during the 20th Century,Book,https://gompel-svacina.eu/product/bisc-12/,De cahiers van het ‘Belgian Intelligence Studies Center’ of BISC zijn het resultaat van de inzet van een aantal praktijkmensen en academici die een wetenschappelijke belangstelling aan de dag leggen voor het ruime domein van de inlichtingenstudies. De boeken brengen inzicht in het reilen en zeilen van de inlichtingen- en veiligheidsdiensten.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EEN22GBT,2012,"Marc Cools, Emmanuel Debruyne, Mathias Desmet, Pieter Leloup, Robin Libert, Robin Liefferinckx, Markus Pöhlmann, Guy Rapaille, Seron Vincent, Kathleen Van Acker",Gompel & Svacina,,2024-01-07T17:37:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6624,Intelligence Services in Belgium,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520802295499,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7J8YDX4,2008-08-01,Herman Matthijs,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-07T17:30:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684520802295499,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077568419,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077568419,2017.0,2023.0,2008.0,,9.0 6625,Intelligence and Security in the Netherlands and Belgium: A Historical Comparison,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03096564.2022.2033934,"This study compares the defence and national security of Belgium and the Netherlands. It shows a remarkable amount of parallel evolutions and events that shaped the securitization of the Netherlands and Belgium. Both countries faced many common security and defence challenges, which they dealt with in their own way but still at times very similar. Such comparison offers insight into how the proximity and similar development of the Low Countries provided a relatively common set of security contingencies and activities, and the differing or similar attitudes and responses both countries adopted towards common security problems. The internationally precarious situation of the two small countries caught in the middle between France and Germany exposed them to a similar threat. Their strategic location in Europe was also responsible for similar challenges in the domestic security environment, such as the threat of socialist agitation and later terrorism. These factors have influenced their international outlook as well as their legal and organizational approaches towards intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LKB5Q6UA,2022-05-04,Kenneth Lasoen,Routledge,Dutch Crossing,2024-01-07T17:30:26Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/03096564.2022.2033934,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4206942080,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 6626,The history of the Belgian military intelligence and security service,Conference paper,http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-6979859,"De Militaire Veiligheid viert haar honderdste verjaardag. Het jubileum van deze organisatie, de voorloper van de huidige Algemene Dienst Inlichtingen en Veiligheid (ADIV), is de aanleiding geweest voor een tentoonstelling en deze bijzondere publicatie: het allereerste boek dat ooit aan deze organisatie gewijd is. Samen geven ze een unieke kijk op de mijlpalen in haar bestaan. Opdrachten, werking en bronnen worden toegelicht evenals de uitdagingen waarmee zij vandaag geconfronteerd wordt in een toenemend mondiale samenleving. Niet alleen de knowhow van de dienst wordt ontsloten, en de resultaten die zijn heeft geboekt. Maar ook de analyse van bepaalde vergissingen uit het verleden wordt niet uit de weg gegaan. Tot slot worden sommige hardnekkige mythes over inlichtingen en spionage uit de wereld geholpen. Dit boek en de tentoonstelling “Classified” nodigen uit om na te denken over de ethische vragen die deel uitmaken van een per definitie discrete organisatie.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/436EIPDJ,2015,"Marc Cools, Patrick Leroy, Robin Libert, Veerle Pashley, David Stans, Eddy Testelmans, Kathleen Van Acker",Maklu,,2024-01-07T17:29:58Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6627,Plan B(ruxellles): Belgian Intelligence and the Terrorist Attacks of 2015-16,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2018.1464445,"This essay uses the official reports as well as sources from the intelligence services to provide a clearer picture of the working circumstances of the Belgian intelligence and security services and the pressure they were under to deal with the challenges posed by violent radicalisation and terrorist plots since the emergence of the foreign fighters phenomenon. It will be shown how mounting pressure from the rapidly expanding threat exacerbated the gradual exhaustion of the security services by structural issues of unaddressed organisational difficulties, and budget restrictions faced with increasing workloads. Due to the high number of foreign fighters, belated initiatives taken to assess the threat were impeded by barriers to information exchange, unclear guidance, and data overload. The failure of Belgian intelligence to detect the attack plans was more a symptom of policy failure than the underachievement of the services. A concluding section will reflect upon the inadequacy and lateness of policy responses because of a Belgian tendency to understate security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZHFXPBEH,2020-08-17,Kenneth L. Lasoen,Routledge,Terrorism and Political Violence,2024-01-07T17:29:04Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/09546553.2018.1464445,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2800392619,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2800392619,2020.0,2026.0,2018.0,,2.0 6628,For Belgian Eyes Only: Intelligence Cooperation in Belgium,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1297110,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T5Y76CS7,2017-07-03,Kenneth L. Lasoen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-07T17:28:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1297110,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2613007106,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2613007106,2017.0,2023.0,2017.0,,0.0 6629,Belgian Intelligence SIGINT Operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2018.1488501,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G45PVAZ3,2019-01-02,Kenneth L. Lasoen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-07T17:27:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/08850607.2018.1488501,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2776530301,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2776530301,2021.0,2023.0,2019.0,,2.0 6630,“The Belgians Just Aren’t up to It”: Belgian Intelligence and Contemporary Terrorism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1230699,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SH5JZTQJ,2017-01-02,Stéphane Lefebvre,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-07T17:27:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2016.1230699,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2548926926,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2548926926,2019.0,2024.0,2016.0,,3.0 6631,Spies at the Crossroads: Observing Change in the Dutch Intelligence Service,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230592360_3,"Like many of its Western counterparts, the Dutch intelligence service (Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst, BVD) came into existence as an outgrowth of the Second World War, and found its main task and rationale in the Cold War struggles against communism. For decades it pursued that mission with dogged determination, engaging in counterespionage against its Eastern European and Chinese counterparts, as well as monitoring and neutralising the activities of the Dutch communist parties and what it saw as other centres of left-wing radicalism. During this time it also expanded its activities to encompass, among others, the spread of weapons of mass destruction, economic counter-espionage, and counter-terrorism (Engelen, 1995).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8DTLJ4EG,2007,Paul ’t Hart,Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2024-01-07T17:23:02Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1057/9780230592360_3,Observing Government Elites: Up Close and Personal,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2206570166,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2206570166,2016.0,2021.0,2007.0,,9.0 6632,Loyalty and Secret Intelligence: Anglo‒Dutch Cooperation during World War II,Journal article,https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/1556,"Secrecy and informal organisation produce, sustain, and reinforce feelings of loyalty within intelligence and security services. This article demonstrates that loyalty is needed for cooperation between intelligence partners as well as within and between services. Under many circumstances, loyalty plays a larger role in the level of internal and external collaboration than formal work processes along hierarchical lines. These findings are empirically based on the case study of Anglo‒Dutch intelligence cooperation during World War II. By demonstrating that ‘loyalty’ critically affects the work of intelligence communities, this article contributes to current and future research that integrates history, intelligence studies, and research on emotions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NYP3SWU4,2018/12/28,Eleni Braat,,Politics and Governance,2024-01-07T14:10:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.17645/pag.v6i4.1556,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2907776145,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2907776145,2018.0,2021.0,2018.0,https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/download/1556/1556,0.0 6633,Hot Intelligence in the Tropics: Dutch Intelligence Operations in the Netherlands East Indies during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/002200948702200402,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YDQTMYC2,1987-10-01,Bob de Graaff,SAGE Publications Ltd,Journal of Contemporary History,2024-01-07T14:09:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1177/002200948702200402,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W219175989,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W219175989,2019.0,2022.0,1987.0,,32.0 6634,Dutch intelligence - towards a qualitative framework for analysis: with case tudies on the Shipping Research Bureau and the National Security Service (BVD),Thesis,,"Wat is de kwaliteit van inlichtingen- en veiligheidsrapporten waarmee politici, bedrijven en non-gouvernementele organisaties werken? Deze vraag is in hoge mate onbeantwoord. Voor een belangrijk deel wordt dat veroorzaakt omdat inlichtingenstudies een nieuwe discipline is. De aanslagen op de Twin Towers en het Pentagon op 11 september 2001, de Amerikaanse en Britse rapporten over vermeende massavernietigingswapens in Irak, en de politiek en religieus geïnspireerde moorden in Nederland hebben geleid tot hernieuwde aandacht voor het inlichtingenwerk. Het inlichtingenwerk zal een meer centrale plaats innemen in de discussie over veiligheidszaken. Tegelijkertijd is het taxeren van de kwaliteit van inlichtingen- en veiligheids-rapporten grotendeels een blinde vlek. Voor professionalisering – en daarmee verhoging – van de kwaliteit van rapporten is er een grote behoefte aan de mogelijkheid de kwaliteit ervan te kunnen taxeren. De gedachte is om een ex ante instrument te ontwikkelen om de kwaliteit te kunnen schatten van inlichtingen- en veiligheidsrapporten. Het verdient de voorkeur een test te ontwikkelen waarbij men de kwaliteit kan taxeren zonder dat men hoeft af te wachten of het bewuste rapport juist bleek te zijn. Dit is effectiever en wenselijker dan de huidige praktijk van zogeheten post mortem analyses, waarin achteraf terug wordt gekeken naar het rapport in kwestie. Rapporten worden bij een post mortem analyse meestal slechts bekeken vanuit de optiek of een waarschuwing had moeten worden gegeven. Zo een analyse leidt veelal tot vertekeningen omdat je de uitkomst al weet. Tevens blijft daarbij ook de onderliggende vraag onbeantwoord aan welke criteria kwalitatief hoogwaardige inlichtingen dienen te voldoen. Het ontwikkelen van een ex ante instrument kan in deze leemte voorzien. Voor het toepassen van een ex ante instrument is het van belang zorg te dragen dat de evaluaties die zijn gebaseerd op dit ex ante instrument ook daad-werkelijk zinvol zijn. Daarvoor worden twee soorten literatuur onderzocht – literatuur over methodologie en literatuur van praktijkmensen vanuit het inlich-tingenwerk. Tot slot dient er aandacht te worden besteed aan factoren die bijdragen tot een hoge of lage kwaliteit van een rapport.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VRPG6LUW,2005,Guillaume Gustav de Valk,,,2024-01-07T14:08:06Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Groningen,,,,,,,,, 6635,"The CIA's Own Effort to Understand and Document Its Past: A Brief History of the CIA History Program, 1950–1995",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036816-11/cia-effort-understand-document-past-gerald-haines,"The CIA's Own Effort to Understand and Document Its Past - 1 - A Brief History of the CIA History Program, 1950–1995",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5CQ7XNZQ,1997-09-12,Gerald Haines,Routledge,,2024-01-07T14:05:10Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'KGU8VLSW', 'TDUVX2TF']",,Eternal Vigilance?,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6636,The CIA and The Question of Accountability,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036816-10/cia-question-accountability-loch-johnson,The CIA and The Question of Accountability - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K55RWACK,1997-09-12,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,,2024-01-07T14:04:20Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Eternal Vigilance?,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6637,American Economic Intelligence: Past Practice and Future Principles,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036816-9/american-economic-intelligence-philip-zelikow,American Economic Intelligence - 1 - Past Practice and Future Principles,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3T8F2PUF,1997-09-12,Philip Zelikow,Routledge,,2024-01-07T14:03:30Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Eternal Vigilance?,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6638,Agents of Subversion: The Fate of John T. Downey and the CIA's Covert War in China,Book,https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501765971/agents-of-subversion/,"Agents of Subversion reconstructs the remarkable story of a botched mission into Manchuria, showing how it fit into a wider CIA campaign against Communist China and highlighting the intensity—and...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QJPQY3WM,2022-10-15,John Delury,Cornell University Press,,2023-04-26T22:39:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6639,Second World War interrogations and British foreign intelligence: The case of ELGAR,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315882154-4/second-world-war-interrogations-british-foreign-intelligence-christian-bjoern-bak,"The British Secret Intelligence Service's (SIS) wartime activities are purposefully fraught with difficulty to accurately record or trace. Existing scholarship based on interrogation reports has thus far followed two prevailing trends, while secondly being characterized by an overwhelming concentration on what the British learned about the Germans from the interrogation of captured German spies. On the basis of Andreasen's information, the German SD succeeded in drawing up a comprehensive report on the activities of the British Secret Intelligence Service in Europe. Aage Andreasen's interrogation report lamentably contains no specific references to the methods used by his German interrogators. The first official record of Aage Andreasen's involvement with British intelligence activities in the archives is dated 23 February 1943, and details the extent to which interdepartmental rivalries marred the security of British intelligence operations abroad. Andreasen explained that the Swedish Security Services were keeping track of Hampton and that he was unable to meet with his sources in restaurants.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NTPAPMBA,2014,Christian Bjoern Bak,Routledge,,2023-03-23T13:05:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,Interrogation in War and Conflict,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6640,"The British Army, violence, interrogation and shortcomings in intelligence gathering during the Cyprus Emergency, 1955–59",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315882154-9/british-army-violence-interrogation-shortcomings-intelligence-gathering-cyprus-emergency-1955%E2%80%9359-charlie-standley,"This chapter discusses the colonial records, including those recently released from the Foreign Office's secret archive at Hanslope Park, as well as the historiography of British counter-insurgency, which has been reinvigorated as a result, to examine the consequences of fighting such a campaign virtually blind. The British Army's campaign against EOKA during the Cyprus Emergency was hamstrung by a dearth of intelligence from within the ethnic Greek population, which formed the insurgent's ranks. The extent of British brutality has hitherto been obscured by a smokescreen of pro-enosis propaganda and government counter-claims, making it difficult for the historian to distinguish fact from fantasy. Documents from Hanslope Park, recently released to the National Archives at Kew, have shed some light on the use of force in British intelligence gathering and interrogation practices. It would be over-simplistic to conclude that British torture was only employed when other avenues of intelligence gathering had been blocked.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/65HXSA5H,07 May 2014,Charlie Standley,Routledge,,2023-01-12T00:35:50Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315882154-9,Interrogation in War and Conflict,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6641,National Intelligence and the Iranian Revolution,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036816-8/national-intelligence-iranian-revolution-michael-donovan,National Intelligence and the Iranian Revolution - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M85Y754B,1997-09-12,Michael Donovan,Routledge,,2024-01-07T14:01:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Eternal Vigilance?,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6642,"The CIA and the Soviet Threat: The Politicization of Estimates, 1966–1977",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036816-7/cia-soviet-threat-lawrence-freedman,"The CIA and the Soviet Threat - 1 - The Politicization of Estimates, 1966–1977",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WMHAALLX,1997-09-12,Lawrence Freedman,Routledge,,2024-01-07T13:59:10Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'CZT6L9T7']",,Eternal Vigilance?,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6643,The Wizards of Langley: The CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036816-5/wizards-langley-jeffrey-richelson,The Wizards of Langley - 1 - The CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N5978RNQ,1997-09-12,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,,2024-01-07T13:58:03Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Eternal Vigilance?,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6644,The American Road to Central Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036816-1/american-road-central-intelligence-bradley-smith,The American Road to Central Intelligence - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WV3FK9S3,1997-09-12,Bradley F. Smith,Routledge,,2024-01-07T13:57:16Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Eternal Vigilance?,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6645,Eternal Vigilance?: 50 years of the CIA,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315036816/eternal-vigilance-christopher-andrew-rhodri-jeffreys-jones?refId=4b26fc96-f261-4717-9949-294faba35f16&context=ubx,"Eternal Vigilance? seeks to offer reinterpretations of some of the major established themes in CIA history such as its origins, foundations, its treatment of the Soviet threat, the Iranian revolution and the accountability of the agency. The book also opens new areas of research such as foreign liaison, relations with the scientific community, use of scientific and technical research and economic intelligence. The articles are both by well-known scholars in the field and young researchers at the beginning of their academic careers. Contributors come almost equally from both sides of the Atlantic. All draw, to varying degrees, on recently declassified documents and newly-available archives and, as the final chapter seeks to show, all point the way to future research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JDYY9G64,2013-09-19,"Christopher M. Andrew, Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones",Routledge,,2024-01-07T13:55:53Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.4324/9781315036816,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4236416945,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4236416945,2021.0,2021.0,2013.0,,8.0 6646,"Intelligence and the Cold War behind the Dikes: The Relationship between the American and Dutch Intelligence Communities, 1946–1994",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315036816-3/intelligence-cold-war-behind-dikes-bob-de-graaff-cees-wiebes,"Intelligence and the Cold War behind the Dikes - 1 - The Relationship between the American and Dutch Intelligence Communities, 1946–1994",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A5KH2QAI,1997-09-19,"Bob de Graaff, Cees Wiebes",Routledge,,2024-01-07T13:54:11Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,Eternal Vigilance?,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6647,Secrets of Signals Intelligence During the Cold War and Beyond,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MHEJBR96,2001,"Matthew M. Aid, Cees Wiebes, Andrew Christopher",Frank Cass,,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5', 'TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6648,"Greek Military Intelligence and the Turkish ""Threat"" during the 1987 Aegean Crisis",Journal article,https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/217442,"The March 1987 Greek-Turkish crisis over the Aegean Sea continental shelf is considered, together with the January 1996 crisis on the sovereignty of the Imia Islets, the most serious incident in Greek-Turkish confrontations to date. Despite the conventional academic and media wisdom on the Turkish “threat” (απειλή) during the 1987 crisis and successful Greek “deterrence” (αποτροπή), the author, citing key military intelligence and diplomatic officials, proves that Hellenic military intelligence assessed as low the Turkish operational military threat to the Greek armed forces in the Aegean. Surprisingly, while the Hellenic Navy mobilized the majority of the fleet, Ankara did not feel threatened by the possibility of a Greek military offensive. In response, the Turkish side used only aggressive rhetoric, but the Ankara generals decided against actual conflict with Athens. The author argues that since in 1987 there was no potential of a Greek-Turkish confrontation in the Aegean and no Turkish operational threat, the Greek show of force did not amount to deterrence. In order to deter a military threat there has to be aggressive military presence in time and place, not just boastful nationalistic rhetoric by the opponent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HEKIR2G7,2007-05-01,Panagiotis Dimitrakis,Johns Hopkins University Press,Journal of Modern Greek Studies,2024-01-07T13:47:46Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6649,"Intelligence and foreign policy: a comparison of British, American and Turkish intelligence systems",Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/11693/18135,"One of the main arguments of this thesis is that better intelligence is needed for designing sound foreign policy. While good intelligence cannot guarantee good policy, poor intelligence frequently contributes to policy failure. Then, what are the essentials of good intelligence? How should intelligence agencies be organized? What can bring about reliable intelligence? To answer these questions two countries that are widely acknowledged to incorporate intelligence successfully into foreign policy making and implementation, namely the UK and the US, are examined in terms of the stmcture of their intelligence systems in support of foreign policy. Therefore answers to the questions of how their systems are organized, overseen and coordinated are sought in this study. Then a comparison between the UK and the USA, which are accepted to ha’>'e the highest standard in this respect, and the Turkish system is made in order to show differences between the systems. At the conclusion, based on findings from the comparison of the systems, recommendations are proposed to improve Turkish foreign intelligence capabilities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YN5DYSGB,1999-05-01,Hakan Fidan,,,2024-01-07T13:44:28Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Master's Thesis,Bilkent University,,,,,,,,, 6650,Turkish Influence and Intelligence Operations in Germany - The Institute of World Politics,Blog post,https://www.iwp.edu/articles/2021/01/06/turkish-influence-and-intelligence-operations-in-germany/,This paper was written by James Cory for IWP’s course on Geography and Strategy (IWP 634). James Cory is a first-year student at The Institute of World,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TNVH588Z,2021-01-06T22:39:05-05:00,James Cory,,,2024-01-07T13:44:04Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6651,Russian intelligence and the long arm of vengeance,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/mar/20/russian-intelligence-and-the-long-arm-of-vengeance/,"Moscow has a long history of murdering enemies of the state in far-off places. Those cooperating with the West, especially in the realm of intelligence, have been targeted for assassination since before World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TUPSS63V,2018-03-20,"David V. Gioe, Michael S. Goodman",,The Washington Times,2024-01-07T13:38:07Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6652,Double Crossed: The Missionaries Who Spied for the United States during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jinh_r_01616,"Serving Caesar and serving God has never been straightforward, despite instances when their purposes seemed to overlap. We might wish to view missionaries and other religious leaders as set apart from, or above, earth’s human travails, but for most of human history religious leaders and clergy have served alongside troops in war, if not instigated those wars outright. Collecting intelligence, or spying, however, gives us pause. We usually have a different and uncomfortable feeling about mixing the roles of godliness and espionage, which is often a by-word for deception, a sin. Sutton explores the seeming double lives of four Christians as they navigated their faith and armed pursuit of their country’s national interest during World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IJFRAXU2,2020-12-01,David V. Gioe,,The Journal of Interdisciplinary History,2024-01-07T13:33:30Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1162/jinh_r_01616,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3112340139,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 6653,Handling Hero: Joint Anglo-American tradecraft in the case of Oleg Penkovsky,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315817279-9/handling-hero-david-gioe,Handling Hero - 1 - Joint Anglo-American tradecraft in the case of Oleg Penkovsky,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HHRXVE34,2014-06-12,David Gioe,Routledge,,2024-01-07T13:31:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,An International History of the Cuban Missile Crisis,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6654,An International History of the Cuban Missile Crisis: A 50-year retrospective,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315817279/international-history-cuban-missile-crisis-len-scott-christopher-andrew-david-gioe,"This edited volume addresses the main lessons and legacies of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis from a global perspective. Despite the discoveries of recent research, there is still much more to be revealed about the handling of nuclear weapons before and during the Cuban Missile Crisis (CMC). Featuring contributions from a number of eminent international scholars of nuclear history, intelligence, espionage, political science and Cold War studies, An International History of the Cuban Missile Crisis reviews and reflects on one of the critical moments of the Cold War, focussing on three key areas. First, the volume highlights the importance of memory as an essential foundation of historical understanding and demonstrates how events that rely only on historical records can provide misleading accounts. This focus on memory extends the scope of the existing literature by exploring hitherto neglected aspects of the CMC, including an analysis of the operational aspects of Bomber Command activity, explored through recollections of the aircrews that challenge accounts based on official records. The editors then go on to explore aspects of intelligence whose achievements and failings have increasingly been recognised to be of central importance to the origins, dynamics and outcomes of the missile crisis. Studies of hitherto neglected organisations such as the US Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the British Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) both extend our understanding of British and American intelligence machinery in this period and enrich our understanding of key episodes and assessments in the missile crisis. Finally, the book explores the risk of nuclear war and looks at how close we came to nuclear conflict. The risk of inadvertent use of nuclear weapons is evaluated and a new proposed framework for the analysis of nuclear risk put forward. This volume will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, international history, foreign policy, security studies and IR in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XN6NRJD9,2014-06-12,"David V. Gioe, Len Scott, Christopher M. Andrew",Routledge,,2024-01-07T13:27:59Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.4324/9781315817279,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W371595823,23.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W371595823,2016.0,2025.0,2014.0,,2.0 6655,How Threat Actors are Manipulating the British Information Environment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2020.1772674,"This article explores how threat actors are manipulating the British information environment and provides recommendations for how the government and citizenry might defend themselves. Daniel Dobrowolski, David V Gioe and Alicia Wanless argue that enforcing heavy moderation of content is counterproductive and that civic education, transparency and ongoing research into the methods that threat actors use are essential to guide an effective response and provide original research towards this end. Through a case study approach, the article assesses two recent type-case informational threats and considers the role the UK government can play, as a model for other Western states facing similar threats, in defending against them.■",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KH59C6B,2020-04-15,"Daniel Dobrowolski, David V Gioe, Alicia Wanless",Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2024-01-07T13:26:13Z,['MQMHZUFD'],10.1080/03071847.2020.1772674,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3036845403,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3036845403,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,,1.0 6656,A damage assessment framework for insider threats to national security information: Edward Snowden and the Cambridge Five in comparative historical perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2020.1853053,"A new ‘digital generation’ of insider threat has emerged within the US intelligence community. Edward Snowden’s mass leaks were not the first transparency-driven digital challenge to the United States Intelligence Community (USIC). Three years before, then U.S. Army Private Bradley Manning provided 500,000 classified documents to WikiLeaks, which published them to great fanfare for transparency advocates while causing much concern in Washington. These are not isolated cases; the tempo of such mass public disclosures seems to be increasing. In what ways is this new breed of insider threat akin to more traditional counterintelligence breaches such as those of the Cold War? One central point of comparison is the relative damage caused by each, since it would be difficult to sustain the thesis that a new type of insidious threat has emerged if the damage caused by mass leaks was of little consequence when compared to traditional espionage cases. And ‘damage’ must be evaluated within the social history of the breaches themselves. A systematic approach to the comparison of breaches has remained elusive. This article offers such a framework using the Snowden leak as a case study in contemporary self-tasked digital breaches and the Cambridge Five spy ring as a case study in traditional externally-tasked breaches.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ABTS5XAU,2021-09-03,"David V. Gioe, Joseph M. Hatfield",Routledge,Cambridge Review of International Affairs,2024-01-07T13:25:27Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/09557571.2020.1853053,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3111255485,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3111255485,2022.0,2025.0,2020.0,,2.0 6657,The Soviet Legacy of Russian Active Measures: New Vodka from Old Stills?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1725364,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EEKECQ5N,2020-07-02,"David V. Gioe, Richard Lovering, Tyler Pachesny",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-07T13:24:40Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1725364,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3009401418,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3009401418,2020.0,2025.0,2020.0,,0.0 6658,Rebalancing cybersecurity imperatives: patching the social layer,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2019.1604780,"The social layer, where civil society, including commercial and academic interaction, takes place is the most vulnerable one of the three commonly accepted layers of cyberspace. Worse still, emphasis by technical experts on physical and logical layer security has lulled civil society into a dangerous torpor that conflates information transmission reliability with reliable information. This has been exploited by criminals, adversarial states such as Russia and hostile non-state actors such as the Islamic State. This article explores the danger of an overly narrow conception of cybersecurity by governments and practitioners and recommends an urgent focus on the social layer toward a holistic rebalancing of cybersecurity. It offers a set of recommendations to help civil society secure itself in cyberspace.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8AL4QTTZ,2019-01-02,"David V. Gioe, Michael S. Goodman, Alicia Wanless",Routledge,Journal of Cyber Policy,2024-01-07T13:23:21Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/23738871.2019.1604780,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2941187588,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2941187588,2020.0,2025.0,2019.0,,1.0 6659,"Counter-Subversion in Early Cold War Britain: The Official Committee on Communism (Home), the Information Research Department, and ‘State-Private Networks’",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2014.895570,"This article applies the concepts of ‘transnationalism’ and ‘state-private networks’ to early Cold War Britain to analyze the aims and methods of governmental and non-governmental counter-subversion and propaganda in the ‘Cultural Cold War’. Using recently declassified and underutilized files, the article explores the roles of the Official Committee on Communism (Home) and, more particularly, the Foreign Office Information Research Department. The Attlee and Churchill administrations of the late 1940s and early 1950s increasingly perceived the primary non-military threat of communism to Britain as part of Soviet-inspired transnational subversion of western European societies. This created a growing impetus for a symmetrical, transnational response through both domestic and foreign clandestine ‘indoctrination’ campaigns operating via influential non-state British institutions. Despite constitutional concerns still relevant today, in 1951 ministers endorsed the domestic component of this response as a fully-fledged strategy that would encourage greater state intervention in British society in the Cold War struggle for both liberty and security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3GKKV5MR,2015-09-03,Thomas J. Maguire,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2024-01-06T15:27:56Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'R2V36RN8']",10.1080/02684527.2014.895570,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2067723552,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2067723552,2016.0,2025.0,2014.0,,2.0 6660,"Interrogation during ‘the troubles’ in Northern Ireland, 1971–75",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315882154-12/interrogation-troubles-northern-ireland-1971%E2%80%9375-samantha-newbery,"This chapter highlights the link between interrogation and internment, by examining the interrogation operations that were carried out between 1971 and 1975 with a view to increasing the amount of intelligence available to the security forces. On 9th August 1971 internment without trial was introduced in Northern Ireland. This was the British and Northern Ireland Government's response to the continuation of 'the troubles'. As troublemakers were not being convicted, interning them provided an alternative way of keeping them off the streets and it was hoped would increase the conviction rate, improving stability in the region. The British Army had been sent to Northern Ireland in August 1969 to help the local police force the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) restore order. The RUC's intelligence-gathering capacity had been undermined when their B-Specials branch was disbanded. The B-Specials officially ceased to exist in April 1970, depriving the RUC of their traditional source of human intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QGVKK9WV,2014-05-07,Samantha Newbery,Routledge,,2024-01-06T15:15:59Z,['V7KUA58M'],,Interrogation in War and Conflict,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6661,Interrogation in War and Conflict: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Analysis,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315882154/interrogation-war-conflict-christopher-andrew-simona-tobia,"This edited volume offers a comparative and interdisciplinary analysis of interrogation and questioning in war and conflict in the twentieth century. Despite the current public interest and its military importance, interrogation and questioning in conflict is still a largely under-researched theme. This volume’s methodological thrust is to select historical case studies ranging in time from the Great War to the conflicts in former Yugoslavia, and including the Second World War, decolonization, the Cold War, the ‘Troubles’ in Northern Ireland and international justice cases in The Hague, each of which raises interdisciplinary issues about the role of interrogation. These case-studies were selected because they resurface previously unexplored sources on the topic, or revisit known cases which allow us to analyse the role of interrogation and questioning in intelligence, security and military operations. Written by a group of experts from a range of disciplines including history, intelligence, psychology, law and human rights, Interrogation in War and Conflict provides a study of the main turning points in interrogation and questioning in twentieth-century conflicts, over a wide geographical area. The collection also looks at issues such as the extent of the use of harsh techniques, the value of interrogation to military intelligence, security and international justice, the development of interrogation as a separate profession in intelligence, as well as the relationship between interrogation and questioning and wider society. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, strategic studies, counter-terrorism, international justice, history and IR in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZUPPEDLD,2014-05-07,"Christopher M. Andrew, Simona Tobia",Routledge,,2024-01-06T15:15:09Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'HCN8YFI8', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.4324/9781315882154,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1600882319,46.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1600882319,2015.0,2024.0,2014.0,,1.0 6662,"Interrogation and ‘psychological intelligence’: The construction of propaganda during the Malayan Emergency, 1948–1958",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315882154-8/interrogation-psychological-intelligence-thomas-maguire,"This chapter focuses on the systematic examination of the relationship between interrogation intelligence collected regarding the mainly ethnic Chinese Malayan Communist Party (MCP) and its militant wing, the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), and psychological warfare directed at and about the MNLA insurgents and their civilian support network, the Min Yuen. It reveals that interrogations of Surrendered Enemy Personnel (SEP) and Captured Enemy Personnel (CEP) produced crucial 'psychological intelligence' for constructing tailored and accurate propaganda and psychological warfare and disseminating it through channels and media known to be efficient and influential. As the British colonial office affirmed in a report to the Cabinet in late 1951, psychological warfare in Malaya was an 'Auxiliary Intelligence Instrument'. This windfall to the intelligence and psychological warfare system was furthered between 1950 and 1953 by organisational reform and civil-military integration at all levels which improved inter-service liaison and planning, and increased staffing and resources.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XX337HM7,2014-05-07,Thomas J. Maguire,Routledge,,2024-01-06T15:13:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Interrogation in War and Conflict,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6663,What does the War in Ukraine tell us about Russian Intelligence?,Blog post,https://www.kcl.ac.uk/what-does-the-war-in-ukraine-tell-us-about-russian-intelligence,"ELENA GROSSFELD: Russia's intelligence failures, could have far-reaching impact on the course of the war in Ukraine",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q2XLRGSB,22 March 2022,Elena Grossfeld,,,2022-03-24T08:17:00Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6664,A Very Secret Intelligence: The Parallel Espionage of the Republic of Genoa in the State of the Presìdi,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35847-0_10,"This chapter examines the role of espionage in maintaining the privacy of the state’s interests in the eighteenth century, through a careful examination of sources regarding the State of the Presìdi in Italy. During the 1630s, the Republic of Genoa used a network of parallel espionage to obtain information from the State of the Presìdi, where the Spanish authorities threatened their interests. This non-institutional information channel, which acted in the shadows of the Genoese State Inquisitors, expresses the dark sides of the alliance between Genoa and Madrid, offering a contrasting view with the historiographical stereotype of the so-called Hispano-Genoese symbiosis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3TUBNMCR,2024-01-01,Diego Pizzorno,Springer International Publishing,,2024-01-06T14:32:59Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1007/978-3-031-35847-0_10,"Privacy at Sea: Practices, Spaces, and Communication in Maritime History",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390497213,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 6665,Intelligence and Crisis: The Dardanelles in 1906,Blog post,https://www.kcl.ac.uk/intelligence-and-crisis-the-dardanelles-in-1906,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M5TW294L,2021-08-02,Yusuf Ali Ozkan,,,2021-08-03T13:07:52Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6666,Postwar Development of New Cipher Machines in the UK,Blog post,https://siginthistorian.blogspot.com/2023/09/postwar-development-of-new-cipher.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/635A7ESV,2023-09-06,Tony Comer,,,2024-01-05T15:44:33Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6667,UK Intelligence Community: An Overview,Blog post,https://greydynamics.com/uk-intelligence-community-an-overview/,The UK's intelligence communities prowess carries a global impact to which are at the forefront of Britain's defence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7L6KGQXH,2024-01-02T14:00:00+00:00,Joseph Balodis,,,2024-01-05T11:37:35Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6668,Strategic minds: the role of intelligence education in advancing national security analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2023.2300002,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FQLPD2FE,2024-01-02,James D. Ramsay,Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2024-01-05T09:10:54Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/18335330.2023.2300002,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390541794,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390541794,2025.0,2025.0,2024.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/18335330.2023.2300002?needAccess=true,1.0 6669,The anxious host: Czechoslovakia and Carlos the Jackal 1978–1986,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2017.1309560,"The nature of engagement by communist states with international terrorism remains contested. Furthermore, it represents one of the most enigmatic aspects of the Cold War. This article challenges the notion that the Soviet Bloc provided uniform active support to late Cold War terrorists and suggests new categories of host. To demonstrate the complexities and paradoxes of state-terrorist relations we examine Communist Czechoslovakia's relations with Carlos the Jackal – the most notorious terrorist of the period. The historical consensus remains that Carlos was supported by the Eastern Bloc. However, as newly-released Eastern European secret service documents show, attitudes of Moscow's allies varied considerably. Czechoslovakia was, at best, a temporary and ‘anxious host’. The arrival of major terrorists in such ‘anxious’ states were in fact often unannounced, uninvited and undesired – yet the hosts fell short of arresting the terrorists either due to ideological affinity or fear of retribution. From his first visit to Prague, Carlos the Jackal was considered to be a threat and a reputational hazard by the Czechoslovak State Security (StB). Gradually, the StB adopted subtle measures aimed at deterring the return of Carlos and his Group. Finally, in the mid-1980s, they artfully ejected the Jackal and his accomplices from its territory, but without risking formal expulsion.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IVK24X45,2018-01-01,Daniela Richterova,Routledge,The International History Review,2024-01-05T09:00:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/07075332.2017.1309560,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2604315683,11.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2604315683,2018.0,2024.0,2017.0,http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/16918/2/FullText.pdf,1.0 6670,Ambient accountability: intelligence services in Europe and the decline of state secrecy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2017.1415780,"In the 1990s, judgments in the European Court of Human Rights concerning state surveillance forced many West European countries to introduce new parliamentary bodies and formal systems for accountability. Promising both greater transparency and lawful intelligence, these frameworks were then energetically rolled out to Central and Eastern Europe. Although officials boasted about their effectiveness, these formal accountability mechanisms have failed to identify serious abuses over the last decade. Moreover, the security regime in much of Central Europe still remains largely unreconstructed. The article argues that a robust culture of accountability cannot be conjured into existence merely by introducing new laws and regulations, or indeed by the increasing tide of media revelations about intelligence. However, it suggests that we are now seeing the rise of a more complex pattern of ‘ambient accountability’ which is at last challenging the secret state across Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UTDZIPWT,2018-07-04,"Richard J. Aldrich, Daniela Richterova",Routledge,West European Politics,2024-01-05T08:58:33Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/01402382.2017.1415780,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2783729400,26.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2783729400,2018.0,2025.0,2018.0,http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/17006/1/Fulltext.pdf,0.0 6671,Terrorists and Revolutionaries: The Achilles Heel of Communist Surveillance,Journal article,https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/6958,"The scholarly understanding of communist state surveillance practices remains limited. Utilising thousands of recently declassified archival materials from communist Czechoslovakia, this article aims to revise our understanding of everyday security practices and surveillance under communist regimes, which have thus far been overwhelmingly understood in relation to the domestic population and social control. In the 1970s and 1980s, Czechoslovakia attracted the Cold War terrorist and revolutionary elite. Visits by the likes of Carlos the Jackal, Munich Olympic massacre mastermind Abu Daoud, and key PLO figures in Prague were closely surveilled by the Czechoslovak State Security (StB). This article investigates the motifs and performance of a wide range of mechanisms that the StB utilised to surveil violent non-state actors, including informer networks and SIGINT. It argues that in the last decade of the Cold War, Prague adopted a “surveillance-centred” approach to international terrorists on its territory—arguably enabled by informal “non-aggression pacts.” Furthermore, it challenges the notion that the communist state security structures were omnipotent surveillance mechanisms. Despite having spent decades perfecting their grip on domestic dissent, when confronted with foreign, unfamiliar, and uncontrollable non-state actors engaged in terrorism or political violence, these ominous institutions were often shown to be anxious, inept, and at times impotent. Finally, it explores the parallel state approaches to international terrorists and revolutionaries, and their shortcomings, across the Iron Curtain jurisdictions. Overall, this article seeks to expand our understanding of the broad and varied complexities of intelligence and surveillance in communist regimes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4I29TLPD,2018-10-12,Daniela Richterova,,Surveillance & Society,2024-01-05T08:57:47Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.24908/ss.v16i3.6958,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2897383079,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2897383079,2020.0,2026.0,2018.0,https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/download/6958/8112,2.0 6672,"Bytes not waves: information communication technologies, global jihadism and counterterrorism",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa048,"Rapoport's conceptualization of the last, religious wave of four global waves remains highly influential. But it, and other typologies, have placed too little emphasis on the influence of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the evolution of global jihadist activities. This article makes two new contributions by developing both a new ICT-based typology for understanding jihadist evolutions, and by focusing on successful attacks. Our central argument is that ICTs’ impact on global jihadism has facilitated dramatic transformations of its strategy, organization and tactics since the 1990s, and that these can be understood as four overlapping iterations. ‘Jihadism 1.0’ describes the hierarchical, top-down directed and overseas financed and trained terrorist organizations that conducted iconic attacks at the turn of the millennium. Jihadism has since evolved into ‘Jihadism 2.0’ and then ‘Jihadism 3.0’. Jihadism 2.0 recognizes that a number of smaller, coordinated attacks can have a global impact. Jihadism 3.0 is inspired terrorism that has no links to the central terror organization, utilizing individuals and crude tactics. Finally, jihadism is evolving toward ‘Jihadism 4.0’, or cyberterrorism. We argue this typology provides a useful basis for scholars and practitioners to conceptualize the ICT dynamics influencing global jihadism, and these may be applicable to other global terrorists. The conclusion analyses how counter-terrorism services can respond to these evolutions and charts areas for future research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4GAHNYIX,2020-09-01,"Michael Chertoff, Patrick Bury, Daniela Richterova",,International Affairs,2024-01-05T08:57:10Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1093/ia/iiaa048,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3027595315,11.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3027595315,2020.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa048,0.0 6673,"An Introduction: The Secret Struggle for the Global South – Espionage, Military Assistance and State Security in the Cold War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2020.1777456,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/93CAIQ4B,2021-01-02,"Daniela Richterova, Natalia Telepneva",Routledge,The International History Review,2024-01-05T08:56:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/07075332.2020.1777456,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3036170427,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3036170427,2020.0,2025.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07075332.2020.1777456?needAccess=true,0.0 6674,Banking on Military Assistance: Czechoslovakia’s Struggle for Influence and Profit in the Third World 1955–1968*,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2020.1763422,"In the 1950s, Czechoslovakia launched an ambitious program of military assistance to countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Driven by the desire to obtain political influence and hard currency, the program involved the delivery of arms, military technology, and training to select clients. However, Czechoslovakia faced many challenges, as the country struggled to offer quality training to Third World partners and to control foreign soldiers who often challenged military discipline and social order. Moreover, Prague also struggled to make the program commercially viable, as arms sales and student numbers dropped in the early 1960s. This paper reconstructs the inception, structure, operational challenges, and debates surrounding the key objectives of the Czechoslovak military training program for the Third World in the 1950s and 1960s. In particular, it focuses on the ‘tug of war’ waged by key stakeholders running the assistance program, which set political and geopolitical interests against commercial gain. By interrogating the challenges of Czechoslovakia’s military assistance programs to the Third World, this paper provides a rare insight into Prague’s foreign policy at a crucial juncture, when it fashioned a new, activist role in the Third World. It challenges the assumption that this highly sensitive area of Czechoslovak foreign policy was defined either by politics or by commercial interests, rather arguing that it was shaped by a constant struggle between these two often competing priorities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/INRVLMDJ,2021-01-02,"Daniela Richterova, Mikuláš Pešta, Natalia Telepneva",Routledge,The International History Review,2024-01-05T08:53:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/07075332.2020.1763422,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3024275578,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3024275578,2020.0,2024.0,2020.0,,0.0 6675,Back into the Cold: Putin’s Intelligence and Security Apparatus a Year into the Ukraine War,Blog post,https://agentura.ru/en/new-nobility/back-into-the-cold-putins-intelligence-and-security-apparatus-a-year-into-the-ukraine-war/,"It was meant to be a swift military victory. Several days after Russian tanks rolled onto Ukrainian territory, the Federal Security Service (FSB) was to help impose a new pro-Kremlin puppet governm…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GGZRDY7Z,2023-02-28T14:59:47+00:00,"Irina Borogan, Elena Grossfeld, Daniela Richterova, Andrei Soldatov",,,2024-01-05T08:50:27Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6676,The Rise and Fall of South Africa’s Intelligence Community during Apartheid,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2292961,"The author explores the context that contributed to the evolution of the South African Intelligence Community (SAIC) from political police to an independent security state during the apartheid, nondemocratic regime (1961–1994). It also assesses the circumstances that led to the demise of authoritarian rule and the reform of the intelligence apparatus. It finds that such factors as the security landscape, changes in leadership, and enabling legislation assisted the SAIC’s consolidation of power as political police, morphing it into an independent security state during that period. Subsequently, leadership, liberalization measures, scandals, and inquiries contributed to the demise of the apartheid intelligence apparatus and the slow emergence of a democratically inclined SAIC.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7MJ2QI99,2024-01-03,Dries Putter,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-05T01:03:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2292961,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390535071,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 6677,"Abdülhamid Döneminde İstihbarat: Mutlakıyetten Meşrutiyete İmparatorluğun Haber Alma Faaliyetleri, 1876-1909 [Intelligence in the Abdulhamid Era: Intelligence Activities of the Empire from Absolutism to Constitutionalism, 1876-1909]",Book,https://www.kitapyayinevi.com/abdulhamid-doneminde-istihbarat,"Sultan Abdülhamid ve dönemi söz konusu olduğunda istihbarat, hafiyelik ve jurnalcilik gibi kavramlar mutlaka gündeme gelir. Osmanlı tarihinin doğru anlaşılması için istihbarat konusunu basit bir ispiyon ya da jurnalcilik sistemi olarak değil, daha geniş bir bakış açısıyla, devlet sisteminin bir bileşeni olarak ele almak yerinde olur. Abdülhamid dönemi haber alma/istihbarat ağını incelemek hem imparatorluğun içinde bulunduğu durumu, hem de 19. yüzyıl dünyasının tarihsel arka planını iyi okumayı gerektirir. Avrupa devletlerinin birbirine girdiği büyük savaşa adım adım yaklaşılırken, imparatorluğun en zorlu ve kritik bir döneminde 33 yıl tahtta kalan II. Abdülhamid ülkesini ayakta tutmak için, diğer mutlak hükümdarlar gibi bütün olanaklardan yararlanmıştır. Dış baskıların arttığı, askeri tehditlerin ve savaş riskinin sürekli hissedildiği, yani kısaca “güvenlik kaygısının” gündemin zirvesinde bulunduğu bu dönem imparatorluğu her gelişmeden zamanında haberdar olmaya zorlamıştır. Öte yandan bu zorlu yıllar, Avrupa’da anarşist faaliyetlerin neden olduğu korkunun etkisiyle gözetleme, zapt etme, sansür ve pasaport gibi denetim ve güvenlik mekanizmalarının tüm dünyada canlanmaya başladığı bir döneme denk gelir. Başta Osmanlı Balkanlar’ında olmak üzere çeşitli milliyetçiliklerin gelişmesi ise haber almanın önemini daha da artırır. Dolayısıyla Abdülhamid dönemi istihbaratı dediğimizde, diplomasi, teknoloji ve insan kaynağıyla desteklenen; denetim, kontrol ve zapt etme uygulamalarına dayanan çok ayaklı bir sistemden söz ediyoruz demektir. Araştırmacı-yazar Dr. Emre Gör’ün yüzlerce kaynağı tarayarak hazırladığı bu çalışması, çok tartışılan ve güncelliğini koruyan Abdülhamid dönemi istihbaratı konusunun doğru anlaşılmasına önemli bir katkı sağlıyor.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3RH78H7R,2019-04-01,Emre Gör,Kitap Yayinevi,,2024-01-05T01:00:24Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6678,II.Mahmud Devrinde Osmanlı İstihbaratı [Ottoman Intelligence in the II. Mahmud Era],Book,https://www.kitapyayinevi.com/osmanli-istihbarati,"Osmanlılar, kuruluş yıllarından itibaren istihbarattan istifade ettiler.. Bazen saltanat mücadeleleri etrafında, kimi zaman diplomaside, ama en çok askerî hareketlilik sırasında? Osmanlı eliti, etraflarında veya sınırlarının ötesinde gelişen askeri-siyasî olaylardan bir şekilde haberdar olmaya çalıştı, büyük güç olmanın bir yansıması, hayır, zorunluluğu olarak? Beklenmedik kesinti devreleri dışarıda tutulacak olursa, zorunluluk çok defa yerine getirildi; casuslar, tebdiller, tacirler, yolcular, esirler, tercüman ve gemiciler vasıtasıyla? Hepsinden istifade etme şekli farklıydı ve hiçbir zaman sağladıkları bilgi tek başına mutlak doğru olarak kabul görmedi. En azından birinin ötekini teyit etmesi gerekiyordu... Osmanlı istihbarat çalışmalarının en tanıdık yüzü casuslardı ve kadrolu bir imparatorluk memuru statüsüne sahip olmaya yaklaşmışlardı, en çok da II. Mahmud zamanında? Karşı istihbarat faaliyetlerini engellemenin en az istihbarat çalışmaları kadar önemli olduğu gerçeği de anlaşılmıştı? Osmanlı istihbaratının daha birçok hususiyeti vardı, zorluk ve eksiklikleri de? Bunları aşmak için neler yapıldı? Zorluklar aşıldı, eksiklikler tamamlandı ve doğru bilgiye ulaşıldı mı? Osmanlı istihbaratı hakkındaki daha nice soru ve sorunların cevaplarının çoğunu bu kitapta bulacaksınız. Ahmet Yüksel Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümünde öğretim üyesi. Osmanlı tarihine ilişkin birçok akademik makalesi ve Zaralı Mahir Paşa isminde bir kitabı var.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TRAQ7YYW,2013-03-01,Ahmet Yüksel,Kitap Yayinevi,,2024-01-05T00:58:59Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6679,Osmanlı Kaynaklarında Karşı Casusluk Vakaları [Counter Espionage Cases in Ottoman Sources],Book,https://www.kitapyayinevi.com/osmanli-kaynaklarinda-karsi-casusluk-vakalari,"Otuz üç yıl gibi uzun bir hükümdarlık devri geçiren II. Abdülhamid, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun büyük tehditlerle karşı karşıya kaldığı bir dönemde saltanat sürmüştür. Nitekim çok sayıda tarihçiye göre Sultan II. Abdülhamid dönemi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun siyasi bakımdan en çetin dönemi olmuştur. Avrupa’nın Büyük Güçleri ile süren mücadeleler, Ermeni ve Rum komiteleri başta olmak üzere çeteci oluşumların faaliyetleri, dünyanın dört bir yanından gelen suikast haberleri ile zirveye tırmanan güvenlik endişeleri, bilhassa 1890’larda oldukça yaygınlaşan kolera gibi salgın hastalıklar ve daha sıralanabilecek onlarca farklı tehdit, bu dönemin neden “çetin” bir dönem olarak tanımlandığını ortaya koyar. Üstelik bu tehditlere imparatorluğun içinde bulunduğu iktisadi ve mali problemler de eklenince, büyük bir açmazla karşı karşıya kalındığı anlaşılmaktadır. Problemlere, 19. yüzyılın doğasından kaynaklanan toplumsal sıkıntılar da ilave edilebilir. Fakat siyasi, mali ve sosyal tüm bu sıralanan ve sıralanabilecek problemler bir anlamda “görünür ve tanımlanabilir problemler”dir ve arka planda gizli, görünmeyen farklı birçok tehdit bulunmaktadır. Elinizdeki bu eser, II. Abdülhamid dönemine ait görünmeyen ve gizli kalmış tehditleri, örtülü yürütülen casusluk faaliyetlerini ve bu faaliyetlere nasıl karşı koyulmaya çalışıldığını irdelenmektedir. Osmanlı kaynaklarına göre gizli komitacılık faaliyetleri, ihtilal/karışıklık çıkarma girişimleri, Osmanlı coğrafyası ve askeri tesisleri hakkında bilgi toplama, illegal oluşumlara silah ve para dağıtımı, stratejik muhabere kayıtlarını ele geçirme ve 19. yüzyıl dünyasına ait bir yenilik olan fotoğraf casusluğu en sık karşılaşılan casusluk türleri arasında yer almaktadır. Araştırmacı-yazar Dr. Emre Gör’ün Osmanlı arşiv kayıtlarını inceleyerek hazırladığı bu kitap, 1876-1909 yılları arasında, Osmanlı ülkesinde meydana gelen casusluk faaliyetlerini ve bu faaliyetlere yönelik yürütülen casusluğa karşı koyma çalışmalarını ele almaktadır",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BQYTEH3P,2023-02-01,Emre Gör,Kitap Yayinevi,,2024-01-05T00:57:17Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6680,Osmanlılarda İstihbarat Faaliyetleri (1300-1750) [Intelligence Activities in the Ottomans (1300-1750)],Thesis,https://acikerisim.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12418/12298,"Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun kuruluş ve yükselişinin tarihlendiği Yeniçağda sürdürülen istihbarat faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır. Herhangi bir istihbarat servisi adı veya çatısı altında kurumsal bir temel üzerine oturmadan önce istihbaratın nasıl ve ne şekilde algılandığı, hangi yollarla elde edildiği ve ne şekilde değerlendirildiği araştırılmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda ‘Klasik Çağ’ olarak tanımlanan ve çalışmanın ana temasını teşkil eden devirde, istihbaratın dayandığı temel kanallar tespit edilmeye ve bu kanallar üzerinden; ‘kuruluş devri’, ‘imparatorluk devri’ ve ‘17.yüzyıl’ temel alınarak, istihbaratın gelişim süreci üç safha halinde incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca istifade edilen saha açısından istihbarat faaliyetlerinin; diplomatik sahada, askeri müdahaleler öncesi ve esnasında ve son olarak ülke içindeki meselelerin tespit edilmesi noktasında nasıl kullanıldığına; söz konusu faaliyetlerin işleyişi ve işlerliğine dair bir inceleme yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya temel olarak, Osmanlı arşiv malzemeleri, kronikler ve konu ile alakalı yerli ve yabancı araştırma-inceleme eserleri kaynaklık etmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı Osmanlı istihbaratı açısından bilinenlerin artmasına katkı sağlamaktır. Ayrıca Yeniçağ Osmanlı bürokrasisinin istihbaratı algılama ve anlamlandırmadaki temel dinamiklerini tespit etmek de çalışmanın amaçları arasındadır.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5IUW9FAQ,2019,Gökçen Mevlüde Darıcı Daş,,,2024-01-05T00:54:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,PhD Thesis,Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi-Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü,,,,,,,,, 6681,African American Intelligence Contributions during the American Civil War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2288007,"My research article offers the first detailed assessment of African American intelligence contributions during the American Civil War, using contemporaneous primary source documents. These contributions have never been considered in their totality because earlier historians focused mainly on a few well-known personal stories. My research corrects that oversight by revealing the full extent of African American intelligence contributions, drawing on contemporaneous primary sources to demonstrate that leaders at all levels of the Union drew on this information, and that it contributed to the course of every major battle, in several noted cases decisively so. My research also considers the ways in which African Americans personally contributed to meet the Union’s intelligence needs, often at great personal risk. My research for the first time reveals that African Americans also provided intelligence supporting the South, a role mainly occurring in the war’s early years, and which diminished greatly once the Union declared the demise of slavery as a strategic goal. The article closes by using contemporaneous primary source records to reevaluate several widely known individual accounts highlighted by earlier generations of writers, shedding much-needed light on these stories that in some cases exposes fabrication or doubt, while in others reinforces or clarifies these accounts’ accuracy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NQ2R9TCG,2024-01-03,David A. Welker,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2024-01-05T00:54:20Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2288007,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390546867,0.0,False,,,,2024.0,, 6682,Factors affecting the Use of Sigint,Blog post,https://siginthistorian.blogspot.com/2023/11/factors-affecting-use-of-sigint.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XFQWEL9K,2023-11-02,Tony Comer,,,2024-01-05T00:44:39Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6683,Secure Speech and Insecure Speech,Blog post,https://siginthistorian.blogspot.com/2023/12/secure-speech-and-insecure-speech.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W9W3I2JB,2023-12-18,Tony Comer,,,2024-01-05T00:38:17Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6684,Sigint Historian: Comms Indiscipline In The Royal Navy,Blog post,https://siginthistorian.blogspot.com/2024/01/comms-indiscipline-in-royal-navy.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GH6Z78PF,2024-01-04,Tony Comer,,,2024-01-04T20:00:43Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6685,Using history as a tool in Intelligence education,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/7_Lars_Baerentzen.pdf,"Using historical events as training material is, I think, more illuminating than using constructed scenarios because history often includes elements that the author of a scenario must reject as being impossible or too unlikely. However, as a tool for understanding current affairs both for the politician and for the intelligence analyst, history has a right use and a wrong use. Therefore so many people believe “that the only thing one can learn from history is that one cannot learn anything from history”? In this respect I will try to answer the following question: How useful is historical knowledge and training as an historian for an intelligence analyst?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J6U57W78,2019-07-01,Lars Baerentzen,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-04T11:02:19Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'TDUVX2TF']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6686,Intelligence and Intelligence studies. Time for a divorce?,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/1_Bob-de-Graaff.pdf,"Many in intelligence still follow Sherman Kent’s doctrine of intelligence as a type of social science that should try to develop natural science-like laws which make predictions possible. However, his positivist and realist approach is outdated in the academic world. It would be fruitful for both intelligence and intelligence studies to leave Kent’s positivist legacy behind. Constructivism offers much more profitable prospects, especially for intelligence studies, whose academic status is endangered by clinging to an outdated positivism. Meanwhile intelligence, which has often used Kent’s ideas as an ideology to fend off intelligence consumers, should do better to no longer pretend to come close to a science. Instead, using Aristoteles division in episteme (science), techne (tradecraft) and phronesis (practical wisdom), intelligence analysis should be seen as practical wisdom (phronesis) for practical decision-making. This would allow intelligence to embrace cognitive diversity in order to proffer different kinds of policy support. Leaning toward constructivism would help intelligence to become more action-oriented instead of information-oriented under the doom of positivism. Following the diverging paths of episteme for intelligence studies and phronesis for intelligence analysis, both should play their own autonomous roles, which would still leave meetings between the two useful.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NTWXUDAE,2019-07-01,Bob de Graaff,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-04T10:56:36Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6687,Fallen off the priority list: Was Srebrenica an intelligence failure?,Book chapter,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781498500586/The-Role-of-Intelligence-in-Ending-the-War-in-Bosnia-in-1995,"Based on primary sources, this book examines the 1995 Dayton Peace agreement, which ended the fighting in Bosnia, to show how American decision-making works on a complex issue. It takes a multidis...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7XDXG2JI,September 2014,"Bob de Graaff, Cees Wiebes",Lexington Books,,2023-01-09T20:26:32Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,The Role of Intelligence in Ending the War in Bosnia in 1995,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6688,Integrating Intelligence practice and scholarship: the case of general Intelligence and Security Service of the Netherlands (AIVD),Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2_Ingmar_Westerman.pdf,"This text is a revised version of the keynote speech that the author delivered at the 2019 conference of the European chapter of IAFIE. The conference took place in Bucharest and was hosted by the Romanian National Intelligence Academy “Mihai Viteazul”. A considerable number of European intelligence and security services participated in this gathering of intelligence practitioners and scholars dedicated to intelligence education. The text makes a case for integrating intelligence practice and scholarship, drawing attention to some of its conditions, reasons and benefits. Several examples ranging from established AIVD routine to some of the service’s latest initiatives stress the significance of a close(r) cooperation between intelligence work, its study and other academic disciplines and perspectives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2MCI9FLY,2019-07-01,Ingmar Westerman,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-04T10:57:35Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6689,‘Vital and irreplaceable facilities’: explaining leverage when states host great powers’ spying operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2292389,"Great powers use others’ territory for spying. Existing work shows that hosts of spying sometimes enjoy high leverage over great powers in exchange for their cooperation. At other times, hosts wield less leverage. Why? This paper points to the quality of intelligence that great powers glean from a host’s territory and the availability of alternatives to account for this variation. In U.S. spying on the Soviet Union from Iran, changes in these factors during the 1960s caused Iran’s leverage over the United States to increase. U.S. concessions enabled the Shah’s excesses. But the United States retained access to extraordinary intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AXUCS2KX,2023-12-25,Cullen G. Nutt,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T10:57:51Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2292389,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390193632,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390193632,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,,1.0 6690,INTELLIGENCE AND THE IR CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/3_Leucea.pdf,"There is considerable debate as to how intelligence should be defined. Should a definition include covert action or secrecy as being an important part of the activity? Is it relevant intelligence to be defined as the knowledge and foreknowledge necessary to address the external threats or different risks? The article upholds the idea that defining intelligence, implicitly or explicitly, involves adopting and assuming IR theoretical prepositions and intends to explore the implications of IR constructivist assumptions in defining intelligence. In our opinion, the task of defining intelligence is provocative because it is very difficult to reach an objective definition delineated from subjective views imbued in the author`s creeds of the preferable world system. For instance, defining intelligence in terms of agency through which states seek to protect or extend their relative advantage places the author in a political culture of organizing the world in realist perspective, with predefined actors, and reveals the dependence to particular security culture. IR constructivist approach generates alternative interpretations of world politics therefore defining intelligence through constructivist lenses would lead to new hermeneutics, allowing us to critically interpret the classical definitions of intelligence and envisage the way forward regarding the intelligence reform.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CAPQ5R2J,2020-12-01,Ioana Leucea,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-04T10:11:25Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6691,ACTIVE MEASURES COUNTERINTELLIGENCE RECONFIGURATION ELEMENTS,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RISR-26-8-Bustiuc-si-Stan.pdf,"In general, counterintelligence is a process of detecting, preventing, exploiting and manipulating the intelligence activities of opposing/external entities (groups, organizations, states), and is usually explained as protection of secrets against espionage (counterintelligence). In particular, in some states, in addition to the classic intelligence activities, clandestine/covert operations (in Western terminology) or active measures (in Soviet/Russian terminology) are conducted. By means of such operations the decisions or events, the political, military or social circumstances in another state are influenced in order to promote own foreign policy objectives. Such operations are conducted by intelligence structures, as they have available specialized personnel and specific skills, necessary for the complex integration of various resources and techniques to exercise influence. Taking this aspect into account, it should come as no surprise that the approaches used in order to identify and neutralize such operations get materialized in the area of counterintelligence. The paper is aimed at exploring some active measures which could be used to reconfigure counterintelligence, becoming then relevant for an effective national security policy. A comparative analysis between the two former Cold War superpowers – the USSR and the US – is performed in order to exemplify and support the arguments presented while also underlining the peculiarity of Soviet (present day Russian) conducts. In the first instance, the historical perspective/lens is used to account for the patterns developed during the Cold War, and then, shifting to the current status-quo, their relevance is explained in the present-day context.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SV6XLLKZ,2021-12-01,"Florin Bustiuc, Mircea Stan",,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-04T10:08:04Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6692,IMPROVING INTELLIGENCE TRANSPARENCY: THE JOINT VENTURE OF BUILDING AN INITIAL FRAMEWORK,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RISR-26-6-Contu.pdf,"In the contemporary period, especially in the last three decades, transparency, openness and access to information have fallen into a new era of interest for numerous actors playing in the societal democratic arena – citizens, organizations, the private sector, governments, media, politicians, international partners and so on. A paradox of transparency should be its presence in the intelligence field – born and raised on a strong basis of secrecy and conspiracy. While questioning what intelligence transparency is or, how we like to call it – “intelligence in plain sight”, we discovered the inexistence of a public, academic or institutional framework defining the topic. Therefore, this article aims at taking the first steps into this direction, by defining a couple of constants and variables, essential parties and indicators which should be comprised into a strategic joint venture, setting out to develop a framework for the practice of intelligence transparency. Also, this article underlines the need for liaison between these factors, meant to balance between the two oxymoronic adjectives – secretive and transparent. The analysis starts with a picture of how transparency looks like for governments – whether they are open or not, and it goes on with a legal perspective, only to end by catching the few elements surrounding the intelligence transparency topic. The main contribution of this article is that it overwhelmingly underlines the gap in both academic and administrative literature for a framework for intelligence transparency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U38HALH9,2021-12-01,Gabriela Contu,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-03T18:21:52Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6693,COOPERATION BETWEEN INTELLIGENCE OFFICIALS AND DECISION-MAKERS: THEORY VERSUS PRACTICE,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RISR-26-4-Lupu.pdf,"This article focuses on the cooperation between intelligence officials and decision-makers in the briefing process, by juxtaposing theory with practice. It aims to analyse the process of cooperation from a dual perspective, in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of briefing, to identify the factors that influence the process and, in the end, to offer suggestions for cooperation improvement. Communication in this area is essential not only for the two actors and the organizations they represent, but for citizens and for national security as well. The paper begins by distinguishing between information and intelligence, with the relationship between intelligence officials and decision-makers through the briefing process, in order to highlight the necessity and importance of cooperation and to establish at the same time a theoretical basis. It continues with the advantages and disadvantages of briefing and of direct cooperation instead of sending the message without messenger, with the factors that prove to influence cooperation in practice. Last but not least, the article puts forward a series of suggestions for the improvement of cooperation. Ultimately, intelligence efficiency depends on both the decision and decisionmakers. Direct and indirect cooperation is influenced in practice by objective and subjective factors, by the harmonization of the two different groups, by the availability of decision makers, by an intelligence and political culture, by a cooperation based on mutual trust, by paying attention to the intelligence provided, as well as to the messenger, and by reducing the all-knowing perception of decision-makers",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XHDWQDYR,2021-12-01,Madalina-Elena Lupu,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T13:31:15Z,['B4CCZ7Y8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6694,MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS PERSPECTIVES IN THE POST COVID-19 ERA,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RISR-26-1-Kokoskov.pdf,"In its basic thesis, this paper presents medical intelligence (MEDINT) as a specific platform of intelligence work, its historical development, and transfer from the military to the civilian intelligence sector, as well as its transformations from the Cold War period to the present day. It also points out the key features of the application of traditional intelligence methods for the purpose of MEDINT. By setting MEDINT in the context of the current Covid-19 pandemic, we aim to show how the intelligence community contributed to the effective health crisis response by applying certain intelligence tools: epidemiological surveillance, gathering relevant intelligence, targeted counterintelligence and epidemiological contact tracing. The aim of this paper is to anticipate the consequences of the Covid-19 crisis on the future of the global security environment, and to point out new perspectives. It is undeniable that the Covid-19 crisis has imposed the need for medical intelligence to adapt to the new security reality. This process implies not only further development of specific resources (in accordance with MEDINT criteria), but also external connection with professional and academic communities, as well as continuous monitoring of activities that carry a certain risk to public health (dual use research). Eventually, it is especially important for the intelligence sector to build different models of international cooperation that can be crucial in the effective response to global health security threats, such as a pandemic",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GBUBUJDK,2021-12-01,Nenad S. Kokoskov,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T12:39:54Z,['N8VR3BYE'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6695,ANALYSIS OF FRANCE’S NATIONAL ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/RISR-26-3-Ungureanu.pdf,"The paper analyses the architecture of the national economic intelligence system of the French Republic, evaluating its degree of compliance in relation with a set of 12 specific characteristics for an efficient economic intelligence system. The analysis is made using the CODV tool of Six-Sigma. The study validates to what extent France’s national security strategy sets out directions to strengthen economic security. At the same time, the article analyses if the architecture of the national economic intelligence system facilitates efforts correlation within the intelligence community and whether the cooperation between the national economic intelligence system’s entities categories can be realised. Subsequently, it is analysed whether the economic intelligence system is an integrated component of the national intelligence system, whether it allows all sources analysis and whether it facilitates the use of new technologies through intelligence cycle stages. Following the above steps, it is finally determined with what efficiency the France’s economic intelligence system can provide support information needed to increase the competitiveness of the national economy. Thus, analysing areas in which the French economic intelligence system performs, were identified some good practices that can be the basis for proposals to increase the efficiency of the national economic intelligence system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9FLX2A5I,2021-12-01,Gabriel-Traian Ungureanu,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T12:50:41Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6696,"A RARELY USED SOURCE FOR THE “PHONEY WAR”. THE SECRET FRENCH DOCUMENTS FOUND BY GERMAN SOLDIERS AT LA CHARITÉ-SUR-LOIRE ON JUNE 19TH, 1940",Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/5_-L_Barentzen.pdf,"Germany justified the April 9, 1940, attack on Norway and Denmark by claiming that Great Britain and France were planning an intervention in Scandinavia. After the defeat of France, German soldiers found on June 19, 1940, by chance, in abandoned railroad cars in La Charité-sur-Loire, many French secret documents which Berlin saw as a confirmation of this claim. The German Foreign Ministry in 1941 published 70 of these documents in Denmark and in other occupied countries including France. These texts were used in press articles and in some official speeches. This paper describes the circumstances of the capture and argues that the documents are genuine and may, with caution, be used as historical evidence, although the 1941 publication was indeed propaganda. A small number of the documents are presented in some detail. The German publication has apparently not been used by Danish historians, but a few post-war historians in Great Britain, the USA, France and Germany have made use of the “captured French documents” and have discussed their historical value. This paper argues that they are important for understanding the course of the war in early 1940, the period known as “The Phoney War”.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UHAXMYQM,2022,Lars Baerentzen,National Institute for Intelligence Studies,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T12:37:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6697,UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF EXPERT AND INDEPENDENT INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT IN LIGHT OF RECENT TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN DATA COLLECTION: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/1_-Paicu-S.pdf,"The Snowden revelations concerning the use of bulk surveillance have uncovered shortcomings in the existing intelligence oversight architectures in several leading democracies and confronted them with a variety of new challenges generated by rapid technological advances. The impact of the disclosures has also been reflected in scholarship, namely in the way intelligence oversight is being reconceptualized as a broader form of governance beyond legal compliance. This article examines the case of the UK and investigates instances when the two main oversight institutions, namely IPCO and the ISC, have been shaping the public debate through their published reports and their engagement with civil society actors. The paper argues that oversight institutions are better equipped for shaping the democratic debate on bulk surveillance than any other societal actors due to their configuration of institutional features and statutory power. Empowering existing or creating new independent oversight entities with access to classified information and reliant on technical expertise is the way forward for democratic governance of intelligence services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4XCAUFAY,2022-07-01,Silviu Cristian Paicu,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T12:33:48Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6698,Motivation for Intelligence-Service Work - The German Democratic Republic State-Security History and Memory in Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/RISR-1-29-23-05_Enbergs.pdf,"Though the interest in the motivation behind intelligence work is great, hardly any empirical investigations have been published. This may be due to the subject itself being difficult to research. Intelligence services, secret police and the police hardly report openly on such matters, especially considering their reluctance to expose their conspiratorial personnel in academic investigations. Included in the findings published by “experts” are mostly testimonials and evaluations from criminal proceedings involving informers, which, under empirical aspects, hardly lead to valid results. The group of defendants poses only an exposed minority, presumably aware of its advantage in criminal law, and consequently unlikely to venture more “primitive” motives. The greater number of testimonials, mostly communist and post-communist memoirs, is similarly unhelpful since the former agents, messengers or spies emphasise their ideals as motivation. In contrast, the confidants tending",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XC5JPT7E,2023,Helmut Muller-Enbergs,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T08:34:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6699,The Imperatives of Reshaping the Nature of Intelligence to Address the 21st Century Security Challenges Intelligence and Security in the 21st Century,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/RISR-1-29-23-03_Leucea.pdf,"Highlighted even in the Bible within the famous episode of liberation of Israelites from Pharaoh’s slavery under the leadership of prophet Moses, intelligence as an action of collecting information about enemy for the purpose of creating an advantage for own side or as a way of fortifying own security has constituted a realm of ideas from immemorial time. Many scholars illustrated different examples and gave different reasons for researching the paradigm of intelligence yet the aspect less emphasized was the importance of connecting and discussing intelligence in relation with the effectiveness of diplomatic and military undertakings correlated to specific strategic cultural and geopolitical contexts. This paper discusses the importance of reshaping intelligence in accordance with the 21st century security challenges and indicates that intelligence should suffer profound transformations for the purpose of backing the settings of nations’ foreign policies according to their desired geo-strategic status. Overall, intelligence might be nowadays the silver bullet reaching the minds of soldiers, society and policymakers for a secured world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y9KDABU9,2023-07-01,"Ioana Leucea, Adrian Popa",,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T08:34:05Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6700,From Intelligence Gathering to Cyber Threat Detection Cyberintelligence,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/RISR-1-29-23-01_Antonio_VH.pdf,"Intelligence plays a key role in the detection and neutralisation of threat actors in cyberspace, particularly when dealing with advanced ones. However, the relationship between intelligence and the final detection capabilities is not well–defined in most cases. Even the role of information gathering disciplines, which are the basis of intelligence and therefore of cyber intelligence, is confusing and not consensual between authors. In this work we contextualize intelligence gathering disciplines in the cyber intelligence arena. We discuss the role of all of these disciplines in the characterization of advanced threat actors, from the strategic to the tactical views. Once characterization has been performed, we analyse the detection capabilities that intelligence provides, in the form of indicators of compromise, both low–level and behavioural ones. Following this approach, in this work we are defining the road from initial intelligence gathering to threat detection.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZLGCRRD5,2023-07-01,"Antonio Villalon-Huerta, Ismael Ripoll-Ripoll, Hector Marco-Gisbert",,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T08:21:56Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6701,"Intelligence Analysis and the CIA - A Historical Perspective. The Doings, the Critics, and the Unexpected Dissolution of ORE - Office of Reports and Estimates (1947-1950)",Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/RISR-2-30-23-7_DRoman.pdf,"Intelligence analysis is inextricably linked to the CIA, where it was established and developed as a specific professional activity. Based on a short-lived experience, accumulated during World War II, the CIA’s first analytical structure, the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE), faced the difficulty of producing intelligence products on the new security environment of the early Cold War period, with the focus on the threat posed by the USSR.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XVHLJC7P,2023-12-01,Dan Roman,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T08:02:40Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6702,Open Source Intelligence: An Overview of Today's Operational Challenges and Human Rights Affected as a Consequence,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/RISR-2-30-23-1_AinaraBordesPerez.pdf,"Open Sources Intelligence’s (OSINT) landscape has gone through a rapid evolution in the information era. Volumes of open-source information have never been so broad and high, and today’s technology is able to monitor interesting topics, contrast and match new data with old, spot early signs and discover previously unknowns, patterns and relationships at a level never seen before. This has not gone unnoticed by Law enforcement authorities (LEAs) and intelligence services (SISs), which, slowly but steadily, have embraced this new environment. OSINT is today exploited by LEAs and SISs for all types of intelligence needs, starting from (near) situational awareness, to investigatory and preventive purposes. The rapid evolution has, nevertheless, created new, and exacerbated existing operational challenges. Assessing reliability against online data manipulation and disinformation has become a great challenge in the Internet era. While advanced technology is needed to extract and analyse the sheer volumes of data, measuring the outcome of these tools is not easy due to difficulties in traceability, pre-existing human and algorithmic bias, the institutions’ need for secrecy and the existing opacity around the vendors and their products. All those challenges can result in inaccurate OSINT products being later used for decision-making. Those, when used by SISs and LEAs, can affect by extension human rights such as the right to freedom from discrimination and the right to a fair trial. This article analyses those operational challenges and their subsequent impacts on human rights. It does so by doing a comprehensive literature review on the topic through academic articles, national and international institutional reports, and newspaper articles. The study focuses on concrete problematic activities involving the creation and use of current OSINT products and describes examples that are not limited to one jurisdiction. Structuring both the OSINT operational challenges and their subsequent impacts on human rights is the novelty of this article. While some academics have addressed several of those challenges affecting advanced mining technologies overall, addressing the operational challenges and their impacts from a single focal point – OSINT, is novel. Addressing them in a structured manner is a necessary first step to carve up the landscape for a potential subsequent legislative evaluation of how to address those operational challenges and their impacts on human rights",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZBHMXZKS,2023-12-01,Ainara Bordes Perez,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T08:06:51Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'LXMU5UXP']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6703,Christofascism - An unprecedented threat to intelligence services in the interwar period,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/RISR-2-30-23-6_AIordache.pdf,"The main themes covered in this study concern the relationship between the farright nationalist movement and religion in Interwar Romania, following the transformations that occurred in the political and legal status of the representative institutions, in the sense of protecting their own identities and objectives, as well as in the direction of obtaining a role as important as possible at the decision-making table in the state. Also, relying on the analysis of the recently declassified documentary fund in the Romanian Intelligence Service Archive, I have aimed to obtain a well-documented answer regarding the way in which the religious rhetoric promoted by radical groups in the Legionary Movement amplified the adversity towards the authorities - whether they were military, intelligence, political or religious – sometimes leading to violent disputes with them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YPVN958P,2023-12-01,Alexandru Iordache,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2024-01-02T08:12:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6704,"The Big Three Allies and the European Resistance: Intelligence, Politics, and the Origins of the Cold War, 1939-1945",Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-big-three-allies-and-the-european-resistance-9780198826347,"While the Big Three and their continental Allies fought against Nazi Germany, another war was under way on the continent: the war to shape the political landscape of post-war Europe. In the Balkans, the war overlapped with political and ethnic conflicts, engulfing the region in bloody civil wars. In Central and Eastern Europe, partisan movements engaged the Germans without losing sight of the danger posed by the arrival of the Red Army. In France and in Italy, the adoption of the slogans of national liberation provided the communist parties with a formidable democratic legitimacy, which established them as key players in the political lives of their countries. The British and the Americans worked to stir up, support, control, and direct these resistance groups. London created the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and Washington the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), both of whom sent agents into occupied Europe to liaise directly with the guerilla groups. Through the Comintern, Moscow carefully coordinated the actions of the European communist parties with the foreign policy of the Soviet Union, which was acting for the first time as a key player in the arena of international relations. The forests and the mountains where the partisans were fighting the Germans soon became a major part of the proxy war that the Big Three waged to shift the post-war geopolitical balance in their favour. Looking for the first time at the Big Three in a comparative study and spanning Europe from Yugoslavia to Poland, from Greece to France and Italy, this book vividly depicts and sharply analyses how this proxy war shaped the history of the post-war settlement. In so doing, Piffer deftly connects high political histories with history from below, making the book important reading for all those interested in the history of the war and cold war, communism and Resistance, and diplomacy and intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JF6423HS,2024-01-11,Tommaso Piffer,Oxford University Press,,2024-01-02T07:57:49Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6705,Critical review of the Analysis of Competing Hypotheses technique: Lessons for the intelligence community,Preprint,https://osf.io/an32t,"Intelligence communities regularly produce important assessments that inform policymakers. The Analysis of Competing Hypotheses technique (ACH) is one of the most widely-touted methods for improving the accuracy of those assessments. But does ACH work? This critical review identified seven articles describing six experiments testing ACH. The results indicate ACH—as a whole—has little to no overall benefit on judgment quality, and may even harm it, even though some aspects of ACH might be beneficial. We consequently discourage intelligence organizations from mandating the training or use of ACH, and we recommend greater integration of science into intelligence practices, in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K5JZMK4A,2023-12-31,"John Wilcox, David R. Mandel",,,2023-12-31T23:53:09Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.31234/osf.io/an32t,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4376114201,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376114201,2023.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://psyarxiv.com/an32t/download,0.0 6706,See It/Shoot It: The Secret History of the CIA’s Lethal Drone Program,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300218541/see-itshoot-it,"An illuminating study tracing the evolution of drone technology and counterterrorism policy from the Reagan to the Obama administrations This eye-opening study uncovers the history of the most important instrument of U.S. counterterrorism today: the armed drone. It reveals that, contrary to popular belief, the CIA’s covert drone program is not a product of 9/11. Rather, it is the result of U.S. counterterrorism practices extending back to an influential group of policy makers in the Reagan administration. Tracing the evolution of counterterrorism policy and drone technology from the fallout of Iran-Contra and the CIA’s “Eagle Program” prototype in the mid-1980s to the emergence of al-Qaeda, Fuller shows how George W. Bush and Obama built upon or discarded strategies from the Reagan and Clinton eras as they responded to changes in the partisan environment, the perceived level of threat, and technological advances. Examining a range of counterterrorism strategies, he reveals why the CIA’s drones became the United States’ preferred tool for pursuing the decades-old goal of preemptively targeting anti-American terrorists around the world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5TCPV249,2017-06-06,Christopher J. Fuller,Yale University Press,,2023-12-31T01:41:31Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6707,"CIA at 75: roundtable on the past, present and future of the Central Intelligence Agency",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2023.2279408,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P35V53KN,2023-11-15,"Christopher R. Moran, Kate Vigurs, Richard J. Aldrich, Andrew Hammond, James Lockhart, Ronan Mainprize",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2023-12-31T01:38:38Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/16161262.2023.2279408,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388699489,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/180763/1/WRAP-CIA-75-Moran-2023.pdf, 6708,The Listeners: A History of Wiretapping in the United States,Book,https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674249288,"They’ve been listening for longer than you think. A new history reveals how—and why.Wiretapping is nearly as old as electronic communications. Telegraph operators intercepted enemy messages during the Civil War. Law enforcement agencies were listening to private telephone calls as early as 1895. Communications firms have assisted government eavesdropping programs since the early twentieth century—and they have spied on their own customers too. Such breaches of privacy once provoked outrage, but today most Americans have resigned themselves to constant electronic monitoring. How did we get from there to here?In The Listeners, Brian Hochman shows how the wiretap evolved from a specialized intelligence-gathering tool to a mundane fact of life. He explores the origins of wiretapping in military campaigns and criminal confidence games and tracks the use of telephone taps in the US government’s wars on alcohol, communism, terrorism, and crime. While high-profile eavesdropping scandals fueled public debates about national security, crime control, and the rights and liberties of individuals, wiretapping became a routine surveillance tactic for private businesses and police agencies alike.From wayward lovers to foreign spies, from private detectives to public officials, and from the silver screen to the Supreme Court, The Listeners traces the long and surprising history of wiretapping and electronic eavesdropping in the United States. Along the way, Brian Hochman considers how earlier generations of Americans confronted threats to privacy that now seem more urgent than ever.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WQNBIZB9,2022-08-22,Brian Hochman,Harvard University Press,,2023-12-31T01:22:43Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6709,An Eighteenth-Century Turkish Intelligence Report,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/an-eighteenthcentury-turkish-intelligence-report/10E867FC5B4909098BA8E188348EB1F5,"Man has always sought to acquire information regarding his enemies, rivals, even allies, in order to understand their motivations, predict their actions, and behave according to the best of his own interests. In the Bible, we are told that Yahveh ordered Moses to send spies to the land of Canaan. Sun-Tzu's treatise on war, written five centuries B.C., comprises a chapter on intelligence. Leo VI's Taktika insist upon the importance of intelligence, while the Thousand and One Nights contains numerous accounts of Byzantine intelligence operations. Thanks to his spy-networks, the Mongol ruler Subotaï was well aware of conditions prevailing in Christian Europe. Moctezuma's spies kept him well informed as to the strength and whereabouts of the Spanish invaders. Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth l's chancellor, had set up a formidable intelligence service. As Hobbes put it, “spies are no less important to the sovereign than rays of light to the human soul for the discernment of visible objects.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SK2I2D64,1984-11-01,Percy Kemp,Cambridge University Press,International Journal of Middle East Studies,2023-12-27T18:12:59Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1017/S0020743800028531,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2053365769,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2053365769,2013.0,2025.0,1984.0,,29.0 6710,The Problem of Secret Intelligence,Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-the-problem-of-secret-intelligence.html,Systematically develops a new concept of intelligence as a cognitive activity that needs to be understood holistically,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/54XTGQUM,2021-02-01,Kjetil Anders Hatlebrekke,Edinburgh University Press,,2023-12-27T18:09:47Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6711,The future of foreign intelligence and covert action as tools of Australian statecraft,Journal article,https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.857669998985602,"The end of the War in Afghanistan in 2021 marked the close of a two-decade period of Australian military deployments to the Middle East in support of American-led anti-terrorism counter insurgency campaigns. For Australia's primary covert foreign intelligence collection agencies (the Australian Signals Directorate and the Australian Secret Intelligence Service) this era meant that a significant portion of their resources for intelligence collection and covert action were focused on supporting otherwise overt military operations and special operations, namely prioritising counter-terrorism and hostage recovery. With this period of military deployments concluded, Australia's overwhelming strategic priority is now well and truly to address the multi-faceted great power competition between the People's Republic of China and the United States for hegemony of the Indo-Pacific. This competition is being characterised by so-called 'grey zone' activities short of open conflict. Indeed economic, information, political, and psychological campaigns are set to be the offensive and defensive measures of choice for these competing powers and their allies for many years to come. However, it remains unclear to what extent Australia will be willing and able to adjust its structures and capabilities to perform foreign intelligence collection and covert action in this more complex and riskier strategic environment. This paper will explore the technological and operational challenges arising from this new era that will impact foreign intelligence collection by Australian agencies. It will also outline the strategic demand for new forms of covert action that Australia will have to choose whether or not to engage in. It is in outlining these choices - of performing intelligence collection and covert action in a riskier, less militarised environment - that this paper will draw attention to the ethical and capability challenges that Australia's national security community will be forced to address in this new era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/343MS6G4,2022-06,William Stolz,Australian Institute of Professional Intelligence Officers,Journal of the Australian Institute of Professional Intelligence Officers,2023-12-27T18:07:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK']",10.3316/informit.857669998985602,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6712,"Soviet Defectors: Soviet Defectors: Revelations of Renegade Intelligence Officers, 1924-1954",Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-soviet-defectors.html,An analysis of the insider information and insights that over eighty Soviet intelligence officer defectors revealed during the first half of the Soviet period,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IHIUVY3U,2022-05-01,Kevin P. Riehle,Edinburgh University Press,,2023-12-27T18:06:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6713,Outsourcing US Intelligence: Contractors and Government Accountability,Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-outsourcing-us-intelligence.html,"Explores the evolving role of contractors in the US Intelligence Community, particularly after the Cold War",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/86CE9DA9,2021-02-01,Damien Van Puyvelde,Edinburgh University Press,,2023-12-27T18:04:18Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6714,"Strategic Warning Intelligence: History, Challenges, and Prospects",Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Strategic-Warning-Intelligence,"John A. Gentry and Joseph S. Gordon update our understanding of strategic warning intelligence analysis for the twenty-first century. Strategic warning—the process of long-range analysis to alert senior leaders to trending threats and opportunities that require action—is a critical intelligence function. It also is frequently misunderstood and underappreciated. Gentry and Gordon draw on both their practitioner and academic backgrounds to present a history of the strategic warning function in the US intelligence community. In doing so, they outline the capabilities of analytic methods, explain why strategic warning analysis is so hard, and discuss the special challenges strategic warning encounters from senior decision-makers. They also compare how strategic warning functions in other countries, evaluate why the United States has in recent years emphasized current intelligence instead of strategic warning, and recommend warning-related structural and procedural improvements in the US intelligence community. The authors examine historical case studies, including postmortems of warning failures, to provide examples of the analytic points they make. Strategic Warning Intelligence will interest scholars and practitioners and will be an ideal teaching text for intermediate and advanced students.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FVPG8DHP,2019-03-01,"John A. Gentry, Joseph S. Gordon",Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T17:58:50Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6715,Forward to the past?: Weigh covert options in Afghanistan carefully,Blog post,,"Is “Charlie Wilson’s War” due a sequel? The movie, like the book that inspired it, recounted the flamboyant congressman’s role in escalating America’s war in Afghanistan during the 1980s. Through one of the CIA’s largest covert action programs, the United States supplied huge amounts of arms and money to the mujahedeen, who bravely fought the Soviet army and ultimately drove it out of Afghanistan. With that country now under the control of another brutal authoritarian regime, some in Washington argue it’s time to dust off the 1980s covert action playbook.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YRQXHEXS,2021-09-14,"Tom Waldman, Rory Cormac",,,2023-12-27T17:54:08Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6716,"British “Black” Productions: Forgeries, Front Groups, and Propaganda, 1951–1977",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01087,"Recently declassified archival materials reveal that the United Kingdom conducted a sustained program of so-called black propaganda at the height of the Cold War. This article examines roughly 350 operations in which the British government spread propaganda through forgeries and front groups. Placing the campaign in its broader global history, the article demonstrates that British black propaganda mainly targeted Soviet activity in Africa and Asia as part of the postcolonial battle for influence. The British government engaged in black propaganda far more often than has previously been kown, including aggressive operations seeking to disrupt, attack, and sow chaos as much as simply to expose lies. Although much of the content was broadly accurate, the fake sources deliberately deceived audiences in order to encourage a reaction, incite violence, or foment racial tensions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G6QILWF3,2022-09-02,Rory Cormac,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2023-12-27T17:53:12Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1162/jcws_a_01087,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4294310515,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4294310515,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/6295895,1.0 6717,The Third Option: Covert Action and American Foreign Policy,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-third-option-9780197604410,"Loch Johnson's new book explores the subject of covert action, often referred to as a ""Third Option"" between America's use of diplomacy and warfare---a shadowy approach to international affairs based on the controversial use of secret propaganda, political activities, economic sabotage, and paramilitary operations (whether clandestine warfare or assassinations). The three major instruments that guide United States foreign policy are the Treaty Power, the War Power, and the Spy Power. Within the category of Spy Power is the ""Third Option"" the use of covert action. Ever since the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947, the US has often turned to the third option in the conduct of its international relations. This controversial approach includes covert propaganda campaigns, subversive political activities, economic sabotage, and paramilitary operations ranging from clandestine warfare to the assassination of foreign leaders. From the beginning of the Cold War to the present day, America's intelligence and national security agencies have employed all of these ""third option"" tools in order to advance America's global interests.In The Third Option, the eminent national security scholar Loch Johnson provides a history of American covert warfare from 1947 to the present. In particular, he focuses on the morality and consequences of America's heavily veiled attempts to shape global affairs through its covert actions. Over the course of the book, a fundamental question comes into focus: Of what value has the Third Option been to the US as a complement to the nation's more open battlefield and diplomatic initiatives? Just as importantly, Johnson exposes the conflict between this controversial approach to achieving America's international objectives and the ideals that the US has always propounded: democracy, human rights, and liberalism. The Third Option closes with a sharp assessment of the policy, measuring its failures versus its successes. A richly detailed synthesis of America's covert action program ever since it became the world's preeminent power, this book serves as an ideal introduction for anyone interested in US foreign and national security policy. , Loch Johnson's new book explores the subject of covert action, often referred to as a ""Third Option"" between America's use of diplomacy and warfare---a shadowy approach to international affairs based on the controversial use of secret propaganda, political activities, economic sabotage, and paramilitary operations (whether clandestine warfare or assassinations). The three major instruments that guide United States foreign policy are the Treaty Power, the War Power, and the Spy Power. Within the category of Spy Power is the ""Third Option"" the use of covert action. Ever since the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947, the US has often turned to the third option in the conduct of its international relations. This controversial approach includes covert propaganda campaigns, subversive political activities, economic sabotage, and paramilitary operations ranging from clandestine warfare to the assassination of foreign leaders. From the beginning of the Cold War to the present day, America's intelligence and national security agencies have employed all of these ""third option"" tools in order to advance America's global interests.In The Third Option, the eminent national security scholar Loch Johnson provides a history of American covert warfare from 1947 to the present. In particular, he focuses on the morality and consequences of America's heavily veiled attempts to shape global affairs through its covert actions. Over the course of the book, a fundamental question comes into focus: Of what value has the Third Option been to the US as a complement to the nation's more open battlefield and diplomatic initiatives? Just as importantly, Johnson exposes the conflict between this controversial approach to achieving America's international objectives and the ideals that the US has always propounded: democracy, human rights, and liberalism. The Third Option closes with a sharp assessment of the policy, measuring its failures versus its successes. A richly detailed synthesis of America's covert action program ever since it became the world's preeminent power, this book serves as an ideal introduction for anyone interested in US foreign and national security policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9268ECMS,2022-01-06,Loch K. Johnson,Oxford University Press,,2023-01-26T10:15:19Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6718,Covert Action and Plausible Denial,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/intelligence-9780197667064,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VMAMLNDH,2022-12-15,"Rory Cormac, Richard J. Aldrich",Oxford University Press,,2023-12-27T17:49:25Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,"Intelligence: The Secret World of Spies, An Anthology",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6719,Covert action failure and fiasco construction: William Hague’s 2011 Libyan venture,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1291709,"In 2011 William Hague, then British Foreign Secretary, authorized Special Forces to enter Libya and contact rebels opposed to Muammar Gaddafi in the unfolding civil war. However, its members were detained by the rebels and ejected from the country. This article puts the literature on public policy failures into dialogue with that on covert action as a tool of foreign policy. It asks: why did this not develop into a fully fledged policy fiasco when journalists and politicians judged it to have been a major error of judgement on Hague’s part? Using narrative analysis of the contemporary reporting of this incident, we argue that the government – possessing the advantage of information asymmetry accruing from operational secrecy – was able to win the battle of narratives in a frame contestation process. The article reflects on how the study of information asymmetry can enhance the recently revivified research into foreign policy failures.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/497CTXUG,2018-05-04,"Rory Cormac, Oliver Daddow",Routledge,Journal of European Public Policy,2023-12-27T17:46:33Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/13501763.2017.1291709,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2587939284,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2587939284,2020.0,2025.0,2017.0,http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39757/,3.0 6720,"The currency of covert action: British special political action in Latin America, 1961-64",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2020.1852937,"At the start of the 1960s, the UK embarked on a programme of covert action in Latin America. This appears puzzling: the UK was overstretched; Latin America fell outside its area of strategic interest; and UK covert action was dwarfed by that of the US. After revealing this activity for the first time, this article argues that the UK turned to covert action for reasons beyond orthodox explanations of reducing threats in a plausibly deniable manner. Instead, policymakers recognised the currency of covert action in the Anglo-American relationship and in generating trade with emerging economies in Latin America.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/746YLW6N,2022-11-10,Rory Cormac,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2023-12-27T17:46:05Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/01402390.2020.1852937,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3110118930,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3110118930,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,,1.0 6721,A Whitehall ‘Showdown’?: Colonial Office—Joint Intelligence Committee Relations in the Mid-1950s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2011.568776,"This article sheds light on the somewhat hostile relationship between the Colonial Office (CO) and the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) in the mid-1950s. Assessing the reforms recommended following a number of counterinsurgency difficulties, it discusses the role of the CO in the centralised intelligence assessment process. This article argues that relations between the CO and the JIC were underdeveloped and that reforms aimed to allow a greater coordination and a more active JIC input into colonial affairs. However, in doing so, the committee threatened to encroach into CO territory, bringing with it military conceptualisations of the Cold War and an allegedly narrow focus on communist subversion which marginalised more complex colonial problems. This resulted in the threat of a Whitehall ‘showdown’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YCQAR3I4,2011-06-01,Rory Cormac,Routledge,The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,2023-12-27T17:44:55Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/03086534.2011.568776,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2100506142,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2100506142,2012.0,2020.0,2011.0,,1.0 6722,"The Information Research Department, Unattributable Propaganda, and Northern Ireland, 1971–1973: Promising Salvation but Ending in Failure?*",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cew342,"This article examines the role of the Information Research Department (IRD) in Northern Ireland during the first half of the 1970s. After discussing British conceptualisations of propaganda, it offers a detailed account of IRD activity, including how a Foreign Office department came to be involved in operations on British soil; how IRD propaganda fitted into the broader British state apparatus in Northern Ireland; the activity in which the IRD was engaged—both in Northern Ireland and beyond; and some of the challenges it faced, which ultimately limited the campaign’s effectiveness. It argues that the IRD’s role was driven by decisions taken at the very top of government and took shape against a context of financial cuts, a deteriorating security situation in Northern Ireland, and a tradition of domestic propaganda in the UK. The IRD sought to advance four key themes: exploiting divisions within the IRA; undermining the IRA’s credibility amongst the population; linking the IRA to international terrorism; and portraying the IRA as communist.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VA5NTWSD,2016-10-01,Rory Cormac,,The English Historical Review,2023-12-27T17:44:14Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'V7KUA58M']",10.1093/ehr/cew342,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2493289088,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2493289088,2019.0,2023.0,2016.0,https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/807819,3.0 6723,Secret Intelligence and Economic Security: The Exploitation of a Critical Asset in an Increasingly Prominent Sphere,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.748366,"International economic issues have become a foremost government concern since the start of the global financial crisis, leaving economic security increasingly linked to more traditional concepts of national interest and politico-military security. This prioritization has been reflected in the recent requirements of the United Kingdom's intelligence and security actors. Yet, scholarly research has neglected the relationship between intelligence, international economics, and contemporary security policy. Taking current requirements as a catalyst, this article draws on contemporary British history to explore when intelligence can be used to protect economic security and when intelligence actors can best use economic measures to achieve broader politico-military goals. The use of secret intelligence in the economic sphere does, however, have certain limitations and it should therefore only be employed when necessary.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UGAPAMED,2014-01-02,Rory Cormac,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-27T17:43:23Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2012.748366,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061020114,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061020114,2019.0,2026.0,2013.0,,6.0 6724,Coordinating Covert Action: The Case of the Yemen Civil War and the South Arabian Insurgency,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2011.651534,"Focusing on British involvement in the 1960s Yemen Civil War, this article examines the centralised mechanisms developed in Whitehall to coordinate covert action interdepartmentally. It therefore sheds new light on London's security and intelligence machine and its input into clandestine operations. Drawing on recently declassified documents and interviews, it uncovers various important but secretive actors, which have been overlooked or misunderstood in the existing literature, and outlines their functions in the most detail yet available. In doing so, it considers how these bodies evolved in relation to competing threat assessments of the local situation and the impact they had on Britain's covert intervention in the theatre. This article assesses the utility of the system and argues that it provided an effective means to ensure that any covert action sanctioned was properly scrutinised so as to reduce risks and best meet national interests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/337GA489,2013-10-01,Rory Cormac,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2023-12-27T17:42:27Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/01402390.2011.651534,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2001441990,22.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2001441990,2014.0,2024.0,2012.0,,2.0 6725,"Much Ado About Nothing: Terrorism, Intelligence, and the Mechanics of Threat Exaggeration",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2012.667018,"Through its ability to transcend not only national boundaries but so too departmental jurisdictions and the traditional public-private security divide, the rise of international terrorism in the late 1960s and early 1970s posed a number of challenges to the British intelligence machinery which remain relevant today. This article focuses on the dangers and mechanics of threat exaggeration and the importance of intelligence coordination to ensure that threats are assessed and reports are disseminated in a realistic manner. Using the over-emphasised threat of maritime terrorism in 1970 as a case study, this article is able to examine the intelligence cycle as a whole and consider the importance of source validation, the dangers of incremental analysis, and the need for coordinated advice disseminated coherently to consumers both inside and outside of the government.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LCYJZJJ6,2013-07-01,Rory Cormac,Routledge,Terrorism and Political Violence,2023-12-27T17:41:45Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/09546553.2012.667018,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2054187033,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2054187033,2016.0,2026.0,2013.0,,3.0 6726,Organizing Intelligence: An Introduction to the 1955 Report on Colonial Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.537878,"This article introduces, places in historical context and publishes selected extracts from chapter one of the Report on Colonial Security, which deals specifically with intelligence organisation both in London and overseas. Written by General Sir Gerald Templer in 1955, the report (particularly the intelligence aspects) is significant for the following reasons: it highlights the centralized and colonial intelligence failures in a particularly frank and candid manner; it details channels of communication and liaison between London and the colonies which remain classified elsewhere; and it had a substantial impact on the subsequent reorganisation and reform of intelligence in Whitehall and across the British Empire.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GASCGJXL,2010-12-01,Rory Cormac,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-27T17:40:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2010.537878,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1980568857,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980568857,2013.0,2018.0,2010.0,,3.0 6727,Confronting the Colonies: British Intelligence and Counterinsurgency,Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/confronting-the-colonies/,"'An intelligent, authoritative and penetrating analysis of how spycraft impacts upon strategy. ... This book is essential reading for all those who want to understand the hidden world of low intensity conflict.' - Professor Richard J. Aldrich, author of GCHQ",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/236P6XFM,2013-09-01,Rory Cormac,Hurst & Co,,2023-12-27T17:39:26Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6728,African Intelligence Services: Early Postcolonial and Contemporary Challenges,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538150825/African-Intelligence-Services-Early-Postcolonial-and-Contemporary-Challenges,This edited collection explores African intelligence services from both scholarly and professional perspectives.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZHM2TPX,2021,Shaffer Ryan,Rowman & Littlefield,,2021-11-22T20:38:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6729,The Rebirth of Russian Spycraft,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/russian-federation/rebirth-russian-spycraft,How the Ukraine war has changed the game for the Kremlin’s operatives—and their Western rivals.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KJN86MAI,2023-12-27,"Andrei Soldatov, Irina Borogan",,Foreign Affairs,2023-12-27T17:00:46Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6730,"Intelligence Culture, Economic Espionage, and the Finnish Security Intelligence Service",Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V9UPX3MJ,2013,Lauri Holmström,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:18:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6731,Sweden: Intelligence the Middle Way,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LDLLRE3A,2013,Wilhelm Agrell,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:17:49Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6732,Intelligence Community Reforms: The Case of Argentina,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4BPUQQ85,2013,Eduardo E. Estévez,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:17:23Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6733,The Processes and Mechanisms of Developing a Democratic Intelligence Culture in Ghana,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W8G78VF9,2013,"Emmanuel Kwesi, Emma Birikorang, Ernest A. Lartey",Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:16:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6734,A Reconstruction of Japanese Intelligence: Issues and Prospects,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A7ZYVZCC,2013,Ken Kotani,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:15:56Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6735,Intelligence and Security-Sector Reform in Indonesia,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGWPZN3D,2013,"Peter Gill, Lee Wilson",Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:15:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6736,Iranian Intelligence Organizations,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U69EB25M,2013,Carl Anthony Wege,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:15:14Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6737,Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N4PUJK2V,2013,Rob Johnson,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:14:52Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6738,Origins of an Arab and Islamic Intelligence Culture,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VGTY8H8Y,2013,Abdulaziz Abdullah Al-Asmari,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:14:29Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6739,Protecting the New Rome: Byzantine Influences on Russian Intelligence,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L8IK53KB,2013,Kristian Gustafson,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:14:03Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6740,The Original Surveillance State: Kautilya’s Arthashastra and Government by Espionage in Classical India,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DHEEZLGK,2013,Philip H. J. Davies,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-27T13:13:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6741,Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere,Book,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Intelligence-Elsewhere,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PPF82GZS,2013,"Philip H. J. Davies, Kristian Gustafson",Georgetown University Press,,2021-11-15T20:39:11Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6742,Improving Intelligence Analysis: Bridging the Gap betweenScholarship and Practice,Journal article,https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol65/iss3/13,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PGKLWEGN,2018-03-20,Derek Reveron,,Naval War College Review,2023-12-27T11:16:54Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'H28QZ8XV']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6743,The next 100 years?: Reflections on the future of intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203071472-10/next-100-years-wilhelm-agrell,"The future, or rather the perception of the future, always tends to reflect the present, and our inability to take into account fundamental changes, even though history is made up of them, as is our limited ability to see the complex indirect consequences of technological, social and cultural change. The discussion of the future of intelligence has in past decades tended to reflect the dominating perceptions of the nature of security and threats, from the late Cold War paradigm of the 1980s. The century of intelligence represents a unique period in first of all European and North American history, fuelled by the combination of ideology, industrial technology and a fatal interpretation and employment of the Clausewitzian concept of war. The development of information technology and patterns of information exchange has been the single technological and social factor with the most direct impact on the conduct and potential of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TAC3I2JP,2014,Wilhelm Agrell,Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:15:56Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,The Future of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6744,Intelligence-led policing in Europe: Lingering between idea and implementation,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203071472-9/intelligence-led-policing-europe-monica-den-boer,"This chapter discusses the concept of Intelligence-led policing (ILP) as it is practised in the member states of the European Union (EU). The ambiguity of the concept may have consequences for the way in which ILP is welcomed and used in police agencies throughout Europe. ILP allows police organizations to create interconnections, both internally between police processes and externally with other (security) actors. In contrast, it may be conceivable that in the ILP model the police (and not the citizens or their elected representatives) determine crime-fighting priorities, which contrasts strongly with the spirit of the community policing model. Within the United Kingdom, it was particularly the Kent County Constabulary that was influential in spreading the concept of ILP. This came after the use of intelligence-led policing in Northern Ireland, where the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) had been involved in a long-term anti-terrorism campaign against the Irish Republican Army (IRA).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5PDL3LE4,2014,Monica den Boer,Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:14:59Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,The Future of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6745,European intelligence cooperation,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203071472-8/european-intelligence-cooperation-bj%C3%B6rn-f%C3%A4gersten,"This chapter discusses current European intelligence cooperation in various fields and analyses its background and challenges. The chapter provides an empirical overview of current European arrangements for intelligence cooperation, taking into account the changes brought about within the European Union by the Lisbon Treaty. It explains the development of cooperation and how it functions. It shows some of the broader implications arising from European intelligence cooperation, such as what intelligence scholars can learn from it and how it is likely to develop in the future. European intelligence system overview is organized according to the main functions these arrangements are intended to fulfl: supporting law enforcement, informing foreign and security policy, and societal protection. Information exchange takes place within the Secure Information Exchange Network Application (SIENA), a tool that enables the secure transfer of information between member states, Europol and third parties. In Europe, bilateral intelligence cooperation is most highly developed between those countries with extensive intelligence capacities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XNBPHYHX,2014,Björn Fägersten,Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:14:03Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,The Future of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6746,Analysing international intelligence cooperation: Institutions or intelligence assemblages?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203071472-7/analysing-international-intelligence-cooperation-jelle-van-buuren,"This chapter discusses various theoretical and conceptual strands to look at the European cross-border cooperation of intelligence and security actors. The chapter addresses the reality of international and hybrid intelligence cooperation by looking at it as intelligence assemblages, a concept that has also been used to study public-private security cooperation at the national and international level, and surveillance practices. The nodal governance of security is consisting of a plurality of decision centres in which no clear hierarchy between centres exists. The reflections on the unpredictability of change and the essential non-functionalist character of assemblages offer a link to a final concept useful for analysing international intelligence and security cooperation: the logic of practicality. The dominance in modern science of quantitative research, statistical causality, model building, generalization and abstract theorizing ensures that a turn towards practice not be without controversy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NKG2ZWLE,2014,Jelle van Buuren,Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:13:31Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,The Future of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6747,Is the US intelligence community anti-intellectual?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203071472-4/us-intelligence-community-anti-intellectual-mark-lowenthal,"The US intelligence community and its many critics both well intentioned and not have struggled to find ways to improve intelligence analysis. Although this chapter is primarily about US intelligence, it is worth noting that our British colleagues share an intellectual basis in their activities. The nature and longevity of the struggle with the Soviet Union also fostered a strong intellectual undergirding to intelligence. Several factors have led to what M. M. Lowenthal call the budding anti-intellectualism of intelligence. The most obvious was the victorious conclusion of the Cold War. Soviet studies became antiquarian and strategic studies seemed quaint at best. The Presidents Daily Brief (PDB) goes back to the Kennedy administration but the PDBs overwhelming importance in US intelligence stems from the George W. Bush administration. US intelligence would be better off, once again, in following the lead of the Army, which has the Center for Army Lessons Learned (CALL).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RWQJ268I,2014,Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:12:38Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,The Future of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6748,The future of counter-intelligence: The twenty-first-century challenge,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203071472-6/future-counter-intelligence-jennifer-sims,"This chapter focuses on the implications of technological trends and addresses these questions in four steps. First, the chapter reviews the conceptual foundations of counter-intelligence in order to distinguish them from those of positive intelligence and security. Second, it discusses the lessons and legacies of the Cold War in shaping modern counter-intelligence practices. Third, it discusses the technological and societal trends that pose particularly stiff challenges for counter-intelligence professionals. It concludes by summarizing the chief consequences of the challenges posed, and offers recommendations for practical steps to improve counter-intelligence in the coming decades. The purpose of counter-intelligence is to gain advantages over competitors by preventing them from acquiring decisive information. The twenty-first century is likely to be one in which transnational threats are accelerating, and law enforcement will be taking a larger place in the pantheon of national security agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZJVGDFE7,2014,Jennifer Sims,Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:11:42Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,The Future of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6749,The future of the intelligence process: The end of the intelligence cycle?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203071472-5/future-intelligence-process-arthur-hulnick,"The intelligence cycle model explains almost everywhere as an appropriate and accurate depiction of how intelligence systems function, is, in fact, neither appropriate nor accurate. The cycle model seems to have its origins in the growth of intelligence systems in the Second World War, and has been taught both in the US and in other countries. In both civilian and military intelligence, analysts work from an enormous existing database. During the Cold War only the most sophisticated and advanced intelligence systems could intercept communications or other electronic signals, mostly using satellites for the purpose. The main failing is that intelligence cycle model leaves out two of the key functions of intelligence: counter-intelligence (CI) and covert action (CA). Now most intelligence systems can engage in cyber espionage hacking is the more common term to penetrate an adversarys communications. The matrix model is a much more realistic model of the intelligence process.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VXBC6YWY,2014,Arthur S. Hulnick,Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:10:51Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,The Future of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6750,"The future of intelligence: Changing threats, evolving methods",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203071472/future-intelligence-ben-de-jong-isabelle-duyvesteyn-joop-reijn,"Nature of the threat has changed dramatically, from nation-states to non-state actors as the primary target. Cold War intelligence gave pride of place to secrets information gathered by human and technical means that intelligence owned. A Bayesian approach addresses some aspects of terrorism warning. The Jominian approach pervades how analysis is conducted and taught. Most assessments, like US National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs), provide a best estimate or key judgements. A Clausewitzian approach would rest, instead, on three principles: confidence and probability are different; content of information matters as much as reliability; and consequence matters in evaluating information and in constructing alternatives. Information technology is enabling new forms of collaboration within intelligence but also outside it: witness wikis and crowd sourcing. Social networking media are both a cause and a metaphor for the transparency that is rolling across both intelligence and policy science. A study of social media for the US National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) found: enthusiasm mixed with concern.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XK7PJ8SB,2014,Gregory F. Treverton,Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:09:26Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,The Future of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6751,"The future of intelligence: What are the threats, the challenges and the opportunities?",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203071472/future-intelligence-ben-de-jong-isabelle-duyvesteyn-joop-reijn,"Threats are emerges from so-called non-state actors, terrorists, organized criminals and cyber hackers, as much as from potential state aggression. Globalization of communications has sensitized social attitudes to issues such as famine and disease, international human rights, migration and immigration. Technology has continued to transform people lives and has raised new concerns over personal privacy in a digital age. The definition of intelligence purpose refers to decision-making and thus to actions people want to take and outcomes they want to see. The world of national security and intelligence takes a strongly rationalist Enlightenment stance based on the assumption of human improvement. At each link of the intelligence chain, well-known cognitive weaknesses appears to delay or distort connections that need to be made: intelligence studies literature is full of discussion of group think, mirror imaging, transferred judgements, confirmation bias and similar hiatuses. A traditional way of modelling intelligence knowledge is to make a distinction between estimates of capabilities and of intentions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VB8IRDLU,2014,David Omand,Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:08:35Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,The Future of Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6752,The Future of Intelligence: Challenges in the 21st century,Book,https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203071472,"This volume discusses the challenges the future holds for different aspects of the intelligence process and for organisations working in the field. The main focus of Western intelligence services is no longer on the intentions and capabilities of the Soviet Union and its allies. Instead, at present, there is a plethora of threats and problems that deserve attention. Some of these problems are short-term and potentially acute, such as terrorism. Others, such as the exhaustion of natural resources, are longer-term and by nature often more difficult to foresee in their implications. This book analyses the different activities that make up the intelligence process, or the ‘intelligence cycle’, with a focus on changes brought about by external developments in the international arena, such as technology and security threats. Drawing together a range of key thinkers in the field, The Future of Intelligence examines possible scenarios for future developments, including estimations about their plausibility, and the possible consequences for the functioning of intelligence and security services. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, strategic studies, foreign policy, security studies and IR in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HMBC2MLR,2014-03-24,"Isabelle Duyvesteyn, Ben de Jong, Joop Reijn",Routledge,,2023-12-27T11:07:30Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.4324/9780203071472,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2583608458,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2583608458,2017.0,2026.0,2014.0,,3.0 6753,What philosophy can do for intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076328,"Intelligence appears to be a pragmatic, or even cynical, profession. Any “practical” or “pragmatic” enterprise, however, contains implicit assumptions about purpose, priorities, ethics, and even moral constraints. At the highest theoretical level, intelligence involves unavoidable assumptions and presumptions about heuristics, the nature of truth, the definition of risk, and the possibility of a “scientific” approach to predictive analysis. This paper proposes that there is no single, “philosophy of intelligence,” but that the application of philosophy is critical for understanding what intelligence is, why we pursue intelligence, what limits expectations from intelligence, and what the normative constraints on intelligence should be.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/69I78YE8,2022-09-19,Terry C. Quist,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-27T11:06:17Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076328,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280527729,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280527729,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,,1.0 6754,A Snapshot of the U.S. Market for Intelligence Education,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/44327137,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W5WQ4TZA,2010,Stephen H. Campbell,National Military Intelligence Foundation,American Intelligence Journal,2023-12-27T11:05:33Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6755,THEORY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLIGENCE: KNOWLEDGE DRIVERS,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=562995,"Cooperation with academia is seen by intelligence theorists and practitionersalike as a way to support change management, improve analytic capabilities and bettercope with emerging challenges. Intelligence scholars often focus on ’big phenomena’such as social change, the shifting nature of threats or ethics in intelligence, whilepractitioners are concerned (in public statements, at least) with more mundane issuessuch as human resource management, workflow streamlining and establishing goodrapport with beneficiaries.Not even apparently clear-cut terms such as “strategic” bear the same meaningwithin the two groups: theorists seek to correlate social and organizational change,while practitioners are more interested in detecting risks and threats in their nascentstages so as to better prepare for “worst case” scenarios.Managing the knowledge production process is, unfortunately, a topic whichdoesn’t rank high with the intelligence community",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9E6PKJUX,2015,Cristina Posaștiuc,National Institute for Intelligence Studies,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2023-12-27T11:04:56Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6756,ACADEMIC INTELLIGENCE – A PLURIVALENT CONCEPT,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=831427,"In the current article we intend to analyze one of the concepts that has been increasingly debated in the international intelligence studies scholarship, but yet too scarcely presented in the scientific debates taking place in Romania – namely academic intelligence. Recently, Ion Grosu, Deputy Director of the Romanian Intelligence Service, has tackled this subject within a volume written by practitioners in the intelligence field, and identified three meanings of the concept: 1. leveraging the knowledge of researchers and other experts outside the intelligence community; 2. best practices and methodologies pertaining to different disciplines that have been adopted and adapted to the intelligence field; 3. the development of research and education in the intelligence field and the development of an intelligence academic discipline. Starting from the three meanings of the term that have been previously presented, we will then analyze different points of view of practitioners and scholars, evolutions and good practices, in an effort to underline the importance of the concept for the intelligence community and for improving the defense of the national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DZL7LVH5,2015,Oana-Andreea Sandu,Carol I National Defence University Publishing House,Strategic Impact,2023-12-27T11:04:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6757,Intelligence Collection and Analysis,Book chapter,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471686786.ebd0064.pub2,"To address the biological capabilities of terrorist groups, the Intelligence Community collects and analyzes information on terrorist abilities to acquire and produce biological agents, as well as information on what delivery mechanisms could be used to distribute these agents. The Intelligence Community is comprised of several different agencies and departments, all of which contribute to the collection and analysis of bioterrorism and biological warfare activities throughout the world. Three main components that currently provide focused attention on the bioterrorist threat are CIA's Weapons Intelligence, Nonproliferation, and Arms Control Center, the National Counterterrorism Center, and the National Counterproliferation Center.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5P92HMCK,2011,Jill Egan,"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd",,2023-12-27T11:01:08Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1002/0471686786.ebd0064.pub2,Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1554099187,0.0,False,,,,2011.0,, 6758,Director of Central Intelligence Counterterrorist Center,Book chapter,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/0471686786.ebd0040,"The U.S. intelligence community, a complicated amalgam of all or part of multiple agencies and departments, contributes to bioterrorism defense by covertly collecting information related to the bioterrorist threat overseas, integrating the disparate streams of intelligence via all-source analysis, and providing the finished intelligence analysis to national security decision makers involved in creating and implementing bioterrorism defense policies. Specifically, the intelligence community provides national security decision makers with information on both the biological weapons capabilities of terrorist groups and states and the intentions of those who might employ biological weapons to target the United States or its interests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BYTMF59D,2005,Stephen Marrin,"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd",,2023-12-27T11:00:29Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1002/0471686786.ebd0040,Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1572573045,0.0,False,,,,2005.0,, 6759,What Is Intelligence Studies?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2016.1150679,"In the second decade of the 21st century, the academic study of intelligence continues to develop apace, as evidenced by the growth in publishing, undergraduate and postgraduate academic courses that combine historical and social science approaches, the increase in undergraduate programs in intelligence analysis aimed at those seeking to enter the profession, and the development of professional training courses internationally. The idea of “intelligence studies” provides the overarching context, but among those working within the field, understandings vary as to precisely what it is or should be. This is an opportune moment to reflect on our approaches to the study of intelligence, the assumptions underpinning them, and how the study has evolved since the 1950s. In doing this, we identify three key questions that need to be considered: What is “intelligence studies”?; should it be considered to be, or should it aspire to become, a “discipline”?; and who is it for? This article offers answers to each of these questions and identifies the main areas of work within contemporary intelligence studies in terms of four projects: the research/historical, the definitional/methodological, the organizational/functional, and the governance/policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2W44FUV,2016-01-02,"Peter Gill, Mark Phythian",Routledge,"The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs",2023-12-27T10:58:32Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/23800992.2016.1150679,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2509735571,40.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2509735571,2016.0,2026.0,2016.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/What_is_Intelligence_Studies_/10131743,0.0 6760,National Assessment by the National Security Council Staff 1968–80: An American Experiment in a British Style of Analysis?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520903209407,"At a time of intense debate over the specific organizational arrangements of American national security agencies with new or refocused intelligence responsibilities, the relative proximity between intelligence producers and consumers is a key issue. Intelligence capabilities may have to be kept separate from decision-making because of organizational economies of scale and scope, but separation alone does not mean intelligence must be distant from decision-making. For example, the British style of analysis involves a much closer relationship between intelligence producers and consumers than exists in the American context. Efforts to improve the integration of intelligence into decision-making by closing the distance between them would do well to study the history and efficacy of this process as they look to create new ways of structuring the relationship between intelligence analysis and decision-making. Specifically, history demonstrates that the US National Security Council staff implemented a process in 1968 through 1980 that approximated the British style of analysis, and this may provide US policymakers with a model for bridging the gap between intelligence analysis and decision-making.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/53A3EABI,2009-10-01,"Stephen Marrin, Philip H.J. Davies",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-27T10:57:00Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684520903209407,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044603801,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044603801,2016.0,2026.0,2009.0,,7.0 6761,Bringing Intelligence About: Practitioners Reflect on Best Practices,Report,https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA476775,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LCEAL9YM,2003-05-01,Russell G. Swenson,,,2023-12-27T10:54:32Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6762,Evaluating CIA's Analytic Performance: Reflections of a Former Analyst,Journal article,https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030438713000082,"Many people point to high profile failures like 9/11 and Iraq as indicators that CIA's analytic performance is inadequate or flawed. Flawed by design.11Amy B. Zegart, Flawed By Design: The Evolution of the CIA, JCS, and NSC (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999). A legacy of ashes.22Tim Weiner, Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA (New York: Doubleday, 2007). A culture of failure.33John M. Diamond, The CIA and the Culture of Failure: U.S. Intelligence from the End of the Cold War (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2008). Or so goes the conventional wisdom. Fortunately this conventional wisdom is wrong. These so-called failures more accurately represent the perennial dilemmas and tradeoffs associated with the analytic function and, most importantly, the inappropriate expectation that these observers hold of CIA's ability to prevent surprises. As a matter of fact, there is much that people do not fully understand about the CIA.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q8VDVRWN,2013-03-01,Stephen Marrin,,Orbis,2023-12-27T10:52:44Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1016/j.orbis.2013.02.007,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2086024823,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2086024823,2019.0,2025.0,2013.0,,6.0 6763,Developing Intelligence Theory: New Challenges and Competing Perspectives,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780429028830/developing-intelligence-theory-peter-gill-stephen-marrin-mark-phythian,"Developing Intelligence Theory analyses the current state of intelligence theorisation, provides a guide to a range of approaches and perspectives, and points towards future research agendas in this field. Key questions discussed include the role of intelligence theory in organising the study of intelligence, how (and how far) explanations of intelligence have progressed in the last decade, and how intelligence theory should develop from here. Significant changes have occurred in the security intelligence environment in recent years—including transformative information technologies, the advent of ‘new’ terrorism, and the emergence of hybrid warfare—making this an opportune moment to take stock and consider how we explain what intelligence does and how. The material made available via the 2013 Edward Snowden leaks and subsequent national debates has contributed much to our understanding of contemporary intelligence processes and has significant implications for future theorisation, for example, in relation to the concept of ‘surveillance’. The contributors are leading figures in Intelligence Studies who represent a range of different approaches to conceptual thinking about intelligence. As such, their contributions provide a clear statement of the current parameters of debates in intelligence theory, while also pointing to ways in which the study of intelligence continues to develop. This book was originally published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T7C8Z4LP,2020-06-04,"Peter Gill, Stephen Marrin, Mark Phythian",Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:46:47Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.4324/9780429028830,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4255535039,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4255535039,2023.0,2024.0,2020.0,,3.0 6764,Intelligence Analysis: Structured Methods or Intuition?,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/44327067,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2A9BA66E,2007,Stephen Marrin,National Military Intelligence Foundation,American Intelligence Journal,2023-12-27T10:45:05Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6765,Improving Intelligence Analysis by Looking to the Medical Profession,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600590945434,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L4TBFVX2,2005-12-01,"Stephen Marrin, Jonathan D. Clemente",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-12-27T10:44:23Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600590945434,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2160039219,44.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2160039219,2013.0,2025.0,2005.0,,8.0 6766,A shock theory of congressional accountability for intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-33/shock-theory-congressional-accountability-intelligence-loch-johnson,"Scholars who have focused on intelligence accountability by lawmakers have found a system far less effective than reformers had hoped for when, in the aftermath of a domestic spy scandal, Congress tried to institute major improvements in 1974–76. 1 Similarly, a national panel of inquiry, the Kean Commission, concluded in 2004 that “congressional oversight for intelligence – and for counterterrorism – is now dysfunctional.” 2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/36HQXX97,2006,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:38:33Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6767,Intelligence and the rise of judicial intervention,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-32/intelligence-rise-judicial-intervention-fred-manget,"Perhaps the best way to give you a conception of our power and emplacement here is to note the state and national laws that we are ready to bend, break, violate, and/or ignore. False information is given out routinely on Florida papers of incorporation; tax returns fudge the real source of investment in our proprietaries; false flight plans are filed daily with the FAA; and we truck weapons and explosives over Florida highways, thereby violating the Munitions Act and the Firearms Act, not to speak of what we do to our friends Customs, Immigration, Treasury, and the Neutrality Act . . . As I write, I can feel your outrage. It is not that they are doing all that – perhaps it is necessary, you will say – but why . . . are you all this excited about it?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HGKS9G4Y,2006,Fred F. Manget,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:38:15Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6768,Intelligence accountability: Challenges for parliaments and intelligence services,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-31/intelligence-accountability-hans-born-thorsten-wetzling,"Today’s western derivates of the world’s second oldest profession 1 share the paradoxical task of operating in secret in order to defend an open society. Recent intelligence scandals have illustrated that democracies are not immune from the politicization of intelligence services by members of the executive or from illegal practices by members of the intelligence services. One can point to the British and US governments’ selective usage of intelligence assessments in the months before the Iraq war in 2003. The infamous “dodgy dossier” springs to mind, a UK government publication that inserted plagiarized excerpts from an academic source in an attempt to make the case for an imminent threat to international peace and security posed by Baghdad. The British intelligence community, the UK government claimed on numerous occasions, had fully endorsed the estimation that “Iraqi military are able to deploy chemical and biological weapons within 45 minutes of an order to do so”. 2 In a similar fashion, Colin Powell, former US Secretary of State, addressed the UN Security Council in March 2003 by saying: “[T]hese are not assertions. What we are giving you are facts and conclusions based on solid intelligence”. It was noted that, “at the very least, the case for the continued and threatening existence of WMD in Iraq was presented at a level of certainty quite unheard of in intelligence assessment”. 3",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JTUXRNRJ,2006,"Hans Born, Thorsten Wetzling",Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:37:06Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6769,Intelligence oversight in the UK: The case of Iraq,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-30/intelligence-oversight-uk-mark-phythian,"Oversight of intelligence in the UK has developed considerably since the late 1980s. Indeed, the government did not even admit to the peacetime existence of its principal internal security and external intelligence organisations – the Security Service (MI5) and the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) – until 1989 and 1992 respectively, even though both could trace their origins back to 1909. While select committees of the House of Commons secured only very limited co-operation from the executive branch in attempting to oversee the intelligence and security agencies, in 1994 the government established the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC), a committee of parliamentarians but not of Parliament, specifically to undertake this task.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HZNGAUNV,2006,Mark Phythian,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:36:39Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6770,The future of covert action,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-28/future-covert-action-john-prados,"There are observers who think the post-9/11 era offers the possibility for a new golden age of covert operations. With the Bush administration having unleashed an open-ended war on terrorism and the clear need to meet Al Qaeda and affiliated groups on their own level, the potential for covert action seems clear, its utility obvious. The steady buildup of military special operations forces and reinvigoration of the CIA’s Special Activities Division have provided fresh capability in this field. There are many possible locales for action. Certainly the Department of Defense under Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld has been pressing at the bit for the role, while the CIA declared war on terror as long ago as 1998 when George J. Tenet still headed the agency. So it seems foreordained that we can expect a vigorous covert campaign and the further expansion of the envelope.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QH8BW2PD,2006,John Prados,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:35:54Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6771,The role of covert action,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-27/role-covert-action-william-daugherty,"Covert action operations, essentially absent from public view since the large operations of the 1980s in Afghanistan and Central America, again began generating news early in the twenty-first century as the Central Intelligence Agency quickly assumed a major responsibility for prosecuting America’s war against terrorism. By the end of 2005 news media were reporting on numerous CIA activities, including identifying, capturing, and interrogating (or sometimes killing) members of Al-Qaeda and other terrorist elements threatening US interests worldwide. Once again, an American president had turned to covert action to further American national security objectives through programs intended to remain hidden from public view. In doing so, President George W. Bush followed precedents set by chief executives going back to George Washington and the origins of our nation. Yet, as always, legitimate disputes over the appropriateness and legality of covert action programs are complicated by a lack of knowledge about covert action in general and its role in supporting American foreign policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GQDJYBG8,2006,William J. Daugherty,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:35:33Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6772,Linus Pauling: A case study in counterintelligence run amok,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-26/linus-pauling-kathryn-olmsted,"During the Cold War, the United States fought a political, cultural, and technological struggle with the Soviet Union to prove its superiority and win the allegiance of citizens in non-aligned nations. The US government touted America’s abundance of consumer goods, its artistic achievements, its democratic freedoms, and its scientific discoveries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D9E4FMCY,2006,Kathryn S. Olmsted,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:35:11Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6773,Open source intelligence,Book chapter,,"Book Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Figures and Tables; Notes on Contributors; Glossary; Introduction; Part 1 The study of intelligence; 1 Sources and methods for the study of intelligence; 2 The American approach to intelligence studies; 3 The historiography of the FBI; 4 Intelligence ethics: Laying a foundation for the second oldest profession; Part 2 The evolution of modern intelligence; 5 The accountability of security and intelligence agencies; 6 ""Knowing the self, knowing the other"": The comparative analysis of security intelligence; 7 US patronage of German postwar intelligence., This topical volume offers a comprehensive review of secret intelligence organizations and activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3G7NHX8Z,2007,Robert David Steele,Taylor and Francis,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies.,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6774,Émigré intelligence reporting: Sifting fact from fiction,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-25/%C3%A9migr%C3%A9-intelligence-reporting-mark-stout,"The book Countdown to Terror by Congressman Curt Weldon describes an Iranian expatriate referred to only as “Ali” who offered the Congressman, and through him the CIA, information about the situation inside the closed regime in Iran. 1 “Ali” lived in Paris and reportedly was a former high-ranking official in the Shah’s government whose information derived from unspecified sub-sources. His information portrayed an Iran preparing to launch terrorist attacks against the continental United States, operating in cooperation with al Qaida, and on the verge of having a nuclear weapon. 2 However, his intelligence was not all doom and gloom. The secret apparatus of which “Ali” was a part was, he said, in contact with key clerics who were prepared to move against the government and establish a liberal democratic regime. 3",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PVZLAFUH,2006,Mark Stout,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:33:58Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6775,Counterintelligence failures in the United States,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-24/counterintelligence-failures-united-states-stan-taylor,"As the name suggests, counterintelligence is the process of countering the hostile intelligence activities of other states or foreign entities. The Counterintelligence Enhancement Act of 2002 requires counterintelligence to identify, assess, prioritize, and counter intelligence threats to the United States. The US Intelligence Community (IC) is made up of sixteen somewhat independent intelligence agencies, many with semi-autonomous sub-agencies, each of which is responsible for its own counterintelligence. 1 A National Counterintelligence Executive (NCIX) exists within the IC, but its function, according to its official web site is to “improve the performance of the counterintelligence (CI) community in identifying, assessing, prioritizing and countering intelligence threats to the United States; to ensure CI community efficiency and effectiveness, and to provide for the integration of the CI activities of the US Government.” Exactly how NCIX does this is not made clear, but it appears up to now that its primary power is hortatory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HDHEKD3P,2006,Stan A. Taylor,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:33:10Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6776,Cold War intelligence defectors,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-23/cold-war-intelligence-defectors-nigel-west,"The objective of every counter-intelligence organization is to identify, penetrate and then control or neutralize its adversary, and during the Cold War the opportunities afforded by intelligence defectors provided the principal protagonists with the most effective means of achieving their goals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GND4XGER,2006,Nigel West,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:32:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6777,Analysis for strategic intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-21/analysis-strategic-intelligence-john-hollister-hedley,"The cable news channel interrupts regular programming to switch to the capital of a Central Asian country. From the open window of a hotel in the city’s center, a reporter excitedly reports that shots are ringing out. Tanks are blocking the boulevard leading toward the presidential palace. The reporter thrusts a microphone from the window and, yes, we hear the shots. A hand-held camera pointing from the window shows the tanks. Yes, we see them, now filling the intersection. We hear screams and shouts. People are running. Explosions reverberate.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MK44RXBU,2006,John Hollister Hedley,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:32:13Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6778,Adding value to the intelligence product,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-20/adding-value-intelligence-product-stephen-marrin,"The value of finished intelligence analysis is not measured solely by its accuracy, but rather by the value it has for decisionmakers. This value, however, can change depending on the information needs of the decisionmaker. Unfortunately, the intelligence community has – for the most part – failed to incorporate different perspectives and approaches into its standard operating procedures for the creation of intelligence analysis, limiting the potential contributions that intelligence analysis can make to decisionmaking. Improving both the art and the science of intelligence analysis would better meet decisionmaker needs for information and knowledge by providing them with analysis that is more rigorous, scenarios that are more imaginative, and improved insights of the adversary derived from empathy rather than intellect.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BJ8KSV9W,2006,Stephen Marrin,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:31:44Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6779,Achieving all-source fusion in the Intelligence Community,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-19/achieving-source-fusion-intelligence-community-richard-russell,"The surprise attack of 9/11 is seen by many as a failure of the multitude of American intelligence agencies – collectively and euphemistically called the Intelligence Community (IC) – to funnel their separate intelligence collection streams into a common pool. These observers argue that had the various intelligence collection agencies shared their information more widely and deeply with sister intelligence agencies, analysts might have been better able to put together or “fuse” raw intelligence reports into a finished strategic intelligence assessment which could have warned more concretely President Bush and his key national security lieutenants of al-Qaeda’s plans and intentions. In post-9/11 parlance, this failure to fuse intelligence is commonly referred to as the failure to “connect the dots.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JA77XALG,2006,Richard L. Russell,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:31:14Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6780,Strategic warning: Intelligence support in a world of uncertainty and surprise,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-18/strategic-warning-jack-davis,"This chapter is colored by the bold and devastating 11 September 2001 attack by al-Qa’ida terrorists on the symbols of American power. Fear of another “9/11” – a surprise terrorist attack within the United States – has focused the attention of government leaders and the population at large on the centrality of effective warning intelligence to the protection of the national interest. The need for improved warning intelligence underlies both the recent sharp increase in the national investment in intelligence collection and analysis and a congressionally mandated reorganization of the Intelligence Community, namely the establishment of a Director of National Intelligence. Fear and hope are joined in the title of the 2004 legislation: The Intelligence Reform and Prevention of Terrorism Act.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/82RSAYUH,2006,Jack Davis,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:15:46Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6781,The challenges of economic intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-16/challenges-economic-intelligence-minh-luong,"Information regarding the state of critical industries, technologies, and future investments of other countries are among the most prized by intelligence services and their policymaking consumers. The term “economic intelligence” refers to policy or commercially relevant economic information, including technological data, financial, proprietary commercial, and government information, whose acquisition by foreign interests, either directly or indirectly, would assist the relative productivity or competitive position of the economy of the collecting organization’s country. Economic intelligence can be an important element in obtaining economic security for a nation. The vast majority of economic intelligence is legally gathered from open sources, involving no clandestine, coercive, or deceptive methods. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YS5LULXE,2006,Minh A. Luong,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:15:13Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6782,Adapting intelligence to changing issues,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-15/adapting-intelligence-changing-issues-paul-pillar,"The need to adjust US intelligence to address new, or newly salient, issues is one of the most commonly sounded themes in public commentary about intelligence in the United States. “The CIA” – or the entire US Intelligence Community – “needs to move away from a Cold War way of doing business!” has been voiced so often in the decade and a half since the end of the Cold War that it long ago became a cliché. The terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, which was one of the greatest attitude-changing events in American history, boosted the frequency and volume of this kind of call.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L9ZNRMVV,2006,Paul R. Pillar,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:11:41Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6783,Human source intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-13/human-source-intelligence-frederick-hitz,"When President Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 into law, creating the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), he scarcely believed he was creating a new espionage organization for the United States, but rather that he was greatly improving the manner in which important national intelligence would find its way to his desk. Earlier he had disestablished the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the wartime foreign intelligence collection and analytical entity, declaring that he did not want an American Gestapo in peacetime. By 1947, he had changed his mind on the need for a civilian intelligence organization for three principal reasons. First, and most importantly, the lessons of the 1941 Pearl Harbor attack strongly suggested the need for greater early warning of a future surprise attack on the United States. Second, he needed a centralizing intelligence organization that would gather and analyze all the intelligence reports headed for the Oval Office and attempt to make something coherent out of them so he would not have to do it himself. It is not clear that he wanted the new organization to go out and collect intelligence information on its own, as this had been tasked primarily to the Armed Services and to the FBI. Third, he was convinced by Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal and others in his cabinet that the USSR would become a problem now that the Nazis were defeated, and that he needed a window into Stalin’s thinking and imperial ambitions, especially in Western Europe. The Cold War was beginning.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GUUIREWT,2006,Frederick P. Hitz,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:10:11Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6784,The technical collection of intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-12/technical-collection-intelligence-jeffrey-richelson,"For much of mankind’s history, the collection of intelligence was conducted largely through the efforts of spies – who observed enemy activities and purloined documents. Intelligence was occasionally acquired when coded messages were stolen and decoded. Only in the last hundred years have technological advances allowed intelligence to be collected by a vast array of mechanical systems, often operated a considerable at a considerable distance from the target, an activity referred to as “technical collection.” 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CCNM8QT4,2006,Jeffrey T. Richelson,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:09:38Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'PBHFUE8W', 'T92JK7A5']",,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6785,US patronage of German postwar intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-10/us-patronage-german-postwar-intelligence-wolfgang-krieger,"The American involvement in setting up what eventually became the Bundesnachricht-endienst (BND), today’s German foreign intelligence service, has long been common knowledge. From the summer of 1945 until March 1956 the US engaged, developed, and financed a German intelligence organization which was led by former Wehrmacht officers and intelligence professionals and which essentially provided Washington with information and studies on the Soviet Union and its satellites. The first detailed account was published by the key figure on the German side, Reinhard Gehlen, in his 1971 memoirs. Later publications elaborated somewhat on that story but failed to add much because archival sources were tightly closed on both the American and the German sides. No original documents from that period were available until 2002 when the CIA released a “documentary history” prepared by Kevin C. Ruffner of the CIA history staff. A year later, and obviously in tandem with those CIA releases, James H. Critchfield published his book Partners in the Creation. Critchfield had been an important figure on the US side of that peculiar intelligence relationship, acting as an on-site CIA supervisor of the Gehlen group. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S7CQ7G2R,2006,"Wolfgang Krieger, Loch K. Johnson",Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:08:59Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6786,"""Knowing the self, knowing the other"": The comparative analysis of security intelligence",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-9/knowing-self-knowing-peter-gill,"By comparison with other social sciences the academic study of intelligence 1 is young. It has been dominated to date by Anglo-American work with primarily an historical focus, especially in the UK, and more work examining issues of organisational structure and process in the US. In the last fifteen years this has been supplemented by an increasing body of writing about other countries, especially those in Eastern Europe, Latin America and South Africa where regime change has been accompanied by some process of democratisation. Therefore what we have is an increasingly rich array of accounts of national intelligence systems including fascinating insights into processes of transition. Analyses of single agencies, companies, countries and even non-governmental organisations involved in intelligence will always provide the bedrock for intelligence studies but even where these accounts are collected together they may amount to no more than juxtaposition. Although Glenn Hastedt pointed out fifteen years ago that the comparative study of intelligence was but a fledgling, 2 it is still the case that too much writing is structured with too little thought given as to how it might facilitate comparison. This chapter does not attempt a comprehensive review of the intelligence literature but draws on social science literature more generally in order to identify major issues and suggest a way forward.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8B5KHLGU,2006,Peter Gill,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:08:28Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6787,The accountability of security and intelligence agencies,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-8/accountability-security-intelligence-agencies-ian-leigh,"Intelligence is an inescapable necessity for modern governments. Few states take the view that they can dispense with an intelligence service and none is sufficiently immune from terrorism or the inquisitiveness of its neighbours to forgo a security service. It is true that a variety of patterns for organising security and intelligence exists. Some states (for example, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Netherlands, Spain and Turkey) have a single agency for security and intelligence (both domestic and external). Others have distinct agencies for domestic and external intelligence and security, with either separate or overlapping territorial competences, as in the United Kingdom, Poland, Hungary and Germany. More rarely, a state may have a domestic security agency but no acknowledged or actual foreign intelligence agency; Canada is the exemplar of this approach. A further variable is that either intelligence or security services may have either a more pro-active mandate or be restricted to the gathering and analysis of information. However, whatever the precise organisational structure or governmental setting, security and intelligence pose a common set of challenges for accountability the world over.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S34Z5SFW,2006,Ian Leigh,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:07:59Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6788,Intelligence ethics: Laying a foundation for the second oldest profession,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-6/intelligence-ethics-michael-andregg,"The first reaction to the idea of ethics for spies is often a big laugh or comments with “oxymoron” in them. Spies lie, cheat, steal, deceive, manipulate and sometimes do much worse in the course of their work, so this reaction is understandable. That masks a more important point. The world needs a professional code of ethics for spies and other “intelligence professionals.” So some are working hard to create one now. 1 A former operator asked, why have intelligence agencies at all if you want to encumber them with rules? Because the nation is in danger, and our world is at war with “terrorists” who don’t obey any rules at all. To win, spies must be better than mere terrorists.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UVEG56D7,2006,Michael Andregg,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:07:25Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6789,The historiography of the FBI,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-5/historiography-fbi-rhodri-jeffreys-jones,"By studying what historians in different eras and of various persuasions have written about the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), scholars in this field can place their own work in a more meaningful context. But there is an immediate problem here. Can an institution, as distinct from great events or political tendencies, have an independent historiography, or must there be dependency, with institutional historiography drawing on the historiographies of contextual problems and events? 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DMF2C7QE,2006,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:06:55Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6790,The American approach to intelligence studies,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-4/american-approach-intelligence-studies-james-wirtz,"Is there an American approach to the study of intelligence? The question calls to mind Russell Weigley’s The American Way of War, which suggested that Americans did in fact have a national “style” when it came to warfare. According to Weigley, Americans preferred to obliterate their opponents through attrition, not to use limited means for limited objectives. 1 Although many have disputed Weigley’s characterization of the American way of warfare, 2 his work renewed interest in the idea that the way officers and officials wage war is influenced by strategic culture, and this idea has been championed and contested by succeeding generations of strategic theorists. Yet, this debate about strategic military culture has not been mirrored by a similar discussion about the existence of a specific American approach to intelligence or intelligence studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CFF7CNIZ,2006,James J. Wirtz,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:06:26Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6791,Sources and methods for the study of intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203089323-3/sources-methods-study-intelligence-michael-warner,"Intelligence can be thought of as that which states do in secret to support their efforts to mitigate, influence, or merely understand other nations (or various enemies) that could harm them. By its nature as an activity that could involve the loss of fragile sources or means of understanding and influence – not to mention the lives of troops, subjects, and even leaders – intelligence is treated by its practitioners as sensitive and confidential. Even the accidental disclosure of some analytical, informational, or operational advantage over a rival or an enemy is presumed to be tantamount to the loss of that advantage while it is still potentially useful. Thus the penalties for disclosure have always been severe – and those for espionage even harsher. Nations have sought thereby to terrify disloyalty and also to protect the advantages that secret means seem to bring to decisionmaking. Wherever such life-and-death stakes obtain, intelligence is conducted with some full or partial cloak of secrecy, and the evidence of it is typically unavailable to onlookers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/655ZNV3T,2006,Michael Warner,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:05:35Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6792,Handbook of Intelligence Studies,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203089323/handbook-intelligence-studies-loch-johnson,"This topical volume offers a comprehensive review of secret intelligence organizations and activities. Intelligence has been in the news consistently since 9/11 and the Iraqi WMD errors. Leading experts in the field approach the three major missions of intelligence: collection-and-analysis; covert action; and counterintelligence. Within each of these missions, the dynamically written essays dissect the so-called intelligence cycle to reveal the challenges of gathering and assessing information from around the world. Covert action, the most controversial intelligence activity, is explored, with special attention on the issue of military organizations moving into what was once primarily a civilian responsibility. The authors furthermore examine the problems that are associated with counterintelligence, protecting secrets from foreign spies and terrorist organizations, as well as the question of intelligence accountability, and how a nation can protect its citizens against the possible abuse of power by its own secret agencies. The Handbook of Intelligence Studies is a benchmark publication with major importance both for current research and for the future of the field. It is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and scholars of intelligence studies, international security, strategic studies and political science in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JTCVVNVK,2006-12-08,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:04:53Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.4324/9780203089323,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1607974074,137.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1607974074,2012.0,2026.0,2007.0,,5.0 6793,"Theories of intelligence: Where are we, where should we go and how might we proceed?",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-18/theories-intelligence-go-might-proceed-peter-gill,"If it is commonly accepted that intelligence represented the ‘missing dimension’2of historical accounts of international and domestic politics for many years, at least until the end of the Cold War, circumstances since then have changed significantly. During the 1990s a variety of inter-linked factors brought intelligence blinking out of the dark, if only into the twilight, for example, the perception that insecurities took a greater variety of forms such as organised crime and trafficking, the interest in intelligence methods of a wider variety of state and corporate agencies and the rapid growth of technologies facilitating the gathering, processing and storing of information. These factors were all massively reinforced by 9/11, and by further attacks in Bali, Madrid, Istanbul and London. The impression given by these ‘failures’ is that intelligence is unable to ensure public safety just as security problems seem to be escalating.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4256K98A,2008,Peter Gill,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:01:42Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6794,Theory and intelligence reconsidered,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-17/theory-intelligence-reconsidered-philip-davies,"At the centre of this latest furore is the role of theory. But even here we must move with caution because in this field the notion of theory entails at least two entirely different ideas. As Peter Gill has pointed out, we need to distinguish between theories about intelligence and theories for intelligence practitioners3 – although the latter of these is probably better known as the theory of intelligence. As I shall endeavour to show, both theories of and about intelligence experience serious risks and pitfalls, albeit of profoundly different kinds and with equally different consequences.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4N7PX445,2008,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,,2023-12-27T10:00:53Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6795,Defending adaptive realism: Intelligence theory comes of age,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-14/intelligence-analysis-decision-making-methodological-challenges-stephen-marrin,"Since September 11, 2001, US intelligence reform has been energized by a public at last attentive to the role of intelligence in international politics. Following al-Qaeda’s spectacularly deadly attacks, traumatized families brought Washington’s handling of critical national security information to national attention and held it there until reforms passed Congress.1 Similar, closely watched inquiries regarding intelligence-related matters have been held in Britain and Canada and have also generated reforms.2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UJ9R5CRS,2008,Jennifer E. Sims,Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:58:56Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6796,Intelligence analysis and decision-making: methodological challenges,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-14/intelligence-analysis-decision-making-methodological-challenges-stephen-marrin,"All theories of intelligence should specify the contribution they make to knowledge in the field of intelligence studies. But to do this, the process of how knowledge itself is developed, aggregated, and used also needs to be explored. Methodology provides the foundation to any theory, and that makes the study of methodology a precursor to the study of theory. This chapter describes, evaluates, and critiques how the intelligence literature portrays the relationship between analysis and decision-making, and recommends that a new kind of theory be developed to explain how intelligence analysis is actually used by decision-makers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZZ2VVY2,2008,Stephen Marrin,Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:58:07Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6797,Intelligence in a turbulent world: Insights from organization theory,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-13/intelligence-turbulent-world-insights-organization-theory-glenn-hastedt-douglas-skelley?context=ubx&refId=98f11535-9629-4a1e-b556-8169eb6a7fd5,"In October 2005 Director of National Intelligence John Negroponte issued the National Intelligence Strategy of the United States of America. In the forward he recalled that when President George W. Bush signed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act in 2004 the president put forward the expectation that ‘our vast intelligence enterprise will become more unified, coordinated, and effective.’ Negroponte continued that the new approach to intelligence embodied in this strategy represents: ‘a far-reaching reform of previous intelligence practices and arrangements. National intelligence must be collaborative, penetrating, objective, and far-sighted. . . . The time has come for our domestic and foreign intelligence cultures to grow stronger by growing together.’1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SPX7DSVC,2008,"Glenn P. Hastedt, Douglas Skelley",Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:55:47Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6798,"Analysis, war, and decision: Why intelligence failures are inevitable",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-12/analysis-war-decision-intelligence-failures-inevitable-richard-betts,"Military disasters befall some states, no matter how informed their leaders are, because their capabilities are deficient. Weakness, not choice, is their primary problem. Powerful nations are not immune to calamity either, because their leaders may misperceive threats or miscalculate responses. Information, understanding, and judgment are a larger part of the strategic challenge for countries such as the United States. Optimal decisions in defense policy therefore depend on the use of strategic intelligence: the acquisition, analysis, and appreciation of relevant data. In the best-known cases of intelligence failure, the most crucial mistakes have seldom been made by collectors of raw information, occasionally by professionals who produce finished analyses, but most often by the decision makers who consume the products of intelligence services. Policy premises constrict perception, and administrative workloads constrain reflection. Intelligence failure is political and psychological more often than organizational.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G2IZIKRZ,2008,Richard K. Betts,Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:53:36Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6799,Theory of surprise,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-11/theory-surprise-james-wirtz,"Why do states, non-state actors, or individuals attempt to surprise their opponents? Why do they often succeed? How does surprise affect strategic interactions, competitions in which the behavior of both sides determine the outcome? Why do some surprise initiatives succeed spectacularly, only to end in disaster for the side that initially benefited from surprise? If we can explain surprise, can we prevent it from occurring?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9JVZKTVA,2008,James J. Wirtz,Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:51:48Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6800,Intelligence theory and theories of international relations: Shared world or separate worlds?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-10/intelligence-theory-theories-international-relations-shared-world-separate-worlds-mark-phythian?context=ubx&refId=cbea6f39-cf37-44d4-87b5-283006768146,"Intelligence has been an academic discipline for half a century now. Almost from the start, scholars have called for a theory of intelligence. None has been advanced. Although some authors entitle sections of their work ‘theory of intelligence’, to my knowledge no one has proposed concepts that can be tested.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MUFYBNHA,2008,Mark Phythian,Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:50:18Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6801,Sketches for a theory of strategic intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-9/sketches-theory-strategic-intelligence-loch-johnson,"For too long the role of strategic intelligence in world affairs has stood in the shadows of traditional research on international relations.1 What a pity that it takes events like Pearl Harbor in 1941, the domestic spy scandals of 1975 (Operations Chaos and COINTELPRO), the terrorist attacks of 9/11, and the faulty estimates on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) in 2002 to underscore the importance of this subject. At last, though, the public – and perhaps even hide-bound IR theorists – seem ready to acknowledge the need to understand the hidden side of foreign and security policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XDGFF4C9,2008,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:34:44Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6802,Intelligence as risk shifting,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-8/intelligence-risk-shifting-michael-warner,"Shakespeare left us no play set in an intelligence agency. Surely he had his reasons for missing such an opportunity, but had he seized it, he might well have written another tragedy. Certainly his characterizations of intelligence (good, strange, and drunk) would sound fresh to modern practitioners, familiar with concerns over the reliability of sources and complaints about warning dogs that failed to bark. Indeed, that familiarity points to a remarkable stability in this corner of English usage since Shakespeare’s time. The word ‘intelligence’ seems to mean roughly what it meant in 1600; we still use it to denote (among other things) a counselor to sovereign power, a type of privileged information, and the activity of acquiring, producing, and possibly acting on that information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AHXFPBNE,2008,Michael Warner,Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:33:51Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6803,An historical theory of intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203892992-7/historical-theory-intelligence-david-kahn,"Intelligence has been an academic discipline for half a century now. Almost from the start, scholars have called for a theory of intelligence. None has been advanced. Although some authors entitle sections of their work ‘theory of intelligence,’ to my knowledge no one has proposed concepts that can be tested. I propose here some principles that I believe warrant being called a theory of intelligence because they offer explanations or predictions that can be seen to be true or untrue. I believe that the facts I give validate the theory; other scholars may adduce facts that disprove it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/28KNR29S,2008,David Kahn,Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:33:03Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Intelligence Theory,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6804,Intelligence Theory: Key Questions and Debates,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203892992/intelligence-theory-stephen-marrin-peter-gill-mark-phythian,"This edited volume brings together a range of essays by individuals who are centrally involved in the debate about the role and utility of theory in intelligence studies. The volume includes both classic essays and new articles that critically analyse some key issues: strategic intelligence, the place of international relations theory, theories of",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TSFPZF2M,2008-08-14,"Peter Gill, Stephen Marrin, Mark Phythian",Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:31:30Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.4324/9780203892992,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W129122895,41.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W129122895,2012.0,2025.0,2008.0,,4.0 6805,Improving Intelligence Analysis: Bridging the Gap between Scholarship and Practice,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Improving-Intelligence-Analysis-Bridging-the-Gap-between-Scholarship-and/Marrin/p/book/9780415834292,"This book on intelligence analysis written by intelligence expert Dr. Stephen Marrin argues that scholarship can play a valuable role in improving intelligence analysis. Improving intelligence analysis requires bridging the gap between scholarship and practice. Compared to the more established academic disciplines of political science and international relations, intelligence studies scholarship is generally quite relevant to practice. Yet a substantial gap exists nonetheless. Even though there are many intelligence analysts, very few of them are aware of the various writings on intelligence analysis which could help them improve their own processes and products. If the gap between scholarship and practice were to be bridged, practitioners would be able to access and exploit the literature in order to acquire new ways to think about, frame, conceptualize, and improve the analytic process and the resulting product. This volume contributes to the broader discussion regarding mechanisms and methods for improving intelligence analysis processes and products. It synthesizes these articles into a coherent whole, linking them together through common themes, and emphasizes the broader vision of intelligence analysis in the introduction and conclusion chapters. The book will be of great interest to students of intelligence studies, strategic studies, US national security, US foreign policy, security studies and political science in general,as well as professional intelligence analysts and managers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZLPQVPKS,2012-12-15,Stephen Marrin,Routledge,,2023-12-27T09:29:02Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6806,Anglo-American-Soviet Intelligence Relations,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24242-9_6,"No aspect of the Grand Alliance was more remarkable than the performance of, and the relationships between, its intelligence communities. Britain and the United States learned more about their enemies than any power had ever known before in any war. The Soviet Union was less well-informed about its enemies, but had better intelligence about Britain and the United States than any power had previously possessed about its wartime allies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PKBA6VLD,1995,Christopher Andrew,Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2023-12-26T23:37:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1007/978-1-349-24242-9_6,"The Rise and Fall of the Grand Alliance, 1941–45",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2481058244,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2481058244,2022.0,2022.0,1995.0,,27.0 6807,The Future of European Security and the Role of Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/30002041,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RF4EKZ67,1997,Christopher Andrew,Royal Irish Academy,Irish Studies in International Affairs,2023-12-26T23:37:07Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6808,Stars and Spies: The Astonishing History of Espionage and Show Business,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/437769/stars-and-spies-by-green-christopher-andrew-and-julius/9781784708719,"A vastly entertaining and unique history of the interaction between spying and showbiz, from the Elizabethan age to the Cold War and beyond. 'A treasure trove of human ingenuity' The Times Written by two experts in their fields, Stars and Spies is the first history of the extraordinary connections between the intelligence services and show business. We travel back to the golden age of theatre and intelligence in the reign of Elizabeth I. We meet the writers, actors and entertainers drawn into espionage in the Restoration, the Ancien Régime and Civil War America. And we witness the entry of spying into mainstream popular culture throughout the twentieth century and beyond - from the adventures of James Bond to the thrillers of John le Carré and long-running TV series such as The Americans. 'Thoroughly entertaining' Spectator 'Perfect...read as you settle into James Bond on Christmas afternoon.' Daily Telegraph",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P9V2K4DT,2022-10-13,"Christopher M. Andrew, Julius Green",Penguin,,2023-12-26T23:34:47Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6809,Access to the Inside: An Assessment of 'Canada's Security Service: A History',Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203043813-9/access-inside-assessment-canada-security-service-history-larry-hannant?context=ubx&refId=b775980b-29b2-4239-8680-d32cd7ea2c30,"Unlike most countries, Canada has no comprehensive scholarly history of its main security intelligence agency, the Security Service of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The one extensive history is John Sawatsky's Men in the Shadows , an admirable study written by a thorough journalist with excellent sources. 1 Although it was written over a decade ago, on some topics such as the RCMP's persecution of homosexuals in the public service in the 1950s and 1960s it has remained the authoritative source until very recently. 2 But Sawatsky's work was aimed at a popular audience and it was written before the Access to Information Act was passed in 1982. And that Act has revolutionized the study of security intelligence in Canada.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/64U7JTZ6,1994,Larry Hannant,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:33:33Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,"Espionage: Past, Present and Future?",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6810,The KGB after The Coup,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203043813-5/kgb-coup-oleg-gordievsky?context=ubx&refId=86fc4235-8028-41ce-8584-143f6b44ebeb,"The failure of the coup in August 1991, or rather the defeat of the putschists and the victory of Boris Yeltsin and other Russian democrats, provides my starting-point. These events brought to an end an enormous expansion of the KGB, the secret political police of the Soviet Union, which on the eve of the coup had under its command some 700,000 people in the Soviet Union including 12,000 intelligence officers. Something like between 1,500-2,000 of these officers were stationed abroad. At least 250 KGB officers were at work in Canada and the USA. This figure does not include the assets: the secret informers and KGB contacts in North America. To illustrate KGB deployments further: at least 700 KGB officers were posted in Germany, 100 in France, 100 in Italy and 150 in Austria; about 100 were stationed in India, 75 in Japan and so on. To this tally must be added the intelligence presence of the Soviet military, the GRU. Such was the scale of the Soviet espionage attack on the rest of the world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5QAMGJM7,1994,Oleg Gordievsky,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:32:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Espionage: Past, Present and Future?",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6811,KGB Foreign Intelligence from Brezhnev to the Coup,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203043813-4/kgb-foreign-intelligence-brezhnev-coup-christopher-andrew?context=ubx&refId=10c1bd27-b697-4778-95ae-97a9822707be,"One of the main aims of the KGB was always to impress the Soviet leadership. Right up to the abortive coup of August 1991, it supplied regular reports designed to show its success in influencing the politicians and public opinion of the Third World. The format seems to have changed little from Brezhnev to Gorbachev. Among documents released from Communist Party Central Committee archives during the year after the coup was a 1969 report from the then KGB chairman, Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, boasting of the KGB's ability to organize large protest demonstrations outside the US embassy in Delhi for $5,000 a time, and a letter to Gorbachev 20 years later by Andropov's successor, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kryuchkov, reporting an increased number of agents in the Sri Lankan parliament and the 'sincere gratitude to Moscow' allegedly expressed by the leader of the Freedom Party for Soviet 'financial support'. 1 The KGB was also fond of boasting of its influence on a wide variety of international organisations, ranging from sections of the peace movement to the World Council of Churches (WCC). One recently declassified document of 1969 describes the work of five KGB agents on the WCC Central Committee and the appointment of another to a 'high WCC post'. A similar report of 1989 claims that, as the result of agent operations to implement 'a plan approved by the KGB leadership', 'the WCC Executive and Central Committee adopted public statements (eight) and messages (three) which corresponded to the political course of Socialist [Communist] countries'. While it would be naive to take such boasting entirely at its face value, there can be little doubt about the reality of Soviet penetration of the WCC. 2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LB3L48SB,1994,Christopher Andrew,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:32:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,"Espionage: Past, Present and Future?",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6812,Epistemic Communities: Intelligence Studies and International Relations,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203043813-2/epistemic-communities-intelligence-studies-international-relations-michael-fry-miles-hochstein?context=ubx&refId=c8710c01-9ddc-49d3-96b4-4c3c5faa430e,"John Gaddis, in an essay which Donald Watt found altogether too pessimistic, seemed encouraged at least by the progress made since the mid-1980s in intelligence studies and the proliferation of university courses and serious journals devoted to them. 1 Others, Stafford Thomas for example, have made similar claims. 2 Gaddis, in effect, identified an intellectual community, in the Kuhnian sense, being created, flourishing, and going about its business in a coherent, consensual way. That may be so, but what is more remarkable and regrettable is the failure to integrate intelligence studies, even in a primitive way, into the mainstreams of research in international relations. That is less so with respect to international history. If one sees international history, therefore, as a central part of the field of enquiry that is international relations (for it is a field of enquiry and not a discipline), the depiction is flawed. But if one subscribes to the more orthodox view, so prevalent in the United States, that international history is peripheral to the study of international relations, dominated as it is by political scientists of various stripes, the depiction is accurate. Indeed, it provides one of the clues as to why there exist not competitive solitudes exactly, but two almost distinct, discrete communities, devoted, respectively, to the study of intelligence and the study of international relations. Intelligence studies have been and remain a very modest part of the intellectual agenda of the international relations community, even though international politics and security affairs have long dominated that agenda.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7WCBKM9G,1994,"Michael G. Fry, Miles Hochstein, Wesley K. Wark",Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:31:29Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,"Espionage: Past, Present and Future?",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6813,"Espionage: Past, Present and Future?",Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203043813/espionage-past-present-future-wesley-wark,"Highlights of the volume include pioneering essays on the methodology of intelligence studies by Michael Fry and Miles Hochstein, and the future perils of the surveillance state by James Der Derian. Two leading authorities on the history of Soviet/Russian intelligence, Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, contribute essays on the final days of the KGB. Also, the mythology surrounding the life of Second World War intelligence chief, Sir William Stephenson, The Man Called Intrepid', is penetrated in a persuasive revisionist account by Timothy Naftali. The collection is rounded off by a series of essays devoted to unearthing the history of the Canadian intelligence service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JBVLQBAQ,1994-03-01,Wesley K. Wark,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:30:45Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.4324/9780203043813,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3001355872,0.0,False,,,,2012.0,, 6814,"Spooked: Britain, Empire and Intelligence since 1945 - Cambridge Scholars Publishing",Book,https://www.cambridgescholars.com/product/978-1-4438-1312-9,"Spooked: Britain, Empire and Intelligence since 1945 - Cambridge Scholars Publishing",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7FYIYRIA,2010-04-27,"Patrick Major, Christopher R. Moran",Cambridge Scholars,,2023-12-26T23:28:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6815,More Instructions from the Centre: Top Secret Files on KGB Global Operations 1975-1985,Book,https://www.routledge.com/More-Instructions-from-the-Centre-Top-Secret-Files-on-KGB-Global-Operations/Andrew-Gordievsky/p/book/9781138976443,"During the decade that preceded Mr Gorbachev's era of glasnost and perestroika, the KGB headquarters in Moscow was putting out a constant stream of instructions to its Residencies abroad. Unknown to the KGB, however, many of these highly classified documents were being secretly copied by Oleg Gordievsky, at that time not only a high-ranking KGB officer based in London but also a long-serving undercover agent for the British. The selected documents in this volume, translated and analysed by the e",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RXQE6QTF,1992,"Christopher M. Andrew, Oleg Gordievsky",Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:25:32Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6816,Stalin and Foreign Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203010914-5/stalin-foreign-intelligence-christopher-andrew-julie-elkner,"Ever since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Sluzhba Vneshnei Razvedki (SVR), successor to the KGB’s First Chief [Foreign Intelligence] Directorate, has continued to celebrate the achievements of Stalin’s foreign intelligence services, of which it sees itself as the direct descendant. In 1995, it marked the 75th anniversary of the foundation of the Inostrannyi Otdel (INO), the foreign intelligence arm of the Cheka and its inter-war successors, by publishing a volume which celebrated the careers of 75 leading intelligence officers and agents of the Soviet era in a style which differed little from the uncritical hagiographies previously produced by the KGB. 1 In 1995, the SVR also began the publication of a multi-volume official history of Soviet foreign intelligence operations which, at the time of writing, has reached the end of the Great Patriotic War. 2 Though a mine of mostly reliable factual information, it too presents a heroically sanitised view of Soviet intelligence history. The videos on foreign operations in the Stalin era recently produced by the SVR’s Television Information Service take a similar approach. 3",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HCE75KX,2003,"Christopher M. Andrew, Julie Elkner",Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:23:30Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,Redefining Stalinism,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6817,"Comrade Kryuchkov's Instructions: Top Secret Files on KGB Foreign Operations, 1975-1985",Book,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=110,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UL8EA6VM,1994,"Christopher Andrew, Oleg Gordievsky",Stanford University Press,,2023-12-26T23:22:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6818,British Intelligence and the Breach with Russia in 1927,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/british-intelligence-and-the-breach-with-russia-in-1927/000401CDE80E678A2F5E8DC421E54212,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B75Z4U35,1982-02-11,Christopher Andrew,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2023-12-26T23:21:37Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1017/S0018246X00021348,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2119377533,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2119377533,2014.0,2022.0,1982.0,,32.0 6819,"Whitehall, Washington and the Intelligence Services",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/2615311,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PYT5NUQ2,1977,Christopher Andrew,"[Wiley, Royal Institute of International Affairs]",International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-),2023-12-26T23:21:10Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.2307/2615311,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2317104917,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2317104917,2015.0,2022.0,1977.0,,38.0 6820,The Paradox of Duality: Adolf Hitler and the Concept of Military Surprise,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203043561-3/paradox-duality-adolf-hitler-concept-military-surprise-david-jablonsky,The Paradox of Duality: Adolf Hitler and the Concept of Military Surprise - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PR4DJM6M,1989,David Jablonsky,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:19:25Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,Leaders and Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6821,Napoleon's Use of Intelligence: The Jena Campaign of 1806,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203043561-2/napoleon-use-intelligence-jena-campaign-1806-jay-luvaas,Napoleon's Use of Intelligence: The Jena Campaign of 1806 - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J2CMX6P7,1989,Jay Luvaas,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:18:55Z,['8XA7D88D'],,Leaders and Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6822,Churchill and Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203043561-5/churchill-intelligence-christopher-andrew,Churchill and Intelligence - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DS6WH6C8,1989,Christopher Andrew,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:18:08Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,Leaders and Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6823,"Intelligence and International Relations, 1900-1945",Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/intelligence-and-international-relations-1900-1945-9780859892438?cc=us&lang=en&,"The essays in this volume assess the influence of intelligence on the Second World War and open up a number of other important areas for research. Studies of the growth of the imperial intelligence network cast new light on subjects ranging from Canadian surveillance of Vancouver Sikhs to signals intelligence in the Middle East. Studies of Japanese intelligence indicate the significance of Asian intelligence systems as a factor in modern international relations.A number of contributors emphasize the slowness with which governments and high commands learned to assess and use the intelligence they received. , The essays in this volume assess the influence of intelligence on the Second World War and open up a number of other important areas for research. Studies of the growth of the imperial intelligence network cast new light on subjects ranging from Canadian surveillance of Vancouver Sikhs to signals intelligence in the Middle East. Studies of Japanese intelligence indicate the significance of Asian intelligence systems as a factor in modern international relations.A number of contributors emphasize the slowness with which governments and high commands learned to assess and use the intelligence they received.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XB8QWA7H,1987-01-01,"Christopher M. Andrew, Jeremy Noakes",Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T23:16:32Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6824,"Surveillance and Intelligence under the Vichy Regime: The Service du Contrôle Technique, 1939-45",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003148326-7/surveillance-intelligence-vichy-regime-service-du-contr%C3%B4le-technique-1939-45-roger-austin?context=ubx&refId=809dbc34-f38b-46bf-9c3d-d18746db837b,"Surveillance and Intelligence under the Vichy Regime: The Service du Contrôle Technique, 1939-45 - 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NFXH499Q,1986,Roger Austin,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:14:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6825,Ultra’s Poor Relations,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003148326-6/ultra-poor-relations-christopher-morris,Ultra’s Poor Relations - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PI9WEVJ2,1986,Christopher Morris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:14:08Z,['T92JK7A5'],,Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6826,From Polish Bomba to British Bombe: The Birth of Ultra,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003148326-5/polish-bomba-british-bombe-birth-ultra-gordon-welchman,From Polish Bomba to British Bombe: The Birth of Ultra - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZLRJJ6DV,1986,Gordon Welchman,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:13:35Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6827,The Government Code and Cypher School Between the Wars,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003148326-4/government-code-cypher-school-wars-denniston,The Government Code and Cypher School Between the Wars - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DFJKWKZC,1986,A. G. Denniston,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:13:01Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",,Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6828,"No Final Solution: A Survey of the Cryptanalytical Capabilities of German Military Agencies, 1926-35",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003148326-3/final-solution-survey-cryptanalytical-capabilities-german-military-agencies-1926-35-chapman?context=ubx&refId=360d6f1e-20e3-4db2-85f3-8ae82b437f54,"No Final Solution: A Survey of the Cryptanalytical Capabilities of German Military Agencies, 1926-35 - 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IB6WKBJF,1986,John W. M. Chapman,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:10:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",,Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6829,Tsarist Codebreakers and British Codes,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003148326-2/tsarist-codebreakers-british-codes-christopher-andrew-keith-neilson,Tsarist Codebreakers and British Codes - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6S65WDEI,1986,"Christopher M. Andrew, Keith Neilson",Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:09:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",,Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6830,Codebreaking and Signals Intelligence,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781003148326/codebreaking-signals-intelligence-christopher-andrew,"Despite publicity given to the successes of British and American codebreakers during the Second World War, the study of signals intelligence is still complicated by governmental secrecy over even the most elderly peacetime sigint. This book, first published in 1986, lifts the veil on some of these historical secrets. Christopher Andrew and Keith Neilson cast new light on how Tsarist codebreakers penetrated British code and cypher systems. John Chapman’s study of German military codebreaking represents a major advance in our understanding of cryptanalysis during the Weimar Republic. The history of the Government Code and Cypher School – forerunner of today’s GCHQ – by its operational head, the late A.G. Denniston, provides both a general assessment of the achievements of British cryptanalysis between the wars and a tantalising glimpse of what historians may one day find in GCHQ’s forbidden archives. The distinguished cryptanalyst of Bletchley Park, the late Gordon Welchman, describes in detail how the Ultra programme defeated the German Enigma machine, while another Bletchley Park cryptographer, Christopher Morris, reminds us in his account of the valuable work on hand cyphers that wartime sigint consisted of much more than Ultra. Roger Austin’s study of surveillance under the Vichy regime shows the continuing importance of older and simpler methods of message interception such as letter-opening. Taken together, the articles establish sigint as an essential field of study for both the modern historian and the political scientist.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PG4LG3I7,2021-05-31,Christopher Andrew,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:09:12Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.4324/9781003148326,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4205925769,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 6831,"Secret Intelligence, Covert Action and Clandestine Diplomacy",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203504420-17/secret-intelligence-covert-action-clandestine-diplomacy-len-scott,"Much contemporary study of intelligence concerns how knowledge is acquired, generated and used. This chapter provides a different focus that treats secrecy, rather than knowledge, as an organising theme. Instead of scrutinising the process of gathering, analysing and exploiting intelligence, it examines other activities of secret intelligence services, often termed covert action. This broader framework draws upon both pre-modern ‘Secret Service’ activities that predated modern intelligence organisations,2 as well as many Cold War studies. It resonates with the perspective of Richard Aldrich that secret service activity includes ‘operations to influence the world by unseen means – the hidden hand’.3 Exploration of secret intervention illuminates important themes and issues in the study of intelligence, and identifies challenges and opportunities for enquiry, particularly in the context of the British experience. One further aspect is examined and developed – the role of secret intelligence services in conducting clandestine diplomacy, a neglected yet intriguing dimension that also provides insights into the study of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZTVSVYUQ,2004,Len Scott,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:07:20Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6832,Hunters not Gatherers: Intelligence in the twenty-first century: Charles Cogan,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203504420-16/hunters-gatherers-intelligence-twenty-first-century-intelligence-twenty-first-century-three-aspects-security-woes,"Three aspects of our security woes In his Congressional testimony on 17 October 2002, a year after the devastating attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, George Tenet, the Director of Central Intelligence, stated that, ‘The threat environment we find ourselves in today is as bad as it was . . . in the summer before 9/11.’ This view was echoed by the report of a panel sponsored by the US Council of Foreign Relations (CFR), released a week later on 25 October 2002, the central conclusion of which was that, ‘A year after 9/11, America remains dangerously unprepared to prevent and respond to a catastrophic terrorist attack on US soil.’ This being so, we have to ask ourselves some urgent questions as to how we are organised and conditioned to conduct intelligence in the twenty-first century. This chapter highlights three aspects of the US security problem.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NH43MNM4,2004,Charles Cogan,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:04:50Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6833,"The perils of multinational intelligence coalitions: Britain, America and the origins of Pakistan’s ISI",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1317982,"This article examines how Great Britain helped create Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI) with two goals: (1) establishing a Pakistani branch of a Commonwealth intelligence network; (2) ensuring information security within that network. Ultimately, this endeavor failed because of perceived deficiencies in Pakistan’s security institutions and Britain’s inability to address Pakistan’s security needs. By the mid-1950s ISI forged close ties with the United States which offered more and with fewer political strings attached. This article offers new insights on intelligence alliance formation during the cold war. It also provides a useful case study in the weaknesses of multilateral intelligence coalitions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5858ZHCZ,"January 2, 2018",Owen L. Sirrs,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-12-29T07:25:54Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684527.2017.1317982,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2607128348,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2607128348,2021.0,2024.0,2017.0,,4.0 6834,The Geopolitics of James Bond,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203504420-15/geopolitics-james-bond-jeremy-black,"To an unprecedented degree, the world of espionage powerfully grasped the twentieth-century imagination. As with detective fiction, which can be seen not so much as a parallel literature but rather as the seedbed of the espionage novel, Britain played a central role in the new field. The central figure in the fictional world of British intelligence is James Bond, because his success has led not only to longevity but also to a character that has spanned the worlds of novels and films.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H6DFC9ML,2004,Jeremy Black,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:03:03Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6835,"Fiction, Faction and Intelligence",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203504420-14/fiction-faction-intelligence-nigel-west,"It is one of the paradoxes of the British intelligence tradition that whereas there is a convention, and now a criminal statute, to prevent intelligence officers from making unauthorised disclosures, more have done so in this country than anywhere else in the world. This paper is intended to be a survey of intelligence literature, concentrating on books published by British Security Service (MI5) and British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) officers.1 Its central argument is that, contrary to what has commonly been assumed, the British intelligence community has entered the public sphere often since its creation, primarily in the form of memoirs, fictionalised memoirs and classic spy fiction.2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5M3VZHP2,2004,Nigel West,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:02:25Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6836,Bletchley Park and the Holocaust,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203504420-13/bletchley-park-holocaust-michael-smith,"This chapter examines the truth behind claims that British codebreakers knew Nazi police operating behind the German troops invading the Soviet Union were murdering thousands of Jews but that they and the British wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who read their messages, did nothing about it. These claims were first published in 1998 in the book Official Secrets:What the Nazis Planned,What the British and Americans Knew by Professor Richard Breitman. He argued that instead of using the intelligence to show the world the plight of the Jews the British ‘simply hoarded’ it. Churchill should have told the world, warning the Jews in countries like Romania and Bulgaria, which were as yet not under German occupation, of what was going on. Professor Breitman also criticised the British for failing to provide the intelligence reports as evidence to the International Tribunal at Nuremberg at which those Nazis accused of war crimes were tried. His allegations were repeated in a number of newspaper articles publicising the book, and often based on interviews with him, which carried headlines such as: ‘Britain Accused of Hiding Facts on Holocaust’; ‘Should Churchill have Acted?’; and ‘MI6 Concealed Extermination of Jews’.1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YUI8GT3Y,2004,Michael Smith,Routledge,,2023-12-26T23:01:06Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6837,German Intelligence History: Wolfgang Krieger,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203504420-9/german-intelligence-history-field-search-scholars,"While Anglo-Saxon scholars are producing books on intelligence history at an ever-increasing rate, the interest in this particular branch of historical studies has been scant in Germany. Throughout the United States intelligence history is taught and researched at university level. It has expanded dramatically over the past two decades and become something of an academic fashion. It has begun to develop in various places around Europe, except in Germany where historians have largely ignored this new field. This is unusual because they have been quite keen to follow academic fashions, particularly those in the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YRFR5XT9,2004,Wolfgang Krieger,Routledge,,2023-12-26T22:59:36Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6838,"Intelligence, International Relations and ‘Under-theorisation’",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203504420-8/intelligence-international-relations-theorisation-christopher-andrew,"In both East and West the public face of twenty-first century intelligence changed dramatically in the months preceding the Gregynog conference, which gave rise to the studies in this volume. One of the distinguishing characteristics of the Soviet intelligence system from Cheka to KGB was its militant atheism. In March 2002, however, the FSB, the born-again post-Soviet successor to the domestic arm of the KGB, at last found God. A restored Russian Orthodox Church in central Moscow was consecrated by Patriarch Aleksi II as the FSB’s parish church in order to minister to the previously neglected spiritual needs of its staff. The FSB Director, Nikolai Patrushev, who was present at the consecration, celebrated the mystical marriage of the Orthodox Church and the state security apparatus by a solemn exchange of gifts, presenting the Patriarch with ceremonial golden keys to the church and receiving in exchange two religious icons – the possession of which would formerly have been a sufficiently grave offence to cost any KGB officer his job. Those who visit the FSB Church when next in Moscow may like to stop for lunch, dinner or a cocktail in the nearby Shield and Sword Café, which takes its name from the traditional symbols of the KGB (inherited from the Cheka), and appears to cater to a clientele drawn largely from the nearby FSB headquarters. A bust of Yuri Andropov, the only KGB chief to become Soviet leader, stands on a pedestal draped with blue velvet in the lobby, while the restaurant itself is dominated by a statue of Felix Dzerzhinsky, the founder of the Cheka.2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BGC8PD5U,2004,Christopher Andrew,Routledge,,2023-12-26T22:58:03Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Understanding Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6839,"A German Preference for a Medium-Range Battle? British Assumptions about German Naval Gunnery, 1914–1915",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344511422310,"In several recent studies of the Royal Navy a theory has emerged about the development of British battle-fleet tactics. It is suggested that, in the period leading up to the battle of Jutland, the Admiralty possessed intelligence which indicated that the German naval leadership, if it sought to fight at all, wanted to engage at medium range, where its superior secondary batteries and heavier torpedo armament could be used to maximum advantage. Rather than seeking to frustrate this desire by manoeuvring to keep the battle at long range, the British, it has been argued, decided to accommodate to the German preference, but only with a view to using their superior main armament to unleash a concentrated five-minute pulse of fire at the approaching German vessels, before turning away. This article looks at one of the underpinnings of this argument, namely British intelligence on German gunnery. It shows that from the start of the First World War, if not earlier, the Admiralty had information that contested the idea that the Germans wanted a medium-range engagement. Not only was it discovered that the Germans had been practising long-range firing for some years, but, in addition, early wartime encounters with German vessels, for example at the battle of the Falkland Islands, showed that they had developed considerable proficiency in it. This quickly led the Royal Navy’s top leadership to the conclusion that engagements at maximum range rather than medium range might better reflect both German capabilities and intentions and that British tactics would need to take this into account. In the light of this finding, Grand Fleet Battle Orders, which have defied obvious explanation when it was assumed that the British naval leadership expected the Germans to seek a medium-range engagement, can now be put into a more logical context.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q6G4EMG7,2012-01-01,Matthew S. Seligmann,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2023-12-26T22:45:00Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1177/0968344511422310,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2079374676,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2079374676,2015.0,2016.0,2012.0,,3.0 6840,"Special issue: Intelligence, governance and the ‘interagency’: Of secrets and stovepipes: The quest for ‘joined up’ intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076712458791,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IPNSWTMA,2013-04-01,Philip HJ Davies,SAGE Publications Ltd,Public Policy and Administration,2023-12-26T22:37:28Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1177/0952076712458791,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2325579830,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2325579830,2026.0,2026.0,2013.0,,13.0 6841,Cover for Thor: Divine Deception Planning for Cold War Missiles,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2010.498262,"In the late 1950s, as intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) replaced bombers, the development of Soviet ICBMs prompted fears of strategic vulnerability in the West. The Eisenhower administration's decision to deploy Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBMs) on the territory of NATO allies sought to redress the perceived vulnerability until American ICBMs were ready. British deception planners considered how to enhance the threat posed by the IRBMs. An outline plan codenamed ‘Celestial’ was intended to persuade the Soviets that the otherwise vulnerable missiles could not be readily neutralised. This article explores this deception and how such planning also sought to convey accurate information alongside disinformation. It also suggests that deception planners appear to have given little heed to the potentially counterproductive consequences of such an operation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3H3GCJIM,2010-10-01,"Len Scott, Huw Dylan",Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2023-12-26T22:35:50Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/01402390.2010.498262,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1989812918,24.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1989812918,2015.0,2024.0,2010.0,,5.0 6842,"SIS, Grigori Tokaev, and the London Controlling Section: New Perspectives on a Cold War Defector and Cold War Deception",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344517731121,"This article examines British deception during the early years of the Cold War, and how a Soviet defector named Grigori Tokaev contributed to British plans and operations. Tokaev provided valuable insights into the Soviet Union, allowing British intelligence to craft more intricate deception operations, political and military. The manner in which he was used, and the extent to which his idiosyncrasies were tolerated, underline the difficulties the British authorities faced as they attempted to apply the lessons of the Second World War deception to the Cold War environment. The case offers new perspectives on both the relatively under-examined subject of British deception operations against the USSR, and the history of one of the most prominent Cold War defectors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MEPFMLZR,2019-11-01,Huw Dylan,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2023-12-26T22:34:29Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1177/0968344517731121,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2764064319,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2764064319,2019.0,2022.0,2018.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/3e071518-06be-4e29-8433-b4ee4cdd7670,1.0 6843,A Century of Intelligence (1909–2009): International Perspectives,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2013.789633,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3V25E2RH,2013-06-01,"Martin S. Alexander, Huw Dylan",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T22:33:17Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/02684527.2013.789633,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998567159,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998567159,2019.0,2019.0,2013.0,,6.0 6844,Intelligence and National Security: A Century of British Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.621590,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KNJB4UYD,2012-02-01,"Huw Dylan, Martin S. Alexander",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T22:32:14Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2012.621590,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981132186,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981132186,2012.0,2021.0,2012.0,,0.0 6845,‘Modern conditions demand integration and professionalism’: The transition from Joint Intelligence Bureau to Defence Intelligence Staff and the long march to centralisation in British military intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076712464232,"This article explores the reforms that occurred in British military and military-related intelligence in 1946 and 1964. It charts the development of the Joint Intelligence Bureau, which was created as a central organisation to provide intelligence on several military-related issues, and how it was eventually merged with the service intelligence agencies in 1964 to form the Defence Intelligence Staff. It argues that the reforms of 1946, although functional, were flawed, as they satisfied neither the advocates of wholesale centralisation nor the champions of individual service responsibility. The inevitable outcome was a series of divisive arguments over responsibility and “turf”, which could only be resolved when the issue was firmly grasped by senior politicians.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BVKQNPJ2,2013-04-01,Huw Dylan,SAGE Publications Ltd,Public Policy and Administration,2023-12-26T22:31:19Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1177/0952076712464232,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006279927,0.0,False,,,,2012.0,, 6846,Covering up Spying in the 'Buster' Crabb Affair: A Note,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/40213730,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C29D4YYM,2008,Michael S. Goodman,"Taylor & Francis, Ltd.",The International History Review,2023-12-26T20:56:59Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6847,Introduction to A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-5.xml,"Intelligence is an established element of statecraft. One of its defining characteristics is secrecy. For much of the Twentieth Century this limited the insight the general population could gain into the secret state. Mostly, the diet available was geared toward offering a sugar-rush - with tales of espionage, daring-do, leaks and scandals. But this is no longer the case. Intelligence, broadly defined, is an accepted and rapidly evolving topic of academic study and political debate. But there is much work left to do to broaden the field beyond its traditional, largely Anglo-centric origins. This book offers an agenda for doing so. In the introduction we survey the nature of the field of intelligence studies, and comment on the directions in which it is expanding and developing.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/23YV8PUI,2022/11/04,"Robert M. Dover, Huw Dylan, Michael S. Goodman",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2023-12-26T20:54:39Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6848,From Vauxhall Cross with Love: Intelligence in Popular Culture,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/spinning-intelligence-9780199326945?cc=us&lang=en&#,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NAVERXWJ,2009-10-22,Robert M. Dover,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T20:53:12Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,"Spinning intelligence: why intelligence needs the media, why the media needs intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6849,Bedmates or Sparring Partners? Canadian Perspectives on the Media-Intelligence Relationship in 'The New Propaganda Age',Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/spinning-intelligence-9780199326945?cc=us&lang=en&#,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N5QE6JTX,2009-10-22,Tony Campbell,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T20:52:25Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],,"Spinning intelligence: why intelligence needs the media, why the media needs intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6850,All the Secrets That Are Fit to Print? The Media and US Intelligence Agencies Before and After 9/11,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/spinning-intelligence-9780199326945?cc=us&lang=en&#,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AZWJCFUH,2009-10-22,"Steve Hewitt, Scott Lucas",Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T20:51:30Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],,"Spinning intelligence: why intelligence needs the media, why the media needs intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6851,Intelligence Secrets and Media Spotlights: Balancing Illumination and Dark Corners,Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/spinning-intelligence-9780199326945?cc=us&lang=en&#,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9H8SWI5E,2009-10-22,David Omand,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T20:44:52Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'DVEM4H4W']",,"Spinning intelligence: why intelligence needs the media, why the media needs intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6852,"Regulation by Revelation? Intelligence, the Media and Transparency",Book chapter,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/spinning-intelligence-9780199326945?cc=us&lang=en&#,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8AGQFLFY,2009-10-22,Richard J. Aldrich,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T20:50:30Z,['2Y7S43YJ'],,"Spinning intelligence: why intelligence needs the media, why the media needs intelligence",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6853,"Spinning Intelligence: Why Intelligence Needs the Media, why the Media Needs Intelligence",Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/spinning-intelligence-9780199326945?cc=us&lang=en&#,"Throughout the twentieth century, especially during wartime and the Cold War, intelligence agents routinely used the media to publish and broadcast material that would deceive external enemies, thwart domestic subversion or simply to change the way readers thought about fascism or communism. Today stories are chanelled to journalists in order to promote a news agenda deemed favourable to MI5, MI6 or to the CIA, or to 'spin' the coverage of key issues. Investigative reporters often have a more adversarial relationship with the security services, seeing them as over-mighty agents of the state who should be subjected to forensic scrutiny of what they get up too - allegedly for the public good. The furore over 'rendition' of terrorist suspects by the CIA and the complicity of British agencies in this process is but one example of journalists uncovering practices that the intelligence community would rather have kept secret. The contributors to this book, drawn from former intelligence officers, the media and academia, explore this intriguing and often fraught contest, shedding light on many hitherto unknown aspects of the intriguing and symbiotic relationship between the 'second oldest profession' and the print and broadcast media. Speaking from the perspective of the journalist are Chapman Pincher and Gordon Corera (Security Editor, BBC), whose essays trace the evolving relationship between news media outlets and the government, especially with regards to advances in technology. Reporting from the perspective of the political institution are Sir David Omand, Nick Wilkinson, Michael Goodman, and Anthony Campbell, who explain governmental oversight of intelligence agencies, the operation of clandestine information units, and the laws that govern the control of information. Richard Aldrich investigates the exploitation of the globalized media by intelligence agencies; Scott Lucas and Steve Hewitt tackle the CIA's use of open sources for intelligence purposes; and, Wyn Bowen examines the real-world use of open source intelligence in rolling back Libya's nuclear program. Robert Dover and Pierre Lethier explore the depiction of intelligence in popular culture, a practice that helped create rendition and facilitate torture, and condition our responses to both. In the final essay, Patrick Porter focuses on cultural representations of the war on terror.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YNG2X4JN,2009,"Robert Dover, Michael S. Goodman",Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T20:18:36Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', '9YH9YSYQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6854,Future roles of the UK intelligence system,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-international-studies/article/abs/future-roles-of-the-uk-intelligence-system/9A25C34BC464545344863422450EE064,"The UK intelligence system is engaged in three distinct roles – producing strategic assessments in the traditional way; acting as a ‘global policeman’ by monitoring terrorist and criminal networks; and raising the capability of other countries to defeat terrorist and insurgency groups. Counter-intuitively, it is perhaps the first role that is most questionable. The use of single source intelligence reporting, drawn from individuals selected principally for their willingness to share secrets, may not be the best way to analyse emerging issues such as climate change, energy security and financial stability. The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) may be drawing on too narrow a range of reporting to compete with increasingly sophisticated assessments from the private sector, academia and NGOs. In any event, the JIC has less impact on policy than is often imagined. The second task of ‘global networker’ is better-suited to the intelligence community's ability to combine human intelligence with communications intelligence and bulk data gathering, and is producing results. The third task of helping other countries to enforce the law and resist insurgency is proceeding on an ad hoc basis with occasional successes, but requires co-ordination across Whitehall so that improvements in the capabilities of other countries' intelligence services are accompanied by improved police and justice systems and enhanced oversight. Joint Intelligence Committee perhaps ought to be a Joint Action Committee.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AR5ANJID,2009-10-28,Stevyn D. Gibson,Cambridge University Press,Review of International Studies,2023-12-26T20:24:26Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1017/S0260210509990350,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2117157216,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2117157216,2013.0,2023.0,2009.0,,4.0 6855,The Rise and Fall of Intelligence,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/The-Rise-and-Fall-of-Intelligence,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QDZ4LJZE,2014-03-01,Michael Warner,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T20:23:22Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6856,Intelligence and the risk of nuclear war: Memories and anniversaries: challenges and opportunities,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315817279-4/intelligence-risk-nuclear-war-len-scott?context=ubx&refId=efd33fc4-2d56-441b-b49f-3f0e07018579,Intelligence and the risk of nuclear war - 1 - Memories and anniversaries: challenges and opportunities,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4KDU4REE,2014,Len Scott,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:21:34Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,An International History of the Cuban Missile Crisis,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6857,The Joint Intelligence Committee and the Cuban missile crisis,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315817279-7/joint-intelligence-committee-cuban-missile-crisis-michael-goodman,The Joint Intelligence Committee and the Cuban missile crisis - 1,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9ZB2MNZE,2014,Michael S. Goodman,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:20:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,An International History of the Cuban Missile Crisis,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6858,British Intelligence and the Fear of a Soviet Attack on Allied Communications,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01611194.2015.1028686,"This article considers British intelligence fears about a Soviet attack on Allied communications. It includes a reproduction of a 1959 assessment by the Joint Intelligence Committee focusing on the means of communication across the Atlantic, and the means by which the Soviet Union could interfere or intercept them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/73WU4VEM,2016-01-02,"Michael Goodman, Huw Dylan",Taylor and Francis,Cryptologia,2023-12-26T20:16:43Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/01611194.2015.1028686,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2229325204,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2229325204,2015.0,2024.0,2015.0,,0.0 6859,Intelligence analysis in the knowledge age : an analysis of the challenges facing the practice of intelligence analysis,Thesis,https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/3993e71a-e09d-4c4c-86f8-7205a89b5b1d,"The intelligence community throughout the world is still reeling after several intelligence failures. Proposals to improve Intelligence Analysis have had little impact as analysts, their managers and their organisations continue to cling to outdated threat perceptions, methodologies and organisational structures and cultures. This thesis looks through the lens of Knowledge Management at the various challenges that the Intelligence Analysis practice is faced with in the Knowledge Age. Firstly, theories and concepts from Intelligence Analysis are challenged when compared with those in Knowledge Management and the possibility of applying new vocabularies in intelligence is discussed. The second challenge intelligence analysts face is to understand and adapt to the changed world with its connected, non-linear and rapidly enfolding events and patterns which broadens their scope to a multi-faceted, complex and multi-disciplinary threat picture. The third challenge is to re-look the existing analytical methodologies, tools and techniques, realising that these are most probably inadequate in a complex environment. The fourth challenge Intelligence Analysis faces is to reach out to other disciplines and assess how new analytical techniques, both intuitive and structured, as well as cognitive models, collaborative and organisational structure concepts from within the Knowledge Management discipline can improve Intelligence Analysis’ grasp of the Knowledge Age. In conclusion, it is argued that intelligence analysts might be ready to reinvent themselves to address Knowledge Age issues, but that intelligence organisations are not able to support a new intelligence paradigm while still clinging to threat perceptions and structures befitting the Cold War. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die internasionale intelligensie gemeenskap steier steeds na verskeie intelligensie terugslae die afgelope dekade. Voorstelle om intelligensie analise te verbeter het weinig impak terwyl analiste, hulle bestuurders en organisasies voortgaan om vas te hou aan uitgediende bedreigingsperspesies, analitiese metodes en organisatoriese strukture en kulture. Deur die lens van Kennis Bestuur, poog hierdie verhandeling om die verskeie uitdagings wat die Intelligensie Analise praktyk in die Kennis Era in die gesig staar, te identifiseer. Eerstens word bestaande teorieë en konsepte in Intelligensie Analise met dié in Kennis Bestuur vergelyk en die moontlikheid van ‘n nuwe woordeskat vir intelligensie word bespreek. Die tweede uitdaging vir intelligensie analiste is om by die nuwe wêreld en versnellende verandering aan te pas. Hulle word nou gekonfronteer met ‘n bedreigingsprent wat veelvlakkig, kompleks en multi-dissiplinêr is. Die derde uitdaging is om die bestaande analitiese metodologiëe, hulpmiddels en tegnieke te herwaardeer in die lig van hierdie nuwe wêreld. Die vierde uitdaging is om na ander dissiplines, insluitend dié van Kennis Bestuur, uit te reik sodat Intelligensie Analise verbeter kan word deur die toepassing van hierdie dissiplines se analitiese metodes (beide intuitief en gestruktureerd), hul kognitiewe en samewerkings modelle, sowel as organisasie struktuur konsepte. Laastens word geargumenteer dat Intelligensie Analiste dalk gereed is om hulself te vernuwe, maar dat hul intelligensie organisasies nie ‘n nuwe intelligensie paradigma kan ondersteun terwyl hulle voortgaan om bedreigingspersepsies, strukture en bestuurbeginsels toe te pas wat eerder by die Koue Oorlog tuis hoort nie.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GFATE72C,2010-03,Magdalena A. Duvenage,,,2023-12-26T20:15:02Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,MPhil Thesis,University of Stellenbosch,,,,,,,,, 6860,"Open source intelligence: Academic research, journalism or spying?",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-29/open-source-intelligence-chris-westcott?context=ubx&refId=643f443e-ceea-4c1d-b721-f7b5042d9ab1,"This chapter attempts to navigate that evolving open source intelligence (OSINT) landscape, pointing out in the process some of the challenging terrain of this new world, along with some of it sunny uplands. Open sources exploded and with it the old OSINT model of observing and understanding ‘broadcast’ sources came under unmanageable strain. The social media entrepreneurs, feeling their way to making money from Metcalfe’s Law, added a new paradigm to the increasingly cluttered OSINT landscape – that of the ‘many to many’ interaction. Recognising the OSINT impact of the social media’s ‘many to many’ paradigm has led a former senior member of the UK intelligence community, and a noted academic, to coin the term Social Media Intelligence – social media intelligence. OSINT has clearly delivered value to its users for more than a millennium, transcending the revolutions of print, the telegraph and analogue broadcast media.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WXKNXVF9,2019,Chris Westcott,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:11:15Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6861,‘Men of the Professor Type’ revisited: Building a partnership between academic research and national security,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-28/men-professor-type-revisited-tristram-riley-smith?context=ubx&refId=7601d3fa-ab3e-4e3a-a7b9-1e28d8a688f4,"National Security agencies and departments are perceived by academics as being over-secretive and impenetrable: it is difficult to reach relevant decision makers, and there is more ‘take’ than ‘give’. This chapter presents the insights from that year-long research, where a key input was over seventy-five interviews conducted with academics, Government officials and private sector representatives. It focuses on the experience of putting those insights into practice, as Champion of the UK Research Councils’ Partnership for Conflict, Crime and Security Research (PaCCS) – formerly known as the Global Uncertainties Programme. PaCCS has been instigated by the UK’s Research Councils to improve understanding of current and future security challenges. The US had its own champion of scholarship in the head of the Office of Strategic Services: William J. Donovan had a high regard for the professors in his Research & Analysis Branch, ‘placing them above diplomats, scientists, and “even lawyers and bankers”’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R657XFGJ,2019,Tristram Riley-Smith,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:10:58Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6862,Between Lucky Jim and George Smiley: The public policy role of intelligence scholars,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-25/lucky-jim-george-smiley-robert-dover-michael-goodman?context=ubx&refId=11b2b228-8eb1-4479-90af-f261188b3857,"This chapter explores the impact academia that can have on the government’s analytical function. It aims to explain several important agendas for researchers engaged in the arts, humanities and social sciences aiming to generate ‘research impact’ and policy relevance. The chapter examines the generation of impact with the UK’s government’s central machinery for analysis, and it does this via a series of UK research council funded projects, collectively known as ‘Lessons Learned’. The government’s national security community could quite feasibly increase its contacts across a wide range of disciplines, research organisations, universities and think tanks both in the UK and abroad. There are good moral, intellectual and practical reasons to promote high impact, in addition to the contractual compulsion engaged that is generated by the presence of the impact agenda in the Research Excellence Framework in the 2014 exercise and the one that reports in 2021.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HAHSRYZ7,2019,"Robert M. Dover, Michael S. Goodman",Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:10:01Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6863,Experimenting with intelligence education: Overcoming design challenges in multidisciplinary intelligence analysis programs,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-21/experimenting-intelligence-education-stephen-marrin-sophie-cienski?context=ubx&refId=415e5676-f846-4d3a-b3c5-4d1db107d950,"Designing the educational curricula for undergraduate intelligence analysis programs is inherently difficult, as they entail highly complex, interwoven degree structures that integrate liberal arts knowledge with professional skills in novel combinations. This chapter discusses the concepts from existing educational literature to develop an evaluative framework for intelligence analysis programs in the United States and then applies that framework to James Madison University’s intelligence analysis program as a case study. It argues that challenges and tensions can arise from efforts to combine liberal arts with professional education, which highlight difficulties of achieving both simultaneously due to the tradeoffs involved. Academic studies of intelligence education have not yet used the educational literature to create a conceptual baseline for evaluation purposes. Procedural knowledge—to include knowledge about intelligence analysis—provides contextual knowledge about the working conditions and environment of the intelligence analyst. As the James Madison University Intelligence Analysis program shows, there is significant value to intelligence analysis as an undergraduate professional degree.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W73QAPV9,2019,"Stephen Marrin, Sophie Cienski",Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:09:07Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6864,Intelligent studies: Degrees in intelligence and the intelligence community,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-20/intelligent-studies-scott-parsons?context=ubx&refId=8d4b4485-b27b-471d-aeb8-d2178060c598,"This chapter provides a quick history of intelligence instruction and education. It discusses why the Intelligence Community (IC) is not the only industry interested in intelligence degrees and looks at ways to obtain intelligence degrees inside of the IC. The chapter also looks at the changes that have occurred in obtaining intelligence degrees in colleges and universities outside of the IC and contrast that with S. Coulthart and M. Crosston’s study. Intelligence education and training were offered almost exclusively through military intelligence (MI) training schools and in intelligence agencies through seminars, mini-courses, and on-the-job training. The intelligence foundation provided by MI programs is better termed intelligence training rather than the intelligence education that civilian universities provide. Members from most of the intelligence agencies in the IC are developing special relationships with universities. The National Intelligence University is a degree-granting institution that has a far-reaching mission to educate intelligence specialists in current and future national security challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9UEBTPZ6,2019,Scott Parsons,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:08:49Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6865,What do we teach when we teach intelligence ethics?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-18/teach-teach-intelligence-ethics-david-omand-mark-phythian?context=ubx&refId=fdb83e8c-63a3-4653-a1bc-3e9f9765dcf7,"Secret intelligence is widely accepted as essential to the tasks and a legitimate function of the nation-state, indeed one on which its legitimacy ultimately rests. The very purpose of acquiring intelligence is to improve governmental decision-making by reducing ignorance about the activities of those who mean harm, the dictators, terrorists, cyber attackers, narcotics gangs, pirates, people traffickers, and other serious criminals. The historical tradition for intelligence agencies has been consequentialist, justifying to themselves and their political masters the ethical rightness of their actions by the harms that their interventions prevented. The best that could be done would be to seek more detail, for example in published National Security Strategies, of what the priority threats are that justify intelligence capability. The secrecy that attaches to intelligence is at the root of a number of the ethical tensions that intelligence practice generates in liberal democratic contexts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W9DLTXK4,2019,"David Omand, Mark Phythian",Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:08:17Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6866,"A Missing Dimension No Longer: Intelligence Studies, Professor Christopher Andrew, and the University of Cambridge",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-17/missing-dimension-longer-daniel-larsen?context=ubx&refId=b5699992-c2ec-4c99-83fd-26bc771f06a4,"The active research community on intelligence in Cambridge has slowly become smaller since Professor Christopher Andrew formal retirement in 2011, but even so the University remains an active hub of important intelligence research. For centuries, the University of Cambridge has never been far from the world of intelligence. Yet although Cambridge’s history with the intelligence world has been long, few if any figures in that history realized their place in a much larger and longer Cambridge story. Christopher Andrew’s ground-breaking publications in the 1980s helped to launch intelligence studies as an academic field. The group provided a communication bridge between academics and the intelligence agencies over the growing mass of British intelligence documentation making its way into the public domain. Intelligence has had a centuries-long history amongst the narrow streets and the grand old colleges of Cambridge. This small, remarkable university town has been home to a very long intelligence story—one that has featured spies, codebreakers, traitors, and historians.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DLCY5VYV,2019,Daniel Larsen,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:07:44Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6867,The Oxford Intelligence Group,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-16/oxford-intelligence-group-gwilym-hughes?context=ubx&refId=88634ed2-0d6c-4b17-8ef6-ec454c9affd1,"This chapter describes how the Oxford Intelligence Group (OIG) has been self-questioning since inception but the Oriel Colloquium was the first time the group was itself the subject of inquiry rather than the means of inquiry. Hew Strachan and his colleague Dr Rob Johnson tended to use the OIG as the unofficial ‘intelligence wing’ of the Changing Character of War, for example when hosting the visiting Humanitas Professor in Intelligence Studies, General Michael Hayden. The OIG undoubtedly acquired a certain prestige from being located at Nuffield College. In 2014, the OIG embarked on its most ambitious project to date: the year-long project of ‘Snowden, the Media and the State’ – originally conceived as a joint programme of the Oxford Intelligence Group and the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Ethical considerations of intelligence activity have been a feature of OIG activity since the first Butler seminar of 2004.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q4KW98NR,2019,Gwilym Hughes,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:07:21Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6868,The Cambridge Spy Ring: The mystery of Wilfrid Mann,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-14/cambridge-spy-ring-andrew-lownie?context=ubx&refId=e7519d6d-a066-4e17-b35d-6278bfdc9454,"Wilfrid Mann served from 1943 to 1945 in the Scientific Office of the Ministry of Production in Washington living, according to FBI interviews, just outside Washington in Alexandria and Arlington. Mann’s work with accelerated helium atoms on copper and zinc targets led to the discovery of the radioisotopegallium-67 which is used in nuclear medicine. His office was in the ‘Rogues Gallery’, the secure area of the Embassy, and next door to those of Philby and Burgess. After the 1979 Boyle story broke, after representations by Mann, a press release was issued by the Office of the Secretary of Commerce Dr Wilfrid B Mann has been a longstanding and esteemed employee of the National Bureau of Standards. According to Ultimate Deception, the Russians never entirely trusted Mann and suspected that he was being ‘played back’ to them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WW4JYZBQ,2019,Andrew Lownie,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:06:46Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6869,The Chinese intelligence service,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-13/chinese-intelligence-service-nigel-inkster?context=ubx&refId=b3259f9e-0084-4106-827b-da3a98152f47,"In countries like the USA, the UK and Russia, intelligence work is seen as a prestige occupation with the intelligence agencies able to recruit high-quality applicants. The Chinese intelligence services are no exception in having a culture defined by their early experiences and political context. The role of intelligence in statecraft has had a long history within China beginning with Sunzi’s Bingfa, generally translated into English as The Art of War. In 1983, the re-established Investigation Department of the CCP was merged with the counter-intelligence and counter-espionage departments of the Ministry of Public Security to form a new Ministry of State Security. The Ministry of State Security (MSS) headquarter in Beijing comprises some eighteen bureaux covering different aspects of intelligence collection, analysis, counter-intelligence, counter-espionage, counter-terrorism, communications, technical imagery and administration. MSS targeting efforts against the USA were also greatly facilitated by cyberattacks on the database of the Office of Personnel Management that took place between 2014 and 2015.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9IG4VLZR,2019,Nigel Inkster,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:06:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6870,How Russia trains its spies: The past and present of Russian intelligence education,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-12/russia-trains-spies-filip-kovacevic?context=ubx&refId=ba62e340-b003-4826-a905-9b72bad25494,"The historical narrative of Russian intelligence education and training marked an important milestone in September 2018. The ‘educational Olympics’ are held every year from December to February all across Russia, from Kaliningrad to Khabarovsk. The head of the FSB Academy is general Yevgeny Sysoyev, a former FSB deputy director in charge of the Russian National Counterterrorism Committee, one of the highest posts in Russian intelligence. In contrast to most Western states, Russia has had a long tradition of higher education intelligence institutions being separate and autonomous units within the state educational system. The rationale for higher education intelligence institutional arrangement is to be found in the nature of the Russian political life. The history of the Institute goes back to the purges of the late 1930s when the Soviet leadership, suspicious of the extensive foreign penetration of the existing intelligence apparatus, decided to set up a completely new educational institution for foreign intelligence professionals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PKHESBKI,2019,Filip Kovacevic,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:05:23Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV']",,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6871,The German foreign intelligence agency (BND): Publicly addressing a clandestine history,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-10/german-foreign-intelligence-agency-bnd-bodo-hechelhammer?context=ubx&refId=5d0df0e3-455f-4299-8713-c1754955aaf0,"The Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND) is the foreign intelligence service of the Federal Republic of Germany. In 1950 prior to the BND’s official formation, the Bundesamt fur Verfassungsschutz was founded as a domestic intelligence agency and in 1951, the Federal Office of Criminal Investigation and the Federal Border Police were established under the police force. The BND requested if Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) files about the preceding BND organization could be reviewed by an external research institution before being made public. In 2002, the CIA honored their file sharing law and released the records of their connections to the BND predecessor. Leading up to the BND’s fiftieth anniversary in 2006, considerations for the project were made public and the idea of a historical research project became more concrete. Refusal of releasing foreign documents would be considered as a breach of trust by the intelligence service in question and would affect future cooperation with the BND.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TABEWTYC,2019,Bodo V. Hechelhammer,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:04:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6872,Understanding the relationships between academia and national security intelligence in the European context,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-9/understanding-relationships-academia-national-security-intelligence-european-context-rub%C3%A9n-arcos?context=ubx&refId=8a410504-69e3-4d81-8c19-6ec665a2ef27,"The intelligence institution has played an important role in some cases, providing an initial thrust by actively seeking the development of relationships with the academic community, or acting as a catalyst for moving the study of intelligence forward through the signing of collaboration agreements with universities, this being the case of countries like Spain. This chapter explores the specifics of the Academy’s collaborations with national securities agencies in European context. Academic research and education on issues of interest for the security and intelligence community position academic scholars as relevant stakeholders for intelligence organizations. Relationship building with academia and academic outreach by intelligence organizations needs to be conducted assuming these functions of the academic institution. The Central Intelligence Agency established back in 1966 the position of coordinator of Academic Relations. The position exists to make relations between the Agency and the academic world productive for the former and helpful to the latter.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6DG7E6DP,2019,Rubén Arcos,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:04:21Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6873,The relationship between intelligence and the academy in Canada,Book chapter,,"This chapter provides the contributory factors which have shaped the relationship between ‘spies and scholars’ and looks ahead to possible future developments. The readiness to assume that there is or should be a relationship between Intelligence and the academy derives from a shared intellectual activity – collection and analysis of information. In seeking a closer relationship with Intelligence, the Academy expects easier access to an enhanced flow of privileged information which would have both practical benefits and serve its longer-term capacity-building aims. Budgets became tighter, individuals and institutions became more risk averse and inward looking, and cost/benefit calculations regarding the relationship changed. Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) describes the initiative as ‘an experiment in developing a new relationship with the realm of research and myriad other sectors to draw maximum benefit from publicly available knowledge in support of CSIS and the rest of the Government of Canada’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y2JKRPRX,2019,Angela Gendron,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:03:50Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6874,"Datafication and universities: The convergence of spies, scholars and science",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-6/datafication-universities-richard-aldrich-melina-dobson?context=ubx&refId=3411304a-d6e2-4d53-bd8d-5466ddc23216,"Y. N. Harari explores ‘dataism’ or ‘datafication’, a viewpoint that suggests data-flows are the fundamental building blocks of the universe. Dataists argue that datafication is the natural development of humankind – but will eventually supersede it. The mathematician Phillip Rogaway has suggested that, because of ‘datafication’, academics stand on the brink of something that looks remarkably like a second atomic era, and that the place of scientists and scholars within it requires careful reconsideration. Datafication not only blurs the boundaries between intelligence and information, it also blurs the boundaries between surveillance, scholarship and science. Universities will therefore have a critical role to play at the interface of artificial intelligence and the security agencies. The chapter seeks to suggest that the fundamental role of academics in intelligence is rather different to the world of 1942. Universities have traditionally been bastions of liberal and humane values.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G5AH3I75,2019,"Richard J. Aldrich, Melina J. Dobson",Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:03:13Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6875,"‘What was needed were copyists, filers, and really intelligent men of capacity’: British signals intelligence and the universities, 1914–1992",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-5/needed-copyists-filers-really-intelligent-men-capacity-john-ferris?context=ubx&refId=64aa6e3d-a000-4d88-ad29-830016434b78,"British signals intelligence has been hidden in secrecy. Before 1914, the British fighting services knew that in case of war, they must create units to intercept wireless communications and attack enciphered ones. British censorship hampered the ability of enemy states to communicate with foreign governments, and their civilians or firms from conducting their business. War Trade Intelligence Department (WTID) also was the most academic of British intelligence agencies during this war. WTID included dons from many—probably all—British universities, especially historians, such as Robert Sangster Rait, then the Professor of Scottish History and Literature at The University of Glasgow. Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) was more like a university than a government department, focused on research and the dissemination of knowledge, divided into Senior Assistants and Junior Assistants. The universities were also GC&CS’s source for expansion in case of war. GC&CS thought that in another war as in the last one, a few hundred people would conduct codebreaking.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WWYJPVUV,2019,"John R. Ferris, Liam Francis Gearon",Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:02:48Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'T92JK7A5']",,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6876,"The FBI, cybersecurity, and American campuses: Academia, government, and industry as allies in cybersecurity effectiveness",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-4/fbi-cybersecurity-american-campuses-kevin-powers-james-burns?context=ubx&refId=06c18e43-7825-4cbd-8d5f-9d990fdb15f9,"Administrators at Boston College in the Woods College of Advancing Studies (WCAS) formed a “cybersecurity task force,” made up of representatives from academia, private industry, and government, to develop and implement a cybersecurity graduate program aligned with the current needs of industry and government. The Dean WCAS at Boston College initiated the research and benchmarking for developing a cybersecurity graduate program in April 2014. The Cybersecurity Framework’s prioritized, flexible, and cost-effective approach helps to promote the protection and resilience of critical infrastructure and other sectors important to the economy and national security”. The foregoing exploration of a recently launched and currently successful cybersecurity program allows for a deeper understanding and richer context of the framework related to the development, implementation, and maintenance of such an academic program. The chapter seeks to provide broad guidance based on the unique experience of a particular program developed under a singular set of variables.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3NEDT837,2019,"Kevin Powers, James Burns, Liam Francis Gearon",Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:02:01Z,"['8XXD789V', 'H28QZ8XV']",,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6877,"American universities, the CIA, and the teaching of national security intelligence",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-3/american-universities-cia-teaching-national-security-intelligence-loch-johnson?context=ubx&refId=1e01857f-c1f0-4c8e-b511-a9ea761d2e29,"The Committee learned, as well about Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) covert actions aimed at preventing the election of Salvador Allende of Chile, and, if he were elected, operations to destroy his regime. The bridges that link the CIA to America’s campuses are multiple and well-traveled. The Intelligence Authorization Act of 1997 demonstrated that relationships between the CIA and journalists in the United States can be guided by statute. The theoretical approach may incorporate intelligence in the classroom as a module in a mix of other topics related to decision-making in international affairs, such as the war powers, the treaty powers, economic statecraft, development assistance, and the soft powers of cultural and moral suasion. In contrast, and similar to a business school model, the clinical teaching of intelligence is career-oriented: giving students an edge in the competition for jobs and promotions in a nation’s intelligence hierarchy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N6H3IPAV,2019,Loch K. Johnson,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:01:23Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6878,The university-security-intelligence nexus: Four domains,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203702086-2/university-security-intelligence-nexus-liam-francis-gearon?context=ubx&refId=f0e01d94-92af-4929-be33-7ed3486e91fa,"The Bodleian is the main library of the University of Oxford. The Bodleian’s centuries-old holdings of knowledge in the physical forms of books, journals and electronic sources cross the University’s four academic divisions, its departments and faculties, and its constituent colleges. Recruitment of personnel from more exclusively university rather than military backgrounds led fairly directly, if slowly and by literal degrees, to the security and intelligence agencies learning from the Academy. The commonplace notion of the universities-security-intelligence nexus retains an aura of oft-glamorised secrecy, a world of the academy and the elite, of covert, derring-do and subversive operations. The epistemological richness of security and intelligence knowledge in an age itself over-rich in information presents multiple operational problems. The relationship between security and the academic discipline of security studies is an ambivalent one. The idea in obvious ways pervades the modus operandi of security and intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6RE7UTJV,2019,Liam Francis Gearon,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:00:32Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6879,"The Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies",Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203702086/routledge-international-handbook-universities-security-intelligence-studies-liam-gearon,"In an era of intensified international terror, universities have been increasingly drawn into an arena of locating, monitoring and preventing such threats, forcing them into often covert relationships with the security and intelligence agencies. With case studies from across the world, the Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies provides a comparative, in-depth analysis of the historical and contemporary relationships between global universities, national security and intelligence agencies. Written by leading international experts and from multidisciplinary perspectives, the Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies provides theoretical, methodological and empirical definition to academic, scholarly and research enquiry at the interface of higher education, security and intelligence studies. Divided into eight sections, the Handbook explores themes such as: the intellectual frame for our understanding of the university-security-intelligence network; historical, contemporary and future-looking interactions from across the globe; accounts of individuals who represent the broader landscape between universities and the security and intelligence agencies; the reciprocal interplay of personnel from universities to the security and intelligence agencies and vice versa; the practical goals of scholarship, research and teaching of security and intelligence both from within universities and the agencies themselves; terrorism research as an important dimension of security and intelligence within and beyond universities; the implication of security and intelligence in diplomacy, journalism and as an element of public policy; the extent to which security and intelligence practice, research and study far exceeds the traditional remit of commonly held notions of security and intelligence. Bringing together a unique blend of leading academic and practitioner authorities on security and intelligence, the Routledge International Handbook of Universities, Security and Intelligence Studies is an essential and authoritative guide for researchers and policymakers looking to understand the relationship between universities, the security services and the intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J6AEFS9C,2019-10-23,Liam Francis Gearon,Routledge,,2023-12-26T20:00:07Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.4324/9780203702086,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3003978393,21.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3003978393,2019.0,2025.0,2019.0,,0.0 6880,A Modern-Day Requirement for Co-Ordinated Covert Action,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2016.1174478,"Covert action can be an important weapon in a state’s arsenal. It is, however, inherently controversial and risky. Rory Cormac, Michael S Goodman and Tom Holman argue that when considering covert action, Whitehall should look to lessons from the recent past. The UK has long used covert action, and how best to manage and co-ordinate such sensitive activity was for many decades a key preoccupation of its policy-makers and politicians. Given the secrecy involved, these lessons, and the machinery created, have been lost to history. Yet with covert action seemingly now back on the agenda, previous experience and hard-learnt lessons have assumed renewed importance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EY6VQI2Q,2016-03-03,"Rory Cormac, Michael S Goodman, Tom Holman",Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2023-12-26T19:56:57Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/03071847.2016.1174478,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2336789230,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2336789230,2017.0,2022.0,2016.0,http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32687/,1.0 6881,The grandfather of the hydrogen bomb?: Anglo-American intelligence and Klaus Fuchs,Journal article,https://online.ucpress.edu/hsns/article/34/1/1/105873/The-grandfather-of-the-hydrogen-bomb-Anglo,"ABSTRACT:. It has been assumed that Klaus Fuchs could not have provided significant information to the Soviet Union regarding the hydrogen bomb because the calculations he took with him from Los Alamos were flawed. Recent evidence from British, American and former Soviet sources suggest that Fuchs played an invaluable role in the early development of thermonuclear weapons in all three countries. This article considers this new evidence and places Fuchs' role in the development of the H-bomb in the context of intelligence estimates that arose following his arrest.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ECJ84QCX,2003/09/01,Michael S. Goodman,University of California Press,Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences,2023-12-26T19:56:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1525/hsps.2003.34.1.1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988307677,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988307677,2012.0,2016.0,2003.0,,9.0 6882,Spy Chiefs: Volume 1: Intelligence Leaders in the United States and United Kingdom,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Spy-Chiefs-Volume-1,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LRT2GSMD,2018-02-01,"Christopher Moran, Mark Stout, Ioanna Iordanou, Paul Maddrell",Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:54:34Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6883,"Jones' Paradigm: The How, Why, and Wherefore of Scientific Intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520902819651,"Scientific intelligence was coined during World War II, yet despite its age and relative importance it has not received the attention it should have. This is surprising given the recent and growing interest in WMD programmes. This article sets out the main components of scientific intelligence, seeking to explore how scientific intelligence has been defined, how it operates, and contemplates the key issues involved. In doing so it aims to set an agenda for future research into this crucial area.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/45J2Z7TJ,2009-04-01,Michael S. Goodman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T19:52:45Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684520902819651,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1967241476,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1967241476,2014.0,2021.0,2009.0,,5.0 6884,"Creating the Machinery for Joint Intelligence: The Formative Years of the Joint Intelligence Committee, 1936–1956",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1177395,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N235BVYZ,2017-01-02,Michael S. Goodman,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-12-26T19:39:08Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2016.1177395,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2328782832,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2328782832,2018.0,2025.0,2016.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/60861537/The_Formative_Years_of_the_JIC_1_.pdf,2.0 6885,Impactful scholarship in intelligence: a public policy challenge,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1057/s41293-018-0078-8,"This paper primarily concerns the potential impact academia can have on the government’s analytical functions and the necessary conditions and hindrances in making such an impact. In doing so, it addresses several important agendas for researchers engaged in the arts, humanities and social sciences aiming to generate ‘research impact’ and policy relevance. Narrowly, this research evaluates the generation of impact with the UK’s government’s central machinery for analysis. It makes this evaluation from primary data derived from several iterations of a research council-funded project, collectively known as ‘Lessons Learned’. The paper also presents an analysis of the business of ‘impact’ and why these activities present enduring challenges to individual scholars, universities and end-users.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3NKKPKB7,2018-09-01,"Robert Dover, Michael S. Goodman",,British Politics,2023-12-26T19:38:29Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1057/s41293-018-0078-8,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2781545939,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2781545939,2020.0,2020.0,2018.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/88138440/Impactful_scholarship_in_intelligence_DOVER_Publishedonline28February2018_GREEN_AAM.pdf,2.0 6886,Avoiding Surprise: The Nicoll Report and Intelligence Analysis,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Learning-from-the-Secret-Past,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U6LUBSJT,2011,Michael S. Goodman,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:37:14Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,Learning from the Secret Past: Cases in British Intelligence History,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6887,"Oleg Penkovsky, British Intelligence, and the Cuban Missile Crisis",Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Learning-from-the-Secret-Past,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J2VNIWUT,2011,Len Scott,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:36:08Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,Learning from the Secret Past: Cases in British Intelligence History,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6888,Suez and the Threat to UK Interests Overseas,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Learning-from-the-Secret-Past,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQWSAEN8,2011,Gill Bennett,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:34:46Z,['6XBG92FJ'],,Learning from the Secret Past: Cases in British Intelligence History,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6889,“A Skeleton in Our Cupboard”: British Interrogation Procedures in Northern Ireland,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Learning-from-the-Secret-Past,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QX3CRUTF,2011,Richard J. Aldrich,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:33:30Z,['V7KUA58M'],,Learning from the Secret Past: Cases in British Intelligence History,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6890,Intelligence and Counterinsurgency: The Malayan Experience,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Learning-from-the-Secret-Past,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QEDLVVC7,2011,Matthew Jones,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:32:11Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,Learning from the Secret Past: Cases in British Intelligence History,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6891,“A Formidable Power to Cause Trouble for the Government”? Intelligence Oversight and the Creation of the UK Intelligence and Security Committee,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Learning-from-the-Secret-Past,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G6SCKNQJ,2011,Peter Gill,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:29:12Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Learning from the Secret Past: Cases in British Intelligence History,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6892,Political Interference in the Intelligence Process: The Case of Iraqi WMD,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Learning-from-the-Secret-Past,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MRBRS9M5,2011,Mark Phythian,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:30:46Z,['CGAXYI88'],,Learning from the Secret Past: Cases in British Intelligence History,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6893,The Post-War Organization of Intelligence: The January 1945 Report to the Joint Intelligence Committee on “The Intelligence Machine”,Book chapter,https://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Learning-from-the-Secret-Past,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QXZPCKQE,2011,Michael Herman,Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:27:12Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Learning from the Secret Past: Cases in British Intelligence History,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6894,Learning from the Secret Past: Cases in British Intelligence History,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/Book/Learning-from-the-Secret-Past,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RZ8CZ6PN,2011,"Robert M. Dover, Michael S. Goodman",Georgetown University Press,,2023-12-26T19:24:28Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6895,"British intelligence and the Soviet atomic bomb, 1945–1950",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390412331303005,"With relations with the Soviet Union growing ever ‘hotter’, it became essential for the British to comprehend Soviet atomic development. However, British intelligence had to rely on more overt methods of intelligence collection, which provided an inadequate basis from which to proceed. This was further hindered by the interpretation of such information on the basis of Anglo-American development and by the 1946 McMahon Act. Accordingly the first Soviet atomic bomb in August 1949 was not accurately predicted by the British. Meanwhile British war planning centred on the year 1957, based – it was argued – on strategic forecasts. Yet the impact of recently released intelligence material throws this into question, and instead reveals that the date reflected British war readiness, rather than when British intelligence predicted the Soviet Union would have achieved the nuclear capability to wage a successful war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YW23RTJE,2003-06-01,Michael Goodman,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2023-12-26T19:22:25Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/01402390412331303005,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1993405973,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1993405973,2014.0,2021.0,2003.0,,11.0 6896,What Analysts Need to Understand: The King’s Intelligence Studies Program,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-52-no-4/what-analysts-need-to-understand-the-kings-intelligence-studies-program/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6RD76VLB,2008-12-01,"Michael S. Goodman, David Omand",,Studies in Intelligence,2023-12-26T19:20:52Z,['H28QZ8XV'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6897,Social Media Intelligence (SOCMINT),Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53675-4_20,"Social media intelligence (SOCMINT) is an increasingly important component of digital intelligence, itself now a major source of information for police, security and intelligence authorities on the identities, location, movement, financing and intentions of their suspects. The growth in use of social media for these purposes is explained, with examples of tactical, operational and strategic use. Issues around the use of data analytics and computerized sentiment analysis are explored. The legal and ethical implications of state monitoring of social media are examined critically with the example of the UK as a nation that has comprehensive legislation and oversight to ensure respect for personal privacy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RA42QRNP,2017,David Omand,Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2023-12-26T19:19:20Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1057/978-1-137-53675-4_20,"The Palgrave Handbook of Security, Risk and Intelligence",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2728782755,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2728782755,2018.0,2025.0,2017.0,,1.0 6898,Globalisation and Intelligence,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53675-4_15,"Cold War intelligence was an undoubtedly globalised business, but over the past decade the trend accelerated and intensified. The campaign against transnational terror has been one of the main driving forces behind this development. But, transnational terror is but one threat that has been nurtured by our shrinking world. Increasingly permeable borders, mobile populations, regional instability, global finance and communications have created myriad security challenges. Western intelligence has adapted by expanding cooperation arrangements, but its overwhelming focus on terror, and the lack of effective global governance structures, leaves hugely destructive forces practically unchecked. Consequently, dealing with phenomena like global organised crime in a globalised but politically fractured world will remain a major challenge for the future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PSV2YDDX,2017,Zakia Shiraz,Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2023-12-26T19:18:17Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1057/978-1-137-53675-4_15,"The Palgrave Handbook of Security, Risk and Intelligence",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2726523123,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2726523123,2022.0,2024.0,2017.0,,5.0 6899,‘The More Things Change’: HUMINT in the Cyber Age,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53675-4_12,"From targeting to recruitment, clandestine handling to intelligence collection and processing, no aspect of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) operations remains unaffected by the profound impact of technological development, particularly in cyberspace. Rapid innovation in this domain has both enabled and encumbered the gathering of intelligence via human sources, and in some respects even altered the established human agent acquisition cycle itself. Although perhaps some aspects of twenty-first century HUMINT techniques would be unfamiliar to John Le Carre’s Cold Warrior, George Smiley, he would surely maintain that personal interaction remains the heart of HUMINT, and no amount of cyber-interaction can replace the close bond between an intelligence officer and his or her agent. In the cyber era, HUMINT will become even more complex, and case officers, their managers, and their political masters will need to understand the significant role of technology in their operations, the creative and persistent counterintelligence threats, and how intelligence collection is evolving faster than ever before.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UD4XDNXR,2017,David V. Gioe,Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2023-12-26T19:17:56Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1057/978-1-137-53675-4_12,"The Palgrave Handbook of Security, Risk and Intelligence",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2732326338,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2732326338,2019.0,2025.0,2017.0,,2.0 6900,"With a Little Help from My Friends: The Anglo–American Atomic Intelligence Partnership, 1945–1958",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592290601163068,"This article looks at the Anglo–American atomic intelligence relationship in the early post-war period. In 1946 the wartime sharing of technical atomic information was terminated; despite this barrier, atomic intelligence relations continued and given the common objective of discerning Soviet capabilities, flourished. The close relationship offered many mutual benefits to both sides. As such, the atomic intelligence relationship was to become a crucial instrument in achieving a resumption of relations in 1958, what Prime Minister Harold Macmillan referred to as the “great prize.” This article details the composition of the Anglo–American special-relationship's special-relationship, describing joint operations and placing these within the normal nuclear partnership at this time.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3BT3LG4F,2007-02-22,Michael Goodman,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2023-12-26T19:16:50Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/09592290601163068,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051262436,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051262436,2012.0,2023.0,2007.0,,5.0 6901,Spying on the Nuclear Bear: Anglo-American Intelligence and the Soviet Bomb,Book,https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=10680,"Drawing on oral testimony, previously unseen personal papers, and newly released archival information, this book provides a comprehensive account of British and American intelligence on the Soviet nuclear weapons program from 1945-1958. The book charts new territory, revising traditional accounts of Anglo-American nuclear relations and intelligence cooperation. It reveals how intelligence was collected: the roles played by defectors, aerial reconnaissance, and how novel forms of espionage were perfected to penetrate the Soviet nuclear program. It documents what conclusions were drawn from this information, and assesses the resulting estimates. Throughout the book a central theme is the Anglo-American partnership, depicting how it developed and how legal restrictions could be circumvented by cunning and guile.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E3U8LLJ7,2007,Michael S. Goodman,Stanford University Press,,2023-12-26T19:14:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6902,Intelligence in the Cyber Era: Evolution or Revolution?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.13031,"THE EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL HYPERCONNECTIVITY through computer networks has occasioned much marvel, reflection, and commentary on its implications for everything from “just-in-time” supply chain management to the Internet of Things. These developments are also consequential in national security and intelligence. What must objectively be seen as technological progress has also sparked debates that would have been unimaginable half a century ago, and in fields far beyond computer and political sciences. The desire to protect informational assets from theft, subversion, and degradation and questions about how to exploit networked computing for strategic gain have spurred remarkable developments in intelligence collection, policy, doctrine, law, strategy, and even ethical norms. There are active debates about how cyber considerations affect each field touched by them, and it seems that there remain more unsettled than settled questions about cyber power as a lever of statecraft in the twenty-first century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R3SFKHIJ,2020-06-01,"David V. Gioe, Michael S. Goodman, Tim Stevens",,Political Science Quarterly,2023-12-26T19:12:08Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1002/polq.13031,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3035858724,41.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3035858724,2020.0,2025.0,2020.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/113868884/25_JUL_Intelligence_in_the_Cyber_Era_Gioe_Goodman_Stevens_PURE.pdf,0.0 6903,The British Way in Intelligence,Book chapter,https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=R4uvAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA127&dq=michael+goodman+intelligence&ots=-7YXMmtKVK&sig=z6EgN9mi384sm0Ut7_UgyIeTa_M&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=michael%20goodman%20intelligence&f=false,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8KY5UKV,2009,Michael S. Goodman,Continuum Books,,2023-12-26T19:09:55Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,"The British Way in Cold Warfare: Intelligence, Diplomacy and the Bomb 1945-1975",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6904,The intelligence‐deception complex: An anatomy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528908432024,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TLUDKG5A,1989-10-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T19:04:13Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684528908432024,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2051951712,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2051951712,2023.0,2024.0,1989.0,,34.0 6905,"“Worthy of Some Better Enemy?”: The British Estimate of the Imperial Japanese Army 1919-41, and the Fall of Singapore",Journal article,https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/abs/10.3138/cjh.28.2.223,"This article examines British assessments of the characteristics and quality of the Japanese Army between 1919-41, and their effect on the British debacle in Asia during 1941-42. It concludes that the estimates made by British observers in Japan and officially accepted by the war office were far more accurate than is usually recognized. Professional British analysts not only understood their enemy but often were sentimental Japanophiles. Their reports are a valuable source on the training, tactics and preparations of the Japanese Army between the wars. This article examines the process of observation, generalization, analysis and synthesis involved in estimation and the intellectual framework and images of Japan which shaped that process. It shows that these assessments were not dominated by racist ideology. Instead, forms of ethnocentrism and ideas of “national character” were the main cause for errors by the professionals, and these errors were not substantial. This article also demonstrates that another school of thought about the Japanese Army persisted among British officers, whose views were far less accurate than those of the professionals and far more influenced by vulgar racism. This article shows how it was that by 1941 this second school came to dominate the views of the Japanese Army held by British garrisons in Asia, but not by the war office. It discusses how far miscalculations of this kind contributed to the destruction of Britain’s empire in southeast Asia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H756CTZL,1993-08,John Ferris,University of Toronto Press,Canadian Journal of History,2023-12-26T19:01:50Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.3138/cjh.28.2.223,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2237838705,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2237838705,2013.0,2013.0,1993.0,,20.0 6906,10. Issues Of Strategic Intelligence: Anglo-German Relations And The Russo-Japanese War,Book chapter,https://brill.com/display/book/9789004213326/Bej.9781905246199.i-348_011.xml,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AEYJXL8W,2008-01-01,John W. M. Chapman,Brill,,2023-12-26T18:58:50Z,['9DTPTK46'],,"Rethinking the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6907,"Tradition and system: British intelligence and the old world order, 1715–1956",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203002438-10/tradition-system-john-robert-ferris,"This chapter assesses British intelligence between 1715 and 1956, with a focus on structure and evolution. It emphasises the relationship between power, strategy and intelligence, and systems and traditions – means by which people gather and assess data for specific purposes, against loose combinations of ideas and practices about how to do so if one must. British intelligence, responding to changes in supply and demand, began with systems, turned to traditions, and returned to systems. Progress was not linear. Technical failures or successes affected policy, in complex ways.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NTXWA5FP,2007,John Robert Ferris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:57:09Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Imperial Defence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6908,Intelligence and Strategy: Some Observations on the War in the Mediterranean 1941–45,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-15/intelligence-strategy-ralph-bennett?context=ubx&refId=9ad3e3d1-b8f9-4671-9264-efb965ad4b3d,"Can a correlation be established between the effectiveness of an army’s performance and the quality of the intelligence supplied to its commander? It would seem obvious that there can (St. Thomas Aquinas might have begun like this, could he have been persuaded to extend his discussion of the just war 1 to include intelligence as well as deception), for otherwise an ignorant general is as good as a well informed one. But, following the method of the Summa Theologica St. Thomas would at once have objected that such a correlation would degrade strategy into mere reaction to known enemy intentions and preclude the seizing of the initiative, which is absurd. The truth, as so often, lies somewhere in the middle. There is such a correlation, but it can never be very close. The most prominent of several reasons for this is the need to leave room in the theory for considerations of policy and resources, space and time. To say this is not blindly to accept Clausewitz’s disparagement: ‘Most Intelligence is false’, so that ‘for lack of objective knowledge one has to trust to talent or to luck’ 2 – a view which was no doubt scarcely an exaggeration in his time but one which Sigint has substantially discredited today – but rather to emphasize anew his best-known dictum of all: ‘War is the continuation of policy by other means’. The policy of a state, or the policy mutually agreed between a state and its allies, will specify objectives to be sought. The presence or absence of the means to achieve them will be the first qualification, the first guideline to action; intelligence about the enemy comes next, but it can seldom or never dictate the objective. The single greatest decision of the Second World War – at any rate apart from the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan – was the ‘Germany first’ decision taken by Allied agreement at the Washington conference in December 1941, and that owed nothing to intelligence. The same holds good for Torch, the invasion of North Africa, which was the British Gymnast plan of the previous year turned through 180° to meet the new circumstances of the American alliance, and for the later invasions of Italy and France. Not even the choice of particular landing beaches in Sicily, at Salerno or in Normandy derived from knowledge of enemy locations, which could and did change long after plans for Husky, Avalanche and Overlord were firmly settled. It might even be argued that the Baytown landing in the toe of Italy in September 1943 was conducted – though perhaps not planned – quite contrary to the available intelligence, for Ultra 3 had shown that all the major German troop formations had been withdrawn from the southern tip well before 8 Army’s bombardment opened. 4",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7ASJKGJ3,1990,Ralph Bennett,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:56:03Z,"['D67KFVND', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6909,"A Comparative Analysis of RAF and Luftwaffe Intelligence in the Battle of Britain, 1940",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-14/comparative-analysis-raf-luftwaffe-intelligence-battle-britain-1940-sebastian-cox?context=ubx&refId=b00d1f71-bac7-423a-9ce1-5028b6139210,"In analysing the performance of RAF and Luftwaffe intelligence in the Battle of Britain it is perhaps best to start by describing the organization of intelligence in the two opposing air arms, since this provides the key to understanding some of their shortcomings.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7PNZMJGX,1990,Sebastian Cox,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:55:32Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6910,German Air Intelligence in the Second World War,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-13/german-air-intelligence-second-world-war-horst-boog?context=ubx&refId=54c13291-30fb-4a87-a4a0-db2512186afb,"Much has been written about the intelligence services of the main powers involved in the Second World War. Professor Hinsley’s three-volume work on British Intelligence in the Second World War 1 reveals how important a source the Luftwaffe radio traffic was for the British. This prompts the question: how much did the Luftwaffe know about Britain, the Royal Air Force and the other main opponents? As far as Luftwaffe radio intelligence is concerned, this can hardly be ascertained in view of the fact that at the end of the war, the Luftwaffe itself destroyed about 97 per cent of its records, among them apparently all intercepts. This is particularly regrettable since about 70 to 80 per cent of all intelligence information was provided by radio intelligence. Only through the postwar study by Gottschling 2 do we know about some tactical successes of Luftwaffe radio intelligence (Funkaufklärung). No details are known as to when and how far enemy codes were broken and what was learnt from these intercepts. Before the Luftwaffe intelligence service, about which hardly anything has as yet been published, is described, it is necessary to survey the German intelligence community, 3 of which Luftwaffe intelligence was just a part.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MFWW5PUJ,1990,Horst Boog,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:54:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6911,"Ultra Intelligence and General Douglas MacArthur's Leap to Hollandia, January–April 1944",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-11/convoy-pq-17-patrick-beesly?context=ubx&refId=4898d149-5a66-4622-be1c-a785108c70bb,"During the past decade, historians and former signals intelligence practitioners have focused much attention on the role of Ultra intelligence in operations during the Second World War. The European and Mediterranean theaters have received extensive treatment as have naval operations in the Atlantic – particularly the U-Boat War – and the Pacific. Historians, however, have offered little critical analysis of Ultra’s influence on the campaigns of General Douglas MacArthur, especially the major role it played in MacArthur’s operations along the northern New Guinea coastline in early 1944.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WGYZ3QAL,1990,Edward J. Drea,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:54:29Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6912,Convoy PQ 17: A Study of Intelligence and Decision-Making,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-11/convoy-pq-17-patrick-beesly?context=ubx&refId=4898d149-5a66-4622-be1c-a785108c70bb,"The destruction of PQ 17 was by no means the worst convoy disaster suffered by the British in the Second World War, but it has the unenviable distinction of being the only convoy to be abandoned by its escort in the face of predictable and devastating attack by the enemy. How did it come about that 34 merchantmen were left defenceless against the onslaught of Dönitz’s U-boats and Goering’s bombers despite the Royal Navy’s centuries-old tradition of sacrificing its own ships and men to ensure the ‘safe and timely arrival’ of vessels entrusted to its care? The reason was that the convoy was ordered to scatter. The effect of an order to scatter is for its constitutent ships to abandon their close and disciplined formation and to proceed on separate, predetermined and diverging courses to their individual destinations. It was a recognized tactic for a convoy attacked by superior surface forces on the broad oceans and had been successfully used in 1940 by convoy HX 84 in the North Atlantic when, thanks to the sacrifice of its sole escort, the Armed Merchant Cruiser Jervis Bay, the great majority of the convoy had been enabled to escape from the 11-inch guns of the pocket battleship Admiral Scheer. But PQ 17 was not sailing on the vast expanse on the North Atlantic: it was on its way to North Russia, penned in to the north by the Arctic ice and to the south by the hostile Norwegian coast. It was under constant observation and attack by U-boats and aircraft. Evasion was impossible: disaster was inevitable unless the convoy and escort stuck together and somehow fought their way through to Murmansk. In the event only eleven merchant ships and two rescue ships, out of the total of 34 British, Dutch, American and Russian merchant ships and three rescue ships finally struggled into North Russian ports. No ship of the escort was sunk. Apart from a few aircraft the Germans also suffered no losses. It was a humiliating defeat for the Royal Navy, bitterly resented by its officers and men, and a shattering blow to the morale of all Allied merchant seamen. The decision to order the convoy to scatter, which deprived its escort of any possibility of protecting it, was taken by none other than the First Sea Lord of the Admiralty, the professional head of the Royal Navy, Admiral Sir Dudley Pound. It was taken, so far as can be seen, against the advice of almost all his staff and against the wishes of Sir John Tovey, Commander in Chief of the Home Fleet, of Rear-Admiral Hamilton, commanding the cruiser covering force and of Commander J.E. Broome, commander of the close escort. Pound believed, in the light of the intelligence available to him, that unless the convoy scattered, every ship in it, and all its escorts, would be sunk not so much by air and U-boat attack as by the overpowering strength of a German surface ship task force centred on the battleship Tirpitz.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YVXJPJWV,1990,Patrick Beesly,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:53:55Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6913,"The British Army, Signals and Security in the Desert Campaign, 1940–42",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-10/british-army-signals-security-desert-campaign-1940%E2%80%9342-john-ferris?context=ubx&refId=14f045a7-88a2-4299-9381-f187f5c35d85,"Speed, flexibility, reliability and security are the characteristics required of any signal system. Without these it cannot provide the means whereby immediate and accurate information is supplied to commanders and timely and effective execution of operational and administrative plans can follow. These characteristics are of especial importance under desert conditions where distances are great and dispersion considerable, where there are constant and rapid changes in the situation and where units and formations move frequently from one command to another. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6M65ZG55,1990,John Ferris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:24:07Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6914,Institutionalized Deception and Perception Reinforcment: Allenby's Campaigns in Palestine,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-7/institutionalized-deception-perception-reinforcment-yigal-sheffy?context=ubx&refId=07459dbf-65b6-4d4e-8ea0-906589486dc5,"The British Campaign in Egypt and Palestine during the Great War (1916–18) was distinguished by several features which greatly differed from those of the warfare in the main theater of war, the Western Front. Mobile warfare, extensive use of cavalry and mounted formations, operational-logistic struggle against severe desert conditions and a constantly changing battle-ground were some of the characteristics marking the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) – the official title of the British and Commonwealth formations in this campaign.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7PGL79SV,1990,Yigal Sheffy,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:21:47Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6915,British Intelligence in Mesopotamia 1914–16,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-6/british-intelligence-mesopotamia-1914%E2%80%9316-richard-popplewell?context=ubx&refId=3e8022fa-1632-4a8b-b642-eac0af2e80de,"It is an essential part of the duty of intelligence to size up not only what the enemy should be able to accomplish, but also to foretell what he is likely to attempt to accomplish. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q9J6WRTS,1990,"Richard Popplewell, Michael I. Handel",Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:21:29Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6916,Lee at Gettysburg: A General Without Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-4/lee-gettysburg-jay-luvaas?context=ubx&refId=675faacc-d35f-4810-94e9-7bf7a61e4537,"With the retreat of the Army of the Potomac across the Rappahannock and the subsequent arrival of Lieutenant General James Longstreet and his two detached divisions from operations around Suffolk, south of the James River, Lee was now free to return to his original plan to invade Pennsylvania. As early as 23 February Jedediah Hotchkiss, Stonewall Jackson’s celebrated map-maker and reputedly ‘the best topographical engineer’ in the army, had been ordered to ‘prepare a map of the Valley of Virginia extended to Harrisonburg … and then on to Philadelphia’, and to keep the project ‘a profound secret’. 1 Such a move, Lee later reassured the Secretary of War, would offer ‘the readiest method of relieving the pressure’ on Confederate forces in the west, and he had already begun preparations for his offensive when Major General Joseph Hooker crossed the Rappahannock on his vast turning movement to Chancellorsville. 2 After the battle, which one authority has described as ‘perhaps more nearly a flawless battle … than any … ever planned and executed by an American commander’, 3 Lee reorganized his army. He expanded his two corps into three, explaining that 30,000 men ‘are more than one man can properly handle and keep under his eye in battle … They are always beyond the range of his vision, and frequently beyond his reach’, a consideration now increased by the recent loss of ‘Stonewall’ Jackson at Chancellorsville. 4 Lee also perfected the battalion system of artillery that had been such a vital factor in his most recent victory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PVWPRUBF,1990,Jay Luvaas,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:20:42Z,['9DTPTK46'],,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6917,"The Role of Intelligence in the Chancellorsville Campaign, April-May, 1863",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315035284-3/role-intelligence-chancellorsville-campaign-april-may-1863-jay-luvaas?context=ubx&refId=5af2c3da-7cff-495a-91bd-98bf6123557e,"After the bloody failure to storm Confederate positions at Fredericksburg on 13 December 1862, the Union Army of the Potomac returned to its old camps on the north side of the Rappahannock. It had lost nearly 13,000 men, most of them in vain assaults against enemy defenses at Marye’s Heights, and with shattered morale and fading confidence in its commander, the army was ‘all played out’. Six weeks later Major General Ambrose E. Burnside tried to retrieve the situation, but the entire country was an ‘ocean of mud’ and he was soon forced to abandon what became known officially – and derisively – as the ‘Mud March’. On 25 January Burnside was relieved.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SANHJL2H,1990,Jay Luvaas,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:18:43Z,['9DTPTK46'],,Intelligence and Military Operations,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6918,Covert action and the Pentagon,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-31/covert-action-pentagon-jennifer-kibbe?context=ubx&refId=7e15faf7-d7d2-4d19-90ab-9bc0bc4514f3,"The attacks on 11 September 2001 brought about a number of changes in the United States’ national security outlook, not the least of which was a renewed willingness to consider covert action as a policy option. During this same period, the single most significant change in the military services has been the expansion, in both size and responsibility, of its special operations forces. The concurrence of these two trends has led to a blurring of the distinction of whether or not military units are conducting covert operations and raises important questions about congressional oversight. The Quadrennial Defense Review issued by the Pentagon in February 2006 stated unequivocally that special operations forces would be leading the ‘war on terror’, making it that much more important to understand the issues raised by potential military involvement in covert action.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7TB7L9AA,2008,Jennifer D. Kibbe,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:14:29Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6919,Can the torture of terrorist suspects be justified?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-28/torture-terrorist-suspects-justi%EF%AC%81ed-maureen-ramsay?context=ubx&refId=2e775134-9907-4848-8452-8e8c1e3c4812,"The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 portrayed by government officials as an assault on American values and civilisation have provoked an abandonment of the very values that supposedly inform a civilised way of life. The US administration has betrayed the cause of the protection of basic human rights and fundamental freedoms in the name of national security and counterterrorism. The starkest, most graphic illustration of this is manifest in the images which have become emblematic of America’s response to their war on terrorism: those broadcast in the dehumanised images of shackled, hooded, caged men in Guantanamo Bay and the trophy photographs of pyramids of naked men, publicly humiliated and abused at Abu Ghraib.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7HRCD48,2008,Maureen Ramsay,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:13:41Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6920,Ethics and intelligence after September 2001,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-27/ethics-intelligence-september-2001-michael-herman?context=ubx&refId=a8c99ce2-27ff-42bf-bf44-f6f75fc165de,"Perhaps there is no need to mix intelligence and ethics. The Times took a strictly realist view some years ago that ‘Cold War or no Cold War, nations routinely spy on each other’, and the British Security Service’s official handout takes the view that ‘spying has been going on for centuries and as nations emerged they began spying on each other and will probably always do so’.1 Some would say that that is all that need be said. Intelligence is information and information gathering, not doing things to people; no-one gets hurt by it, at least not directly. Some agencies do indeed carry out covert action, which confuses the ethical issues, but this is a separable and subsidiary function; thus the British Joint Intelligence Committee is emphatically not a covert action committee.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ESGTD68X,2008,Michael Herman,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:12:53Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'TLFN4NAL']",,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6921,Domestic intelligence and civil liberties,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-26/domestic-intelligence-civil-liberties-kate-martin?context=ubx&refId=ad761345-f64a-4bc2-b08e-be31303a400e,"The terrible attacks of September 11 have been described as the worst U.S. intelligence failure since Pearl Harbor.1 In their wake Congress and the Bush administration have expanded domestic intelligence powers and shifted institutional responsibilities for intelligence gathering inside the United States. There are now calls for further changes, including proposals to create a new ‘domestic intelligence agency.’",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GV253CNK,2008,Kate Martin,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:12:20Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6922,Partisanship and the decline of intelligence oversight,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-25/partisanship-decline-intelligence-oversight-ott?context=ubx&refId=babb4294-cf7e-4f3d-99d0-6dbae8778922,"The 11 September 2001 terrorist assault on the United States highlighted the absolute centrality of intelligence in the nation’s defense. National security specialists have been in general agreement for several years that the greatest postwar security threat would come from terrorist networks utilizing powerful conventional explosives and ‘weapons of mass destruction’ (chemical, biological, and nuclear). General agreement has developed that the first line of defense against such threats lies in the formation of effective relationships with foreign intelligence and domestic counterintelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ME3GRY8H,2008,M. C. Ott,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:11:15Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6923,Counterintelligence: The broken triad,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-22/counterintelligence-broken-triad-frederick-wettering?context=ubx&refId=d19a4e68-d08c-41f1-a3aa-6db68bd5a4f3,"United States counterintelligence is alive but not well. Its triad of three essential functions is: protecting secrets, frustrating attempts by foreign intelligence services to acquire those secrets, and catching Americans who spy for those foreign intelligence services. The first of these functions is in effect broken, that is, not being performed. The second and third operate haphazardly at best, so that counterintelligence is not being effectively conducted by U.S. counterintelligence agencies today. In fact, it has never been effectively conducted.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQYZH8K9,2008,Frederick L. Wettering,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:10:22Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6924,Intelligence and strategy in the war on Islamist terrorism,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-21/intelligence-strategy-war-islamist-terrorism-john-schindler?context=ubx&refId=c93ac5d8-d40c-4c99-89bb-b7b21fa876a6,"The American public has engaged in an unprecedented level of debate about the role and performance of the country’s intelligence services since 9/11. Never has the nation undertaken to examine the missions and organization of intelligence in the remarkably open manner witnessed since then. Not since the late 1940s, at the dawn of the Cold War, has the U.S. government attempted to critique and reorganize its secret services in such a comprehensive fashion, and that earlier reorganization occurred without any real public scrutiny. Although the media has delivered myriad revelations about the inner workings of the intelligence community, the plethora of detail now in the public domain has done little to clarify what is wrong with intelligence, American style.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M4NY74HT,2008,John R. Schindler,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:09:35Z,"['D67KFVND', 'TLFN4NAL']",,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6925,"Reports, politics, and intelligence failures: The case of Iraq",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-20/reports-politics-intelligence-failures-case-iraq-robert-jervis?context=ubx&refId=47ad99e4-144d-485a-83f9-52f7c488c4d5,"Failure may be an orphan, but often it is a closely observed one. This is true for the misjudgment of Iraq’s programs weapons of mass destruction (WMD), featuring British, Australian, and American post-mortems, with the American intelligence community (IC) going furthest, formally retracting its estimate and conducting public as well as secret analyses of what went so wrong.2 As interesting as all these studies are, the very failure that occasioned them provides a context that we need to take account of. One review of some of the British reports put it well: ‘Inquiries are a continuation of politics by other means, as Clausewitz might have said. In the nature of the case, these inquiries were more political than most. They were steeped in high politics and played for high stakes.’3 If history is a guide, we should not expect too much. There were fourofficial investigations in the years following Pearl Harbor and while they made public much valuable information, they could not explain what had happened or settle the political debate.4",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X3HT4SJQ,2008,Robert Jervis,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:08:38Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6926,Strategic surprise and the September 11 attacks,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-19/strategic-surprise-september-11-attacks-daniel-byman?context=ubx&refId=f12798bb-f404-42a9-99ed-b185fd5038b9,"The quest to understand, and to lay blame for, the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 began even before the fires stopped burning. Pundits, policy makers, and analysts alike have cast the net of responsibility widely. Presidents Clinton and Bush are excoriated for letting bin Laden slip through their fingers. The Central Intelligence Agency and Federal Bureau of Investigation are lambasted for dithering in the face of a looming threat. Other analysts look outside the United States, painting a picture of al Qaeda as a formidable adversary against which even the most robust counterterrorism program would fail.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MGZH9M6Y,2008,Daniel Byman,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:07:52Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'TLFN4NAL']",,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6927,International intelligence co-operation: An inside perspective,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-16/international-intelligence-co-operation-inside-perspective-stephen-lander?context=ubx&refId=94bfdaf9-0f44-4441-89e6-2ca21c7147c3,"International Intelligence cooperation is something of an oxymoron. Intelligence services and intelligence collection are at heart manifestations of individual state power and of national self-interest. The very language used about the work makes the point. British legislation talks about ‘national security’ and the UK’s ‘defence and foreign policies’. The role of the UK agencies is, thus, essentially to support and supplement other government activities where adversaries’ secrets are involved. In terms of international relations, the role is, therefore, necessarily competitive if not aggressive. Intelligence is able, to pull out a few examples, to (a) maximise the effectiveness of your own armed forces by illuminating others’ capabilities and dispositions; (b) to secure comparative political or strategic advantage internationally by disclosing others’ intentions; or (c) to protect the safety and well-being first and foremost of your own citizens, if necessary at the potential expense of someone else’s (e.g. action against people smuggling and the deportation of terrorists). The competitive nature of intelligence work is from time to time reflected in international political debate and in press speculation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VWIKJX6H,2008,Stephen Lander,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:07:02Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6928,American Presidents and their intelligence communities,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-15/american-presidents-intelligence-communities-andrew?context=ubx&refId=4f09052d-9a44-4be8-992e-585d8c0d8674,"During the Revolutionary War (1775-83), thanks chiefly to General George Washington, American intelligence and covert action outclassed those of Britain. Washington’s early experience in the French and Indian Wars had convinced him that ‘There is nothing more necessary than good Intelligence to frustrate a designing enemy, & nothing that requires greater pains to obtain.’ His correspondence with the officers of the Continental Army contained frequent requests for ‘the earliest Advises of every piece of Intelligence, which you shall judge of Importance’. Washington’s passion for intelligence, however, sometimes made him reluctant to delegate. He wrote absent-mindedly to one of his agents: ‘It runs in my head that I was to corrispond with you by a fictitious name, if so I have forgotten the name and must be reminded of it again.’ Two centuries later, the head of the intelligence community, William Casey, told a Senate committee, ‘I claim that my first predecessor as Director of Central Intelligence was . . . George Washington, who appointed himself.’ The next 30 presidents, however, rarely showed much enthusiasm for intelligence operations. Not until the Cold War did any of Washington’s successors rival his flair for intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4M6XTMAT,2008,Christopher M. Andrew,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:05:18Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6929,Surprise despite warning: Why sudden attacks succeed,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-14/surprise-despite-warning-sudden-attacks-succeed-betts?context=ubx&refId=802973e7-fb17-49f3-9635-0edde800a81a,"Most major wars since 1939 have begun with surprise attacks. Hindsight reveals that the element of surprise in most of these attacks was unwarranted; substantial evidence of an impending strike was available to the victims before the fact. The high incidence of surprise is itself surprising. The voluminous literature on strategic surprise, however, suffers from three fixations. One is a focus on the problem of warning, and how to improve intelligence collection, rather than on the more difficult problem of how to improve political response to ample warning indicators. Another is a common view of surprise as an absolute or dichotomous problem rather than as a matter of degree. Third is the prevalent derivation of theories from single cases rather than from comparative studies. This article puts these fixations in perspective.1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A2JRXNY5,2008,Richard K. Betts,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:01:26Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6930,It’s a cultural thing: Thoughts on a troubled CIA,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-13/cultural-thing-thoughts-troubled-cia-garrett-jones?context=ubx&refId=af5a6f22-05c1-4423-81c0-d7812d428fea,"Since retiring from the CIA in 1997 after almost twenty years as a case officer (“spy runner,” “asset handler,” or “agent recruiter”), I have followed the Agency’s failures and successes through the media. The Agency has never been as close to termination as it is now. Numerous presidential commissions and Congressional committees are currently engaged in fault-and fact-finding about recent Agency missions. These groups by their nature are concerned either with the details of individual operations or with sweeping reforms in structure and organization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IB2VL3F6,2008,Garrett M. Jones,Routledge,,2023-12-26T18:00:31Z,['NWAKWPT7'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6931,Ideas of intelligence: Divergent national concepts and institutions,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-10/ideas-intelligence-divergent-national-concepts-institutions-philip-davies?context=ubx&refId=ad69f625-8137-4b43-abac-80d0ac4365a0,"Since World War II, much effort has gone into defining ‘intelligence.’ This effort has even given rise to what is sometimes called intelligence theory, which can be traced to Sherman Kent’s desire to see intelligence programmatically examined, addressed, and subsumed by the mainstream social science tradition. During World War II Kent served in the Bureau of Analysis and Estimates of the US Office of Strategic Services, and later headed the Office of National Estimates of the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Virtually all intelligence theory could be considered a footnote to Kent. His conviction that intelligence should be a broad-based analytical discipline is embodied in his maxim ‘intelligence is knowledge,’ which has set the precedent for most subsequent debate.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7CEFL7C8,2008,Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:59:42Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6932,Wanted: A definition of ‘intelligence’,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203717417-9/wanted-de%EF%AC%81nition-intelligence-michael-warner?context=ubx&refId=f299b70a-bc52-4613-8b7f-767734b0ae51,"I have to wonder if the difficulty in doing so resides more in the slipperiness of the tools than in the poor skills of the craftsmen or the complexity of the topic. Indeed, even today, we have no accepted definition of intelligence. The term is defined anew by each author who addresses it, and these definitions rarely refer to one another or build off what has been written before. Without a clear idea of what intelligence is, how can we develop a theory to explain how it works?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J9H59T6U,2008,Michael Warner,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:58:57Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6933,Introduction: What is intelligence?,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203717417/secret-intelligence-christopher-andrew-wesley-wark-richard-aldrich-richard-aldrich-christopher-andrew-wesley-wark?refId=eea7ec33-bd9b-4d4a-96fd-3b08eb4c99f9&context=ubx,"What do we mean by intelligence? How does it differ from mere information? The Chinese do not have words in their vocabulary that makes this distinction, while the French prefer to talk of reseignment or ‘research’. Mark Lowenthal, the distinguished American scholar of intelligence, offers a useful taxonomy, arguing that we can think about intelligence in three ways. First, as process, through which intelligence is requested by policy-makers or operational commanders, then collected, analysed and fed to the consumers. This is often referred to as the intelligence cycle. Second, we can define it as product, once upon a time circulated as paper, but now increasingly distributed through multi-level secure electronic databases. Finally, we can talk of intelligence services and intelligence communities as institutions. However, as their name implies, these organisations that provide an intelligence service to government also conduct activities that go far beyond the mere collection of information, as we shall discover in this volume.2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9VX6MZ9S,2008,,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:57:48Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Secret Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6934,Secret Intelligence: A Reader,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203717417/secret-intelligence-christopher-andrew-wesley-wark-richard-aldrich-richard-aldrich-christopher-andrew-wesley-wark?refId=eea7ec33-bd9b-4d4a-96fd-3b08eb4c99f9&context=ubx,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7UNQ6GPW,2009,"Christopher Andrew, Richard J. Aldrich, Wesley K. Wark",Routledge,,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6935,"Whitehall's black chamber: British cryptology and the government code and cypher school, 1919–29 1",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528708431876,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2FRHC64D,1987-01-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T17:56:33Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684528708431876,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2034628422,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2034628422,2017.0,2017.0,1987.0,,30.0 6936,Covert action: Strengths and Weaknesses,Book chapter,http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.001.0001,"'The Oxford Handbook of National Security Inteligence' examines the topic in full, beginning with an examination of the major theories of intelligence. It then looks at how intelligence agencies operate, how they collect information from around the world and the problems that come with transforming raw data into credible analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8AQ2ESJ9,2010,William J. Daugherty,Oxford University Press,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'HCN8YFI8']",,The Oxford handbook of national security intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6937,Intelligence and National Security: The Australian Experience,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0049,"From the foundation of the modern security service in 1949, to the development of the concept of security after 2001 and the announcement of the war on terror, the theory and practice of intelligence and national security has troubled Australians. All throughout this half century, the maintenance of national security posed many questions concerning its necessity as well as the most effective means of sustaining it. Indeed, the extent of sabotage and subversion and the constitutional oversight of those agencies charged with detecting and deterring it have constituted an enduring problem for Australian democratic self-understanding. This pursuit of national security exposed a paradox in the core of Australian democracy, namely, that the practice of political freedom entails the proscription of those dedicated to undermining it. The lack of conviction of successive Australian governments on the need for security and intelligence organizations and the public apathy on the part of Australians furthered this paradox. This article discusses Australian intelligence and national security. It examines the context in which the understanding of Australian national security evolved to address the unique threat environment the island continent inhabits. It also evaluates Australia's security agencies and the threats they currently confront today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z6SDENCD,2010-03-12,David Martin Jones,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:50:58Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0049,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W81718107,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W81718107,2013.0,2020.0,2010.0,,3.0 6938,"Israeli Intelligence: Organization, Failures, and Successes",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0048,"The State of Israel was established only in 1948, but in its fifty-seven years of existence, its intelligence community has been one of the most professional and effective in the world. The Israel Mossad has become the leading agency in Israel's success in the conflict with the Arab states. Its mission not only includes that of ascertaining the plans and strengths of the Arab military forces opposing Israel but also the work of combating Arab terrorism in Israel and abroad against Israeli and Jewish targets, collecting sensitive technical data, and conducting political-liaison and propaganda operations. The Israel intelligence community is composed of four separate components: the Mossad is responsible for intelligence gathering and operations in foreign countries; the Israeli Security Agency controls internal security and intelligence within the occupied territories; the Military Intelligence is responsible for collecting military, geographic, and economic intelligence, particularly in the Arab world and along Israel's borders; and the Center for Political Research in the Foreign Ministry prepares analysis for government policymakers based on raw intelligence and analytical papers. This article discusses the organization, failures, and successes of the Israeli intelligence. Particular attention is given to the huge mistakes and failures of the Israeli intelligence. Discussions included herein are: the evolution of the Israeli intelligence and the future challenges of the intelligence system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q5VY57DZ,2010-03-12,Ephraim Kahana,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:50:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0048,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2624022118,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 6939,The German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND): Evolution and Current Policy Issues,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0047,"This article discusses German's foreign intelligence services through the context of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND). Unlike other intelligence services of other nations, Germany has no separate military intelligence. The BND serves as Germany's sole foreign and military espionage agency. It also does not have an acknowledged capacity of covert operations compared to the intelligence agencies of other nations. The BND was established in 1956 as part of the West German rearmament within the NATO framework; however, by the time of its establishment the Bonn government had already abandoned its previous efforts to build a military intelligence organization from scratch and with people of its own. Because of this, the BND was under American operational control during the Cold War and German intelligence professionals have served as mercenaries for the Americans over a period of ten years, giving Americans an unique intelligence asset inside the West German government. In this article, the discussions include the evolution of the BND and the current issues faced by the German intelligence services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DMD48H9N,2010-03-12,Wolfgang Krieger,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:50:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0047,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2625952015,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2625952015,2021.0,2021.0,2010.0,,11.0 6940,Intelligence in the Developing Democracies: The Quest for Transparency and Effectiveness,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0045,"This article discusses the quest for transparency and effectiveness of the intelligence systems in the developing democracies. The article begins with a review of the literature on intelligence reform in new democracies. It also discusses the role of intelligence in non-democratic regimes, the legacies from these regimes in transitional democracies, and the challenges involved including the achievements in reforming intelligence in developing countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WSU47QXF,2010-03-12,"Thomas C. Bruneau, Florina Cristiana (Cris) Matei",Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:50:17Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0045,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1593698043,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1593698043,2012.0,2022.0,2010.0,,2.0 6941,The Intelligence Services of Russia,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0046,"This article discusses security and intelligence services in Russia. In Russia, the security and intelligence services of the nation have always been critical to the country's foreign and domestic policies. Both have served as a means to dig dissent at home, to frustrate enemy intelligence operations, and to provide information necessary to build nuclear weapons. This article begins with the nature of intelligence services in Russia. It also discusses the Stalin and Repression period and the role of Russia's KGB during these periods. The article also considers CHEKA's (Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage) foreign intelligence. The military services, post-Soviet intelligence services, Putin, and the rise of Siloviki are also discussed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LUTW9LE2,2010-03-12,Robert W. Pringle,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:49:58Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0046,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2622768734,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 6942,Ethics and Professional Intelligence,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0044,"This article discusses the ethics in the profession of intelligence. This article begins with the order goals of true intelligence professionals as differentiated from the thieves and thugs who work for other secret institutions of today. It focuses on what distinguishes the agents of malignant and murderous police states from intelligence professionals who work for legitimate governments and for the good of all. It also discusses how the theoretically moral intelligence professional navigates severe dilemmas such as torture and assassinations in carrying out their task. The article also considers the significance of ethics in the land of deception, betrayal, and occasional death, and where the stakes are high that all rules seemed disposable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FRSBZIYJ,2010-03-12,Michael Andregg,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:49:36Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0044,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2694176973,28.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2694176973,2014.0,2022.0,2010.0,,4.0 6943,The Politics of Intelligence Accountability,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0043,"Accountability is one of the core concepts in a democratic order. Accountability means to have an obligation to explain and justify one's actions. Contained within the straightforward obligation to explain and justify one's actions are a series interrelated sets of questions that transform the concept of accountability into a political question in which the targets of accountability, the standards employed, the identity of those making accountability judgments, and the purpose of the accountability inquiry are all contested. In short, they are political questions. This article discusses the various questions contained in the concept of accountability. It also examines how these questions relate to intelligence accountability. The article ends with a discussion on the resulting contextual and political nature of intelligence accountability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ICVQHYTM,2010-03-12,Glenn Hastedt,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:49:35Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0043,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2621462718,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2621462718,2017.0,2022.0,2010.0,,7.0 6944,“A Very British Institution”: The Intelligence and Security Committee and Intelligence Accountability in the United Kingdom,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0042,"This article discusses Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) and intelligence accountability in the United Kingdom. It discusses the origins of intelligence oversight in the United Kingdom including ISC's independence, its ability to maintain secrets, its means of access to information, and its expertise and investigative powers. The article also discusses the reforms undertaken by the ISC to retain public confidence in the committee such as recognizing its limitations and imposing accountability.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A6RY4T3H,2010-03-12,Mark Phythian,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:49:33Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0042,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2623755495,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2623755495,2017.0,2025.0,2010.0,,7.0 6945,Accounting for the Future or the Past?: Developing Accountability and Oversight Systems to Meet Future Intelligence Needs,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0041,"This article discusses the development of accountability and intelligence culture. It begins with the contentious issues that have prevailed in the field of intelligence. It defines the use of certain terms such as accountability and responsibility within the context of intelligence. The article also looks at how systems of oversight and accountability have developed in Canada's longest and most enduring intelligence partners. The focus here is on the causes, legislative practices, and shortcomings. Following the discussion on the systems of oversight and accountability in Canadian intelligence, the article proceeds with a discussion on how Canada has developed its own systems. The emphasis here is on the external procedures and independent institutions. The purpose in this section is twofold: first, is to illustrate that even close allies have followed different paths and, second, is to show that Canada, while initially getting off to a sound start, has failed to keep pace not only with its key intelligence allies but also with the changing threat environment. Finally, the article suggests what a system of oversight and accountability that will meet Canada's future needs might look like and what it would do.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/33MU82TQ,2010-03-12,"Stuart Farson, Reg Whitaker",Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:49:30Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0041,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2169730270,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2169730270,2015.0,2023.0,2010.0,,5.0 6946,Rethinking the State Secrets Privilege,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0040,"This article discusses the concept of state secrets privilege which is designed to prevent private litigants from gaining access to agency documents sought in cases involving National Security Agency (NSA) surveillance, extraordinary rendition, and other intelligence programs. Before the Reynolds case, the Supreme Court recognized the state secrets privilege. Over the past half century, federal judges gave “deference” to the executive claims on sensitivity and confidentiality of agency records without ever looking at the disputed document. However in 1953, the Supreme Court was misled by the government. Since then, there has been an interest in having Congress enact legislation to assure greater independence for the federal judiciary and provide a more even playing field for private litigants.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q7UU6486,2010-03-12,Louis Fisher,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:49:20Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0040,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2625888097,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 6947,Intelligence and the Law in the United Kingdom,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0039,"This article discusses the legal framework within which security and intelligence agencies operate in the United Kingdom. It first discusses the legislative charters of the three main agencies. Following the discussion on the legislative charters of the Security Service (M15), the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or M16), and the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), the article discusses the accountability these three agencies to the ministers, Parliament, and the judiciary. The article concludes with a discussion on the significant impact of human rights standards upon the agencies's work and current and future trends.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7TUM3I4E,2010-03-12,Ian Leigh,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:49:15Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0039,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2276423749,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2276423749,2014.0,2021.0,2010.0,https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1685017,4.0 6948,The Role of Defense in Shaping U.S. Intelligence Reform,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0038,"This article discusses the intelligence-reform movement since the 9/11 attack. It particularly places emphasis on Defense Intelligence reforms. The article also explores the role of the Defense Intelligence in shaping and implementing law and executive guidance and policy. It also discusses how long-term, trusted relationships between key intelligence officials in place during 2007 to 2008 were a critical factor in events moving successfully through a number of contentious policy issues. The article ends with some views on the future directions of research in this field in order to bring the intelligence-reform movement to fruition.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PA3PME7A,2010-03-12,James R. Clapper,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:49:10Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0038,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2623919400,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2623919400,2025.0,2025.0,2010.0,,15.0 6949,"Covert Action: United States Law in Substance, Process, and Practice",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0036,"This article discusses covert action within the context of the U.S. law. The first section describes the main elements of the U.S. legal regime, including the definition of covert action and the “traditional activity” exceptions, the elements of a covert action finding, and the thresholds and requirements for congressional notification. The second section describes some of the significant limitations on the conduct of covert action. The third section discusses the nature of executive branch legal practice in this area of the law. And the last section draws conclusions about the role of national security law within the context of covert action.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5QJKHDJZ,2010-03-12,James E. Baker,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:48:42Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0036,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2697440636,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2697440636,2012.0,2020.0,2010.0,,2.0 6950,"Covert Action, Pentagon Style",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0035,"Until September 11, 2001, covert action has long been the province of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The attacks on the Pentagon and World Trade Center have not only given Washington a new enemy but changed its conception of how to fight the enemy. The change in the conception of fighting the enemy led to the newfound emphasis on Special Operations Forces (SOF). And since 9/11, the SOF's resources have increased dramatically and SOF has become an increasingly important weapon in the U.S. national security arsenal. This article attempts to draw the disparate strands in covert action together while mapping the way forward for future research. It also discusses the nature of SOF and the various sources of confusion in analyzing them. It also discusses the myriad ways in which the SOF's size and authority have expanded since the September 11 attack and considers the different types of risks that are posed by the expansion. The article concludes with a discussion on the future directions that research in the field should take.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IMJIHNNT,2010-03-12,Jennifer D. Kibbe,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:48:36Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0035,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2621741085,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2621741085,2022.0,2022.0,2010.0,,12.0 6951,The Dilemma of Open Sources intelligence: Is OSINT Really Intelligence?,Book chapter,http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.001.0001,"'The Oxford Handbook of National Security Inteligence' examines the topic in full, beginning with an examination of the major theories of intelligence. It then looks at how intelligence agencies operate, how they collect information from around the world and the problems that come with transforming raw data into credible analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y6HMELSG,2010,Arthur S. Hulnick,Oxford University Press,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,The Oxford handbook of national security intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6952,Competitive Analysis: Techniques for Better Gauging Enemy Political Intentions and Military Capabilities,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0023,"This article reviews the calls for competitive analysis from outside reviews of American intelligence performances. It evaluates the major competitive analytic techniques and some of the efforts by the American intelligence community in putting them to practice. The article also discusses the difficult bureaucratic, intellectual, cultural, and human collection hurdles that can pose a constraint on effective competitive analysis practices in the American intelligence community. The article concludes with some recommendations for better and competitive analysis under the auspices of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGEWSWDD,2010-03-12,Richard L. Russell,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:45:30Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0023,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2626012738,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2626012738,2020.0,2020.0,2010.0,,10.0 6953,Catching an Atom Spy: MI5 and the Investigation of Klaus Fuchs,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0034,"This article focuses on M15 organization and Klaus Fuchs, a German-born physicist and Soviet “Atom Spy” who was arrested in 1950 and served fourteen years for offences related to atomic espionage. It examines how Fuchs was identified as an “Atom Spy” in 1949 and describes the MI5's investigation, which ended in the early 1950 with the successful arrest, prosecution, and imprisonment of this highly significant Cold War figure. Key issues discussed in this article include the difficulties encountered by MI5 and the budding British atomic program in the sphere of security. It also discusses the role of Signals intelligence (SIGINT) in the investigation of Fuchs, and the high-risk but ultimately successful approach taken by MI5's key interrogator, William Skardon. This case study highlights both the unparalleled level of international intelligence cooperation between the British agencies and their American counterparts, which made the resolution of this case possible, and some of the frailties in the Anglo-American alliance that were brought to the fore by the exposure of Fuchs as an Atom Spy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N8N8MA32,2010-03-12,Timothy Gibbs,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:48:12Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0034,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2671387684,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 6954,The Challenges of Counterintelligence,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0033,"This article discusses counterintelligence and the challenges faced by the U.S. counterintelligence. The article begins by defining counterintelligence. Counterintelligence is the method of gathering information and performing activities to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassination conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. The discussion then proceeds to the various aspects of counterintelligence. It discusses counterintelligence as a counterespionage and as an asset validation. The third section discusses the purposes and techniques of running operations against the opposition in order to control their activities, misinform them, or get them to reveal their operational techniques and capabilities. The fourth section discusses counterintelligence as a tradecraft while the fifth section focuses on counterintelligence as a means for recruiting counterintelligence sources. The final section discusses the developing issues and challenges in counterintelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XNY8H8RU,2010-03-12,Paul J. Redmond,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:47:55Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0033,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2622167101,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2622167101,2012.0,2023.0,2010.0,,2.0 6955,Treason: “ 'Tis Worse than Murder”,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0032,This article investigates the origins of concerns about treason and the evolution of laws to prevent it. It also discusses the relationship between trust and treason and the role of trust in the development of democratic societies. The article also differentiates the legal definition of treason and the word that is more commonly used. It also discusses why traditional treason laws are rarely used to prosecute traitors as well as the development of anti-espionage laws. The article concludes with a discussion on the various motivations for treason and the changes that have occurred in those motivations.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/THBF2VV3,2010-03-12,"Stan A. Taylor, Kayle Buchanan",Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:47:44Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0032,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1656703697,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1656703697,2015.0,2018.0,2010.0,,5.0 6956,The Future of FBI Counterintelligence through the Lens of the Past Hundred Years,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0031,"Counterintelligence is the business of identifying and dealing with foreign intelligence threats to a nation, such as the United States. Its main concern is the intelligence services of foreign states and similar organizations of non-state actors, such as transnational terrorist groups. Counterintelligence functions both as a defensive measure that protects the nation's secrets and assets against foreign intelligence penetration and as an offensive measure to find out what foreign intelligence organizations are planning to defeat better their aim. This article addresses the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) foreign counterintelligence function. It briefly traces its evolution by examining the key events and the issues that effected its growth as the principle civilian counterintelligence service of the U.S. government.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LXUAMNUR,2010-03-12,Raymond J. Batvinis,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:47:36Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0031,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2623082251,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2623082251,2024.0,2024.0,2010.0,,14.0 6957,The Policymaker-Intelligence Relationship,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0027,"This article focuses on the policymaker and intelligence analyst relationship which is central to intelligence. The article proceeds from three main points: the centrality of analyst relationship with the consumer; the notion that intelligence's meaningful function is to serve as a larger apparatus for policymakers; and the strict boundary between policymakers and intelligence officers where intelligence officers are expected to distance themselves from creating preferences and recommendations. In the policymaker-intelligence relationship, the relationship should be dominated by the policymakers who have contested and won an election. Policymakers have the right to govern, set budgets, make decisions, and order operations. Second, intelligence is a service provided to policymakers. Although intelligence is an important and useful part of the policy process, its role should be determined by the policymakers and not by the intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JTLE26I3,2010-03-12,Mark M. Lowenthal,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:47:21Z,['CGAXYI88'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0027,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2692111440,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2692111440,2015.0,2025.0,2010.0,,5.0 6958,The Perils of Politicization,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0029,"Objectivity is inherent to the meaning of intelligence. However, objectivity is often challenged by the emergence of politicization and preferences. Politicization is the compromise of the objectivity of intelligence or of how intelligence is used to serve policy or political aims. Politicization of intelligence arises from a broad spectrum. It may come from senior policymakers, from the intelligence officers themselves, and from the public. This article discusses politicization and the dangers of it. First, it discusses the two basic forms of politicization: the public use of intelligence by the policymakers in bolstering support for their policies; and the influence of political or policy preferences on the judgments of intelligence services and intelligence officers. It also discusses the responses of the intelligence system to influences and the implications of politicization and the prospect of combating politicization.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GC6XES3U,2010-03-12,Paul R. Pillar,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:47:14Z,['CGAXYI88'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0029,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2640941178,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2640941178,2015.0,2026.0,2010.0,,5.0 6959,Leadership in an Intelligence Organization: The Directors of Central Intelligence and the CIA,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0030,"For over six decades, the directors of the Central Intelligence (DCI) and the directors of Central Intelligence Agency (DCIA) have headed the world's most important intelligence agency and, until 2005, overseen the most sophisticated, largest, and most productive set of intelligence services. The establishment of the position of the director and the CIA under the law in 1947 was aimed to help avoid the another Pearl Harbor attack by taking strategic intelligence functions from separate departments and elevating them to the national level. The director was to have been the only adviser to the president with the institutional capability of presenting him with unbiased and non-departmental intelligence. The phrases in the National Security Act, however, only gave the director the potential to be leader of the intelligence community. Whether a director came close to being one was a result of the interplay of politics, personalities, and world events. With the line of authority only over the CIA, the director depended upon his powers of bureaucratic persuasion and his political clout at the White House to be heard and heeded. This article focuses on the directors of Central Intelligence and their leadership role in the intelligence organization. It discusses the profiles of the directors, their impact, their leadership typology, and their successes as directors of the intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DC6SNBLK,2010-03-12,David Robarge,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:46:46Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0030,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2724104952,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2724104952,2017.0,2022.0,2010.0,,7.0 6960,The Dilemma of Defense Intelligence,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0026,"This article discusses the dilemma of the defense intelligence. It discusses the interweaving yet complicated relationship of the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Immersed in a divided and a “stovepiped” culture, the member agencies of the intelligence community lacked coordination and collaboration. In this article, the nature of the three agencies of the DOD: the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) are discussed. The evolution of coordination among the intelligence community agencies and the impact of 9/11 on the cooperation and collaboration between the agencies are also discussed including the era of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the challenges posed by the future space surveillance.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/969NLNU6,2010-03-12,Richard A. Best,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:46:18Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0026,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2735962000,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 6961,Intelligence Analysis in an Uncertain Environment,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0025,"This article discusses intelligence analysis in an uncertain environment. It discusses the development of intelligence analysis and the challenges faced by the intelligence services at the end of the Cold War. While the Cold War ended one aspect of the national security environment, it was preceded by the information revolution. The duration of this transforming change, its pervasive impact, and its two-edged implications make this the center of any effort to renew twenty-first-century analysis and analytic methodology. The article also discusses the still ongoing information revolution. In this environment, information scarcity was the norm not the exception. In the twentieth century, with the rise of totalitarian regimes whose first order of business was information control in the service of state security, even the flows of information formerly available, were closed off. This development forced responses even from democratic states. One direct consequence was the development of better and more complex intelligence organizations to collect, evaluate, and analyze information. The other, slightly more indirect, was the increase in the emphasis on covertly acquired information, with the resulting devaluation of information openly acquired. This development, in the Second World War, accelerated in the Cold War, especially in what became a “golden age of technical intelligence”. Other topics included are: the fiduciary relationship between the analyst and client, the development of analytic research, and the ethics of twenty-first-century analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7GQVFPAT,2010-03-12,William M. Nolte,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:46:01Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0025,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2622174243,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2622174243,2013.0,2025.0,2010.0,,3.0 6962,Decision Advantage and the Nature of Intelligence Analysis,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0024,"This article discusses intelligence analysis and the importance of an analyst equipped with critical thinking and sound reasoning in producing good intelligence analysis. Producing good intelligence analysis requires reasoning and critical thinking on the part of the analysts. In addition, they are also tasked with recognizing and coping with deception as well as influencing decision-makers without conveying preference on the choices available. This restraint in conveying preference should not, however, prevent the intelligence analyst from caring about his side of success or the outcomes of the policies they are supposed to inform. Successful intelligence provides advantages to decision-makers they would not otherwise have, so an analyst must know the frame of mind of the decision-maker and the strategy to help the policymaker to succeed. Intelligence is a building of the relationship of trust and collaboration between partners seeking wins for their team. Good intelligence is both subjective and objective and herein lies the essence of the analyst's conundrum: to be an expert and critical thinker, targeted for manipulation, legally denied relevant knowledge, responsible for advising, but prohibited from judging. The practice of intelligence analysis, the collection of information, the anticipation of an opponent's moves, the conveying of knowledge through assessments and estimates, and the collaboration and trust in the analyst and policymaker's relationship forms the focus of this article.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DFYCWP48,2010-03-12,Jennifer E. Sims,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:45:51Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0024,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2626079107,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2626079107,2015.0,2025.0,2010.0,,5.0 6963,Addressing “Complexities” in Homeland Security,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0021,"This article investigates a new category of intelligence problems called “complexities”. These complexities include terrorism, terrorist groups, “sensemaking” in the homeland security, and “sensemaking” in the law enforcement. The challenge is what intelligence and other agencies can usefully say about them for policymakers, ranging from senior leaders of government to police on the street. This article first defines complexities and explores their implications, then looks at several examples of how complexities might be addressed in counterterrorism intelligence and law enforcement.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TYXMWWC3,2010-03-12,Gregory F. Treverton,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:45:17Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0021,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W616022080,15.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W616022080,2012.0,2025.0,2010.0,http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-238,2.0 6964,The Intelligence Analysis Crisis,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0022,"The U.S. Intelligence community is in crisis. Contrary to popular opinion, this crisis in the intelligence community did not start in recent years, rather it dates back to the 1960s at a time when the U.S. intelligence on several accounts failed to provide sound national intelligence estimates. The failures of the U.S. intelligence is due to two factors: the common psychological traits which resulted in unmotivated biases in information processing which lead to systematically mistaken estimates in analysis; and the political environment of the intelligence system which has produced the notion that the intelligence product is not merely a means to achieve foreign policy goals but also a political commodity that can be used to advance political and bureaucratic interests. These biased outcomes have resulted in a bureaucratically incentivized and personally motivated manipulation in the production and use of intelligence analysis. This article discusses American intelligence failures within the broader context of American intelligence culture. It outlines eight specific aspects of this culture in order to determine the specific domains in which such intelligence estimation failures are likely to emerge. Particular focus is given on the two domains of failures: motivated and unmotivated biases. Suggestions on how to limit the impact of these biases on the intelligence estimates are also discussed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5YIXBYPD,2010-03-12,"Uri Bar-Joseph, Rose McDermott",Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:45:10Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0022,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1908748686,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1908748686,2014.0,2025.0,2010.0,,4.0 6965,Human Source Intelligence,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0016,"This article focuses on human source intelligence (humint) and the relevance of spying in the prevention of terrorist attacks. It assesses whether Cold War spying can be revived and reworked to lead to success in the time of holy terror and whether the motivations to spy remain relevant. In this article, the seven deadly sins of espionage are discussed including how they hold up to today's conditions. The article ends with a discussion on whether human source intelligence gathering or humint can play a significant role in countering international threats to the United States and the West in the twenty-first century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JBVPXCQH,2010-03-12,Frederick P. Hitz,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:44:20Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0016,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2626316995,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2626316995,2022.0,2022.0,2010.0,,12.0 6966,The Troubled Inheritance: The National Security Agency and the Obama Administration,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0015,"This article discusses the National Security Agency under the Obama Administration. Upon his inauguration on January 20, 2009, Obama inherited from the Bush administration an intelligence community embroiled in political controversies. Of the sixteen agencies of the intelligence community, the National Security Agency (NSA) faced the greatest scrutiny from the new Obama administration and the Congress. NSA was the largest and the most powerful member of the U.S. intelligence community. Since its formation in 1952, NSA has managed and directed all U.S. government signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection. It is the collector and processor of communications intelligence (COMINT) and the primary processor of foreign instrumentation signals intelligence (FISINT). And since 1958, NSA has been the coordinator of the U.S. government's national electronics intelligence (ELINT) program. It has also the task of overseeing the security of the U.S. government's communications and data processing systems, and since the 1980s, NSA has managed the U.S. government's national operation security (OPSEC) program. In this article, the focus is on the challenges faced by the NSA during the Bush administration; the role played by the NSA during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; and the challenges faced by the Obama administration in confronting a series of thorny legal and policy issues relating to NSA's eavesdropping program.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NI35HSHU,2010-03-12,Matthew M. Aid,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:44:13Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0015,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2701725415,0.0,False,,,,2010.0,, 6967,The President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0011,"In the final year of his presidency, President George W. Bush issued an Executive Order which reorganized and renamed the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB) to President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB). The precursor to PFIAB and PIAB, the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities was established by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1956. It aimed to provide the president a nonpartisan evaluation of the role and effectiveness of the U.S. intelligence collection, covert actions operation, counterintelligence, and intelligence analysis. The board has addressed three broad areas over the years. First, it assessed the impact of new technologies and innovative modes of organization to the collection and analysis of intelligence. Second, it analyzed foreign political trends. Third, it provided assessment of crisis management. Despite of the significant activities performed by the board, it remains to be the smallest and the least well-known part of the U.S. intelligence community. This article focuses on the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). It determines why it remains to be the least known part of the intelligence community and how it functions and operates. The article also discusses the evolution of the board from the perspective of the administration of Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Clinton, and G. W. Bush. While the PFIAB has been doubted of its relevance, it has remained to play a useful role for both the president and the overall intelligence community. Uniquely positioned, it has a clearance to review all of the most sensitive secrets and it has direct access to the president. It is a powerful and effective tool that supports the president's efforts to implement policies, manage operations of the intelligence community, and change organizations. Although much debate has been directed on the potential and the role of the institution, it has nevertheless made important recommendations such as the establishment of DIA, CIA's Directorate of Science and Technology, and Defense Attaché system; all of which improved the intelligence system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3GY5R8UG,2010-03-12,"Kenneth M. Absher, Michael C. Desch, Roman Popadiuk",Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:43:33Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0011,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W320058328,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W320058328,2022.0,2022.0,2010.0,,12.0 6968,British Strategic Intelligence and the Cold War,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0009,"Strategic intelligence was a term developed by the early pioneers of “classical intelligence theory” in the United States who combined their academic perspectives with active involvement in the development of the American intelligence community. The term entered the lexicon of intelligence studies in the United States while in Britain, the pioneering academic studies of intelligence made only fleeting reference to them. While there is an informed debate and a degree of openness on the issues of intelligence in the United States, Britain tackled the lessons of intelligence within the narrow walls of Whitehall. This article is a survey of the themes and issues in the study of British strategic intelligence. It discusses the evolution of the British strategic intelligence and intelligence historiography during the Cold War. It also discusses how British strategic intelligence coped with the war within the context of Whitehall and the Joint Intelligence Committee.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GHRTHS4G,2010-03-12,Len Scott,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:42:42Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0009,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2225426127,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2225426127,2021.0,2021.0,2010.0,,11.0 6969,The Rise and Fall of the CIA,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0008,"The Central Intelligence System was founded in 1947. Its rise was the result of the adoption of a doctrine on central intelligence. Once established, the agency achieved ascendancy in the intelligence community, acquired reputation for its successful covert operations, and developed an effective U.S. analytical capability. The agency became one of the most reputed institutions in the government circle and became the icon of American culture. However, the rise of the CIA was not devoid of failures. In the early twenty-first century, the CIA lost its former high standing. This fall of the CIA may be traced to a number of setbacks and difficulties such as: the Bay of Pigs disaster that failed to liberate Cuba from communism; the disclosures about its assassination policy, manipulation of intelligence, and malpractices; and the failure to predict the 9/11 attack and the creation of weapons of mass destruction. This article discusses the rise and fall of the CIA from its founding in 1947 to its golden years in the 1950s and to its troubled years in the 1960s. The article also discusses some of the revelations on the CIA which shocked the American nation. It also discusses the victory of the CIA during the Cold War and the reforms undertaken by the agency following the Aldrich Ames incident and following the many criticisms hurtled against the agency. The article concludes with the declining ascendancy of the CIA. The decline of the CIA rested in the agency's loss of standing. It had relinquished its ascendancy over and its independence within the intelligence community. While its capabilities remained, it is a fallen agency in the sense that its analyses now fell on unsympathetic ears.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B9R68PIG,2010-03-12,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:42:29Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0008,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2681628645,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2681628645,2020.0,2025.0,2010.0,,10.0 6970,"The Rise of the U.S. Intelligence System, 1917–1977",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0007,"Between 1917 and 1977, the United States created a massive and sophisticated intelligence establishment to inform the decisions of its leaders and facilitate the success of their policies. At the beginning, the nation's armed forces held crude notions of military intelligence. By 1977, the United States had the most sophisticated and expensive intelligence system. This rise of intelligence was the United States's response to three challenges: the growing willingness of states to hold non-combatants at risk for political ends; the startling increases in the ability of the states to wreak havoc; and the spiraling expenses in deterring enemies who possessed new powerful weapons. This article discusses the early development of the U.S. Intelligence in 1917 and its expansion to an “Intelligence Community” from 1977 onwards. It also discusses the influences on the development of American intelligence system and the political strains that come along with the development of the intelligence system.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EI93QA2P,2010-03-12,Michael Warner,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:42:02Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0007,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2626020350,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2626020350,2015.0,2022.0,2010.0,,5.0 6971,Assessing Intelligence Performance,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0006,"Literatures on intelligence predominantly focus on intelligence failures, often explicitly claiming that the failures reflect the poor performance of the intelligence agencies as a whole. Despite negative claims on the performance of these agencies, politicians, citizens, and scholars often have little to discuss on intelligence performance. They seldom ask what the intelligence services do in aggregate; what their performance rate is; how the infrequent yet prominent failures compare to ongoing performance that is invisible to the outsiders because it is at least adequate; and how ignorance of the performance of the different types of intelligence activities affects the overall assessment of the intelligence services. This little discussion on some of the important aspects of intelligence performance resulted in the absence of general theory of intelligence performance. To judge better intelligence performance, understanding the functions and the nature of work of the intelligence services is a must. This article hence uses existing theory and available data to determine the theory of the whole performance of intelligence agencies. It also provides a scorecard of the recent performance of the U.S. intelligence and suggests avenues for future research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NM44NWAD,2010-03-12,John A. Gentry,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:41:48Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0006,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2625890423,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2625890423,2012.0,2025.0,2010.0,,2.0 6972,Getting Intelligence History Right: Reflections and Recommendations from the Inside,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0005,"From its earliest years, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has counted on various specialists it has employed, particularly historians, to document, reflect on, and interpret the Agency's past with an view to understanding its present and future. Intelligence organizations like the CIA employ historical staff because of the idea that history aids the intelligence agency to figure out who they are by illuminating the value of the often misunderstood profession, the mistakes and achievements of the past and how they came about, and the ways to improve work and appreciation of the reasons for public criticism, distrust, and the occasional call to disband the CIA. The CIA History Staff has an external function although its most important function is internal. Even so, the internal historical function of the CIA History Staff depends on the histories and historical treatments of CIA conducted by outsiders. Intelligence historians working within the CIA and outside historians mutually benefit from the works of each other. Intelligence historians directly benefit from outside histories so do outside historians from the work of CIA historians. This article describes the function and work of “inside” intelligence historians. It offers some recommendations for “outside” historians to make their work more precise and relevant to all.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5DPR4F7J,2010-03-12,Nicholas Dujmovic,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:41:30Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0005,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2728264431,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2728264431,2017.0,2022.0,2010.0,,7.0 6973,The Sources and Methods of Intelligence Studies,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0004,"“Sources and methods” is a term often used to describe the practice of intelligence collection and analysis. Intelligence sources and the nature of information obtained vary. Intelligence sources may include information obtained from espionage, images obtained by satellites, intercepted communications, and publicly available media reporting. The nature of information may vary, from purloined documents to the “signature” of a ship's radar. The term “methods,” which is synonymous with “tradecraft,” pertains to the techniques used by operations officers and analysts to carry out their duties. Methods may include social-science methodologies, computer-based analytic tools, maintaining secretive communications, and so on. Intelligence agencies worldwide strive to protect their “sources and methods” because they are crucial to the success of ongoing and future operations and analysis, and a, comprise of the ways they collect and analyze information can give opponents a keen appreciation of their overall capabilities and interests. In the advent of globalization, the barriers are dissolved between foreign and domestic violence activities, including the ways local and national law enforcement and intelligence agencies work. Distinctions between private and public interests and entities are also blurred as activities in the public and private sphere interact to shape domestic and international threats. Apart from globalization, the advent of information revolution has also changed the practice and study of intelligence. Policymakers, analysts, and scholars are now confronted with a torrent of data and information as well as the virtual realities of “cyberspace.” New collective workspaces, which are empowered by the advancement in communication and computer technologies, are also creating new opportunities for collaboration. This article discusses three emerging topics in the study and practice of intelligence in such a way to illustrate the emerging sources and methods of intelligence studies. These new emerging topics are: the intelligence for homeland security, the concept of collective intelligence, and the application of intelligence and warning methodologies to mitigate risk.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DNGNP3SF,2010-03-12,James J. Wirtz,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:40:56Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'KGU8VLSW']",10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0004,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2707576883,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2707576883,2014.0,2026.0,2010.0,,4.0 6974,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Book,https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28250,"Abstract. The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence is about intelligence and national security. The text examines the topic in full, beginning with",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PS8U76ZN,2010-03-02,Loch K. Johnson,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:39:22Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.001.0001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1495637187,114.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1495637187,2012.0,2026.0,2010.0,,2.0 6975,"Signals Intelligence in War and Power Politics, 1914–2010",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0010,"This article discusses signals intelligence in war and power politics. Signals intelligence is the most secretive and significant source of intelligence. It has many parts such as: the elint (electronic intelligence) which derives information from assessing electronic emissions and the communication intelligence which derives information from reading encrypted messages. Signal intelligence is relevant as it is highly reliable. Aside from its reliability, like other forms of intelligence, signal intelligence aids in the proper execution of policies, aids developing military tactics, and influences diplomatic bargaining. In this article, discussions include: the emergence of signals intelligence; open diplomacy and diplomatic codebreaking; Ultra and Enigma signals intelligence and the industrialization of signals intelligence through the introduction of computers that specializes in cryptology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JMCPTYS2,2010-03-12,John Ferris,Oxford University Press,,2023-12-26T17:38:49Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195375886.003.0010,The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2622836582,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2622836582,2019.0,2024.0,2010.0,,9.0 6976,"Chinese Codebreakers, 1927–45",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-10/chinese-codebreakers-1927%E2%80%9345-maochun-yu?context=ubx&refId=2442b742-7cd1-42dc-8156-3e713f319006,"This study traces the origins of Chinese codebreaking efforts during the key years of the Republican period. It deals with China’s Sigint against the invading Japanese, its political implications within the KMT power structure, China’s tenacious attempt at breaking the Japanese military code and its success, and finally, and more importantly, China’s codebreaking efforts in the grand scheme of Allied war operations in East and South Asia, with the special emphasis on Chinese-British Sigint cooperation or the lack of. The Chinese story once again testifies to the importance of inter-service and inter-ally coordination, the failure of which contributed to many disasters during World War II in Asia, including the sinking of HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NV972R9I,1999,Maochun Yu,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:37:42Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6977,"Signals Intelligence and Vichy France, 1940–44: Intelligence in Defeat",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-9/signals-intelligence-vichy-france-1940%E2%80%9344-martin-thomas?context=ubx&refId=ab2400a1-d17a-4321-b228-b5eec745b739,"After the 1940 defeat, French Sigint activity continued under the Vichy regime. It remained primarily devoted to the interception of Axis signals although, across the Vichy empire, more diverse threats, including the possibility of Anglo-American or Free French incursions in Africa and the Middle East, led to intelligence-gathering against both the Axis and the Allied powers. During 1942 French Sigint work fell victim to the political divisions within the civil-military hierarchy at Vichy, and was undermined by the Axis occupation of southern France in November. Still, the former emphasis on anti-Axis intelligence-gathering and the involvement of senior Vichy leaders in the continuation of Sigint activity suggest that the regime was less resigned to defeat and eventual collaboration than is often supposed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3RSMJ38K,1999,Martin Thomas,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:37:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6978,New Intelligence Releases: A British Side to the Story,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-8/new-intelligence-releases-bradley-smith?context=ubx&refId=971ae448-8f9a-445b-8c9f-a7f7feb83d15,"Britain and the United States have a long and creditable history regarding the opening of their records on foreign relations. During the French revolutionary wars, and on into the mid-nineteenth century, the British and American governments frequently released statements and documents setting forth their policies in international matters, and in the 1870s the United States began publication of a series of documentary volumes, Foreign Relations of the United States (continuing to this day) which set a high standard of diplomatic openness.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4Z23BVLU,1999,Bradley F. Smith,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:36:42Z,"['KGU8VLSW', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6979,Searching for Security: The German Investigations into Enigma's Security,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-7/searching-security-ratcliff?context=ubx&refId=56f86761-7582-44ea-940c-3e804b6f4ae8,"‘Search for Security’ examines why the German Marine (Navy) never recognized the compromise of its Enigma ciphers. The detailed study of several surviving Marine security investigations reveals that the investigators employed flawed methods and refused to consider seriously rather obvious signs that the Allies could read Enigma messages. Instead, the Germans blamed their information leaks on Allied agents and, most of all, on the Allies’ presumed technical superiority in the areas of radar and location technology, not superior cryptanalytic technology.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YFJ4RNJB,1999,R. A. Ratcliff,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:35:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6980,Cautious Collaborators: The Struggle for Anglo-American Cryptanalytic Co-Peration 1940–43,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-6/cautious-collaborators-lee-gladwin?context=ubx&refId=07a09df6-cab0-4bf5-a6ab-791d19a0554c,‘Cautious Collaborators’ recounts the halting development of British-United States cryptanalytic collaboration from first tentative contacts and troubled arrangements through the conclusion of the Wenger-Travis agreement (1942) and the British and United States Agreement (BRUSA) of 1943. It sheds new light on the tangible results of the Abraham Sinkov mission and details the impact of Alan Turing’s United States visit on the conclusion of BRUSA.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X7AW4ZDG,1999,Lee A. Gladwin,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:35:25Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6981,New Evidence on Breaking the Japanese Army Codes,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-4/new-evidence-breaking-japanese-army-codes-edward-drea-joseph-richard?context=ubx&refId=1190a0c5-6966-4e1e-adb3-08ca7b1b281d,"The Imperial Japanese Army developed an extremely complex yet user-friendly code system that was, in theory, unbreakable by outsiders. A combination of Japanese systemic errors in transmitting enciphered messages and poor physical security when handling code materials enabled the Allies to break what was one of the most difficult book-based cryptosystems of World War II. Recently available declassified American documents amplify and clarify the Imperial Army’s use and abuse of its code systems in the Southwest Pacific Theater with specific wartime examples that illustrate how the Japanese army codes unraveled.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T2WPNYEL,1999,"Edward J. Drea, Joseph E. Richard",Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:34:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6982,Signals Intelligence in Australia during the Pacific War,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-3/signals-intelligence-australia-pacific-war-frank-cain?context=ubx&refId=0ffb50c2-ac4c-45aa-8592-a008f80ef2bb,"When the Pacific War commenced in December 1941 Australia and its Allies knew little about how to break Japan’s military codes. The US Navy was better prepared to read Japan’s naval codes and when General MacArthur escaped to Australia with his Sigint staff they combined with the Australian decoders who had worked against the Germans in the Middle East to form the Central Bureau. Slowly and persistently these operators broke Japan’s air codes, water transport codes and later the main army code. This analysis explains how this decoding knowledge was slowly accumulated and how it contributed to the ending of the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/36DW3E5N,1999,Frank Cain,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:32:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6983,"Automating American Cryptanalysis 1930–45: Marvelous Machines, a Bit Too Late",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-2/automating-american-cryptanalysis-1930%E2%80%9345-colin-burke?context=ubx&refId=f32aad44-d714-49b4-af48-59d12f078aae,"This essay traces the efforts of American and German cryptanalysts to construct advanced code and cipher breaking machines before and during World War II. Extending the reach of the 1995 book, Information and Secrecy, this paper reveals that the Americans built more advanced machines than thought, such as the 5202 for the ‘Fish’ problem. However, that and their other machines usually emerged too late to meet the targeted crypto-crises – partly because of the failure to sustain a program of the mid-19308. The German program began much later and was much less productive than the American or British initiatives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QSLJRDQ9,1999,Colin Burke,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:31:41Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6984,"The British intelligence community in Singapore, 1946-1959 : local security, regional co-ordination and the Cold War in the Far East",Thesis,https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/23515/,"Singapore was the stronghold of British intelligence in the Far East during the Cold War. The small city-colony played host to a diverse range of British intelligence organisations including regional outposts of MI5 and the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), specialist technical intelligence centres, open source reporting centres and the police Special Branch. These intelligence outfits operated across three levels: the local, the regional and the national. This thesis investigates the British intelligence milieu in Singapore, focusing upon its organisation and status; its working culture and operations; and its impact or influence. In so doing, the thesis interrogates to what extent we can speak of a definable British intelligence 'community' in Singapore during the early Cold War. It concludes that there were instead two distinct communities: a local intelligence community, and a regional-national one. Nevertheless, there were two core similarities. Security intelligence was at the forefront of both communities as the most appropriate response to the nature of the Cold War both within Singapore and the Southeast Asian region. Secondly, both intelligence communities played a significant role not just in shaping official perceptions but as avenues for covert policy implementation. At the regional level, intelligence activities enabled Britain to fight the Cold War through clandestine measures, fulfilling the key policy goal of providing containment without (extensive) commitments. Locally, security intelligence was a major driving force in the engagement between the Singapore government, communist 'terrorists' and anti-colonial nationalists. This thesis is not just about British intelligence in the Cold War. It also provides original insight into Singapore's transition to self-government between 1946 and 1959 by focusing on the crucial role played by Special Branch. Intelligence services were vital in ensuring that Singapore was rendered 'safe' for decolonisation, and their activities indicate continuity between colonial and post-colonial government in Singapore.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/64ARHSV3,2019,Alexander Nicholas Shaw,,,2022-12-20T21:57:50Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Leeds,,,,,,,,, 6985,"MI5 and the Cold War in South-East Asia: examining the performance of Security Intelligence Far East (SIFE), 1946–1963",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2017.1289695,"From 1946–1963, MI5 operated a South-East Asian regional headquarters in Singapore: Security Intelligence Far East (SIFE). This article responds to growing interest in theatre-level intelligence organisation and the importance of intelligence to Britain’s Cold War and decolonisation by examining the performance of SIFE. On the organisational level, SIFE was strongest when it remained wedded to its charter functions and closely adhered to the priorities of its principal consumer: the Commissioner-General for South-East Asia. Its assessments were influential in shaping decision-makers’ understandings of key regional developments, although this did not always translate into public policy. Lastly, SIFE enjoyed success in developing lasting liaison relationships to cement British influence, but failed to utilise these to improve its intake of raw intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3TP3TBGJ,"September 19, 2017",Alexander Nicholas Shaw,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-12-30T08:25:15Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684527.2017.1289695,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2588171370,20.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2588171370,2020.0,2024.0,2017.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2017.1289695?needAccess=true,3.0 6986,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Book,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315038247,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/79H5T54J,1999,David Alvarez,Routledge,,2020-06-05T10:17:16Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6987,Axis Sigint Collaboration: A Limited Partnership,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-1/axis-sigint-collaboration-david-alvarez?context=ubx&refId=1a8d59d4-0fe8-4ad5-b65c-a64b15f37cbb,"In the 1920s German cryptanalytic agencies began to establish cooperative relations with sister services in many of the countries that would fight alongside Germany during World War II. After the outbreak of war, collaboration intensified and resulted in a few notable successes against Allied and neutral communications. Collaboration was undermined, however, by inadequate resources, ineffective coordination, and the condescension of the Germans, who treated their putative allies as dependents rather than equals.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHVR52GZ,1999,David Alvarez,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:30:26Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6988,"The Western Secret Services, the East German Ministry of State Security and the Building of the Berlin Wall",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315878720-9/western-secret-services-east-german-ministry-state-security-building-berlin-wall-paul-maddrell?context=ubx&refId=820294d4-61b0-4ab0-b24a-4273b65d35ab,"In this paper I seek to make four points. The first is that border security was essential to the Communist police state. The police state of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) did not function properly in the years before 1961 because East Germans could escape it — either for a day or two, or forever. This is established by records of East Germany's Ministry of State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, or MfS) and, in particular, by records of its Hauptabteilung IX (Main Department IX). This was the Ministry's ‘investigation unit’ (Untersuchungsorgan); among other things, it was responsible for interrogating arrested spies. Its records are the principal source for this paper and they put the Second Berlin Crisis of 1958–63 in a new light. Espionage and subversion against the GDR were organized from a safe haven located right next to it and conducted over a border it had not yet managed to close. This was a challenge which the Soviet security service had not faced since the Bolshevik regime had signed the Treaty of Brest—Litovsk in 1918. In the Treaty's wake, the Bolsheviks had closed their state's western border.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3G3LHJUU,2008,Paul Maddrell,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:29:27Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,"Intelligence, Crises and Security",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6989,Crisis Management in Colonial States: Intelligence and Counter-Insurgency in Morocco and Syria after the First World War,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315878720-3/crisis-management-colonial-states-intelligence-counter-insurgency-morocco-syria-first-world-war-martin-thomas?context=ubx&refId=56771291-841e-4381-8efc-ff43aefc3fcd,"This paper is about intelligence agencies and empire in crisis conditions. It analyses the performance of French security services confronted with violent unrest and communal rebellion in Morocco and Syria in the 1920s. The paper addresses fundamental questions about power in a colonial state. What was the relationship between intelligence agencies and the coercive instruments of imperial power? How far did intelligence-gathering help to maintain state authority? And what role did intelligence agencies play as architects of colonial state formation? In the French Moroccan protectorate and the Syrian mandate, the local security services — military intelligence officers, Arabic-speaking tribal control specialists, and the secret police units of the Sûreté Générale and the Special Branch — had clear ideas about the answers to each of these questions. Using the Moroccan and Syrian examples, the central proposition of the paper is that the inter-war protectorates, mandates and colonies stretching in an arc through the Arab world were ‘intelligence states’, a concept that the paper will seek to develop.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FC9WNIE6,2008,Martin Thomas,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:28:23Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,"Intelligence, Crises and Security",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6990,"‘Where the State Feared to Tread': Britain, Britons, Covert Action and the Yemen Civil War, 1962–64",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315878720-4/state-feared-tread-britain-britons-covert-action-yemen-civil-war-1962%E2%80%9364-clive-jones?context=ubx&refId=fdcd3041-c915-4d31-a9f4-1ce19590b510,"Whatever the legal and moral controversies surrounding covert action or special operations, their use as a tool of foreign policy is most closely associated with established intelligence and security services of the state, eager, as Richard Aldrich notes, to ‘influence the world in unseen ways’ in the pursuit of national, ideological or indeed ethnic goals. 1 Yet the study of covert action and indeed, covert diplomacy, remains the poor relation in the overall field of intelligence studies. 2 The nomenclature surrounding the study of ‘covert action’, ‘special operations’ or ‘clandestine activity’ is loaded with subjective definitions, which, by the very nature of any closed activity, pose an inherent epistemological problem.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B7L68ZRM,2008,Clive Jones,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:25:38Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,"Intelligence, Crises and Security",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6991,Objective Intelligence or Plausible Denial: An Open Source Review of Intelligence Method and Process since 9/11,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315878720-5/objective-intelligence-plausible-denial-open-source-review-intelligence-method-process-since-9-11-alfred-rolington?context=ubx&refId=ae531835-2b83-4880-b42d-08986354ea48,"In the aftermath of the events of 11 September 2001 (9/11), the American Intelligence Community (IC) has been subjected to intense scrutiny as debate over its construction and organization have raged in the United States. This is hardly surprising as the shock of the terrorist attacks of 2001 on the United States caused a period of self-doubt and introspection about the US Intelligence Community akin to that caused amongst the State Department when the question ‘Who lost China?’ was posed in the late 1940s. 1 Then, as now, the American public want answers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5VINHI9Z,2008,"Alfred Rolington, Len Scott, R. Gerald Hughes",Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:25:09Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,"Intelligence, Crises and Security",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6992,The CIA in Western Europe and the Abuse of Human Rights,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315878720-6/cia-western-europe-abuse-human-rights-daniele-ganser?context=ubx&refId=4494eecd-c9ba-4d7d-a1ae-527e0ef19f9a,"After its creation in 1947 the US foreign intelligence service Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was given the explicit task not only to collect and analyse information from across the world, but also to engage in covert action in foreign countries. Many of these operations carried out by the CIA ever since have violated the national sovereignty of the target country and must therefore be considered as illegal. When the National Security Act was passed, which created both the CIA and the National Security Council (NSC), US lawmakers refrained from explicitly mentioning the words ‘covert action’, but more obscurely gave the CIA the duty to ‘perform such other functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security as the National Security Council may from time to time direct’. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6Z2UBKSM,2008,Daniele Ganser,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:24:42Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,"Intelligence, Crises and Security",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6993,"Intelligence, Iraq and the Limits of Legislative Accountability during Political Crisis",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315878720-10/intelligence-iraq-limits-legislative-accountability-political-crisis-anthony-glees-philip-davies?context=ubx&refId=54a18f27-bd86-42b8-baed-d0faa9b1d5e1,"There exists a prevailing consensus in political debates over intelligence and security policy that legislative accountability is an unalloyed good, of which the more the better. Within democratic countries the principle of legislative oversight of intelligence makes a certain kind of a priori sense, being naturally consistent with the broader practices of political accountability in both parliamentary and Hamiltonian models of representative government (and the many hybrid forms that have developed over the last century or so). There is legislative oversight of foreign, economic, fiscal, environmental and defence policy, and so the idea of having bodies of legislators overseeing the intelligence services seems only natural. Within such a matter of principle, the only question is really whether the intelligence services require their own separate legislative bodies (as has increasingly been the practice in the United States since the Church Committee reports to Congress in 1975 and 1976) or whether the agencies, with their diverse technical and geographical jurisdictions, might be more easily subsumed under existing legislative committees. In other words, oversight could be distributed between committees on foreign affairs for overseas espionage, home affairs for domestic security intelligence, defence for activities in support of the armed services, and finance or appropriations for their budgets (as was American practice prior to 1975, 1 and as advocated by the UK Home Affairs Committee in 1993 2 ). The problem, however, is far from being so simple. The collection, processing and management of secret intelligence is a very special category of activity. Espionage in a democracy happens on the boundaries of democracy, at the frontiers of civil society where the opponents of liberal government seek to exploit basic civil liberties to undermine the political order that makes those freedoms possible. In such a hostile environment, secrecy is a necessary virtue and openness a potentially irresponsible vice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HC7JTSP,2008,"Anthony Glees, Philip H. J. Davies",Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:23:24Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,"Intelligence, Crises and Security",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6994,Iraq: The Mother of all Intelligence Failures,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315878720-11/iraq-mother-intelligence-failures-michael-fitzgerald-richard-ned-lebow?context=ubx&refId=9062c271-5505-423f-82bd-ea7c6d3a1e0d,"Greek tragedy offers a useful framework for analyzing the Bush administration's failure in Iraq. It focuses our attention on the hubris of the powerful, and the bad judgment and risk-taking it spawns. Tragedy also emphasizes the ways in which well-intentioned initiatives often produce outcomes diametrically opposed to those that were envisaged. The tragic poets attribute such outcomes to competing, and often irreconcilable, ethical perspectives, and to the inherent complexity of social relations, which makes it impossible to foresee with confidence the implications of one's behavior. Sophocles and Thucydides — who wrote history, but from a tragic perspective — warn that efforts to use power and knowledge to ward off disaster often make it more likely. 1 George Bush has neither the intelligence nor political skills of Oedipus or Pericles. But a man of limited ability with great power, readily manipulated by more clever advisors, can set in motion a tragedy of Greek proportions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZUB9NPXC,2008,"Michael Fitzgerald, Richard Ned Lebow",Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:22:15Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,"Intelligence, Crises and Security",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6995,Overcoming Strategic Weakness: The Egyptian Deception and the Yom Kippur War 1,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315878720-8/overcoming-strategic-weakness-egyptian-deception-yom-kippur-war-1-yigal-sheffy?context=ubx&refId=e9533e25-b2ae-489c-8b1a-45135dffcb01,"The contribution of Egyptian deception to the total surprise experienced by Israel at the outbreak of the Yom Kippur War (the Ramadan War for the Arabs) has been discussed in almost every work published on the subject of the war. 2 Although it is generally conceded that deception made a significant contribution to Israel's surprise, their judgement on the place of deception in Egyptian planning and the professional merits of this specific instance of deception covers a spectrum, ranging from ‘the sole element [in the war] that was intelligently constructed and implemented with great skill’ 3 to ‘of middling quality’ and even ‘rather primitive’. 4",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ER83W2IE,2008,Yigal Sheffy,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:21:24Z,['DHLN8GE4'],,"Intelligence, Crises and Security",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6996,"Intelligence, Crises and Security: Prospects and Retrospects",Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315878720/intelligence-crises-security-len-scott-gerald-hughes,"This collection of essays by leading experts seeks to explore what lessons for the exploitation and management of secret intelligence might be drawn from a variety of case studies ranging from the 1920s to the ‘War on Terror’. Long regarded as the ‘missing dimension’ of international history and politics, public and academic interest in the role of secret intelligence has continued to grow in recent years, not least as a result of controversy surrounding the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11 2001. Intelligence, Crises and Security addresses a range of themes including: crisis management, covert diplomacy, intelligence tradecraft, counterterrorism, intelligence ‘overload’, intelligence in relation to neutral states, deception, and signals intelligence. The work breaks new ground in relation to numerous key international episodes and events, not least as a result of fresh disclosures from government archives across the world. This book was previously published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V2QPMDNP,2013-08-16,"Len Scott, R. Gerald Hughes",Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:20:15Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'DHLN8GE4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.4324/9781315878720,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4238856475,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4238856475,2017.0,2017.0,2013.0,,4.0 6997,"Intelligence and Diplomatic Signalling during Crises: The British Experiences of 1877–78, 1922 and 1938",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315878720-2/intelligence-diplomatic-signalling-crises-british-experiences-1877%E2%80%9378-1922-1938-john-ferris,"‘Well, whatever your country is going to do, please tell Jack that if a great power embarks on a course of action, there is only one crime, and that is failure’. 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DCUYS2HD,2008,John Ferris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:19:26Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,"Intelligence, Crises and Security",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6998,"The ‘Usual Source': Signals Intelligence and Planning for the Eighth Army ‘Crusader' Offensive, 1941",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315038247-5/usual-source-john-ferris,"This in-depth study looks at the intelligence process before Eighth Army’s first defeat of Rommel in North Africa at the end of 1941. In particular the role of Brigadier John Shearer, the Army’s intelligence chief, is examined in relation to Generals Wavell, Auchinleck and Cunningham. Shearer’s increasingly professional methods, however, could not deliver an easy victory for Eighth Army in its bid to relieve Tobruk.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NIX8Y47Z,1999,John Ferris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:15:50Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence in World War II,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 6999,Intelligence and International Security: New Perspectives and Agendas,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9781315868042/intelligence-international-security-len-scott-gerald-hughes-martin-alexander,"The events of 9/11 and subsequent acts of jihadist terrorism, together with the failures of intelligence agencies over Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Destruction, have arguably heralded a new age of intelligence. For some this takes the form of a crisis of legitimacy. For others the threat of cataclysmic terrorism involving chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear attack gives added poignancy to the academic contention that intelligence failure is inevitable. Many of the challenges facing intelligence appear to be both new and deeply worrying. In response, intelligence has clearly taken on new forms and new agendas. How these various developments are viewed depends upon the historical, normative and political frameworks in which they are analysed. This book addresses fundamental questions arising in this new age. The central aim of the collection is to identify key issues and questions and subject them to interrogation from different methodological perspectives using internationally acclaimed experts in the field. A key focus in the collection is on British and North American perspectives. Recent trends and debates about the organisation and conduct of intelligence provide key themes for exploration. Underpinning several contributions is the recognition that intelligence faces a conflict of ideas as much as practices and threats. This book was published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TK68AHV8,2013-08-29,"Len Scott, R. Gerald Hughes, Martin S. Alexander",Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:14:37Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.4324/9781315868042,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4214698643,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4214698643,2024.0,2024.0,2013.0,,11.0 7000,"‘The Internationalism of Islam’: The British Perception of a Muslim Menace, 1840–1951",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315868042-10/internationalism-islam-british-perception-muslim-menace-1840%E2%80%931951-john-ferris,"British ideas of a Muslim menace to imperial security had a long life, and varying importance. They rarely stood in the first rank of imperial concerns, but sometimes in the second. Nor are these matters easy to assess. They involve the interaction between many actors and factors, such as rule in and rulers over India and Africa, or observation, intelligence, perception, learning, fear, ignorance and uncertainty. Causes and effects are hard to disentangle. The records are rife with strange reports, which often hold truth. Their study requires generalization, risking overgeneralization. Perceptions of Muslim peoples between 1840 and 1951 were influencedThe India Office Records Library (IORL), British Library, holds the papers of Lord Northbrook, Guy Fleetwood-Wilson, Broughton de Gyfford, Charles Wood, Lord Lytton and Lord Curzon, and the R and L/P&J series. The Middle East Centre Archive (MECA), Oxford, holds the papers of Lord Cromer and Robert Ryan, the British Library those of Arthur Balfour, while the David Lloyd George papers are at the House of Lords Record Office. Citations from these sources are made with permission of the copyright holders. The CAB, CO, FO and WO series, held at The National Archives United Kingdom (NAUK), are cited byby many systems of ideas, both complementary and contradictory: imperial anthropology, racism, Orientalism, Whig paternalism, concepts of national characteristics, cultural ethnocentrism, and a model of the evolutionary modernization of all peoples on western (especially British) lines, including movement toward secularism and nationalism. These concepts are hard to handle as a whole, or individually. Thus, racism had simple effects at lower levels of decision making, but complex results at higher ones. The evidence is filled with language or logic which was, or can be seen as being, racist or Orientalist, but they must be treated as problems, not as self-evident. Decision makers held many opinions about Muslim peoples, who were not seen as one unchanging ‘other’. There always was a debate over these issues. Imperial knowledge altered over time. Often it simply was knowledge. These issues are an unknown part of the history for a matter with contemporary resonance. This paper will chart its coasts, but the continent remains to be surveyed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TRLA4DVI,2011,John Ferris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:13:28Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,Intelligence and International Security,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7001,Intelligence and OVERLORD: A snapshot from 6 June 1944,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203695685/twenty-first-century-intelligence-wesley-wark?refId=e12e72b8-142e-44cb-b982-4bed10b15d5e&context=ubx,Intelligence and OVERLORD - 1 - A snapshot from 6 June 1944,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z3ZQ76A9,2006,John Ferris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:02:11Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,The Normandy Campaign 1944,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7002,Twenty-First Century Intelligence,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203695685/twenty-first-century-intelligence-wesley-wark?refId=e12e72b8-142e-44cb-b982-4bed10b15d5e&context=ubx,"Twenty-First Century Intelligence collects the thinking of some of the foremost experts on the future of intelligence in our new century. The essays contained in this volume are set against the backdrop of the transforming events of the September 11 terrorist attacks. Intelligence plays a central and highly visible role in the global war on terror, and in new doctrines of global pre-emption of threats. Yet the challenges for intelligence services are great as the twenty-first century unfolds.This collection will inform and stimulate new thinking about the current strengths and weaknesses of intelligence services, and about the future paths that they may follow. Behind the controversies of the present over intelligence performance, lie critical questions about how the past and future of an often mysterious but critical arm of the state are linked.This book was previously published as a special issue of the journal Intelligence and National Security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YVN7AIGA,2005,Wesley K. Wark,Routledge,,2023-12-26T17:00:31Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.4324/9780203695685,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2922431182,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2922431182,2012.0,2022.0,2013.0,,-1.0 7003,"A New American Way of War? C4ISR, Intelligence and Information Operations in Operation ‘Iraqi Freedom': A Provisional Assessment",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203695685-8/new-american-way-war-c4isr-intelligence-information-operations-operation-iraqi-freedom-provisional-assessment-john-ferris,"A New American Way of War? C4ISR, Intelligence and Information Operations in Operation ‘Iraqi Freedom': A Provisional Assessment - 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UXZFPET5,2005,John Ferris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T16:59:44Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,Twenty-First Century Intelligence,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7004,"The British Empire vs. The Hidden Hand: British Intelligence and Strategy and ‘The CUP-Jew-German-Bolshevik combination', 1918–1924",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315614199-15/british-empire-vs-hidden-hand-british-intelligence-strategy-cup-jew-german-bolshevik-combination-1918%E2%80%931924-john-ferris,"The British Empire vs. The Hidden Hand: British Intelligence and Strategy and ‘The CUP-Jew-German-Bolshevik combination', 1918–1924 - 1",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CP5F68GK,2010,John Ferris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T16:58:24Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,"The British Way in Warfare: Power and the International System, 1856–1956",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7005,Intelligence in War,Book chapter,https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-405,"""Intelligence in War"" published on by Oxford University Press.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PN2XHPEU,2010/03/01,John Ferris,,,2023-12-26T16:57:29Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.405,Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2914070466,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 7006,“Now that the Milk is Spilt”: Appeasement and the Archive on Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592290802344996,"This article assesses British intelligence and its effect on policy during the interwar years. It discusses the publically available documentation, which now includes almost all the material on the matter, though the data base has been permanently destroyed in significant ways. The paper traces the development of British intelligence between 1869–1939, involving the transition from a tradition to a system of intelligence, with the greatest change occurring during the Fist World War. The article assesses how, between 1914–39, intelligence was interrelated to bureaucratic politics, modes of decision making, and the formulation of strategic politics, modes of decision making, and the formulation of strategic policy. It discusses the structure and power of British intelligence agencies between 1919–39, their quality compared to rivals in other countries, and the impact on policy of their successes and failures. It concludes that intelligence, as an influence and a source of evidence, is essential to the study of diplomatic and strategic history, upon which its impact is complex and variable.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J8I8FKS7,2008-09-17,John R. Ferris,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2023-12-26T16:56:03Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/09592290802344996,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2127359409,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2127359409,2018.0,2021.0,2008.0,,10.0 7007,"Coming in from the Cold War: The Historiography of American Intelligence, 1945–1990",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1995.tb00578.x,"A new branch of history has arisen: the study of intelligence. Not that the topic has ever been ignored. In most decades of this century, some scholars referred to intelligence, their works augmented by a few semi-official accounts and a good many bad books.1 Diplomatic and military historians often discussed espionage and used it for purposes of evidence or explanation. In Russia and the Balkans, 1870–1880 (1937), for example, B. H. Sumner integrated intelligence and diplomacy as well as any subsequent writer.2 Meanwhile, beginning in the later nineteenth century, the genre of spy fiction began to flourish. Old-hands-turned-hacks like Somerset Maugham, Ian Fleming, and E. Howard Hunt shaped that genre and general views about espionage: They publicized the secret services.3",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P79IWQ53,1995-01-01,John Ferris,,Diplomatic History,2023-12-26T16:43:31Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1111/j.1467-7709.1995.tb00578.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2048981570,42.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2048981570,2013.0,2025.0,1995.0,,18.0 7008,"After the RMA: Contemporary Intelligence, Power and War",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315613284-10/rma-contemporary-intelligence-power-war-john-ferris,"Intelligence is not just espionage. It is the collection, collation and analysis of information so to help one use resources well in competitions with rivals. Intelligence is not a form of power, but a guide to its use. Intelligence is not collected for its own sake, but to support action. It does not win wars, but it can help generals to do so, by serving as a force multiplier, or by letting one know one’s options and choose a good one. It has offered advantages to States for millennia, though not consistently—here essential to events, there irrelevant. Most States have received some intelligence sometimes, but not always from permanent and specialized agencies, and they have not always assessed it through bureaucracies. Until 1860, staffs were a secretariat, while commanders handled even minor functions of command. They organized the collection of their own intelligence, working through ad hoc means and a few aides; so did prime ministers and kings. This approach had advantages. Decision-makers could direct their intelligence and receive exactly the information they wanted; despite their lack of technological resources, the best personalized systems matched any bureaucratized ones of the twentieth century. Most pre-modern systems, however, were worse than mediocre modern ones, because intelligence was not thoroughly collected and assessed. By 1914, bureaucracy and technology enabled a revolution in intelligence, which rose sharply in significance and, along with other factors, transformed the nature of power and the working of war. Some see another such revolution in military intelligence occurring today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6LSHHPZX,2010,John Ferris,Routledge,,2023-12-26T16:41:04Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,The Ashgate Research Companion to Modern Warfare,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7009,44. A Secret US Intelligence Organization: Mysteries of the Pond with Dr. Mark Stout,Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/6eLGuGHSwnVdUMt6MgJwrj,"Listen to this episode from SPYCRAFT 101 on Spotify. This week, Justin sits down with author, professor, historian and former intelligence analyst for the state department and the CIA, Dr. Mark Stout. Today, Mark shares his research on a mysterious early US intelligence entity known as the Pond. The Pond was a secret organization operating between 1942 and 1955, though its existence wasn't formally acknowledged by the US government until 2001. Headed by John V. Grombach, the Pond's unique espionage style was markedly different from the OSS and the CIA, though the quality of its intel has been brought to question. In the end, Grombach was his own worst enemy as his stark world view led to personality clashes with the CIA, ultimately playing a major role in the end of the Pond.Connect with Mark:spymuseum.orgTwitter: @WWIPhDCheck some of Mark's articles on War on the Rocks, here.https://warontherocks.com/author/mark-stout/Connect with Spycraft 101:Check out Justin's latest release, Covert Arms, here.spycraft101.comIG: @spycraft101Shop: spycraft-101.myshopify.comPatreon: Spycraft 101Find Justin's first book, Spyshots: Volume One, here.Download the free eBook, The Clandestine Operative's Sidearm of Choice, here.Support the show",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LL9Y2STQ,2022-05-02T04:00:00Z,,,,2023-12-26T14:38:00Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7010,Smart for Whom? Africa’s Smart Cities and Digital Authoritarianism,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2284629,"The predicament of digital authoritarianism is particularly grievous for Africa because democratic institutions have been gradually eroded in several countries throughout the region. Illiberal regimes, in particular, exploit digital technologies to undermine such fragile democracies as Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Moreover, surveillance technology is expanding throughout the region as national and local governments seek to increase their capacity to monitor and control their populations—a trend that has been aggravated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This article assesses the risks posed by smart cities to democratic institutions and processes by identifying the main models of smart city development and how they conceive of the state and citizens’ relationship, then assessing how smart cities can potentially foster and consolidate digital authoritarianism, with a particular focus on the technology that a regime can exploit to pursue illiberal goals. I provide cases to illustrate how smart city systems promote digital authoritarianism and conclude by discussing proposals to mitigate the technological risks and promote democratic smart cities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7MXXPN2F,2023-12-18,Luis Da Vinha,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-12-26T11:45:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2284629,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389881189,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389881189,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,,1.0 7011,"Overt Action: congressional oversight, private activism and Afghan Covert Action policy in the Reagan administration",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2287793,"Intelligence scholars routinely portray intelligence oversight as a means of restraining intelligence activities, particularly covert operations. The consensus overlooks situations where oversight can instead channel popular passions. This paper documents how Reagan era activists recruited legislators to the Afghan resistance cause. Their legislative-civic alliance demanded the CIA launch more aggressive operations in Afghanistan, sidelining established oversight committees. The resulting covert action campaign risked Soviet escalation, eliminated plausible deniability, and gave advanced U.S. technology to potential terrorists. This episode highlights how well-organized lobbyists may affect the intelligence agenda and challenges assumptions that wider engagement in oversight will always restrain intelligence agencies’ overreach.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3YUQKAA5,2023-12-22,Diana I. Bolsinger,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-26T10:45:17Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2287793,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390105387,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4390105387,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7012,How the West is starting to win the disinformation war,Blog post,https://wavellroom.com/2022/03/18/disinformation-russia-nato/,The US and the UK have used information to fight disinformation. The unprecedented release of Intelligence allowed 'Prebunking' to happen.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VZ9JRUFL,2022-03-18T06:00:40+00:00,Capt Tom,,,2022-03-20T15:10:07Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7013,Intelligence Cooperation and the War on Terror: Anglo-American Security Relations after 9/11,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Intelligence-Cooperation-and-the-War-on-Terror-Anglo-American-Security/Svendsen/p/book/9780415550406,"This book provides an in-depth analysis of UK-US intelligence cooperation in the post-9/11 world. Seeking to connect an analysis of intelligence liaison with the wider realm of Anglo-American Relations, the book draws on a wide range of interviews and consultations with key actors in both countries. The book is centred around two critical and empirical case studies, focusing on the interactions on the key issues of counterterrorism and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) counter-proliferation. These case studies provide substantive insights into a range of interactions such as 9/11, the 7/7 London bombings, the A.Q. Khan nuclear network, the prelude to the 2003 Iraq War, extraordinary rendition and special forces deployments. Drawing on over 60 interviews conducted in the UK and US with prominent decision-makers and practitioners, these issues are examined in the contemporary historical context, with the main focus being on the years 2000-05. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, foreign policy, security studies and International Relations in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9RDTBVJP,2009,Adam D. M. Svendsen,Routledge,,2021-07-02T14:02:01Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7014,"Bond or Blofeld: war, espionage and secrecy in the twenty-first century",Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/bond-or-blofeld-war-espionage-and-secrecy-in-the-twenty-first-century/,"Intelligence services and their governments once sought to create a clear line between confidential information and common knowledge. Now, with the rise of brazen attacks and increasing PR concerns, these boundaries are blurred.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X9TILCUD,2022-08-16,"Richard J. Aldrich, Christopher Moran",,,2022-12-07T23:16:37Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7015,"World War I and Intelligence in American Memory, with Mark Stout",Podcast,https://open.spotify.com/episode/3DEtbEaAdf53XUZGLyAdys,"Listen to this episode from Chatter on Spotify. World War I was a seminal event for American national security and foreign policy, as the United States deployed nearly two million soldiers and sailors to Europe and engaged in the most intense overseas combat in its history up to that point. Yet the development of modern American intelligence just before and during the war, and even the magnitude of the war itself, have been largely forgotten by the US public.David Priess spoke with historian and former intelligence officer Mark Stout, author of the new book World War I and the Foundations of American Intelligence, about early steps toward peacetime US military intelligence in the 1880s and 1890s, the importance of Arthur Wagner and his late 19th century textbook about information collection, the intelligence impact on and from the Spanish-American War and the Philippine insurgency, how the war in Europe spurred intelligence advances in the mid-1910s, German sabotage in the United States, how General John Pershing and the American Expeditionary Forces used intelligence in combat, the growth of domestic intelligence during the war, the scholarly group gathered by President Woodrow Wilson called ""The Inquiry,"" and why World War I generally fails to resonate with Amercians today.Among the works mentioned in this episode:The book World War I and the Foundations of American Intelligence by Mark StoutThe book Classified: Secrecy and the State in Modern Britain by Christopher MoranThe movie Gone with the Wind (1939)The book Wasteland: The Great War and the Origins of Modern Horror by W. Scott Poole The Chatter podcast episode The JFK Assassination and Conspiracy Culture with Gerald PosnerThe book Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy by John le CarréThe movie Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy (2011)Chatter is a production of Lawfare and Goat Rodeo. This episode was produced and edited by Megan Nadolski and Cara Shillenn of Goat Rodeo. Podcast theme by David Priess, featuring music created using Groovepad. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9ITIGQV3,2023-12-07T08:00:00Z,Mark Stout,,,2023-12-07T16:30:08Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7016,Whitehall and the Iraq War: The UK's Four Intelligence Enquiries,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/30001936,"The UK intelligence community has recently undergone a 'season of enquiry' relating to the Iraq War and the 'War on Terrorism'. This essay discusses each of the four enquiries in turn and argues that while the debate has been intense, much has been missed. The enquiries have largely focused on specific administrative issues, while the media have focused on blame-casting. Although the enquiries have been useful in underlining the extent of genuine 'intelligence failure', wider reflections about the nature and direction of UK intelligence have been conspicuously absent. None of the enquiries has dealt with the difficult issue of how intelligence analysis might interface with modern styles of policy-making. More broadly, it is argued that there is a growing mismatch between what intelligence can reasonably achieve and the improbable expectations of politicians and policy-makers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4IK67XR3,2005,Richard J. Aldrich,Royal Irish Academy,Irish Studies in International Affairs,2023-12-23T23:46:02Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7017,Urinal or conduit? Institutional information flow between the UK intelligence services and the news media,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884912472139,"Since the 1990s, the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) and the Security Service (MI5) have developed formal links with most major UK news organisations in an effort to improve the agencies’ media presentation. This article discusses the impact and inherent problems of these relationships, including whether the news media can have official, formal but non-attributable links with these agencies without compromising their role as the fourth estate. Utilising epistemologies for crime reporting and news sources, this article proposes an initial framework to analyse these institutional relationships. It also takes as a case study the controversy over whether MI5 deliberately played down their prior knowledge of 7/7 suicide bomber Mohammed Sidique Khan. The author was one of the journalists briefed by MI5 on Khan and has here taken the Khan controversy as a case study to investigate the Security Service’s information flow and whether the agency misled, and indeed intended to mislead, the media and the public.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRLNGNUQ,2013-11-01,Paul Lashmar,SAGE Publications,Journalism,2023-12-23T23:37:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1177/1464884912472139,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2139937804,18.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2139937804,2014.0,2025.0,2013.0,http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/8596/2/Fulltext.pdf,1.0 7018,‘Standing on the shoulders of giants’: diversity and scholarship in Intelligence Studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2016.1185323,This study takes stock of the field of Intelligence Studies thanks to a quantitative review of all the articles published in the two main journals in the field: Intelligence and National Security and the International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence. Particular attention is paid to the diversity of the authors publishing in these two journals and the evolution of the issues they discuss. Publications in the field are widely authored by males based in the United States and the United Kingdom who write about Western intelligence and security organizations. Recent years have seen a slight diversification in the field but further efforts will be necessary to develop a more eclectic body of researchers and research on intelligence and national security.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WVPNUEIS,2016-11-09,"Damien Van Puyvelde, Sean Curtis",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-23T23:36:16Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'H28QZ8XV', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2016.1185323,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2402592697,33.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2402592697,2018.0,2026.0,2016.0,,2.0 7019,The Pinprick Approach: Whitehall’s Top-Secret Anti-Communist Committee and the Evolution of British Covert Action Strategy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/JCWS_a_00469,"This article examines Great Britain’s approach to covert action during the formative years of British Cold War intelligence operations, 1950–1951. Rather than shy away from such activity in the wake of the failure in Albania in the late 1940s, the British increased the number of operations they pursued. This was the start of a coherent strategy regarding covert activity that can be conceptualized as the “pinprick” approach. The strategy was overseen by a highly secretive Whitehall body, the Official Committee on Communism, which in effect became the government’s covert action committee. This article uses the commission’s recently declassified papers for the first time to assess the merits of this approach.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GXXQQHZE,2014-07-01,Rory Cormac,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2023-12-23T23:32:46Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1162/JCWS_a_00469,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042614182,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042614182,2016.0,2023.0,2014.0,https://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-pdf/16/3/5/698477/jcws_a_00469.pdf,2.0 7020,Secret Knowledge of Genocide: British Failure to Disclose the Killing of Jews in 1941,Journal article,https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/3666,"In the late summer and early autumn of 1941, the British military intercepted coded German radio messages that revealed that German troops were killing large numbers of Jewish civilians in German-occupied parts of the Soviet Union. The British did not make this knowledge public at that time, nor did they use their still classified records during the war crimes trials after the end of World War II. Commentators more expert than I have addressed themselves to the question of whether the British had a legal obligation to disclose the information from the coded messages. These remarks concentrate on the possible moral responsibility of the British government, and they briefly address the responsibilities of modern governments whose intelligence services discover genocide.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/32FJC6D4,1998-01-01,Kent Greenawalt,,Cardozo L. Rev.,2023-12-23T23:25:50Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7021,The intelligence battle in the Gulf of Guinea: Espionage and counter-espionage operations in Spanish Guinea,Journal article,https://www.ajol.info/index.php/smsajms/article/view/239416,"The study, on which this article is based, focused on the redistribution of geopolitical maps that took place in sub-Saharan Africa after the advent of the Third Reich, which resulted in the institutionalisation of the practice of intelligence in the Gulf of Guinea. This historical plot testifies to the clash between the colonial branches of the British,German and United States intelligence services through clandestine operations in the Spanish Guinean colony. Addressing the issue of the perception of Spanish Guinea by the intelligence services of the various belligerent European powers, this article highlights the factors behind the apprehension of sub-Saharan Africa as a theatre of operations in the Second World War. The archival sources and the bibliographic data analysed from the perspective of Intelligence Studies, revealed the consideration of the colony of Spanish Guinea as a target of paramount importance by the German, French, British and American units in charge of the underground war, an offensive strategy, which inaugurated a new paradigm from military and security view points for Cameroon under the League of Nations trusteeship.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6HK7TU42,2023-01-04,Saliou Abba,,Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies,2023-12-23T23:17:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7022,Spying Gender: Women in British Intelligence 1969-1994,Thesis,https://research.aber.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/spying-gender,"While women have long been a part of the intelligence world, their roles in shaping contemporary intelligence organisation and practices have often been minimised, overlooked, or altogether erased. When their work is acknowledged, it is often through archetypical depictions of femme fatales or ingénues. As a result, the history of women in contemporary intelligence is piecemeal, and with few exceptions, women’s voices and experiences are missing from intelligence histories. This thesis explores the history of women in modern intelligence, centred on the British Security Service, MI5, from 1969 to 1994, a time period which contained many of the most significant changes for women in the organisation. This thesis addresses how structural and societal factors, in combination with organisational policies, practices, and cultures shaped women’s experiences in modern intelligence employment. Sources include autobiographical writing and public speaking events such as lectures, panel discussions, television and radio broadcasts. This analysis demonstrates the importance of women’s employment to studies of intelligence history and organisation and explores the interconnectedness of larger structural factors within women’s everyday lives and employment. Incorporating an interdisciplinary approach to women’s and gender history, this thesis draws from intersectional feminist theory, research on women’s employment and labour market participation, organisational and business management studies, and critical intelligence studies. This thesis argues that women’s narratives exist at a nexus of macro, meso and micro level forces and that these experiences are uniquely positioned to highlight how contemporary intelligence organisations have been shaped by women employees. In an ongoing fight for equality of opportunity, women have challenged and changed policies and practices which hindered their progression, including the gender coding of certain job roles. Foregrounding women’s experiences in intelligence work allows us to discern these changes in ways that are not as visible if we only consider the experiences of men.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QJV6HCKW,2019,Jessica Shahan,,,2023-12-23T23:10:12Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,PhD Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 7023,"‘Constituting a Problem in Themselves’: Countering Covert Chinese Activity in India: The Life and Death of the Chinese Intelligence Section, 1944–46",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2016.1227029,"This article explores the actions taken to address the issue of covert Chinese activities in India during the Second World War identified by Force 136, the Far East incarnation of the Special Operations Executive (SOE), which resulted in the creation of the Chinese Intelligence Section (CIS) in early 1945. It considers this development within the wider context of security intelligence in relation to British India, which has been the subject of increased academic study in recent years as a result of the increased availability of relevant archival material. The need for CIS to be established draws attention to the parameters within which the various intelligence and security agencies operated, their attention focused primarily upon clearly identifiable threats to British rule, particularly nationalism and communism. The issue of covert Chinese activity in India did not fit easily within this framework; the manner in which SOE’s concerns were ultimately addressed illustrates how the prevailing colonial security mindset shaped the conceptual horizons of security intelligence activity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MESM29EX,2016-11-01,Christopher J. Murphy,Routledge,The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,2023-12-23T23:05:45Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/03086534.2016.1227029,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2520892091,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2520892091,2017.0,2024.0,2016.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/39400/3/USIR%2520JICH%2520submission%2520revised%5B1%5D.pdf,1.0 7024,"Mussolini's War of Words: Italian Propaganda and Subversion in Egypt and Palestine, 1934-1939",Journal article,http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/index.php/eunomia/article/view/12735,"This article examines Italy’s attempts to export the Fascist revolution to areas formally and informally controlled by Britain. The challenge mounted by the Italian government to the British imperial structure rested upon the development of preferential relations with nationalist movements throughout the empire; such relationship would be forged by propaganda in a region, the southern and eastern shores of the Mediterranean, which was central to Mussolini’s foreign policy. The promotion of Fascist ideology among the Middle Eastern populations, and in particular in Egypt and Palestine, was driven by political priorities rather than ideological imperatives insofar as propaganda was carefully employed to expand the economic and military capacity of Fascist Italy. Thus propaganda became as early as the 1920s an instrument of foreign policy. This article also questions the effectiveness of Britain’s response to the Fascist challenge: here structural problems within the British propaganda machine and intelligence community seriously undermined Britain’s defence against Axis subversion in the Middle East.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WZW5EDUB,2013-02-21,Manuela Williams,,Eunomia. Rivista di Studi su Pace e Diritti Umani,2023-12-23T23:04:12Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1285/i22808949a1n2p49,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1602232185,0.0,True,,,,2012.0,https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/44520/1/MussolinisWarOfWordsWilliamsM.pdf, 7025,"Communication: “What Now for Britain?”The State Department's Intelligence Assessment of the “Special Relationship,” 7 February 1968",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592290802096414,"The period 1967–1968 was a difficult one for the Anglo–American relationship, as a result of developments such as British defense cuts “East of Suez.” In the run-up to a visit to Washington by Prime Minister Harold Wilson in February 1968, the State Department's Intelligence and Research Bureau provided a lively and detailed evaluation of American bonds with Britain. The analysis maintained that the relationship was based on deeply established cooperation in defense, diplomacy and intelligence, and that despite recent problems Britain would remain of unparalleled importance as an American ally. The immediate impact of the memorandum in the White House of Lyndon B. Johnson was quite limited, but among other things the document helps to explain the ready blossoming of close high-level Anglo–American bonds during, for example, the Falklands War of 1982. The most important sections of the memorandum are reproduced, and a brief analysis is provided to put the issues in context.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WBB5EW8S,2008-06-13,Jonathan Colman,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2023-12-23T23:02:33Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/09592290802096414,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2057277827,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2057277827,2018.0,2020.0,2008.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/1712/1/What_Now_for_Britain.pdf,10.0 7026,"GERMAN ESPIONAGE AND BRITISH COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA AND MOZAMBIQUE, 1939–1944",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/german-espionage-and-british-counterintelligence-in-south-africa-and-mozambique-19391944/29BE55C29FA77C20E660A47F1B68859A,"For most of the Second World War, German and Italian agents were actively engaged in a variety of intelligence gathering exercises in southern Africa. The hub of this activity was Lourenço Marques, the colonial capital of Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique). One of the key tasks of Axis agents was to make links with Nazi sympathizers and the radical right in South Africa, promote dissent, and destabilize the imperial war effort in the dominion. Using British, American, and South African archival sources, this article outlines German espionage activities and British counter-intelligence operations orchestrated by MI5, MI6, and the Special Operations Executive between 1939 and 1944. The article, which is part of a larger study, examines three broad themes. First, it explores Pretoria's creation of a humble military intelligence apparatus in wartime South Africa. Secondly, it examines the establishment of several British liaison and intelligence-gathering agencies that operated in southern Africa for most of the war. Finally, it assesses the working relationship between the South African and British agencies, the tensions that arose, and the competing interests that emerged between the two allies as they sought to contain the Axis-inspired threat from within.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4S3IYPTW,2005-03-21,Kent Fedorowich,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2023-12-23T22:59:33Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1017/S0018246X04004273,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2144974109,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2144974109,2012.0,2022.0,2005.0,,7.0 7027,"Intelligence and Controversial British Interrogation Techniques: the Northern Ireland Case, 1971–2",Journal article,https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/423/article/810318,"This paper focuses on the controversial British interrogation techniques known as the 'five techniques', which were used as aids to interrogation in Northern Ireland in the autumn of 1971. Its central argument is that despite the widespread backlash against the use of the 'five techniques' in Northern Ireland, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in Britain continued to support their use because of their benefits to intelligence-gathering. By examining the written histories of the 'five techniques' commissioned by the MoD and the course of MoD-led debates on the purposes of the techniques, we can gain an insight into official attitudes towards past and future uses of the techniques. Bolstered by evidence on the quantity and quality of the intelligence these techniques produced in the Northern Ireland case, this study contributes to debates on the relationship between intelligence-gathering and interrogation methods that can be described as ill-treatment or torture.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6EZTFXLW,2009-11-01,Samantha Newbery,Royal Irish Academy,Irish Studies in International Affairs,2023-12-23T22:58:17Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7028,"Reaping the Rewards of Co-Operation. Franco-British Intelligence Sharing during the Gas War, 1915-1918",Journal article,http://www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/wjssr/article/view/1215,"Based on British and French archive material, this paper seeks to contribute to the limited “coalition warfare historiography” by exploring a neglected but revealing aspect of Franco-British chemical warfare between 1915-1918: Intelligence sharing. A contextual overview of the two allied intelligence services prior to and following the outbreak of war highlights their complementary strength and global reach. The tactical and strategic significance of French and British intelligence failures at the time of the first German poison gas attacks in April 1915 is examined and contrasted with subsequent allied experience. The discussion focuses upon the two most productive sources of allied intelligence information, mainly reports from secret agents and enemy prisoner of war interview digests. The volume, quality and detail of this material, and its importance to the Franco-British gas war effort are underlined. The article demonstrates how closely and effectively the two allies co-operated by exploiting their shared intelligence data to successfully anticipate German initiatives and to mitigate the searching battlefield challenge posed by an enemy whose technological superiority and resource advantages were evident especially during the earlier periods of the gas war on the Western Front.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IDXSDDLR,2018-01-17,Hanene Zoghlami,,World Journal of Social Science Research,2023-12-23T22:55:49Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.22158/wjssr.v5n1p1,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2782959406,0.0,True,,,,2018.0,http://www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/wjssr/article/download/1215/1365, 7029,Intelligence within BAOR and NATO's Northern Army Group,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390701785443,"During the Cold War the UK's principal military role was its commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) through the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR), together with wartime command of NATO's Northern Army Group. The possibility of a surprise attack by the numerically superior Warsaw Pact forces ensured that great importance was attached to intelligence, warning and rapid mobilisation. As yet we know very little about the intelligence dimension of BAOR and its interface with NATO allies. This article attempts to address these neglected issues, ending with the impact of the 1973 Yom Kippur War upon NATO thinking about warning and surprise in the mid-1970s. It concludes that the arrangements made by Whitehall for support to BAOR from national assets during crisis or transition to war were – at best – improbable. Accordingly, over the years, BAOR developed its own unique assets in the realm of both intelligence collection and special operations in order to prepare for the possible outbreak of conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ALGRR9XS,2008-02-01,Richard J. Aldrich,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2023-12-23T22:49:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/01402390701785443,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2125871434,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2125871434,2014.0,2021.0,2008.0,,6.0 7030,Treason at Quebec: British Espionage in Canada during the Winter of 1759,Journal article,https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh/vol2/iss1/4,"In the spring of 1760, the British garrison at Québec, commanded by James Murray, found itself the target of a French army intent upon the recapture of the colonial capital. Led by the exceptionally able François de Levis, the French hoped to surprise Murray’s outnumbered and isolated army, but even as the French embarked at Montreal on 20 May, Murray was writing that he had “received certain intelligence” of French preparations and had taken appropriate precautions. Much of this foreknowledge came from British spies working behind the French lines. Although prior to September 1759 the British had not possessed a single operative in Canada, Québec, now in British hands, became the base for a modest espionage organization which proved capable of scattering informants throughout the towns and countryside of New France and recruiting at least one agent in the confidence of the very highest officials of the colonial administration.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XWFSF7DM,2012-01-20,Peter MacLeod,,Canadian Military History,2023-12-23T22:48:39Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7031,"Facing the Dictators: Anthony Eden, the Foreign Office and British Intelligence, 1935–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2019.1650092,"This article uses the inter-war and wartime career of Anthony Eden, as a vehicle to understand the little understood relationship between secret intelligence, British Foreign Secretaries and the Foreign Office. While secret intelligence is no longer the ‘missing dimension’, it once was in studies of diplomatic and political history, its use by British Foreign Secretaries remains a neglected subject. The article also sheds important new light on the Foreign Office’s wartime use of intelligence, especially diplomatic signals intelligence (SIGINT), a subject often overshadowed by the use of military SIGINT from Bletchley Park, showing the close relationship between intelligence officials and British diplomats in guiding British foreign policy. As Foreign Secretary in the 1930s and 1940s, Eden showed himself to be a skilful reader of intelligence reports, using this information as he went about crafting Britain’s policy towards the increasingly bellicose powers of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and Imperial Japan.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/46XRSZUB,2020-07-03,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Routledge,The International History Review,2023-12-23T22:47:33Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/07075332.2019.1650092,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2968685949,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2968685949,2021.0,2025.0,2019.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07075332.2019.1650092?needAccess=true,2.0 7032,Imagery in the UK: Britain's troubled imagery intelligence architecture,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-international-studies/article/abs/imagery-in-the-uk-britains-troubled-imagery-intelligence-architecture/FF522197A6FA55DA45C4DBE65500BF7B,"This article examines the status, role and development of imagery intelligence in the UK government. It is argued that imagery intelligence occupies a subordinate and marginalised position compared to other forms of intelligence, chiefly from human sources and the interception of communications. The origins of that position are recounted, and the problems arising from internal struggles over control of imagery examined. It is concluded that the existing approach to imagery represents a serious problem and that a substantial restructuring and upgrading of imagery intelligence is essential if UK foreign policy decision-making is to be properly informed in the 21st Century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F4E7QPMZ,2009-10-28,Philip H. J. Davies,Cambridge University Press,Review of International Studies,2023-12-23T22:43:56Z,['PBHFUE8W'],10.1017/S0260210509990386,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2155063177,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2155063177,2012.0,2023.0,2009.0,,3.0 7033,The oversight of the UK Intelligence and Security Services in relation to their alleged complicity in Extraordinary Rendition.,Thesis,http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5926/,"Allegations that the UK Secret Intelligence Service and Security Service were complicit in extraordinary rendition in the “War on Terror” raise concerns about the effectiveness of the existing UK intelligence oversight framework. This thesis analyses the response of oversight institutions to the allegations, and considers their ability to provide meaningful intelligence oversight, both individually and holistically. It considers an oversight framework based on the separation of powers, in which the state institutions have complementary roles. This thesis argues that the existing legislative oversight framework is outdated and that although due weight should be afforded to national security concerns, the current balance lies too far in favour of the executive. Both the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) and judiciary require greater powers to provide meaningful oversight. There is also an increasing role for civil society and transnational organisations, especially given the difficulties international intelligence cooperation poses for domestic intelligence oversight. The thesis considers: (1) the legislative oversight framework and law relating to extraordinary rendition; (2) the global intelligence landscape in which the UK intelligence and security agencies operate, and effect of increasing international intelligence cooperation; (3) executive oversight and the relationship between the executive and the UK agencies; (4) the structure and powers of the ISC, and its reports concerning extraordinary rendition; (5) the role of the judiciary within intelligence oversight, and judgments made in the context of extraordinary rendition; (6) the increasing role for non-traditional actors, including Non-Governmental and Transnational Organisations and the Press.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CN5YWD3C,2012,Alice McDonald,,,2023-12-23T22:38:15Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Master's Thesis,Durham University,,,,,,,,, 7034,Landscapes of intelligence in the Third Reich: visualising Abwehr operations during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1801018,"The German military-intelligence service (the Abwehr) was a macrospatial organisation whose clandestine operational activities were significantly affected by such factors as place and space. As the Second World War progressed, the Abwehr’s covert spaces expanded and contracted dynamically, producing some challenging operational environments. The service responded in various ways to a changing landscape engendered by military occupation, overseas deployment, geographical distance, enemy activity, and imminent defeat. In response to the recent spatial turn in the theory and methodology of other disciplines, intelligence historians should now consider incorporating geospatial viewpoints more often into their textual accounts and perhaps even publishing dynamic online visualisations with the aid of historical geographic information systems (HGIS).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P4LP87Q2,2020-09-12,"Claire Hubbard-Hall, Adrian O’Sullivan",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:35:18Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1801018,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3003959244,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3003959244,2022.0,2022.0,2020.0,,2.0 7035,The Battle of Malaya: The Japanese Invasion of Malaya as a Case Study for the Re-Evaluation of Imperial Japanese Army Intelligence Effectiveness During World War II,Thesis,https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1931,"The present assessment of Japanese intelligence operations during World War II is based almost entirely upon the work of Western researchers. The view presented is one of complete incompetence by the West. Little attention has been paid to any successes the Japanese intelligence organizations achieved. In fact, the majority of Anglo-American historians have instead focused on the errors and unpreparedness of the Allies as the cause of their early failures. This view is completely dismissive of Japanese intelligence efforts. The majority of the research does not take into account the extensive preparations and training the Japanese intelligence organizations and military undertook in the lead up to World War II. This information calls into question the assertion that Allied failures were the primary provenance of the early Japanese successes. This study focuses on the Japanese intelligence efforts from 1930 to 1942. It will analyze the events leading up to and the Invasion of Malaya. This was a pivotal event at the opening of World War II, and was a decisive Japanese victory. Previously, the success of Japanese forces during this, and other, event has been credited to failures in Allied intelligence and preparedness. Western sources at large have claimed that Japanese intelligence as a whole was faulty. This project will argue that in fact Japanese intelligence units were highly skilled and contributed greatly to Japanese successes. It was as a result of severe organizational deficiencies and failures that appeared in the latter half of the war that Japan eventually would fall behind in the intelligence war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CBJHFF6N,2018-01-01,Daniel Lauro,,,2023-12-23T22:30:07Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Master's Thesis,Wright State University,,,,,,,,, 7036,First Steps: Intelligence Analysis in Canada during the Second World War,Journal article,https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh/vol29/iss1/1,"At the outset of the Second World War decision-makers in Ottawa were entirely dependent on the United Kingdom for finished intelligence on foreign military and political developments. During six years of war the intelligence work carried out in Canada expanded in several areas, and included a growing capacity to carry out intelligence analysis in several fields. An analytic group was established to exploit the mass of detailed information collected by the postal censorship programme. The Department of External Affairs created a small unit that drew on signals intercepts and other sources to assess political issues for senior officials. In the Department of National Defence, the newly-created Joint Intelligence Committee took the first steps in producing strategic intelligence assessments from a Canadian perspective. These developments were all heavily influenced by Canada’s close intelligence relations with the UK and US. A major impediment to the development of an independent analytic capacity, however, was the lack of demand for Canadian-origin intelligence assessments from senior political and military leaders in Ottawa, who continued to look to allies for intelligence to inform national-level decisions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DMGGFI5K,2020-04-16,Alan Barnes,,Canadian Military History,2023-12-23T22:28:07Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7037,"Intelligence Services, an Integral Part of States in Transition",Journal article,https://economicsandlaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/vol13.-no39-1.pdf#page=141,"This article contains several reflections on the intelligence service as a system in itself, but also as an inseparable part of the state and a factor of its statehood. In the processing of this work, domestic experiences were treated, as well as opportunities in neighboring countries and beyond. Treating “service” as a part of the political system and especially studying it in a scientific sense is relatively recent. In the past (France - Fouchet; Soviet Union - Beria et al. ed.) the “service” was not only mystified, but often slandered, and not infrequently there was political reckoning with the heads of certain intelligence services. The basis for such a scientific and qualified approach to the “services” and analyzing their work, but also leaving it for “public inspection”, as far as possible, was made possible by the current resources of the political organization of each state in particular, as well as the legal and social regulations within each States. After the collapse of the “Warsaw Pact” in Yugoslavia, more precisely in the states created by its dissolution, the name of the service SDB, RDB - no longer made sense, that is, it carried with it a series of hidden digressions and even dangers. In order to prevent this from happening and to explain primitive and malicious remarks, the services were given professional and neutral names and one could always say: “We are a service of the state.” Here is the information for you as external users, so do what you want with them”! Towards the end of the twentieth century, as a result of radical geostrategic changes, which implied many transformations of security systems throughout the planet Earth, there was also a “repackaging” of the meaning of the term security. Essentially, important changes related to the security sector are happening in several directions - on the global level, in the countries of the region/surroundings and in the areas of our former state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4HVQF9DN,2023-12-01,Jovo Vuckovic,,International Journal of Economics and Law,2023-12-23T21:24:44Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7038,Trump’s Stated Goals for the U.S. Intelligence Community: Assessing the Impact,Blog post,https://www.justsecurity.org/90714/trumps-stated-goals-for-the-u-s-intelligence-community-assessing-the-impact/,Former CIA and FBI officials assess the impact on national security in former President Trump's stated plans for the intelligence community.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GH5D2N5W,2023-12-18,"Asha Rangappa, Marc Polymeropoulos",,,2023-12-23T21:10:52Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7039,Intelligence liaison in practice; service attachés in the Swedish Legation in London 1939-45,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2023.2295655,"During the Second World War, Britain was regarded by neutral Sweden as an important source of intelligence. Swedish service attachés were posted to London to use their diplomatic and service status to collect and report relevant intelligence to Swedish High Command in Stockholm for assessment and circulation. Their collection techniques in Britain meet Wilhelm Agrell’s definition of intelligence liaison and this paper describes how they were able to deliver significant results under difficult conditions. At times, they had to contend with a hostile and restrictive host country, communication difficulties (in every sense) with Stockholm and unappreciative diplomats and senior officers. Their efforts have gone largely un-noticed in Swedish Second World War historiography, and readers may be surprised to learn of the results that they achieved and the difficulties that they faced.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GPK2ZEND,2023-12-20,John Gilmour,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2023-12-23T21:12:22Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2023.2295655,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4390024896,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2023.2295655, 7040,US intelligence analysis warns Hamas’ influence has grown since its attack on Israel,Newspaper article,https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/21/politics/us-intelligence-analysis-hamas-influence/index.html,A flurry of new analysis by US intelligence agencies has warned that Hamas’ credibility and influence has grown dramatically in the two months since the October 7 terror attack and the onset of Israel’s military response in the Middle East and beyond.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GBAFBLII,2023-12-21T10:00:25.255Z,Katie Bo Lillis,,CNN,2023-12-23T20:27:36Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7041,What should we do when the terrorists go quiet?,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/what-should-we-do-when-the-terrorists-go-quiet/,"Western governments must wake up to the uncomfortable reality that when terrorists go quiet, they might be planning something big.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GQUGT95K,2021-05-20T11:11:07+00:00,Suzanne Raine,,,2021-11-08T09:37:37Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7042,How Israel lost sight of its enemies,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/how-israel-lost-sight-of-its-enemies/,"Despite building institutionalised dissent into its intelligence systems, the country was still caught out by terrorists.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2HMTXZIY,2023-10-08,Suzanne Raine,,,2023-10-10T22:47:03Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7043,The CIA: Controlling The Quiet Option,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.2307/1148417,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CDVKZ3XG,1980,Loch Johnson,"National Affairs, inc",Foreign Policy,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['B6RJNLTK'],https://doi.org/10.2307/1148417,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2798148687,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2798148687,,,1980.0,, 7044,Evaluating the National Cyber Force’s ‘Responsible Cyber Power in Practice’,Blog post,https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/evaluating-national-cyber-forces-responsible-cyber-power-practice,"Six experts react to the National Cyber Force’s new document, which outlines the UK’s approach to cyber operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SUA5MMAJ,2023-04-17,"Tim Stevens, Rory Cormac, Erica D. Lonergan, Dan Lomas, Pia Hüsch, Joe Devanny",,,2023-04-21T10:31:45Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7045,Best Truth: Intelligence in the Information Age,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/book/9780300093971/best-truth/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ILFQXHRL,2000-02-09,"Bruce D. Berkowitz, Allan E. Goodman",Yale University Press,,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7046,The Joint Intelligence Committee: Reading the Russian mindset,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/the-joint-intelligence-committee-reading-the-russian-mindset/,"During the Cold War, the British Joint Intelligence Committee was charged with forecasting the actions of states behind the Iron Curtain and the rest of the world. Its record was patchy - the Brits were repeatedly taken by surprise throughout the 20th century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G73QRGED,2021-10-29T16:47:38+00:00,Michael S. Goodman,,,2021-11-02T08:11:43Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7047,Israeli intelligence ‘dismissed’ detailed warning of Hamas raid,Newspaper article,https://www.ft.com/content/277573ae-fbbc-4396-8faf-64b73ab8ed0a,"Report sent to senior officer weeks before October 7 attack was ignored, say people familiar with matter",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AX3HLBID,2023-11-23T23:26:30.480Z,Mehul Srivastava,,Financial Times,2023-11-26T22:05:28Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7048,The End of Human Intelligence Analysis—Better Start Preparing,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Studies67-4-Extracts-Dec-2023.pdf,"As a follow-on thought experiment, it might be useful to look beyond the future Gartin visualizes to a more distant and very different future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/27NHHTVC,2023-12-01,John F. Galascione,,Studies in Intelligence,2023-12-22T11:28:52Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7049,Instituting Devil’s Advocacy in IC Analysis after the Arab-Israeli War of October 1973,Journal article,https://www.cia.gov/static/Studies67-4-Extracts-Dec-2023.pdf,"This article explores efforts to institutionalize the role of devil’s advocacy in the IC during the mid-1970s. It fills an important gap in the literature surround ing the development of alternative analysis and structured analytic techniques (SATs) within the IC.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YLEJA7LR,2023-12-01,James D. Marchio,,Studies in Intelligence,2023-12-22T11:25:27Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7050,What constitutes successful covert action? Evaluating unacknowledged interventionism in foreign affairs,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/review-of-international-studies/article/abs/what-constitutes-successful-covert-action-evaluating-unacknowledged-interventionism-in-foreign-affairs/96615329CBFA35271CD04AE12FBFEEA0#.YKwOiQZ2uIA.twitter,"Covert action has long been a controversial tool of international relations. However, there is remarkably little public understanding about whether it works and, more fundamentally, about what constitutes success in this shadowy arena of state activity. This article distills competing criteria of success and examines how covert actions become perceived as successes. We develop a conceptual model of covert action success as a social construct and illustrate it through the case of ‘the golden age of CIA operations’. The socially constructed nature of success has important implications not just for evaluating covert actions but also for using, and defending against, them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GMBBCKF7,2021-05-24,"Rory Cormac, Calder Walton, Damien Van Puyvelde",,Review of International Studies,2021-05-25T20:58:36Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1017/S0260210521000231,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3164089574,21.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3164089574,2021.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/96615329CBFA35271CD04AE12FBFEEA0/S0260210521000231a.pdf/div-class-title-what-constitutes-successful-covert-action-evaluating-unacknowledged-interventionism-in-foreign-affairs-div.pdf,0.0 7051,MI6 security alert at Russian-owned flat that overlooks Britain's spy HQ,Newspaper article,https://inews.co.uk/news/mi6-security-alert-russian-flat-spy-hq-2815447,i investigation reveals Russian owners of property also have registered address 300 metres from Moscow Novichok factory,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/89UZWBLH,2023-12-19T17:07:43+00:00,Richard Holmes,,inews.co.uk,2023-12-21T10:54:32Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7052,Western intelligence cooperation on Vietnam during the early Cold War era,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2016.1145853,"In the aftermath of the 1954 Geneva Conference, Canada, the UK, the US and other Western allies cooperated in gathering and sharing of human intelligence on and in North Vietnam. The British and Canadian foreign ministries played a key role in these efforts. Focusing mainly on the activities of these two countries, we explore the Vietnam intelligence program and discuss some of its implications on a broader Western, multilateral Humint cooperation. While the focus of this article is on efforts in Indochina in the mid-1950s, the pattern of intelligence cooperation described here continued into early and mid-1960s. Western intelligence liaison is not limited to the Vietnam case, as reflected in the intelligence activities of Western allies in Cuba (the 1960s–1970s), Tehran (1978–1980), Bosnia (the 1990s) and elsewhere.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XN8ICPP7,2016-07-02,"Miriam Matejova, Don Munton",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:27:38Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.1080/16161262.2016.1145853,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2324161551,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2324161551,2017.0,2025.0,2016.0,,1.0 7053,Why intelligence fails: lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War,Book,https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801478062/why-intelligence-fails/#bookTabs=1,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IYBKM4YR,2010,"Robert Jervis, ProQuest",Cornell University Press,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7054,Experimental Research in Reducing the Risk of Cognitive Bias in Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1690329,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9HFA5GGR,"April 2, 2020",Martha Whitesmith,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T15:25:16Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1690329,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3000173144,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3000173144,2020.0,2025.0,2020.0,,0.0 7055,The efficacy of ACH in mitigating serial position effects and confirmation bias in an intelligence analysis scenario,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2018.1534640,"An experimental study was conducted to test whether the version of the structured analytical method Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) taught by the Cabinet Office to the United Kingdom’s intelligence community provides effective mitigation of the cognitive biases of serial position effects and confirmation bias in an intelligence analysis. ACH had no statistically significant mitigative impact on the proportion of participants that exhibited serial position effects or confirmation bias, or the impact of confirmation bias on the analytical process. The most significant factor that influenced participants’ judgements of the credibility of information was the possibility of deception or dishonesty.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QRYNZMDW,2019-02-23,Martha Whitesmith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-15T11:33:22Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2018.1534640,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2898268773,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2898268773,2019.0,2026.0,2018.0,,1.0 7056,Why Israel's intelligence chiefs failed to listen to October 7 warnings – and the lessons to be learned,Newspaper article,http://theconversation.com/why-israels-intelligence-chiefs-failed-to-listen-to-october-7-warnings-and-the-lessons-to-be-learned-219346,Israel’s intelligence services had collected and dismissed some detailed evidence about a possible Hamas attack.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/32EK8Z57,2023-12-07,Robert M. Dover,,The Conversation,2023-12-15T08:27:34Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7057,"“So That No Citizen Is Punished Unreasonably”: The KGB Concept of Profilaktika as a Tool for Suppressing Soviet Society, 1954–1991",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2280430,"Since the mid-1950s, the Soviet Committee for State Security (KGB) developed the concept of profilaktika, aimed to ideologically discipline the masses and prevent them from aligning with the “malicious West” through “gentle,” supposedly nonantagonizing modes of coercion. Based on newly discovered Soviet primary sources, this article describes the intellectual and organizational efforts of the KGB Moscow headquarters to breathe life into this society-designing tool, as well as the actual inability to implement it successfully, demonstrated by the organization’s field structures. It is argued that, faced with growing popular unrest triggered by the deepening crisis of the entire Soviet system, these structures imitated the fruitful use of profilaktika’s “soft” methods, in fact widely practicing, without reporting, classic brutal suppression. The article discusses the possible relevance of this phenomenon in Putin’s Russia and other nondemocratic countries and suggests its further academic investigation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FBXE9H3H,2023-12-06,Yaacov Falkov,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-12-13T15:33:17Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2280430,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389376874,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389376874,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7058,Soviet and Russian Diplomatic Expulsions: How Many and Why?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2272216,"Between 1946 and 1991, over 1,500 Soviet officials—mostly intelligence officers operating under diplomatic cover—were expelled from diplomatic and other government representations around the world. Expulsions often involved single or small groups of officials, but occasionally occurred en masse. Countries chose to expel Soviet officials for four reasons: in reaction to anti-Soviet regime changes and political reversals, in retaliation for Soviet covert activities and political manipulation, in reaction to Soviet intelligence officer defectors and intelligence obtained from penetrations of Soviet intelligence services, and, most frequently, in retaliation for espionage. Recent expulsions are modern adaptations of a method that was common during the Cold War with commonalities of purpose, but some variations, especially in scale and level of international cooperation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NQ7GWGSJ,2023-12-06,Kevin P. Riehle,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-12-13T15:31:14Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2272216,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389376954,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389376954,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2272216?needAccess=true,1.0 7059,‘The weatherman and the umbrella’: a case of complex and multilayered defence intelligence relations in the Netherlands,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2287254,"In this case study, I explore the relationship between the Dutch Intelligence and Security Service and the Directorate of Operations J2. Using interview data and publicly available documents, I analyse the interaction between DISS and DOPS J2 using a framework on different role models adapted from public administration theory. I found that although the formal organizational structure portrays the relationship as separated, the relationship is more layered and complex in practice, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexity and multilayered nature of defence intelligence relations, where interaction often goes beyond the dichotomous portrayal that is predominantly found in literature.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QZSUYCVV,2023-12-06,Saskia Pothoven,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-13T15:07:33Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2287254,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389391567,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389391567,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2287254?download=true,2.0 7060,Who is watching Britain’s spies?,Magazine article,https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/who-is-watching-britains-spies/,"Parliament’s intelligence watchdog is muzzled, neutered and sick.The Intelligence and Security committee, which oversees the UK intelligence community – MI5, MI6, GCHQ etc – released its annual report this week, and it makes for a sad read. The committee says it is ‘concerned’, ‘perplexed’ and ‘disappointed’ with the government. At one point it is ‘deeply disappointed and concerned.’ The",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JL4PEWIB,2023-12-11T11:06:00+00:00,Rory Cormac,,The Spectator,2023-12-12T11:57:54Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7061,"Russia hacking: 'FSB in years-long cyber attacks on UK', says government",Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-67647548,The FSB state security service is accused of hacking and releasing sensitive documents.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/URGE2NGG,2023-12-07,Gordon Corera,,BBC News,2023-12-07T13:17:44Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7062,The Ethics of National Security Intelligence Institutions: Theory and Applications,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-mono/10.4324/9781003106449/ethics-national-security-intelligence-institutions-adam-henschke-seumas-miller-roger-bradbury-patrick-walsh-andrew-alexandra,"This book explores the ethics of national security intelligence institutions operating in contemporary liberal democracies. Intelligence collection by agencies such as the CIA, MI6, and Mossad involves practices that are apparently inconsistent with the principles of ordinary morality – practices such as lying, spying, manipulation, and covert action. However, in the defence of national security, such practices may not only be morally permissible, but may also under some circumstances be morally obligatory. One approach to the ethics of national security intelligence activity has been to draw from the just war tradition (so-called ‘just intelligence theory’). This book identifies significant limitations of this approach and offers a new, institutionally based, teleological normative framework. In doing so, it revises some familiar principles designed for application to kinetic wars, such as necessity and proportionality, and invokes some additional ones, such as reciprocity and trust. It goes on to explore the applications of this framework and a revised set of principles for national security intelligence institutions and practices in contemporary and emerging political and technological settings. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, ethics, security studies and International Relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/URACNDC8,2024-03-18,"Adam Henschke, Seumas Miller, Andrew Alexandra, Patrick F. Walsh, Roger Bradbury",Routledge,,2023-12-07T13:06:11Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7063,Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament: Annual Report 2022–2023,Report,https://isc.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ISC-Annual-Report-2022-2023.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HVJTVG9K,2023-12-05, Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament,,,2023-12-06T20:19:02Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7064,Secrecy and the politics of selective disclosures: the US government’s intervention in Guatemala,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2279317,"Recent scholarship debates the signaling function of secrecy and covertness. At the international level, covertness is used to achieve strategic objectives without risking escalation or openly violating international law. Domestically, secrecy is understood as a method to pacify domestic constituencies. These are typically understood as obstacles to the conduct of (covert) foreign policy. Building primarily on archival material, the analysis highlights the role of ‘selective disclosures’ of information regarding covert operations. This article analyses the Eisenhower Administration’s 1954 intervention in Guatemala (PBSUCCESS). We find that the executive used disclosures – and not secrecy – to pacify hawkish domestic constituencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CZFGW38E,2023-11-28,"Luca Trenta, Kevin T Fahey, Douglas B Atkinson",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-01T17:35:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2279317,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389151493,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4389151493,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2279317?needAccess=true,2.0 7065,"Scholar, diplomat, Intelligence pioneer: Herbert Norman and Canada’s Special Intelligence Section, 1942-1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2287801,"Using recently declassified documents, this article examines the wartime work of Canada’s Special Intelligence Section under diplomat Herbert Norman. This was the first experiment with all-source strategic intelligence analysis in Canada. The SIS scrutinized intercepted Japanese and French communications, and prepared regular intelligence reports on enemies’ conduct of the war. Its analysis sometimes veered into prescriptions of Allied policy and grand strategy for the benefit of readers like Prime Minister Mackenzie King. During the Second World War, Canada’s SIS demonstrated that intelligence personnel with deep expertise could produce insightful analyses of key global developments for strategists and decision-makers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WMEQBCZ4,2023-11-27,Sam Eberlee,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-01T17:35:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2287801,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389049726,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7066,One size does not fit all: rollback orthodoxy and Anglo-American covert action in Albania and Ukraine in the early Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2286704,"Orthodox scholarship claims the CIA-MI6 covert actions in Albania and Ukraine in the early Cold War exemplified a singular effort to rollback Soviet power in Europe. Using recently declassified files, this article presents a case study of Operation BGFiend/Valuable and Aerodynamic to challenge the existence of an aggressive rollback programme. These were limited, diverse and strategically dynamic projects that did not seek regime change in either territory. The west subverted Hoxha’s Albanian regime, focusing on intelligence collection and propaganda. In Ukraine, emphasis was on gathering intelligence, particularly to provide early warning of an anticipated Soviet invasion of Western Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZB7D5Y2Y,2023-11-24,"Stephen Long, Francesco Cacciatore",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-12-01T17:34:31Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2286704,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388993486,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7067,"Probability or confidence, a distinction without a difference?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2276582,"How analytic uncertainty is presented can affect critical policymaker decisions. Analysts are told to offer separate: (1) assessments of the likelihood an analytic statement is true and (2) confidence statements that express how strongly analysts believe their assessments. The distinction between likelihood and confidence sounds clear but is not. The IC defines confidence poorly. Most intelligence products fail to distinguish likelihood from confidence and use the terms interchangeably to mean probability. The IC should abandon its confusing shorthand confidence descriptions. Instead, analysts should provide explanations of the nature and strength of evidence, and the reasoning behind analytic judgments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SKX2X42S,2023-11-20,Robert Levine,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-11-22T10:28:14Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2276582,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388849248,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388849248,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7068,A Spy Agency Leaked People's Data Online—Then the Data Was Stolen,Magazine article,https://www.wired.com/story/ntmc-bangladesh-database-leak/,The National Telecommunication Monitoring Center in Bangladesh exposed a database to the open web. The types of data leaked online are extensive.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7949KUMI,2023-11-16,Matt Burgess,,Wired,2023-11-18T09:30:35Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7069,The Codebreakers of Bletchley Park: The Secret Intelligence Station that Helped Defeat the Nazis,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/63MYMMSU,2020-01-01,Dermot Turing,Arcturus,,2023-11-18T00:28:18Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7070,Ethnic Minorities in the Soviet Illegal Intelligence: A Case of a KGB Illegal in Post-WWII Japan,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2271659,"The recruitment strategies employed by the KGB’s First Chief Directorate (FCD) displayed an apparent dichotomy, utilizing a two-pronged approach. On one hand, individuals who intended to operate under diplomatic cover were predominantly Slavs with a strong ideological background. On the other hand, individuals from discriminated ethnic minorities, among the Slavs, were often employed as undercover intelligence operatives known as illegals. This article aims to delve deeper into this disparity and, drawing upon the insights gained from the preceding analysis, construct a comprehensive case study focusing on the life and work of Evgeny Kim as an exemplary embodiment of an illegal originating from an ethnic minority.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YPDD7XIC,2023-11-16,Grigorij Serscikov,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-11-17T23:32:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2271659,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388720503,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388720503,2025.0,2026.0,2023.0,,2.0 7071,Reconsidering the Science and Semantics of Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2270715,"Intelligence analysis can benefit from a rigorous application of scientific method and the borrowing of frameworks from the social sciences, but it cannot be defined entirely in such terms that are extrinsic to the field. There is a process of “sense-making,” involving the production and negotiation of meaning through the exchange of signs and their signification, as the analyst mediates between the world of the target set and the world of the policymaker. That process is fundamentally and irreducibly subjective, intrinsic to the human experience that is deeply embedded in analysis, and it takes place primarily within the medium of verbal language. A semiotic approach would be better suited for understanding the ways that analysts navigate the layers of meaning that accrue to events within their local contexts, the grammar or rhetoric of tropes that shape analytical lines, and the socially constructed rules that guide policy debates.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JJHAXQCW,2023-11-16,Joshua Yaphe,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-11-17T23:32:07Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2270715,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388720599,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7072,A new theory of surprise – unraveling the logic of uncertainty and knowledge,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2278845,"Intelligence is judged by its ability to avoid surprises. Unfolding the dry logic of uncertainty shows how intelligence failures caused by surprises are unavoidable. This is done by the systematic study of the general conditions that trigger the different kinds of surprise, categorized according to their different epistemological nature. Five conceptual categories of surprise are analyzed: lack of expectations; insufficient evidence between two or more alternative courses of action; false justified beliefs; incomplete theory to ground a belief, and an utterly false expectation produced by our (usually reliable) mindset. Intelligence serves as a countermeasure to opponents’ actions at strategic and tactical levels. However, intelligence analysis can only minimize the risk; it cannot eliminate it altogether.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QAN8A2SW,2023-11-16,Giangiuseppe Pili,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-11-17T23:31:16Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2278845,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388744703,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388744703,2026.0,2026.0,2023.0,,3.0 7073,Russian Intelligence: A case-based study of Russian services and missions past and present,Book,https://ni-u.edu/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Riehle_Russian-Intelligence.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EZYUBYMI,2022-03-01,Kevin P. Riehle,National Intelligence Universtiry Press,,2023-11-17T23:29:30Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7074,Women in Intelligence: The Hidden History of Two World Wars,Book,https://yalebooks.co.uk/9780300260779/women-in-intelligence,"A groundbreaking history of women in British intelligence, revealing their pivotal role across the first half of the twentieth century From the twenti...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9CMNCNXX,2023-09-12,Helen Fry,Yale University Press,,2023-11-16T10:38:23Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7075,"Five Eyes: the past, present and future of the world's key intelligence alliance",Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/five-eyes-the-past-present-and-future-of-the-worlds-key-intelligence-alliance/,The Five Eyes network represents one of the closest partnerships between nation states in history - how did it come into being? And what explains its remarkable durability?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HC4GK222,2021-03-18T12:14:26+00:00,"David Gioe, Michael S. Goodman, David Schaefer",,,2021-03-19T14:04:56Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7076,"Counter-terrorism, intelligence and policing in Sri Lanka: a case study of the 2019 easter terror attacks",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2022.2153613,"This article examines the 2019 Easter Sunday terror attacks in Sri Lanka as a case study to probe intelligence and policing counter-terrorism efforts in the country. It explores the background of the bombings, the ensuing investigations and impact of the attacks on the intelligence and police services using Sri Lankan newspaper sources and government reports. The article argues the intelligence failure was a breakdown in Sri Lanka's intelligence and police services’ intelligence cycle wherein the relevant information was not disseminated to those who could prevent the attacks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WV2SV5H5,2023-01-03,Ryan Shaffer,Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-02-24T10:26:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/18335330.2022.2153613,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4313456671,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4313456671,2023.0,2025.0,2023.0,,0.0 7077,Keeping our wits about us: introducing a bespoke informant interview model for covert human intelligence source (CHIS) interactions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2022.2153614,"The covert use of civilian informants leaves law enforcement agencies open to accusations of unethical conduct. The use of a structured interview protocol is a recognised method of promoting ethical interactions between police and public citizens, however, there is no known interview model specifically designed to meet informant handler objectives. The current study adopts a holistic view of the interaction between ‘informant’ and ‘handler’ to develop a bespoke informant interview model (RWITS-US: Review and Research, Welfare, Information, Tasking, Security, Understanding Context, Sharing). This model is compared to the PEACE model of interviewing as part of a novel experimental paradigm using mock-informants (N = 19), measuring levels of motivation, rapport, cooperation and intelligence gain. Results indicate that the RWITS-US model generated significantly greater levels of self-reported rapport without having any detrimental effect on the other measured variables. Whilst the results are encouraging, we suggest that the RWITS-US model should be tested in handler training environments before being recommended for widespread use in the field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UA8FMUWP,2022-12-07,"Lee Moffett, Gavin E. Oxburgh, Paul Dresser, Fiona Gabbert, Steven J. Watson",Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-02-24T10:27:13Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/18335330.2022.2153614,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4311809574,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4311809574,2024.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/18335330.2022.2153614?needAccess=true&role=button,2.0 7078,"Strengthening DHS intelligence analysis education: core competencies, gaps, and challenges",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18335330.2022.2069475?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XG8R6HIN,2022-05-09 03:23:03,"Michelle Black, Lana Obradovic",tandf,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-05-06T09:45:24Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/18335330.2022.2069475,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4229375650,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4229375650,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,,1.0 7079,Hunters and Gatherers: The Evolution of Strike and Intelligence Functions in Special Operations Forces,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2197558,"The rapid expansion of Special Operations Forces (SOF) since the beginning of the twenty-first century is largely seen as a response to the necessity to fight the post–11 September 2001 counterterrorism wars. Strike and intelligence, previously studied as distinct functions for military forces, have been increasingly intertwined in contemporary SOF operations. This study examines the evolution of the strike and intelligence functions of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and allied SOF in counterterrorism and counterinsurgency campaigns from 2004 to 2017. The coevolution of strike and intelligence functions in SOF operations provides unique insight into the processes of battlefield and doctrinal adaptation in counterterrorism campaigns. Opportunities for further research include links between emerging doctrine and practice in targeting enemy networks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/47EXKD5C,2023-05-08,John Hardy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-05-09T18:25:42Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2197558,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4382009212,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4382009212,2023.0,2023.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2197558?needAccess=true&role=button,0.0 7080,The Evolution of African Intelligence Cultures,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2211872,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RV5K9LVI,2023-10-18,"R. Gerald Hughes, Martin Plaut",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-11-15T12:23:18Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2211872,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387733838,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2211872?download=true, 7081,Not-So-Secret Secret Police: Yugoslavia’s Intelligence Apparatus,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2270370,"Intelligence agencies in former Yugoslavia served as the regime’s political police, which carried out domestic security roles in an internally divided country that was caught at the crossroads of a geopolitical cleavage between great powers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U5Q3KGUI,2023-11-14,Florina Cristiana Matei,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-11-15T12:19:47Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2270370,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388655276,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7082,Reassessment of Counterintelligence in National Security: The Case of Kosovo,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2267751,"Kosovo has faced significant challenges in terms of national security since the postwar period. In this context, counterintelligence services play a crucial role in preventing internal and external threats. However, Kosovo still does not have an effective and strong counterintelligence service, relying entirely on information and services provided by international allies. The mechanism of counterintelligence is mentioned in the preamble of the law of the Kosovo Intelligence Agency, but without any specific role. The purpose of this article is to analyze the case of Kosovo in strengthening the need for counterintelligence services, as well as analyzing which counterintelligence model would be suitable for Kosovo. Specific recommendations are made for creating a strong and effective counterintelligence service in Kosovo, including the measures that local authorities and international allies need to take to achieve this goal.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WJNFGG3R,2023-11-10,"Bahri Gashi, Ngadhnjim Brovina",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-11-15T12:19:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2267751,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388565227,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388565227,2026.0,2026.0,2023.0,,3.0 7083,Spies and scholars in the cyber age: researching intelligence in Australian policy and regional security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2023.2279084,"The limited treatment of intelligence by IR and strategic studies academics in Australia distorts the scholarly research and public understanding of policymaking in Canberra. This article provides an overview of intelligence-focused research in Australia, including the traditional challenges which constrained the field, its limited engagement with more conventional scholarship, and the potential for more applied historical study of intelligence-related issues in the future. It demonstrates how key developments in Australian alliance diplomacy and cyber security are heavily influenced by intelligence and identifies trends in the US–China relationship and regional security which are elevating the strategic importance of Australia’s intelligence agencies. More interest from the academic community in the role and contribution of intelligence to foreign and defence policy will be needed in the coming years if scholarship is to remain in touch with the reality of Australian statecraft.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5MXWD2UN,2023-11-09,David Schaefer,Routledge,Australian Journal of International Affairs,2023-11-10T09:57:18Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/10357718.2023.2279084,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388527770,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388527770,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2023.2279084,1.0 7084,"“Encore Merci de Votre Collaboration et Bravo!” Albert Van Buylaere, a Belgian Intelligence Agent during World War II",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2264692,"Although World War II intelligence and action services are an important research topic in current Belgian intelligence studies, researchers until recently never focused solely on the Benoît network in their studies. However, this organization was of vital importance for the successful transmission of the intelligence that had been gathered by the Belgian government and State Security in London. One of Benoît’s key members was Albert Van Buylaere who was considered “brilliant” by his superiors. This article gives an overview of his motives and actions and gives a first impression of why he was so sought after by various intelligence agencies during the Cold War. After a brief discussion on the organization and activities of this network and the main events around it, the focus will shift to his activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PNGFWX87,2023-11-07,Robin Liefferinckx,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-11-09T21:26:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2264692,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388464644,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7085,Portuguese Intelligence under Salazar’s Estado Novo,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2264697,"The Portuguese intelligence apparatus under António de Oliveira Salazar’s Estado Novo (New State) remains understudied. Even if there has been a relevant development of literature in general political terms after 25 April 1974, both in Portuguese and foreign languages, this interest seems to have decreased, even in the Portuguese sphere. This article aims at filling this gap in the literature. It provides an understanding of the historical context that enabled Salazar to develop Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado’s political police role in the historical context of both multipolarity before 1945 and bipolarity after the end of World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/49CPTZGP,2023-11-07,"Andrés de Castro, Enrique Fernández-Carrera",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-11-09T21:26:25Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2264697,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388453427,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388453427,2025.0,2026.0,2023.0,,2.0 7086,Auditory and Olfactory Copying in Intelligence: Brain and Thought Modifications Beyond the Word,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2257553,"For those who command the machine, regulate the satellite, or handle operations in the field, everything depends on the brain, on the human being. According to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the sixth domain where conflict will occur and peace will have to be managed is the cognitive one, made official in 2021. It becomes the most important of all. In the end, the match will be won by whoever will have practitioners, analysts, or those deployed in the field with the best brain. Experiments are being carried out in some countries where the human brain gets physically connected to the machine so that the machine can learn how the human brain works. However, a machine will learn from that person’s brain, with all their limitations, biases, and fears, therefore already having numerous flaws in its system, without considering the ethical disputableness of this kind of thing. There is a way to win in the sixth domain: enhancing the intelligence practitioners’ capabilities, which is doable thanks to the latest studies and techniques developed. It is, therefore, possible, without medicines, drugs, or electrical and electronic equipment, to augment the mental capability and plasticity of those who will have to win these challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8XU5HABT,2023-11-02,Davide Bellomo,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-11-09T21:26:04Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2257553,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388211369,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7087,Modelling the intelligence requirements and priorities process: the US response to the Rwandan genocide,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2270607,"In the US, national security outcomes tend to be categorised as either the responsibility of the intelligence or policy community. Few discuss systemic outcomes emanating from the requirements and priorities (R&P) process, a top-level collaborative effort that determines national security objectives and establishes the means to address them. Here, a holistic model is introduced to examine the R&P process alongside the binary functions of intelligence and policy, and tested against two mandates of the US response to the Rwandan genocide: evacuation of American expats, and broader intervention. Such macroscopic investigations can better identify the root causes of national security outcomes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G2MM6LWR,2023-11-05,Neveen Abdalla,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-11-09T21:25:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2270607,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388376772,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388376772,2025.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2270607?needAccess=true,2.0 7088,The New Zealand intelligence community and effects operations: the covert action dilemma,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2274142,"Bounded by current legislation, the New Zealand Intelligence Community (NZIC) is explicitly limited from conducting any form of Covert Action, or what is increasingly being called within New Zealand, Effects Operations. This article aims to understand whether this policy remains both operationally fit for purpose and consistent with the New Zealand public’s understanding and expectations in a time of significant geopolitical and domestic security uncertainty. Supported by 2022 research which surveyed New Zealand public perceptions of the NZIC and the tolerances of Effects Operations, we seek to establish, through an examination of Covert Action policy amongst Five Eyes partners and New Zealand intelligence literature, an understanding of a working definition of Effects Operations, and show that despite previous thinking linked to ethical challenges related to the conduct of such activity, the wider New Zealand public is likely to be supportive of some form of NZIC Effects Operations mandate in the service of national security policy goals. This research thus further reinforces recent independent assessments that the current NZIC legislation, the 2017 Intelligence and Security Act, is not completely fit for purpose and remains overly restrictive in a way that limits future policy options like Effects Operations and needs to be further considered.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P2MCVMY5,2023-11-03,"Murray Place, Rhys Ball",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-11-09T21:24:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2274142,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388293262,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7089,A Unified Theory for Intelligence Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2272349,"Causation has traditionally been an under-theorized topic. Until Hendrickson’s work, very little effort had been devoted to creating a compelling theory of causation in intelligence analysis. In line with the recent attempts to integrate intelligence theory with philosophy, this article is intended to contribute to the philosophy of intelligence by defining a dedicated account of causation for it. The Unified Theory for Intelligence Analysis, as this account of causation is named, is intended to integrate into a single account Betts’ Normal and Exceptional Theories as well as Hendrickson’s target challenges. It is then proved that a pluralistic account of causation that combines both counterfactual and probabilistic accounts of causation is the most successful option. Finally, it is shown that Bayesian tools are the natural manifestation of this Unified Theory, and that Subjective Logic can help refute criticism against Bayesianism in intelligence analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YS2FMYAT,2023-11-01,Carles Ortola,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-11-09T21:23:26Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2272349,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388230093,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4388230093,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7090,Complexity in Military Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2209493,"Intelligence studies missed social science’s “complexity turn” more than twenty years ago. The aim of this article is to examine military intelligence from a complexity science perspective and discuss related concepts such as sensemaking and reflexivity. For this, military and intelligence theory, doctrine, and practice are studied. Complexity insights from military sciences are used to review mental models and current thinking in military intelligence. Rather than viewing it as a clearly defined and autonomous field or function embodied by a closed intelligence cycle, military intelligence is best seen as a situated practice. This situatedness is illustrated in two cases regarding vertical and horizontal contextual influences. First, a discussion of North Atlantic Treaty Organization deployments in Afghanistan shows important vertical influences: the impact of (political) context and task. Second, a review of United Nations missions exemplifies the horizontal dimension: the need for informal collaboration, ad hoc organization, and a holistic approach. However, both cases show vertical and horizontal influences. Overall, this article stresses the applicability of sensemaking rather than the intelligence cycle and makes suggestions for further incorporating complexity research into intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FLNJPJYW,2023-05-30,"Bram Spoor, Peter de Werd",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-06-01T07:37:48Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2209493,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4381569928,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4381569928,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2209493?download=true,0.0 7091,Historical Dictionary of Chinese Intelligence,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538130193/Historical-Dictionary-of-Chinese-Intelligence-Second-Edition,"Historical Dictionary of Chinese Intelligence, Second Edition covers the history of Chinese Intelligence from 400 B.C. to modern times. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced entries...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QF7ZRCFC,2021,"I. C. Smith, Nigel West",Rowman & Littlefield,,2021-11-22T20:41:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7092,Democratization of Intelligence: Demilitarizing the Greek Intelligence Service after the Junta,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2261824,"Military dictatorships critically rely on the armed forces and intelligence agencies for the maintenance of their regime. They strengthen these through the allocation of substantial staff and personal resources. We know little about the behavior of intelligence and security services in the transition from authoritarianism to democracy. This article examines the Greek Intelligence Service (KYP) and, since 1986, the National Intelligence Service as its successor. A principal ingredient for the democratic embedment of the service was a break with this dictatorial past and, consequently, its demilitarization. This article shows that the de facto demilitarization of the service was a protracted process that was largely independent from the de jure formal demilitarization in 1986. It both preceded and lagged the legislative decision in 1986. This article particularly focusses on personnel policies aimed at distancing the service from its former ties to the junta regime (1967–1974), the “old KYP.” Its methodological contribution lies in its reliance on original, oral history interviews with former employees of the service and in its systematic analysis of newspaper publications for research on the KYP. I argue and show that internal organizational factors, most notably professionalization and shifting responsibilities, rather than external factors such as party politics or a prodemocratic ideological vision, are the key explanations for a change in the otherwise persistent military staffing of the intelligence service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FXZQV58K,2023-11-02,Eleni Braat,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-11-07T23:23:58Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2261824,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4388211408,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2261824?download=true, 7093,How Could Israeli Intelligence Miss the Hamas Invasion Plans?,Blog post,https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-could-israeli-intelligence-miss-hamas-invasion-plans,"Hamas pulled off a complex, multifront assault on Israeli territory. At first blush, the situation appears to be a massive intelligence failure. How could Israeli intelligence services—among the best in the world—be caught by surprise?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/62YNUYG6,2023-10-11,Emily Harding,,,2023-10-30T21:27:03Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7094,The pressures and pitfalls of attributing blame for atrocities,Newspaper article,https://www.ft.com/content/0d2b4ebc-aedc-44d6-ad91-cbcc82874e0e,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EL76UG6X,2023-10-26,Suzanne Raine,,Financial Times,2023-10-27T10:24:29Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7095,Intelligence warning in the corporate sector: the 2013 In Amenas terrorist attack in retrospect,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2023.2274614,"The 2013 terrorist attack at the In Amenas, Algeria gas production facility killed 40 innocent people and shook the corporate security industry. Analyzing this event raises important questions about the nature and limitations of intelligence warning for private industry. Corporate security intelligence has been adopted by many companies that desire a ‘decision advantage’, but in this case, it failed to foresee the attack. A seminal report on the attack produced by Statoil (now Equinor) encouraged numerous changes in how companies should protect themselves against severe security threats. One conclusion was that in uncertain and dangerous environments, intelligence cannot be relied upon to reduce uncertainty and provide adequate warning. The Statoil report acknowledges that the joint venture likely would not have gotten the intelligence necessary to warn of an impending attack. The core business is not necessarily focused on the changing threat environment. In this case, even more accurate ‘tactical’ intelligence might not have led to a timely evacuation. Moreover, as the Algerian Army's failure to prevent the In Amenas attack reveals, corporations' risk assessments cannot ignore the severe limitations of their host country security institutions. This case study raises some concerns about overvaluing corporate intelligence’s effectiveness in high-risk security environments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AAN826YC,2023-10-26,Michael J. Ard,Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-10-27T10:24:01Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/18335330.2023.2274614,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387974443,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7096,The moment Canada learned about the Cuban Missile Crisis,Blog post,https://timsayle.substack.com/p/the-moment-canada-learned-about-the,And: Just what is an “intelligence officer”?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LPER23JZ,2023-10-21,Tim Sayle,,,2023-10-24T09:34:59Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7097,Examining the Ethics of Spying: A Practitioner’s View,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-023-09704-5,This paper examines from the point of view of an intelligence practicioner the utility of the philosophical method that Professor Cecile Fabre has applied to intelligence ethics. Her emphasis on the duty that lies on governments to be sufficiently well informed about those who pose a real risk of serious violations of fundamental human rights is seen as a valuable addition to discourse on the ethics of intelligence activity. The just war tradition is put forward as an alternative framing of key ethical issues that can be translated into a practical code for intelligence officers that can be adapted to changing levels of threat in a way that is difficult to derive from a timeless philosophical analysis.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WD92MKEQ,2023-10-20,David Omand,,Criminal Law and Philosophy,2023-10-24T07:39:55Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1007/s11572-023-09704-5,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387816643,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387816643,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11572-023-09704-5.pdf,2.0 7098,How Israel underestimated Hamas's intelligence capabilities – an expert reviews the evidence,Blog post,http://theconversation.com/how-israel-underestimated-hamass-intelligence-capabilities-an-expert-reviews-the-evidence-215646,Israeli intelligence missed signs that might have warned Hamas were about to attack.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FUP9V9Y2,2023-10-18,Robert M. Dover,,,2023-10-22T13:30:52Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7099,Spy vs. spy: How Israelis tried to stop Russia’s information war in Africa,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/21/percepto-africa-france-russia-disinformation/,"In the two years since an Israelis company first tried to thwart a Russian disinformation campaign in Burkina Faso, coups or rebels have removed the governments of five former French colonies, replacing them with pro-Russia leaders.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LDJT8NCS,2023-10-21,Elizabeth Dwoskin,,Washington Post,2023-10-22T13:30:31Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7100,The Rise of the New Spycraft Regimes,Blog post,https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/10/21/intelligence-spies-global-south-us-egypt-ethiopia-india-espionage/,U.S. Sen. Bob Menendez’s indictment should remind the West not to underestimate the intelligence capabilities of smaller powers.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AX5M3H9X,2023-10-21,David V. Gioe,,,2023-10-22T13:24:21Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7101,Inside Israel’s intelligence fiasco,Blog post,https://www.newstatesman.com/world/middle-east/2023/10/inside-israels-intelligence-fiasco,Security failures allowed Hamas to launch its catastrophic attack on 7 October. Can the Israeli leadership overcome its fatal complacency?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6LCLJASK,2023-10-18T12:34:53+00:00,Lawrence Freedman,,,2023-10-21T09:19:36Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7102,Building Trust to Enhance Elicitation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2255507,"Drawing on the scientific literature on trust and the experiences of distinguished interviewers, two primary trust-building tactics with potential application in investigative and intelligence interviewing were identified and assessed for their efficacy in this context. Trust-building tactics that demonstrate trustworthiness and demonstrate a willingness to trust portray the interviewer as reliable and dependable (i.e., perceptions of cognitive trust) as well as convey goodwill and warmth (i.e., perceptions of affective trust) were viewed as likely to increase a source’s willingness to disclose critical information. Across three experiments, both tactics were found to be influential in engaging the reciprocity principle in a manner that elicited the sources’ cooperation and enhanced information yield. However, perceptions of cognitive trust were found to function as a direct encouragement to reveal information. In contrast, perceptions of affective trust first facilitated a willingness to cooperate that had the potential for subsequently manifesting as an instrumental form of cooperation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/45XGWGS2,2023-10-17,"Simon Oleszkiewicz, Dominick J. Atkinson, Steven Kleinman, Christian A. Meissner",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-10-20T18:35:40Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2255507,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387700654,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387700654,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2255507?download=true,1.0 7103,Israel's Fauda fallacy,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/israels-fauda-fallacy/,"TV series like Fauda have become constitutive of Israel's power – or, in this case, the illusion of it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2JVNMIHM,2023-10-18,Pauline Blistène,,,2023-10-18T16:18:07Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7104,Cracking the Nazi Code: The Untold Story of Canada's Greatest Spy,Book,https://www.harpercollins.ca/9781443466745/cracking-the-nazi-code/,"In public life, Dr. Winthrop Bell of Halifax was a Harvard philosophy professor and wealthy businessman. As MI6 secret agent A12, he evaded gunfire and shook off pursuers to break open the emerging Nazi conspiracy in 1919 Berlin. His reports, the first warning of the Nazi plot for WWII, went directly to the man known as C, the mysterious founder of MI6, and to prime ministers. But a powerful fascist politician quietly worked to suppress his alerts. Nevertheless, his intelligence sabotaged the Nazis in ways only now revealed. Bell became a spy once again in the face of WWII. In 1939, he was the first to crack Hitler’s deadliest secret code: the Holocaust. At that time, the führer was a popular politician who said he wanted peace. Could anyone believe Bell’s shocking warning? Fighting an epic intelligence war from Ukraine, Russia and Poland to France, Germany, Canada and Washington, DC, A12 was the real-life 007, waging a single-handed fight against madmen bent on destroying the world. Without Bell’s astounding courage, the Nazis might just have won the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RKILX8ZY,2023-09-26,Jason Bell,HarperCollins Publishers,,2023-10-18T11:48:17Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7105,The Israeli Idea of Intelligence: Anatomy of the Israeli National Intelligence Culture,Thesis,https://figshare.le.ac.uk/articles/thesis/The_Israeli_Idea_of_Intelligence_Anatomy_of_the_Israeli_National_Intelligence_Culture/24204042/1,"The academic field of intelligence studies has acknowledged that different nations perceive and practice intelligence differently: i.e., that they have distinct national intelligence cultures drawing on distinct ideas of intelligence. However, while research into intelligence cultures is developing, it remains heavily focused on the US and UK. Meanwhile, although Israeli intelligence has received extensive attention through historical and practical perspectives, with studies focusing on analytical failures, counterterrorism, and covert operations, hitherto there has been no comprehensive study of it through a cultural lens. The thesis addresses this gap and offers a conceptualization (anatomy) of the Israeli national intelligence culture, by applying a strategic cultures framework and adopting a social constructivist research approach. It is based on 34 elite interviews with former and acting Israeli practitioners. The thesis finds that Israeli intelligence culture is distinctive in the way in which it rejects formal management of the intelligence system on the national level, preferring informal cooperation between agencies and pluralism of intelligence assessments. Intelligence in Israel is action-inclined and integrated in decision-making. It is also practice-inclined and has been averse to intelligence theories and scientific methods, preferring adaptation through bottom-up innovations. These characteristics reflect several sources: an Israeli strategic culture of exceptionalism arising from a sense of living under existential threats; a political culture of securitization; the historical origins of military intelligence dominance; and typical Israeli ‘chutzpah’. They also reflect lessons learned from two major traumas of Israeli intelligence: the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and the Second Lebanon War in 2006. The thesis argues that Israeli intelligence culture is not unitary in essence nor fixed in time. However, moral courage, contrarian thinking, individual responsibility, and a sense of national mission have persisted as its foundational professional values. They highlight the enduring status of intelligence as a core pillar of Israeli national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S2LUI7PM,2023-09-27,Itai Shapira,,,2023-10-18T11:47:25Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.25392/leicester.data.24204042.v1,,PhD Thesis,University of Leicester,https://openalex.org/W6908074775,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,, 7106,Four paths to Israel's intelligence failure,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/four-paths-to-israels-intelligence-failure/,"The Israeli security establishment's failure to adequately collect, analyse and react to its intelligence meant that the nation was unprepared for one of the darkest days in its 75-year history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SIETU7GX,2023-10-12,Calder Walton,,,2023-10-12T22:30:29Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7107,What Israeli Intelligence Got Wrong About Hamas,Blog post,https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/10/11/israel-intelligence-gaza-hamas-war-1973/,Hubris and toxic politics fueled a mistaken belief in containment.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XJ8NQ6SJ,2023-10-11,Elena Grossfeld,,,2023-10-12T07:46:10Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7108,Israel’s Intelligence Disaster,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/middle-east/israels-intelligence-disaster,How the security establishment could have underestimated the Hamas threat.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7NZ45SYD,2023-10-11,Amy Zegart,,Foreign Affairs,2023-10-11T19:31:58Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7109,Israel's new Yom Kippur,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/israels-new-yom-kippur/,"For Israelis, the October 1973 national trauma is being revisited in October 2023.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SFSSKTDP,2023-10-11,Ahron Bregman,,,2023-10-11T17:48:48Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7110,Herbert O. Yardley: eyewitnessing a legacy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2023.2237793,"A Japanese cryptologist claimed that he attended a meeting between Japanese diplomats and controversial US cryptologist Herbert O. Yardley in 1929 at the Japanese Embassy. Since this eyewitness account has not been previously known to Yardley researchers, it deserves to be reviewed objectively to see if it contributes anything of substance to the further shaping of the Yardley legacy. This article scrutinizes the written evidence as provided in two accounts of the meeting, one of which is recorded in the memoirs of senior Japanese diplomat Kase Toshikazu. The author of this article, who had been skeptical of a Yardley-Japan meeting, now believes that it most likely did occur.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MC478QB5,2023-10-05,Gregory J. Nedved,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2023-10-11T08:34:33Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/16161262.2023.2237793,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387374248,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387374248,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 7111,Helping Intelligence Analysts Gain Insight,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2257549,"Decisionmakers expect intelligence assessments to be insightful. Still, intelligence professionals do not understand the insight process well enough to achieve consistently such indispensable outcomes. Little, if any, research has studied how intelligence analysts achieve insights. A qualitative, interview-based unclassified study was conducted to understand how insight emerges in 36 intelligence analysts who solved novel problems. The results include an emergence process consisting of two interacting elements—internalized tensions and priming—across the emotion–cognition and individual–social dimensions, and that the relationship between the two elements is complex. The emergence of insight is not predictable or controllable, which has significant challenges for the management of intelligence analysts because intelligence agencies typically are hierarchical organizations that emphasize order and control, conditions antithetical for nurturing emergence. This conundrum requires a major individual and cultural shift by management. The study suggests that the findings are generalizable across intelligence analysts in any national security organization, domestic or international.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EP6T99TK,2023-10-05,Adrian Wolfberg,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-10-11T08:34:07Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2257549,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387360592,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387360592,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7112,Israel's hostage dilemma,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/israels-hostage-dilemma/,"Hostage situations, ransoms and prisoner exchanges are among the problems premiers fear most.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NI6LFET5,2023-10-10,Richard J. Aldrich,,,2023-10-10T23:12:13Z,"['AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7113,"An Intelligence Failure in Israel, but What Kind?",Blog post,https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/an-intelligence-failure-in-israel-but-what-kind,"Five potential forms of intelligence failure to consider, as more and more fingers point at the leaders of Israel’s intelligence services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7749BTAV,2023-10-10,Daniel Byman,,,2023-10-10T23:04:07Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7114,How Do We Define Intelligence Failure?: Hamas October 2023 Attack on Israel,Blog post,https://intelligencestudiesreview.blog/2023/10/09/how-do-we-define-intelligence-failure-hamas-october-2023-attack-on-israel/,"On October 7, Hamas launched a significant and well-coordinated attack on Israel, surprising its defenses. Considered the ‘most serious attack in a generation’, the offensive exposed mu…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y3IBWQV9,2023-10-09T22:11:15+00:00,"Philip H. J. Davies, Steven B. Wagner, Kevin Riehle, Kristian Gustafson, Neveen Abdalla",,,2023-10-10T22:49:11Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AKVWM8BZ', 'AWQSU6V5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7115,Ideology in Costume: A Growing Threat to Intelligence Studies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2254490,"Intelligence studies (IS) is a new and rapidly evolving academic discipline. Scholars periodically assess its status, noting considerable progress, but they have barely begun to assess the origins and implications of a significant recent development in IS: infiltration of the discipline by people determined to alter intelligence studies for ideological reasons. This commentary focuses on the destructive impact of neo-Marxian “critical intelligence studies” on IS generally. It addresses the origins and implications of this infection and suggests ways to inoculate IS against further damage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UVPTVKCI,2023-10-10,John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-10-10T22:47:51Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2254490,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4387501472,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4387501472,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2254490?download=true,1.0 7116,"From brave women to fake heads, UK show explores the many facets of spying",Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/27/uk-show-explores-the-many-facets-of-spying-imperial-war-museum,"Imperial War Museum exhibition will tell story of Noor Inayat Khan as it recounts tales of courage, ingenuity and deception",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NZR5MRMF,2023-09-27T05:00:48.000Z,Harriet Sherwood,,The Guardian,2023-09-27T21:16:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7117,Spying (in)spires: The dwindling likelihood of an Oxford spy ring to rival the Cambridge Five,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2023.2259319,"This article asks why no comparable spy ring to the Cambridge Five developed concurrently at Oxford University and argues that, based on an updated and comprehensive review of primary and secondary sources, holding out hope for a new revelation of one may be waiting for Godot. We argue that whilst structural and institutional factors played a significant role in the creation of a mid-20th century Cambridge spy ring, the role and agency of individuals was paramount, and Oxford was missing comparable personalities. Specifically, the galvanising effect of an intellectual authority figure in the person of Cambridge Don Maurice Dobb, the greater attention, talent, and strategy by Soviet intelligence recruiter Arnold Deutsch, and the higher level of ideological commitment and social reinforcement on the part of the Cambridge Five themselves—as a ring—were of greater significance. Not all these factors were present in Oxford and casts increasing doubt on whether an equivalent Oxford spy ring ever existed. Recently declassified files reveal that Oxford did produce Soviet era spies, but never a collective akin to that of the infamous Cambridge spies, who remain a unique historical and cultural touchstone to the present day.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/47QLU3D9,2023-09-22,"Berenice Burnett, Erica Forktus, David V. Gioe",Routledge,Contemporary British History,2023-09-24T08:23:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/13619462.2023.2259319,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386958219,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386958219,2026.0,2026.0,2023.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2023.2259319,3.0 7118,Stronger Together: Intelligence in the English-Speaking West Indies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2252181,"This article explores intelligence in the English-speaking West Indies by examining institutions, capabilities, and objectives. It highlights how the British Overseas Territories and independent nations separately and collectively gather and utilize intelligence. The article argues the territories and countries’ sizes and resources as well as their geographic locations significantly shape intelligence networks that collect, share, and use vital security information. In doing so, this article provides the first academic analysis of the region’s intelligence as a whole in understanding how intelligence is viewed, utilized, and shared within territories and countries that are not usually examined in the intelligence studies literature.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GNVFAP3X,2023,Ryan Shaffer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-09-24T08:21:56Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2252181,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386863545,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7119,Integrating Earth observation IMINT with OSINT data to create added-value multisource intelligence information: A case study of the Ukraine–Russia war,Journal article,"https://securityanddefence.pl/Integrating-Earth-observation-IMINT-with-OSINT-data-to-create-added-value-multisource,170901,0,2.html",The Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 heralded a new “social media war” era. This “hybrid warfare” extends beyond the military landscape and includes attacks in cyberspace and fake news with the aim of destabilising governments. The goal of this paper is to present a...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PPSIK2CG,2023-09-21,"Ioannis Kotaridis, Georgios Benekos","War Studies University, Poland",Security and Defence Quarterly,2023-09-24T08:19:18Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'PBHFUE8W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7120,"Eavesdroppers, code-breakers and digital snoops: a deep dive into one of the most secret branches of Australian intelligence",Blog post,http://theconversation.com/eavesdroppers-code-breakers-and-digital-snoops-a-deep-dive-into-one-of-the-most-secret-branches-of-australian-intelligence-205200,Much of the history of signals intelligence in Australia – revealing secrets and protecting one’s own – is tacit and poorly understood. A new book lifts the lid on this world.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SC8QKLXY,2023-06-13,Daniel Baldino,,,2023-09-16T09:03:33Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7121,Revisiting the Psychology of Structured Analytical Techniques,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2243803,"Structured analytic techniques (SATs) are considered the gold standard for intelligence practitioners to mitigate judgmental biases. On the other hand, recent psychological research has challenged the effectiveness of SATs. Here, these seemingly irreconcilable standpoints will, to some extent, be reunited. To this end, the empirical evidence of three prominent SATs is reviewed: empirical research provides support for brainstorming and devil’s advocacy. The analysis of competing hypotheses, however, does not have empirical support. Based on the literature review and conceptual criticism of SATs, implications are discussed: the Intelligence Community (IC) must discard its antiempiricism. To this end, intelligence studies programs should regularly incorporate quantitative research methods courses in their curricula. The research community, on the other hand, should seek more frequent collaboration with the IC, to support the IC in improving the empirical foundations of their work. This could improve judgmental processes in intelligence analysis as well—possibly both within and beyond SATs. Moreover, other tasks in the IC (e.g., human intelligence) would benefit from a sound empirical approach as well.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TQGKS4P7,2023-09-01,Markus Denzler,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-09-11T06:44:41Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2243803,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386357931,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386357931,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 7122,"Espionage and the 1935 Press War in Palestine: Revisiting Factionalism, Forgeries and Fake News*",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cead105,"In 1935, Palestinian newspapers published a forged letter alleged to have been sent from pan-Islamist leader, Shakib Arslan, to the Palestinian leader and Mufti of Jerusalem, Amin al-Husayni. The letter indicated that Husayni and Arslan accepted Italian bribes in exchange for pro-Italian articles in the publications they controlled. Italy was widely despised for its treatment of Libyan Muslims, and so exposing this relationship was expected to be controversial. Amid a national debate about Italy’s imminent invasion of Abyssinia, and its role in the Eastern Mediterranean, Husayni’s Palestinian opponents hoped to embarrass him as a sell-out. Both a government official and national leader, Husayni’s true position came to define the Palestinian debate about the national interest: should Palestinians co-operate with one oppressive empire so as to free themselves from another? Relying on multilingual and multinational archival evidence, this article proves that the letter was indeed forged, but based on real intelligence gathered by Husayni’s Palestinian opponents who sought to damage his reputation. It also shows that British intelligence probably encouraged the forgery, hoping to expose and stem Italian propaganda activity. The scheme backfired and accelerated Italian interference in Palestine. It crystalised Husayni’s popularity, as Palestinians believed he could deliver national liberation. They did not care if Italy was involved. This episode shows that British assessments of ‘factional’ Palestinian politics reflected their shallow understanding of these conflicts. Meanwhile, it also sheds unique light on Palestinian espionage and counterintelligence work, and the way in which it empowered Husayni and Arslan.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7C2E73LC,2023-08-30,Steven Wagner,,The English Historical Review,2023-09-01T09:16:40Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1093/ehr/cead105,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386268828,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://academic.oup.com/ehr/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/ehr/cead105/51309762/cead105.pdf, 7123,Training Intelligence Officers to Detect Deception and Elicit Information,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2241307,"Researchers from psychology have proposed interrogation techniques that draw on established theoretical principles and empirical examinations and have tested these techniques using experimental methods. From this, they have inferred that technique A is more effective than technique B. But, to make a difference outside the laboratory, researchers must know if their proposed techniques can be taught to practitioners. And, if so, whether the new techniques are more effective than the ones already in use. This article will present an overview of studies where experienced police officers, handlers, and intelligence officers were trained in interrogation techniques for different situations relevant to human intelligence collection and counterintelligence. The main conclusion was that, irrespective of whether the training concerned how to detect deception, to discriminate between true and false intentions, or subtly elicit information from human sources, the studies reviewed showed that the trained professionals outperformed their untrained colleagues.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FR35CF7B,2023-08-28,Pär Anders Granhag,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-08-29T10:55:23Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2241307,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386210603,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386210603,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7124,"The Foreign Office ‘Thought Police’: Foreign Office Security, the Security Department and the ‘Missing Diplomats’, 1940 – 1952",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2023.2239638,"The protection of diplomats, embassies and sensitive information has always been an important aspect of diplomacy. Today, security is an accepted norm of day-to-day diplomatic work, yet the importance of security in the UK Foreign Office was not always appreciated, with the department witnessing embarrassing security lapses and scandals during the first half of the Twentieth Century. This article highlights the importance of security to diplomacy, offering the first significant study of the origins and early development of the Foreign Office’s Security Department, established in 1946. It also explores the tensions between security officials and the wider Foreign Office, which indicate the extent to which organisational and internal cultural issues stymied good diplomatic security, issues that were laid bare in the aftermath of the defection of Foreign Office officials Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean in 1951.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TJVW4BIU,2023-07-03,"Daniel W. B. Lomas, Christopher J. Murphy",Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2023-08-29T06:55:10Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/09592296.2023.2239638,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4386148235,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386148235,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09592296.2023.2239638?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7125,J. L. Austin: Philosopher and D-Day Intelligence Officer,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/j-l-austin-9780198707585?cc=us&lang=en&,"The first biography of the philosopher who became a mastermind of Allied intelligence in World War Two.Austere, witty, and formidable, J. L. Austin (1911-1960) was the leader of Oxford Ordinary Language Philosophy and the founder of speech-act theory. This book--the first full-length biography of Austin--enhances our understanding of his dominance in 1950s Oxford, examining the significance of his famous Saturday morning seminars, and his sometimes tense relationships with Gilbert Ryle, Isaiah Berlin, A. J. Ayer, and Elizabeth Anscombe. Throwing new light on Austin's own intellectual development, it probes the strengths and weaknesses of his mature philosophy, and reconstructs his late unpublished work on sound symbolism.Austin's philosophical work remains highly influential, but much less well known is his outstanding contribution to British Intelligence in World War Two. The twelve central chapters thus investigate Austin's part in the North African campaign, the search for the V-weapons, the preparations for D-Day, the Battle of Arnhem, and the Ardennes Offensive, and show that, in the case of D-Day, he played a major role in the ultimate Allied victory.While exploring Austin's dramatic and romantic personal history, Rowe pays close attention to his harsh schooling and pre-war affair with a married Frenchwoman; his wartime marriage, bomb injury, and response to a colleague's murder; and his post-war family life, the growing influence of America, and his tragically premature death. Adding considerably to our knowledge of World War Two, and Austin's diverse and enduring influence, this biography reveals the true complexity of his character, and the full range and significance of his achievements. , The first biography of the philosopher who became a mastermind of Allied intelligence in World War Two.Austere, witty, and formidable, J. L. Austin (1911-1960) was the leader of Oxford Ordinary Language Philosophy and the founder of speech-act theory. This book--the first full-length biography of Austin--enhances our understanding of his dominance in 1950s Oxford, examining the significance of his famous Saturday morning seminars, and his sometimes tense relationships with Gilbert Ryle, Isaiah Berlin, A. J. Ayer, and Elizabeth Anscombe. Throwing new light on Austin's own intellectual development, it probes the strengths and weaknesses of his mature philosophy, and reconstructs his late unpublished work on sound symbolism.Austin's philosophical work remains highly influential, but much less well known is his outstanding contribution to British Intelligence in World War Two. The twelve central chapters thus investigate Austin's part in the North African campaign, the search for the V-weapons, the preparations for D-Day, the Battle of Arnhem, and the Ardennes Offensive, and show that, in the case of D-Day, he played a major role in the ultimate Allied victory.While exploring Austin's dramatic and romantic personal history, Rowe pays close attention to his harsh schooling and pre-war affair with a married Frenchwoman; his wartime marriage, bomb injury, and response to a colleague's murder; and his post-war family life, the growing influence of America, and his tragically premature death. Adding considerably to our knowledge of World War Two, and Austin's diverse and enduring influence, this biography reveals the true complexity of his character, and the full range and significance of his achievements.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/84WLTV9S,2023-08-11,M. W. Rowe,Oxford University Press,,2023-08-29T06:53:41Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7126,An inflection point for Australian intelligence: Revisiting the 2004 Flood Report,Report,https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep52701,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3D9B4ZHN,2023-08-01,Chris Taylor,,,2023-08-25T22:14:55Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7127,15 top open-source intelligence tools,Blog post,https://www.csoonline.com/article/567859/what-is-osint-top-open-source-intelligence-tools.html,OSINT (open-source intelligence) is the practice of collecting information from published or otherwise publicly available sources. These tools will help you find sensitive public info before bad guys do.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DJ2DWKKG,2023-08-15,"Josh Fruhlinger, Ax Sharma, John Breeden",,,2023-08-22T11:28:58Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7128,U.S. intelligence says Ukraine will fail to meet offensive’s key goal,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/08/17/ukraine-counteroffensive-melitopol/,"Thwarted by minefields, Ukrainian forces won’t manage to reach the city of Melitopol, a vital Russian transit hub, according to a U.S. intelligence assessment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8YY4IN7Q,2023-08-18,"John Hudson, Alex Horton",,Washington Post,2023-08-18T23:31:34Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7129,Russia recruited operatives online to target weapons crossing Poland,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/08/18/ukraine-weapons-sabotage-gru-poland/,"Russian intelligence recruited Ukrainian refugees in Poland to sabotage weapons shipments to Kyiv, but the effort become another embarassment for the Kremlin.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WAFX6FXK,2023-08-18T06:00:00.141Z,"Greg Miller, Loveday Morris, Mary Ilyushina",,Washington Post,2023-08-18T13:10:03Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7130,Can Private Sector Intelligence Benefit from U.S. Intelligence Community Analytic Standards?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2235078,"The U.S. Director of National Intelligence (DNI)’s 2007 establishment of analytic standards in Intelligence Community Directive (ICD) 203 aided in the professionalization of the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC)’s analytical cadre, enshrining best practices across a diverse field of agencies and driving cultural shifts within and among U.S. IC agencies. Private sector intelligence analysis, although wide-ranging, finds itself in a growth period, driven by the recent pandemic; the increasing importance of environmental, social, and governance movements; and heightened geopolitical strife resulting from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and concern over China’s aggressive foreign policies. To improve efficiency, objectivity, and value, private sector intelligence could benefit from adopting many of the standards set out in ICD 203, although absent a powerful referee like the DNI, training and enforcement of standards will remain a challenge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IVLNKBQE,2023-08-14,"Dorothea Gioe, Jeremey Parkhurst, David V. Gioe",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-08-14T21:11:22Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'R2V36RN8']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2235078,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385812442,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385812442,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2235078?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7131,The Eyes and Ears of the Dragon: Open-Source Intelligence and Chinese Foreign Policy during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01141,"Drawing on recently declassified Chinese sources, this article traces the history of open-source intelligence (OSINT) research in the PRC and discusses its impact on Chinese foreign policymaking during the Cold War. From the time the Fourth Bureau of the Central Investigation Department (CID) was founded, it was headed by veteran intelligence expert Xue Qiao, who collected and analyzed OSINT to produce intelligence estimates for Chinese political leaders. These intelligence estimates covered a host of global and regional topics crucial for Chinese foreign policy, including U.S. politics and foreign policy, decolonization movements in the Third World, and political and economic developments around the world. Available evidence shows that politics and ideology marred the quality of China's OSINT research. When Mao Zedong launched the Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s, the CID's intelligence estimates were distorted to advance his radical political agenda. Later on, China's intelligence research came under attack during Mao's Cultural Revolution. Kang Sheng and other radicals attacked OSINT analysts as traitors, and the CID ceased to function in the late 1960s and 1970s. After Mao's death, the CID was revived, but its intelligence estimates no longer served the new Chinese leader, Deng Xiaoping. Deng's personal tension with CID Director Luo Qingchang, who had criticized him during the Cultural Revolution, hindered the CID's estimates. This political schism in the post-Mao years contributed to the CID's dissolution in 1983.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UHJR6KRG,2023-06-23,"Huajie Jiang, Kazushi Minami",,Journal of Cold War Studies,2023-07-01T07:14:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1162/jcws_a_01141,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4382656358,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4382656358,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/6/article/900747/pdf,1.0 7132,The “Blurriness” of Boundaries between Activity Spheres of Intelligence Agencies as an Amplifier of Power in Russia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2230521,"This article examines the foreign intelligence activities of three Russian spy agencies. Using open sources, it studies the Foreign Intelligence Service, the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, and the Fifth Service of the Federal Security Service. It considers to what extent their respective roles are clearly delineated in legal terms and concludes that these roles overlap to a considerable degree. The “blurriness” of Russian intelligence is an indicator of bureaucratic concentration and amplification of power.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RF6C2S24,2023-07-20,Vadym Chernysh,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-07-26T07:02:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2230521,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4384927574,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7133,"Amid War in Ukraine, Open-Source Intelligence Investigators Need Better Ethics",Magazine article,https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/amid-war-in-ukraine-open-source-intelligence-investigators-need-better-ethics/,Much of the open-source intelligence (OSINT) community ignores ethical questions and the safety risks of reporting discoveries from the war in Ukraine,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AYG9VVRF,2023-05-08,Miron Lakomy,,Scientific American,2023-08-12T08:06:00Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7134,Western Agencies Offer an Open Door for Russian Defectors,Magazine article,https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/07/26/western-intelligence-recruit-russian-defectors/,The CIA and MI6 are promising a trust Moscow lacks.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F5NTA5SX,2023-07-26,"Huw Dylan, David V. Gioe, Daniela Richterova",,Foreign Policy,2023-08-09T10:28:50Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7135,TRUMP TO THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY: YOU’RE FIRED,Book chapter,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7312/ali-20448-015/html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KFJHQSWL,2023-08-03,Richard H. Immerman,Columbia University Press,,2023-08-09T10:24:22Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.7312/ali-20448-015,Chaos Reconsidered: The Liberal Order and the Future of International Politics,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385601347,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7136,‘The Veil of Mystery:’ Imperial Intelligence in the Arabian Peninsula,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2023.2240093,"This article contributes to the growing body of literature on intelligence in empire by examining British and Italian intelligence networks as imperial infrastructures in the Arabian Peninsula. Since the mid-1920s, the British and Italian empires had clashing strategic priorities, conflicting commercial interests, and diverging support for warring local leaders in Arabia. In an effort to limit competition, the British and Italians came to an agreement in early 1927 over their respective spheres of influence in Arabia. Many scholars have brushed over what has become known as the ‘Rome Understanding’ as largely ineffectual and having had little impact on the overall policy of the two empires. Far from being inconsequential, however, the Rome Understanding established a standard over the limits of empire in the Arabian Peninsula and gave rise to an information order in the region designed to enforce it. This article demonstrates that the British and Italians developed imperial intelligence networks as a tool designed to mediate competition and preserve cooperation under the Rome Understanding. I argue that both British and Italian interpretations of intelligence confirmed the policy of cooperation established in Rome.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UNAFGG46,2023-08-03,Jessi A. J. Gilchrist,Routledge,The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History,2023-08-09T10:23:41Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/03086534.2023.2240093,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385519318,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03086534.2023.2240093?needAccess=true&role=button, 7137,Imagining the Future of Intelligence in Open Societies: Venturing beyond Secrecy and Scientific Prophecy as Totalitarian Modes of Modernity,Book chapter,https://muse.jhu.edu/book/100048,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UDRM9H46,2023-07-20,Anna Grutza,Central European University Press,,2023-08-09T10:19:38Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Open Society Unresolved: The Contemporary Relevance of a Contested Idea,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7138,"Trial by Fire - Intelligence Operations during the Vietnam War, 1955–75",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.14232/belv.2023.2.11,"The Vietnam war (1955-75) was a conflict that made its mark on global history. It was a truly multidimensional conflict, where the frontlines were not separate from the heartlands. To bring order to the chaotic situation created by the aftermath of French withdrawal from Indochina, the United States of America decided to involve itself in the pacification of South Vietnam. They wanted to create a stable US-aligned regime which would curtail communist efforts in the region. In order to achieve this, they launched multiple intelligence-gathering and pacification campaigns. But despite the considerable efforts and resources brought to bear, South Vietnam fell to communism in 1975. In this paper, I will give a brief overview of US pacification attempts, and the problems relating to fighting such a difficult battle, where there are no clear sides, and anyone can be a potential enemy. Given the nature of the subject, few such works have been made that attempt to compare the methods listed here.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JFPE45ZH,2023-08-01,Csaba Bence Mezey,,Belvedere Meridionale,2023-08-09T10:15:38Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.14232/belv.2023.2.11,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4389560037,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/82319/1/belvedere_2023_002_149-157.pdf, 7139,"Intelligence, Strategy and Governance in the Twenty-first Century",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2023.2239065,"In Decision Advantage: Intelligence in International Politics from the Spanish Armada to Cyberwar, Jennifer E. Sims seeks to correct popular misconceptions of how espionage operates and rebut the views of those who dismiss its importance in international politics. Examining several well-documented historical cases, she argues that intelligence is widely misunderstood, on the common assumption that it consists of only what intelligence institutions do. With this in mind, she concludes that the proper goal of a government in utilising intelligence should be ‘the orchestration of intelligence in light of the competitive moment’ – ‘orchestration’ being a two-way street where communications pass up and down the chain between decision-makers and intelligence professionals, whom she believes should be encouraged to express strong views. Sims understands that an intelligence community reflects the strengths and weaknesses of the society it represents, and the abilities of the officials appointed to manage it and elected to oversee it. But she remains cautiously optimistic, providing an erudite road map for how ‘decision advantage’ can be realised.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D2WHBVKZ,2023-07-04,Mitchell B. Reiss,Routledge,Survival,2023-08-09T10:14:34Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/00396338.2023.2239065,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385577098,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7140,The Yom Kippur intelligence failure after fifty years: what lessons can be learned?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2235795,"Extensive research has been published about the failure of Israeli intelligence in the Yom Kippur War in 1973, mainly in the context of flawed analysis and strategic surprise. Fifty years after the war, the current article uses an intelligence studies lens to describe major lessons which can be learned from this failure of early warning. Such lessons include the required focus of strategic intelligence on identifying change rather than continuity, the need for explicit analytical methodology beyond inductive reasoning, the importance of integrating assessment of adversary intentions and capabilities, the risk of over-reliance on raw information, and the need for a culture encouraging contrarian thinking.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GP7MUGLJ,2023-08-07,Itai Shapira,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-08-08T21:37:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2235795,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385660728,22.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385660728,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2235795?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7141,Classified and Secret: Understanding the Literature on Diversity in the Intelligence Sector,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad033,"Intelligence services are important sites of contestation, often the foci of reform and calls for greater transparency. Yet, while growing attention has been paid to intersectionality, gender equality reform, and progress in other areas of international affairs, little of this same transparency and attention has been paid to diversity in the intelligence sector. This paper seeks to bridge the gap, comprising a systematic review of the literature on diversity in the intelligence sector to improve our understanding of what is known and what can be known about the history and current make-up of the intelligence sector—and those who “do intelligence work”. By identifying strengths and gaps in the literature and setting an agenda for future research within these “secret institutions”, this paper argues that the lack of transparency, data, and knowledge on the interplay of gender, race, and sexuality, among other aspects of diversity in intelligence, is deeply troubling. It hampers our knowledge of how the sector may be “gendered” or otherwise experienced, as well as how this particular area of the security sector may or may not be integrating gender and other perspectives into their work. This paper finds that diversity in the intelligence and national security sectors is both an asset and a liability to be managed. Diversity is seen as a source of intelligence gathering and analysis strength, as well as a potential threat to hegemonic masculinity in intelligence practice. Further, language and processes for promoting diversity in intelligence can reinforce stereotyped knowledge of marginalized groups that ultimately hamper calls for greater representation, diversity, inclusion, access, and opportunities in the intelligence sector.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JRBJA6J7,2023-09-01,"Elise Stephenson, Susan Harris Rimmer",,International Studies Review,2023-08-07T09:15:23Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1093/isr/viad033,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385368384,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385368384,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://academic.oup.com/isr/article-pdf/25/3/viad033/52316955/viad033.pdf,1.0 7142,Health security intelligence capabilities post COVID-19: resisting the passive “new normal” within the Five Eyes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2231196,"This paper spotlights lessons for health security intelligence across the ‘Five Eyes’ countries. The COVID-19 pandemic and recent worldwide patterns related to climate change have highlighted the crucial supporting role intelligence analysis may play in comprehending, planning for, and responding to such global health threats. In addition to the human lives lost, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed serious national security concerns, notably for economic, societal, and in some cases, political stability. In response, a greater emphasis must be placed on intelligence. The paper has three goals. First, it outlines the major thematic areas where key ‘Five Eyes’ intelligence communities’ (ICs) skills were tested in supporting the management of COVID-19: 1) the origins of SARS-CoV-2, 2) disinformation campaigns, and 3) early warning systems. The article then explores how such factors have impacted ICs’ ability to provide decision-making support during COVID-19. Finally, the article discusses how ‘Five Eyes’ ICs may strengthen capacity in the three crucial areas. The ‘Five Eyes’ ICs must act swiftly but methodically to assess the security-based analytic lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic to maximize preparation for the next inevitable pandemic, whether caused by a natural disaster, climate change, or state or non-state threat actors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WMFP9T8H,2023-08-02,"Patrick F Walsh, James Ramsay, Ausma Bernot",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-08-05T19:52:33Z,['N8VR3BYE'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2231196,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385481094,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385481094,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2231196?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7143,Intelligence and Awareness,Book chapter,https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-the-Future-of-Warfare/Gruszczak-Kaempf/p/book/9781032288901,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UJSU8REL,2023-09-19,Rubén Arcos,Routledge,,2023-08-05T18:37:12Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,Routledge Handbook of the Future of Warfare,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7144,DCI William Colby and the Constitution: Moral Leadership in the “Year of Intelligence”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2234079,"This article explores the leadership ethics of Director of Central Intelligence William Colby within the context of the release of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) “family jewels,” the internal record that listed how the CIA had been involved in a number of illegal activities, including domestic spying. It explores the moral dimension of bureaucratic leadership and illustrates its presence in Colby’s thinking and actions through three indicators: his understanding of the regime values of American democracy; his adherence to his oath of office as a high-ranking civil servant, which he viewed as a positive duty; and his recognition that, in a contest between the executive and legislative branches, counterintuitively, Congress is the party on which the future existence of the CIA rests. Beyond an assessment of Colby’s personal characteristics, this article explores issues of moral leadership in the realm of intelligence and contributes to an understanding of the role of accountability in a fraught political landscape.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JKFRJBX2,2023-07-31,"Frank Leith Jones, Genevieve Lester",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-08-01T06:46:39Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2234079,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385409429,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7145,Intelligence and the Ukraine War: A Brief Review,Journal article,https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/syrlr73&id=529&div=&collection=,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RQTSIZE3,2023,Robert B. Murrett,,Syracuse Law Review,2023-08-01T06:45:41Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7146,Victors’ history: Chinese retrospectives on the Hugh Redmond case,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2023.2237307,"In 1954, a Shanghai court sentenced US national Hugh Redmond to life imprisonment on espionage charges. Found guilty of directing an extensive agent network against Chinese political, economic and military intelligence targets, he remained in custody until his alleged suicide in 1970. Since then, Redmond’s life has been the subject of several Western publications, but detail has been scarce about his reporting requirements, collection methods and the security operation that culminated in his arrest. Drawing on Chinese accounts of the case, this paper addresses these gaps. A picture emerges of non-official cover arrangements flawed from the outset at a time when the US demand for Korean War-related intelligence was at its height. Alerted by doctrine and success against another local CIA operation, Shanghai’s security apparatus moved cautiously against Redmond’s network, obtaining evidence that made the guilty verdict of 1954 inevitable. To Chinese intelligence practitioners, the case provides an exemplary example of how counter-espionage work against the US should proceed in the 21st century. In July 2019, CIA would ‘neither confirm nor deny the existence or non-existence’ of records related to Redmond’s activities in China, and the 50th anniversary of his death in 2020 passed without public official acknowledgement.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AC2VRJTG,2023-07-18,David Ian Chambers,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2023-07-26T07:00:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2023.2237307,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4384662775,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7147,"Loyalty First: The Life and Times of Charles A. Willoughby, MacArthur's Chief Intelligence Officer",Book,https://www.casematepublishing.co.uk/loyalty-first.html,"First full biography of MacArthur's chief intelligence officer Charles Willoughby, reflecting on the consequences of prioritising loyalty to a superior over objectivity of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DWJ3TQRV,2023-07-01,David A. Foy,Casemate Publishers,,2023-07-18T06:15:12Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7148,Britain’s China policy has been completely demolished,Magazine article,https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/britains-china-policy-has-been-completely-demolished/,"China is engaged in a ‘whole of state’ assault on the UK and the government’s approach has been ‘completely inadequate’. That is the devastating verdict of today’s long-awaited report on China by parliament’s Intelligence and Security Committee. The committee accepts that Chinese influence and interference activities may be difficult to detect, but questions whether the",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4CK6JHX8,2023-07-13T13:36:58+00:00,Ian Williams,,The Spectator,2023-07-13T15:32:09Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7149,Insurgencies & organized crime: the essential elements of information,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2023.2227408,"Operational analysis of irregular warfare typically focuses on politically-based actions (typically violent) against governments. Intelligence services very often base their planning, collection efforts, and analysis on opposing insurgent or terrorist groups, proxy forces, and governments that might be supporting them. A key threat to stability in these complex security environments – organized criminal activities – has rarely received similar attention. Using commonalities revealed by patterns of organized crime in multiple regions as a basis for essential elements of information can provide a template for more comprehensive intelligence support and more sophisticated operational strategies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WRCFZV5V,2023-07-04,Lawrence E. Cline,Routledge,Small Wars & Insurgencies,2023-07-09T09:41:51Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/09592318.2023.2227408,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4383105451,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4383105451,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 7150,"Back to the basics: international relations, intelligence, and strategic competition",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129231185363,"As United States foreign policy returns to a focus on great power competition, it is worth reviewing the fundamental theories associated with understanding the threat and its impact on state relations. The social science fields of international relations (IR) and security studies provide the foundational theory and associated concepts for strategic intelligence analysis in this area. The paper addresses four broad theories (realism, liberalism, economic structuralism, and constructivism) and illustrates their impact on policymakers and intelligence analysts as they craft strategy. The author argues for a more explicit inclusion of IR theories, frameworks, and methods in strategic intelligence analysis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LLW6XAAM,2023-07-03,Cathryn Quantic Thurston,SAGE Publications,The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation,2023-07-09T09:41:14Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1177/15485129231185363,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4383069434,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4383069434,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 7151,National Security Agency (NSA): From the Cold War to Post-9/11,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315144511-42/national-security-agency-nsa-j%C3%A1nos-kem%C3%A9ny-scott-romaniuk,"The National Security Agency (NSA) is one of the primer intelligence-gathering agencies of the US Intelligence Community. Although the role of the NSA is focused on gathering SIGINT from foreign sources, in different historical periods, there were notable exceptions to this practice which caused controversy. One of the best-known operations of the NSA was the Venona Project. The crisis that developed due to Soviet missile sites being established on Cuban territory was a failure, as prior to the reconnaissance flight no information gleaned through SIGINT indicated the Soviet efforts. However, tactical SIGINT capabilities remained with the branches of the US armed forces. The post-Cold War political environment, however, meant that the NSA and other members of the Intelligence Community had to contend with budget cuts. There is a close relationship between the NSA and US Cyber Command.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3IVIR9FX,2023-07-07,"János Kemény, Scott N. Romaniuk",CRC Press,,2023-05-25T07:23:36Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'T92JK7A5']",,The Handbook of Homeland Security,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7152,Passive Surveillance,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315144511-86/passive-surveillance-leonard-samborowski,"The collection of information from human sources, also called Human Intelligence (HUMINT), has been a valuable tool for hegemonic states since the Art of War was written around 500 BC. For nations, intelligence collection of enemies is the norm, embedded into statecraft and budget allocation. For nations, intelligence collection of enemies is the norm, embedded into statecraft and budget allocation. Facial recognition is unobtrusive to the user and passively supplied. Information is pulled by the computer software program. As most smart devices have built-in cameras, all that is needed to begin surveillance operations is a subject and a software upgrade. The National Intelligence Community is a well-structured, richly resourced federation of agencies designed to support and defend the citizens of America. They deal with eager customers who willingly fund their own surveillance by the purchase of products and services provided by the corporations that exploit their data.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8RGYPPCI,2023-07-07,Leonard J. Samborowski,CRC Press,,2023-05-25T07:25:17Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,The Handbook of Homeland Security,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7153,The Death of Secret Intelligence? Think Again,Blog post,https://www.rusi.orghttps://www.rusi.org,"While the Ukraine war has seen an explosion in the collection and distribution of open source intelligence, the work of secret intelligence agencies remains as important as ever.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z77V7PTX,2023-07-05,Daniel W. B. Lomas,,,2023-07-07T17:26:30Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7154,What If Sherman Kent Was Wrong? Revisiting the Intelligence Debate of 1949,Blog post,https://warontherocks.com/2020/10/what-if-sherman-kent-was-wrong-revisiting-the-intelligence-debate-of-1949/,There’s little the United States intelligence community holds more sacred than the teachings of Sherman Kent. Widely considered the “father” of American,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F5ZI47ZC,2020-10-01T07:50:45+00:00,Zachery Tyson Brown,,,2023-01-22T16:26:15Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7155,Why Do We Need a New Research Agenda for the Study of Intelligence?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2222342,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YVAHMJBF,2023-07-06,"Hager Ben Jaffel, Sebastian Larsson",,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-07-07T13:10:30Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2222342,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4383313194,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4383313194,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2222342?needAccess=true&role=button,0.0 7156,The impact of COVID-19 on police intelligence reports in the United Kingdom,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2023.2230981,"The coronavirus pandemic affected policing in a number of both anticipated, and unexpected ways. However, the impact on police intelligence remains an unexplored area. Understanding how the pandemic affected the volume of police intelligence is important as it underpins the intelligence-led policing model, which is as a key system that helps drive police activity. In this study, data from 20 police services over a 4-year period that outlines the annual volume of intelligence reports retained by services is analysed using inferential statistics to establish that during 2020 there was a significant rise in intelligence held by the police. In this study, several hypothesis are considered as causal factors that contributed to the rises and conclude that the pandemic is the most likely reason, which is caused by a rise in public order intelligence related to breaches of coronavirus legislation. The impact on the division of labour that arises from tasking such police intelligence is discussed, and the article calls upon similar research on the issuance of coronavirus fixed penalties and stop and search activity during the pandemic, to suggest that the rises have the potential to contribute to the disproportionate targeting of black and minority ethnic communities. We call for further research to explore this further.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JH23BNN2,2023-07-03,Eric Halford,Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-07-04T22:41:57Z,['N8VR3BYE'],10.1080/18335330.2023.2230981,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4383106142,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4383106142,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/18335330.2023.2230981?download=true,1.0 7157,"‘An anarchy of treason’: public history, insider knowledge and the early spy novels of John le Carré",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2225934,"John le Carré is credited with re-defining spy fiction into something widely considered as more ‘authentic’. His work emerged during a period replete with spy scandals and public investigations. This article considers the intersection of the public history of intelligence with le Carré’s early novels, particularly The Spy Who Came in from the Cold. It reveals how the author drew creatively on that public history to shape his narratives and underpin the mood of his stories. Finally, it probes the ‘insider knowledge’ in the stories, illustrating that, contrary to le Carré’s protestations, there exists a demonstrable correspondence between fact and fiction.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y679ILZN,2023-07-03,"Huw Dylan, Alan Burton",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-07-03T12:02:18Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2225934,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4382939289,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4382939289,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2225934?download=true,1.0 7158,Open-Source Intelligence for Detection of Radiological Events and Syndromes Following the Invasion of Ukraine in 2022: Observational Study,Journal article,https://infodemiology.jmir.org/2023/1/e39895,"Background: On February 25, 2022, Russian forces took control of the Chernobyl power plant after continuous fighting within the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Continual events occurred in the month of March, which raised the risk of potential contamination of previously uncontaminated areas and the potential for impacts on human and environmental health. The disruption of war has caused interruptions to normal preventive activities, and radiation monitoring sensors have been nonfunctional. Open-source intelligence can be informative when formal reporting and data are unavailable. Objective: This paper aimed to demonstrate the value of open-source intelligence in Ukraine to identify signals of potential radiological events of health significance during the Ukrainian conflict. Methods: Data were collected from search terminology for radiobiological events and acute radiation syndrome detection between February 1 and March 20, 2022, using 2 open-source intelligence (OSINT) systems, EPIWATCH and Epitweetr. Results: Both EPIWATCH and Epitweetr identified signals of potential radiobiological events throughout Ukraine, particularly on March 4 in Kyiv, Bucha, and Chernobyl. Conclusions: Open-source data can provide valuable intelligence and early warning about potential radiation hazards in conditions of war, where formal reporting and mitigation may be lacking, to enable timely emergency and public health responses.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D9HZV5AG,2023-06-28,"Haley Stone, David Heslop, Samsung Lim, Ines Sarmiento, Mohana Kunasekaran, C. Raina MacIntyre","JMIR Publications Inc., Toronto, Canada",JMIR Infodemiology,2023-07-03T07:02:37Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",10.2196/39895,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4365129597,7.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4365129597,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://infodemiology.jmir.org/2023/1/e39895/PDF,1.0 7159,Intelligence failure in countering terrorism in south Asia: a comparative analysis of Holey Artisan and Easter attacks,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2023.2227188,"Intelligence agencies exist to ensure national security, but the path to attain that goal is filled with numerous unexpected threats and vulnerabilities. This makes intelligence failure often highly likely. This article explores and compares the 2016 Holey Artisan (Bangladesh) and the 2019 Easter (Sri Lanka) attacks from intelligence failure perspectives to understand the fault lines in counterterrorism (CT) efforts in the south Asian context. The article summarises the causes of intelligence failures into three broad yet interconnected themes: failure due to issues within the intelligence activities and agencies, failure leading from policy or direction, and failure arising from psychological forces. This article concludes that poorly coordinated counterterrorism policy, poor internal security and border management apparatus and cognitive limits of the security forces were the causes of the intelligence failure in the Holey Artisan attack. On the other hand, the intelligence failure of the Easter Sunday attacks resulted from political leadership, miscommunication and psychological limits of top intelligence officials, and the intelligence community’s failure to adapt to the emerging security threat of Islamist extremism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/95GZYKI4,2023-06-26,Masrur Mahmud Khan,Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-06-30T07:42:03Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/18335330.2023.2227188,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4382065257,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4382065257,2023.0,2024.0,2023.0,,0.0 7160,The FBI’s Border Coverage (BOCOV) Program and the Ambiguity of Intelligence Missions,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2221825,"Intelligence services must routinely operate in liminal spaces, both operationally and bureaucratically. The Border Coverage (BOCOV) Program of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was a Cold War example of an agency seeking to address the vulnerability inherent to a geographic liminal space. Its implementation of the program illustrated the impact of bureaucratic borders—between the FBI and Central Intelligence Agency and between Intelligence Community (IC) and non-IC agencies. Lessons learned, through the implementation of BOCOV, about interagency relations continue to be applicable as the United States contends with the cyber environment, an even more porous space than the physical U.S.–Mexican border.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8BJI9EXI,2023-06-26,Darren E. Tromblay,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-06-30T07:41:28Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2221825,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4382021367,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7161,Towards a better framework for estimative intelligence – addressing quality through a systematic approach to uncertainty handling,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2023.2216963,"The analytic standards governing the production of intelligence are outlined in a number of Intelligence Community Directives (ICDs). In this paper, we are concerned with ICDs 203, 206 and 208 and, in particular, how these relate to the handling of uncertainty in estimative intelligence. An inductive thematic analysis is employed which identifies several recurring themes. In addition, a conceptual map is developed which highlights relationships and the level of inter-connectedness between the standards. Requirements for improved operationalization of uncertainty handling are also discussed. The question of analytic feasibility is then examined in relation to the five themes extracted from the earlier analysis. The paper concludes that a new framework for uncertainty handling is required and suggests that such a framework should contain a process to assess analytic feasibility from the outset of a study.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KIKM455H,2023-06-22,"Bjorn G. M. Isaksen, Ken R. McNaught",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-06-24T10:02:08Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2216963,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4381889172,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4381889172,2023.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/19886,0.0 7162,"The perils of presidential openness: strikes, secrecy and performative opacity",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2023.2225933,"In a world of increasing openness, secrecy retains its value. Covert operations, including strikes against individuals, can provide intelligence agencies with the ability to operate strategically, while limiting domestic entanglements and international provocation. But presidents increasingly push the boundaries, retrospectively using their decisions performatively for political advantage. This can confront agencies with a dilemma wherein they are pressed to demonstrate the rationale for a covert mission in ways that undermine future operational security. Evidence from the strikes on Osama bin Laden and Iran’s General Soleimani will be used to argue that retrospective briefs designed to enhance legitimacy or prestige are problematic. Instead, these active disclosures, sometimes by senior figures, can lead to a general unravelling of secrecy which has the potential to threaten future operational credibility and effectiveness.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BHPWB8I7,2023-06-22,Ruxandra Oana Vlad,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-06-24T10:01:55Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2225933,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4381856497,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4381856497,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2225933?download=true,0.0 7163,Intelligence Authorization Acts: Their Impact on the Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2023.2214326,"Intelligence Authorization Acts (IAAs), generally passed annually since the late 1970s, are an important tool for Congress to influence the direction of the Intelligence Community (IC). They direct the organizing or reorganizing of IC elements, assign or reassign functions, grant or repeal authorities, prohibit certain actions, establish priorities, require the delivery of reports or briefings, call for notifications, authorize the appropriation of funds, or specify many other activities to improve the effectiveness of U.S. intelligence. This article provides a survey of the IAAs since they were first enacted, highlights key direction to the IC, and shows that they were usually enacted in response to national security issues arising at the time. It also identifies important trends and concludes with a look at the future of IAAs.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3MA7AMLM,2023-06-22,Mark A. Jensen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-06-24T10:01:34Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2214326,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4381889846,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7164,Intelligence and the Military: Introduction,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2023.2215690,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZPSPSEB4,2023-06-22,"Sebastiaan Rietjens, Peter De Werd",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-06-24T10:01:10Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2215690,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4381889614,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4381889614,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2215690?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7165,The changing legal framework of the Australian Intelligence Community: From Hope to Richardson,Journal article,https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/agispt.20211105056423,"Intelligence and security agencies in Australia have been reviewed by judicial inquiries, including two Royal Commissions conducted by Justice RM Hope (1974–1976) and (1983–1985), and later investigations by officials, culminating in the Comprehensive Review (2018–2019) by Mr DJ Richardson. Seeking a balance between civil liberties and suggested security needs, the article traces the two inquiry models. It outlines the dangers presented by the past targeting of communists, homosexuals and political adversaries; the comparative weaknesses of Australia’s constitutional protections for individuals; and the need for regular reviews of such agencies given radical changes in social values, geopolitics, alliances and technology. Reconciling the demands of intelligence and security with democracy and basic rights is never easy and is now increasingly difficult.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4GR2PGLA,2021-10-01,Michael Kirby,Thomson Reuters,AUSTRALIAN LAW JOURNAL,2023-06-24T09:59:37Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.3316/agispt.20211105056423,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7166,Mi̇lli̇ İsti̇hbarat Teşki̇latı (1826-2023) [National Intelligence Organization (1826-2023)],Book,https://kronikkitap.com/kitap/milli-istihbarat-teskilati-1826-2023/,"Modern Türk istihbaratının bilinmeyenlerini keşfedeceğiniz bir yolculuğa hazır olun. İstihbarat tarihçisi Polat Safi, sizleri Türk istihbarat dünyasının derinliklerine götürüyor. 1826’dan 2023’e uzanan yaklaşık iki yüz yıllık bir sürecin merkezine Milli İstihbarat Teşkilatı’nı (MİT) yerleştiriyor.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/23W5584G,2023-06-01,Polat Safi,Kronik Kitap,,2023-06-21T20:24:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7167,The long history of OSINT,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2023.2224091,"This article presents the findings of exploratory research into the origins of OSINT for which it discusses three case studies from, respectively, the United States, Germany and the Netherlands. Many authors writing on open source intelligence assume that the first OSINT practices emerged at the eve of the Second World War with the establishment of the BBC Monitoring Services and the Foreign Broadcast Monitoring Service. Building on existing studies, which are supplemented with original archive research, this article demonstrates that OSINT has a much longer and richer history. Methodical efforts to collect and exploit information from publicly available sources to fulfil intelligence requirements are documented as early as halfway the 19th century in the United States and early 20th century in Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QBN4HWTT,2023-06-14,Ludo Block,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2023-06-15T06:14:55Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/16161262.2023.2224091,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4380589859,21.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4380589859,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3731670/view,0.0 7168,"Thinker, Gaoler, Soldier, and Spy: Sir John Peyton (1544–1630) and Early Modern Intelligence-Brokering in the Tower of London",Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-229X.13365,"Through analysing local administrative records, state administrative records, and personal correspondence, this article demonstrates how Sir John Peyton's role as Lieutenant of the Tower of London (1597–1603) provides us with a hitherto unexamined opportunity for commissioning, extracting, brokering, and obtaining intelligence. In doing so, it makes the case for re-examining the often-overlooked contribution of Elizabethan and Jacobean administrators to the history of intelligence-gathering in early modern England, here focussing on the position of the Lieutenant of the Tower of London.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/94EQKK5L,2023-06-05,Dannielle Shaw,,History,2023-06-15T06:13:04Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1111/1468-229X.13365,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4379798720,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4379798720,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/9a0e4ad6-b390-42c1-bad5-711c7ea15732,2.0 7169,Assessing intelligence oversight: the case of Sweden,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2222534,"The study of intelligence oversight captures the inherently political nature of secret intelligence. However, many studies of intelligence oversight adopt rather instrumentalist views that omit important political aspects of the policy process. Typically, these studies focus on obstacles to effective oversight. This article discusses how the effectiveness of oversight can be assessed by applying broad evaluative categories that contain programmatic, process-related, political, and durability dimensions. Empirically, the study probes the case of Sweden as an illustration. Swedish oversight arrangements have on balance been successful in some dimensions, particularly the programmatic dimension, which arguably also contributed to its relative longevity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TR4F92YP,2023-06-11,Dan Hansén,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-06-12T12:55:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2222534,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4380263792,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4380263792,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2222534?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7170,Spy Ships: One Hundred Years of Intelligence Collection by Ships and Submarines,Book,https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/potomac-books/9781640124752,"Almost from the first days of seafaring, men have used ships for “spying” and intelligence collection. Since early in the twentieth century, with the tec...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7MXVJXD5,2023-07-01,"Norman Polmar, Lee J. Mathers",University of Nebraska Press,,2023-06-10T20:19:31Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7171,HUMINT Operations Abroad: Challenges to Japan’s Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2214325,"The purpose of this article is to explore a rather hypothetical assumption about Japan’s intelligence capabilities and the perspective of the emergence of case officers capable to run human intelligence (HUMINT) operations abroad. To examine this notion, the article first draws on the concept of intelligence culture and defines and analyzes the key attributes of an outstanding case officer as seen by top-tier intelligence agencies. Then, the study provides a brief overview of the historical development of the Japanese experience with HUMINT from the beginning of the twentieth century until the present. The final section dwells in bigger detail on the current state of affairs of Japan’s Intelligence Community and concludes that much importance should be paid to spotting and training the nation’s case officers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AC4LFPU8,2023-06-08,Grigorij Serscikov,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-06-09T11:01:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2214325,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4380051007,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7172,The expansion of the transnational counterterrorism order after 9/11,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2023.2222321,"The September 11 attacks and other large-scale terrorist attacks of that era catalyzed legal and policy responses by governments around the world that served to augment their respective counterterrorism capabilities and the international legal regimes relating to counterterrorism. The collective effect of international reaction to these terrorist attacks on the transnational legal order as it relates to counterterrorism was significant. This article illuminates the ways in which the specific part of the transnational legal order which governs cross-border counterterrorism efforts counterterrorism – the transnational counterterrorism order – expanded and developed after September 11. To do so, this article explores the concept of normative orders and how they develop. This article then focuses on the transnational counterterrorism order and its thickening through the development of specialized institutions and new legal frameworks. This discussion offers insight into how international, domestic, and transnational criminal frameworks in the post-September 11 era have evolved to better facilitate sustained counterterrorism pressure on terrorist groups.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q6D2V5ML,2023-06-08,Dan E. Stigall,Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-06-09T11:00:54Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/18335330.2023.2222321,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4380028395,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7173,Are Intelligence Failures Still Inevitable?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2214328,"There is a paradox that accompanies intelligence failure. Drawn from the work of Richard Betts, one of the most influential scholars in the field of intelligence studies, this paradox is based on two propositions. First, there will always be accurate signals in the “pipeline” before a significant failure of intelligence. Second, intelligence failures are inevitable. Combined, these propositions motivate much intellectual activity in the field of intelligence studies: to devise effective ways to use available information and analysis to avoid failures of intelligence, especially those leading to strategic surprise. This article explores how scholars have addressed these propositions to answer the question: Are intelligence failures still inevitable?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y778S7N8,2023-06-08,James J. Wirtz,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-06-09T11:00:42Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2214328,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4382501119,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4382501119,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2214328?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7174,The Military Legacy of Alexander the Great: Lessons for the Information Age,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003052951/military-legacy-alexander-great-michael-ferguson-ian-worthington,"Placing Alexander the Great's leadership, command skills, and grand strategy within the context of 21st century military challenges, and thus showing continuities in leadership and warfare since his time, this volume demonstrates how and why Alexander is relevant to the modern world by emphasizing the need for human leadership in our digital era. Not only does this volume explore Alexander’s rich military history, but also it provides a robust exploration of the 21st century security environment. Theorists and policymakers will gain insight into how Alexander’s story informs our thinking about peace, war, and strategy, while practitioners and educators will encounter ways to improve their approaches to leader development and building curricula. Ferguson and Worthington set forth these lessons in a thematic framework that organises Alexander’s reign into distinct parts, concluding these with a chapter that brings his lessons into the modern world. 25th National Security Advisor to the president of the United States, Lt. Gen. H.R. McMaster, provides a thoughtful conclusion to this fascinating volume. Alexander’s timeless campaigns remain as germane to this age as any other and demonstrate the critical importance of dynamic leadership and historical studies in an era increasingly dominated by the culture of technology. The Military Legacy of Alexander the Great is expertly written for students and scholars in a variety of disciplines, including Classics, Ancient History, Modern History, Peace Studies, and Military Studies. It is also of great interest to senior defence leaders, military academies, leadership- and management-focused academic programmes, intelligence organizations, and senior service colleges. The volume is also suitable for the general reader interested in warfare, military history, and history more broadly.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NEVRX2EH,2023-11-21,"Michael P. Ferguson, Ian Worthington",Routledge,,2023-06-08T06:53:24Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7175,U.S. had intelligence of detailed Ukrainian plan to attack Nord Stream pipeline,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/06/06/nord-stream-pipeline-explosion-ukraine-russia/,"THE DISCORD LEAKS | The CIA learned last June, via a European spy agency, that a six-person team of Ukrainian special operations forces intended to sabotage the Russia-Germany natural gas pipeline.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KSITVC6U,2023-06-06,"Shane Harris, Souad Mekhennet",,Washington Post,2023-06-06T18:57:33Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7176,Secret partners: the national reconnaissance office and the intelligence-industrial-academic complex,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2219013,"Satellite reconnaissance emerged as an irreplaceable source of U.S. intelligence during the Cold War. The vast resources required to build intelligence satellites quickly transformed space reconnaissance into an industrial-scale activity. Though satellite reconnaissance primarily served policymakers in Washington, two of its critical nodes for research, development, and operations were in Sunnyvale, California and Rochester, New York. In both places, a coalition of scientists and engineers in corporations, universities, and intelligence agencies collaborated to create satellites designed to penetrate the Iron Curtain. These technical experts were critical not only for the development of satellite reconnaissance systems, but also for their operation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3QED3SM3,2023-06-04,Aaron Bateman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-06-06T17:31:12Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2219013,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4379341035,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4379341035,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2219013?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7177,How the CIA failed Iranian spies in its secret war with Tehran,Newspaper article,https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-spies-iran/,Gholamreza Hosseini got caught spying for the CIA in Iran. The story of how he was burned casts light on an epic U.S. intelligence failure.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WWC7TIQC,2022-09-29,"Joel Schectman, Bozorgmehr Sharafedin",,Reuters,2023-06-05T07:27:22Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7178,Cyber-enabled tradecraft and contemporary espionage: assessing the implications of the tradecraft paradox on agent recruitment in Russia and China,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2216035,"The acquisition of clandestine human sources – or agents – inside Russia and China likely remains the key priority for Western HUMINT agencies, and yet their ability to do this safely is quickly waning. This paper considers the utility of cyberspace for espionage recruitment in these two hard target states, and assesses its value as a potential solution to emerging surveillance threats. With the aid of history, this paper proposes that hard target espionage is fundamentally afflicted by a tradecraft paradox, one that will severely curtail the utility of cyberspace to agent recruitment.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/96R32VD9,2023-06-02,Kyle S. Cunliffe,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-06-03T17:26:39Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2216035,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4379185085,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4379185085,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2216035?needAccess=true&role=button,2.0 7179,How intelligence tales are made real: Le Bureau des légendes as a cover story for the French DGSE,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2216964,"The French spy series Le Bureau des légendes (2015–2020) has been acclaimed for its allegedly realistic depiction of French foreign intelligence. Drawing on the concept of ‘legend’, this article adapts actor-network theory to understand how Le Bureau was able to make a significant impact on public discussions of secret intelligence in France. The article shows how the series, was constituted as a ‘virtually true’ cover story for the Direction générale de la sécurité extérieure (DGSE), which supported the series’ production, and how this story impacted the DGSE itself.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PHP496LN,2023-06-02,"Joakim Brattvoll, Vic Castro",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-06-03T17:26:12Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2216964,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4379161943,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://hdl.handle.net/1814/75695, 7180,"Growth, diversification, and disconnection: an analysis of 70 years of intelligence scholarship (1950-2020)",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2219534,"Intelligence studies scholarship is growing exponentially but is siloed in disciplinary clusters. After reviewing a citation dataset of nearly 6,000 articles on intelligence, we found that article-based scholarship on intelligence is growing at an exponential rate – the last ten years (2010–2020) saw more knowledge production in scholarship than the previous sixty years combined (1950–2010). The topics under investigation have diversified into three major areas: the study of intelligence services, the ‘how to’ of intelligence practice, and the impact of intelligence on society. Our analyses of topics and core co-authorship networks show productive but disconnected islands between disciplines. We argue a shift towards more interdisciplinary research could narrow these gaps and make intelligence scholarship more impactful.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H3CYGMIE,2023-06-02,"Stephen Coulthart, Abebe Rorissa",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-06-03T17:25:14Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'H28QZ8XV', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2219534,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4379160802,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4379160802,2023.0,2024.0,2023.0,,0.0 7181,A “Mirror for All Traitors”. Captured Ciphertexts from a Portuguese Spy in Dutch Brazil (1646),Conference paper,https://ecp.ep.liu.se/index.php/histocrypt/article/view/693,"A deciphering report found in the National Archives at The Hague presents an intriguing story. A Portuguese spy inside the walls of Recife gathered information about the Dutch defences and wrote it in encrypted letters addressed to the Portuguese rebels that besieged the heart of the Dutch West India Company (WIC) administration in Brazil. The encrypted letters were delivered to the Dutch authorities, who summoned a Jewish cryptanalyst to read them. The report of Abraham de Pina contains a detailed description of the process he used to decipher these letters and presents the complete content of all four ciphertexts. In this paper, we will reconstruct the events of this case and analyze the design of the nomenclature cipher used by the Portuguese rebels. We also will present the flow of information of these intercepted letters within the WIC in Brazil and between them and their company superiors, the Gentlemen XIX, in the Netherlands.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MUIBALG2,2023-05-30,"Jörgen Dinnissen, Hugo Araújo",,,2023-06-02T14:29:35Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.3384/ecp195693,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4381278838,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4381278838,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://ecp.ep.liu.se/index.php/histocrypt/article/download/693/599,2.0 7182,Canada's Defence Intelligence Toolkit,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/5408,"On November 22, 2022, Lane Anker, Acting Assistant Chief of Defence Intelligence (ACDI) Canadian Forces Intelligence Command (CFINTCOM), presented on Canada's Defence Intelligence Toolkit. The key points discussed were the role and structure of CFINTCOM, the major global disruption points impacting Canada, and the means available to Canadian defence intelligence to address these challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KY87466G,2023-05-31,Lane Anker,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-06-02T11:05:54Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.21810/jicw.v6i1.5408,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4378902089,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/5408/4481, 7183,"A seat at the president’s table? Lyndon Johnson, the CIA, and the Six Day War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2208317,"The scholarly consensus regarding the CIA and the Six Day War holds that the Agency’s intelligence enjoyed a clear impact on President Johnson’s policy and thereafter markedly improved the White House-Langley relationship. Yet this narrative places excessive emphasis on the role of the Agency, while additionally overlooking several other international and domestic contextual factors that would have informed Johnson’s policy decision-making. Subsequently, evidence also suggests that Johnson’s relationship with the CIA and its intelligence did not improve after June 1967, and that DCI Helms did not become a close confidant of the President.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TAY7RZ9Y,2023-06-01,Ronan P. Mainprize,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-06-02T10:19:34Z,['DHLN8GE4'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2208317,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4379143858,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2023.2208317?needAccess=true&role=button, 7184,A sliding scale of secrecy: toward a better understanding of the role of publicity in offensive cyber operations,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2023.2184708,"In recent years, offensive cyber operations are becoming another tool among many in the diplomatic toolbox of states, with countries discussing cyberattacks more openly than before. This change in practice from covertness to openness warrants a closer look at the interests and motivations of countries in ‘going public’.This paper offers a conceptual framework for understanding why attackers and defenders might choose publicity over secrecy, and analyzes the possible outcomes of choosing each. The framework is examined through a series of mutual cyberattacks and intrusions between Iran and Israel during 2020–2021 serving as an illustrative case study.The research demonstrates that each strategy along the axis spanning from silence to full publicity and attribution is enabled by, or serves, a particular set of circumstances on both the defender and attacker’s sides. Each combination reflects a particular dynamic, demonstrating that the choice of strategy is more evolved than an outdated silence-or-publicity perception.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EV2DR9CK,2022-09-02,Gil Baram,Routledge,Journal of Cyber Policy,2023-05-30T20:04:44Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/23738871.2023.2184708,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4323364330,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4323364330,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,,1.0 7185,A Contingency Approach to Public Sector Performance Management: The Case of the Canadian Intelligence Community,Thesis,http://ruor.uottawa.ca/handle/10393/44961,"Countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development have experienced a decline in citizens' trust in government in the last few decades. In response, public administration shifted from traditional public administration to New Public Management (NPM) with the goal of increasing trust in government by trying to make government more responsive, work better, and cost less. An important element of NPM is the reliance on managerialism's application of private sector solutions such as performance management whose assumed strength is that it can deliver on efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability. An underlining basis of private sector imports into the public sector environment is that they are based on universalism – the existence of general laws irrespective of the situation or circumstance. Often, referred to as a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. However, after a few decades of implementing performance management based on universalistic principles the evidence suggests that performance management has not fully met expectations. Contrasting universalism is particularism - meaning that different rules and applications will depend on the situation, in other words, context matters. In short, 'no best way'. To explore the universalism vs particularism debate, this research uses the Management Accountability Framework (MAF) which is a Canadian government's long-standing performance management tool. The MAF serves as a proxy for a one-size-fits-all approach to performance management. With regards to particularism, this research employs a contingency approach as the theoretical basis to explore performance management. The contingency approach is premised on three core concepts: external contingent factors, internal contingent factors, and fit. The Canadian Intelligence Community (IC) is used as the case study to explore the primary question of whether a universalism-based or a particularism-based approach is better suited for performance management in the public sector? In seeking an answer to this question, two additional sub-questions are explored. First, what makes the IC different from the other policy domains? Second, what is the fit between the MAF and the IC's contingent factors? To answer these questions, data collection consisted of content analysis of documents as well as interviews with senior officials. Findings from this exploratory study reveal that universalism-based approaches to performance management should at the very least be complemented by particularism considerations. The IC was found to be different from other policy domains in terms of both external and internal contingent factors. The former consists of the threat environment, the legislative framework, and the external expectations of the IC. The latter consists of the intelligence process, the intelligence product, intelligence and secrecy, and the IC as a high reliability organization. It was found that there was more misfit than fit between the MAF and the IC's contingency factors. In exploring these questions, this research contributes concurrently to the public administration and intelligence studies literature in a number of ways. For instance, evidence that universalism-based approach to performance management does not always deliver what it promises, being able to intersect intelligence studies and public administration which is currently lacking, examining the 'hidden' parts of the public sector (i.e., the IC) that tends to be ignored in public administration, peering into the 'black box' of public sector organizations' management tools, the exploration of how practitioners use management tools, analyzing public sector organizations operating in a complex environment, adding to a limited non-historical contemporary Canadian IC literature, looking at the IC's performance-related issues that goes beyond the overwhelming intelligence failure literature. In addition to contributing to knowledge, the research highlights the importance of performance management and intelligence in relation to society.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/92U42SUD,2023-05-17,Giuseppe Faragone,,,2023-05-29T23:11:21Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.20381/ruor-29167,,Master's Thesis,Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa,,,,,,,,, 7186,Military Intelligence: Ill-Defined and Understudied,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2187190,"Despite being centrally important, military intelligence remains understudied and undertheorized. This negligence stems partly from its unclear definition and the difficult differentiation between “civilian” and “military” intelligence. The available official definitions serve instrumental purposes rather than compelling lines of reasoning and reflect the complex and heterogeneous structure of national military intelligence architectures. By using classical intelligence studies approaches, it is possible to get a better understanding of the various ways in which military intelligence can be defined. But such an approach must be complemented by an appreciation of five classic points of “bureaucratic contention” that influence how states define the role of military intelligence within their wider Intelligence Community. These are divided mandates, adequate warfighter support, consistency of national intelligence assessments, intellectual independence and rigor within military intelligence, and the optimal organization and integration of military expertise.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NJ7934K8,2023-05-24,"Alessandro Scheffler, Jan-Hendrik Dietrich",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-05-25T22:47:44Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2187190,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4377967096,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4377967096,2025.0,2026.0,2023.0,,2.0 7187,The Phantom Eye: New Zealand and the Five Eyes,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2212557,"New Zealand’s involvement in the Five Eyes is under-reported in academic and general literature. New Zealand’s participation was initially due to its integration within World War II western alliance intelligence systems, which evolved further after the war ended. Once in, New Zealand’s role became something of a self-fulfilling prophecy, but genuine nonetheless. Changes in communications technology, access to US technical capability, and geopolitical changes in the Pacific have all led to a viable New Zealand role in Five Eyes, as both contributor and beneficiary. But to retain this, New Zealand must increase its foreign intelligence capability in the future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FZR9TMFD,2023-05-20,"John Battersby, Rhys Ball",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-05-22T19:57:53Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2212557,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4377137408,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4377137408,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,,0.0 7188,In the Shadow of the KGB: Legacy of Czechoslovak Intelligence (1948–1989),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2204995,"Although Czechoslovak foreign intelligence operated in dozens of countries throughout the world between 1948 and 1989, interfering significantly in their political development in some cases, it is still a neglected actor in the history of the secret services. The aim of this study is to clarify the nature of Czechoslovak foreign intelligence and to assess its activities and the types of intelligence work on which it focused. In addition to the organizational structure and its changing face during the various phases of the Cold War, this study also focuses on the most important intelligence operations run by Czechoslovak intelligence abroad, its links to the Soviet State Committee for Security, and its collaboration with other Eastern bloc intelligence services. The second part of this study focuses on the processes leading to the declassification of intelligence documents after the collapse of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia and outlines how to critically interpret and evaluate these surviving archive materials in Cold War history research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YQ76FHQP,2023-05-18,"Petr Kaňák, Jan Koura",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-05-22T19:56:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2204995,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4377047308,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4377047308,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2204995?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7189,Lawrence of Arabia on war: How the past haunts the present,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/lawrence-of-arabia-on-war-how-the-past-haunts-the-present/,The Lawrence legend continues to win new devotees while his pragmatic contribution to warfare is neglected.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MMEIEWPW,2020-06-29,Rob Johnson,,,2023-05-22T19:55:17Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7190,"Neighborhood Trouble: Popular Unrest and Expressions of Dissatisfaction in Diplomatic Reporting Between Denmark and Sweden, 1622–1624",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003251613-8/neighborhood-trouble-miriam-r%C3%B6nnqvist-nils-erik-villstrand,"This chapter investigates the first two diplomatic residents between Denmark and Sweden in the first half of the 1620s. The two countries fought for dominance over the Baltic Sea, with Denmark’s leading role increasingly challenged by Sweden under Gustav Adolf. Both governments were interested in insider information about their opponents, especially their weaknesses, such as political unrest and revolt. In this respect, the main function of the residents was not representation or cultivation of friendship but gathering information and spying on the enemy. Peder Galt worked in Stockholm as a resident for the Danish crown. In contrast, the Swedish government did not send its resident Anders Svensson to the Danish capital but to the city of Elsinore, as toll commissioner for the Sound, which played a decisive geostrategic role. Both residents were primarily tasked with acquiring relevant military information, and both sides also tried to build up a network of informants to obtain secret information. Interestingly, both governments commented on and criticized the dispatches of their diplomatic guests, thus making it clear that they were able to intercept the letters before letting them through to the actual addressees, that is, the hostile neighboring court. The chapter analyzes the informational policies and conflicts that resulted from them and discusses how the two diplomatic residents characterized their host societies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/96NWG4M5,2023-06-29,"Miriam Villstrand, Nils Erik Rönnqvist",Routledge,,2023-05-18T19:41:17Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,Rebellion and Diplomacy in Early Modern Europe,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7191,"Intelligence, Militarism, and Militarization in Latin America and the Caribbean Region",Journal article,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/03043754231175241,"Although the political landscape of Latin American and the Caribbean region is changing, intelligence democratization remains a constant challenge. The majority of the countries in the region have not achieved a tradeoff between operational effectiveness and democratic transparency and accountability. Militarism and militarization policies and practices?along with weak and ineffective institutions and corrupt, apathetic, and inexpert leaders?greatly contribute to this constant challenge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VWWCTYFE,2023-05-15,Florina C. Matei,SAGE Publications Inc,Alternatives,2023-05-18T19:42:47Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1177/03043754231175241,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4376601449,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376601449,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7192,Early Cold War intelligence paper mills: the case of the Association of Hungarian Veterans,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2023.2191948,"During the early Cold War, it was difficult for American intelligence to penetrate the Iron Curtain but a potential solution soon arose: émigré intelligence groups such as the Magyar Harcosok Bajtársi Közössége (MHBK) or ‘Association of Hungarian Veterans’. This group, however, turned out to be an intelligence ‘paper mill’. Attempts at trans-Atlantic cooperation with the MHBK and similar groups failed as they lost most of their good sources and were penetrated by communist security services. By the mid-1950s, US intelligence cut these groups off, took over their good sources, and established a source registry to prevent recurrence of the problem.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X2449BS5,2023-05-14,"Katalin Kádár Lynn, Mark Stout",Routledge,Cold War History,2023-05-17T14:07:21Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/14682745.2023.2191948,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4376562110,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7193,Fighting the Anti-Red Menace: Britain’s Cold War against Kenneth de Courcy,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2023.2177940,"Throughout the 1940s and into the early 1950s, the British government sought through various means to curtain the activities of a journalist and a self-described private intelligence officer named Kenneth de Courcy. The objective of this consorted campaign was to discover de Courcy’s sources and to limit his influence on current affairs. The methods employed in this pursuit were unethical, conspiratorial, and at times illegal. They represent a form of governmental malfeasance that hitherto has rarely been noted in the existing historiography covering the period. This overlooked episode calls into question the long-standing narrative that British authorities of the time considered communist spies as the primary threat to continued governmental secrecy, especially because few suspected Soviet agents were investigated and harassed to the same degree as this dedicated anticommunist and self-described committed patriot.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FENWEPQU,2023-05-16,Matthew Gerth,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-05-17T13:40:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2177940,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4376641843,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7194,The Regulation of Intelligence Activities under International Law,Book,https://www.elgaronline.com/monobook/book/9781803927084/9781803927084.xml,"Presenting a thorough examination of intelligence activities in international law, Sophie Duroy provides theoretical and empirical justifications to support the cutting-edge claim that states’ compliance with international law in intelligence matters serves their national security interests. This book theorises the regulation of intelligence activities under international law, identifying three layers of regulation: a clear legal framework governing intelligence activities (legality); a capacity to enforce state responsibility (accountability); and the integration of legality and accountability into responsive regulation by the international legal order (compliance).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A8Z3CP7S,2023-05-23,Sophie Duroy,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2023-05-16T07:52:08Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7195,Personnel Management in Secret Service Organizations,Book,https://www.elgaronline.com/monobook/book/9781035301256/9781035301256.xml,"While the careers of secret agents have inspired many genres of popular culture, relatively little research has been carried out until now on spying as a profession. Through the lens of personnel management, the authors offer a unique and compelling analysis of secret service employee biographies and autobiographies, giving the reader an improved understanding of people management in all organisations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NG2R2BI6,2023-05-05,"Barbara Czarniawska, Sabina Siebert, John Mackay",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2023-05-16T07:49:00Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7196,Five Eyes strategic interests in Antarctica: implications of contemporary Russian and Chinese strategy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2023.2205239,"Geopolitical tension in the Antarctic is not a new feature, and the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) is not about to crumble.1 Nevertheless, the region is slowly shaping to become a ‘contested space’2 in the presence of Russia and China. Taken individually and together, Moscow’s and Beijing’s postures and actions in Antarctic affairs are reshuffling the cards of good governance and consensus-based decisions in the ATS. Of particular interest is the relationship both countries have towards Antarctic affairs and the challenge they represent individually and jointly for the Five Eyes and its intelligence community. This article examines the respective Antarctic strategies of Russia and China. It then considers both Moscow and Beijing’s assessment of the Antarctic Treaty System in terms of its utility and durability. The article compares and contrasts the two states approaches to Antarctica to consider the implications for Five Eyes (FVEY) intelligence community. It concludes that within FVEY countries, keeping unity and coherence within the ATS is the best way to contain Russia’s and China’s regional ambitions – provided necessary measures are in place to keep track of their activities there.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IGVI8PMY,2023-05-09,Mathieu Boulègue,Routledge,The Polar Journal,2023-05-13T14:18:26Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/2154896X.2023.2205239,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4375944698,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4375944698,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 7197,Spies: The Epic Intelligence War Between East and West,Book,https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Spies/Calder-Walton/9781668000694,"The riveting, secret story of the hundred-year intelligence war between Russia and the West with lessons for our new superpower conflict with China. Spies is the history of the secret war that Russia and the West have been waging for a century. Espionage, sabotage, and subversion were the Kremlin’s means to equalize the imbalance of resources between the East and West before, during, and after the Cold War. There was nothing “unprecedented” about Russian meddling in the 2016 US presidential election. It was simply business as usual, new means used for old ends. The Cold War started long before 1945. But the West fought back after World War II, mounting its own shadow war, using disinformation, vast intelligence networks, and new technologies against the Soviet Union. Spies is an inspiring, engrossing story of the best and worst of mankind: bravery and honor, treachery and betrayal. The narrative shifts across continents and decades, from the freezing streets of St. Petersburg in 1917 to the bloody beaches of Normandy; from coups in faraway lands to present-day Moscow where troll farms, synthetic bots, and weaponized cyber-attacks being launched on the woefully unprepared West. It is about the rise and fall of eastern superpowers: Russia’s past and present and the global ascendance of China. Mining hitherto secret archives in multiple languages, Calder Walton shows that the Cold War started earlier than commonly assumed, that it continued even after the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991, and that Britain and America’s clandestine struggle with the Soviet government provides key lessons for countering China today. This fresh reading of history, combined with practical takeaways for our current great power struggles, make Spies a unique and essential addition to the history of the Cold War and the unrolling conflict between the United States and China that will dominate the 21st century.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MKS5UFVQ,2023-06-06,Calder Walton,Simon & Schuster,,2023-05-13T08:33:05Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7198,Clandestine communications in cyber-denied environments,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2023.2209578,"Both intelligence operatives and criminals have a constant need to be able to communicate clandestinely, circumventing surveillance efforts carried out by highly capable adversaries. The recent highly-publicized breaches of internet-based clandestine communications technology and targeted malware attacks, in combination with increasingly sophisticated methods for surveillance of internet traffic has arguably resulted in a cyber-denied environment. This paper employs a red-teaming approach to explore how clandestine communications can be structured using platforms that are physically separated from the internet and thus not vulnerable to internet-based surveillance or attacks. Recent developments in computer-based radio software can be combined with legacy radio technology to provide robust solutions for clandestine communications in a cyber-denied environment. Drawing on case studies from the Cold War, contemporary observations of clandestine radio networks in use today, and technical tests carried out by the authors, this paper stresses the importance for counterintelligence and law enforcement to be prepared for a potential shift in how clandestine communications are implemented by both hostile intelligence services and organized crime. Finally, the paper addresses the issue of proactively countering these techniques by presenting concrete methods for use by counterintelligence and law enforcement to detect radio-based clandestine communications and secure evidence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T4FJBNXC,2023-05-12,"Tony Ingesson, Magnus Andersson",Routledge,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-05-13T08:21:36Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/18335330.2023.2209578,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4382867252,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/18335330.2023.2209578?needAccess=true&role=button, 7199,“If You Have a Hammer…”: Shaping the Armed Forces’ Discourse on Information Maneuver,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2197560,"The dawn of cyberspace has been conducive to unlocking the potential of the information environment. As a result, armed forces embrace concepts of engagement in the information environment, in cyberspace, and especially in information maneuver—the concept of generating effects in the information environment. Unfortunately, some within the military remit perceive information maneuver as the “2.0 version” of existing intelligence capabilities emphasizing the digitization of the battlefield. While enhanced intelligence, understanding, and decisionmaking are essential, information maneuver is, above all, a means to act and generate effects in the cognitive, virtual, or physical dimension similar to deception, propaganda, or covert actions. The concept of information maneuver must not be seen as an “add on” to existing capabilities within the military instrument of power but instead as a way of exerting power and achieving effects within the remit of information as an instrument, away from the traditional physical military approach to conduct operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WJX4QU6Y,2023-05-11,"Peter B.M.J. Pijpers, Paul A.L. Ducheine",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-05-13T08:21:16Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2197560,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4376134147,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376134147,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2023.2197560?needAccess=true&role=button,2.0 7200,Science and Stovepipes: The Covid/Climate Mandate for Intelligence Analysis and Education,Journal article,https://jsire.org/no-14-science-and-stovepipes-the-covid-climate-mandate-for-intelligence-analysis-and-education/,"Intelligence education and practice require significant adaptations to the global heating crisis, pandemic disease, and environmental threats. The latter are now and will increasingly influence traditional national security, yet most security analysis focuses almost exclusively on human agency, not complex environmental risks. This unique era in human history possesses unprecedented “wicked” security drivers altering more familiar international economic, geopolitical, and military variables. The security drivers present an acute cultural, intellectual, and institutional adaptation problem. The Intelligence Community (IC) community remains limited by bureaucratic tribalism, inertia, predictable human cognitive security biases, and fundamental knowledge gaps. U.S. politically driven controversies about climate and pandemics threaten its professional analytical effectiveness. The IC must go beyond business-as-usual incrementalism toward much greater interdisciplinary integration of science and natural systems into intelligence education and practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H6QQ9UVI,2023-05-13,"Terry O'Sullivan, James Ramsay",,"Journal of Security, Intelligence, and Resilience Education",2023-05-13T08:14:37Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7201,How to Survive a Crisis: Lessons in Resilience and Avoiding Disaster,Book,https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/448107/how-to-survive-a-crisis-by-omand-david/9780241995419,"We never know when a crisis might explode. Some 'sudden impact' events, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters, blow up out of a clear blue sky. Other 'slow burn' crises smoulder away for years, often with warning signs ignored along the way until, as if from nowhere, the troops storm the palace. In How to Survive a Crisis, Professor Sir David Omand draws on his experience in defence, security and intelligence, including as Director of GCHQ and UK Security and Intelligence Coordinator, to show how you can detect a looming crisis and extinguish it (or at least survive it with minimum loss). Using gripping real-world examples from Omand's storied career, and drawing lessons from historic catastrophes such as Chernobyl, 9/11, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the WannaCry ransomware cyberattack, this empowering book is filled with practical advice on how to survive the multiplying crises of the future. Not every crisis need tip into disaster - if we have invested in personal, business and national resilience. This is an essential toolkit for our turbulent twenty-first century, as well as an exhilarating read for anyone interested in the state of our world - and how we might improve it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/76RC498L,2023-06-01,David Omand,Penguin,,2023-05-11T17:28:57Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7202,“The Tea Merchant Has Returned”: The Intelligence Activities of the Chinese Consulate-General in Geneva,Book chapter,https://brill.com/display/book/9789004544192/BP000013.xml,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E4HTXD77,2023-04-26,Ariane Knüsel,Brill,,2023-05-11T07:05:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1163/9789004544192_006,Consuls in the Cold War,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4375944579,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7203,Profiles in intelligence: an interview with John Ferris,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2198799,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6XURI2RD,2023-05-08,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-05-11T07:04:12Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2198799,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4375866100,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7204,Israel at 75: how inept British intelligence failed to contain Jewish independence groups,Blog post,http://theconversation.com/israel-at-75-how-inept-british-intelligence-failed-to-contain-jewish-independence-groups-205326,A series of poor decisions in the face of Jewish manoeuvring led to the end of the British mandate in Palestine and the creation of the Israeli state.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8WGCQ7GC,2023-05-10,Steven Wagner,,,2023-05-10T22:44:42Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7205,The intelligence politics of early congressional oversight of CIA,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2181907,"This paper offers an alternative to the conventional wisdom about early congressional oversight of the CIA. It focuses on congressional structures, how they influenced the development of intelligence oversight, the intelligence politics that grew out of these structures and the growth in congressional interest in CIA’s analysis and collection. Moving beyond questions about whether intelligence oversight was sufficient, this paper shows how CIA analysis and collection became an input for legislative decision-making through oversight and highlights the key role congressional staff played in overseeing the CIA. It also examines how Congress used Agency information to check or support the executive branch, as well as how the executive branch influenced congressional oversight development.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L3FVEP7P,2023-05-09,Jason U. Manosevitz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-05-10T19:22:45Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2181907,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4376117812,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376117812,2023.0,2023.0,2023.0,,0.0 7206,"‘Making the intelligence product of greater use to those for whom it is produced’: lessons from the National Security Council Intelligence Committee, 1971–1976",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2205626,"This article examines the role played by the National Security Council Intelligence Committee (NSCIC) and its working group in responding to senior policymaker criticism of IC analytic products. Established in December 1971 and abolished four years later, the NSCIC has received scant attention from intelligence historians despite representing in some ways the most ambitious initiative ever attempted to involve consumers in determining what intelligence was produced and evaluating its quality and usefulness. The NSCIC’s problematic history highlights the challenges still confronting the IC and the study of it may suggest ways to make future intelligence products more useful to consumers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N84C4MW3,2023-05-09,James Marchio,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-05-10T19:22:10Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2205626,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4376113895,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4376113895,2025.0,2026.0,2023.0,,2.0 7207,Intelligence and the State: Analysts and Decision Makers,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/intelligence-and-state,"In the eighty years since Pearl Harbor, the United States has developed a professional intelligence community that is far more effective than most people acknowledge—in part because only intelligence failures see the light of day, while successful collection and analysis remain secret for decades. Intelligence and the State explores the relationship between the community tasked to research and assess intelligence and the national decision makers it serves. The book argues that in order to accept intelligence as a profession, it must be viewed as a non-partisan resource to assist key players in understanding foreign societies and leaders. Those who review these classified findings are sometimes so invested in their preferred policy outcomes that they refuse to accept information that conflicts with preconceived notions. Rather than demanding that intelligence evaluations conform to administration policies, a wise executive should welcome a source of information that has not “drunk the Kool-Aid” by supporting a specific policy decision. Jonathan M. House offers a brief overview of the nature of national intelligence, and especially of the potential for misperception and misunderstanding on the part of executives and analysts. Furthermore, House examines the rise of intelligence organizations first in Europe and then in the United States. In those regions fear of domestic subversion and radicalism drove the need for foreign surveillance. This perception of a domestic threat tempted policy makers and intelligence officers alike to engage in covert action and other policy-based, partisan activities that colored their understanding of their adversaries. Such biases go far to explain the inability of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to predict and deal effectively with their opponents.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9BERJ2HE,2022-04-15,Jonathan M. House,U.S. Naval Institute Press,,2023-05-09T18:42:52Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7208,Branching Out: Factors Motivating Nondemocratic Use of Commodity Spyware,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2202345,"Utilizing a conceptual framework of branching in—the ability of the state to utilize internal assets and mechanisms—and branching out—the solicitation of external services—this article introduces several criteria that states must fulfill in order to branch in, namely infrastructure control, offensive cyber capability, and sufficient resources. Subsequently, failure to meet one or more of these criteria forces a branch out toward commodity spyware. Nuances in this argument and the inherent features of commodity spyware also highlight the use of such services even by “branch-in capable” states. The findings within this article offer a broad overview of the factors predilecting state use of commodity spyware, with general applications for both nondemocratic and democratic states.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HGA3ZCCP,2023-05-08,Katharine Palmer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-05-09T18:26:56Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2202345,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4375853374,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7209,Parliamentary Intelligence Oversight in Romania: Between Consolidation and Controversy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2202344,"Romania represents one of the paradigmatic cases where security sector reform proceeded quickly after the collapse of the communist regime in 1989. The former Securitate was one of the most repressive intelligence services in the communist bloc and drastic reform was necessary in order to establish an efficient and trusted domestic intelligence service. Previous research by Bruneau and Matei highlighted the important steps that Romania has undertaken over the past years and argued that an efficient and robust oversight system has been built. This article addresses contemporary debates on factors triggering reform in parliamentary intelligence and focuses on Romania’s 2017 reforms. These reforms can be analyzed through the application of the “fire alarm/police patrol” model developed by Loch K. Johnson for changes in congressional oversight. By increasing and clarifying the power of the Joint Standing Committee for the Oversight of the Romanian Intelligence Service, the 2017 changes brought more clarity and more accountability to the oversight system. After 2017, the committee reverted to a “police patrol model” focusing on visits to intelligence sites and meetings with high-level intelligence officials.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U8MD5Q2Z,2023-05-08,Valentin Stoian,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-05-09T18:26:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2202344,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4375853318,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4375853318,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 7210,Break in the Chain - Intelligence Ignored: Military Intelligence in Vietnam and Why the Easter Offensive Should Have Turned out Differently,Book,https://www.casematepublishers.com/9781612009919/break-in-the-chain-intelligence-ignored/,"For the first two weeks of the Easter Offensive of 1972, the 571st Military Intelligence Detachment provided the only pertinent collateral intelligence available to American forces. Twice daily, the Detachment provided intelligence to the USS Buchanan (DDG-14), US Navy SEALS, and Special Forces units including tactical and strategic forecasts of enemy movements, information that was otherwise unavailable to U.S. units and advisors in-country. In the weeks before the offensive, vital agent reports and verbal warnings by the 571st MI Detachment had been ignored by all the major commands; they were only heeded, and then only very reluctantly, once the Offensive began. This refusal to listen to the intelligence explains why no Army or USMC organizations were on-call to recover prisoners discovered or U.S. personnel downed behind enemy lines, as in the BAT-21 incident, as the last two Combat Recon Platoons in Vietnam had been disbanded six weeks before the offensive began. The lessons and experiences of Operation Lam Son 719 in the previous year were ignored, especially with regard to the NVA’s tactical use of tanks and artillery. In his memoir, Bob Baker, the only trained military intelligence analyst with the 571st MI Detachment in 1972, reveals these and other heroics and blunders during a key moment in the Vietnam War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DZ99MJ3N,2021-08-03,W. R. Baker,Casemate,,2022-12-05T09:53:34Z,"['BHVIFBRH', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7211,"The German Secret Field Police in Greece, 1941–1944",Book,https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/the-german-secret-field-police-in-greece-1941-1944/,"The Geheime Feldpolizei (Secret Field Police) was the political police force of the German Army during World War II. Its members were drawn from both the regular German police, including detectives, and various Nazi security organizations. The goals of the GFP were numerous and included protecting important political and military leaders; investigating black market activities as well as acts of sabotage and espionage; locating deserters; examining anti–German activists and hunting down partisans. While performing these duties, GFP members immersed themselves in criminal activities. This book focuses on the function of the GFP in Greece compared to that of the GFP elsewhere in Europe.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KDWXR3PT,2018-01-01,Antonio J. Muñoz,McFarland,,2023-05-09T08:18:16Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7212,Guilt by Association: The Shaky Foundations of Canada-US Intelligence Sharing and Its Consequences for Muslim Canadians’ Mobility,Book chapter,https://utorontopress.com/9781487549138/systemic-islamophobia-in-canada/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6GM78YAV,2023-04-01,Youcef L. Soufi,University of Toronto Press,,2023-05-09T08:14:49Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,Systemic Islamophobia in Canada: A Research Agenda,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7213,"Histories, Adaptations, and Legacies of Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy",Book,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003252047,"While providing critical reflections on the work across generations of enthusiasts, this is the first book exclusively dedicated to John le Carré’s 1974 novel and its adaptations in radio, TV, and film. Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy stands among the most reproduced espionage tales of all time, with adaptations in television, radio, and film. Histories, Adaptations, and Legacies of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy is a collection of essays by international experts who each provides an account of the story’s currency across generations of audiences and scholars. Fans of the late John le Carré and the espionage genre will find here a comprehensive guidebook to the novel and its adaptations. Scholars, students, and amateur investigators alike will discover important historical, thematic, and theoretical ideas to explore and interrogate. Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy is a complex tale of the espionage trade and its crew of motley eccentrics. This collection decodes its puzzles, riddles, and enigmas regarding secrecy, betrayal, ethics, and survival in the context of the United Kingdom’s place in the post-Second World War global order. A comprehensive guide for amateurs and an in-depth study of the novel’s histories, legacies, and approaches for students and scholars.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WXHKZEGV,2023-05-31,Randal Rogers,Routledge,,2023-05-09T08:07:39Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.4324/9781003252047,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4365145454,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7214,Preventing Intelligence Leaks: Let's Start Over,Blog post,https://www.rand.org/blog/2023/05/preventing-intelligence-leaks-lets-start-over.html,"The United States badly needs a new secrecy paradigm to protect classified information, and one that also improves government transparency. Our archaic system for keeping classified information secure is terminally flawed, and no amount of triage tinkering can hope to fix it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4FYGR9P3,2023-05-03,James B. Bruce,,,2023-05-07T17:36:17Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7215,"Intelligence Failure: What, When, Why and How",Blog post,https://greydynamics.com/intelligence-failure-what-when-why-how/,"Intelligence Failure can be defined as when an actor does not collect and analyse information adequately, formulate sound policy based on intelligence (and other considerations), or respond effectively.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W4PFNWHM,2022-12-11T13:19:53+00:00,Abbi Clark,,,2023-05-06T19:51:20Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7216,Leaked U.S. files show deep rift between Russian military and Wagner chief,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/05/05/wagner-russia-ukraine-discord-leak/,"While Yevgeniy Prigozhin has led Russia’s bloody campaign to capture Bakhmut with mercenaries and convicts, he’s been locked in a fight with the Defense Ministry.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6RGLXD5D,2023-05-05,Mary Ilyushina,,Washington Post,2023-05-06T13:40:29Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7217,A Guide to Deception in Intelligence,Blog post,https://greydynamics.com/a-guide-to-deception-in-intelligence/,"Deception, the act of causing someone to believe in a false version of reality, is a common method in intelligence tradecraft and in global politics. States will often try to deceive other states, whether it be through false human intelligence, online disinformation or false flag operations. This article takes a deep-dive into the method of deception and how to spot it. It looks closely at the psychology behind deception and how methods of intelligence exploit human behaviour for the benefit of their state. This article also covers a few cases of deception, including a case of honey trapping, and an instance of a double agent and state deception through the military.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4TWUMXAK,2023-05-05T14:00:00+00:00,Eimear Duggan,,,2023-05-06T11:44:40Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7218,A Guide to Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT),Blog post,https://greydynamics.com/a-guide-to-geospatial-intelligence-geoint/,"Despite its popularity rise, there is not enough attention to clarify what GEOINT means and its techniques. In this article, we will unpack it",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D5AXI4Y3,2023-05-05T11:00:00+00:00,Samuele Minelli Zuffa,,,2023-05-06T11:43:17Z,['PBHFUE8W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7219,A Guide to Structured Analytic Techniques (SATs) for Intelligence,Blog post,https://greydynamics.com/structured-analytic-techniques-basics-and-applications-for-intelligence-analysts/,"One of the key skills in analytic tradecraft is understanding the purpose and usefulness of structured analytic techniques (SATs). Even if you don’t need to use SATs every as an intelligence analyst, a familiarity with these techniques will help you make sense of incomplete or contradictory information, generate hypotheses, and manage uncertainty. This guide will go through why structured analytic techniques are important for intelligence analysts, how to select SATs that are useful for you, and some resources on SATs, many of which are free.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FIBGWEF7,2023-05-06T07:00:00+00:00,Stevie Cook,,,2023-05-06T11:42:11Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7220,Cyberwarfare: War Activities in Cyberspace,Book chapter,https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/cyberwarfare/318500,"With today's changes in war doctrines, the areas where war is undertaken are highly diversified, in addition to the traditional land, air and, sea classifications. One of these areas is cyberspace, where all the activities are waged in this field by exploiting the advantages such as accessibility, availability, cheapness, convenience, anonymity, independence from distance and defense – attack asymmetry called cyberwarfare. Cyberwarfare is the use of cyberattacks by a state or an organization to cause harm to another state's or organization's computer information systems, computer networks and computer infrastructures in the context of warfare. The rationale behind these objectives is similar to other types of warfare, as cyberwarfare is both a dimension of actual warfare and stand-alone war area. In this chapter, cyberwarfare and related phenomena will be extensively discussed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XYKC753M,May 2023,"Caner Asbaş, Şule Erdem Tuzlukaya",IGI Global,,2023-02-14T07:20:48Z,['8XXD789V'],10.4018/978-1-6684-6741-1.ch007,"Handbook of Research on War Policies, Strategies, and Cyber Wars",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4319876181,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4319876181,2023.0,2024.0,2023.0,,0.0 7221,A scoping analysis of the counter terrorism command policing structure and its impact on intelligence sharing between the police and the security services,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18335330.2023.2171309?af=R,"Volume 18, Issue 3, June 2023, Page 353-374.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8ZNKRCA,2023-02-01 03:06:10,Eric Halford,tandf,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-05-06T09:43:55Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/18335330.2023.2171309,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4318819215,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4318819215,2023.0,2024.0,2023.0,,0.0 7222,"Intelligence sharing between asymmetrical allies: the United States, Uganda, Sudan, and South Sudan against the LRA",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18335330.2023.2189023?af=R,"Volume 18, Issue 3, June 2023, Page 410-412.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/67BDL83G,2023-03-16 07:13:14,Ryan Shaffer,tandf,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-05-06T09:44:20Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/18335330.2023.2189023,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4327619160,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7223,From unreliable sources: Bayesian critique and normative modelling of HUMINT inferences,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18335330.2023.2187704?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/44LJ3T3D,2023-03-15 08:45:27,Aviezer Tucker,tandf,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-05-06T09:44:42Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/18335330.2023.2187704,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4324359526,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7224,The integration of statistical learning in intelligence education: is the academy equipping tomorrow’s intelligence professionals to analyze data-centric threats?,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/18335330.2022.2048965?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T6YF45M9,2022-04-11 06:31:46,"James Ramsay, Andrew Macpherson",tandf,"Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism",2023-05-06T09:46:08Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.1080/18335330.2022.2048965,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4223511695,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4223511695,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,,1.0 7225,Ukraine War OSINT Analysis: A Collaborative Student Report,Report,http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114884,"This report is the final semester research product of 9 undergraduate students from the senior seminar Intelligence Analysis Workshop in Department of Political Science and the International Studies Program at Virginia Tech. In January 2023 students were given instructions to begin developing intelligence analysis products using open-source materials on topics pertaining to the war in Ukraine. Students could choose any relevant topic and present an abstract to the class. If their topic was deemed sufficient, they were then given approval to begin research. For the first half of the semester the students were given detailed instruction on how to write intelligence analysis products including how to address different forms of bias. Concurrently students were given instruction on how to collect various types of OSINT and how to remain secure while doing so. Each student was taught how to maintain their cybersecurity and how to protect their identity in online spaces. During the second half of the semester students read numerous declassified intelligence analysis products from various agencies within the United States Intelligence Community and OSINT products from various organizations. The students regularly met with me as the instructor of record and received feedback and additional source materials. Each of the students turned in a complete draft of their report prior to this final copy. Inclusion in this final report was voluntary. All inclusions also had to be approved by a panel editors elected by members of the class. This report contains no names, titles, or affiliations of the authors. By decision and to protect the future employment prospects of the students all reports are anonymous. If you wish to receive further information on one of the reports, you may reach out to the Tech4Humanity Lab directly. The work below is not perfect and surely contains errors missed by both me as the faculty member and the editorial team. It is the culmination of a semester’s worth of learning and work and reflects a progression of learning about a complex and ongoing conflict. The findings are fascinating and highlight many of the complex issues present in the war in Ukraine. If you would like to learn more about the class or the Tech4Humanity Lab please visit our website at Tech4HumanityLab.org.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/727GR6AJ,2023-05-01,Aaron F. Brantly,,,2023-05-06T09:32:21Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7226,Constructing modern surveillance: Military intelligence in the punitive system of early Francoism,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003310518-8/constructing-modern-surveillance-gutmaro-g%C3%B3mez-bravo,"The chapter explores the origins of modern surveillance, focusing on early Francoist military intelligence. The information systems of military intelligence were the fundamental tool in the use of large populations as a weapon of war in the 20th century. Their tactics, extended since the First World War throughout Europe, developed in a civil war like the Spanish one, especially in the so-called counterintelligence service. Due to the circumstances of the conflict, derived not only from the failure of a coup but also from a “balance of disabilities” of one power to impose itself on another, the systematization of information did not appear as a necessity in the rebel army until the end of the frontal military frontal assault on Madrid and its transformation into a long war moving in a northerly direction.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RHNIY7ME,2023-06-23,Gutmaro Gómez Bravo,Routledge,,2023-05-06T08:54:16Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,Interacting Francoism,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7227,"Findings of a Round-Table in support of the Secretary of State’s Office of Net Assessment and Challenge (SONAC), Ministry of Defence",Report,https://www.brunel.ac.uk/research/Centres/Intelligence-and-Security-Studies/pdfs/Brunel-BCISS-SONAC-Roundtable.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HL5UNFUA,2023-04-14, Brunel Centre for Intelligence & Security Studies (BCISS),,,2023-05-05T08:21:39Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7228,Deception in Medieval Warfare: Trickery and Cunning in the Central Middle Ages,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deception-in-medieval-warfare/714E2D6286959148593546B7BD3C2BE2,The first full-length study of the use and perception of deceit in medieval warfare.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U9BMCNE5,2022-07-05,James Titterton,Boydell & Brewer,,2023-05-05T08:08:49Z,"['DS3WDJUS', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1017/9781800104747,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4283804805,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7229,"Military Intelligence: Misdirection, Misinformation and Espionage",Book chapter,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/deception-in-medieval-warfare/military-intelligence-misdirection-misinformation-and-espionage/17D1F00AC22AB3EFA8F0E18BAC6925CC,"In the rapid strikes and strategic raiding that characterised medieval warfare, knowing the location and strength of the enemy forces was crucial. An ill-informed army risked blundering unexpectedly into the enemy or being taken by surprise. Basic reason would have told commanders this much, even without Vegetius's maxims to remind them: ‘In war, the one who is more vigilant in the field, the one who works harder training soldiers, will be less subject to danger’. Likewise, a commander who was able to conceal his movements and intentions was more likely to operate freely and to be able to surprise his enemy: ‘No plans are better than those you carry out while the enemy is unaware of them’. All of which was easier said than done, especially in an age before dedicated military colleges, precise maps or specialist intelligence services. Nevertheless, the very fact that medieval armies assembled and campaigned effectively indicates that they were capable of a certain level of intelligence gathering. Chronicles contain a number of hints about how this might have been achieved and more than a few stories about cunning spies.Misdirection: Achieving the ‘Mastery of Space and Time’Carl von Clausewtiz, Prussian general and seminal military theorist, defined military strategy as follows:Strategy decides the time when, the place where, and the forces with which the engagement is to be fought, and through this threefold activity exerts considerable influence on its outcome. Once the tactical encounter has taken place and the result – be it victory or defeat – is assured, strategy will use it to serve the object of the war.This was also true for medieval warfare. Verbruggen has demonstrated that medieval campaigns were conducted according to sound strategic principles: the maintenance of collective morale, coordinating and concentrating one's forces, attempting to attack with superior numbers and the element of surprise and, when necessary, seeking a decisive engagement with the enemy force. Surprise is particularly relevant for this study, as it usually necessary to deceive the person you wish to surprise: if somebody is aware of your intentions and actions, they cannot be surprised by what you do.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LLUD7ENH,2022-07-05,James Titterton,Boydell & Brewer,,2023-05-05T08:08:01Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1017/9781800104747.004,Deception in Medieval Warfare: Trickery and Cunning in the Central Middle Ages,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4283820267,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4283820267,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 7230,Spying on the Reich: The Cold War Against Hitler,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/spying-on-the-reich-9780192862990?cc=us&lang=en&,"Exactly a century ago, intelligence agencies across Europe first became aware of a fanatical German nationalist whose political party was rapidly gathering momentum. His name was Adolf Hitler.From 1933, these spy services watched with growing alarm as they tried to determine what sort of threat Hitler's regime would now pose to the rest of Europe. Would Germany rearm, either covertly or in open defiance of the outside world? Would Hitler turn his attention eastwards - or did he also pose a threat to the west? What were the feelings and attitudes of ordinary Germans, towards their own regime as well as the outside world?Despite intense rivalry and mistrust between them, these spy chiefs began to liaise and close ranks against Nazi Germany. At the heart of this loose, informal network were the British and French intelligence services, alongside the Poles and Czechs. Some other countries - Holland, Belgium, and the United States - stood at the periphery.Drawing on a wide range of previously unpublished British, French, German, Danish, and Czech archival sources, Spying on the Reich tells the story of Germany and its rearmament in the 1920s and 1930s; its relations with foreign governments and their intelligence services; and the relations and rivalries between Western governments, seen through the prism of the cooperation, or lack of it, between their spy agencies. Along the way, it addresses some of the most intriguing questions that still perplex historians of the period, such as how and why Britain defended Poland in September 1939, and what alternative policies could have been pursued? , Exactly a century ago, intelligence agencies across Europe first became aware of a fanatical German nationalist whose political party was rapidly gathering momentum. His name was Adolf Hitler.From 1933, these spy services watched with growing alarm as they tried to determine what sort of threat Hitler's regime would now pose to the rest of Europe. Would Germany rearm, either covertly or in open defiance of the outside world? Would Hitler turn his attention eastwards - or did he also pose a threat to the west? What were the feelings and attitudes of ordinary Germans, towards their own regime as well as the outside world?Despite intense rivalry and mistrust between them, these spy chiefs began to liaise and close ranks against Nazi Germany. At the heart of this loose, informal network were the British and French intelligence services, alongside the Poles and Czechs. Some other countries - Holland, Belgium, and the United States - stood at the periphery.Drawing on a wide range of previously unpublished British, French, German, Danish, and Czech archival sources, Spying on the Reich tells the story of Germany and its rearmament in the 1920s and 1930s; its relations with foreign governments and their intelligence services; and the relations and rivalries between Western governments, seen through the prism of the cooperation, or lack of it, between their spy agencies. Along the way, it addresses some of the most intriguing questions that still perplex historians of the period, such as how and why Britain defended Poland in September 1939, and what alternative policies could have been pursued?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7C7I2NKY,2023-04-26,R. T. Howard,Oxford University Press,,2023-04-26T22:40:55Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7231,OSINT Methods in the Intelligence Cycle,Conference paper,https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-30592-4_4,"The process for producing intelligence is traditionally represented by a series of steps forming a cycle. Collection is one of these stages and is characterized by the application of a set of disciplines to obtain information that will be analyzed for the production of an intelligence product. These disciplines are characterized according to the type of source, its methods and techniques. Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) is the collection discipline focused on publicly available information. Open-source collection methods are usually represented by working diagrams that draw a flow according to the type of information. This paper makes a comparative study of the intelligence cycles of some relevant actors in the international OSINT scene, locates open-source collection in the intelligence cycle, and presents a workflow that combines this cycle with the techniques that form a method for OSINT.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BF6ACKII,2023-05-01,"Roberto Tanabe, Robson de-Oliveira-Albuquerque, Demétrio da-Silva-Filho, Daniel Alves-da-Silva, João-Jose Costa-Gondim, Marcelo V. Garcia, Carlos Gordón-Gallegos",Springer Nature Switzerland,,2023-05-05T07:41:16Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1007/978-3-031-30592-4_4,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4367592206,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4367592206,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,,1.0 7232,Operation Chiffon: The Secret Story of MI5 and MI6 and the Road to Peace in Ireland,Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/operation-chiffon-9781526659637/,"April 1998: the Good Friday Agreement is signed, ending decades of violence and bloodshed in Northern Ireland. The process of getting the IRA to end its so-called 'armed struggle' was always the prerequisite of the search for peace. It was Operation Chiffon that finally helped make it possible. Operation Chiffon takes us inside the top-secret intelligence operation whose roots go back to the bloodiest years of the conflict in the early 1970s, involving officers from MI6 and, later in the 1990s, MI5. The remarkable story, which has remained hidden for forty years, is now revealed by legendary BBC journalist Peter Taylor with unique access to the officers involved. Drawing on exclusive interviews and Taylor's fifty years of covering the conflict, the book narrates in first-hand detail how those involved risked their careers – and their lives – to help secure the fragile peace that exists today. Taylor vividly brings this covert operation to life and in the process chronicles the history of Sinn Féin, rising from obscurity in the early days of the Troubles to becoming the largest political party in Ireland today. It is a story fraught with uncertainty and danger that, as Brexit risks destabilising what was achieved in the Good Friday Agreement twenty-five years ago, is more important than ever to remember.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MGMLXWCB,2023-03-30,Peter Taylor,Bloomsbury,,2023-05-03T07:57:22Z,['V7KUA58M'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7233,World War I and the Foundations of American Intelligence,Book,https://kansaspress.ku.edu/9780700635856,"Ask an American intelligence officer to tell you when the country started doing modern intelligence and you will probably hear something about the Office of Strategic Services in World War II or the National Security Act of 1947 and the formation of the Central Intelligence Agency. What you almost certainly will not hear is anything about World War I. In World War I and the Foundations of American Intelligence, Mark Stout establishes that, in fact, World War I led to the realization that intelligence was indispensable in both wartime and peacetime. After a lengthy gestation that started in the late nineteenth century, modern American intelligence emerged during World War I, laying the foundations for the establishment of a self-conscious profession of intelligence. Virtually everything that followed was maturation, reorganization, reinvigoration, or reinvention. World War I ushered in a period of rapid changes. Never again would the War Department be without an intelligence component. Never again would a senior American commander lead a force to war without intelligence personnel on their staff. Never again would the United States government be without a signals intelligence agency or aerial reconnaissance capability. Stout examines the breadth of American intelligence in the war, not just in France, not just at home, but around the world and across the army, navy, and State Department, and demonstrates how these far-flung efforts endured after the Armistice in 1918. For the first time, there came to be a group of intelligence practitioners who viewed themselves as different from other soldiers, sailors, and diplomats. Upon entering World War II, the United States had a solid foundation from which to expand to meet the needs of another global hot war and the Cold War that followed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PDTTRLTC,2023-11-16,Mark Stout,University Press of Kansas,,2023-04-29T01:00:08Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7234,Piercing the Veil of Darkness? Deception and Intelligence in Warfare | Journal of Military and Strategic Studies,Journal article,https://jmss.org/article/view/75554,"Since antiquity, the importance and versatility of deception as a key military stratagem is demonstrated by military commanders’ reliance on an array of subterfuges encompassing disinformation, covert or clandestine actions, false flags, ruses, and feints designed to deceive an adversary and degrade situational awareness of genuine intent. In parallel, commanders attempt to use intelligence for determining a potential opponent’s capabilities and getting indicators and warnings of an adversary’s intent. Better understanding of the interconnectedness between waging and countering deception provides insights into the dynamic relationship between deception and intelligence in warfare.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IMHDT8DU,2023-04-25,"James L. Regens, Charles B. Vandepeer",,Journal of Milirary and Strategic Studies,2023-04-29T00:02:05Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7235,‘Just Like That 45 Minutes Claim’: UK Intelligence and the Iraq Legacy,Blog post,https://www.rusi.orghttps://www.rusi.org,The flawed use of intelligence to justify the Iraq invasion cast a long shadow over the UK intelligence services. Only in recent years has this ‘Iraq legacy’ started to change for the better.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7CDE5DEK,2023-04-26,Daniel W. B. Lomas,,,2023-04-28T09:47:26Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7236,Cyber Security and Data Collection,Journal article,https://zagrebsecurityforum.com/articles-securitysciencejournal/id/4281,"Every country that seeks to protect its national interests and security in the information age faces the problem of adequately protecting the national information sphere. As a confirmation of this thesis, modern security studies talk about cybersecurity and its importance for national security. Therefore, we can say that cybersecurity protects the vital interests of individuals, society and the state in the information sphere from external and internal dangers and risks. The main threat in the sphere of international cybersecurity is the use of information and communication technology as an information weapon for the achievement of political and military goals that conflict with international law, for violating public order, inciting inter-ethnic, inter-religious and inter-denominational hatred, as well as for carrying out criminal and intelligence - subversive activities. The paper's subject is a comprehensive overview of cyber security and its impact on national security.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2VYP5AB,2023-04-05,Dejan Z. Milenkovic,,Zagreb Security Forum,2023-04-26T22:45:33Z,['8XXD789V'],https://doi.org/10.37458/ssj.4.1.7,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4366415829,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4366415829,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.37458/ssj.4.1.7,1.0 7237,The Commander’s Eyes and Ears: Australian Army Combat Intelligence in the Cold War (1945-75),Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/101141,"Between 1945 and 1975, the Australian Army was committed to various operations ranging from supporting war crimes trials, occupation duties in Japan, and WWI-like warfare in Korea to counterinsurgency deployments in Malaya, Borneo, and South Vietnam. While official historians, respected academics, and popular authors cover these operations well, the role of the army’s combat intelligence during this period has been seriously neglected. Consequently, the paucity of serious research on the army’s intelligence during the Cold War means that numerous gaps remain in our understanding of how it operated and supported force commanders on operations. This thesis corrects this deficiency by defining and evaluating the Australian Army’s combat intelligence contribution during the Cold War in the 1945-75 period. Using official archival records and new individual evidence from veterans, much of which had not been publicly available before, and some that were not accessible by the official historians, it explores the organisation, administration, training, doctrine, and effectiveness of army combat intelligence operations. It also examines their ability to adapt to the changes in warfare and technology after the Second World War. Several myths, criticisms, and misremembered ‘facts’ that have grown around the Australian Army’s intelligence operations in the post-war period are explored, and the record corrected regarding several inaccuracies in our official history. While small compared to the US or the British Army’s contribution of battlefield intelligence resources during the Cold War, the Australian Army’s support was both meaningful and significant. It was meaningful because it helped establish the post-war Australian Intelligence Corps' professional foundation and was significant as it provided essential support to Australian and allied commanders on operations in Japan, Korea, Malaya, Borneo, and Vietnam.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XWSZKELV,2023,Glenn Wahlert,,,2023-04-21T23:21:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Master's Thesis,UNSW Sydney,,,,,,,,, 7238,"Spies, Espionage and Secret Diplomacy in the Early Modern Period",Book,https://shop.kohlhammer.de/spies-espionage-and-secret-diplomacy-in-the-early-modern-period-38938.html#147=19,"Approaching early modern spies, espionage and secret diplomacy as central elements in (wartime) communication networks, the thirteen contributions to this volume examine different kinds of espionage (economic espionage, political espionage etc.), identify different types of spies – diplomats, postmasters, court musicians, cooks and prostitutes – and reflect the multiple meanings and functions of information obtained through the many practices of spying in the early modern period. Drawing on examples from a wide range of states and empires, the volume looks into recruitment strategies and cryptography, highlights processes of professionalization and traces the reputation of spies ranging from the ""honourable"" to the ""villain"".",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5XEXUF5V,2021-01-01,"Guido Braun, Susanne Lachenicht",Verlag W. Kohlhammer,,2023-04-20T02:56:36Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7239,"The Birth of the Soviet Secret Police: Lenin and History's Greatest Heist, 1917-1927",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Birth-of-the-Soviet-Secret-Police-Hardback/p/23213,"This book is new in every aspect and not only because neither the official history nor an unofficial history of the KGB, and its many predecessors and successors, exists in any language. In this volume, the author deals with the origins of the KGB from the Tsarist Okhrana (the first Russians secret political police) to the OGPU, Joint State Political Directorate, one of the KGB predecessors between 1923 and 1934. Based on documents from the Russian archives, the author clearly demonstrates that the Cheka and GPU/OPGU were initially created to defend the revolution and not for espionage. The Okhrana operated in both the Russian Empire and abroad against the revolutionaries and most of its operations, presented in this book, are little known. The same is the case with regards to the period after the Cheka was established in December 1917 until ten years later when Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party and exiled, and Stalin rose to power. For the long period after the Revolution and up to the Second World War (and, indeed, beyond until the death of Stalin) the Cheka’s main weapon was terror to create a general climate of fear in a population. In the book, the work of the Cheka and its successors against the enemies of the revolution is paralleled with British and American operations against the Soviets inside and outside of Russia. For the first time the creation of the Communist International (Comintern) is shown as an alternative Soviet espionage organization for wide-scale foreign propaganda and subversion operations based on the new revelations from the Soviet archives Here, the early Soviet intelligence operations in several countries are presented and analysed for the first time, as are raids on the Soviet missions abroad. The Bolshevik smuggling of the Russian imperial treasures is shown based on the latest available archival sources with misinterpretations and sometimes false interpretations in existing literature revised. After the Bolshevik revolution, Mansfield Smith-Cumming, the first chief of SIS, undertook to set up ‘an entirely new Secret Service organization in Russia’. During those first ten years, events would develop as a non-stop struggle between British intelligence, within Russia and abroad, and the Cheka, later GPU/OGPU. Before several show ‘spy trials’ in 1927, British intelligence networks successfully operated in Russia later moving to the Baltic capitals, Finland and Sweden while young Soviet intelligence officers moved to London, Paris, Berlin and Constantinople. Many of those operations, from both sides, are presented in the book for the first time in this ground-breaking study of the dark world of the KGB.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2RW9M3UM,2023-04-30,Boris Volodarsky,Pen and Sword,,2023-04-20T02:53:30Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7240,The FBI and foreign intelligence in the domestic setting,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2202074,The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the United States’ primary domestically-oriented intelligence service. Opportunities for the collection of foreign intelligence exist within the United States. Two narratives regarding foreign intelligence collection run through the primary source record of Bureau history. The first narrative is that foreign intelligence information is a byproduct of the Bureau’s reactive investigations of threats to national security and the second is that the Bureau has exploited opportunities to develop foreign intelligence as a distinct objective. This latter narrative is supported by a lengthy legacy of activities directed at gathering foreign intelligence and at facilitating the collection of foreign intelligence by other agencies. Identifying and selecting a narrative of foreign intelligence collection will help the Bureau to incorporate this consideration into its future evolution.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/75GTQR3Y,2023-04-19,Darren E. Tromblay,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-04-19T23:36:54Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2202074,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4366387094,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4366387094,2026.0,2026.0,2023.0,,3.0 7241,Surveillance fears as China resumes construction on fifth Antarctic base,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/18/china-antarctic-station-inexpressible-island,Satellite images show building work for first time since 2018 amid concern about Beijing’s growing polar presence,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZVSMLTXM,2023-04-18T20:32:01.000Z, Reuters,,The Guardian,2023-04-19T08:04:05Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7242,Open-Source Intelligence and the War in Ukraine,Blog post,https://www.inss.org.il/publication/russia-ukraine-intelligence/,"“The First Digital War” The war in Ukraine can be seen as “the first digital war” in history. This term does not refer to fighting abilities based on advanced technology, but rather highlights the dynamic arena in the digital space, close to the battlefield and sometimes within it, with the participation of millions of people … Continued",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VVDLBJHB,2023-01-05,"T Z, Tamir Hayman",,,2023-01-05T14:45:13Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7243,Second Suspect in Germany Intelligence Breach Was Questioned in U.S.,Newspaper article,https://www.wsj.com/articles/second-suspect-in-germany-intelligence-breach-was-questioned-in-u-s-1915d6df,Authorities suspect the man helped a German intelligence officer who was arrested late last year for passing intelligence collected by Western powers on to Russian intelligence agents in Moscow.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U6KIBNRD,2023-02-10,Bojan Pancevski,,Wall Street Journal,2023-02-11T08:43:28Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'Y959U28A', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7244,Latest leak highlights how many have access to US top secret material,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/apr/10/leaked-secret-us-defense-documents-circulated-by-gamers,Classified documents revealing Ukraine military troubles and US intel gathering against allies were probably spread through gaming servers,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EW83LQ8I,2023-04-10,Julian Borger,,The Guardian,2023-04-11T12:34:50Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7245,Russian diplomatic facilities serve as SIGINT nests in Europe,Blog post,https://vsquare.org/russian-diplomatic-facilities-serve-as-sigint-nests-in-europe/,"In the Baltic region, Russian surveillance ships and reconnaissance aircraft are also deployed, the cross-border ESPIOMATS investigation finds.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3D3QGK65,2023-04-18T07:19:29+00:00,"Anna Gielewska, Szabolcs Panyi",,,2023-04-18T13:16:57Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7246,Unwinding the Intelligence Cycle in Denmark,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2193133,"The intelligence cycle has been the standard model for intelligence processes and national intelligence doctrines in the United States and Europe. However, at the same time, it is seen as theoretical flotsam from the Cold War. This study explores the cycle’s application in the Danish Defence Intelligence Services Middle East analytical department. It is a single-site explorative case study of the Middle Eastern analytic department using multiple sources in the form of formal descriptions, organograms, and qualitative interviews with intelligence and government officials to explore and compare the manifest and assumed organization. The study concludes that the cycle is merely a metaphor for a New Public Management framework in use in the Danish Defence Intelligence Service and across the Danish central administration. This framework is used for setting the annual intelligence requirements. This study is an argument for a closer look at the impact of New Public Management on European intelligence organizations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2LNIAPN5,2023-04-17,Tallat Rønn Shakoor,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-04-17T23:22:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2193133,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4366139430,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4366139430,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,,0.0 7247,The Pentagon leaks reveal the rot at the heart of US intelligence – but they haven’t hurt Ukraine,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/apr/17/pentagon-leaks-reveal-rot-us-intelligence-ukraine,"This latest cache of secret documents is yet another own goal by a pathologically confused security service, says barrister Frank Ledwidge",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EBQRZW6N,2023-04-17T16:27:04.000Z,Frank Ledwidge,,The Guardian,2023-04-17T23:21:40Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7248,A new kind of leaker: Spilling state secrets to impress online buddies,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/04/15/classified-documents-leak-discord/,"In one decade, the risk to U.S. national security secrets has morphed from ideologically driven protesters to digital natives who live life online and think ‘secrecy is for losers’",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2Z2GCMMA,2023-04-15T18:11:12.612Z,Marc Fisher,,Washington Post,2023-04-16T04:05:13Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7249,The Elements of Pace in Spy Fiction: A Closer Look at JML 46.2,Blog post,https://iupress.org/connect/blog/the-elements-of-pace-in-spy-fiction-a-closer-look-at-jml-46-2/,"By Allan Hepburn, author of “‘To Come into the Story as Late as Possible, and To Tell It as Fast as You Can’: Pace in Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy,”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S3A9LNFQ,2023-04-12T13:17:52+00:00,Allan Hepburn,,,2023-04-14T11:36:45Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7250,"Failed Intelligence Reform, State Capture, and Authoritarian Turn in Serbia",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2189037,"Two decades after the overthrow of the autocratic regime of Slobodan Milosevic, security intelligence agencies in Serbia are not only far from being reformed, but they play a central role in democracy decline and what many academics and policy officials describe as state capture. Intelligence agencies are among the first victims of state capture and among the major instruments in further capturing state institutions. This process has been a product of the agreed transition from autocracy to democracy that prevented bloodshed but maintained a clientelist relationship between (new) democratic leadership and the (old) security apparatus. Consequently, thorough intelligence reform never happened, resulting in the survival of agencies’ strongholds of power, which facilitated the return to old secret police practice. It is not uncommon today that among important tasks of security intelligence are regime protection through suppression of political opposition and critical voices, as well as making sure that suspicious deals of those close to the ruling party run smoothly. This article aims to map and analyze events and processes that have led to these outcomes and describe how security intelligence is being instrumentalized by the ruling political party and its leader, Aleksandar Vucic.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WKQGRUH9,2023-04-12,Predrag Petrović,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-04-13T12:37:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2189037,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4365151173,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4365151173,2026.0,2026.0,2023.0,,3.0 7251,Military Intelligence in Support of EU Missions and Operations: Bridging the Strategic Vulnerability Gap,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2189847,"The broad range of European Union (EU) missions and operations sets out the requirement of strategic awareness and situational assessments for effective fulfillment of operational tasks in the areas of EU-led activities. Building on the concept of coercive isomorphism, this article argues that intelligence support for common security and defense policy activities has been limited and contentious because of the vulnerability gap caused by patterns enforced by member states. Priority for national interests and assets hinders the logic of reciprocity. It lowers the value of synergetic links between the intelligence services of member states and relevant EU agencies and bodies. Regardless of numerous obstacles and limitations, the strategic vulnerability gap has been slowly bridged thanks to the development and implementation of more reliable mechanisms of intelligence cooperation within the EU.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DQSSPD3Y,2023-04-12,Artur Gruszczak,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-04-13T12:37:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2189847,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4365142722,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4365142722,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/311303,2.0 7252,"Counterintelligence Black Swan: KGB Deception, Countersurveillance, and Active Measures Operation",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2192374,"In January 1990, a U.S counterintelligence surveillance team supporting a priority counterespionage investigation in Munich, West Germany, became engaged in a hostile encounter that was unlike anything ever experienced. The event was recorded as an “aggressive, hostile countersurveillance effort,” but with the U.S. victory in the Cold War, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the dismantlement of the State Committee for Security, the investigative record was inconclusively filed away before the applicable lessons could be captured. After 30+ years, the declassified details of the investigation and the sequence of events leading to this fateful Munich night is examined under an inductive causal analysis to deconstruct the events using a case study methodology. After a comprehensive analysis, it becomes evident that the engagement was mischaracterized, and the hostile operation had much broader implications. While the hostile engagement was a black swan event, the sequence of events in the investigation leading to this final act was a microcosm of the larger Soviet strategic disinformation, misdirection, and manipulation apparatus. Three decades after fading into obscurity under a veil of classification restrictions, counterintelligence professionals, intelligence analysts, and intelligence historians can now benefit from the still-relevant lessons and other insights from this case study.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RR2BYE8J,2023-04-12,Aden C. Magee,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-04-13T12:36:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2192374,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4365151386,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7253,"Leaker of U.S. secret documents worked on military base, friend says",Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/04/12/discord-leaked-documents/,"In interviews with a member of the Discord group where intelligence documents were shared, The Washington Post learned details of the alleged leaker, “OG.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5WMQHJWE,2023-04-13T01:36:53.260Z,"Shane Harris, Samuel Oakford",,Washington Post,2023-04-13T09:02:41Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7254,U.S. may change how it monitors the web after missing leaked documents for weeks,Newspaper article,https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/us-intel-agencies-missed-classified-documents-leaked-on-discord-rcna79404,"President Biden and other officials were dismayed when they learned the documents had been online for at least a month. “Nobody is happy about this,” said one official.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZZD934N3,2023-04-12,"Carol E. Lee, Ken Dilanian, Dan De Luce",,NBC News,2023-04-13T03:27:33Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7255,"Roman Special Forces and Special Ops: Speculatores, Exploratores, Protectores and Areani in the Service of Rome",Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Roman-Special-Forces-and-Special-Ops-Hardback/p/23031,"Much has been written about the Roman army and the mighty legions that conquered their empire and then defended it for centuries against all comers. But little has been written about the men and units employed when something more subtle than the march of legions into pitched battle was required. This is the only book available dedicated to Roman special ops and the role of the Speculatores, Exploratores, Protectores and Areani. Simon Elliott reveals the kinds of special operations conducted by the Romans: tactical scouting ahead of the legions, covert strategic reconnaissance in neighbouring states, espionage, assassination or abduction of dissidents and enemies, counter-insurgency, and close protection of Roman officials and commanders. While such missions were frequently executed by ad-hoc units or individuals detailed for that specific mission, the author goes on to reveal the evidence for the aforementioned specialist units. He concludes with an analysis of the extent to which these various forces corresponded to a modern conception of Special Forces. These men were the eyes and ears of the Empire, the deadly tip of the Roman sword.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DEFYJK52,2023-04-01,Simon Elliott,Pen and Sword,,2023-04-12T23:00:24Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7256,Changing Intelligence Dynamics in Africa,Book,https://gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Changing-Intelligence-Dynamics-in-Africa.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D93VNVA9,2009-06-01,"Sandy Africa, Johnny Kwadjo",GFN-SST and ASSN,,2023-04-12T17:05:38Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7257,Contested Flights: The Perplexity of Intruding “Spy Pigeons” at the India-Pakistan Border,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1215/00219118-10290610,"Despite the invention and sophistication of drones and unarmed aerial vehicles, satellites, and more recently, cyber espionage, “spy pigeons” remain a serious threat at the India-Pakistan border. The entanglement between flying pigeons for “sport” and capturing pigeons for “espionage” is critical to construe multiple meanings of more-than-human border intrusion in South Asia. Such an incursion not only endangers long-standing values of human-pigeon companionship but also moots a perplexity of intrusion that lies between the ethical acceptance of the more-than-human intruders and necessary resistance to their hostile infiltration. Explored through the geopolitically complex experiences of intrusion that have shaped the India-Pakistan relationship since Partition, intruding spy pigeons provide a critical perspective on distrust, animosity, and espionage in South Asia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S9X4VXLF,2023-04-03,Muhammad A. Kavesh,,Journal of Asian Studies,2023-04-07T22:33:59Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1215/00219118-10290610,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4362634457,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4362634457,2023.0,2025.0,2023.0,,0.0 7258,Open-source intelligence and research on online terrorist communication: Identifying ethical and security dilemmas,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352231166322,"This article explores key ethical and security challenges related to exploitation of open-source intelligence (OSINT) in research on online terrorist propaganda. In order to reach this objective, the most common approaches to OSINT-based projects are analysed through the lens of some of the most recognized ethical guidelines in science, which allowed several core dilemmas to be identified. First of all, this study discusses how personal data protection rules are applicable to investigations of potentially dangerous subjects, such as members and followers of Violent Extremist Organizations (VEOs). In addition, the author examines potential threats to the safety of researchers and the scientific infrastructure used in OSINT-based projects. He also discusses the risks of incidental findings and malevolent use of research results. Finally, drawing from existing legal regulations and good practices in other fields, as well as the author?s previous experience in OSINT-based analyses of online terrorist activities, this article explores basic means of tackling these dilemmas.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/846J677J,2023-04-05,Miron Lakomy,SAGE Publications,"Media, War & Conflict",2023-04-07T22:32:59Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1177/17506352231166322,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4362608787,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4362608787,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,,1.0 7259,Annual Report 2022: Keeping New Zealand and New Zealanders safe and secure,Report,https://www.nzsis.govt.nz/assets/NZSIS-Documents/NZSIS-Annual-Reports/2021-22-NZSIS-Annual-Report.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LMYJEENA,2022-06-30, New Zealand Security Intelligence Service,,,2023-04-06T09:13:02Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7260,Can we brainwash our enemies?,Magazine article,https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/can-we-brainwash-our-enemies/,"Disinformation is on the rise, and Britain’s spies are on the back foot. Our intelligence leaders warn about election meddling, and our enemies are trying to undermine public trust in our national institutions. The United Kingdom needs to use covert means to disrupt anti-British activities at their source. That’s what Harold Macmillan said in the",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/39KYNR4H,2023-04-05T17:49:22+00:00,Rory Cormac,,The Spectator,2023-04-06T09:11:26Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7261,"U.K. National Cyber Force, Responsible Cyber Power, and Cyber Persistence Theory",Blog post,https://www.lawfareblog.com/uk-national-cyber-force-responsible-cyber-power-and-cyber-persistence-theory,The U.K. National Cyber Force’s operating document offers a framework for responsible cyber behavior in the highly contested cyber strategic environment and further validates cyber persistence theory.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2VU4VVH,2023-04-05T08:16:18-04:00,"Richard J. Harknett, Michael P. Fischerkeller, Emily O. Goldman",,,2023-04-06T09:06:23Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7262,The UK company spreading Russian fake news to millions,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-65150030,Experts say the UK-registered media company could be 'laundering' Kremlin disinformation,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B3VKZA7R,2023-04-04,Hannah Gelbart,,BBC News,2023-04-04T13:52:52Z,"['MQMHZUFD', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7263,Military–Intelligence Relations: Explaining the Oxymoron,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2187191,"The field of civil–military relations has a rich literature firmly anchored in military history and security studies. Similarly, the emerging field of civil–intelligence relations has received growing attention in intelligence studies. But how do intelligence and the military interact as distinct professions and institutions of national security? This article explores the concept of military–intelligence relations, including its origins in theory and history, and its attendant problems in policy and practice.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IWIHURSQ,2023-04-03,Jeff Rogg,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-04-04T12:35:19Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2187191,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4362582430,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4362582430,2023.0,2025.0,2023.0,,0.0 7264,Churchill’s American arsenal: the special relationship that won World War II,Blog post,https://the-past.com/feature/churchills-american-arsenal-the-special-relationship-that-won-world-war-ii/,"In a new book, Larrie D Ferreiro explains how a special relationship between British and US combat scientists and engineers produced the innovations that wo ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E65JYPWX,2023-03-08T09:57:28,,,,2023-04-04T03:39:18Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7265,How the West rolled up a network of Russian ‘sleeper spies’,Newspaper article,https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/how-the-west-rolled-up-a-network-of-russian-sleeper-spies-vx90qjrlp,"When a young Brazilian named Victor Muller Ferreira, with a master’s degree from a top American university, landed at Amsterdam’s Schiphol airport in April last",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4R4V3YNM,2023-04-03,Peter Conradi,,The Times,2023-04-03T11:13:03Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7266,Intelligence Leadership and Governance: Building Effective Intelligence Communities in the 21st Century,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Intelligence-Leadership-and-Governance-Building-Effective-Intelligence/Walsh/p/book/9780367650612,"This book explores the challenges leaders in intelligence communities face in an increasingly complex security environment and how to develop future leaders to deal with these issues. As the security and policy-making environment becomes increasingly complicated for decision-makers, the focus on intelligence agencies ‘to deliver’ more value will increase. This book is the first extensive exploration of contemporary leadership in the context of intelligence agencies, principally in the ‘Five Eyes’ nations (i.e. Australia, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and New Zealand). It provides a grounded theoretical approach to building practitioner and researcher understanding of what individual and organisational factors result in better leadership. Using interviews from former senior intelligence leaders and a survey of 208 current and former intelligence leaders, the work explores the key challenges that leaders will likely face in the twenty-first century and how to address these. It also explores what principles are most likely to be important in developing future leaders of intelligence agencies in the future. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, strategic studies, leadership studies, security studies, and international relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/99LBNJGV,2022-05-30,Patrick F. Walsh,Routledge,,2023-04-03T21:27:10Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7267,On the Role of Intelligence in the Pacific Theater of the Second World War,Blog post,https://www.e-ir.info/2023/03/22/on-the-role-of-intelligence-in-the-pacific-theater-of-the-second-world-war/,The answer to whether intelligence reduces uncertainty or overcomplicates the decision-making process lies somewhere in between.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8P2QGJ9H,2023-03-22T10:38:53+00:00,Pieter Zhao,,,2023-03-31T22:56:59Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7268,Gaining the Operational Intelligence Advantage through Data Literacy | Center for International Maritime Security,Blog post,https://cimsec.org/gaining-the-operational-intelligence-advantage-through-data-literacy/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6E8M79SH,2023-03-14,Andrew Orchard,,,2023-03-30T08:17:49Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7269,"Russian spies more effective than army, say experts",Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65113340,"Russia's intelligence services have had more success in Ukraine than its army, says a top think tank.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XTDXSLBZ,2023-03-29,Frank Gardner,,BBC News,2023-03-29T14:56:07Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7270,Inside the CIA’s bureau for hiding defectors,Magazine article,https://www.economist.com/1843/2023/03/24/inside-the-cias-bureau-for-hiding-defectors,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6CBIKYDI,2023-03-24,"Bryan Denson, David Wolman",,The Economist,2023-03-29T08:29:43Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7271,"Interview with Dr. Rory Cormac on his new book, How to Stage a Coup",Blog post,https://the-footnote.org/2023/03/28/interview-with-dr-rory-cormac-on-his-new-book-how-to-stage-a-coup/,"This week, The Footnote interviewed renowned author, professor, and Intelligence historian Rory Cormac about his newest book: How To Stage A Coup: And Ten Other Lessons from the World of Secret Sta…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LQRKFFS2,2023-03-28T16:32:44+00:00,Krystel von Kumberg,,,2023-03-29T08:24:26Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7272,"Surveillance of the Polish Diplomat Jan Karszo-Siedlewski by Soviet Counterintelligence, 1932–1937",Journal article,https://brill.com/view/journals/spsr/aop/article-10.30965-18763324-bja10079/article-10.30965-18763324-bja10079.xml,"Abstract The history of communist crimes in the USSR has been well elucidated. Nonetheless, a still under-investigated group of archival materials are files of the Soviet counterintelligence. One of its tasks was the surveillance of the foreign diplomats and consular representatives operating on the territory of the USRR. Even after the fall of the USSR and the opening of the archives, access to the materials of the communist special services was and is very difficult. The situation changed not very long ago. Open access to materials of the former GPU/NKVD/KGB was possible in Ukraine. In the Branch State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine in Kyiv is a file continuing materials from the surveillance by the Soviet counterintelligence of the Polish diplomat Jan Karszo-Siedlewski, who was among others the head of the Polish consulates general in Kharkiv and Kyiv in 1932–1937. In this way, material that had been entirely inaccessible for researchers will be discussed in the present article.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MSXJ2I3E,2023-03-08,Robert Kuśnierz,Brill Schöningh,The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review,2023-03-28T12:05:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.30965/18763324-bja10079,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4323663227,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7273,A Central Counterterrorism Coalition: An Analysis of Intelligence Sharing and the Challenges It Faces in the European Union,Journal article,https://minnjil.org/article/a-central-counterterrorism-coalition-an-analysis-of-intelligence-sharing-and-the-challenges-it-faces-in-the-european-union/,Full Text,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4G4URNNN,2023-03-01,Elisabeth Bernabe,,Minnesota Journal of International Law,2023-03-28T09:19:15Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7274,The First Islamic State and Its Intelligence Services,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24744-6_7,"In the earliest phase of the religion, Islam was a secret underground movement and Muḥammad realised that some form of intelligence was necessary to survive. Consequently, Muḥammad trusted only his inner circle, which continuously provided him with intelligence. He himself hence simultaneously assumed the role of chief of intelligence and counterintelligence, as he wanted to keep his networks, motivations, plans and manoeuvres secret. In this way, counterintelligence was a central component in the foundation of the first Islamic State. The internal security apparatus in particular was to continue to develop long after Muhammad's death. However, it was not the Prophet himself who was to lead the Muslim conquest. After Muhammad's death in 632, the Rashidun caliphs who followed him were to expand the Muslim empire and thus lay the foundation for an Islamic intelligence culture.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WEZZ5XRS,2023-03-23,Ferdinand J. Haberl,Springer Nature Switzerland,,2023-03-25T10:44:33Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1007/978-3-031-24744-6_7,Jihadi Intelligence and Counterintelligence: Ideological Foundations and Operational Methods,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4360591895,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4360591895,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 7275,Jihadi Intelligence and Counterintelligence: Ideological Foundations and Operational Methods,Book,https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-24744-6,"Examines the ideological roots, structures and operational methods of Jihadi intelligence Analyzes the role of ideological and religious narratives Develops better counterterrorism measures",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/83UGQCR5,2023-03-23,Ferdinand J. Haberl,Springer,,2023-03-25T10:39:42Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7276,The Spy Who Briefed Me: The benefits and risks of cooperation between the Canadian Intelligence and national security community and its non-traditional partners,Report,https://www.tsas.ca/publications/the-spy-who-briefed-me-the-benefits-and-risks-of-cooperation-between-the-canadian-intelligence-and-national-security-community-and-its-non-traditional-partners/,"In recent years, scholarship on the Canadian national security and intelligence community has focused on its structure and functions, (Carvin, Juneau and Forcese 2021; Juneau, Lagassé and Vucetic 2019; Juneau and Carvin 2021), critical scholarship (Crosby and Monaghan 2018; Lyon and Murakami Wood 2020); Nagra and Maurutto 2013), history (Barnes…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JY73GU39,2023,"Stephanie Carvin, Thomas Juneau",,,2023-03-23T10:50:15Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7277,The Man with the Poison Gun: A Cold War Spy Story,Book,https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/The-Man-with-the-Poison-Gun/Serhii-Plokhy/9781786070449,"1961. The height of the Cold War. Just hours before work begins on the Berlin Wall, a KGB assassin and his young wife flee for the West before the ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P5UB7T53,2016-12-08,Serhii Plokhy,Simon & Schuster,,2023-03-23T09:33:19Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7278,Avoiding the Secrecy Trap in Open Source Intelligence,Blog post,https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column_article/avoiding-the-secrecy-trap-in-open-source-intelligence,Avoiding the Secrecy Trap in Open Source Intelligence and the need for establishing and independent open source agency,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZNVV62T5,2023-03-21,Chris Rasmussen,,,2023-03-22T09:11:32Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7279,Online Sleuths Untangle the Mystery of the Nord Stream Sabotage,Magazine article,https://www.wired.com/story/nord-steam-explosions-mystery-osint/,Open source intelligence researchers are verifying and debunking opaque claims about who ruptured the gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B2YLYXBN,2023-03-28,Matt Burgess,,Wired,2023-03-21T08:29:44Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7280,"British Spies and Irish Rebels: British Intelligence and Ireland, 1916–1945",Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/british-spies-and-irish-rebels/7568B69C4C33843EADE3D779DFFD975C,"One of the Irish Times' Books of the Year, 2008 Rebellion, partition and a messy peace settlement ensured that Ireland was a constant thorn in Britain's side after 1916. Britain was confronted by the bombs and bullets of militant republicans, the clandestine intrigues of foreign powers and the strategic dangers of Ireland's wartime neutrality - a final, irrevocable step in the country's difficult transition to independence. Using newly-opened archives, this book reveals for the first time how the British intelligence system responded to these threats. It lifts the lid on the underground activities of Britain's secret agencies - MI5, MI6/SIS and the Special Branch. It puts secret intelligence in the context of the government's other sources of information and explores how deep-rooted cultural stereotypes distorted intelligence and shaped perceptions. And it shows how, for decades, British intelligence struggled to cope with Ireland but then rose to the challenge after 1940, largely because the Dublin government began to share its secrets. The author casts light on characters long kept in the shadows - IRA gunrunners, Bolshevik agitators, Nazi agents, Irish loyalists who acted as British spies. His compelling book fills a gap in the history of the British intelligence community and helps explain the twists and turns of Anglo-Irish relations during a time of momentous change. PAUL MCMAHON gained his PhD from Cambridge University.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/88587VWG,2008,Paul McMahon,Cambridge University Press,,2023-03-20T19:35:58Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7281,"State Surveillance, Political Policing and Counter-Terrorism in Britain: 1880–1914",Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/state-surveillance-political-policing-and-counterterrorism-in-britain/22CDA681E98F50700225EB9848C61AC4,The formation of state surveillance and the emergence of institutionalized political policing in late Victorian and Edwardian Britain.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3RNU6L9W,March 2021,Vlad Solomon,Cambridge University Press,,2023-03-20T19:32:32Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1017/9781787445185,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285072378,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285072378,2023.0,2023.0,2021.0,,2.0 7282,"Intelligence Sharing Between Asymmetrical Allies: The US, Uganda, Sudan, and South Sudan Against the LRA",Book,https://africaworldbooks.com/product/intelligence-sharing-between-asymmetrical-allies-the-us-uganda-sudan-and-south-sudan-against-the-lra-by-malual-ayom-dor/,"Intelligence Sharing Amongst the Unequals is only one of a few books focusing on security and defence studies. It is unique because it is the first ever book which documents and examines intelligence sharing among the US, Uganda, Sudan, and South Sudan against the LRA, and it is written by an insider who served in a senior position in the SPLA at the time. This book will be useful in the fields of intelligence, defence, security, and strategic studies and is fit for use in universities and in military and security academies. It underlines the importance and contribution of intelligence sharing against LRA, a merciless Ugandan rebel movement which has caused havoc in Uganda, South Sudan, DR Congo, and CAR since it started its war against the government of President Museveni in 1986. Intelligence Sharing Amongst the Unequals argues that since the US, Uganda, Sudan, and South Sudan began sharing intelligence, the LRA capacity has been drastically reduced, making it a much more of a theoretical organisation. When the US announced that its special forces would cease operations against the LRA on 26 April 2017, the UPDF also announced that it would withdraw. Subsequently, South Sudan announced that it would not continue with LRA operations without the support of US and Ugandan forces. This clearly indicates that once the stronger partner leaves, a significant gap is created. Finally, the book argues that unless an intelligence sharing agreement is resumed against the LRA, the chance of the LRA resurfacing can never be ruled out.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/68FUGA3U,2021,Malual Ayom Dor,Africa World Books,,2023-03-20T19:30:14Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7283,Civilian Surveillance in the War in Ukraine: Mobilizing the Agency of the Observers of War,Journal article,https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/16255,"The war in Ukraine sees local and foreign civilians play active roles in the conflict, mainly through the participatory gathering and sharing of intelligence and open-source investigations of alleged human rights violations and war crimes. These surveillance practices seen in the war in Ukraine are not novel. Vigilantism campaigns have normalized since the War on Terror, while open-source information is increasingly recognized as a legitimate tool for human rights and international criminal justice investigation. Yet, their importance in the war in Ukraine highlights the agentic power of civilian surveillance. The proliferation of digital technologies empowers civilians to become inevitable actors in all spheres of politics, including war. However, across these practices, I argue that the Ukrainian government and its Western allies harness this agency as operational and narrative weapons. Patriotism and morality are pushed forward to mobilize individuals to participate in the war despite the risks that vigilantes and open-source investigators have to assume: risks of retaliation by Russian forces and lost independence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AKIV9VJ7,2023-03-16,Simon Hogue,,Surveillance & Society,2023-03-20T19:27:04Z,['Y959U28A'],10.24908/ss.v21i1.16255,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4327734687,12.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4327734687,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/download/16255/10617,0.0 7284,"Russian Hackers Step Up Cyber Espionage Against Ukraine and Allies, Microsoft Says",Newspaper article,https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-hackers-step-up-cyber-espionage-against-ukraine-and-allies-microsoft-says-aef4b31e,Findings from Microsoft and other security companies suggest Russia may be preparing to launch more aggressive and potentially destructive cyberattacks.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/THQ4GXR2,2023-03-15T19:00:00Z,"Dustin Volz, Robert McMillan",,Wall Street Journal,2023-03-16T09:56:29Z,"['8XXD789V', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7285,"Angolan State security/intelligence services, and their support of the MPLA and presidential hegemony",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2023.2191068,"Despite the so-called transition in Angola from a single-party Socialist regime to a multiparty liberal democracy in the 1990s, alongside several formal organizational, legal, and institutional changes, this article argues that the Angolan security/intelligence services have been able to maintain their primary purpose since their creation in 1975 up to the present day – to support and protect the hegemony of the People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) party, its elites and, above all, its President. The article outlines the evolution of the Angolan security/intelligence services in terms of their long-term continuity, exposing how changes in Angola’s political system in response to domestic and international challenges were circumvented by the security services without altering their main foundational objective, or making them more accountable to democratic civilian control.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HK9KFLKH,2023-03-15,Nuno Fragoso Vidal,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2023-03-15T14:34:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2023.2191068,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4324359058,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7286,Putin Is Trapped in the Sunk-Cost Fallacy of War,Blog post,https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/03/14/putin-ukraine-war-sunk-cost-fallacy/,Moscow is grasping for meaning in a meaningless invasion.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T2DZ8BLN,2023-03-14,David V. Gioe,,,2023-03-14T22:13:24Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7287,Nicholas Reynolds - Need to Know: World War II and the Rise of American Intelligence,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnvX8vxPodg,"Lunchtime Talk with Nicholas Reynolds - Need to Know: World War II and the Rise of American Intelligence William J. “Wild Bill” Donovan was on a mission. He had a mandate from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to lead an office that would coordinate American intelligence. But Donovan’s vision was even greater. He wanted to create a one-stop-shop that could conduct the full range of intelligence activities and functions. Donovan set about recruiting a larger-than-life cast of characters to join his new organization. That organization became the Office of Strategic Services or OSS, and it spearheaded the birth of American special operations. Nicholas Reynolds, former CIA operations officer, historian, and best-selling author discusses his new book, Need to Know: World War II and the Rise of American Intelligence. Reynolds addresses myths surrounding Donovan and the OSS while also explaining their role in the Second World War. Count on a few entertaining stories, too, like when Donovan hopped on a 1920s-era wooden biplane to tour a secret OSS camp deep behind enemy lines! Reynolds also offers insights on other topics, including the origins of the Five Eyes intelligence sharing alliance and “special relationship” between American and British intelligence, the development of signals intelligence and its centrality to the war effort, and personal and organizational rivalries that had lasting impacts on the U.S. Intelligence Community Authored by Nicholas Reynolds - Need to Know: World War II and the Rise of American Intelligence For more information follow us on our website and social media platforms. Website: https://jsou.edu/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/thin... Twitter: https://twitter.com/THINKJSOU Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ThinkJSOU/ YouTube: / @thinkjsou The views expressed in this video are entirely those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views, policy, or position of the United States Government, Department of Defense, United States Special Operations Command, or Joint Special Operations University.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AHYDWR8V,2023-03-13,Nicholas Reynolds,,,2023-03-14T08:37:04Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7288,THE INTRICATE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CITIZENS AND INTELLIGENCE SERVICES IN THE LIGHT OF INTELLIGENCE CULTURE,Journal article,https://www.animv.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/RISR-nr.-28-2022.pdf#page=68,"Intelligence operations are often considered mysterious and concealed. This air of mystery has affected how citizens perceive what intelligence services are and do. The interest of intelligence services in understanding what citizens’ think of them has considerably grown. However, there is a lack of consistent research on this topic. This article addresses the issues of citizens’ perceptions of intelligence activities and citizens’ trust towards intelligence services. Moreover, it proposes that the concept of intelligence culture.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GQ3B44K7,January 2022,Luco Guido Valla,,Romanian Intelligence Studies Review,2023-03-14T08:17:52Z,['NWAKWPT7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7289,Belgian Strategic Culture: A Historical Perspective on Intelligence and Security in Belgium,Thesis,https://repository.uantwerpen.be/docman/irua/f2a956/194518.pdf,"Rarely have intelligence and the Belgian intelligence and security services been a topic of discussion as often as in recent years, when the threat of terrorism and the attacks on Paris and Brussels brought Belgian national security front and center. As the world and a parliamentary commission of inquiry wondered what went wrong, the need for a greater understanding about intelligence in Belgium seemed long overdue. For the problems that have culminated in the failure of the system to prevent the attacks of 2015 and 2016 are not merely current organisational and budgetary issues. They have deep historical roots that are, like its domestic security service, as old as Belgium itself. This research asks why the nation that suffered two hostile invasions in the past, and nowadays hosts the headquarters of NATO and the EU, both high-profile institutions and therefore attractive targets not just for terrorism but also for espionage, has seemingly insignificant intelligence services and an underdeveloped strategic culture? How does Belgian intelligence work and how heavy weighs the influence of the past? Why do the same pathologies of compartmentalisation, competition, underachievement, and many other defects keep recurring? Why are security and intelligence chronically underfunded and neglected by Belgium’s governing bodies? What is a security culture, why don’t the Belgians have it and what should it then be? In order to arrive at explanations, the security studies concept of strategic culture is employed as an interdisciplinary methodology to approach both past and present of Belgian intelligence, to identify the underlying factors that are the cause of structural weaknesses, enduring dysfunctions, and strengths. This analytic framework allows for broader understanding about the capacities of the Belgian intelligence and security services, the constraints under which they operate, the challenges they face, and the influence of political and historical factors. Using archival sources, press clippings, interviews and discussions with insiders, and the reports of the Standing Intelligence Agencies Review Committee, this study is comprised of a series of published and unpublished material treating both the historical development of Belgium’s two intelligence services, as well as recent evolutions with a special focus on the circumstances in the run-up to the events of 2015 and 2016. vi Three historical studies provide the basis for the long-term perspective. The first chapter considers the intelligence of the Belgian Army before the institution of a service. Then follows a bird’s eye view of the development of the domestic security service VSSE from its inception in 1830 to the present. The third chapter describes the evolution of the military intelligence service ADIV. These articles reveal a body politic conflicted about security services, an attitude that stems from a liberal distrust of state power, which defines the difficult relationship of politics with intelligence and the police. Politicians and government officials deluded themselves into the safety of the neutrality guarantee and focused on internal subversion but not foreign threats, questioning the utility of intelligence services along the way. Security has thus never been a political priority, and the intelligence services stand out as the stepchildren of government. Lacking a legal framework, misunderstood and mistrusted by politicians and public alike, there was no interest in their development, and only marginally in their product. For the most part left to their own devices and expected to cope on their own, the services from time to time operated beyond the limits of what was acceptable, culminating in an array of scandals in the 1980s. These had a tremendous impact on public perception and on the machinery of intelligence, which from then on had to be strictly regulated. But there was little impulse for reform beyond addressing the pathologies in the legal framework, which assigned a more hands-on managerial role to the government, who quickly neglected its responsibility. Absence of executive management is a common theme throughout these chapters. It can be seen how even after the scandals in which cooperation between the intelligence services and with other institutions was shown to be the main defect, government did very little to redress those shortcomings and the services were allowed to continue in their old ways of entrenchment and rivalry, only to evolve slowly and reluctantly towards cooperation. The development of the threat assessment organ OCAD reveals a similar pathology as shown in the fifth chapter. Thus problems have been dealt with by ineffective half-measures and legislation that took years in the making and was lagging behind by the time it eventually became effective. A consideration of SIGINT capabilities offers a telling example how the 1998 legal framework lacked the most important intelligence collection methods because they were too politically sensitive and took until 2010 to be allowed. The immaturity of the framework however made it insufficient to cope with the threat of foreign terrorist fighters. This is expanded further in Chapter 7 in which the trends of complacency, indifference, political and financial agendas, as well as the primacy of conforming to vii legal standards, have mutually reinforced internal and external—information sharing— dysfunctions. To provide a comparative perspective, Belgian security history will be compared with the evolution in neighbouring The Netherlands, which shows a remarkable amount of parallelisms.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G7MQ6KVK,January 2023,Kenneth Luc Lasoen,,,2023-03-14T08:03:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Antwerp,,,,,,,,, 7290,From ‘Disinformation’ to ‘Information Disorder’: Changing the Narrative about Unwanted Communication,Blog post,https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/hjd/news/2023/blog-post---from-disinformation-to-information-disorder-changing-the-narrative-about-unwanted-communication,"Disinformation has become a popular subject of study and debate. A plethora of publications and policies have emerged, aiming to analyse and curb the negative consequences of unwanted communication.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2LQ5S75L,2023-03-02,Sophie Vériter,,,2023-03-13T20:48:12Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7291,Politics and intelligence analysis: the Canadian experience,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2181905,"Academic debate on the interplay between politics and intelligence is dominated by the U.S. experience. Our research, based on interviews with over sixty individuals in the Canadian intelligence and national security community and including political staffers, provides a new case study: that of Canada, a middle power with considerable access to intelligence through the Five Eyes partnership. We found that cases of hard politicization of intelligence analysis are virtually non-existent in Canada. The most important factor explaining this finding is Canada’s structural position in the world, or how its geography shapes the broader context of interactions between intelligence and politics. Beyond this, six more specific factors at the domestic level also matter: the relative unimportance of foreign and security policy as political issues, few opportunities, a lack of political benefits, low intelligence literacy generally among policy makers, poor transparency in national security decision making, and a tradition of non-partisanship in the civil service. The paper concludes by reflecting on this assessment: while hard politicization remains a rarity in Canada, the shields that have prevented the emergence of politicization will likely be increasingly tested in the future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B2ZYKHZL,2023-03-12,"Thomas Juneau, Stephanie Carvin",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-03-13T18:28:55Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2181905,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4323981300,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4323981300,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7292,Why the Five Eyes? Power and Identity in the Formation of a Multilateral Intelligence Grouping,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01123,"Adopting an analytically eclectic approach that draws on theories of realist bargaining, identity, and socialization, this article investigates the early Cold War origins of the Five Eyes intelligence grouping (the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand). An understanding of identity grounded in culture suggests a natural process of international intelligence community building, but this was not the case with the Five Eyes. The formation of the grouping was not preordained. Although Anglo-Saxonism was a necessary condition, it was not sufficient. In addition to being able to provide valuable sites for signals intelligence collection, aspiring members had to be seen as staunchly anti-Communist (and therefore politically trustworthy) by the United States in order to become full members of this exclusive community. Early postwar concerns over the political loyalties and secrecy protection regime of the Australian government prompted the British to initiate a process of socialization aimed at bolstering its affiliate's security institutions and practices and guaranteeing its own access to U.S. secrets.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NUQUT775,2023-03-03,Brad Williams,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2023-03-10T14:05:57Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1162/jcws_a_01123,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4323338971,15.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4323338971,2024.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-pdf/25/1/101/2073765/jcws_a_01123.pdf,1.0 7293,How to make sense of intelligence leaks,Magazine article,https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2023/03/09/how-to-make-sense-of-intelligence-leaks,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5235YWP5,2023-03-09,,,The Economist,2023-03-09T21:53:32Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7294,SOASINT—Socially Assisted Intelligence: Polish Intelligence in Denmark during World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2173922,"The phenomenon referred to as socially assisted intelligence (SOASINT) occurs when the work of ideologically motivated agents, mainly volunteers, becomes an indispensable or even dominant factor in the activities of a given intelligence network. Such “irregulars” come from different strata of the societies involved (including women) and fill gaps in the ranks and operational capabilities of professional, state intelligence services. In doing so, they change the character and culture of the entire organization. The text also raises questions about whether SOASINT can be considered a distinct discipline in intelligence research or simply a subcategory or separate doctrine in the framework of human intelligence with specific characteristics. The little-known history of Polish intelligence operations in Scandinavia during and after World War II serves as a model case study. However, intelligence by the Polish underground in the occupied country and France was conducted in a similar in vein. Furthermore, these cases will also be referred to in the text, drawing attention to the role of women in underground intelligence systems, which went from being auxiliary to—in some cases—dominant, which is most evident in the field of covert communications.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UKUXMTPC,2023-03-07,Władysław Bułhak,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-03-09T07:53:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2173922,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4323354625,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4323354625,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7295,Is sunlight the best counterintelligence technique? The effectiveness of covert operation exposure in blunting the Russian intervention in the 2020 U.S. election,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2181923,In runup to 2020 U.S. elections U.S. intelligence agencies tried to prevent Russian covert operations from affecting the results. Various methods were used including the exposure of detected covert Russian activities. The question of the actual effects of this counterintelligence operation however remains open. This study examines the effects of the exposure strategy on target public using a novel method. I find strong evidence that U.S. intelligence agencies efforts to expose the Russian hand succeeded in blunting the effects of the targeted covert activities. This indicates that the exposure counterintelligence strategy is a potent tool for defanging covert foreign election interference/partisan electoral interventions.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9PWLF4IW,2023-03-07,Dov H. Levin,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-03-09T07:52:32Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2181923,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4323353486,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4323353486,2023.0,2025.0,2023.0,,0.0 7296,HOW THE SECRET INTELLIGENCE SERVICES WILL CHANGE AFTER THE RUSSIA – UKRAINE WAR,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1098741,"Intelligence has changed. Secret Services is no longer just about spying or passively watching a target. Espionage chiefs now command secret armies and legions of cyber warriors who can quietly shape international relations itself. Intelligence actively supports diplomacy, peacekeeping and warfare: the entire spectrum of security activities. As traditional interstate wars become more costly, covert action, black propaganda and other forms of secret interventionism become more important. This ranges from proxy warfare to covert action; from targeted killing to disruption activity. Meanwhile, surveillance permeates communications to the point where many feel there is little privacy. Intelligence, and the accelerating technology that surrounds it, have never been more important for the citizen and the state. We will examine: why states choose to use intelligence – including fabricated intelligence for influencing external audiences, the different methods they deploy for doing so, the gains and costs of publicising intelligence, and how open-source third-parties affect this and, therefore, how the use of intelligence during the Russia-Ukraine conflict should be understood within broader historical and contemporary trends. We conclude that while liberal democracies’ use of intelligence in public is to be welcomed, this will need careful risk management - from sources and methods to public trust and politicization- if it is to become a new normal of statecraft moving forward.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3JQQC63A,December 2022,Ioana Hermina Păiuș,Regional Department of Defense Resources Management Studies,Defense Resources Management in the 21st Century,2023-03-09T07:49:47Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7297,Spying Through a Glass Darkly: The Ethics of Espionage and Counter-Intelligence,Book,,"Cécile Fabre draws back the curtain on the ethics of espionage and counterintelligence.Espionage and counter-intelligence activities, both real and imagined, weave a complex and alluring story. Yet there is hardly any serious philosophical work on the subject. Cécile Fabre presents a systematic account of the ethics of espionage and counterintelligence. She argues that such operations, in the context of war and foreign policy, are morally justified as a means, but only as a means, to protect oneself and third parties from ongoing violations of fundamental rights. In doing so, she addresses a range of ethical questions: are intelligence officers morally permitted to bribe, deceive, blackmail, and manipulate as a way to uncover state secrets? Is cyberespionage morally permissible? Are governments morally permitted to resort to the mass surveillance of their and foreign populations as a means to unearth possible threats against national security? Can treason ever be morally permissible? Can it ever be legitimate to resort to economic espionage in the name of national security? The book offers answers to those questions through a blend of philosophical arguments and historical examples. , Cécile Fabre draws back the curtain on the ethics of espionage and counterintelligence.Espionage and counter-intelligence activities, both real and imagined, weave a complex and alluring story. Yet there is hardly any serious philosophical work on the subject. Cécile Fabre presents a systematic account of the ethics of espionage and counterintelligence. She argues that such operations, in the context of war and foreign policy, are morally justified as a means, but only as a means, to protect oneself and third parties from ongoing violations of fundamental rights. In doing so, she addresses a range of ethical questions: are intelligence officers morally permitted to bribe, deceive, blackmail, and manipulate as a way to uncover state secrets? Is cyberespionage morally permissible? Are governments morally permitted to resort to the mass surveillance of their and foreign populations as a means to unearth possible threats against national security? Can treason ever be morally permissible? Can it ever be legitimate to resort to economic espionage in the name of national security? The book offers answers to those questions through a blend of philosophical arguments and historical examples.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WJQ87T4I,2022-04-25,Cécile Fabre,Oxford University Press,,2023-03-09T07:47:25Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7298,"The Dirty Tricks Department: The OSS, and the masterminds of World War II secret warfare",Book,https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250280244/thedirtytricksdepartment,"In the summer of 1942, Stanley Lovell, a renowned industrial chemist, received a mysterious order to report to an unfamiliar building in Washington, D.C. When he arrived, he was led to a barren room where he waited to meet the man who had summoned him. After a disconcerting amount of time, William “Wild Bill” Donovan, the head of the OSS, walked in the door. “You know your Sherlock Holmes, of course,” Donovan said as an introduction. “Professor Moriarty is the man I want for my staff…I think you’re it.” Following this life-changing encounter, Lovell became the head of a secret group of scientists who developed dirty tricks for the OSS, the precursor to the CIA. Their inventions included bat bombs, suicide pills, fighting knives, silent pistols, and camouflaged explosives. Moreover, they forged documents for undercover agents, plotted the assassination of foreign leaders, and performed truth drug experiments on unsuspecting subjects. Based on extensive archival research and personal interviews, The Dirty Tricks Department tells the story of these scheming scientists, explores the moral dilemmas that they faced, and reveals their dark legacy of directly inspiring the most infamous program in CIA history: MKULTRA.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZCPUW3LE,2023-07-03,John Lisle,Macmillan,,2023-03-08T07:15:23Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7299,"Artificial Intelligence, OSINT and Russia’s Information Landscape",Report,https://cetas.turing.ac.uk/publications/artificial-intelligence-osint-and-russias-information-landscape,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EWFGQ2MA,February 2023,"Charlie Winter, John Gallacher, Alexander Harris",,,2023-03-07T16:44:51Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7300,Information Warfare: Assessing the employment of open-source intelligence (OSINT) in battling disinformation during conflict – The Case Study of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine,Thesis,http://ikee.lib.auth.gr/record/345619,"Information warfare constitutes an instrument of war and is used to disrupt people’s access to accurate information and manipulate their emotions. To counteract the spread of misinformation, global fact-checking organizations and members of the open-source intelligence (OSINT) community have been gathering, evaluating, and verifying information from open sources in relation to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. This research offers a comprehensive examination of the dynamics of the utilization of OSINT for verification during conflict. By interviewing fact-checkers, journalists and OSINT analysts actively engaged with the Ukrainian war we explored what opportunities exist for further collaboration between journalists and the open-source intelligence (OSINT) community in the field of war reporting and verification. The Russian invasion of Ukraine had a notable impact on the expansion of the OSINT community, drawing in a diverse group of participants such as citizen analysts and experts in visual verification. Though the increase in volunteers strengthened the community by providing more resources for content collection, analysis, and verification, it also revealed the necessity for moderation and security within the community. Both journalists and the OSINT community agreed on the need for future collaborations but prefer to begin with informal exchanges of knowledge like workshops. The study found that participants heavily relied upon geolocation for their verification efforts and utilized the findings of OSINT volunteers shared through Geoconfirmed Twitter account. Similarly, OSINT reports were shared through traditional media which helped them reach wider audiences.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y47JUDLQ,January 2023,Stelios Pournis,,,2023-03-07T08:02:55Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Master's Thesis,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,,,,,,,,, 7301,The Bureau and the Realism of Spy Fiction,Journal article,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opphil-2020-0178/html,"This article addresses the issue of realism in relationship to contemporary serial fiction. Drawing on The Bureau (Canal+, 2015–2020), it argues that spy TV series are “realistic” not because they correspond to reality but because of their impact on reality. It begins by giving an overview of the many ways in which “realism,” in the ordinary sense of a resemblance with reality, served as the working framework for The Bureau ’s team. It then identifies three distinct types of realisms in the series. The first is a “fictional realism,” namely the ability of The Bureau to conform to the aesthetic and narrative conventions of realistic fictions. The second type of realism, which I qualify as “ordinary,” refers to the possibilities offered by the show’s aesthetics and the enmeshment of The Bureau with viewers’ ordinary experience. The third type of “performative realism” refers to the series’ impact on shared representations and reality. By providing a common language about the secret activities of the state, The Bureau has gone from being a framed version of reality to being one of the defining frameworks through which state secrecy is experienced both individually and collectively, by insiders and the public at large.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SL6QGENZ,2022-01-01,Pauline Blistène,De Gruyter Open Access,Open Philosophy,2023-03-06T22:14:11Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1515/opphil-2020-0178,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4206392940,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206392940,2022.0,2023.0,2022.0,https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/opphil-2020-0178/pdf,0.0 7302,ThinkJSOU: How to Stage a Coup and Ten Other Lessons from the World of Secret Statecraft,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zffk2r1LBzc,"Dr. Jeffrey Rogg speaks with Dr. Rory Cormac on his newest book How to Stage a Coup: And Ten Other Lessons from the World of Secret Statecraft on 8 February 2023. Discussion ranges from the inspiration for the book and the research that went into it and his next book, to the current and historical covert actions of global competitors (US, UK, Russia, China). Recommended Reading: How to Stage a Coup: And Ten Other Lessons from the World of Secret Statecraft by Dr. Rory Cormac Upcoming release to the US: Crown, Cloak, and Dagger by Dr. Rory Cormac For more information follow us on our website and social media platforms. Website: https://jsou.edu/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/thin... Twitter: https://twitter.com/THINKJSOU Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ThinkJSOU/ YouTube: / thinkjsou The views expressed in this video are entirely those of the speaker(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views, policy, or position of the United States Government, Department of Defense, United States Special Operations Command, or the Joint Special Operations University.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/78KSSNHQ,2023-03-03,Rory Cormac,,,2023-03-06T09:38:29Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7303,"Spying with Little Eye: Complexity of Intelligence Challenges in Europe, and the UK, Interference of Russian, Chinese and Iranian Intelligence, Oversight of Intelligence Infrastructure and Post Snowden Reform",Book,https://www.vijbooks.in/product-page/spying-with-little-eye-complexity-of-intelligence-challenges-in-europe-and-the,"The war in Ukraine experimented and assessed competency of Russian, Ukrainian and European intelligence agencies by their antithetical and divergent presuppositions. Moscow, Washington, Brussels and London miscalculated Ukrainian and Russian military power. Intelligence sharing among EU member states on this catastrophic war posed a dilemma. National Security threat perception and countering foreign espionage strategies in every member state was diversified while their response to international terrorism flattered underwhelming. Intelligence agencies in all EU member states were not sure of the reciprocation of their partners. Some states remarked their security was not under threat. Some intelligence agencies feared that their big partners might not share their national data on terrorism and radicalization. Mistrust and disinformation spread across Europe. In 2020, Boris Johnson’s administration published Russian intelligence report, while in 2022, British intelligence agencies yelled on the interference of Russian and Chinese intelligence agencies. The issue of foreign espionage once more appeared in newspapers, and the British Domestic Intelligence Agency (MI5) abruptly announced that Chinese intelligence agents were making things worse. The MI5 said; “a female Chinese national was engaged in political interference activities on behalf of Beijing”. The death of Alexander Litvinenko and attack on Sergei Skripal prompted development of new perceptions of fear that FSB, and GRU may possibly be interfering in domestic politics. Intelligence agencies across Europe and the UK maintained a very poor record of professional approach to the war in Ukraine. Foreign intelligence agencies in the UK and EU established different espionage, terrorist, and extremist networks to influence policy-making, target their critics and promote subversive activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4LUSD2UR,28 February 2023,Musa Khan Jalalzai,Vij Books,,2023-03-06T07:18:40Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7304,End of Anglo–Polish Cooperation in Special Operations between April and December 1945,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2173920,"The final months of World War II brought the end of Anglo–Polish cooperation in special operations. Intelligence aspects of this partnership were also important. The scale of wartime intelligence cooperation is shown by Secret Intelligence Service officer Commander Wilfred Dunderdale’s report and the achievements in a special operation in the history of the Polish Section of the Special Operations Executive. The British were concerned that the files of Polish intelligence and the Sixth Bureau dealing with special operations would fall into Moscow’s hands. They also did not intend to provide the authorities in Warsaw with technical achievements of Polish–British cooperation. The Foreign Office and Joint Intelligence Committee did not want to jeopardize efforts to solve the Polish question with the help from the Soviet Union, which controlled most of the prewar area of Poland. The problem was analyzed based on primary sources: archival documents and memories. Analysis shows that the British were not interested in using the resources of the Sixth Bureau and Polish resistance in Soviet-controlled Poland to prepare for a possible conflict with the Soviet Union. Polish émigrés and their agents were an obstacle in relations with Moscow.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8A6NJCI8,2023-03-03,Jacek Tebinka,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-03-05T09:56:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2173920,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4323034761,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4323034761,2023.0,2023.0,2023.0,,0.0 7305,National Security Transparency and Relations with Minority Communities,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2175630,"National security and intelligence communities in democracies have traditionally not been very transparent, in general and specifically in their relations with minority communities. This goes against basic principles of democratic governance, but it is also counterproductive: the lack of transparency hinders these organizations’ ability to protect national security. This article argues that a broader, proactive definition of transparency should replace traditional perspectives to better support enhanced engagement with minority communities. Next, it explains that for its gains to be sustainable, transparency must be institutionalized into the everyday work of national security organizations. Yet enhancing transparency is easier said than done: while the gains tend to emerge in the longer term, risks emerge in the short term. The article concludes by recognizing that enhancing national security transparency in relations with minority communities, although necessary, is complex and time-consuming, a reality underestimated by some of its proponents in civil society.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FEYB8RD8,2023-03-03,Thomas Juneau,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-03-05T09:54:02Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2175630,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4323035143,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4323035143,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 7306,Inquiries differ on why the 2017 Manchester bombing wasn't prevented – here's why,Magazine article,http://theconversation.com/inquiries-differ-on-why-the-2017-manchester-bombing-wasnt-prevented-heres-why-201037,The public inquiry exposes key individual failings while previous findings suggested bad luck was at play. This shows that talking to officers on the ground is vital if lessons are to be learnt.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PLPG234N,2023-03-03,Jamie Gaskarth,,The Conversation,2023-03-04T00:44:38Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7307,There Is No Such Thing as Open Source Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2172367,"This article argues that “open source intelligence (OSINT)” is a fundamentally incoherent concept that should be abandoned. It does so in two steps. First, by challenging the underlying criteria used to demarcate it as a separate “INT” among its more traditional peers. Second, through a historical critique that argues that “OSINT” as a conceptual category served a transitionary stage that has long passed. That is, it helped intelligence practitioners and scholars appreciate the influx of valuable unclassified information made newly available by the World Wide Web in the 1990s, but the advantages gained from this notion have now declined, and the concept is now a liability. By discarding the term altogether, and recategorizing openly derived sources of information back into their traditional homes, significant conceptual and analytical benefits can be attained.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HH5JZ4P3,2023-03-01,Joseph M. Hatfield,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-03-02T18:15:13Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850607.2023.2172367,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4322732743,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4322732743,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,,0.0 7308,Neither Confirm nor Deny: How the Glomar Mission Shielded the CIA from Transparency,Book,http://cup.columbia.edu/book/neither-confirm-nor-deny/9780231193474,"In 1974, the Hughes Glomar Explorer, ostensibly an advanced deep-sea mining vessel owned by reclusive billionaire Howard Hughes, lowered a claw-like contraption to the floor of the Pacific Ocean. This high-tech venture was only a cover story for an even more improbable scheme: a CIA mission to retrieve a sunken Soviet submarine. Like a Jules Verne novel with an Ian Fleming twist, the saga of the Glomar Explorer features underwater espionage, impossible gadgetry, and high-stakes international drama. It also marks a key moment in the history of transparency—and not just for what became known as the Glomar response: “We can neither confirm nor deny. . . . ”M. Todd Bennett plumbs the depths of government secrecy in this new account of the Glomar mission and its consequences. Trawling through recently declassified documents, he explores the logistics, media fallout, and geopolitical significance of one of the most ambitious operations in intelligence history. Glomar, Bennett argues, played a pivotal but underappreciated role in helping the CIA ward off oversight amid a push for transparency and accountability. He reframes the operation’s history to offer an alternative perspective on the 1970s, a decade known for expansive openness, as well as the persistent tension between the demands of democracy and the need for secrecy in foreign policy. Combining keen historical analysis and gripping storytelling, Neither Confirm nor Deny brings to the surface fresh insights into the history of the security state, the politics of intelligence, and the CIA’s relationship with the media and the public.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/68RD6Q5P,2023-01,M. Todd Bennett,Columbia University Press,,2023-03-02T07:16:07Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7309,The Incisive Fight: Recommendations for Improving Counterterrorism Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716208316947,"The intelligence community has evolved significantly since the failures of 9/11 and the inaccurate assessments on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. Congressional action has resulted in multiple far-reaching reforms and tectonic organizational shifts. On the strategic level, however, counterterrorism intelligence policy has been muddled during the past eight years. The Bush administration, for example, called on the intelligence community to ?bolster the growth of democracy.? The next president should cast aside political ideology and build on reform efforts to empower top-notch leaders. Strong new leaders in the intelligence community must energize the National Counterterrorism Center and provide the president with comprehensive and policy-relevant intelligence analysis. The United States cannot eliminate the global terrorist threat alone?the next president must boost cooperation with liaison security services. Finally, the intelligence community must bolster its operational capacity to find and detain terrorists around the world.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8EWVZUDY,2008-07-01,Eric Rosenbach,SAGE Publications Inc,The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,2023-03-01T14:50:37Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1177/0002716208316947,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2106767074,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2106767074,2014.0,2023.0,2008.0,,6.0 7310,Visual Analytics for cyber security and intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/1548512912464532,"In the context of modern defense and security operations, analysts are faced with a continuously growing set of information of different nature that causes significant information overload problems and prevents developing good situation awareness. Fortunately, Visual Analytics (VA) has emerged as an efficient way of handling and making sense of massive datasets by exploiting interactive visualization technologies and human cognitive abilities. Defence R&D Canada has conducted a review of the applicability of VA to support military and security operations. This paper is meant to provide someone new to this area with a quick overview of the current state of the art in VA. We introduce the important scientific visualization, interaction and reasoning concepts supporting VA, followed by VA advanced techniques. Then, we describe how VA can contribute to the cyber security and intelligence analysis application domains, along with promising research projects and commercial software. Finally, we discuss the future of VA research.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JMKX62G3,2014-04-01,"Valérie Lavigne, Denis Gouin",SAGE Publications,The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation,2023-03-01T14:50:19Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1177/1548512912464532,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1983576710,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1983576710,2014.0,2026.0,2014.0,,0.0 7311,Accountability and secrecy in the Australian Intelligence Community: the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316687646,"The Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security is a significant, evolving and little-known accountability mechanism. As the basis of a case study, publicly available committee documents offer valuable insights into accountability practices within an unusual area of government. These documents highlight a range of accountability exchanges and broader relationships, as well as some of their defining features. Exploring critical institutional factors requires conceptual clarity about accountability and what makes it effective or ineffective. An accountability forum can thus be examined as a social mechanism through which the key stages of accountability unfold, at least in theory. Secrecy is a potentially significant intervening variable in this case, but by applying democratic and constitutional perspectives on accountability, some more general strengths and weaknesses are evident.Points for practitionersWhile this institution and the Australian Intelligence Community are distinctive and interesting, empirical and normative understandings are limited. The relationship between accountability and secrecy is also significant but not particularly well understood. Accountability studies tend to have a strong conceptual focus, although some scholars have explored ?good? or ?poor? accountability. Focused on developing an evaluative framework concerning accountability within a secretive context, this study aims to contribute to these knowledge gaps, institutional concepts of accountability and emerging empirical work.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XTKKXRMW,2019-03-01,Richard Bolto,SAGE Publications Ltd,International Review of Administrative Sciences,2023-03-01T14:49:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1177/0020852316687646,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2595253860,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2595253860,2019.0,2025.0,2017.0,,2.0 7312,The FBI and Domestic Intelligence: Technocratic or Public Relations Triumph?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/001112878202800202,"It is argued that domestic intelligence operations in the Hoover FBI served essentially organizational and public relations functions for the Bureau. The Hoover FBI's unique position in the federal government was a direct result of its domestic intelligence responsibilities and the particular way internal security concerns were used for ends self-serv ing to the organization. The disparity between the Bureau's carefully cultivated image as a fighter of enemies of the state and its domestic intelligence performance was not revealed until the late 1960s, when the Nixon Administration became dissatisfied with the Bureau's in ability to anticipate the plans of domestic dissenters. This dissatisfac tion culminated in the Huston Plan of 1970. The real ""failure"" of FBI domestic intelligence under Hoover appears to be that it did not pro duce useful information for anticipating and managing dissent. The ""new"" FBI which has emerged in the post-Watergate era has been careful to dissociate itself from the abuses of the Hoover era. It is pointed out that the ""reform"" of domestic intelligence which has taken place has been largely administrative and internal to the ex ecutive branch. The reform has not been designed primarily to pro hibit past abuses, but rather to ensure executive control of intelligence operations. A reconstituted Bureau with domestic intelligence opera tions centrally guided and coordinated by the executive, and with few external checks and balances because of national security concerns, could pose a greater threat to civil liberties than did the Hoover Bu reau.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5RENYGBV,1982-04-01,Tony G. Poveda,SAGE Publications Inc,Crime & Delinquency,2023-03-01T14:49:15Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1177/001112878202800202,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2145087083,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2145087083,2020.0,2023.0,1982.0,,38.0 7313,The Canadian national intelligence culture: A minimalist and defensive national intelligence apparatus,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/00207020211048430,"This paper seeks to understand the nature and characteristics of Canadian national intelligence culture post?Cold War using the analytical insights of the strategic culture and intelligence culture literature. Previous studies have focused on an organizational description or historical studies of Canadian intelligence during the Cold War or after 9/11. Yet, no studies have examined the characterization of a national intelligence culture in Canada and proposed to contextualize the Canadian intelligence system in light of its national intelligence culture. Building on a culturalist approach of national intelligence systems, this paper proposes an operationalization of the national intelligence culture concept drawn on the strategic and intelligence culture literature. The paper concludes that Canada?s national intelligence culture is mostly defensive and minimalist. However, we note that recent changes in the Canadian intelligence apparatus have led to a gradual evolution of Canadian intelligence from defensive to offensive.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXNS4AN3,2021-09-01,Marco Munier,SAGE Publications Ltd,International Journal,2023-03-01T14:47:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.1177/00207020211048430,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3201761641,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3201761641,2025.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00207020211048430,4.0 7314,Military Intelligence as the National Intelligence Estimator: The Case of Israel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X08330934,"Although Israel constitutes an interesting case for the study of civil?military relations, the role played by its Directory of Military Intelligence (AMAN) has rarely been discussed in this context. This role is of special interest, since Israel is the only liberal democracy today in which a military intelligence service functions as the leading national estimator not only in military but also in civilian affairs. The unique Israeli model is usually justified by Israel?s security concerns?primarily the threat of a sudden conventional attack. To test this model?s validity, this article (1) traces and elucidates its historical development; (2) employs five crucial mini case studies to test its practical success or failure; and (3) explains how, in light of the fact that AMAN failed in four of the five cases, its military characteristics create inherent weaknesses that hamper its ability to serve as a high-quality national intelligence estimator.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9VUE4M9F,2010-04-01,Uri Bar-Joseph,SAGE Publications Inc,Armed Forces & Society,2023-03-01T14:46:03Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1177/0095327X08330934,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1998123598,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1998123598,2013.0,2025.0,2009.0,,4.0 7315,"‘Delayed Disclosure’: National Security, Whistle-Blowers and the Nature of Secrecy",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321718764990,"The significance of Edward Snowden?s revelations has been viewed primarily through the prism of threats to citizen privacy. Instead, we argue that the most dramatic change has been a decline of government secrecy, especially around national security. While the ethical aspects of state secrets and ?whistle-blowing? have received recent attention, few have attempted to explain the dynamics of this growing climate of exposure. Our argument is largely technological and we ground our analysis in the changing nature of intelligence work, which is increasingly merging with ?big data?. But we also identify a related cultural change: many intelligence contractors are at best agnostic about the national security state. Meanwhile, the Internet itself provides the perfect medium for the anonymous degradation of secrets. Because the main driver is technology, we suggest this trend is likely to accelerate, presenting national security chiefs with one of their biggest future challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NDITE6QI,2019-05-01,"Richard J Aldrich, Christopher R Moran",SAGE Publications Ltd,Political Studies,2023-03-01T14:45:03Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1177/0032321718764990,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2785133917,29.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2785133917,2018.0,2025.0,2018.0,,0.0 7316,War in Ukraine: Open Secrets,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Zkz52bXMf0,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5K9VXWG2,2023-01-03,,,,2023-01-26T15:45:30Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7317,US Spy Agency Girds for Fight Over Warrantless Surveillance,Newspaper article,https://www.inkl.com/news/us-spy-agency-gets-ready-for-fight-over-warrantless-surveillance-program/raaRBpivRlJ,"Senior Biden administration officials urged Congress to renew a warrantless surveillance program that expires later this year, calling it a “key intelligence authority.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SXKZ4HKE,2023-02-28,Peter Martin,,inkl,2023-03-01T11:21:11Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7318,The German Naval Intelligence Network in East Asia and Australia before the First World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2023.2178108,"Some Australian historians still fail to acknowledge that the young Commonwealth faced an existential threat in the First World War. Such an assessment is untenable in the light of the evidence available in the German archives. The German Naval Intelligence System was central to the economic warfare planning of Germany’s East Asian Cruiser Squadron, which aimed to interdict raw material and food exports from Australia to Britain in the event of war and bombard port infrastructure. Australian defence capabilities and economic production were reported on, and assessed, at the highest levels in Berlin. This required the establishment of an intelligence gathering network managed by the various German consulates in Australasian cities who employed leading businessmen loyal to the German empire.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RU4HGWBQ,2023-02-24,Peter Overlack,Routledge,War & Society,2023-02-28T07:19:11Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/07292473.2023.2178108,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4321786122,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7319,Twenty years on: Intelligence and Security Committee and investigating torture in the 'war on terror',Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2178606,"The central objective of democratic governance of intelligence is, through debate and law, to establish public confidence that the agencies work efficiently, effectively and properly. Oversight of intelligence can be seen as a contest between agencies, government and overseers for the control of information. The four interacting dimensions of information control are secrecy, gathering, evaluation and persuasion. This article assesses the oversight performance of the Intelligence and Security Committee (ISC) through the prism of information control in investigating the allegations of UK involvement in torture since 2001. Operating within an overall context of executive dominance, these dimensions constitute a series of filters including what officers tell their managers, what the agencies record, what they tell ministers, what they tell oversight bodies and, finally, what the ISC reports to the public.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WYI46NQY,2023-02-26,Peter Gill,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-02-27T20:23:15Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2023.2178606,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4322155006,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4322155006,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,,0.0 7320,India’s foreign intelligence history and future challenges,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2171535,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QH6QG4C2,2023-02-26,Ryan Shaffer,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-02-27T20:21:51Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2171535,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4322154978,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7321,"A delicate truth: John le Carré, spy fiction and intelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2151754,"This article introduces the importance of John le Carré’s work as a lens to study intelligence and international affairs. We introduce three themes that are developed throughout this issue. First, this issue contributes to methodological debates about how to study cultural artefacts in intelligence and security studies. Second, authors discuss representations of intelligence and underline the porous boundaries between fact and fiction. Third, contributions emphasize the universal character of le Carré’s oeuvre. We argue that fiction is an important line of enquiry since it is one of the most widely shared discourses on intelligence activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ADG4VEIA,2022-12-13,"Pauline Blistène, Damien Van Puyvelde",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-14T12:16:38Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2151754,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4311349054,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4311349054,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,,1.0 7322,Putin Should Have Known His Invasion Would Fail,Magazine article,https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/02/24/ukraine-russia-putin-war-invasion-military-failure/,Russian intelligence ignored facts in favor of wish-casting.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IBGE9RP7,2023-02-24,"David V. Gioe, Marina Miron",,Foreign Policy,2023-02-24T20:51:57Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7323,Russia and Ukraine have a common enemy - time,Newspaper article,https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2023/02/23/russia-and-ukraine-have-a-common-enemy---time.html,War’s most inflexible factor is time. How Ukraine and Russia’s clocks tick down will decide who wins this war.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q2F7R2HS,24 February 2023,"David V. Gioe, Tony Manganello",,The Jakarta Post,2023-02-24T09:35:09Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7324,Intelligence Analysis in the Digital Age,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Intelligence-Analysis-in-the-Digital-Age/Stenslie-Haugom-Vaage/p/book/9780367766993,"This book examines intelligence analysis in the digital age and demonstrates how intelligence has entered a new era. While intelligence is an ancient activity, the digital age is a relatively new phenomenon. This volume uses the concept of the ""digital age"" to highlight the increased change, complexity, and pace of information that is now circulated, as new technology has reduced the time it takes to spread news to almost nothing. These factors mean that decision-makers face an increasingly challenging threat environment, which in turn increases the demand for timely, relevant, and reliable intelligence to support policymaking. In this context, the book demonstrates that intelligence places greater demands on analysis work, as the traditional intelligence cycle is no longer adequate as a process description. In the digital age, it is not enough to accumulate as much information as possible to gain a better understanding of the world. To meet customers’ needs, the intelligence process must be centred around the analysis work – which in turn has increased the demand for analysts. Assessments, not least predictions, are now just as important as revealing someone else’s secrets. This volume will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, security studies, and international relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M8DDWM9S,06 August 2021,"Stig Stenslie, Lars Haugom, Bright H. Vaage",Routledge,,2023-02-22T22:30:50Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7325,The Handbook of Asian Intelligence Cultures,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538159996/VGhlLUhhbm,The Handbook of Asian Intelligence Cultures explores the historical and contemporary influences that have shaped Asian intelligence cultures as well as the impact intelligence service have had on ...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IEYX7934,October 2022,Ryan Shaffer,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2023-02-22T10:50:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7326,Critical Intelligence Studies: A new framework for analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2178163,"As the purpose of the study of intelligence is, in part, to aid the practice of intelligence, scholarship must reflect that practice. This article sets out a theoretical framework for Critical Intelligence Studies that will increase the real-world applicability of the study of intelligence as currently represented by Intelligence Studies. Critical Security Studies’ recognition of the broadening and widening of the concept of security, and the ensuing recognition that intelligence work is not only done by state intelligence agencies or for the security of states, provides an opportunity to push forward the study of intelligence into a position where a well-developed, and theoretically sound, Critical Intelligence Studies can be meaningfully said to exist.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DJDF4G5X,2023-02-21,"Samantha Newbery, Christian Kaunert",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-02-22T10:34:46Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2178163,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4321433674,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4321433674,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2178163,0.0 7327,Rise of the Mavericks: The U.S. Air Force Security Service and the Cold War,Book,https://www.usni.org/press/books/rise-mavericks,"Rise of the Mavericks traces the beginnings and subsequent development of the U.S. Air Force Security Service. Established in 1948 as part of the emerging U.S. national security apparatus, this communications intelligence organization was meant to place the fledgling U.S. Air Force on a competitive footing with its Army and Navy counterparts. As World War II ended and the Cold War began, Air Force leaders understood that an effective cryptologic capability would be crucial for maintaining and enhancing the Air Force as a strategic and decisive component of America’s national defense. Successfully deploying air-atomic strategy in the event of a future war would require reliable information on the capabilities, intentions—and potential targets—of an opposing force, in particular the Soviet Union. Communications intelligence would be a critical source of this information, and Air Force leaders were adamant that their service not remain dependent on other service structures for this capability. The Air Force Security Service rose to the occasion, quickly establishing itself as one of the preeminent communications intelligence agencies in the United States. Rise of the Mavericks fills the gap in the military and intelligence history literature and further complicates the literature surrounding the history of the NSA, which too often ignores or hastily addresses the contributions and role of the service COMINT agencies during the early Cold War period. The book explains how Air Force Security Service personnel were viewed as mavericks by other U.S. military and government organizations. The airmen lived up to this characterization by creating and developing an independent communications intelligence capability while persistently resisting the controlling efforts of the Armed Forces Security Agency and the National Security Agency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XP9HZ6WM,15 April 2023,Philip C. Shackelford,U.S. Naval Institute PRess,,2023-02-21T07:15:22Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7328,A World Emerging From Pandemic: Implications for Intelligence and National Security,Book,https://ni-u.edu/wp/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/A-World-Emerging-From-Pandemic.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MVNKSD6T,March 2022,"Stacey E. Pollard, Lawrence A. Kuznar",NI Press,,2023-02-19T20:53:12Z,['N8VR3BYE'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7329,"The Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance Liaison Officer: A Critical Intelligence Node in Agile Combat Operations",Blog post,https://www.alsa.mil/News/Article/3283115/the-intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance-liaison-officer-a-critical-intelli/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alsa.mil%2FNews%2FArticle%2F3283115%2Fthe-intelligence-surveillance-reconnaissance-liaison-officer-a-critical-intelli%2F,This article offers observations in conceptual and practical employment of ISRLOs in an expeditionary capacity whether in support of the USAF or its sister components. It can be leveraged by MAJCOM,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9TITJD4L,01 February 2023,"Melissa Sidwell-Bowron, Matthew Winot",,,2023-02-18T08:10:55Z,"['28B8SB3Y', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7330,The Future of National Intelligence: How Emerging Technologies Reshape Intelligence Communities,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538160695/The-Future-of-National-Intelligence-How-Emerging-Technologies-Reshape-Intelligence-Communities,The Future of National Intelligence: How Emerging Technologies Reshape Intelligence Communities provides a blueprint for the future of national intelligence agencies by exploring emerging technolo...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9DB6I2H7,October 2022,Shay Hershkovitz,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2023-02-17T22:54:39Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7331,"In wake of Ukraine war, U.S. and allies are hunting down Russian spies",Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/02/17/russia-spies-europe-arrests/,"Since the start of the war in Ukraine, U.S. and European security service have been waging a campaign to root out Russian spy networks on the continent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A7YWYNP8,2023-02-17,"Greg Miller, Souad Mekhennet, Emily Rauhala, Shane Harris",,Washington Post,2023-02-17T08:07:18Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7332,Sometimes the story is about the spies who aren’t there,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/02/16/russian-spying-baer-redmond-fourth-man/,"Hollywood loves a good espionage thriller, but the obsessive search for moles can do its own kind of damage.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EKKYVUAP,2023-02-16,David Ignatius,,Washington Post,2023-02-17T07:56:34Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7333,Third States Sharing Military Intelligence with Ukraine,Thesis,https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=9105347&fileOId=9107799,"This essay analyzes the legality of the sharing of military intelligence by third States with Ukraine. The analysis is made primarily with the law of neutrality and the Charter of the United Nations in focus but also draws on the work of legal scholars for specific insights into international law. Details on military intelligence are rarely publicly disclosed which entails complexities with conducting case studies. This analysis is therefore of a general nature, although only considering the international armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The essay concludes that the intelligence sharing is illegal under the traditional law of neutrality, i.e. as it is formulated in the Hague Conventions of 1907, because it violates the principle of impartiality. However, it may be legal provided that a distinctive form of the law of neutrality, called qualified neutrality, is considered to be valid. On the contrary, it concludes that the sharing of intelligence is legal under the UN Charter since it would be considered a measure of collective self-defence according to Art. 51 of the UN Charter.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NALBWLZH,September 2022,Oskar Jönsson,,,2023-02-16T09:13:50Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Master's Thesis,Lund University,,,,,,,,, 7334,Failing a Sacred Trust,Blog post,https://thesteadystate.medium.com/failing-a-sacred-trust-f281b812b956,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W62UWHEC,2023-02-14T23:15:39.141Z,Brigham Bechtel,,,2023-02-16T08:56:26Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7335,The Declassification Engine: what history reveals about America’s top secrets,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/545793/the-declassification-engine-by-matthew-connelly/,"Before World War II, transparent government was a proud tradition in the United States. In all but the most serious of circumstances, classification, covert operations, and spying were considered deeply un-American. But after the war, the power to decide what could be kept secret proved too tempting to give up. Since then, we have radically departed from that open tradition, allowing intelligence agencies, black sites, and classified laboratories to grow unchecked. Officials insist that only secrecy can keep us safe, but its true costs have gone unacknowledged for too long. Using the latest techniques in data science, historian Matthew Connelly analyzes a vast trove of state secrets to unearth not only what the government really does not want us to know but also why they don’t want us to know it. Culling this research and carefully examining a series of pivotal moments in recent history, from Pearl Harbor to drone warfare, Connelly sheds light on the drivers of state secrecy—especially incompetence and criminality—and how rampant overclassification makes it impossible to protect truly vital information. What results is an astonishing study of power: of the greed it enables, of the negligence it protects, and of what we lose as citizens when our leaders cannot be held to account. A crucial examination of the self-defeating nature of secrecy and the dire state of our nation’s archives, The Declassification Engine is a powerful reminder of the importance of preserving the past so that we may secure our future.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LFJTURF8,14 February 2023,Matthew Connelly,Pantheon,,2023-02-15T09:24:54Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7336,Western intelligence shows Russians amassing aircraft on Ukraine border,Newspaper article,https://www.ft.com/content/3fd6e91f-71e4-4c02-9360-be20a2a78763,Nato allies to prioritise rapid shipments of air defences and ammunition as conflict enters new phase,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X82CXN2N,2023-02-14,"Felicia Schwartz, Henry Foy",,Financial Times,2023-02-15T00:54:41Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7337,FSB Academy's Reading List,Forum post,https://twitter.com/ChekistMonitor/status/1625525372988301315,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DBNPNC46,2023-02-14T16:00Z,Filip Kovacevic,,,2023-02-15T00:52:22Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7338,Contesting France: Intelligence and US Foreign Policy in the Early Cold War,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/contesting-france/3E44CF211D487ACC0B37D67A0F22B766,"Contesting France reveals the untold role of intelligence in shaping American perceptions of and policy toward France between 1944 and 1947, a critical period of the early Cold War when many feared that French communists were poised to seize power. In doing so, it exposes the prevailing narrative of French unreliability, weakness, and communist intrigue apparent in diplomatic dispatches and intelligence reports sent to the White House as both overblown and deeply contested. Likewise, it shows that local political factions, French intelligence and government officials, colonial officers, and various trans-national actors in imperial outposts and in the metropole sought access to US intelligence officials in a deliberate effort to shape US policy for their own political postwar agendas. Using extensive archival research in the United States and France, Susan McCall Perlman sheds new light on the nexus between intelligence and policymaking in the immediate postwar era.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JUCYRXLW,February 2023,Susan McCall Perlman,Cambridge University Press,,2023-02-15T00:42:53Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1017/9781009053907,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4318767946,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4318767946,2024.0,2024.0,2023.0,,1.0 7339,"Murder on Waterloo Bridge: placing the assassination of Georgi Markov in past and present context, 1970 - 2018",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2022.2160707,"In 1978, Bulgarian dissident writer Georgi Markov was murdered on Waterloo Bridge by an unknown assassin. The brazen attack in central London, Markov’s public profile and the alleged use of an exotic spy gadget (a poison umbrella) made the murder one of the Cold War’s most infamous cases of political assassination. However, despite wide-spread suspicions the case formally remains open, with the British government taking only limited actions against Bulgaria, the presumed culprit. This article draws on recently declassified archival materials from the United Kingdom to provide the first historical account focusing on the British dimensions of the case. The article discusses Markov’s journey to London, his murder and the British government’s response. It argues that the limited response to Markov’s murder largely followed uncertainty regarding the identity of the assassin and culpability of the Bulgarian state, as well as the political climate in the twilight years of détente. In contrast, British authorities responded tentatively to the attack on Litvinenko in 2006 and much more decisively to the attack on Skripal in 2018. This was due to the step change in the information environment providing more actionable intelligence and increasing unwillingness to accept Russian belligerence on UK soil.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V6H28CWH,2023-01-18,"Daniel Salisbury, Karl Dewey",Routledge,Contemporary British History,2023-02-13T23:54:25Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/13619462.2022.2160707,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4317214049,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4317214049,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13619462.2022.2160707?download=true,1.0 7340,The Cult of Secrecy,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/patrick-radden-keefe-cult-of-secrecy-america-classification-crisis?utm_medium=social,America’s classification crisis.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2CCR9N37,2023-02-13T00:00:00-05:00,Patrick Radden Keefe,,Foreign Affairs,2023-02-13T23:35:16Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7341,How Serbia’s Cyber-War Outreach Taught Legions of Serbian Schoolchildren the Art of Hacking,Blog post,https://lithub.com/how-serbias-cyber-war-outreach-taught-legions-of-serbian-schoolchildren-the-art-of-hacking/,"Through the hot summer of 1998, electricity hung in the air. It felt as if the power of the electrical zeroes and ones pulsing through schools, homes, intelligence, militaries, and universities was…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KYWMEGX6,2023-01-11T09:53:55+00:00,Matt Potter,,,2023-02-10T21:46:30Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7342,Yugoslavia and Britain’s clandestine actions in Romania during the Second World War,Journal article,https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1091778,"The Balkan Peninsula was one of the regions in which Britain placed great emphasis on organising clandestine actions during the Second World War. On the one hand, London was keen on securing its strategic interests in the Eastern Mediterranean and, on the other, to prevent Nazi Germany to get food and oil products from the Balkan countries. In this context, Yugoslavia represented an important field of action for Britain in organising clandestine operations in Romania. Many of the British secret agents who arrived in Romania during this period came via Yugoslavia, and some of those who had to withdraw from Bucharest after 1940 did so via Belgrade. The blockade of German oil tankers on the Danube was also organised with the help of Yugoslavia. Our study attempts to shed light on these connections between the two countries, which, although holding a different status during the war years, were often perceived by British intelligence as a united front.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2U6IC6L4,2022,Alexandru D. Aioanei,Editura Universităţii »Alexandru Ioan Cuza« din Iaşi,Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii »Alexandru Ioan Cuza« din Iaşi. Istorie,2023-02-07T09:47:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7343,"Communication and religious mobility: A European intelligence network, 1560–1590",Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003278672-21/communication-religious-mobility-vittoria-feola,"This essay argues for the integration of the history of intelligence into mobility studies. First, it surveys the historiographies of communication and religious mobility in 16th-century Europe. Next, it presents a European intelligence network from 1560 to 1590 as a case study to show that nowhere can one analyse mobility of information better than in spy channels. It concludes by suggesting that we need further research into the religious and commercial backgrounds of highly mobile operatives; this, in turn, begs for further research about the links between the mobility of information, goods and people along commercial routes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GD2VYTS7,31 January 2023,Vittoria Feola,Routledge,,2023-02-08T22:57:35Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,Reimagining Mobilities across the Humanities,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7344,Modeling an Intelligence Analysis Profession on Medicine,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850600600829882,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XXI44CDD,2006-12-01,"Stephen Marrin, Jonathan D. Clemente",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-02-08T11:28:47Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850600600829882,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074061346,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074061346,2012.0,2023.0,2006.0,,6.0 7345,"Russia planning massive military offensive against Ukraine involving 175,000 troops, U.S. intelligence warns",Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/russia-ukraine-invasion/2021/12/03/98a3760e-546b-11ec-8769-2f4ecdf7a2ad_story.html,"Satellite imagery shows a buildup of Russian forces near Ukraine’s borders, as well as newly arrived tanks and artillery.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VTU8FVB4,03-12-2021,"Shane Harris, Paul Sonne",,Washington Post,2022-02-27T18:04:34Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7346,Putin's Man at the BND: German Intelligence Rocked By Russian Espionage Scandal,Newspaper article,https://www.spiegel.de/international/putin-s-man-at-the-bnd-german-intelligence-rocked-by-russian-espionage-scandal-a-b0ba7227-9be3-4d65-be19-898fc666a612,"Germany's foreign intelligence agency, the BND, has been rocked by an espionage scandal centered around one of its staffers. The man, who is suspected of having spied for Russia, works in a department that provides critical intelligence in the Ukraine war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JPUYB4IB,04-01-2023,"Maik Baumgärtner, Jörg Diehl, Matthias Gebauer, Martin Knobbe, Roman Lehberger, Ann-Katrin Müller, Fidelius Schmid, Wolf Wiedmann-Schmidt",,Der Spiegel,2023-01-09T14:46:55Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7347,A Tale of Two Clocks: A Framework for Assessing Time Pressure and Advantage in the Russo-Ukrainian War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221145690,"This article assesses the role and understanding of war?s most inflexible factor?time?and its associated pressures and advantages in the Russo-Ukrainian War. While there seems to be no consensus on who might prevail (and of course the elements of what constitutes victory itself can vary), the passage of time?frequently understood in military terms as endurance and exhaustion?is a useful framework to assess the direction of the war, relative advantage at various stages, who may ultimately prevail, and under what conditions that may be possible. Although timetables and schedules have played an enormous role in military history, there appears to be no systematic assessment of the role of time in relation to strategy and victory in the Russo-Ukrainian war. This article sets out the fill that gap through a systematic comparison of time?s passing and time pressures facing the combatants.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7U2CAGQN,13-01-2023,"David V. Gioe, Tony Manganello",SAGE Publications Inc,Armed Forces & Society,2023-01-14T10:31:33Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1177/0095327X221145690,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4319842750,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4319842750,2023.0,2024.0,2023.0,https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0095327X221145690,0.0 7348,How far should US intelligence go in supporting Russia’s armed opposition?,Newspaper article,https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/3816970-how-far-should-us-intelligence-go-in-supporting-russias-armed-opposition/,"The horrific images of Russia’s latest targeted strike on an apartment building, killing dozens of Ukrainian civilians, provoked renewed pleas for the U.S. and its allies to provide Kyiv with more…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GFUQAG6U,19-01-2023,Douglas London,,The Hill,2023-01-19T20:28:50Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7349,Responding to Uncertainty: The Importance of Covertness in Support for Retaliation to Cyber and Kinetic Attacks,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/00220027231153580,"This paper investigates the escalation dynamics of cyber attacks. Two main theories have been advanced. First, ?means-based? theory argues attack type determines response; cyber attacks are less likely to escalate than kinetic attacks. Second, ?effects-based? theory argues an attack?s material consequences determine the likelihood of retaliation. We advance a third perspective, arguing that the covertness of an attack has the largest effect on its propensity towards escalation. We identify two characteristics of covertness that affect support for retaliation: the certainty of attribution and its timing. We use a survey experiment to assess public support for retaliation, while varying the means, effects, timing, and attribution certainty of attacks. We find no evidence for the effects-based approach, instead finding high levels of support for retaliation regardless of an attack?s scale. We find that the most significant contributor to support for retaliation is an attack?s covertness.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/94UYESJ7,2023-02-01,"Kathryn Hedgecock, Lauren Sukin",SAGE Publications Inc,Journal of Conflict Resolution,2023-02-06T14:25:30Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1177/00220027231153580,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4318774851,16.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4318774851,2020.0,2026.0,2023.0,http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/117916/1/Sulkin_responding_to_uncertainty_published.pdf,-3.0 7350,The Assault on Intelligence: American National Intelligence in an age of lies,Book,https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/566537/the-assault-on-intelligence-by-michael-v-hayden/,"A blistering critique of the forces threatening the American intelligence community, beginning with the President of the United States himself, in a time when that community's work has never been harder...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IVQY48FN,07 May 2019,Michael V. Hayden,Penguin,,2023-02-06T14:22:22Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7351,Intelligence scandals: a comparative analytical model and lessons learned from the test case of North Macedonia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065616,"Most countries that possess intelligence services have encountered intelligence scandals involving actual or alleged intelligence activities. This paper offers a definition of intelligence scandal and creates a new analytical model for assessing intelligence scandals. Application of the analytical model to six key intelligence scandals in North Macedonia shows that various intelligence and political actors can commit a wide range of transgressions in largely internal and external political contexts with very broad political and security impacts. The case also shows the competitive nature of the triggers of the scandals, various kinds of actors’ defences, and the scandals’ long duration.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BY7CNQYX,2023-01-02,"Iztok Prezelj, Teodora Tea Ristevska",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-02-06T14:20:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2065616,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4224324928,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4224324928,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065616?needAccess=true,1.0 7352,Deciphering intelligence analysis: the synthetic nature of the core intelligence function,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2041947,"Intelligence analysis is one of the most explored topics in intelligence studies. However, decoding its nature is still challenging. A unifying question must be considered: ‘Is intelligence analysis – analysis?’ Unfolding the problem leads to an extreme conclusion: intelligence analysis is a way to structure sensory data collection and reduction. It is, namely, synthesis. A systematic scrutiny of the general nature of analysis is considered to compare it to what intelligence analysis is intended to be. As it will turn out, intelligence analysis is much more synthesis – namely, structuring sensory data collection – than analysis per se, which is the main conclusion of the argument.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3XTW3PW3,2023-01-02,Giangiuseppe Pili,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-02-06T14:17:14Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2041947,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4220933998,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4220933998,2023.0,2024.0,2022.0,,1.0 7353,Britain’s key counter-subversion instrument before the 1971 withdrawal from the Gulf: Voice of the Coast [Sawt Al Saahil] Arabic radio station,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2083817,"Countering nationalistic, pan-Arabic and anti-British subversion became a core British security policy in the Middle East in the 1950s but Britain only became concerned with subversion in its protected states of the lower Arabian Gulf (now known as the United Arab Emirates) in the early 1960s. A core element of its local counter-subversion strategy in this region was the covert Arabic radio station Voice of the Coast [Sawt Al Saahil] in Sharjah. By detailing this station's history, this article expands the limited coverage of Britain's countersubversion efforts in the Middle East from the early 1960s to the early 1970s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B98HYJET,2023-01-02,Athol Yates,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-02-06T14:15:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2083817,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4283161596,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2083817?needAccess=true, 7354,Researching National Security Intelligence: Multidisciplinary Approaches,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/researching-national-security-intelligence,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T7J9FRS2,November 2019,"Stephen J. Coulthart, Michael Landon-Murray, Damien Van Puyvelde",Georgetown University Press,,2023-02-06T14:09:53Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7355,Canadian Military Intelligence: Operations and Evolution from the October Crisis to the War in Afghanistan,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/canadian-military-intelligence,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7ZMLNUI3,October 2022,David A. Charters,Georgetown University Press,,2023-02-06T14:07:22Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7356,Intelligence under democracy and authoritarianism: a philosophical analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076340,"This article compares the secret state intelligence activities of democracies and authoritarian systems, arguing that authoritarian intelligence is fundamentally different than democratic intelligence. The very meaning of the term ‘information security’ differs dramatically between the two regime types. In authoritarian systems, analytical objectivity in intelligence both is not and should not be the primary goal. Authoritarian intelligence systems are best understood as ‘Palace Guards’ whose primary aim is to secure the authoritarian regime against threats emanating most importantly from their domestic population. The relationship between Intelligence Studies and Philosophy is explored throughout the paper.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RR9ZI7SR,2022-09-19,Joseph M. Hatfield,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-02-05T23:28:21Z,['7R9UG9WU'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076340,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281644585,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281644585,2022.0,2026.0,2022.0,,0.0 7357,"Spies, Lies, and Algorithms",Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/spies-lies-and-algorithms?utm_source=twitter_posts&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=tw_daily_soc,"Russian social media meddling in the 2016 U.S. election should serve as a wake-up call: U.S. intelligence community must shift its focus from counterterrorism to a suite of new technological threats, from AI to deepfakes and disinformation warfare.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G8FAS4KZ,2019-04-16T00:00:00-04:00,"Amy Zegart, Michael Morell",,Foreign Affairs,2023-02-05T22:53:25Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7358,Frenemies: US-Israel Spy Strains Emerge Over Iran,Blog post,https://www.spytalk.co/p/frenemies-us-israel-spy-strains-emerge,"Righwing swing in Mossad has hardened over years of war with Hamas, Iran threat",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7NEBTW5,2023-02-04,Jonathan Broder,,,2023-02-05T22:49:21Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7359,Israel’s Intelligence Services in Iran: Exploiting Vulnerabilities for Penetration,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2023.2167245,"This article is the first systematic attempt that combines the analysis of the vulnerabilities to which the Iranian intelligence services have been exposed in the last decades and the ways and methods of Israel’s intelligence—most and foremost, the Mossad—to exploit them. In particular, four factors have been looked into (i.e., rivalries between various players of the political establishment and intelligence agencies, regime fragility, tense geopolitical environment, and increased complexity due to adversaries’ tradecraft sophistication). Examined through the lens of the concept of reflexive control and substantiated by numerous examples available in the public domain, the article seeks to advance our understanding of the dynamics of clandestine intelligence operations in the Middle East.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NH7B5HWA,2023-02-02,Grigorij Serscikov,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-02-05T11:54:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2023.2167245,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4318946855,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4318946855,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,,2.0 7360,The National Intelligence Director: Over-Classification Undermines Democracy,Blog post,https://www.govexec.com/management/2023/01/national-intelligence-director-over-classification-undermines-democracy/382346/,The ongoing investigations into handling of sensitive documents by former presidents and vice presidents have brought potential problems with the classification system back into the spotlight.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GU6Z5CYA,2023-01-30,Courtney Buble,,,2023-02-02T15:59:22Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7361,Why HAL 9000 is not the future of intelligence analysis: Intelligence analysis in the 21st century,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/2566,"Intelligence analysis is a core function of the intelligence process, and its goal is to synthesize reliable information to assist decision-makers to take a course of action toward an uncertain future. There is no escape from uncertainty, friction, and the fog of war. Since the dawn of human history, the present moment has been experienced as unpredictable, and the challenge of determining the right future through sound decisions has always existed. Investing in new technology, continually touted as the answer for analytic troubles, seems far less difficult in the short run than trying to find consensus about a long-term vision. It is easier to develop a nuclear missile, for example, than to give a universal definition of peace, and this is what the history of the XX century was all about. While intelligence analysis is still a necessary tool for decision-makers, it is unclear who or what will perform this function in the future. Though the solution cannot be only technological, the current trajectory tells a different story whereby the human analysts are removed from their central position to make way for Artificial Intelligence. Received: 2021-02-23Revised: 2021-04-13",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8MGCWT2I,2021-05-31,Giangiuseppe Pili,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T09:02:33Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.21810/jicw.v4i1.2566,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3168957553,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/2566/2207, 7362,Post-COVID World: Dealing with Future Health Crises and the Role of the National Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/4199,"On November 26, 2021, Dr. Patrick Walsh presented on Post-COVID World: Dealing with Future Health Crises and the Role of the National Intelligence Community at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed by Dr. Walsh were the emerging health security threats and risks and the role of the intelligence community in managing these threats and risks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E497QSS9,2022-02-27,Patrick Walsh,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T09:00:56Z,['N8VR3BYE'],10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4199,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4214479868,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/4199/3393, 7363,"Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in National Security Intelligence",Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/4197,"On November 23, 2021, Mr. Artur Wilczynski, Associate Deputy Chief at Communications Security Establishment (CSE), presented on Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in National Security Intelligence at the 2021 CASIS Vancouver West Coast Security Conference. This presentation was followed by a question and answer period and a breakout room session with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed included how a lack of diversity in intelligence can negatively contribute to Canada’s national security, how diversity broadens the effectiveness of organizations, and how Canadian national security institutions must be in service to all Canadians.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WRJ9KBXW,2022-02-27,Artur Wilczynski,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T09:00:17Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4197,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4214742466,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/4197/3391, 7364,The Tradecraft of Warning: Warning Intelligence in the 21st Century,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/4188,"On November 23, 2021, Mr. Randolph Pherson, Chief Executive Officer of Globalytica and President of Pherson Associates, presented on The Tradecraft of Warning: Warning Intelligence in the 21st Century at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a moderated question and answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were who is responsible for the role of strategic warning, the causes of warning failures and how to mitigate them, as well as ways to deliver a warning message when dealing with senior policy makers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XBTHRXXB,2022-02-18,Randolph Pherson,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:59:41Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4188,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4213034822,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4213034822,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/4188/3384,2.0 7365,The Changing Nature of Intelligence Education,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/4166,"On November 23, 2021, Dr. Stephen Marrin, program director at James Madison University, presented on The Changing Nature of Intelligence Education at the 2021 CASIS Vancouver West Coast Security Conference. This presentation was followed by a question and answer period and a breakout room session with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed included the nature of intelligence studies, the importance of having diverse perspectives in the intelligence and national security space, and the importance of bridging gaps between scholars and practitioners.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IUZQMGNB,2022-01-31,Stephen Marrin,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:59:16Z,['H28QZ8XV'],10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4166,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210392164,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4210392164,2026.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/4166/3370,4.0 7366,Canadian Intelligence for the Dangerous Decades,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/4157,"On November 23, 2021, Mr. Greg Fyffe presented Canadian Intelligence for the Dangerous Decades at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points of discussion included an overview of Mr. Fyffe’s most recent report on the structure of the Canadian intelligence system and points of improvement for both the Canadian intelligence system as well as the national security strategy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IH6XSCF6,2022-01-31,Greg Fyffe,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:58:56Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.21810/jicw.v4i3.4157,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210696063,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/4157/3361, 7367,Security and Cyber Intelligence: Where is the Line?,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/4339,"On May 19, 2022, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies (CASIS)-Vancouver hosted a Digital Roundtable titled Security and Cyber Intelligence: Where is the Line? conducted by Mubin Shaikh, a counter extremist specialist at Parents for Peace and a Professor for Public Safety at Seneca College. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS-Vancouver executives. The main discussion topics centered around the evolving means to perform intelligence and security operations, transforming cyber biology elements, and the elusive vulnerability of the average person as it relates to these security challenges.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HS8CRVUL,2022-11-24,Mubin Shaikh,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:54:49Z,['8XXD789V'],10.21810/jicw.v5i2.4339,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4310046299,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/4339/4264, 7368,Spy watching: Intelligence accountability in the United States,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/2767,"Dr. Loch K. Johnson presented on intelligence accountability in the United States during the Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations at the 2020 CASIS Vancouver West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with questions from the audience. The key points discussed were the roles of intelligence in different eras; the usage differences of the various Presidential administrations; and the issues that affected the efficiency and autonomy of intelligence agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UD9PBB3E,2021-03-15,Loch K. Johnson,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:53:33Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.21810/jicw.v3i3.2767,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2970870205,19.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2970870205,2018.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/2767/2039,-3.0 7369,Intelligence Challenges of the Data Rich World,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/2580,"On November 24, 2020, Phil Gratton presented Intelligence Challenges of the Data Rich World at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for questions and answers. Main discussion topics included the abundance of data; non-threat related data-sets; and legislative and operational advancements towards contributing to cutting-edge intelligence processes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4SKFG9MB,2021-03-01,Phil Gratton,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:53:01Z,['8XXD789V'],10.21810/jicw.v3i3.2580,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3154256998,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3154256998,2023.0,2023.0,2021.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/2580/1872,2.0 7370,Does Canada have anything in the way of a strategic warning intelligence culture (and does it need one)?,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/3623,"During the Cold War, Strategic Warning Intelligence (SWI) was a necessary and recognized function within the intelligence community given the threats posed by conventional Warsaw Pact forces in Western Europe and Soviet ballistic missiles. With the end of the Cold War, the focus of intelligence shifted to tactical or operational issues against known threats, and the SWI function and expertise atrophied as a result. With today’s expanding and more complex threat environment, this article examines whether SWI capacities should be reintroduced in order to apprise decision makers of trending threats to national security, albeit based on faint signals, so the necessary policy decisions can be made and prioritized to mitigate said threats in a timely manner. Received: 2021-07-26Revised: 2021-09-06",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZXP6XARK,2021-11-23,John Gilmour,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:50:57Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.21810/jicw.v4i2.3623,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3215897104,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3215897104,2023.0,2024.0,2021.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/3623/3010,2.0 7371,Canadian Intelligence Operations Overseas,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/962,"On March 21, 2019, the Canadian Association for Security and Intelligence Studies hosted a roundtable focusing on “Canadian Intelligence Operations Overseas”. This presentation was given by Captain Duane Kempton, member of the Canadian Armed Forces and member of the Sixth Intelligence Company. Captain Kempton highlighted military intelligence in war fighting, peacekeeping, and established the differences between the two by discussing OP SOPRANO. The following roundtable discussion centred on the value of intelligence gathering in peacekeeping when you lack the military capacity while war fighting. Audience members then discussed the repatriation of ISIS fighters and the status of their families.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q7IMACLG,17 May 2019, CASIS-Vancouver,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:49:41Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.21810/jicw.v2i1.962,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2945038033,0.0,True,,,,2019.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/962/562, 7372,Extremism and Intelligence: A Threat Analysis,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/1186,"Contemporary extremist threats encompass a widening spectrum, whereby long-standing threats are supplemented by the stubborn persistence of historical threats, and by the emergence of new threats and Violent Transnational Social Movements (VTSMs). For security and intelligence agencies, the management challenges posed by the evolving picture are complex and multi-faceted. Probably the most difficult challenge is that of prioritisation and the allocation of resources across the spectrum of investigation. Other challenges include those of recruiting and retaining staff with the right cutting-edge skills, especially in such fields of social media exploitation; and a fundamental definitional question of how to define some of the newly emerging threats, avoiding questions of surveillance crossing over into inappropriate suppression of legitimate dissent in a liberal democracy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RVMLSSRK,31-10-2020,Julian Richards,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:48:15Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.21810/jicw.v2i3.1186,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3005985104,0.0,True,,,,2020.0,https://doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v2i3.1186, 7373,The Role of the Media and Civil Society in Intelligence Accountability: The Cases of Spain and Brazil,Journal article,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/view/5061,"This article analyses the accountability of intelligence agencies in Spain and Brazil. Drawing from critical intelligence studies, this article will argue that the goal of accountability is to expand legitimacy by incorporating the civil society. This requires redeveloping the scope of intelligence and its audience beyond legal norms and traditional decision-makers. To do so, the article will consider the following actors: 1) the media; 2) whistleblowers and leaks; 3) scholars; and 4) fiction writers. These actors may complement intelligence by gathering information or acting as knowledge advisory groups. Moreover, they can also challenge intelligence by promoting deeper scrutiny and transparency, while constructing archetypes that represent secret agencies. The conclusion will summarize the strengths and limitations deriving from these actors to promote accountability. It will also claim that, through a critical approach, exploring new accountability forms are necessary to expand the social legitimacy of intelligence policies. Received: 2022-10-07Revised: 2022-01-05",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X9FWGC3W,31 January 2023,Jaseff Raziel Yauri-Miranda,,"The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare",2023-02-01T08:46:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.21810/jicw.v5i3.5061,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4318951396,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4318951396,2025.0,2025.0,2023.0,https://journals.lib.sfu.ca/index.php/jicw/article/download/5061/4436,2.0 7374,A First Button Done Up Wrongly: Revisiting Philip H. Stoddard’s “Ottoman Special Organization”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23296151.2021.1983943,"The Ottoman Special Organization made its way into the literature of historical studies during the 1960s in the United States through the work of Philip H. Stoddard. Stoddard’s doctoral dissertation resonated so powerfully within academic circles that his approach to the organization, albeit flawed, was adopted extensively and thus echoed by later researchers. This also holds true for Turkish academia, where the nature, origin and historical course of the Special Organization in particular, and unconventional warfare and intelligence in general, was and remains largely misunderstood due to Stoddard’s fallacious analysis of the organization coupled with the uncritical character of conventional history-writing in Turkey. Through a critique of the paradigms and referential points Stoddard based his study on, as well as the conceptual and terminological aspects of his work, this study offers a more sound approach to both the organization and the units that fulfilled intelligence duties at the institutional level.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AKF5LIG3,2021-07-03,Polat Safi,Routledge,Special Operations Journal,2023-01-31T21:52:57Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/23296151.2021.1983943,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3210595464,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3210595464,2023.0,2023.0,2021.0,,2.0 7375,“The hyena who stalks the capitalist deserts”: imagining the ‘anti-Bond’ in the works of John le Carré,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2023.2168333,"John le Carré’s spy fiction has long been hailed as an ‘opposite’ to Ian Fleming’s James Bond stories. This article re-examines this rivalry, first exploring how le Carré’s breakthrough, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963) subverts the conventional Bondian narrative. I then examine le Carré’s development of a thesis on Bond as a figure whose consumerist qualities negated any moral core, an idea later developed into a subversion of the Bond persona in The Tailor of Panama (1996). Ultimately I argue that le Carré needed Bond as a rival against which to position his own oeuvre.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2PBXYBQY,2023-01-30,Joseph Oldham,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-31T15:27:11Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2023.2168333,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4319788128,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7376,Secrets of the Cold War,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Secrets-of-the-Cold-War-Hardback/p/21843,"The Cold War, which lasted from the end of the Second World War to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, was fought mostly…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J75TBQ9D,2022-11-11,Andrew Long,Pen and Sword,,2023-01-29T22:42:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7377,"Intelligence as Democratic Statecraft: Accountability and Governance of Civil-Intelligence Relations Across the Five Eyes Security Community - the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand",Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/intelligence-as-democratic-statecraft-9780192893949,"This book features a comparative study in intelligence accountability and governance across the Five Eyes: the imperative for member countries of the world's most powerful intelligence alliance to reconcile democracy and security through transparent standards, guidelines, legal frameworks, executive directives, and international law. It argues that intelligence accountability is best understood not as an end in itself but as a means that is integral democratic governance. On the one hand, to assure the executive of government and the public that the activities of intelligence agencies are lawful and, if not, to identify breaches in compliance. On the other hand, to raise awareness of and appreciation for the intelligence function, and whether it is being carried out in the most effective, efficient, and innovative way possible to achieve its objective. The analysis shows how the addition of legislative and judicial components to executive and administrative accountability has been shaping evolving institutions, composition, practices, characteristics, and cultures of intelligence oversight and review in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand using a most-similar systems design. Democracies are engaged in an asymmetric struggle against unprincipled adversaries. Technological change is enabling unprecedented social and political disruption. These threat vectors have significantly affected, altered, and expanded the role, powers and capabilities of intelligence organizations. Accountability aims to reassure sceptics that intelligence and security practices are indeed aligned with the rules and values that democracies claim to defend.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZNDKC7BY,2021-11-16,"Christian Leuprecht, Hayley McNorton",Oxford University Press,,2023-01-28T10:22:59Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7378,National Intelligence and Science: Beyond the Great Divide in Analysis and Policy,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/national-intelligence-and-science-9780199360864,"Intelligence is currently facing increasingly challenging cross-pressures from both a need for accurate and timely assessments of potential or imminent security threats and the unpredictability of many of these emerging threats. We are living in a social environment of growing security and intelligence challenges, yet the traditional, narrow intelligence process is becoming increasingly insufficient for coping with diffuse, complex, and rapidly-transforming threats. The essence of intelligence is no longer the collection, analysis, and dissemination of secret information, but has become instead the management of uncertainty in areas critical for overriding security goals--not only for nations, but also for the international community as a whole. For its part, scientific research on major societal risks like climate change is facing a similar cross-pressure from demand on the one hand and incomplete data and developing theoretical concepts on the other. For both of these knowledge-producing domains, the common denominator is the paramount challenges of framing and communicating uncertainty and of managing the pitfalls of politicization. National Intelligence and Science is one of the first attempts to analyze these converging domains and the implications of their convergence, in terms of both more scientific approaches to intelligence problems and intelligence approaches to scientific problems. Science and intelligence constitute, as the book spells out, two remarkably similar and interlinked domains of knowledge production, yet ones that remain traditionally separated by a deep political, cultural, and epistemological divide. Looking ahead, the two twentieth-century monoliths--the scientific and the intelligence estates--are becoming simply outdated in their traditional form. The risk society is closing the divide, though in a direction not foreseen by the proponents of turning intelligence analysis into a science, or the new production of scientific knowledge.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YHPHHLPX,2015-01-02,"Wilhelm Agrell, Gregory F. Treverton",Oxford University Press,,2023-01-28T10:21:15Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7379,Churchill's man of mystery: Desmond Morton and the world of intelligence,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Churchills-Man-of-Mystery-Desmond-Morton-and-the-World-of-Intelligence/Bennett/p/book/9780415481687,"The mysterious life and career of Desmond Morton, Intelligence officer and personal adviser to Winston Churchill during the Second World War, is exposed for the first time in this study based on full access to official records. After distinguished service as artillery officer and aide-de-camp to General Haig during the First World War, Morton worked for the Secret Intelligence Service from 1919-1934, and the fortunes of SIS in the interwar years are described here in unprecedented detail. As Director of the Industrial Intelligence Centre in the 1930s, Morton’s warnings of Germany’s military and industrial preparations for war were widely read in Whitehall, though they failed to accelerate British rearmament as much as Morton - and Churchill - considered imperative. Morton had met Churchill on the Western Front in 1916 and supported him throughout the ‘wilderness years’, moving to Downing Street as the Prime Minister’s Intelligence adviser in May 1940. There he remained in a liaison role, with the Intelligence Agencies and with Allied resistance authorities, until the end of the war, when he became a ‘troubleshooter’ for the Treasury in a series of tricky international assignments. Throughout Morton’s career, myth, rumour and deliberate obfuscation have created a misleading picture of his role and influence. This book shines a light into many hitherto shadowy corners of British history in the first half of the twentieth century. This book will be of great interest to scholars and informed lay readers with an interest in the Second World War, intelligence studies and the life of Winston Churchill.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XAGIMN4V,2009,Gill Bennett,Routledge,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7380,Using REASON to Improve Intel Analysis,Blog post,https://www.iarpa.gov/newsroom/article/reason-showcase-using-reason-to-improve-intel-analysis,"Every day, the Intelligence Community (IC) labors to provide policymakers with insightful analysis to answer and inform on some of the toughest national security questions and issues. More often than not, the IC is able to provide ground-truth on seemingly murky problems that may otherwise not be di...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WY3UGSG3,25 January 2023,Veronica Peltz,,,2023-01-27T10:27:56Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7381,The Discovery of Classified Presidential Documents Is Much More Pervasive Than You Think,Blog post,https://katiecouric.com/news/politics-and-policy/presidential-classified-documents-trump-biden-pence/,"The latest finds from Trump, Biden, and Pence are just the tip of the iceberg.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P8U32Y49,2023-01-25T21:50:00+00:00,Tess Bonn,,,2023-01-27T09:32:57Z,['TDUVX2TF'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7382,"""We Do Not Want Spies Anymore"": The Abolition of Spying after the Young Turk Revolution",Journal article,https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/3/article/876788,"One of the first measures taken by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), after assuming power in 1908, was to abolish spying. This has been mostly treated as a simple outcome of the change of power. However, this article offers a different perspective on the abolition of spying in 1908 and the subsequent exile of the spies in 1909. This study focuses on the abolition of spying in the Ottoman Empire as a significant idea shaped since the earlier years of the Young Turks' opposition to the rule of Abdülhamid II and followed strictly as a policy after they assumed power. Rather than treating abolition of spying and the exile of spies as a byproduct of the 1908 Revolution, this study takes it as one of the pillars of the Young Turks' ideological discourse and a central policy of the CUP. The article maintains a thread from the origins of Young Turk aversion to spying to the exile of the spies in 1909 following the 31 March Incident. This research aims to contribute to the social history of the late Ottoman historiography by placing the abolition of spying into a larger context together with its agents– the spies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CFMJLBS6,2022,Arda Akıncı,Indiana University Press,Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association,2023-01-27T09:25:18Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7383,A Question of Standing: The History of the CIA,Book,https://global.oup.com/academic/product/a-question-of-standing-9780192847966?cc=us&lang=en&,"A Question of Standing deals with recognizable events that have shaped the history of the first 75 years of the CIA. Unsparing in its accounts of dirty tricks and their consequences, it values the agency's intelligence and analysis work to offer balanced judgements that avoid both celebration and condemnation of the CIA. The mission of the CIA, derived from U-1 in World War I more than from World War II's OSS, has always been intelligence. Seventy-five years ago, in the year of its creation, the National Security Act gave the agency, uniquely in world history up to that point, a democratic mandate to pursue that mission of intelligence. It gave the CIA a special standing in the conduct of US foreign relations. That standing diminished when successive American presidents ordered the CIA to exceed its original mission. When they tasked the agency secretly to overthrow democratic governments, the United States lost its international standing, and its command of a majority in the United Nations General Assembly. Such dubious operations, even the government's embrace of assassination and torture, did not diminish the standing of the CIA in US public opinion. However, domestic interventions did. CIA spying on domestic protesters led to tighter congressional oversight from the 1970s on.The chapters in A Question of Standing offer a balanced narrative and perspective on recognizable episodes in the CIA's history. They include the Bay of Pigs invasion, the War on Terror, 9/11, the weapons of mass destruction deception, the Iran estimate of 2007, the assassination of Osama bin Laden, and Fake News. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 diminished the CIA and is construed as having been the right solution undertaken for the wrong reasons, reasons that grew out of political opportunism. The book also defends the CIA's exposure of foreign meddling in US elections. , A Question of Standing deals with recognizable events that have shaped the history of the first 75 years of the CIA. Unsparing in its accounts of dirty tricks and their consequences, it values the agency's intelligence and analysis work to offer balanced judgements that avoid both celebration and condemnation of the CIA. The mission of the CIA, derived from U-1 in World War I more than from World War II's OSS, has always been intelligence. Seventy-five years ago, in the year of its creation, the National Security Act gave the agency, uniquely in world history up to that point, a democratic mandate to pursue that mission of intelligence. It gave the CIA a special standing in the conduct of US foreign relations. That standing diminished when successive American presidents ordered the CIA to exceed its original mission. When they tasked the agency secretly to overthrow democratic governments, the United States lost its international standing, and its command of a majority in the United Nations General Assembly. Such dubious operations, even the government's embrace of assassination and torture, did not diminish the standing of the CIA in US public opinion. However, domestic interventions did. CIA spying on domestic protesters led to tighter congressional oversight from the 1970s on.The chapters in A Question of Standing offer a balanced narrative and perspective on recognizable episodes in the CIA's history. They include the Bay of Pigs invasion, the War on Terror, 9/11, the weapons of mass destruction deception, the Iran estimate of 2007, the assassination of Osama bin Laden, and Fake News. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 diminished the CIA and is construed as having been the right solution undertaken for the wrong reasons, reasons that grew out of political opportunism. The book also defends the CIA's exposure of foreign meddling in US elections.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XBKLEQG2,2022-08-25,Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Oxford University Press,,2023-01-26T19:42:35Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7384,"Sharif Husayn, Ja’far al-‘Askari and the Cipher of the Arab revolt",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2023.2171718,"In June 1916, Sharif Husayn of Mecca opened the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Turks. A year later, Ja’far al-‘Askari, an Iraqi officer and a future prime minister of Iraq, was appointed commander-in-chief of the Northern Army of the Arab revolt. In August 1918, on the eve of General Allenby’s final offensive against the Turks, Husayn publicly insulted ‘Askari, following which ‘Askari resigned from his post. Most of the officers of the Northern Army followed their commander, which brought the Northern Army to the brink of disintegration. The British, who deciphered and regularly read all the communications of their Arab allies, decided to intervene, secretly reworded one of Husayn’s telegrams to his officers in the Northern Army and thus tricked both parties into peace.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MD7IY4W4,2023-01-25,Eliezer Tauber,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2023-01-26T15:57:37Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/16161262.2023.2171718,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4318038294,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7385,A Most Mysterious CIA Spy Scandal: The 1963 Georgiev Case in Bulgaria,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2154180,"Asen Georgiev was a Bulgarian lawyer and diplomat who confessed to working for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) between 1957 and 1963. In a show trial staged in 1963 in Sofia Bulgaria, prosecutors alleged that he had been paid nearly $200,000 for his services and accused him of undermining the interests of the entire socialist camp by handing over Soviet secrets to the Americans. This article offers a comprehensive de novo analysis of the Georgiev case based on the extensive records of the Bulgarian State Security Service and individual declassified CIA documents. This study demonstrates that Georgiev’s intelligence about Nikita Khrushchev was crucial for calling the Sino–Soviet split in 1960 and raises the possibility that he played unacknowledged roles in other international crises in 1961 and 1962.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TW2V5SYX,2023-01-25,Brian J. Boeck,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-01-26T15:57:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2154180,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4318035262,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7386,The Optimal Analyst: Balancing the Width and Depth in Strategic Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2152765,"While much-discussed desired qualities of an intelligence analyst count for a big part of their professional skills, the development of the analyst, their professional profile (general analyst profile [GAP]), during their career is often overlooked in academic discussions. As part of professional experiences, tasking has an important effect on development. The level of intelligence synthesis, informative and advisory nature of the Intelligence Community, and available human resources are three organizational factors that can be used to study the requirements and career-spanning effects tasking has for an analyst and their manager. Ultimately, human resources do have a big part to play, but should not be the only guiding factor. Tasking should consider the lifetime development of an analyst. Comfort zones should be breached, with a plan and a goal-oriented approach. It also benefits the analyst via wider understanding of the operational or strategic environment they are tasked to analyze. This also helps the analyst and the organization as a whole to advance from situational awareness to the more desired situational understanding.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NFGGJDZC,2023-01-25,Olli J. Teirilä,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-01-26T15:56:18Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2152765,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4317952503,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4317952503,2026.0,2026.0,2023.0,,3.0 7387,International Association For Intelligence Education,Webpage,https://www.iafie.org/default.aspx,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9EU7M887,,,,,2020-09-04T06:44:51Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'HCN8YFI8', 'Y4YJ2AWB']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7388,Intelligence Studies Project - The University of Texas at Austin,Webpage,https://intelligencestudies.utexas.edu/,"The Intelligence Studies Project is building at the University of Texas at Austin a premier center for the study of U.S. Intelligence through a variety of programs, including course offerings and research projects, as well as periodic conferences and other public events focused on intelligence topics.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G3Y2WJB9,,,,,2023-01-26T15:40:02Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7389,Intelligence Studies Project - Suggested Readings Archives,Webpage,https://intelligencestudies.utexas.edu/resource/suggested-readings/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SPGL2Z79,,,,,2023-01-26T15:36:50Z,['CN9F5URY'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7390,Strategic Intelligence for American National Security,Book,https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691023397/strategic-intelligence-for-american-national-security,"Bruce Berkowitz and Allan Goodman draw on historical analysis, interviews, and their own professional experience in the intelligence community to provide an evaluation of U.S. strategic intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PCVYDTNL,1991-06-10,"Bruce D. Berkowitz, Allan E. Goodman",Princeton University Press,,2020-06-12T13:06:25Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7391,Exploring Intelligence Archives: Enquiries into the secret state,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Exploring-Intelligence-Archives-Enquiries-into-the-Secret-State/Hughes-Jackson-Scott/p/book/9780415349727,"This edited volume brings together many of the world’s leading scholars of intelligence with a number of former senior practitioners to facilitate a wide-ranging dialogue on the central challenges confronting students of intelligence. The book presents a series of documents, nearly all of which are published here for the first time, accompanied by both overview and commentary sections. The central objectives of this collection are twofold. First, it seeks to build on existing scholarship on intelligence in deepening our understanding of its impact on a series of key events in the international history of the past century. Further, it aims to explore the different ways in which intelligence can be studied by bringing together both scholarly and practical expertise to examine a range of primary material relevant to the history of intelligence since the early twentieth century. This book will be of great interest to students of intelligence, strategic and security studies, foreign policy and international history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YYGCNBGF,2008,"R. Gerald Hughes, Peter Jackson, Len Scott",Routledge,,2020-12-30T08:07:22Z,['KGU8VLSW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7392,Rudolf Vala: Czechoslovakian Intelligence in Austria 1949–1951,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2161280,"In 1951, British and U.S. counterintelligence in occupied Austria uncovered an intelligence network of Czechoslovakian informants run by a recruited Austrian, Rudolf Vala. This network had been active for nearly two years and had spied on British occupation troops in Carinthia. This network has files from the British, U.S., Czech, and Austrian sides. They provide insight into Czech human intelligence operations in Austria, their methods, and their goals. Cases are analyzed by comparing the four pieces of documentation available and putting them in the context of intelligence in early Cold War Austria. Austrians were recruited for such activities, which shows how their operations were managed (mainly from outside the country at that time), what role the Soviet occupation played in these activities, what their targets were, and what role Austria itself played in such activities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQ5FCMYI,2023-01-23,Dieter Bacher,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-01-25T11:19:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2161280,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4319828656,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7393,"RUSI Annual Security Lecture 2022 with Sir Jeremy Fleming, Director of GCHQ",Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp67D9WKpgE,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7K35RERY,2022-10-11,Jeremy Fleming,,,2023-01-24T14:02:51Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7394,Deception and Manipulation in an Intelligence Liaison Relationship: U.S.–Pakistani Negotiations and the 1980s Afghan Program,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2157687,"Small-state leaders can profit enormously by collaborating with great powers on clandestine intelligence activities. The United States historically has provided billions of dollars in military and economic aid to intelligence liaison partners that host intelligence collections facilities or support joint covert operations. While many of these relationships are characterized by trust and mutual benefit, others are subject to a constant struggle for control. Unlike the scrutiny paid to overt base negotiations, this clandestine bargaining largely has been overlooked in intelligence and International Relations literature. This review of the negotiations surrounding the U.S.–Pakistani joint covert operations in Afghanistan during the 1980s addresses this void. Declassified documents and memoirs reveal that Pakistani leaders deliberately deceived Washington as to their motives and commitment to the joint Afghan program in order to maximize their negotiating leverage. This case study demonstrates that acquiring accurate information regarding a partner’s intentions is a critical factor in determining power dynamics within an intelligence liaison relationship.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HXWHJFPL,2023-01-23,Diana I. Bolsinger,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-01-24T10:28:36Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2157687,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4317791223,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4317791223,2023.0,2026.0,2023.0,,0.0 7395,"Signals intelligence, the British, and the war in Yugoslavia 1941-1944",Thesis,https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/464771/,"This study explores the influence of intelligence derived from the interception and decryption of wireless messages, in the United Kingdom and the Middle East, from mainly enemy sources on British policy towards the Yugoslav resistance. After a brief review of the history of the organisation charged with obtaining intelligence from Signals Intelligence - the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park - each source is identified and analysed. The principal sources examined are wireless messages of the German Navy, Army, and Air Force, various arms of the German police, the intelligence organisations of the German armed forces and the Nazi Party (the Abwehr and Sicherheitsdienst), the Croatian military, communications between the Yugoslav and Slovene Communist Parties and the Comintern and diplomatic decrypts. The study examines which organisations and individuals received some or all of the Signals Intelligence relating to Yugoslavia and the use they made of it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VLY3WP3T,2001,"Nicholas Cripps Brashaw, Nicholas Cripps Brashaw",,,2022-12-25T00:59:08Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Southampton,,,,,,,,, 7396,The Operational Capacity of Turkish Intelligence within the Scope of Use of High-Technology Products,Journal article,https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/the-operational-capacity-of-turkish-intelligence-within-the-scope-of-use-of-high-technology-products,"This study evaluates the increasing operational capacity of the Turkish National Intelligence Organization (Millî İstihbarat Teşkilatı, MİT) within...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4M7LGYUB,2022/10/11,Ali Burak Darıcılı,,Insight Turkey,2023-01-23T22:28:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7397,Assessing Futures Intelligence: Looking Back on Global Trends 2025,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.13354,"IN THE FALL OF 1996, the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC) launched an initiative to identify and assess key global trends with an eye toward describing their impact on world politics, regional affairs, and U.S. security interests. The product of a series of meetings involving government and nongovernment experts, the forecast was initially intended for a limited audience. However, the report generated so much interest that it was distributed publicly in 1997 under the title Global Trends 2010.1 A new unclassified U.S. intelligence product—futures intelligence—was born. That assessment has since been renewed at about four-year intervals by the NIC, culminating in its seventh reincarnation, Global Trends 2040, which was published online in March 2021.2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C9HRT4XB,2022-09-01,"James J. Wirtz, Roger Z. George",,Political Science Quarterly,2023-01-23T22:23:14Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1002/polq.13354,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281694007,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281694007,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,,2.0 7398,“But the Story Was True”: A Research Note on Canadian Intelligence Activities in Vietnam,Journal article,https://utpjournals.press/doi/full/10.3138/chr-2021-0007,"Recently declassified records reveal new information and confirm old assumptions about Canadian intelligence activities in Vietnam during the 1950s and 1960s. These records are now available online at Canada Declassified. This research note describes the new evidence and considers its implications for existing historiography regarding Canada and the International Commission for Supervision and Control and Canadian policy towards the American war in Vietnam. It suggests new opportunities for research on Canadian intelligence activities during the Cold War. More broadly, the note responds to the discussion in The Canadian Historical Review’s December 2015 issue (volume 96, number 4) regarding the future study of Canada’s diplomatic history and international action by suggesting that Canadian intelligence activities should be considered by scholars crafting narratives of Canadian international history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4H6MNRH8,2022-06,Timothy Andrews Sayle,University of Toronto Press,Canadian Historical Review,2023-01-23T22:25:10Z,['BHVIFBRH'],10.3138/chr-2021-0007,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3206883610,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3206883610,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,,1.0 7399,Legalizing Illegal Mass Surveillance: A Transnational Perspective on Canada’s Legislative Response to the Expansion of Security Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-law-and-society-la-revue-canadienne-droit-et-societe/article/legalizing-illegal-mass-surveillance-a-transnational-perspective-on-canadas-legislative-response-to-the-expansion-of-security-intelligence/836382916D9DD900D631A89D98C4DDDD,"This article offers a transnational perspective on Canada’s legislative response to globally expanded national security intelligence activities in the War on Terror since 2001. I situate Canada’s new legislation against the backdrop of US and Japanese legislative responses and analyze the transition, including Bill C-13 (2014), Bill C-44 (2015), Bill C-51 (2015), and Bill C-59 (2019). I argue that the thrust of this legislative trend has been the active legalization of previously illegal surveillance activities by security intelligence agencies, rather than passive ineffectiveness in restricting state mass surveillance enabled by information and communication technologies. The transition is in synch with a global legislative trend that lowers the legal standards of privacy and personal data protection and weakens checks and balances in democratic governance. As a result, mass surveillance has increasingly undermined and regulated the rule of law, not vice versa., RésuméCet article offre une perspective transnationale sur la réponse législative du Canada à l’élargissement à l’échelle mondiale des activités de renseignement pour la sécurité nationale dans la guerre contre le terrorisme depuis 2001. Je situe la nouvelle législation du Canada dans le contexte des réponses législatives américaines et japonaises et j’analyse la transition, notamment avec le projet de loi C-13 (2014), le projet de loi C-44 (2015), le projet de loi C-51 (2015) et le projet de loi C-59 (2019). Je soutiens que l’idée maîtresse de cette évolution législative a été la légalisation active des activités de surveillance, auparavant illégales, par les services de renseignement de sécurité, plutôt qu’une inefficacité passive à restreindre la surveillance de masse de l’État rendue possible par les technologies de l’information et de communication. Cette transition est en phase avec la tendance législative mondiale à réduire les normes juridiques de protection de la vie privée et des données personnelles et à affaiblir les freins et les contrepoids dans la gouvernance démocratique. Par conséquent, la surveillance de masse mine de plus en plus l’État de droit, cette surveillance devient même une force régulatrice de l’État de droit plutôt que l’inverse.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EQ8TEITG,2022/08,Midori Ogasawara,Cambridge University Press,Canadian Journal of Law and Society / La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société,2023-01-23T22:26:26Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1017/cls.2022.9,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4294321759,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4294321759,2023.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/836382916D9DD900D631A89D98C4DDDD/S0829320122000096a.pdf/div-class-title-legalizing-illegal-mass-surveillance-a-transnational-perspective-on-canada-s-legislative-response-to-the-expansion-of-security-intelligence-div.pdf,1.0 7400,"Colonial Sinews of Postcolonial Espionage - India and the Making of Ghana’s External Intelligence Agency, 1958-61",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2021.1888768,"Based on untapped Indian archives, this article details how Delhi built Accra’s security service in 1958-61. Keen to reduce its dependency on the outgoing British colonial administration, Ghana sought India’s support when both the Cold War rivalry and the Afro-Asian Solidarity were at a peak. In doing so, Ghana inherited a similar set of problems affecting Indian intelligence, which in itself was supported by the British i.e. resorting to colonial policing methods, lack of legislative oversight, and a recruitment system based on partisan loyalties instead of professionalism. The Foreign Service Research Bureau (external intelligence) and the Special Branch (domestic intelligence) effectively secured Ghana’s first prime minister and then president Kwame Nkrumah from real and perceived adversaries. But their methods of functioning fed his authoritarian appetite –ultimately leading to an unceremonious ouster– during a highly turbulent phase in Ghanaian history. The first and only time India helped create, and unofficially lead, another country’s intelligence service, this history sheds light on India and Ghana’s approach towards intelligence in the aftermath of independence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/99Q6PEZ9,2022-07-04,Avinash Paliwal,Routledge,The International History Review,2023-01-23T22:29:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/07075332.2021.1888768,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3131168940,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3131168940,2023.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/07075332.2021.1888768?needAccess=true,2.0 7401,The perilous prerogative: An argument for legislating defence intelligence in Canada,Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/capa.12498,"The National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians (NSICOP) has twice reviewed the intelligence activities of CAF/DND and recommended the government provide explicit legislative authority for those activities. In “Defence intelligence and the Crown prerogative in Canada,” Philippe Lagassé rebukes NSICOP's argument and defends the continued reliance on the Crown prerogative. This article proposes that the critiques raised by Lagassé minimize the importance of the legal and operational concerns raised by NSICOP and do not reflect the legal history of Canadian intelligence activities. It also introduces the argument that the DND/CAF may no longer rely on the Crown prerogative for signals intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VI6JPUIW,2022,Leah West,,Canadian Public Administration,2023-01-23T22:27:02Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1111/capa.12498,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4309073398,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4309073398,2022.0,2022.0,2022.0,,0.0 7402,Revealing Secrets: An unofficial history of Australian Signals intelligence and the advent of cyber,Book,https://unsw.press/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UZKYF7PZ,May 2023,"John Blaxland, Claire Birgin",UNSW Press,,2023-01-22T20:29:04Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7403,How open-source intelligence has shaped the Russia-Ukraine war,Blog post,https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/how-open-source-intelligence-has-shaped-the-russia-ukraine-war,"General Hockenhull, Commander Strategic Command, discussed the use of open source intelligence at a RUSI Members Webinar.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TQTEQIQJ,09 December 2022,Jim Hockenhull,,,2023-01-21T20:27:07Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7404,Operation RUBICON: An Assessment With Regard to Switzerland's Duties Under the Law of Neutrality,Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-legal-information/article/abs/operation-rubicon-an-assessment-with-regard-to-switzerlands-duties-under-the-law-of-neutrality/EA93A517E5785F8A8524301C42531591,"Under the guise of Swiss neutrality, the Swiss-based company Crypto AG for decades manufactured and supplied manipulated cipher machines to governments in over 120 States. The company was controlled by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the German Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND). The Swiss intelligence services had known about this intelligence operation since 1993 at the latest, had access to relevant information, and allowed the foreign intelligence services to continue their operation until 2018. For the permanently neutral State of Switzerland, this raises the question of how Operation RUBICON is to be assessed with regard to Switzerland's duties under the law of neutrality. This author finds that it was unlikely that Switzerland, in its complicity in Operation RUBICON, violated its duties under the law of neutrality. However, if—and this is unlikely but cannot be completely ruled out—Crypto AG exported rigged cipher machines or offered maintenance services during (or immediately before) the Kosovo War in 1999 to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, or during (or immediately before) the Iraq invasion in 2003 to the Republic of Iraq, Switzerland would have violated its duties under the law of neutrality. At the very least, Switzerland's complicity in Operation RUBICON plays into its image as a Western neutral and is therefore relevant in terms of Swiss neutrality policy. In any case, it is crucial for Switzerland to refrain from complying with intelligence operations such as Operation RUBICON and to preserve (guided by equidistance, international law, and Switzerland's humanitarian tradition) its permanent neutrality, even during today's challenging circumstances.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/INUPP3I6,18 January 2023,Manuel Rodriguez,Cambridge University Press,International Journal of Legal Information,2023-01-21T10:57:38Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1017/jli.2022.31,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4320147964,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4320147964,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 7405,Eavesdropping on the Emperor: Interrogators and Codebreakers in Britain's War With Japan,Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/eavesdropping-on-the-emperor/,"When Japanese signals were decoded at Bletchley Park, who translated them into English? When Japanese soldiers were taken as prisoners of war, who interrogated them? When Japanese maps and plans were captured on the battlefield, who deciphered them for Britain? When Great Britain found itself at war with Japan in December 1941, there was a linguistic battle to be fought—but Britain was hopelessly unprepared. Eavesdropping on the Emperor traces the men and women with a talent for languages who were put on crash courses in Japanese, and unfolds the history of their war. Some were sent with their new skills to India; others to Mauritius, where there was a secret radio intercept station; or to Australia, where they worked with Australian and American codebreakers. Translating the despatches of the Japanese ambassador in Berlin after his conversations with Hitler; retrieving filthy but valuable documents from the battlefield in Burma; monitoring Japanese airwaves to warn of air-raids—Britain depended on these forgotten ‘war heroes’. The accuracy of their translations was a matter of life or death, and they rose to the challenge. Based on declassified archives and interviews with the few survivors, this fascinating, globe-trotting book tells their stories.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GXSCC23U,May 2021,Peter Kornicki,Hurst,,2023-01-21T10:52:24Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7406,Warner: Cybersecurity shouldn't be an 'afterthought',Magazine article,https://www.politico.com/newsletters/future-pulse/2023/01/17/health-cybersecurity-rules-are-on-the-table-00078055,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7UP4NGBE,17 January 2023,"Ben Leonard, Carmen Paun, Ruth Reader, Erin Schumaker",,POLITICO,2023-01-20T08:51:10Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7407,Former Swedish intelligence officer jailed for life for spying for Russia,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/19/former-swedish-intelligence-officer-receives-life-term-for-spying-for-russia,"Judge says Peyman Kia abused trust placed in him, and also sentences younger brother to 10 years",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6CVUPATG,2023-01-19T16:09:13.000Z,Jon Henley,,The Guardian,2023-01-19T20:31:23Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7408,"The spying game: Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy",Blog post,https://theideaslab.substack.com/p/the-spying-game-tinker-tailor-soldier?mibextid=Zxz2cZ,"John le Carré's masterpiece, adapted for the BBC in 1979, is a perfect snapshot of Britain in decline, managing its post-imperial malaise in a changing world",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MBE52CHH,2023-01-05,Eliot Wilson,,,2023-01-19T10:34:21Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7409,"Improvising Language Capability: The British Army's Corps of Interpreters, 1914–1915",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221140305,"This article examines the British army's short-lived Corps of Interpreters on the Western Front during the early stages of the First World War. It begins by establishing a benchmark for the regular army's French language capability in 1914. It then explores the interpreters? recruitment process, employment, and the corps? subsequent dissolution. Further insight into their motivation and suitability is then determined through a prosopographical analysis of their backgrounds and accounts of their employment. Overall, the article provides an important case study of the pitfalls of improvising military language capability during a crisis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4TJ8XHD3,2023-01-18,"Jim Beach, James Bruce",SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2023-01-19T10:01:06Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1177/09683445221140305,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4319833213,0.0,True,,,,2023.0,https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221140305, 7410,John le Carré’s Search for a Vocation,Magazine article,https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/john-le-carres-search-for-a-vocation,The writer’s collected letters reveal the high value he placed upon honorable work.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGBMBKFL,2023-01-16,Jennifer Wilson,,The New Yorker,2023-01-17T09:32:56Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7411,OSINT as Standalone: Constructing Special National Intelligence Estimates (SNIE) Solely from Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT),Journal article,https://jmiw.uitm.edu.my/images/Journal/Vol15No3/2-OSINT-AS-STANDALONE-CONSTRUCTING-SPECIAL-NATIONAL-INTELLIGENCE-ESTIMATES-SNIE-SOLELY-FROM-OPEN-SOURCE-INTELLIGENCE-OSINT.pdf,"This article attempts to provide Special National Intelligence Estimates (SNIE) through a holistic approach of open-source intelligence gathering. There are many ways to gather intelligence into producing and providing intelligence products, and open-source intelligence (OSINT) is a non-intrusive, public, legal, and overt approach of intelligence gathering. As an intelligence officer and analyst, various types of intelligence gatherings in espionage and warfare are often applied concurrently to produce a holistic intelligence product for the consumption of intelligence consumers. Nonetheless, this article suggests that OSINT is able to stand alone as a legitimate, reliable, and credible source of intelligence for intelligence products, particularly in producing a National Intelligence Estimates (NIE). This article aims to provide an elaborative guideline on creating an intelligence estimate through the most unconcealed intelligence source available. The OSINT-centric SNIE is eligible to be used as a risk assessment for national security, especially when it involves public perception, and management of public perception.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JSN3SP3P,31 December 2022,"Siti Atikah Jaafar, Zamirul Nur Hakim, Noor Nirwandy Mat Noordin",,Journal of Media and Information Warfare,2023-01-16T21:58:19Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7412,Real World Impact: How GCHQ's predecessors contributed to the US entering World War I,Blog post,https://www.gchq.gov.uk/information/century-how-work-gchqs-predecessors-contributed-us-entering-world-war-i,"The 'Zimmermann Telegram' of 1917 demonstrates the need to balance making use of intelligence and protecting its source, which is still relevant today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5RH9JE8E,16 January 2017, GCHQ,,,2023-01-16T11:25:32Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7413,"Introduction to Intelligence: Institutions, Operations, and Analysis",Book,https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/introduction-to-intelligence/book265154,"Introduction to Intelligence: Institutions, Operations, and Analysis offers a strategic, international, and comparative approach to covering intelligence organizations and domestic security issues. Written by multiple authors, each chapter draws on the author's professional and scholarly expertise in the subject matter. As a core text for an introductory survey course in intelligence, this text provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to intelligence, including institutions and processes, collection, communications, and common analytic methods.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z5DCZVUI,February 2021,"Jonathan M. Acuff, Lamesha Craft, Christopher J. Ferrero, Joseph Fitsanakis, Richard K. Kilroy, Jr, Jonathan Smith",SAGE Publishing,,2023-01-16T07:50:25Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7414,Russian Front Organizations and Western Academia,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2147807,"This article examines the activities of two Russian front organizations targeting Western academia and broader international audiences. These activities are part of contemporary Russian information warfare and are fundamentally entrenched in Soviet intelligence traditions, aiming to reinforce Russian official historical narratives and propaganda. The objectives of these organizations include undermining Western scholars’ critical perspectives and shaping public opinion favorable to the Russian Federation’s foreign policy and its methods of governing. Backed by the Russian secret services and the presidential administration, these organizations engage in using and coopting academics who help them disseminate Russian historical myths and propaganda that demonize the West in general and Ukraine in particular. An analysis of selected cases of Russian influence on Western academia and public opinion present a sample of the wide range of Russian intelligence practices symptomatic of the Russian anti-Western information campaign.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GVGMI5BV,2023-01-13,Olga Bertelsen,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-01-16T07:46:49Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2147807,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4316035925,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4316035925,2024.0,2025.0,2023.0,,1.0 7415,The hidden geography of transnational surveillance: social and technological networks around signals intelligence sites,Thesis,http://theses.ncl.ac.uk/jspui/handle/10443/3614,"This thesis investigates the hidden geography of Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) sites, state military bases concerned with the interception, interpretation and communication of information transmitted through technological systems. Focusing on three such sites in North Yorkshire, Fylingdales, Irton Moor, and primarily, Menwith Hill, it examines their histories and functions, and the discourses of different actors and interest groups about these processes and places. The histories, functions and discursive constructions of SIGINT sites are examined using a theoretical framework of surveillance theory, an emerging transdisciplinary field which understands that surveillance, the monitoring and control of actors, is as important to the analysis of contemporary societies as production. The thesis analyses the sites as part of a hidden geography of transnational surveillance and ultimately weaponry. This geography encompasses not only the places themselves, but also socio-technological networks that stretch across land, air, sea, outer space, and the virtual realm. The thesis is an attempt to trace some of this hidden geography, to assign it history and social meaning, and to subject it to critical interpretation. The thesis adopts a semiotic discourse analysis methodology informed by Actor-Network Theory to analyse the data gathered. The concept of discourse, the whole array of ways in which actors describe themselves, others and the world around them, is central to the way in which the thesis examines the evidence relating to SIGINT sites. This evidence includes officially generated and unofficial written documents, academic and non-academic analysis, visual representations, and interviews with key actors. Because these networks of sites are hidden, it does not mean that they cannot be made visible and their presence in the landscape and in society contested. The semiotic structure of the sites has come under attack from actors who derive meanings from their viewing of these places that are at odds with official state discourse, wherein the necessity of surveillance and secret intelligence are bound up with the foundations of the state and with inter-state relationships. This thesis will examine the whole spectrum of rejection: civil rights and privacy campaigners, peace activists, politicians and parapoliticians, Ufologists and conspiracists. These counter-discourses challenge official discourses in different ways, with differing intensities, and with varied outcomes, from failure to appropriation by the state to success in adjusting or supplanting official discourses and practices. The thesis raises questions about the development of the contemporary capitalist state and its relationship to its people and to other states and peoples. Drawing on recent adaptations of complexity theory to the social sciences, and the work of Foucault, Lyon and Chomsky, the trajectory of societies is considered to be strongly influenced by a dynamic tension between the tendency towards panopticism, a total surveillance society, and opposing tendencies towards individual and collective liberation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VKANFRCL,2001,David Wood,,,2023-01-15T23:40:59Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,PhD Thesis,Newcastle University,,,,,,,,, 7416,"The public disclosure of Anglo-American signals intelligence since the Second World War, with particular reference to Ultra and Magic",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=3&uin=uk.bl.ethos.596093,"The puzzling absence of signals intelligence (SIGINT) from the historiography of World War II for nearly three decades continues to reverberate for historians. This thesis aims to explain how and why SIGINT was protected from public disclosure during and after the war, how it became public in 1974, and how WWII historiography has evolved as a consequence of these revelations. Drawing on a vast range of published sources, interviews and recently available archival and electronic-database material, this thesis is comprised of five chapters. With a brief overview of important precedents, the first chapter traces Pacific theatre SIGINT disclosures from WWII through its early and detailed, although not complete, disclosure during the Pearl Harbour hearings and beyond. The second chapter examines how and why the Ultra secret was kept, despite the belief of the gatekeepers that it would soon be discovered by historians analysing operational details and battlefield decisions. The third chapter reviews chronologically the not insignificant Ultra-related disclosures that went unnoticed by historians prior to the publication of F. W. Winterbotham’s The Ultra secret in 1974. The fourth chapter presents the most complete explanation to date of why Winterbotham was allowed to publish, including a review of important precedents. The fifth chapter follows WWII historiographical development through to the end of the century as Ultra disclosures changed the understanding of the war in Europe and rejuvenated historical interest in Pacific theatre communications intelligence. Finally, an epilogue offers several Cold War historiographical comparisons that provide insight in to Anglo-American SIGINT disclosure and historical understanding of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VIJBG2KS,2005,R. M. Anderson,,,2023-01-15T23:39:13Z,['T92JK7A5'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7417,Spies Who Changed History: The Greatest Spies and Agents of the 20th Century,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Spies-Who-Changed-History-Hardback/p/21700,"Spies have made an extraordinary impact on the history of the 20th Century, but fourteen in particular can be said to have been demonstrably important.…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3PXJSAGB,2022-09-16,Nigel West,Frontline Books,,2023-01-14T18:08:41Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7418,Intelligence and espionage in the English Republic c. 1600–60,Book,https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/9781526118905/9781526118905.xml,"This book considers in detail the culture and language of plots, conspiracies and intrigues and exposes how the intelligence activities of the Three Kingdoms of the 1640s began to be situated within early modern government from the Civil Wars to the rule of Oliver Cromwell in the 1650s. It also introduces the reader to some of the personalities who were caught up in this contemporary intelligence and espionage world from the intelligencers, especially Thomas Scot and John Thurloe, to the men and women who became its secret agents and spies. The book includes accounts of espionage activities not just in England but also in Ireland and Scotland, and it especially investigates intelligence and espionage during the critical periods of the British Civil Wars and the important developments which took place under the English Republic and Oliver Cromwell in the 1650s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BK8AZJ7L,2023/01/10,Alan Marshall,Manchester University Press,,2023-01-14T15:16:55Z,"['DS3WDJUS', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7419,What Is Cybersecurity For?,Book,https://bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/what-is-cybersecurity-for,What Is Cybersecurity For?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NGZU8AYC,28 March 2023,Tim Stevens,Bristol University Press,,2023-01-14T10:24:54Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7420,"James Jesus Angleton, the CIA, and the Craft of Counterintelligence",Book,https://www.umasspress.com/9781558496507/james-jesus-angleton-the-cia-and-the-craft-of-counterintelligence/,"As chief of counterintelligence for the Central Intelligence Agency from the early 1950s to the early 1970s, James Jesus Angleton built a formidable reputati...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2J4UHFKF,June 2008,Michael Holzman,University of Massachusetts Press,,2023-01-13T11:03:56Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7421,Why are governments sharing intelligence on the Ukraine war with the public and what are the risks?,Blog post,http://theconversation.com/why-are-governments-sharing-intelligence-on-the-ukraine-war-with-the-public-and-what-are-the-risks-191114,Regular intelligence briefings for the public’s consumption have been a feature of the war in Ukraine.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EPLCQTS5,26/09/2022,"Huw Dylan, Thomas Maguire",,,2022-12-20T23:17:16Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7422,Suspected Russian Agent in Germany Had Access to Western Intelligence About Ukraine War,Newspaper article,https://www.wsj.com/articles/suspected-russian-agent-in-germany-had-access-to-western-intelligence-about-ukraine-war-11672255183,"The suspect worked for the signals intelligence branch of Germany’s Federal Intelligence Service, which conducts electronic surveillance and works with U.S. and U.K. agencies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B9595SYH,28/09/2022,Bojan Pancevski,,WSJ,2022-12-29T09:02:36Z,"['RHJFPRAI', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7423,Russia’s War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects,Report,https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47068,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D4LPJA6G,14/09/2022,Andrew S. Bowen,,,2023-01-04T07:43:58Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7424,"The National Security Act, SIGINT, and the Origins of an Intelligence Diarchy",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2073490?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WPLS2NJF,2022-06-13 08:08:43,Raphaël Ramos,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:12:45Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2073490,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4282835531,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7425,Intelligence and the Ukraine War: Early Lessons and Research Roadmap,Journal article,https://www.nsf-journal.hr/online-issues/case-studies/id/1412,"The Ukraine war broke many military axioms relating to Russia which were, for decades, accepted at face value. The combat abilities of the Russian army proved to be far below those attributed to it by Western intelligence analysis during the decades of the Cold War and much beyond.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4RDBVAFG,2023,Shlomo Shpiro,,National Security and the Future,2023-01-12T08:48:16Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7426,Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt: The First Modern Intelligence War,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Military-Intelligence-and-the-Arab-Revolt-The-First-Modern-Intelligence/Mohs/p/book/9780415493314,"Military Intelligence and the Arab Revolt examines the use and exploitation of intelligence in formulating Britain’s strategy for the Arab Revolt during the First World War. It also presents a radical re-examination of the achievements of T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) as an intelligence officer and guerrilla leader. Modern intelligence techniques such as Sigint, Imint and Humint were incorporated into strategic planning with greater expertise and consistency in Arabia than in any other th",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HGU2VKXP,01 November 2008,Paula Alice Mohs,Routledge,,2023-01-12T11:04:33Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7427,The Role of the Zimmermann Telegram in Spurring America's Entry into the First World War,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/26202105,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TNHRNY2E,2015,Puong Fei Yeh,National Military Intelligence Association,American Intelligence Journal,2023-01-12T11:03:02Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7428,British Military Intelligence in Cyprus during the Great War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344511430774,"This article explores the impact of civil-military relations and an unreliable ? even disloyal ? local population upon intelligence-gathering and counter-espionage in Cyprus, and therefore adds to the existing literature on British Near and Middle East military intelligence during the First World War. Drawing upon archives in Britain and Cyprus, and a range of published primary sources, a fresh contribution to First World War intelligence studies is offered through a focus on British counter-espionage efforts in Cyprus after 1916. The article covers Anglo-French intelligence cooperation on the Syrian and Cilician coast, the wartime loyalties of Cypriots and their value as spies, and insights into Ottoman and German human intelligence activity in the region. The primary focus is on the civil-military relations between the Cyprus colonial government and the military intelligence officers. It is argued that Cyprus acquired some importance as a post for intelligence-gathering and especially counter-espionage, but the problems derived from inadequate civil-military relations, disloyal Cypriot subjects, and the island?s status as a backwater hindered its development as a valuable asset in the Near and Middle East theatre.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AKESRSWZ,2012-07-01,Andrekos Varnava,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2023-01-12T10:27:46Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1177/0968344511430774,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2096669392,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2096669392,2014.0,2022.0,2012.0,,2.0 7429,MI5's Strategy During the First World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2016.1121047,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9IC7S45A,2016-07-02,Chris Northcott,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2023-01-12T10:21:43Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2016.1121047,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2328633585,0.0,False,,,,2016.0,, 7430,World War I and the Origins of U.S. Military Intelligence,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810884601/World-War-I-and-the-Origins-of-U.S.-Military-Intelligence,"World War I and the Origins of U.S. Military Intelligence provides the most authoritative overview of the birth of the Army's modern use of intelligence services processes, starting with World War I.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D69D8RCC,September 2012,James L. Gilbert,Rowman & Littlefield,,2023-01-12T10:20:49Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7431,The Real Special Relationship: The True Story of How the British and US Secret Services Work Together,Book,https://www.simonandschuster.co.uk/books/The-Real-Special-Relationship/Michael-Smith/9781471186790,"'Fascinating analysis' Nigel West; 'Grippingly told, authoritative' Mail on Sunday; 'Meticulously researched...a remarkably good read' John Brennan...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/77G4AU82,08/04/2022,Michael Smith,Simon & Schuster,,2023-01-12T08:50:27Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7432,Signals intelligence in India,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529508432309,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A7EA55TP,1995-07-01,Desmond Ball,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-12T00:40:55Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684529508432309,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1975281733,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975281733,2015.0,2023.0,1995.0,,20.0 7433,Naval Intelligence in the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071846709429751,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NGX4HEA9,1967-08-01,Norman Denning,Routledge,Royal United Services Institution. Journal,2023-01-12T00:40:14Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/03071846709429751,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2093048314,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2093048314,2022.0,2022.0,1967.0,,55.0 7434,Codebreaking and signals intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431838,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GGWNS8BV,1986-01-01,Christopher Andrew,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-12T00:38:30Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1080/02684528608431838,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2032638390,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2032638390,2015.0,2024.0,1986.0,,29.0 7435,Spies of the Kaiser: German covert operations in Great Britain during the First World War,Book,https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230508422,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LGQ73VA6,2004,Thomas Boghardt,Palgrave Macmillan,,2020-06-12T13:06:25Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'BNPYHVD4']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7436,Historical Dictionary of World War I Intelligence,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780810880016/Historical-Dictionary-of-World-War-I-Intelligence,"The Historical Dictionary of World War I Intelligence relates this history through a chronology, an introductory essay, an appendix, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KQY59GD9,2014,Nigel West,Rowman & Littlefield,,2023-01-11T15:19:40Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7437,The first intelligence war... [First World War Communications],Magazine article,https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6863801/,"After hostilities commenced in August 1914 the Admiralty's secret intelligence unit, Room 40, stepped-up its monitoring and codebreaking operations against Germany, providing the British armed forces with tide-turning information about the enemy's plans. This paper highlights Room 40's operations from the outbreak of hostilities to the war's end.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2J77IPML,26 July 2014,Paul Gannon,,Engineering & Technology,2023-01-11T15:09:31Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7438,Uneasy alliances: French military intelligence and the American army during the first world war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529808432461,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EMU5CAB2,1998-03-01,Jennifer D. Keene,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-11T14:57:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/02684529808432461,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2061087213,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2061087213,2014.0,2025.0,1998.0,,16.0 7439,Counter-Espionage and Security in Great Britain during the First World War,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/571479,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3NK5XGPZ,1986,Nicholas Hiley,Oxford University Press,The English Historical Review,2023-01-11T13:56:51Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7440,The British army and signals intelligence in the field during the first World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528808431968,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WQ45DADZ,1988-10-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-11T13:54:28Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/02684528808431968,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2091558983,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2091558983,2013.0,2022.0,1988.0,,25.0 7441,"Geography, Cartography and Military Intelligence: The Royal Geographical Society and the First World War",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/622594,"This essay examines the connections between geography, cartography and military intelligence in Britain during the First World War. It focuses on the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) and its wartime activities on behalf of the British intelligence service. Evidence is presented on the role of the RGS in the dispute between the so-called 'westerners', committed to an all-out clash with Germany on the western front, and the 'easterners', who argued that the key to deadlock in western Europe lay in the Ottoman Empire. For a short period, the RGS became a significant metropolitan focus for those advocating a British intervention in the Middle East coupled with an Arab revolt against the Turks, the campaign popularly associated with T E Lawrence. The essay concludes with an assessment of the significance of geography to the British war effort and an evaluation of the impact of the war on the institutions and prestige of the discipline. Some final comments are offered on the moral and ethical questions raised by the mobilization of geographical expertise in wartime.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4NAN9FW6,1996,Michael Heffernan,"[Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), Wiley]",Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,2023-01-11T12:42:39Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.2307/622594,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2322886683,115.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2322886683,2012.0,2026.0,1996.0,,16.0 7442,Female Intelligence: Women and Espionage in the First World War,Book,https://nyupress.org/9780814766941/female-intelligence,"When the Germans invaded her small Belgian village in 1914, Marthe Cnockaert’s home was burned and her family separated. After getting a job at a Germa...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GFVFQ65P,June 2003,Tammy Proctor,New York University Press,,2023-01-11T12:40:08Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7443,Towards the Comparative Study of Intelligence,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/14966,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RG3MBX5P,1991-06-06,Glenn P. Hastedt,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-11T07:37:39Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7444,Can Terrorists Actually Fight?,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2113966?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PTJT2TEN,2022-08-29 02:40:50,James J. Wirtz,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:06:45Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2113966,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293463210,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7445,"The ‘Unforgivable’?: Irish Republican Army (IRA) informers and dealing with Northern Ireland conflict legacy, 1969-2021",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2104000?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/254YWWYI,2022-08-03 11:57:14,"Eleanor Leah Williams, Thomas Leahy",tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:34:41Z,"['TLFN4NAL', 'V7KUA58M']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2104000,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4289687824,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4289687824,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2104000?needAccess=true,3.0 7446,"The Art of the Impossible: Intelligence and Nigeria’s Boko Haram War, 2010–2021",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2121948?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6BLN7Z2T,2022-09-30 07:00:10,"Adewunmi J. Falode, Babajimi O. Faseke",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:05:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2121948,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4298125981,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4298125981,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,,2.0 7447,Has the Cold War started yet? Evidence from the Royal Navy’s Monthly Intelligence Report 1946–52,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2081771?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MD8LSIMQ,2022-05-31 03:25:38,Andrew Ward,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:51:54Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2081771,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281786278,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281786278,2026.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2022.2081771?needAccess=true,4.0 7448,Thatcher’s spy: my life as an MI5 agent inside sinn féin,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2101177?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SJ6N4TDD,2022-08-11 10:42:17,Brendan Somers,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:33:38Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2101177,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4291006605,17.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4291006605,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 7449,‘Tell him that he is different’: how the U.S. intelligence tried to recruit the Soviets in Iran,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2129824?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AL99IH4A,2022-09-30 02:40:01,Grigorij Serscikov,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T16:09:44Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2129824,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4298138849,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7450,"Indications of war: American, British and Canadian intelligence diplomacy and the 1957 tripartite intelligence alerts agreement",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2123936?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NQBY7QCF,2022-09-27 12:54:27,Timothy Andrews Sayle,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:32:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2123936,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4297382016,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2123936, 7451,"The Hot Cold War: the mounting influence of the USSR on British intelligence in Palestine, 1945-1948 (and the misconception of intelligence failure as a root cause of the Mandate’s demise)",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2131029?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NXLAAKCS,2022-09-30 05:39:36,Joseph Russell-Hawkins,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T16:17:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2131029,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4297994934,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7452,Soviet intent at the dawn of the Cold War: Igor Gouzenko’s revelations about GRU intelligence taskings,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2021.1892997?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7ZFD3YLS,2021-02-25 08:12:50,Kevin Riehle,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T22:00:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2021.1892997,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3135879428,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 7453,"Agents, fascists and provocateurs: disinformation as an instrument to delegitimize uprisings in Eastern Europe (1953, 1956, 1968) and its impact on the politics of memory",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2021.1918940?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WDYGR22T,2021-04-26 11:43:50,Moritz Poellath,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T21:59:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2021.1918940,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4235460988,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4235460988,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,,1.0 7454,Reluctant revolutionaries: Czechoslovak support of revolutionary violence between decolonization and détente,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2098551?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J2YAEZEI,2022-07-13 09:02:05,Mikuláš Pešta,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:40:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2098551,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285086364,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285086364,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2098551?needAccess=true,1.0 7455,“An Ominous Talent”: Oleg Gribanov and KGB Counterintelligence,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2095545?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NPTYYQZ7,2022-08-05 05:11:15,Filip Kovacevic,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:08:07Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2095545,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4289936866,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7456,"Innovators, Copycats, or Pragmatists? Soviet Industrial Espionage and Innovation in the Military Aerospace Sector during the Cold War",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2109081?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4WSSGDVS,2022-08-30 08:21:19,Tony Ingesson,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:06:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2109081,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293646471,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293646471,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2109081,2.0 7457,Perestroika of the KGB: Chekists Penetrate Politics,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2074810?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SGY6W5VB,2022-07-07 07:42:06,Sanshiro Hosaka,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:11:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2074810,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4284895085,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4284895085,2022.0,2024.0,2022.0,,0.0 7458,Soviet intelligence and the Cuban missile crisis,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529808432494,"NIKITA KHRUSHCHEV, WHO ACTED AS HIS OWN INTELLIGENCE ANALYST, GAVE SOVIET INTELLIGENCE LITTLE OPPORTUNITY TO INFORM POLICY, TASKING IT NEITHER TO ESTIMATE THE PROSPECTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL COVERT DEPLOYMENT OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS TO CUBA, NOR TO ESTIMATE THE LIKELY AMERICAN REACTION. BY ALL INDICATION, KHRUSHCHEV DID NOT EVEN INFORM HIS INTELLIGENCE SERVICES OF HIS SCHEME. DURING THE CRISIS, SOVIET INTELLIGENCE WAS LARGELY UNABLE TO PROVIDE THE KREMLIN WITH USEFUL INFORMATION. THE POOR PERFORMANCE OF SOVIET INTELLIGENCE IN THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS MAY BE ATTRIBUTED IN PART TO A PAUCITY OF INFORMED AND RELIABLE SOURCES CLOSE TO THE WHITE HOUSE; IN PART TO TECHNICAL INCAPACITY; BUT, PERHAPS MOST IMPORTANTLY, TO BUREAUCRATIC CONSTRAINTS AND A LIMITING INSTITUTIONAL ETHOS.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P69D7N9N,1998,"Aleksandr Fursenko, Timothy Naftali",Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529808432494,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065579388,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065579388,2015.0,2025.0,1998.0,,17.0 7459,"Penkovsky, the Spy Who Tried to Destroy the World",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2021.1945372?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U763F7KC,2021-07-16 04:23:49,Benjamin B. Fischer,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:20:42Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1945372,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3185337544,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3185337544,2025.0,2025.0,2021.0,,4.0 7460,"Citadel, Prokhorovka and Kharkov: The armoured losses of the II SS Panzer Korps Sonderverbände during the battle of Kursk, July-August 1943",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2021.1889278?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BRPMLD4R,2021-03-12 05:19:02,Ben Wheatley,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:59:51Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2021.1889278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3139478677,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/16161262.2021.1889278?needAccess=true&role=button, 7461,"Swedish and British security officialdom, a suspected spy, and information management in the era of the Second World War",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2099189?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QZQIKGHX,2022-07-11 07:43:19,Mika Suonpää,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:51:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2022.2099189,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285013501,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2022.2099189?needAccess=true, 7462,‘Loathsome people’: British informers in the Nazi-occupied channel Islands,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2041870?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7RPPQTTG,2022-02-15 12:48:09,Graham Smyth,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:53:54Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2041870,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4213262203,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7463,"Interrogating the Gestapo: SS-Sturmbannführer Horst Kopkow, the Rote Kapelle and post-war British security interests",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2116861?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KMSRXISF,2022-09-04 08:45:49,Declan O’Reilly,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:50:39Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2116861,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4295353267,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2116861, 7464,"French Military Intelligence on the Brink of War, 1939–1940",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2021.1961454?af=R,"Volume 35, Issue 4, Winter 2022, Page 755-783.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3B9VRFNW,2021-09-01 09:42:31,William T. Murphy,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:03:15Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1961454,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3196340354,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3196340354,2026.0,2026.0,2021.0,,5.0 7465,Resistance within the heart of Nazi Terror: the case of Egon Lengeling,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2021.1882091?af=R,"Volume 21, Issue 2, June 2022, Page 135-152.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BH22RD5A,2021-01-29 10:19:10,Volkher H. C. von Lengeling,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T15:48:55Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2021.1882091,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3126470633,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 7466,Targeting Nazi Spies,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2038514?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RCESRUQ4,2022-06-30 03:34:09,Jefferson Adams,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:11:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2038514,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4283731152,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7467,The uses and utility of intelligence: the case of the British Government during the War of the Spanish Succession,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2021.2004029?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y654TFPY,2021-11-18 06:16:23,Matthias Pohlig,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:59:20Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.1080/16161262.2021.2004029,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3216084214,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3216084214,2025.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2021.2004029?needAccess=true,4.0 7468,Knowing the ‘hereditary enemy’: Austrian-Habsburg intelligence on the Ottoman Empire in the late sixteenth century,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2031522?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6ET7LVHA,2022-03-01 02:18:27,Tobias P. Graf,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:53:32Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/16161262.2022.2031522,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4214662900,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4214662900,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2022.2031522?needAccess=true,1.0 7469,The secret service of renaissance venice: intelligence organisation in the sixteenth century,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2141976?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ML2WF4II,2022-11-14 02:45:02,Ioanna Iordanou,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T15:53:34Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/16161262.2022.2141976,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4309046584,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4309046584,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2022.2141976,3.0 7470,The multifaceted norm of objectivity in intelligence practices,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076331?af=R,"Volume 37, Issue 6, October 2022, Page 820-834.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JHDVKG3H,2022-05-19 09:32:20,Kira Vrist Rønn,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:29:50Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076331,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280644067,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280644067,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/20e88953-7fa0-48b2-a02c-52449cecbabd,1.0 7471,Integrating intelligence theory with philosophy: introduction to the special issue,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076327?af=R,"Volume 37, Issue 6, October 2022, Page 763-776.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U8QVBGYN,2022-05-25 09:22:09,"Jules J. S. Gaspard, Giangiuseppe Pili",tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:29:27Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076327,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281476470,8.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281476470,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076327?needAccess=true,1.0 7472,Long term intelligence sharing: the Five Eyes and the European Union,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2085940?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NMMK462N,2022-06-08 01:34:22,Carleigh A. Cartmell,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:51:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/16161262.2022.2085940,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293078905,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293078905,2026.0,2026.0,2022.0,,4.0 7473,Threats and Opportunities: Intelligence Analysis for Managing and Exploiting Uncertainty,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2091415?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PKB9M6Q9,2022-08-01 02:52:14,Yakov Ben-Haim,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:08:57Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2091415,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4289313928,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7474,Justified true belief theory for intelligence analysis,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076332?af=R,"Volume 37, Issue 6, October 2022, Page 835-849.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UJ28HB44,2022-05-19 09:32:08,Martha Whitesmith,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:30:20Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076332,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280507480,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280507480,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076332?needAccess=true,1.0 7475,Intelligence analysis in an age of electronic dissemination,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529508432333,"Electronic dissemination will fundamentally change the relationship between intelligence analyst and his or her customer, whether this customer is a military commander or a civilian policy maker; moreover, in doing so electronic dissemination will bring significant changes in the ways in which intelligence analysts work.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UDKPQD7R,1995,Peter Sharfman,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-21T22:01:59Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'LXMU5UXP']",10.1080/02684529508432333,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2044993211,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2044993211,2015.0,2025.0,1995.0,,20.0 7476,"Feminist philosophy and the problem of intelligence analysis: standpoint, measurement, and motivation",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076333?af=R,"Volume 37, Issue 6, October 2022, Page 850-862.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2TJHCQFN,2022-05-13 10:13:48,Mary Beth Manjikian,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:30:34Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076333,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280555289,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280555289,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 7477,How to explain the value of intelligence analysis: external consequences or internal characteristics?,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076336?af=R,"Volume 37, Issue 6, October 2022, Page 874-887.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EKLHDZ2N,2022-05-24 09:05:17,Noel Hendrickson,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:31:30Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076336,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293066013,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293066013,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 7478,Intelligence Analysis Support Guide: Development and Validation,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2021.1966589?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MM9SQUX8,2021-12-07 09:09:04,"Mandeep K. Dhami, Kathryn E. Careless",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:19:28Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1966589,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4200475964,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 7479,The KGB and the control of the Soviet bloc: The case of East Germany,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529808432470,"The communist parties of the Soviet Bloc used their secret police above all as scarecrows, but at times these agencies performed another major role within the Soviet imperial scheme. They acted on Moscow's behalf as a check upon the communist parties of the satellite states themselves. The Soviet leaders were aware of the fragility of the communist parties which they had brought to power in Eastern Europe after 1945. The satellite secret police agencies provided information about the developments inside the local parties from the grassroots to the level of the politburo; and, in the event of the collapse of the local communist party, the secret police might provide the only means of preserving Soviet control. How this system operated in East Germany is examined. (Quotes from original text)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XZNGFBSD,1998,Richard J. Popplewell,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684529808432470,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2052497344,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2052497344,2014.0,2023.0,1998.0,,16.0 7480,Are Policies Sufficient to Foster Change in Diversity and Inclusion in the Australian and New Zealand Intelligence Sectors?,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2052538?af=R,"Volume 35, Issue 4, Winter 2022, Page 674-693.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GJ4ZQE7H,2022-05-10 04:10:51,Rachel Van Der Veen,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:03:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2052538,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281606861,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281606861,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 7481,Special Intelligence Service of the Federal Bureau of Investigation: Forgotten Forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2113988?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T5TWXW3C,2022-09-16 08:33:44,Zachary Selden,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:06:30Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2113988,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4296078621,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7482,The COVID-19 Intelligence Failure: Why warning was not enough?,Book,http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/covid-19-intelligence-failure,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/744JWZVT,February 2023,Erik J. Dahl,Georgetown University Press,,2023-01-09T20:10:04Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'N8VR3BYE']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7483,The View from Somewhere: Lessons from the Intelligence Failure in Iran,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2102327?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RT8JBLJG,2022-07-19 01:05:03,Arzan Tarapore,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:39:42Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2102327,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285796076,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285796076,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 7484,"The politics of intelligence failures: power, rationality, and the intelligence process",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2148866?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M2JGGRHJ,2022-12-04 05:41:16,Tom Lundborg,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-05T14:45:44Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2148866,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4311432040,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4311432040,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2148866,3.0 7485,Rethinking Intelligence Failure: China’s Intervention in the Korean War,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2021.1938905?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GWXBRE7M,2021-07-14 08:52:46,Jonathan Corrado,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:20:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.1080/08850607.2021.1938905,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3182098698,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3182098698,2023.0,2026.0,2021.0,,2.0 7486,Expanding Warning: Anticipating Diffused Threats,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2117001?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VY3NLPSS,2022-09-20 07:35:57,Daniel Gressang,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:05:53Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2117001,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4296492390,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4296492390,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 7487,Disaster intelligence: developing strategic warning for national security,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2043080?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WF8DI3VC,2022-03-17 10:03:59,"Chad M. Briggs, Miriam Matejova, Robert Weiss",tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T23:33:44Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2043080,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4221054573,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4221054573,2024.0,2026.0,2022.0,,2.0 7488,CIA/SOF convergence and congressional oversight,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2104015?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4T4UGE8X,2022-08-07 02:21:53,Jennifer D. Kibbe,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:34:24Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2104015,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4292155347,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4292155347,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,,1.0 7489,The Hughes-Ryan amendment and intelligence oversight: an inflection point in an oppositional relationship,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2070356?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2ZNEVZ8F,2022-05-30 07:18:39,"Frank Leith Jones, Genevieve Lester",tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:52:07Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/16161262.2022.2070356,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281717557,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281717557,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 7490,The Role of News Media in Intelligence Oversight,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2012.708521,"This article explores the role of the news media in overseeing intelligence services and their work. As an informal mechanism, how do they fit into the wider landscape of intelligence oversight? By drawing on examples of US counter-terrorism efforts in the post-9/11 era, the article identifies three roles for the news media in intelligence oversight: as an information transmitter and stimulator for formal scrutinizers, as a substitute watchdog and as a legitimizing institution. Yet there is a danger of the news media acting merely as a lapdog. Other limitations include the impact of regulatory frameworks, government secrecy and the media strategies of intelligence services. The article concludes that the news media play an important role in the wider intelligence oversight landscape, but that their ability to scrutinize is uneven and ad hoc and as a result the picture they produce is blurred.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7CECRE3A,2012,Claudia Hillebrand,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-21T21:58:08Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684527.2012.708521,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2033218608,49.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2033218608,2013.0,2025.0,2012.0,,1.0 7491,Origins of Oversight: Covert Action Amendments to the National Security Act of 1947,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2119446?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3ST74LV,2022-09-28 04:39:26,Melinda Haas,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:05:42Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2119446,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4297476715,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4297476715,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 7492,Redefining the security paradigm to create an intelligence ethic,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076335?af=R,"Volume 37, Issue 6, October 2022, Page 863-873.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NMQX8Y5N,2022-05-15 03:18:27,Ross W. Bellaby,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:31:23Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2076335,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280599476,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280599476,2024.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2076335?needAccess=true,2.0 7493,What's the Harm? The Ethics of Intelligence Collection,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2012.621600,"As the professional practice of intelligence collection adapts to the changing environment and new threats of the twenty-first century, many academic experts and intelligence professionals call for a coherent ethical framework that outlines exactly when, by what means and to what ends intelligence is justified. Reports of abuse at detention centres such as Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib, the ever increasing use of technological surveillance, and the increased attention on the use of torture for intelligence collection purposes have all highlighted a need to make an explicit statement about what is and what is not permissible intelligence practice. In this article an ethical framework will be established which will outline under what circumstances the use of different intelligence collection activities would be permissible. This ethical framework will first underline what it is about intelligence collection that is 'harmful' and, therefore, should be prohibited under normal circumstances....",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ISM2PSK2,2012,Ross Bellaby,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2012.621600,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2150271895,56.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2150271895,2013.0,2025.0,2012.0,,1.0 7494,Too many secrets? When should the intelligence community be allowed to keep secrets?,Journal article,http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/122022/3/Polity%20-%20Too%20Many%20Secrets%20-%20final%20RB.pdf,"In recent years, revelations regarding reports of torture by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and the quiet growth of the National Security Agency’s pervasive cyber-surveillance system have brought into doubt the level of trust afforded to the intelligence community. The question of its trustworthiness...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SG7EYLE2,2019,R. Bellaby,University of Chicago Press,Polity,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7495,Global Intelligence Co-operation versus Accountability: New Facets to an Old Problem,Journal article,http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684520902756812,"The most important recent change within the realm of intelligence and security services has been the expansion of intelligence co-operation. The growing connectivity between both foreign intelligence services and also domestic security services means that we might speak - not just of growing international co-operation - but perhaps even of global co-operation. This essay considers the complex interplay of intelligence and globalization since 1989. It argues that there is an obvious tension between a developing global style of co-operative activity and the traditional mechanisms of oversight, which have tended to be national. Accordingly, it moves on to discuss the recent efforts by national, regional and international systems of inquiry to examine issues that involve intelligence co-operation. It suggests that while formal committee-type mechanisms have limited purchase, they are not the only options for oversight in a globalized context.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M8H9CSMP,2009,Richard J. Aldrich,Taylor and Francis,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684520902756812,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1968823844,41.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968823844,2013.0,2025.0,2009.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684520902756812?needAccess=true,4.0 7496,Epidemiological intelligence fusion centers: health security and COVID-19 in the Dominican Republic,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2095601?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5MMYDUQ4,2022-07-07 11:21:39,"Craig Douglas Albert, Alejandro Amado Baez, Lance Hunter, John Heslen, Josh Rutland",tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T23:32:05Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'N8VR3BYE']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2095601,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4284885568,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4284885568,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,,1.0 7497,The Language of Nuclear Security: Language Diversity in Open-Source Internet Searches,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2074282?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6J8B25MS,2022-07-07 07:40:18,"Zenobia Homan, Yara Shaban, Shraddha Rane",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:11:06Z,['LXMU5UXP'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2074282,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4284893748,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4284893748,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2022.2074282?needAccess=true,1.0 7498,Art of Treason: Literary Double Agents and the Art World,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2108284?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZBNNHYRL,2022-08-25 08:27:26,Ruben Weiss,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:07:10Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2108284,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293080006,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7499,Blinding the Bear: Israeli Double Agents and Russian Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2108282?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V42FK7R4,2022-08-25 08:23:12,Shlomo Shpiro,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:06:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2108282,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293080010,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293080010,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 7500,Soviet Espionage in France during the Cold War: An Overview,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2077634?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WPXZT2BC,2022-06-30 03:16:19,William T. Murphy,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:11:43Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2077634,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4283740110,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7501,"The good, the bad, and the tradecraft: HUMINT and the ethics of psychological manipulation",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2129159?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ACB96IS2,2022-10-07 01:28:38,Stephan Lau,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:32:08Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2129159,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4303426758,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4303426758,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,,1.0 7502,Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Precarious State of a Double Agent during the Cold War,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2088951?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G9WNBGYL,2022-07-25 05:02:51,"Eleni Braat, Ben de Jong",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:10:20Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2088951,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4287577156,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4287577156,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2022.2088951?needAccess=true,3.0 7503,Assessing the FBI’s Pre-1979 Counterintelligence Operations against China,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2099111?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VGBXGWXV,2022-07-15 09:48:32,Darren E. Tromblay,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:39:50Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2099111,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285589205,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7504,Scoping the Future Counterintelligence Focus,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2091414?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B4HKV8KK,2022-08-01 02:51:09,"Dries Putter, Sascha-Dominik Dov Bachmann",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:08:38Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2091414,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4289341480,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4289341480,2022.0,2026.0,2022.0,,0.0 7505,Evading Secret Police: Counterintelligence Vulnerabilities in Authoritarian States,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2021.1937781?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9WWS4NVP,2021-07-16 04:13:46,"Blake W. Mobley, Carl Anthony Wege",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:20:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2021.1937781,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3184198643,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3184198643,2024.0,2024.0,2021.0,,3.0 7506,"State preferences, viable alternatives, and American covert action, 1946-1989",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2123937?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AXGW6GCW,2022-09-30 11:36:43,Jordan Roberts,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:32:28Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2123937,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4298142546,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4298142546,2023.0,2024.0,2022.0,,1.0 7507,Burned and Blinded: Escalation Risks of Intelligence Loss from Countercyber Operations in Crisis,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2081904?af=R,"Volume 35, Issue 4, Winter 2022, Page 806-833.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J4VA5WFM,2022-07-13 04:02:32,J. D. Work,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:03:58Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2081904,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285085383,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285085383,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,,2.0 7508,Distinguishing Cyberattacks by Difficulty,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2021.2018565?af=R,"Volume 35, Issue 4, Winter 2022, Page 784-805.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6KSZ4R6W,2022-03-09 04:32:14,M. A. Thomas,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:03:41Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2021.2018565,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4221084907,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4221084907,2025.0,2026.0,2022.0,,3.0 7509,Data-Driven Security and Democratic Intelligence: Key Role of Critical Engagement by Academia,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2032494?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HUDUGFPJ,2022-05-09 08:45:24,Silviu Cristian Paicu,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:17:33Z,"['8XXD789V', 'H28QZ8XV']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2032494,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4229452918,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4229452918,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,,1.0 7510,Dealing with data: coming to grips with the Information Age in Intelligence Studies journals,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2104932?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EHGRHLHM,2022-08-04 12:01:07,Tess Horlings,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:35:10Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2104932,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4289704953,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4289704953,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,,1.0 7511,Cyber Intelligence: Strategic Warning Is Possible,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2095544?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B6ZR9FKZ,2022-08-02 08:50:54,John A. Gentry,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:08:25Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2095544,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4289522746,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4289522746,2024.0,2026.0,2022.0,,2.0 7512,Hezbollah and the Internet in the Twenty-First Century,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2111999?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2XX5SUPG,2022-09-19 02:56:14,"János Besenyő, Attila Gulyas, Darko Trifunovic",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:06:15Z,"['8XXD789V', 'EJW4BLAR']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2111999,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4296378953,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4296378953,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,,1.0 7513,Justifying Cyber-Intelligence?,Journal article,http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/86657/5/WRRO_86657.pdf,"The surge in threats aided by or carried out through cyberspace has placed significant pressure on the intelligence community to adapt or leave itself open to attack. Indeed, many in both political and intelligence circles argue for access to ever greater amounts of cyber information in order to catch potential threats before they become real. By collecting all our digital information, the intelligence community argues that it is not only able to detail what people have done or are currently doing but also predict what their next move might be. However, the ethical implications are unclear and the backlash following Edward Snowden’s revelations have shown that such activities are not without controversy. This leaves the debate stuck between the important, ethical role that intelligence can play and the potential for its unrestrained use to cause undue harm. This paper will resolve this by giving greater detail to cyber-intelligence practices, highlighting the different levels of harm that the various intelligence operations can cause. The essence of this paper is not that cyber-intelligence should be banned outright, but that it can be justified given the necessary circumstances. Therefore, the paper will develop a specialised set of Just Cyber-Intelligence Principles, built on the just war tradition, to outline if and when such activities are justified.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q99CRRBH,2016,R. Bellaby,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Military Ethics,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7514,The Enigmatic Intelligencer: Deng Fa and the Chinese Communist Secret Police Profession,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2036080?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZXIRNQP6,2022-05-09 08:57:23,Zi Yang,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:17:41Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2036080,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4229442635,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7515,Australian intelligence oversight and accountability: efficacy and contemporary challenges,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2095602?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IMVSGDGT,2022-07-12 10:32:28,Patrick F. Walsh,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T23:30:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2095602,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285090537,10.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285090537,2023.0,2024.0,2022.0,,1.0 7516,"Comparison of the Secret Service of al-Shabaab, the Amniyat, and the National Intelligence and Security Agency (Somalia)",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2021.1987143?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QSSIE5TA,2021-12-01 06:19:02,"Gábor Sinkó, János Besenyő",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:19:44Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2021.1987143,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3215161068,14.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3215161068,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://tudasportal.uni-nke.hu/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12944/100778/4/besenyo_janos.pdf,1.0 7517,The Socioemotional Skills of Women for Intelligence Performance in the National Intelligence Directorate in Colombia,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2065224?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RV2RXNRZ,2022-06-13 07:55:38,"Nadia García Sicard, César Niño",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:12:30Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2065224,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4282573379,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4282573379,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,,1.0 7518,Israeli defense intelligence (IDI): adaptive evolution in the interaction between collection and analysis,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2110652?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X6B4ZK6G,2022-08-22 07:18:53,"Itai Shapira, David Siman-Tov",tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:33:07Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2110652,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4292573439,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4292573439,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2110652,2.0 7519,The spies who came to the East: Soviet illegals in the post-World War II Japan,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2022.2036006?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I88IJZHH,2022-02-07 01:42:28,Grigorij Serscikov,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T21:58:45Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2022.2036006,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4210859258,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4210859258,2025.0,2026.0,2022.0,,3.0 7520,The Imperial Japanese Army’s Tokumu Kikan – Special Service Organisations: connections between wartime and peacetime intelligence activities,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16161262.2021.1889277?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2DA95WHW,2021-02-12 05:46:16,James Llewelyn,tandf,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-11-17T22:00:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2021.1889277,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3130181152,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3130181152,2024.0,2024.0,2021.0,,3.0 7521,Beyond or In the Midst of the Masculinized Intelligence Community in Poland,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2052535?af=R,"Volume 35, Issue 4, Winter 2022, Page 654-673.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LJLUR2U5,2022-05-10 04:02:34,Aleksandra Gasztold,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:02:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2052535,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4229450494,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4229450494,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,,2.0 7522,“Tried and Trusted Patriots” for the CIA: Latvian Case Study of the KGB Operativnaia Igra Theory,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2104051?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/63LGPVPT,2022-08-11 03:38:45,Yaacov Falkov,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:07:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2104051,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4296571036,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4296571036,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,,2.0 7523,"Israeli Intelligence, the Second Intifada, and Strategic Surprise: A Case of “Intelligence to Please”?",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2021.1994347?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4T7PFPEX,2021-12-23 09:12:20,Avner Barnea,tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:18:54Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/08850607.2021.1994347,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4200473468,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200473468,2022.0,2022.0,2021.0,,1.0 7524,India’s Intelligence Culture and Strategic Surprises: Spying for South Block,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Indias-Intelligence-Culture-and-Strategic-Surprises-Spying-for-South/Chaya/p/book/9781032282947,"This book examines India’s foreign intelligence culture and strategic surprises in the 20th century. The work looks at whether there is a distinct way in which India ‘thinks about’ and ‘does’ intelligence, and, by extension, whether this affects the prospects of it being surprised. Drawing on a combination of archival data, secondary source information and interviews with members of the Indian security and intelligence community, the book provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of Indian intelligence culture from the ancient period to colonial times and, subsequently, the post-colonial era. This evolutionary culture has played a significant role in explaining the India’s foreign intelligence failure during the occurrences of strategic surprises, such as the 1962 Sino-Indian War and the 1999 Kargil War, while it successfully prepared for surprise attacks like Operation Chenghiz Khan by Pakistan in 1971. The result is that the book argues that the strategic culture of a nation and its interplay with intelligence organisations and operations is important to understanding the conditions for intelligence failures and strategic surprises. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, strategic studies, Asian politics and International Relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DFY7S7S2,29 September 2022,Dheeraj Chaya,Routledge,,2022-12-15T15:12:42Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7525,"Information Supremacy, Strategic Intelligence, and Russian Aggression against Ukraine in 2022",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2117577?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NEJS9NH4,2022-10-05 03:21:29,"Gordan Akrap, Ivica Mandić, Iva Rosanda Žigo",tandf,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-17T22:04:48Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2117577,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4302009537,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4302009537,2023.0,2024.0,2022.0,,1.0 7526,Stasi Records Archive,Webpage,https://www.stasi-unterlagen-archiv.de/en/,"The Stasi Records Archive is responsible for the safekeeping, utilization and accessibility of all records…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5J5INHLI,,,,,2023-01-10T22:00:52Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7527,Intelligence Studies: Problem or Solution?,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2119797?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XGDYASRR,2022-10-04 03:38:09,Diana I. Bolsinger,tandf,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-17T22:05:00Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2119797,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4300981537,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4300981537,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 7528,National Security Intelligence and Ethics,Book,https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/51191,"This volume examines the ethical issues that arise as a result of national security intelligence collection and analysis. Powerful new technologies enable the collection, communication, and analysis of national security data on an unprecedented scale. Data collection now plays a central role in intelligence practice, yet this development raises a host of ethical and national security problems, such as: privacy; autonomy; threats to national security and democracy by foreign states; and accountability for liberal democracies. This volume provides a comprehensive set of in-depth ethical analyses of these problems by combining contributions from both ethics scholars and intelligence practitioners. It provides the reader with a practical understanding of relevant operations, the issues that they raise, and analysis of how responses to these issues can be informed by a commitment to liberal democratic values. This combination of perspectives is crucial in providing an informed appreciation of ethical challenges that is also grounded in the realities of the practice of intelligence. This book will be of great interest to all students of intelligence studies, ethics, security studies, foreign policy, and International Relations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IE4VEWEE,2022,"Seumas Miller, Mitt Regan, Patrick F. Walsh",Routledge,,2022-12-11T23:08:55Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.4324/9781003164197,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3210403993,22.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3210403993,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003164197,1.0 7529,Controlling Intelligence,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203043677/controlling-intelligence-glenn-hastedt,"The vital ingredient in the formulation and execution of a successful foreign policy is intelligence. For the USA, as the Bay of Pigs incident and the",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J8X5BWPQ,11 November 2004,Glenn P. Hastedt,Routledge,,2023-01-10T00:19:24Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7530,KGB Lexicon: The Soviet Intelligence Officers Handbook,Book,https://www.routledge.com/KGB-Lexicon-The-Soviet-Intelligence-Officers-Handbook/Mitrokhin/p/book/9780714682358,In this volume Mitrokhin presents two dictionaries produced by the KGB itself to define their activities in both offensive and defensive intelligence work. The translated documents tell the story of the KGB's methods and targets and should interest the general public as well as the specialist.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3DDVG98Q,04 February 2002,Vasili Mitrokhin,Routledge,,2023-01-10T00:16:02Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7531,Radio Intelligence and its Role in the Battle of the Atlantic,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_9,"To form a real understanding of the role which radio intelligence played in the decision-making processes at the various levels of command, and in the conduct of their operations during the Second World War, we need to have a clear picture of three aspects: firstly, the organisation and the operational methods used by the fighting services and their leaders; secondly, the different methods used by the different services of different belligerents for their respective communications, and the cryptographic systems used to make those communications secure against enemy intelligence; and thirdly, the technological methods used by the cryptanalysts on the other side and their relationship to the intelligence staffs and the decision-making bodies at the various levels of command.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SZ6WZIZV,1984,Jürgen Rohwer,Macmillan Education UK,,2023-01-10T00:12:12Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_9,The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2481238027,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2481238027,,,1984.0,, 7532,"Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: The Major Successes and Failures, Their Causes and Their Effects",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_8,"CODEBREAKING’S most important historical role has been in the two World Wars. Its beginnings, however, may be traced back to the days of the Pharaohs. A letter records the intention of a foreigner to determine the meaning of fires raised by the Egyptians.1 (No one knows if he succeeded.) Several centuries later, in 207 BC, the Romans intercepted a letter from Hasdrubal to his brother Hannibal, further south in Italy. It enabled the Romans to concentrate their forces at the Metaurus River to defeat the Carthaginians.2 This was the only battle in Edward S. Creasy’s The fifteen decisive battles of the world: from Marathon to Waterloo 3 that depended upon intelligence for its victory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KIP4LUXP,1984,David Kahn,Macmillan Education UK,,2023-01-10T00:11:46Z,"['BNPYHVD4', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_8,The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4254704054,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4254704054,2019.0,2019.0,1984.0,,35.0 7533,"Enigma, the French, the Poles and the British, 1931–1940",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_7,"ON 11 March 1940, Colonel Louis Rivet, the head of the French Intelligence Service, wrote in his private diary: ‘The decrypts of the Enigma machine are becoming interesting and numerous’.1 What he was rejoicing at was the success of British, Polish and French cryptologists who had begun to decypher regularly the radio messages for which the Germans used their extremely sophisticated cypher machine called the Enigma. The Germans had full confidence in the Enigma: the scrambler of the machine was such an elaborate one, with three rotors and a plugboard, and the number of possible encoding positions for each letter was such an immensely huge one (it was around 5000 billion trillion trillion trillion trillion, or 5 followed by 87 zeros)2 that they believed their cypher to be absolutely unbreakable. Their opponents nevertheless had succeeded in breaking it since January 1940. This was the result of the joint effort of two teams of cryptologists, one in Britain and the other in France. The British team was working at Bletchley, in Buckinghamshire (a now very famous name, but which remained top secret up to 1974), where the Government Code and Cypher School had moved in August 1939.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VVG6QNJL,1984,Jean Stengers,Macmillan Education UK,,2023-01-10T00:11:28Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_7,The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2074970822,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2074970822,2013.0,2016.0,1984.0,,29.0 7534,"Flashes of Intelligence: The Foreign Office, The SIS and Security Before the Second World War",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_6,"IF the unveiling of hitherto secret material about British penetration of the enemy’s communications during the Second World War finds no precise parallel in the documents released for the period between the wars, the Public Record Office nevertheless offers a good deal of material about the ‘intelligence’ of those days. Admittedly, the records ofthe intelligence services themselves (a loose but convenient term to cover a number of agencies which gathered material in or about foreign countries, or carried out covert operations there, or resisted attempts to penetrate British secrets) are still withheld, as are the papers of committees which dealt with the intelligence services. Probably the pre-war archives of the intelligence services are but patchily preserved, though assurances have recently been given1 that such material is not wilfully destroyed, and will be kept in case its release ever becomes possible. But since the various services had to provide the fruits of their work to departments of state, and the Foreign Office controlled, under the direction of the Permanent Under-Secretary, the Secret Intelligence Service, material relating to SIS had occasionally to be incorporated in the records of that Office.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/48YZTA6W,1984,David Dilks,Macmillan Education UK,,2023-01-10T00:11:17Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_6,The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2483066883,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2483066883,2014.0,2022.0,1984.0,,30.0 7535,British Military and Economic Intelligence: Assessments of Nazi Germany Before the Second World War,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_5,"THE term ‘intelligence’ is often taken to mean covert operations to gather information, conducted by a (literally) Secret Service. However, for most of the interwar period, the Secret Service proper (MI6 or SIS) was a small, fringe organisation. It was understaffed, underpaid, and could run few agents abroad, while the cryptanalysts of GC&CS provided a disappointingly limited access to the coded radio traffic of both Hitler’s Germany and Stalin’s Russia. The main work of intelligence assessment was conducted by a wider bureaucracy, which utilised both covert and public sources of information. Military intelligence work was done by the three service departments, each concentrating in an independent fashion on the rearmament of its German opposite number. Economic intelligence was gathered by the Industrial Intelligence Centre (IIC). A limited coordination of this material was achieved by the Chiefs of Staff (COS). But this took the form, for most of the decade, of an accumulation of the details provided by the three service departments and the IIC, rather than an attempt at a synthesis.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XT7657XU,1984,Wesley K. Wark,Macmillan Education UK,,2023-01-10T00:11:05Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_5,The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2490690777,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2490690777,,,1984.0,, 7536,"British Intelligence in Ireland, 1914–1921",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_4,"THE purpose of this chapter is to discuss the organisation and performance of British intelligence in Ireland from the outbreak of the First World War to the cessation of hostilities between the authorities in Ireland and the Irish separatists. This seven-year period is best divided into three phases, from 1914 to the Easter rebellion in 1916, from the rebellion to the end of the war in 1918, and from then onwards to the Irish treaty in 1921. These phases are quite distinct, but in each can be seen the same problems of obtaining, organising and evaluating intelligence which characterised the British effort to maintain order and political control in Ireland.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W23XB4NH,1984,Eunan O’Halpin,Macmillan Education UK,,2023-01-10T00:10:49Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_4,The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2501625496,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2501625496,2012.0,2021.0,1984.0,,28.0 7537,"Codebreakers and Foreign Offices: The French, British and American Experience",Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_3,"LIKE other major foreign ministries, the Quai d’Orsay, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the State Department nowadays receive much of their most valuable intelligence from cryptanalysts: from the Groupement des Contrôles Radio-électriques in France, from the Government Communications Headquarters in Britain, and from the National Security Agency in the United States. The historical origins of these three secret agencies are very different. In France there is an almost continuous history of diplomatic codebreaking stretching back to the cabinet noir founded by Cardinal Richelieu. In Britain the Foreign Office inherited an official ‘decypherer on its foundation in 1782 but abolished the post in 1844 and abandoned codebreaking altogether for the next seventy years. The United States lived in a state of cryptographic innocence until its entry into the First World War prompted the creation of its first ‘Black Chamber’ (so named in honour of the French original). Despite these national differences, however, there are three striking similarities in the twentieth-century experience of diplomatic codebreaking in France, Britain and the United States.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JKQRJEHQ,1984,Christopher Andrew,Macmillan Education UK,,2023-01-10T00:10:28Z,['T92JK7A5'],10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_3,The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2491174324,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2491174324,2022.0,2022.0,1984.0,,38.0 7538,Japanese Intelligence and the Approach of the Russo-Japanese War,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_2,"SINCE the Meiji Restoration of 1868 Japan had learnt some of the military arts at the hands of Europeans. Such war-making techniques as were used at the time of the Franco-Prussian War were imparted to the Japanese army at its military staff college by such tutors as Major (later General) Jacob Meckel in the 1880s.2 Similarly, knowledge about the navy was taught to Japanese naval officers at Greenwich and in Japan by British naval instructors. Although, so far as is known, these courses did not cover training in intelligence, in this area also Japan was influenced by European example.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B7JKTTAE,1984,Ian Nish,Macmillan Education UK,,2023-01-10T00:10:01Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7_2,The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2477943545,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2477943545,,,1984.0,, 7539,The Missing Dimension: Governments and Intelligence Communities in the Twentieth Century,Book,http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZXDVJ2DL,1984,"Christopher Andrew, David Dilks",Macmillan Education UK,,2023-01-10T00:09:00Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1007/978-1-349-07234-7,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2491832611,107.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2491832611,2012.0,2026.0,1984.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-349-07234-7%2F1.pdf,28.0 7540,"The Ultimate Enemy: British Intelligence and Nazi Germany, 1933–1939",Book,https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801418211/the-ultimate-enemy/,Wark shows that faulty intelligence assessments were crucial in shaping the British policy of appeasement up to the outbreak of World War II. His book offers a new perspective on British policy and intelligence in the interwar period.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9W9XEJ5B,1985,Wesley K. Wark,Cornell University Press,,2023-01-10T00:02:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7541,"From Security Threat to Protection of Vital Interests: Changing Perceptions in the Dutch Security Service, 1945-91",Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/15024,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UXVDALVY,1992-03-03,Bob de Graaff,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-10T00:01:59Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7542,The Limits of Intelligence: Iraq's Lessons,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2004.9688605,"In allocating blame for the intelligence failure over Iraq, critics of the Bush administration focus on former CIA Director George Tenet's bending to White House pressure or the administration's mishandling of intelligence. Supporters of the president downplay White House responsibility and focus instead on the failings of the intelligence community and the possible need for structural reforms. Neither side has it completely wrong - or right. There is substantial evidence that the Bush administration - like many of its predecessors - oversold the threat to sell its preferred policy choice. But any quest to 'fix' intelligence merely through reorganisation will be futile insofar as it avoids the more prosaic but more critical matter of intelligence effectiveness. This depends far less on structural reform than on the quality of collected intelligence, the nature of the analytic process and, ultimately, the relationship between intelligence and policymaking officials.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NJW6BLXK,2004-09-01,Dennis M. Gormley,Routledge,Survival,2023-01-09T20:44:43Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/00396338.2004.9688605,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1999043309,13.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1999043309,2013.0,2016.0,2004.0,,9.0 7543,9/11 Intelligence Failure,Book chapter,,"Intelligence: The Secret World of Spies, An Anthology, is the most up-to-date reader in intelligence studies. Editors Loch K. Johnson and James J. Wirtz present a diverse, comprehensive, and highly accessible set of thirty-five readings by leading experts in the field. This unique volume features coverage of many topics including methods of intelligence collection, intelligence analysis, the danger of intelligence politicization, relationships between intelligence officers and the policymakers they serve, covert action, counterintelligence, accountability and civil liberties, cybersecurity and intelligence, and the global struggle against ISIS.The anthology includes:* Articles examining a wide variety of important issues (satellite surveillance, 9/11, the search for WMDs in Iraq, homeland security, and counterterrorism)* An epilogue analyzing the current state of intelligence* Introductions at the beginning of each piece that help to contextualize chapter content* Discussion questions at the end of each chapter that reinforce key concepts and encourage class participation* Comprehensive coverage of many hot topics including the history of intelligence, how the United States gathers and interprets global information, the meaning of security intelligence, methods of intelligence collection, intelligence analysis, the danger of intelligence politicization, relationships between intelligence officers and the policymakers they serve, covert action, counterintelligence, accountability and civil liberties, the implications of major intelligence failures in 2001 and 2003, and intelligence as practiced in other nationsand the implementation of lessons learned from historical major intelligence failures. , Intelligence: The Secret World of Spies, An Anthology, is the most up-to-date reader in intelligence studies. Editors Loch K. Johnson and James J. Wirtz present a diverse, comprehensive, and highly accessible set of thirty-five readings by leading experts in the field. This unique volume features coverage of many topics including methods of intelligence collection, intelligence analysis, the danger of intelligence politicization, relationships between intelligence officers and the policymakers they serve, covert action, counterintelligence, accountability and civil liberties, cybersecurity and intelligence, and the global struggle against ISIS.The anthology includes:* Articles examining a wide variety of important issues (satellite surveillance, 9/11, the search for WMDs in Iraq, homeland security, and counterterrorism)* An epilogue analyzing the current state of intelligence* Introductions at the beginning of each piece that help to contextualize chapter content* Discussion questions at the end of each chapter that reinforce key concepts and encourage class participation* Comprehensive coverage of many hot topics including the history of intelligence, how the United States gathers and interprets global information, the meaning of security intelligence, methods of intelligence collection, intelligence analysis, the danger of intelligence politicization, relationships between intelligence officers and the policymakers they serve, covert action, counterintelligence, accountability and civil liberties, the implications of major intelligence failures in 2001 and 2003, and intelligence as practiced in other nationsand the implementation of lessons learned from historical major intelligence failures.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U9IJUTC6,2022-12-15,Kean Commission,Oxford University Press,,2023-01-09T20:42:54Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",,"Intelligence: The Secret World of Spies, An Anthology",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7544,Intelligence Failures: What Are They Really and What Do We Do about Them?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.661646,"Intelligence failures occur for more reasons than just sloppy tradecraft and are often attributable to decision-makers as well as to the intelligence community. Before exploring the subjective nature of intelligence failures, this article first discusses three foundational concepts underlying them: process vs. product, fact vs. judgment, and prediction. It then outlines major components of intelligence failures: accuracy, surprise, and the role of decision-makers, particularly unrealistic expectations and the use or non-use of intelligence. The article concludes with a discussion of what the intelligence community and decision-makers can do to deal with these three components.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHNT9RQX,2012-04-01,Mark A. Jensen,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-09T20:38:34Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/02684527.2012.661646,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2070577393,27.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2070577393,2015.0,2026.0,2012.0,,3.0 7545,The Tet Offensive: Intelligence failure in war,Book,https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801424861/the-tet-offensive/,Wirtz explains why U.S. forces were surprised by the North Vietnamese Tet Offensive in 1968.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PBM8AJV2,1991,James J. Wirtz,Cornell University Press,,2023-01-09T20:34:05Z,"['BHVIFBRH', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7546,None So Blind: A Personal Failure Account of the Intelligence in Vietnam,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781566633871/None-So-Blind-A-Personal-Failure-Account-of-the-Intelligence-in-Vietnam,"In this personal account of the intelligence failure in Vietnam, Mr. Allen reveals specifically how American leaders largely excluded intelligence from important policy deliberations until it was ...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KE3676SP,August 2001,George W. Allen,Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2023-01-09T20:31:47Z,"['BHVIFBRH', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7547,For want of a nail: A German intelligence failure in 1939,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/03071840208446801,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q6JEXGRU,2002-08-01,Colin Latham,Routledge,The RUSI Journal,2023-01-09T20:22:24Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/03071840208446801,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2006673498,0.0,False,,,,2002.0,, 7548,"Strategic culture and intelligence failure: British intelligence on Japan before the Imphal–Kohima battle, 1943–1944",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344519898722,"Despite the common perception that British intelligence succeeded in preventing surprise before the Imphal?Kohima battle, this study shows that British assessment of Japanese intentions before the battle was in fact extremely ambivalent. It argues that the difference between British and Japanese strategic cultures was the key to explain British intelligence failure. Because of the two different strategic cultures, the British could not understand the dynamics of Japanese strategic planning and Japan?s offensive political objective against India. These findings suggest that despite improvement in technology and organization, diverging strategic cultures of different opponents will likely remain a major challenge to future intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RLIF7RIJ,2021-11-01,Zhongtian Han,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2023-01-09T20:20:57Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1177/0968344519898722,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3027475950,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3027475950,2025.0,2025.0,2020.0,,5.0 7549,Re-evaluating the Yom Kippur ‘Intelligence Failure’: The Cultural Lens in Crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2016.1230766,"Henry Kissinger famously explained the ‘intelligence failure’ of Yom Kippur in cultural terms, asserting that Western analysts were unable to understand Arab rationality in ‘starting an unwinnable war to restore self-respect.’ This article fundamentally challenges this conventional understanding of the 1973 surprise attack. Drawing on recently declassified material and interviews with veteran diplomats and intelligence professionals it will show that both the British and American intelligence communities had an excellent sense of Egyptian President Sadat's intentions in waging war against Israel. Rather the evidence suggests that misconceptions about Egyptian military capability were more important. These misconceptions derived from particular ideas about Arab culture and Soviet–Egyptian relations following the expulsion of Soviet advisors in 1972. The article thereby illuminates wider questions about how we define ‘failure’ in intelligence and the role of cultural ideas in international history.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3KZRUHHL,2017-05-27,Dina Rezk,Routledge,The International History Review,2023-01-09T20:19:07Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/07075332.2016.1230766,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2523481267,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2523481267,2019.0,2025.0,2016.0,,3.0 7550,Eight: Intelligence failure,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.51952/9781447326427.ch008,"As was highlighted earlier, much of our understanding of intelligence practice comes not from policing, which largely has hidden this facet of its work from public view, but from SIAs. Such knowledge is derived in particular from the US intelligence community, which for many years has encouraged research into its practices and has endorsed both publication of research findings and scholarly reflection on the themes that have emerged from them (often under the auspices of bodies such as the US National Institute of Justice or the Central Intelligence Agency’s Center for the Study of Intelligence). There now is a relatively large body of scholarly research on intelligence failure on which practitioners can draw. There is much less on intelligence success and that is bound to skew the public’s perception of the work. That is just as true of policing as it is of the security milieu. US academic (and national security ‘insider’) Richard K. Betts and a second US academic (and former US Navy intelligence analyst) ErikJ. Dahl persuasively have argued that no matter how many resources the intelligence community is able to call on, no matter how many analytical processes it develops, no matter how much data it collects, crises or calamities – that in the modern era have come to be labelled intelligence ‘failures’ – are inevitable. Against that background, the following questions are posed: To what extent are those analyses applicable to the UK policing milieu? Does the increasing emphasis on big data obscure the intrinsic value of ‘little data’ to intelligence success? What efforts are the police making to manage the risks associated with intelligence failure? The phrase actionable intelligence is a relatively modern creation that links action and intelligence and, intentionally or otherwise (its genesis may have been a calculated act or simply an etymological quirk), invests the product of that association with a utility that neither, on its own, possesses.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9RA3D6WQ,2016/04/27,Adrian James,Policy Press,,2023-01-09T20:17:44Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,Understanding Police Intelligence Work,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7551,Sparrow Mission: A US Intelligence Failure during World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.661645,"The article presents an intelligence case gone bad during the Second World War, when the United States decided to drop a three-man OSS group into Hungary. Hungary, a close ally of Germany, after seeing that the war was not going to end with an Axis victory, wished to seek contact with the Western Allies in order to try to find a way out of its precarious situation. The study, based mainly on archival research, shows the evolution of the Sparrow Mission, whose goals are still unclear today. Both the preparations and the timing of the mission seem to indicate that the plan had some influence on the German decision of occupying Hungary in March 1944, and such a German move helped the Normandy landing of the Allies a few months later.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SNA8ZN2T,2012-04-01,Zoltan Peterecz,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-09T20:16:51Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2012.661645,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2041440189,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2041440189,2020.0,2020.0,2012.0,,8.0 7552,Epistemology of Forecasting in International Relations: Knowing the Difference between ‘Intelligence Failure’ and ‘Warning Failure’,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230316911_3,"Too often ‘intelligence failure’ and ‘warning failure’ are used interchangeably. These terms are considered equal parts of a forecasting equation, if they are considered separate entities at all. Mostly, they are perceived as two interchangeable terms, with the assumption that one necessarily leads to the other. This may be because analysts (those who are involved in producing intelligence products) and policymakers (those who are involved in consuming intelligence products) do not, or care not to, understand the different values and variables placed on ‘warning’ and ‘intelligence’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y78TR8FW,2011,Jan Goldman,Palgrave Macmillan UK,,2023-01-09T20:16:23Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.1057/9780230316911_3,"Forecasting, Warning and Responding to Transnational Risks",Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2502776994,0.0,False,,,,2011.0,, 7553,The East German Secret Service Structure and Operational Focus,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/14777,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FUJXB5HH,1987-09-09,J. A. Emerson Vermaat,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T20:13:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7554,Two ancient intelligence failure post-mortems,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2018.1526569,"This article looks at two ancient intelligence postmortems, one pertaining to intelligence failure in the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1666, the other from Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798. Both documents deal with wartime naval intelligence, and allow to put the practice of intelligence failure into historical perspective, study the nature of intelligence in these times, and to see that not only were the difficulties of intelligence analysis similar to those encountered today, but that the investigation of what went wrong also bears some resemblance to present-day official inquests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MXJVQBUA,2018-10-20,Kenneth L. Lasoen,Routledge,Comparative Strategy,2023-01-09T20:08:21Z,"['8XA7D88D', 'D7XFV7JL', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1080/01495933.2018.1526569,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2888651907,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 7555,"Surprise, Intelligence Failure, and Mass Casualty Terrorism",Thesis,http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/7678/,"This study aims to evaluate whether surprise and intelligence failure leading to mass casualty terrorism are inevitable. It explores the extent to which four factors - failures of public policy leadership, analytical challenges, organizational obstacles, and the inherent problems of warning information - contribute to intelligence failure. This study applies existing theories of surprise and intelligence failure to case studies of five mass casualty terrorism incidents: World Trade Center 1993; Oklahoma City 1995; Khobar Towers 1996; East African Embassies 1998; and September 11, 2001. A structured, focused comparison of the cases is made using a set of thirteen probing questions based on the factors above. The study concludes that while all four factors were influential, failures of public policy leadership contributed directly to surprise. Psychological bias and poor threat assessments prohibited policy makers from anticipating or preventing attacks. Policy makers mistakenly continued to use a law enforcement approach to handling terrorism, and failed to provide adequate funding, guidance, and oversight of the intelligence community. The study has implications for intelligence reform, information sharing, Congressional oversight, and society's expectations about the degree to which the intelligence community can predict or prevent surprise attacks.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DMRNQX7D,2006-05-04,Thomas Edgar Copeland,,,2023-01-09T20:06:36Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Pittsburgh,,,,,,,,, 7556,U.S. Policy for Countering Terrorism: The Intelligence Dimension,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/14701,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AJ3JICT6,1986-01-01,Richard D. Crabtree,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T20:03:23Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7557,The Failure of Intelligence Prediction,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1960.tb01136.x,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EZD3L3F3,"June 1, 1960",Benno Wasserman,SAGE Publications Ltd,Political Studies,2020-07-20T12:40:43Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1111/j.1467-9248.1960.tb01136.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2081651808,15.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2081651808,2017.0,2023.0,1960.0,,57.0 7558,"""Repugnant Philosophy"": Ethics, Espionage, and Covert Action1",Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/4597,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3FQ9QKJK,1995-01-01,David L. Perry,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T20:02:34Z,"['B6RJNLTK', 'DVEM4H4W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7559,Covert Action and American Foreign Policy: The Iran-Contra Operation,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/15146,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JP54A3VB,1993-09-09,Elizabeth E. Anderson,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T20:02:05Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7560,Accountable Intelligence—The British Experience,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/14786,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YVJFAJZJ,1988-01-01,K. G. Robertson,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T20:01:52Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7561,"Intelligence, Terrorism and Civil Liberties",Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/14756,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PRYFTRCZ,1987-03-03,K. G. Robertson,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T20:01:04Z,"['DVEM4H4W', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7562,Change and Development in the New Zealand Security and Intelligence Services,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/4290,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z6XULGB5,2001-08-01,Geoffrey R. Weller,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T20:00:48Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7563,State-Intelligence Relations in Israel: 1948-1997,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/11754,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K2WWAN3I,1997-11-01,Uri Bar-Joseph,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T20:00:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7564,Syria's Intelligence Services: Origins and Development1,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/11815,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9RDU2AT8,1996-11-01,Andrew Rathmell,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T19:59:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7565,The Intelligence Community Debate over Intuition versus Structured Technique: Implications for Improving Intelligence Warning,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/15234,"A long-standing debate divides many in the Intelligence Community over whether structured techniques work on complex problems, such as intelligence analysis. The non-structured approach has become the norm in the Intelligence Community This article describes both sides of the debate and argues that the evidence shows systematic process is better than intuition alone. Most importantly, this article asserts that the Intelligence Community should: first, acknowledge the results of the debate, and second, take a major step by committing to a uniform set of standards (indicators and methodology), which combine intuition and structured technique, for the standing intelligence warning topics. Recommendations for implementation are described in a proposed methodology model that identifies a uniform set of standards to improve intelligence warning.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KE3RKN94,2009-04-01,Sundri Khalsa,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T19:58:43Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7566,The Development of British Counter-Insurgency Intelligence,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/15233,"The centrality of intelligence to counter-insurgency operations and campaigns is now widely acknowledged. But this has not always been the case, even for Great Britain, which is generally regarded as the world leader in counter-insurgency. By examining operational experience, doctrine and training, and professional writing on the subject, this article will show how intelligence emerged as a centerpiece of British counter-insurgency theory and practice in the post-1945 era. It will demonstrate that the British experienced a steep learning curve. Sound theory and practice were no guarantee of success, since victory or defeat was determined largely by local conditions and British political considerations. And some intelligence practices that had been effective in distant conflicts proved problematic when applied in the domestic arena of Northern Ireland. Ultimately, British counter-insurgency theory and practice became “intelligence-driven.”",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R3UA4P9D,2009-04-01,David A. Charters,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T19:58:16Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7567,Intelligence Failure and Terrorism: the Attack on the Marines in Beirut,Journal article,https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/14797,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T4ALNBN6,1988-03-03,Glenn Hastedt,,Journal of Conflict Studies,2023-01-09T19:56:57Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7568,Intelligence Failures: Forecasting and the Lessons of Epistemology,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203508640-11/intelligence-failures-forecasting-lessons-epistemology-woodrow-kuhns,"The study of intelligence failures is perhaps the most academically advanced field in the study of intelligence.1 This is particularly true of strategic surprise, that most dramatic and consequential of intelligence failures. Michael Handel, who made a major contribution to the study of this issue, once listed the various disciplines that had made contributions to its study:It is related to, and dependent on, earlier research in psychology (problems of perception); communication and information theory (the problems of signal-to-noise ratio, information bottlenecks, improved processing procedures of information, etc.); theories of organizational and bureaucratic behavior (for example, problems of overlapping and duplicate intelligence work by a number of different intelligence agencies, ways to improve interagency coordination); statistics; disaster theory; mathematical theories (the study of cryptanalysis, the optimal timing of surprise, etc.); anthropology (the study of the influence of different cultures and their impact on mutual perceptions and misperceptions, different attitudes toward risk acceptance); and history (the basic information needed for detailed case studies).2",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QGBCNRAC,2004/08/02,Woodrow J. Kuhns,Routledge,,2023-01-09T19:53:07Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.4324/9780203508640-11,Paradoxes of Strategic Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2891045652,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2891045652,2013.0,2025.0,2004.0,,9.0 7569,Paradoxes of Strategic Intelligence: Essays in Honor of Michael I. Handel,Book,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780203508640/paradoxes-strategic-intelligence-richard-betts-thomas-mahnken?refId=6c00df77-db11-4cb0-b68e-f8a8fb4f4a4d&context=ubx,"Part of a three part collection in honour of the teachings of Michael I. Handel, one of the foremost strategists of the late 20th century, this collection explores the paradoxes of intelligence analysis, surprise and deception from both historical and theoretical perspectives.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MX2RPZNI,2003-08-01,"Richard K. Betts, Thomas Mahnken",Routledge,,2023-01-09T19:49:02Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.4324/9780203508640,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4242675444,25.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4242675444,2012.0,2026.0,2004.0,,8.0 7570,Intelligence And Espionage: An Analytical Bibliography,Book,https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049682,"This pioneering work, based on many years of reading and research and ranging mainly from the seventeenth century to the present, breaks new ground in intelligence bibliography. It is the most comprehensive and thorough bibliography of English-language nonfiction books on intelligence and espionage to date. The in-depth analytical annotations deal",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8BYPYZZH,2019-05-31,George C. Constantinides,Routledge,,2023-01-09T19:49:40Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.4324/9780429049682,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W564286855,14.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W564286855,2014.0,2023.0,2019.0,,-5.0 7571,‘The Russians are not coming’: Israel's intelligence failure and soviet military intervention in the ‘War of Attrition’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684520600568238,"This paper describes and analyzes Israel's intelligence failure to warn against Soviet intentions and preparations to intervene in the Egyptian–Israeli War of Attrition in 1969–1970. Drawing mostly on primary sources, the paper describes (1) how the thesis that the Soviets will avoid intervention in the Arab–Israeli conflict was born and became dominant; (2) the information that refuted this thesis, which had become available to Israel's intelligence community since summer 1969 (when the Soviet decision to intervene was made), and how it was ignored; (3) the political and military outcomes of this intelligence failure, and (4) its causes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PE4BMS8V,2006-02-01,"Dima Adamsky, Uri Bar-Joseph",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-09T19:50:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'D7XFV7JL', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684520600568238,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1977719138,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1977719138,2022.0,2024.0,2006.0,,16.0 7572,Intelligence Failure and the Need for Cognitive Closure: The Case of Yom Kippur,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203508640-14/intelligence-failure-need-cognitive-closure-case-yom-kippur-uri-bar-joseph,"On 5 October 1973, about 24 hours before the Yom Kippur War broke out, Israel’s Directorate of Military Intelligence (AMAN) distributed an immediate Military Intelligence Review. Titled ‘Alert Status and Activity in Syria and Egypt as of 051000 Oct. 73’, the document summarized a long list of warning indicators that should have led any experienced person to the conclusion that the two states had completed all the preparations for attack and were on the verge of launching it. Indeed, at this stage, five of out of the six senior analysts of Syrian and Egyptian affairs in AMAN’s Research Division estimated that war was either certain or highly likely.2 But none of AMAN’s political and military consumers was aware of it. For them, the consensus of Israel’s sole intelligence estimate3 was expressed in paragraph 40 of the document, which said:Although the mere taking of an emergency deployment at the Canal front implies, allegedly, warning indicators for an offensive initiative, to the best of our estimate no change took place in Egypt’s estimate of the balance of forces with the IDF. Therefore, the probability that they intend to resume fighting is low.4",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IWH83IGX,2004/08/02,Uri Bar-Joseph,Routledge,,2023-01-09T19:47:28Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.4324/9780203508640-14,Paradoxes of Strategic Intelligence,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4240933099,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4240933099,2025.0,2025.0,2004.0,,21.0 7573,Intelligence Operations in the Falklands,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431860,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GQCGX8EQ,1986,Lawrence Freedman,FCass,Intelligence and National Security,2020-07-20T19:57:25Z,"['9I86L884', '9YPHGMBS', 'CZT6L9T7']",https://doi.org/10.1080/02684528608431860,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1988674074,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1988674074,,,1986.0,, 7574,"Trust but verify: Satellite reconnaissance, secrecy and arms control during the Cold War",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01402390.2022.2161522,"During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union implemented multiple arms control treaties that depended on National Technical Means (NTM) for verification. Since NTM included covert sa...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GTJZ32WL,8 Jan 2023,Aaron Bateman,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2023-01-09T11:47:52Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'PBHFUE8W']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7575,IntelBrief: The Secrets Are Out In the Open,Blog post,https://thesoufancenter.org/intelbrief-2023-january-9/,"The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the U.S. foreign intelligence agency, has an unofficial motto and organizational ethos of “If it isn’t secret, it isn’t important.” This isn’t an ironclad rule — the CIA has long developed and refined its Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) capabilities — but it remains somewhat of a foundational principle. For decades, the […]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W6NUPA93,2023-01-09T08:01:43+00:00,The Soufan Center ,,,2023-01-09T11:38:49Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7576,The War in Iraq: An Intelligence Failure?,Journal article,https://www.inss.org.il/publication/the-war-in-iraq-an-intelligence-failure/,"Many months have passed since the conclusion of the war in Iraq, and despite intensive searching, no evidence of the existence of surface-to-surface missiles (SSM) or weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq, prohibited by resolutions of the UN, has been found. Likewise, no convincing evidence has been uncovered that projects to develop and produce such weapons were resumed after the suspension of UN inspections in 1998.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UREP9ZL8,November 2003,Shlomo Brom,,INSS,2023-01-09T07:27:40Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7577,Deception and intelligence failure: Anglo‐German preparations for U‐boat warfare in the 1930s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/01402399908437769,"This essay examines the key role played by intelligence and deception in the interactive process of British and German preparations in the 1930s for U‐boat warfare. It argues that the Royal Navy (RN) employed the general perception of ASDIC (sonar) as an ‘antidote’ to the submarine to mislead potential foes about the state of its anti‐submarine defences. This British campaign of deception had a discernible impact. Before the outbreak of World War II, the German Navy failed to discover the realities behind ASDIC's image, and this intelligence failure helped to shape U‐boat policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KEM42KPF,1999-12-01,Joseph A. Maiolo,Routledge,Journal of Strategic Studies,2023-01-09T07:24:40Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/01402399908437769,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2065222821,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2065222821,2020.0,2020.0,1999.0,,21.0 7578,"Comparing Pearl Harbor and ""9/11"": Intelligence Failure? American Unpreparedness? Military Responsibility?",Journal article,https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/29/article/44242,", Claims by some commentators that ""9/11"" was an intelligence failure like Pearl Harbor, that the United States was unprepared for ""9/11"" like she was for the Japanese attack on Hawaii, and that, like Pearl Harbor, the military was not ready to defend against al Qaeda's terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon are incorrect. On the contrary, an analysis of the two events reveals that they are more dissimilar than alike.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NIRC2QMK,2003,Frederic L. Borch,Society for Military History,The Journal of Military History,2023-01-09T07:23:48Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1353/jmh.2003.0201,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2022205075,16.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2022205075,2012.0,2025.0,2003.0,,9.0 7579,Israel's 1973 Intelligence Failure,Book chapter,https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203045107-2/israel-1973-intelligence-failure-uri-bar-joseph,"As long as logic, in Arab limitations, will remain dominant. … I think that in coming years the Arabs do not estimate that they can win a war against Israel.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PW4FDYS2,2013/01/11,Uri Bar-Joseph,Routledge,,2023-01-09T07:19:19Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.4324/9780203045107-2,Revisiting the Yom Kippur War,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7580,Fool Me Twice: Intelligence Failure and Mass Casualty Terrorism,Book,https://brill.com/display/title/14282,"""Fool Me Twice: Intelligence Failure and Mass Casualty Terrorism"" published on 22 May 2007 by Brill | Nijhoff.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3JCBJIC,2007-05-22,Thomas Copeland,Brill Nijhoff,,2023-01-08T15:28:46Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7581,The Cuban Missile Crisis as Intelligence Failure,Magazine article,https://www.proquest.com/openview/9195280bc2797ffbba516fea9efb4311/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=47546,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TRJIAS25,October 2012,Amy B. Zegart,,Policy Review,2023-01-08T00:51:09Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7582,The 1960 Coup in Turkey: A U.S. Intelligence Failure or a Successful Intervention?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1162/JCWS_a_00550,"Coups d’état were a relatively common means of regime change during the Cold War. From 1945 through 1985, 357 attempted coups d’état occurred in the Third World, and 183 succeeded. The high frequency of coups during this period is unsurprising, especially considering the advantageous position of the military during the rapid and destabilizing pace of modernization and decolonization in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Coups d’état were not exclusive to the Third World, however. They also occurred in members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Surprisingly, however, few scholars have explored why these extra-constitutional regime changes were tolerated, or how they were even possible, within NATO. This article attempts to answer these questions within the context of the 1960 coup in Turkey by closely evaluating the notion that the United States had no knowledge or warning that a coup was about to unfold.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R858ZW47,2015-04-01,Christopher Gunn,,Journal of Cold War Studies,2023-01-08T00:53:07Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.1162/JCWS_a_00550,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W416342806,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W416342806,2017.0,2024.0,2015.0,,2.0 7583,"'Who Profited from the Crime?' Intelligence Failure, Conspiracy Theories and the Case of September 11",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000302985,"The study of intelligence is often inward-looking. Scholars focus upon the means of gathering, evaluating, and distributing information with subsequent evaluation of its impact on decision making. Institution-based analysis ignores the role that the intelligence craft plays in the broader social and political context. This is apparent in the case of intelligence failures which reach beyond government to influence public opinion and ultimately the ability of authorities to mobilise support and govern. In the wake of failure, competing elites contest for power with conspiratorial interpretations of events that provide psychological comfort by offering explanations for events, targeting culprits, and fixing blame. This essay considers the intelligence failure of September 11, 2001, and outlines the conspiracy theories of left and right raised in its wake. Among those charged were the usual suspects - Zionists, the anti-Christ, advocates of a New World Order, and members of the military-industrial complex. In response, American government authorities validated their opponents' plot-making by defending themselves with their own cries of conspiracy. Heightened government secrecy, efforts to intensify surveillance, and the rhetoric of fear deepened the intrigue. In such a culture of conspiracy, charges of subversion bring only short-run gain. Public faith in institutions is eroded and paranoia becomes the conventional wisdom.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D34PLSZ6,2004-06-01,Robert Alan Goldberg,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-08T00:50:36Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'TLFN4NAL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/0268452042000302985,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2063605158,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063605158,2014.0,2024.0,2004.0,,10.0 7584,Two Faces of Intelligence Failure: September 11 and Iraq's Missing WMD,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/20202928,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Z4HJSIJW,2007,Richard K. Betts,"[Academy of Political Science, Wiley]",Political Science Quarterly,2023-01-07T11:30:41Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7585,Towards a New Theory of Intelligence Failure? The Impact of Cognitive Closure and Discourse Failure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2010.489274,"Oscar Wilde captures the deep challenges relating to intelligence when he states that, ‘it is the spectator, and not life, that art really mirrors’. This statement elucidates the negative force of cognitive closure on intelligence, as well as bringing attention to the importance of an understanding of the human factor in intelligence production, and its relationship to discourse failure. Intelligence literature after 9/11 has focused on the causes and nature of intelligence failure, though few inquests have conceived intelligence as a deeply cognitive, and therefore mental and moral landscape that needs to be explored in all its complexity. Intelligence operators, like art spectators, perceive reality filtered through all sorts of implicit and explicit ideological prisms, and these ideologies, whether they are political assumptions or social orthodoxies, manifest themselves as cognitive closure, and shape the discourse in intelligence organizations, as well as between these organizations and society at large. This paper consequently argues that discourse failure is increased because of a flaw in the epistemic process among intelligence operators and consumers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RKDHPZU7,2010-04-01,"Kjetil Anders Hatlebrekke, M. L.R. Smith",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-07T11:30:17Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/02684527.2010.489274,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013804530,19.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013804530,2013.0,2026.0,2010.0,,3.0 7586,Conscious Action and Intelligence Failure,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/25655697,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SPUDN4LR,2009,"Uri Bar-Joseph, Jack S. Levy","[The Academy of Political Science, Wiley]",Political Science Quarterly,2023-01-07T11:29:49Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7587,Intelligence culture and intelligence failure in Britain and the United States,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0955757042000298188,"This article argues for the value of a theory of ‘intelligence culture’ in understanding not only how national intelligence systems work but also how intelligence failures occur in those systems. A model of national intelligence cultures in the governments of the United Kingdom and United States of America is developed combining existing work on organisational culture in the two countries with the author's comparative analysis of different conceptions of intelligence culture in the two systems. This model is used to develop a failure mode analysis of the two systems, which is then tentatively assessed against representative examples from the two countries, culminating in application of the model to the failure of both intelligence systems to correctly estimate Iraqi weapons of mass destruction capabilities prior to March 2003.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X92Y6A8S,"October 1, 2004",Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Cambridge Review of International Affairs,2021-02-21T20:19:11Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'D7XFV7JL', 'HCN8YFI8', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.1080/0955757042000298188,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042578196,59.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042578196,2012.0,2026.0,2004.0,,8.0 7588,The Intelligence Failure of Pearl Harbor,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/20045008,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XSFFV8HP,1991,David Kahn,Council on Foreign Relations,Foreign Affairs,2023-01-07T11:23:30Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.2307/20045008,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2556779759,51.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2556779759,2012.0,2026.0,1991.0,,21.0 7589,Intelligence Failure Reframed,Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/20203011,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U9AK3L2W,2008,John A. Gentry,"[Academy of Political Science, Wiley]",Political Science Quarterly,2023-01-07T11:22:28Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7590,The Women Behind the Few: The Women’s Auxiliary Air Force and British Intelligence during the Second World War,Book,https://www.bitebackpublishing.com/books/the-women-behind-the-few,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RYWM8TQQ,09 March 2023,Sarah-Louise Miller,Biteback Publishing,,2023-01-06T15:37:15Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7591,Secret Alliances: Special Operations and Intelligence in Norway 1940–1945,Book,https://www.bitebackpublishing.com/books/secret-alliances,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K5Z75LLT,12 November 2019,Tony Insall,Biteback Publishing,,2023-01-05T14:48:21Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7592,‘What goes on behind the cloaks and daggers’: George Markstein and the dramatization of counterintelligence on British television,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2159659,"This article explores methods and approaches by which scholars can examine the representation of intelligence agencies in television drama, arguing that television can be productively separated from literature and film by virtue of its mass audience, its institutional character, and the form of the episodic series, which typically causes its narratives to hew towards the conservative and affirmative. This will be explored through and complicated by a case study of the career of television writer George Markstein and three series which he played a key role in creating and overseeing: The Prisoner, Special Branch and Mr Palfrey of Westminster.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MBE4QJ4W,2023-01-04,Joseph Oldham,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2023-01-05T14:47:34Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2159659,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4313487369,0.0,False,,,,2023.0,, 7593,National Intelligence Systems: Current Research and Future Prospects,Book,https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/national-intelligence-systems/03DC746FC64E890311EEDEA2E3963426,"A series of investigations, especially in Great Britain and the United States, have focused attention on the performance of national intelligence services. At the same time, terrorism and a broad span of trans-national security challenges has highlighted the crucial role of intelligence. This book takes stock of the underlying intellectual sub-structure of intelligence. For intelligence, as for other areas of policy, serious intellectual inquiry is the basis for improving the performance of real-world institutions. The volume explores intelligence from an intellectual perspective, not an organizational one. Instead the book identifies themes that run through these applications, such as the lack of comprehensive theories, the unclear relations between providers and users of intelligence, and the predominance of bureaucratic organizations driven by collection. A key element is the development, or rather non-development, of intelligence toward an established set of methods and standards and, above all, an ongoing scientific discourse.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SJCHVKZ2,2009,"Gregory F. Treverton, Wilhelm Agrell",Cambridge University Press,,2023-01-04T22:49:14Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1017/CBO9781139174541,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1560931232,19.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1560931232,2012.0,2024.0,2009.0,,3.0 7594,Securing the State,Book,https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/securing-the-state/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D98LM2X8,2010,David Omand,Oxford University Press,,2020-06-05T10:17:21Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7595,The autocrat’s intelligence paradox: Vladimir Putin’s (mis)management of Russian strategic assessment in the Ukraine War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481221146113,"Autocratic leaders rely on intelligence machineries for regime and personal security. They often manage large, powerful, unaccountable organisations, which they hold close. But, despite their close relationship with - and reliance upon - intelligence, autocrats also frequently struggle to use it to enhance decision-making and foreign policy, and consequently suffer avoidable intelligence failures. This article argues that Russia?s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 is illustrative of this broader, though understudied, pattern of autocratic mismanagement of strategic intelligence. The invasion was both spurred and accompanied by a catastrophic intelligence failure, the responsibility for which rests with Vladimir Putin, the arbiter of a system with limited capacity to offer dispassionate strategic assessments. His failure is characteristic of autocratic regimes assessing foreign developments, including Putin?s Soviet predecessors. This article contributes to the emerging scholarship on intelligence in autocratic regimes by examining Putin?s use of intelligence in the Ukraine War in the context of the broader literature on intelligence and decision.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/92TAMAKQ,2022-12-29,"Huw Dylan, David V. Gioe, Elena Grossfeld",SAGE Publications,The British Journal of Politics and International Relations,2023-01-03T23:32:30Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'Y959U28A']",10.1177/13691481221146113,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4313331246,19.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4313331246,2024.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481221146113,2.0 7596,Spies in the Empire: Victorian Military Intelligence,Book,https://anthempress.com/spies-in-the-empire-pb,"Stephen Wade’s enthralling book reveals the unsteady foundations of one of the country’s most prominent and renowned organizations, tracing the various elements that gradually composed the intelligence and political branches of Britain’s Secret Service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XN7UJCSW,July 2007,Stephen Wade,Anthem Press,,2023-01-03T13:51:32Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7597,The Red Army’s Plans in Documents of German Intelligence Agencies Prior to Operation Citadel,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331622140131,"Previously unstudied documents of the Wehrmacht for 1943 are examined. The documents, kept in the Federal Archives of Germany, are used to analyze the activities of Foreign Armies East, an intelligence branch of the German army’s General Staff, in processing intelligence information from special services and preparing reports for the Supreme Command and personally for Adolf Hitler during the conceptual development and planning of Operation Citadel, the key operation in the summer campaign of 1943.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5KA69YV3,2022-12-01,V. N. Zamulin,,Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences,2023-01-03T08:40:26Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1134/S1019331622140131,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4313417529,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S1019331622140131.pdf, 7598,Open-source intelligence in Ukraine: Asset or liability?,Blog post,https://www.chathamhouse.org/2022/12/open-source-intelligence-ukraine-asset-or-liability,"The capabilities of open-source intelligence on the Ukrainian battlefront must be weighed against civilian risk, competence and the pitfalls of increased visibility.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CAYDQIGN,2022-12-16T12:00:00+0000,Magdalene Karalis,,,2023-01-02T09:31:47Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7599,Signals of war: the Falklands conflict of 1982,Book,https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691636160/signals-of-war,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7HIH7PUZ,1991,"Lawrence Freedman, Virginia Gamba-Stonehouse, Lawrence Freedman former owner",Princeton University Press,,2020-07-20T20:07:16Z,"['9I86L884', '9YPHGMBS', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7600,Ethics and Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.2307/20039997,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MEPWZIIY,1978,"E. Drexel Godfrey, Arthur L. Jacobs",Council on Foreign Relations,Foreign Affairs,2020-07-21T21:39:46Z,['DVEM4H4W'],https://doi.org/10.2307/20039997,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4244552685,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4244552685,2016.0,2024.0,1978.0,,38.0 7601,What's the harm?: the ethics of intelligence collection,Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/2160/8a508bc4-cc47-4910-939c-7affed650bb6,"As the professional practice of intelligence collection adapts to the changing environment of the twenty-first century, many academic experts and intelligence professionals have called for a coherent ethical framework that outlines exactly when, by what means and to what ends intelligence is justified. Recent controversies, including reports of abuse at Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib, allegations of extraordinary rendition programmes and the ever-increasing pervasiveness of the 'surveillance state', have all raised concerns regarding the role of intelligence in society. As a result, there is increased debate regarding the question of whether or not intelligence collection can be carried out ethically. This thesis will tackle this question by creating an ethical framework specifically designed for intelligence that is capable of outlining under what circumstances, if any, different intelligence collection activities are ethically permissible. This thesis argues that there is a tension presented by intelligence collection between the damage that it can cause and the important, ethical role it can play in the political community. In order to deal with this tension the ethical framework proposed in this thesis is comprised of two parts. The first part is designed to recognise those features of intelligence that might be considered ethically unacceptable by highlighting the 'harm' it can cause. Once the harm is understood, the second part of the ethical framework establishes a set of Just Intelligence Principles that can outline if and when the harms caused are justified. These Just Intelligence Principles are developed by drawing upon the just war tradition and its criteria of just cause, legitimate authority, right intention, last resort, proportionality and discrimination. By placing the harm that intelligence can cause into context with the Just Intelligence Principles it is possible to limit the use of intelligence while recognising the important role it plays in protecting the political community. Once the ethical framework has been established in Chapter One it is then applied to a range of intelligence collection activities in Chapters Two, Three, Four and Five. This thesis will examine three of the most prominent collection disciplines in the field of intelligence studies: imagery intelligence, signals intelligence and human intelligence. By applying the ethical framework established in the beginning of the thesis to these three important intelligence collection disciplines, it is possible to better understand the ethical framework. The main argument of this thesis will be that the most appropriate ethical framework for intelligence collection is one which is able to recognise that intelligence collection does indeed cause harm, but that sometimes this harm is necessary in order to protect the political community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N99UTW4A,2011,Ross Bellaby,,,2022-12-30T13:39:56Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,PhD Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 7602,Fixing the Facts: National Security and the Politics of Intelligence,Book,https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501700736/fixing-the-facts/,Rovner explores the complex interaction between intelligence and policy and shines a spotlight on the problem of politicization.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CYPNZ346,09/03/2015,Joshua Rovner,Cornell University Press,,2022-12-29T09:24:08Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'D67KFVND', 'D7XFV7JL', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7603,Ukraine was sea-change for openness – GCHQ head,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-64111622,Sir Jeremy Fleming interviews head of US intelligence agency as guest editor of Radio 4's Today programme.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQTLWLJS,2022-12-29,Gordon Corera,,BBC News,2022-12-29T09:21:11Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7604,Espionage by Europeans 2010–2021: A Preliminary Review of Court Cases,Report,https://www.foi.se/en/foi/news-and-pressroom/news/2022-05-16-threat-of-spies-is-increasing-in-europe.html,A series of high-profile cases that have recently led to arrests and convictions shows that the threat posed by spies seems to have increased in Europe over the past decade.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/64SSNU3D,May 2022,"Michael Jonsson, Jakob Gustafsson",,,2022-12-29T09:10:33Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7605,Was the Prosper French resistance circuit betrayed by the British in 1943?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2159115,"SOE’s resistance circuit Prosper was destroyed suddenly and rapidly. In the absence of any information as to the causes of this collapse, conspiracy theories developed suggesting that the British had somehow deliberately sacrificed the circuit as part of a deception plan. Newly released information enables the sequence of events that led up to this disaster to be set out in detail, making it clear that the circuit was not, and could not have been, betrayed as part of a deception plan nor could anyone in Britain have played any part in the speed with which the circuit was rounded up.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RYY2ASEL,2022-12-27,Francis J Suttill,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-28T15:45:20Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2159115,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4313251658,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7606,Spying and the Crown: The Secret Relationship Between British Intelligence and the Royals,Book,https://atlantic-books.co.uk/book/spying-and-the-crown/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G567UVCC,2021,"Richard J. Aldrich, Rory Cormac",Atlantic Books,,2022-01-10T13:05:50Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CZT6L9T7', 'DS3WDJUS', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7607,"U.S. Intelligence and the origins of the Vietnam War, 1962-1965",Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5511,"Analysing documents produced by the CIA, the State Department and the Pentagon, the thesis examines the role of intelligence assessment in U.S. Vietnam policy during the period between December 1961 and February 1965. It investigates intelligence on the counterinsurgency in South Vietnam, on the intentions and capabilities of North Vietnam, and on the probable consequences of policy options. The first half of the thesis examines the Vietnam intelligence during the Kennedy administration, following the rise of optimism in 1962 and the intelligence dispute in 1963. The second half of the study explores intelligence developments from the fall of the Diem regime in November 1963 to President Johnson’s decision to take military action against North Vietnam in February 1965. The study suggests that intelligence deficiencies played a significant role in both the failure of counterinsurgency in the first half of the 1960s and in the decision for direct military intervention in 1965. The thesis also demonstrates that, rather than simply being a result of technical weaknesses, the lack of robust intelligence reflected wider problems of Vietnam policy, including political pressures, ideological contexts and the absence of strategic consensus.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3XACQT68,2011,Yukiko Ochiai,,,2022-12-28T12:43:43Z,"['BHVIFBRH', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Edinburgh,,,,,,,,, 7608,The development of military intelligence in the career of the prophet at Medina,Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18644,Philosophy,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CI8PFV2Y,1983,Mohammad Suleman,,,2022-12-28T12:42:25Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Edinburgh,,,,,,,,, 7609,Military intelligence operations during the first English Civil War 1642-1646,Thesis,https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361576/,D204 Modern History ; DA Great Britain ; U Military Science (General),https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZCR6H5HN,2010,John Edward Kirkham Ellis,,,2022-12-28T12:41:37Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Southampton,,,,,,,,, 7610,"Sir Robert Cecil and Elizabethan Intelligencing, 1590-1603",Thesis,http://oro.open.ac.uk/78595/,"Much scholarly attention has been given to the development of Sir Francis Walsingham’s intelligence-gathering network and how it played an important role in Elizabethan foreign and domestic politics during the 1580s, but little has been attempted for the 1590s. This thesis will argue that the practices and methods that Walsingham laid down did not completely dissipate after his death but in fact continued to be adhered to, most notably in the person of Sir Robert Cecil. It was Cecil who, more than any other Elizabethan in high authority, looked to create his own intelligence-gathering network as he foresaw the benefits of doing so. However, this transition was by no means straightforward, and in fact it can be seen as disjointed. The thesis will also show that the rise of Cecil’s intelligence-gathering network became intertwined with the rise of his political career. It was not until he became principal secretary in July 1596 that the creation of his own network could really proceed apace. The make-up and construction of his intelligence-gathering network will be discussed, as will the backgrounds of the people who worked for Cecil: his secretaries, his agents and message carriers. In sum, it will be shown that Sir Robert Cecil created by 1603 an effective intelligence-gathering network that was put to good use in the final years of Elizabeth’s reign and continued into that of James I.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/24GQT9TL,2021-08-04,Christopher Mains,,,2022-12-28T12:32:53Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,PhD Thesis,The Open University,,,,,,,,, 7611,Intelligence and British decolonisation: the development of an imperial intelligence system in the late colonial period 1944-1966,Thesis,http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/intelligence-and-british-decolonisation(373fddc0-f05e-4b91-8306-90171fec3288).html,"This thesis seeks to explain the development of an ‘imperial intelligence system’ connecting Whitehall and the colonies. The system had two roles; to collect information and process it into intelligence for policy and decision making and to provide machinery to coordinate and implement covert action in support of policy. The ‘system’ consisted of parallel information channels; interconnected, coordinated, and directed by committees at various levels. Analysis was mainly conducted in Whitehall departments. The system reflected the split between ‘security’ and ‘foreign’ intelligence and the ‘information gathering’ and ‘covert action’ roles in the British machinery. The system paralleled the British professional intelligence machinery headed by the JIC and this division prevented information from being fully integrated with other consumers in Whitehall. The system was shaped by four major factors: threats; experience; the nature of the administrative system; and the development of professional agenda in both the administration and security organisation (the Security Service and Colonial Police Service) which dictated the points of reform and development over time. Before the Second World War information gathered by ‘police’ and ‘administrators’ was used to manage a colony’s internal politics. The end of ‘colonial isolation’ during the 1930s and 1940s meant colonial problems affected the British state’s international prestige and later its ability to fight the Cold War. To counter this, Whitehall departments sought information to increase their control over colonial affairs, despite the opposition of the Colonial Office which was used to a degree of autonomy. The Colonial Office was more closely coordinated into Whitehall. Colonial and metropolitan intelligence systems were connected and common practices and product formats adopted. Whitehall tried to use ‘counter subversion’ to shape colonial politics. Security intelligence became increasingly important in the last stages of decolonization because, it was the last source of information handed over and consequently it shaped Whitehall’s reactions to events. The machinery also assisted the British to maintain their influence in new states after independence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GI8USFKS,2015,Gregor Davey,,,2022-12-28T12:31:09Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 7612,"Information, frontiers and barbarians: the role of strategic intelligence in the relations of the late Roman Empire with Persia and northern peoples",Thesis,https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.19021,"Strategic intelligence - that is, information about the activities and affairs of potential enemies relevant to a state's strategic concerns - is an important factor in the foreign relations of any state. This thesis investigates the role of strategic intelligence throughout Roman relations with Sasanian Persia (early 3rd to early 7th century A.D.) and in the empire's relations with northern peoples beyond the Danube, Rhine, and Hadrian's Wall while these remained imperial frontiers during the same period. Two broad questions are addressed. The first concerns the extent to which strategic intelligence moved between the empire and these neighbouring peoples, and its consequent role in their relations. The second concerns the means by which this information moved. Chapters 1 and 4 consider the first question for relations with Persia and with northern peoples respectively. The first chapter argues that strategic intelligence moved between the Roman and Persian empires with a high degree of regularity: neither could mount a major invasion without the other having some foreknowledge, and both frequently undertook aggressive action so as to exploit knowledge of the other's disadvantages. It is therefore argued that strategic intelligence had an important role in determining the pattern of aggression in Roman-Persian relations, but also in limiting the overall level of warfare between them across four centuries. Chapter 4 concludes that while strategic intelligence also traversed the northern frontier, it did so with less regularity than in the east, with the result that relations in the north were less stable. Chapters 2 and 3 consider how strategic intelligence moved between the Roman and Persian empires. Attention is given to the use of embassies and spies in the gathering of intelligence about military preparations and other indicators, but it is argued that such information also made its way informally between the empires as part of the intensive cross-frontier interchange which characterised northern Mesopotamia. Chapter 5 argues that such interchange was less frequent across the northern frontier, and that the more limited degree of state formation among northern peoples (compared with Persia) meant that information gathering through spies and embassies was also less effective. The Conclusion draws together the results of this comparison of east and north, and reflects on the implications of the argument for the debate about continuity of the empire in the east and its demise in the west.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VIEGECKY,1987,A. D. Lee,,,2022-12-28T12:29:55Z,['DS3WDJUS'],10.17863/CAM.19021,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,https://openalex.org/W3029286679,0.0,True,,,,1987.0,http://hdl.handle.net/10068/498240, 7613,Israel and Africa : military and intelligence liaisons,Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252040,"For more than three decades, from the mid 1950s to the late 1980s, Israel’s activity in Africa was central to the former’s strategic, security, and foreign polices. Israel was a young, poor, small, and inexperienced country in those years, but it was able to use its advantages to become a major player on the great African continent. Because of a convergence of both Israeli and African interests, the essence of these bilateral relations was covert and focused mainly on the security and intelligence spheres. Israel’s military and intelligence activity in Africa is a remarkable story of a small country’s ability to build on its advantages and reap the benefits. A thorough examination of this important subject has never been conducted before. This research intends to fill the gap. Israel’s African initiative placed it on the front lines of the cold war struggle over the destiny of the continent. At certain times and in particular regions, Israel was almost as involved as either of the superpowers – and sometimes even more so – and it played a decisive role in influencing domestic developments in some countries and in bilateral African relations. Also, Africa’s indisputable value as an intelligence arena gave birth to a manifold of intelligence work carried out there by Mossad. The dissertation makes use of massive documentation, which has never before been published, including inner correspondence of Israeli Intelligence, Military and Diplomatic corps, and many interviews with key officials. The research leads to the conclusion that the intricate history of Israeli involvement in Africa reflects the transformations within Israel’s diplomatic, defence and intelligence decision-making processes. This is true not only in the confinements of the African arena, but also in a broader, world-wide perspective. In other words, the processes of historical transformations within Israel are reflected in the micro-level of Israel’s presence in Africa.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E3EDFLC4,2007,Ronen Bergman,,,2022-12-28T12:26:31Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10/252040,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7614,"Admiralty war planning, armaments diplomacy, and intelligence perceptions of German seapower and their influence on British foreign and defence policy, 1933-1939.",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=19&uin=uk.bl.ethos.336466,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/463ASXD2,1996,Joseph Anthony Maiolo,,,2022-12-28T12:24:58Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,PhD Thesis,London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London),,,,,,,,, 7615,External intelligence assistance and the recipient government’s violence against civilians,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942221129047,"During a civil war, does external intelligence assistance reduce violence perpetrated by the recipient government against civilians? I contend that intelligence assistance reduces violence against civilians by facilitating identification problems and adopting a ?winning-hearts-and-minds strategy,? which enhances the recipient government's legitimacy and intelligence potential. Enhanced intelligence capability solves the recipient government's identification problems. I examined this logic using a dataset on external support and one-sided violence between 1990 and 2008. The empirical findings show that external intelligence assistance reduces the recipient government's violence against civilians.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NKPJDHFL,2022-10-03,Wakako Maekawa,SAGE Publications Ltd,Conflict Management and Peace Science,2022-12-28T09:24:23Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1177/07388942221129047,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4300426765,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4300426765,2024.0,2026.0,2022.0,,2.0 7616,"French military intelligence and Nazi Germany, 1936-1939",Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273043,"This thesis was digitised by the British Library from microfilm. You can acquire a single copy of this thesis for research purposes by clicking on the padlock icon on the thesis file. Please be aware that the text in the supplied thesis pdf file may not be as clear as text in a thesis that was born digital or digitised directly from paper due to the conversion in format. However, all of the theses in Apollo that were digitised from microfilm are readable and have been processed by optical character recognition (OCR) technology which means the reader can search and find text within the document. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: thesis@repository.cam.ac.uk",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G4CW37QQ,1995-01-01,Peter Darron Jackson,,,2022-12-27T23:44:46Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.17863/CAM.20052,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,https://openalex.org/W2946178303,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2946178303,,,1995.0,https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.20052, 7617,"The Anglo-American special intelligence relationship: wartime causes and Cold War consequences, 1940-63",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=4&uin=uk.bl.ethos.708484,Intelligence service--Great Britain--History--20th century ; Intelligence service--United States--History--20th century ; Great Britain--Foreign relations--United States ; United States--Foreign relations--Great Britain,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6ESZBSKZ,2015,David Vincent Gioe,,,2022-12-27T23:44:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7618,Anglo-American political and intelligence assessments of Egypt and the Middle East from 1957-1977,Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=3&uin=uk.bl.ethos.608033,United States--Foreign relations--Middle East ; Great Britain--Foreign relations--Middle East ; Intelligence service--United States--History--20th century ; Intelligence service--Great Britain--History--20th century,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ASZCZFKJ,2013,Dina Rezk,,,2022-12-27T23:43:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7619,The SAVAK and the Cold War: counter-intelligence and foreign intelligence (1957-1968),Thesis,http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:138424,"This research investigates Iran’s geopolitical importance in the context of the Cold War in the years 1957-1968 that made it a key target for Soviet intelligence and a crucial intelligence battleground with all states that held an interest in Iran. For Iran and the non-Soviet Bloc powers, Iran’s newly established intelligence and national security organisation (SAVAK) had become an entity whose counter-intelligence capabilities were crucial in curtailing the activities of Soviet and Soviet-aligned intelligence officers within Iran. The intelligence agencies of the Soviet Union, the KGB and GRU, were highly active within Iran in both seeking to gather intelligence and to undermine the Pahlavi regime and it was left to the SAVAK’s counter-intelligence directorate to pursue the difficult task of combating these efforts. This Cold War battle extended to Iraq where Iraqi governments were viewed by the SAVAK as being proxies for Soviet interests. As a result of such concerns the SAVAK’s foreign intelligence structure sought not only to gather intelligence but also to directly influence events within Iraq. Iran's counter-intelligence and foreign-intelligence structures therefore played a critical national security role during the Cold War years 1957-1968. This research will firstly explore how the SAVAK’s foreign intelligence activities ultimately led to the establishment and expansion of Iranian intelligence collection and analysis capabilities in its regional sphere of interest. Intelligence theory is also used to examine the SAVAK's counter-intelligence and foreign intelligence structures and operations during the stated period of investigation, together with the influence of Cold War thinking on its activities. The main strands of inquiry in this research will at the outset involve the question of why Iran felt it necessary to establish professional foreign intelligence and counter-intelligence capabilities. The structure and operational methods of these capabilities will then be examined along with the reasons for why the USSR and Iraq were targeted by Iranian foreign intelligence and counter-intelligence. The important relationship between intelligence and policy formulation and execution will also be analysed in this specific period of the Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E7F93XM5,2011,Kaveh Kaveh Moravej,,,2022-12-27T23:43:10Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Manchester,,,,,,,,, 7620,"Britain in Europe, Europe in Britain: the field of anti-terrorism intelligence cooperation",Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/britain-in-europe-europe-in-britain-the-field-of-antiterrorism-intelligence-cooperation(6cacaea5-d79f-46c9-a816-c404eded920e).html,"This thesis investigates the transnationalisation of British intelligence, in the context of intelligence cooperation with European partners in anti-terrorism matters. This inquiry puts forward the idea of a 'Europe of anti-terror intelligence cooperation' to challenge false beliefs and, in particular, two dominant representations of intelligence relationships. Despite the British opt-out from Justice and Home Affairs and ‘Brexit’, it disputes not only the assumption whereby Britain has an ambivalent position towards the European Union as a result of its ‘special relationship’ with the United States but it also debunks the myth of the unbreakable allegiance of British services to the American 'friend'. By contrast, it shows that alliances with European services have long been in development and have formed, over time, a space of relationships which is structured around specific stakes and modalities of action. The contribution of sociology, notably through Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts, is crucial since it breaks with the dominance of rational choice theory and functionalist approaches and puts the role of social actors and their daily 'ways of doing things’ at the core of the inquiry. It is, therefore, by carrying out an ontological and an epistemological rupture with previous studies that this project can shed light on the ‘Europeanness’ of British services.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RNYSIR7A,2018,Hager Ben Jaffel,,,2022-12-27T23:41:59Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 7621,R.V. Jones and the birth of scientific intelligence,Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/10871/10661,"The history of scientific intelligence – its birth, its importance during the Second World War, and its unique wartime qualities – has relied almost entirely on the memories of its pioneer, R. V. Jones. This thesis constitutes a critique of this history; through scrutiny of Jones’s post-war literature (especially his war memoirs entitled Most Secret War), his archival papers and those of his colleagues and contemporaries, and other mediums he used to promote his account of scientific intelligence. This thesis examines chronologically all of the key events Jones became famous for – the Battle of the Beams, the Bruneval Raid, the Radio War, the Battle of the V-Weapons – and compares Jones’s account of these (and many other) events with contemporary documentation. This thesis provides a rich understanding of the internal machinations within the British wartime air scientific intelligence organisation defined as ADI (Science), and their relationships with the many other political, military and intelligence sections that pursued similar and often closely-linked quests. This thesis importantly connects science and technology with the collection and collation of intelligence, is an analysis of wartime intelligence of a scientific and technical nature, and argues that scientific intelligence was much more than one man’s accomplishments, involved many more individuals and organisations than is perceived, and is much more important to twentieth century history than has been permitted.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2IQ6T78H,2013,James Martinson Goodchild,,,2022-12-27T23:41:09Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Exeter,,,,,,,,, 7622,"Climbing the learning curve: British intelligence on Japanese strategy and military capabilities during the Second World War in Asia and the Pacific, July 1937 to August 1945",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=62&uin=uk.bl.ethos.271311,"The evolution of British assessments regarding the threat posed by japan's strategy and military capabilities during the Pacific War is a subject that has been neglected. Using archival material that has been previously unused, this thesis will examine the manner in which intelligence influenced the British military establishment's perception of its Japanese adversary. Moreover, it will attempt to determine the effect that intelligence had on British war plans in the Far Eastern theaters. Using the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese conflict in July 1937 as the starting point, the thesis will illustrate the extent to which Britain's miscalculation of its adversary prior to Japan's declaration of war on the West in December 1941 was due to the absence of reliable intelligence. In addition to the obstacles created by the secretive manner in which Japan conducted its diplomacy and strategic planning, Britain's lack of first-hand experience in dealing with its adversary prevented its military establishment from grasping the dangers that could be posed by japan's expansionist moves. The shock created by Japan's spectacular victories in Southeast Asia following the outbreak of war in December 1941 was necessary to convince Britain that Japan was in fact both willing and capable of challenging the West. Furthermore, Britain's reverses brought home the extent to which its forces in the Far East were inadequate. As the conflict progressed, the British military establishment used the intelligence obtained through its encounters with Japan's armed forces in order to obtain an accurate picture the threat that its enemy could pose, as well as to determine the most effective means by which the challenges could be overcome. The thesis will therefore attempt to shed new light on Britain's conduct of its war against Japan by illustrating the extent to which first-hand combat experience was necessary in order to enable the military establishment to accurately assess its enemy, and to devise an effective strategy by which to defeat it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PN6S9HFX,2002,Douglas Eric Ford,,,2022-12-27T23:40:32Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London),,,,,,,,, 7623,"‘In real life, you don’t touch the trigger until you plan on squeezing’: what actual spies think of TV thrillers",Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/dec/24/tv-thrillers-real-spies-slow-horses-a-spy-among-friends,"Too much sex and gunfights, far too little paperwork … espionage shows aren’t exactly a masterclass in realism. Ex-agents reveal what they get right and wrong",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/93IFARDT,2022-12-24T13:00:35.000Z,Andy Meek,,The Guardian,2022-12-27T23:39:17Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7624,"Foreign Intelligence and Information in Elizabethan England: Two English Treatises on the State of France, 1580–1584",Book,https://www.cambridge.org/jp/academic/subjects/history/british-history-general-interest/foreign-intelligence-and-information-elizabethan-england-two-english-treatises-state-france-15801584-volume-25,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B4TBF4UF,March 2005,David Potter,Cambridge University Press,,2022-12-27T23:35:07Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7625,"The secret war in the south: the covert center in Algiers and British and American intelligence in the western Mediterranean, 1941-1944",Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/1842/34304,"A dissertation concerning the secret British-American intelligence hub that developed in Algiers during the Second World War, and its subsidiary clandestine networks in Italy, southern France and Spain. From 1941, when the first US intelligence agents arrived in the area, until late 1944, when the Anglo-American covert contingent largely departed to follow the Allied armies on their advance into the Axis heartland, the city served as a regional headquarters in the secret war against fascism. Utilising a comparative approach, this dissertation analyzes the three main geographical areas covered by the Algiers-based secret networks. New archival research and oral testimony is used to illuminate important topics in the field: particularly the history of wartime intelligence in Italy. The discrepancy between the disappointing Anglo-American clandestine campaign in Italy, and the more successful experience in France, is probed. Drawing on these investigations, and ongoing trends in the historiography of intelligence, it comes to the following conclusions on the nature of the secret war. First, the universal application of special operations, regardless of political or military conditions in the target country was ill-judged. Second, the British and American intelligence agencies were engaged in a constant struggle for authority and leadership. A cooperative approach was usually favoured by the stronger power; the weaker party viewed ‘cooperation’ as a euphemism for subordination. Finally, Allied policymakers sometimes ignored or misinterpreted intelligence that did not fit their political priorities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AFFY2MQL,2005,T. C. Wales,,,2022-12-27T23:28:45Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Edinburgh,,,,,,,,, 7626,"The FRPS Baltic States Section: British Overt Intelligence from the Baltic States during the Second World War and its effect on British Policy towards the Soviet Union, 1941-1945",Thesis,https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/48773/,"The prologue introduces the reader to Anglo-Soviet relations prior to the Second World War; this is followed by part one of the study which highlights the restrictions that were placed on SIS and SOE which effectively excluded them from operations in the Baltic states. Part two of the thesis examines how this exclusion elevated the role of overt intelligence as a substitute form of intelligence; ‘the power of the press’ in this context is a very apt term. The enemy and neutral press were acquired, analysed and any relevant intelligence gained was quickly distributed around the various government departments by the FRPS. The key role the FO played in requesting, prioritising, and utilising the information provided by the FRPS Baltic States Section and the FRPS Russian Research Section is also examined. Part two of thesis concludes with a study of the fruits of the FRPS Russian Research Section’s labours and how its work influenced British post-war policy towards the Soviet Union. Finally part three examines the content of this overt intelligence in two case studies concerning German Economic Policy and Population Policy. Britain’s wartime policy towards the Soviet Union is then described in order to set the work of the FRPS in context. The thesis is not an attempt to complete a top-to-bottom study of the German occupation of the Baltic states, but rather to present the contemporary British perspective on this occupation, a perspective which was derived almost entirely from overt intelligence. How worthwhile this form of intelligence was and how far it helped to formulate wartime and post-war policy are the central questions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZ6BDXSG,2014-05,Benjamin Wheatley,,,2022-12-27T23:27:58Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,University of East Anglia,,,,,,,,, 7627,"British and American intelligence and anti-communist propaganda in early Cold War Southeast Asia, 1948-1961",Thesis,https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.31347,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BYNV9ZM5,2016,Thomas Joseph Maguire,,,2022-12-27T23:27:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.17863/CAM.31347,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,https://openalex.org/W2896536644,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2896536644,2019.0,2019.0,2016.0,https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.31347,3.0 7628,"The clandestine struggle for the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East: Italian subversion, Arab nationalism and British counter-intelligence, 1935-1940.",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=49&uin=uk.bl.ethos.366449,Fascist Italy; Propaganda,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YJSS9U8M,2001,Manuela Maglio,,,2022-12-27T23:26:51Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Nottingham,,,,,,,,, 7629,"British intelligence and threats to national security, c.1941-1951",Thesis,https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.16004,"This dissertation studies the way that Britain's intelligence services changed priorities from the Second World War to the early Cold War. It stretches from the point when the Soviet Union entered the Second World War as Britain's ally in 1941, to the moment a decade later in 1951, when the Cold War had set in and Moscow was the bitter enemy of the west. Using recently declassified Security Service (MIS) records, it examines how Britain's intelligence services met the massive transition from World War to Cold War. It reveals a variety of subjects previously undocumented in the secondary historical literature, such as MIS's concerns after the Second World War with terrorism emanating from the Middle East. The dissertation is an attempt to rescue intelligence from historical obscurity and place it in its justified position: as a central component in the process of political decision-making in Britain. As well as offering new historical insights, it provides useful lessons for governments and intelligence agencies at the start of the twenty-first century. The dissertation shows that many of the issues facing intelligence agencies at the start of the twenty-first century were, in fact, faced by the British intelligence community half a century ago.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VJA6GPE2,2007,James Calder Walton,,,2022-12-27T23:24:35Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.17863/CAM.16004,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,https://openalex.org/W1786702060,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1786702060,2013.0,2022.0,2007.0,https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.16004,6.0 7630,'Our Achilles' heel': interagency intelligence during the Malayan emergency,Thesis,http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12842,"The Malayan Emergency is often considered the defining paradigm for a successful counter-insurgency campaign. The effective collection and management of intelligence by Special Branch dominates this paradigm. However, the intelligence architecture during Emergency was much more complicated than the simple Special Branch-Army nexus upon which existing studies focus. Other components of the intelligence included the Malayan Security Service (MSS), Security Intelligence Far East (SIFE), the Joint Intelligence Committee / Far East (JIC/FE), the Royal Air Force (RAF), the Army, and the mainstream police. Each component adapted to the challenge of insurgency in different ways – the civilian elements faring far worse than the military. Britain struggled to adapt to the post-war intelligence challenges in the Far East. Key intelligence components and capabilities were constituted in haste with overlapping and ambiguous remits. Consequently, there was bitter infighting at a number of levels, particularly between the various civilian intelligence agencies. In contrast, the Army and RAF demonstrated an instinctive ability to work in a ‘joint’ environment from the very beginning of the Emergency. In particular, the RAF took a leading role in creating a joint theatre-level intelligence apparatus which included establishment of a Joint Operations Room in Kuala Lumpur and the Joint Intelligence Photographic Intelligence Committee / Far East. However, the military were unable to provide the comprehensive human intelligence or strategic leadership necessary to make the broader apparatus effective. This could only come once the apparatus led by the civil agencies – chiefly the uniformed police as well as Special Branch – had learnt to adapt to the demands of waging a counter-insurgency campaign. Given that the British intelligence organisations had learnt to function in a joint manner during the Second World War, it is remarkable how much had apparently been forgotten in the three years preceding the outbreak of the Communist 1 AIR 20/7777, Report on the Emergency in Malaya, from April 1950 to November 1951, by Sir Harold Briggs. insurgency in Malaya and how long it took to create an effective method of coordinating intelligence during subsequent Emergency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6MDMCWFP,2016,Roger Christopher Arditti,,,2022-12-27T23:24:04Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,Brunel University London,,,,,,,,, 7631,"British intelligence, counter-subversion, and ""informal empire"" in the Middle East, 1949-63",Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/2160/65069b9e-057a-434b-b7fb-f7253d3d0748,"This thesis is a history of a hitherto unexplored dimension of Britain’s engagement with the post-war Middle East with a particular focus on intelligence and security aspects. More specifically, it examines the counter-subversive policies and measures conducted by the British Intelligence and Security Services, and Britain’s secret propaganda apparatus, the Information Research Department (IRD) of the Foreign Office, in Middle Eastern countries, such as Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, and Iran, during the period between 1949 and 1963. This thesis is also about intelligence liaison – the relationship between British Intelligence and Security Services and their Middle Eastern counterparts. This thesis argues that the British Empire declined between 1949 and 1963; in this, intelligence was understood by British policymakers as a tool to maintain British influence and preserve British strategic and economic interests in the Middle East. The imperial drive derived from a mixture of strategic and economic interests in the region but it was Britain’s anti-Communist attitudes which were shared with Middle Eastern governments. This was the context in which intelligence liaison was established between Britain and Middle Eastern states on the basis of their common interests. Although Britain’s anti-Communist policy contributed to preventing the spread of Communist movements in the region, it sought to strengthen the repressive capability of Middle Eastern governments which undermined their own political position by their repressiveness. An unintended consequence was that the Middle Eastern governments conducted counter-subversion not only against Communists, but also their own people. This thesis concludes that Britain’s anti-Communist policy sustained British influence and British interests in the region in the short term, but failed to sustain its objectives in the long term. It demonstrates the importance of common interests in encouraging intelligence liaison and the significance of conflicting interests in restricting it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CWZDRJNU,2014,Chikara Hashimoto,,,2022-12-27T23:20:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 7632,"Union Jacks and Red Stars on them : UK intelligence, the Soviet nuclear threat and British nuclear weapons policy, 1945-1970",Thesis,http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1439,"This thesis is a study of the British intelligence assessments produced by the UK's Joint Intelligence Committee regarding the Soviet Union's nuclear capabilities and intentions. It examines the origins of such intelligence, the various organisations that collected, collated and analysed it and how it fed into the Joint Intelligence structure. The thesis seeks both to synthesise existing historical analysis and add new evidence on intelligence organisation, collection, analysis and dissemination by examining the development of such assessments over a twenty-five year period and considering how well they reflected and informed British governments about the status and progress of the Soviet nuclear threat. Lastly, it analyses how this intelligence fed into and may have affected wider British military and ministerial decision-making regarding the course of the UK's nuclear weapons policy between 1945 and 1970.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FU7QUJI2,2008,Catherine Haddon,,,2022-12-27T23:19:40Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,"Queen Mary, University of London",,,,,,,,, 7633,British military intelligence in the First World War,Thesis,https://keele-test.eprints-hosting.org/id/eprint/7243/,DA Great Britain,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YHE7TL2A,1984,Michael Edward Occleshaw,,,2022-12-27T23:19:20Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,PhD Thesis,Keele University,,,,,,,,, 7634,"Free French and British intelligence relations, 1940-1944",Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251830,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DHMJPJWH,2002,"De Young de la Marck, David Jacques",,,2022-12-27T23:18:41Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10/251830,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7635,"British intelligence and the Irish 'Fifth Column', 1939-45",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=24&uin=uk.bl.ethos.619712,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BL5X67RV,2003,Paul Andrew McMahon,,,2022-12-27T23:18:24Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7636,"British Intelligence, Adolf Hitler and the German High Command, 1939-1945",Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252158,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3P7FWFA3,2009,Paul Russell James Winter,,,2022-12-27T23:17:51Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10/252158,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7637,"British official and intelligence responses to Soviet subversion against the United Kingdom, 1917-1929",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=21&uin=uk.bl.ethos.611440,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/48ND4TAG,2009,Victor Pedro Madeira,,,2022-12-27T23:17:17Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7638,"British intelligence estimates of the Soviet nuclear weapons programme, and their impact on strategic planning, 1945-1958",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=18&uin=uk.bl.ethos.421477,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YLI2WUNF,2004,Michael S. Goodman,,,2022-12-27T23:16:45Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Nottingham,,,,,,,,, 7639,'Secret towns': British intelligence in Asia during the Cold War,Thesis,http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/81565/,"The British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) remains one of the most obscure and elusive government agencies. Despite its rich and often tangled past, the SIS withstood various challenges in the twentieth century to become a vital instrument in Britain’s foreign policy, offering both traditional intelligence gathering, and a covert action capability. Despite recent revelations about its Cold War history, knowledge about this organisation is uneven at best, and this is particularly so in Asia. Despite Britain’s imperial history, which anchored informal intelligence gathering networks on a global scale, SIS’s presence in Asia is largely undiscovered. This thesis asks why this lacuna exists in SIS’s history; what was SIS activity in this region during the Cold War? Moreover, what was the value of this activity? Utilising a primarily archival methodology, this thesis sheds light on British intelligence activity in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Hanoi in the late 1960s. The strategic aims are twofold. Firstly, it explores the kinds of intelligence gathered, and the difficulties encountered from operating within the heart of a secure communist state in order to gauge an ‘enemy society’. In doing so, it challenges conventional definitions of intelligence, pointing to the notion of a dual identity diplomat-intelligence officer, that provided alternative means of acquiring intelligence within denied areas. In this way, it opens a window into a new dimension of SIS history, and, by extension, GCHQ, both of whom operated from the grey space between diplomacy and intelligence. Secondly, it examines this intelligence through the broader framework of the Anglo-American Special Relationship, given that these three case study countries were areas where the SIS operated, but where the CIA encountered real hindrances due to a lack of diplomatic premises. By tracing the path of British intelligence material, and analysing its reception by its American audience, it ultimately assesses the value of such intelligence. It argues that the granular detail afforded, and the insight on broader strategic relationships it provided, inverted the Special Relationship, rendering Britain a valued partner when it came to intelligence collection in this region and off-setting imbalances elsewhere.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T7BJLEIQ,2016,Nikita Shah,,,2022-12-27T23:15:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Warwick,,,,,,,,, 7640,Intelligence and command at the operational level of war: the British Eighth Army's experience during the Italian Campaign of the Second World War 1943-1945,Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=12&uin=uk.bl.ethos.497686,"Intelligence was declared by Clausewitz to be a source of uncertainty on the battlefield, and he advised commanders to rely on their intuition instead. It is a paradox of the Second World War that when, as never before, an abundance of intelligence was available to Allied commanders, Clausewitz's dictums still influenced some of their operational decisions. This thesis explores this duality, and how it influenced the relationship between intelligence and command at the operational level of war during the conflict. It does so through the medium of the British Army, in particular Eighth Army's operational performance - under Bernard Montgomery, Oliver Leese and Richard McCreery - at defining moments of the Italian campaign. The thesis demonstrates the ambiguity present within the British Army's doctrinal attitude towards intelligence at the operational level, which was reflected in the . tardiness with which intelligence was incorporated into the army's operational machinery during the first half of the war. That this was eventually achieved was illustrated by the general efficacy of Eighth Army's intelligence organisation in Italy, and the viability of its intelligence product. Nevertheless, the peculiarities of the Italian theatre reduced the productiveness of the chief sources of intelligence, and created occasional, but critical, gaps in the intelligence picture. This only partially explains, however, why Eighth Army's operational performance in Italy was punctuated by intelligence failure. Under Montgomery and Leese, intelligence was merely an ancillary, and often sidelined, tenet of their operational technique, and it was only under McCreery that Eighth Army practised intelligence-led warfare. These findings seriously question the historiographical belief that, by the second half of the war, the British Army had fully and unconditionally incorporated intelligence into its operational considerations, and that commanders were willing to act upon it and fashion their operational methods according to its dictates.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ICRDUXTC,2005,Kevin Leslie Jones,,,2022-12-27T23:07:25Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,University College London (University of London),,,,,,,,, 7641,"British intelligence and the Zionist, South African, and Australian intelligence communities during and after the Second World War",Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252188,"This thesis is not available on this repository until the author agrees to make it public. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: thesis@repository.cam.ac.uk.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q44Z89VW,2010-05-04,Jonathan Samuel Chavkin,,,2022-12-27T23:06:40Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10/252188,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7642,Joint intelligence committee and British intelligence assessment 1945-56.,Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251703,"This thesis is not available on this repository until the author agrees to make it public. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: thesis@repository.cam.ac.uk.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PNMA8GME,2000-02-15,Alexander James Craig,,,2022-12-27T23:06:06Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10/251703,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7643,The British Intelligence Services in the public domain,Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/2160/603b6051-5b23-45a3-9194-abeb027e0dd8,"The thesis explores ‘what are the avenues through which the public are provided with a portrayal of the British Intelligence Services and, what depictions of the British Intelligence Services do these provide? Undertaking an empirical approach throughout, the thesis begins by using the intelligence cycle to assess who constitutes the British Intelligence Services, and what portrayals the Big 3 – the Security Service (MI5), the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), and the Government Communication Headquarters (GCHQ) provide of themselves on their websites and by speeches made by the respective heads. This is compared to the portrayals of the British Intelligence Services provided by key avenues of information, namely, the Government, academia, news journalism and popular culture. Whilst all the avenues provide an overall positive portrayal of the British Intelligence Services, with a consistent emphasis upon acting legally and ethically, due to the diversity of these avenues, each provides a subtly different depiction of the British Intelligence Services. Due to the pervasiveness of secrecy surrounding the British Intelligence Services, these avenues are in an influential position of informing the public domain about the intelligence realm. But, by finding a balance between openness and secrecy and increasing their own public engagement beyond the websites which require an individual to know they exist and actively access them, the British Intelligence Services could limit the role of the avenues by having a more cohesive and ongoing relationship with the public domain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8KUXLGFX,2019,Abigail Julia Blyth,,,2022-12-27T22:54:11Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,PhD Thesis,Aberystwyth University,,,,,,,,, 7644,"British intelligence and the Comintern in Shanghai, 1927-37",Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252192,"This thesis is not available on this repository until the author agrees to make it public. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: thesis@repository.cam.ac.uk.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZBLXRCNY,2010-05-04,Alexander Stuart Millar,,,2022-12-27T22:53:02Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10/252192,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7645,British intelligence in the Middle East 1939-1946,Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252069,"This thesis is not available on this repository until the author agrees to make it public. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: thesis@repository.cam.ac.uk.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LU4UJW6H,2008-02-12,Adam Benjamin Shelley,,,2022-12-27T22:52:34Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10/252069,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7646,"Churchill's diplomatic eavesdropping and secret signals intelligence as an instrument of British foreign policy, 1941-1944: The case of Turkey",Thesis,https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10106205/,"Churchill's interest in secret signals intelligence (sigint) is now common knowledge, but his use of intercepted diplomatic telegrams (bjs) in World War Two has only become apparent with the release in 1994 of his regular supply of Ultra, the DIR/C Archive. Churchill proves to have been a voracious reader of diplomatic intercepts from 1941-44, and used them as part of his communication with the Foreign Office. This thesis establishes the value of these intercepts (particularly those Turkey- sourced) in supplying Churchill and the Foreign Office with authentic information on neutrals' response to the war in Europe, and analyses the way Churchill used them. Turkey was seen by both sides to be the most important neutral power and therefore constitutes the case study for this analysis. The thesis answers the question 'why did Turkey interest Churchill.' by tracing his involvement with diplomatic intercepts back to 1914, and then revealing how the Government Code and Cipher School (GCCS) was empowered to continue monitoring such traffic until 1939, when 'Station X' was established at Bletchley Park (BP). Following two chapters that trace the interwar work of GCCS on the secret diplomatic traffic of most major powers and outline Turkey's place amongst those powers, the thesis concentrates on four events or processes in which Churchill's use of diplomatic messages played a part in determining his wartime policy, which was sometimes at odds with that of the Foreign Office. Chapter four answers the question what use did Churchill and the Foreign Office make of bjs to persuade Turkey to join the Allies between 1940 and 1942. Chapter five offers a new explanation of why the Adana conference of January 1943 produced little change in Turkish foreign policy. Chapter six explains the Dodecanese defeat of 1943 in the light of the signals intelligence Churchill was reading. Chapter seven shows the results at GCCS in London of the theft of secret Foreign Office papers in Ankara from November 1943: whether actual bjs were included in these papers; how they were received in Berlin and subsequently in Berne, Washington and London; and how they led to a breakthrough in reading the German diplomatic cipher, too late to be useful to Churchill. The thesis concludes by emphasising the personalised nature of wartime diplomacy and re-iterates the reasons why Churchill and the Foreign Office attached such importance to their 'Most Secret Sources', though their availability to historians requires little change to the record.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GGFYTI6V,1997,Robin Denniston,,,2022-12-27T22:44:32Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",,,PhD Thesis,UCL (University College London),,,,,,,,, 7647,"Espionage in British Popular Culture of the 20th Century: Gender, Moral Ambiguity and the Inextricability of Fact and Fiction.",Thesis,https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/133517/,"This analysis of cultural representations of British intelligence between 1945 and 1999 explores three intertwined themes: constructions of gender identities; the representation of morality and moral dilemmas; and the relationship between fact and fiction. Cultural representations of spies are a particularly rich source of analysis of the three themes given the character of the profession, which has captured the public imagination, but about which information in the public domain is erratic and selective. The primary source base includes 89 British novels and 53 films (both cinema and television), cartoons and newspaper articles. A formalist approach to these sources is complemented by cultural materialism in order to work closely with the texts while emphasising the importance of the political and social contexts in which these sources were produced and consumed. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first identifies contrasting typologies of masculinities and femininities in popular representations. The spectrums of masculinity depend upon bisecting axes: the maverick/organisation spectrum is determined by the spy's role in and relationship to the organisation; the peacock/chameleon spectrum is determined by visibility and tradecraft and is more responsive to social change than the former category. Women fall on a singular spectrum ranging from Angel to Patriot to Whore. While these three categories are remarkably consistent over time, by the end of the period under investigation the new category of the Professional emerges who blends the three. The second section is thematic and maps these gender constructions on to two dominant themes of popular representations of espionage: betrayal and moral complexity. Part two explores the cultural circuit between the public and fictional representation of spies and the implicit and explicit explorations of gender identities thus generated in a period marked by major public scandals in the espionage world. The thesis concludes that although this is a genre which is little constrained by public knowledge of the world it depicts, it is nonetheless heavily constrained by societal norms and deeply revealing of gender roles, particularly masculine ones.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IXQI672F,2015,Kirsten Ann Smith,,,2022-12-27T22:43:40Z,['NWAKWPT7'],,,PhD Thesis,Lancaster University,,,,,,,,, 7648,The military career of General Sir Henry Brackenbury 1856-1904,Thesis,https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/2425,"This thesis deals with a largely forgotten soldier, writer and administrator of the mid to late Victorian era. General Sir Henry Brackenbury’s career covered some forty- eight years. He was either directly involved in or was witness to all the major events of the British Army during this period, from the Crimean War to the South African War. His career encompassed an era of reform that saw the army move away from the military system of the Napoleonic Wars and the gradual establishment of the system with which the British Army would take the field in 1914. The aim of this thesis is to look at the military career of Sir Henry Brackenbury, rather than be a biography of the man. However his literary career, personal life and financial circumstances are intrinsically linked to his life as a soldier. What this shows is a highly intelligent soldier, perhaps the first of a new bread of so-called ‘Scientific Soldiers’, men who studied and thought about their profession. Apart from a considerable, and important, amount of active service overseas, Brackenbury held three key administrative positions, which were the highlight of his army service and allowed his talents to come to the fore. As Head of the Intelligence Branch at the War Office, Military Member of the Council of the Governor General of India, and Director General of the Ordnance, he ended his long career with powerful and important positions that brought much praise. Indeed his contemporaries considered him to be the most effective holder of these posts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PGISAQHG,2009,Christopher Brice,,,2022-12-27T22:40:07Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,PhD Thesis,De Montfort University,,,,,,,,, 7649,Establishing broadcast monitoring as Open Source Intelligence: the BBC Monitoring Service during the Second World War,Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/establishing-broadcast-monitoring-as-open-source-intelligence(6f680ea6-3fb7-41b9-a93d-321ce446e835).html,"Given the recent surge of interest in Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), surprisingly little attention has been devoted to existing open source agencies or their historic role. As the first full length academic study of the BBC Monitoring Service, this thesis seeks to examine one of the earliest historic attempts to systematically manage and exploit publicly available, open source information for intelligence purposes. It utilises the Imperial War Museum’s rarely used collection of BBC Monitoring transcripts, in conjunction with traditional archival sources and oral interviews, to trace the origins, processes and institutional structure developed by the Monitoring Service during its formative years. This study further assesses the collection priorities of BBC Monitoring during World War Two, traces the historic flow of monitored material around the wartime Government and BBC, and establishes the institutional role of BBCM in the conduct of Britain’s war effort. Three case study chapters, focusing on the outbreak of war, Dunkirk and D-Day, particularly assess the process and detailed collection priorities of the Monitoring Service during key events throughout the war. This study thus makes a contribution to the historic picture of British intelligence during World War Two, and is bound to encourage future study of the BBC Monitoring Service and its archives. Overall, the BBC Monitoring Service is judged a historic success story. This thesis argues that this success can be attributed to three key qualities developed during the wartime period: trust, breadth, and adaptability. The organisation established a relationship of trust with the Government; developed and maintained a remarkable breadth of broadcast coverage; and showed a constant ability to adapt to both customer demands and changing strategic priorities.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X3HB5RND,2013,Laura Marie Johnson,,,2022-12-27T22:38:18Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 7650,"The Palestine Exploration Fund, 1865-1914",Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35576,"Founded in 1865, the Palestine Exploration Fund (PEF) was for the first 20 years of its existence both the principal British exploration society in the Holy Land and a surveying organisation which was heavily dependent upon the work of and support of the Royal Engineers. From 1865 to 1886 PEF functioned as an independent organisation dependent for its work and existence upon the intelligence department of the War Office. Employing Royal Engineers, men and officers, the Fund surveyed western and eastern Palestine, Sinai, and completed a geographical survey around the Dead Sea. Its surveyors included Charles Wilson (later Sir Charles Wilson), Charles Warren (later Sir Charles Warren), Claude Conder and H. H. Kitchener (later Lord Kitchener), and its supporters and organisers included many notable men of the day. The survey operation linked closely with the need for a full map of the Holy Land area in order to protect and police the eastern hinterland to the Suez Canal. After 1890 the PEF became an archaeological organisation employing William Flinders Petrie (1891), Frederick Jones Bliss (1891-1900), R. A. Macalister (1900-09) and lastly Duncan Mackenzie (1910-1912). From 1913 to 1914 the PEF reverted to its former role of intelligence gathering for the War Office and employed Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence as archaeologists and as a cover for Royal Engineers under Captain Newcombe who surveyed the Wilderness of Zin area. After 1918 the British Mandate in Palestine rendered such uses of the PEF obsolete. This thesis examines the composition of the PEF, its foundation, the involvement of the military intelligence departments with PEF, its financial basis and its relationship to the British involvement in the Middle East. It does not examine the PEF's role in archaeological history, but concentrates upon its work as a Victorian imperial institution.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7QPPJR4E,1996,John James Moscrop,,,2022-12-27T22:36:34Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Leicester,,,,,,,,, 7651,MI9's escape and evasion mapping programme 1939-1945,Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3553,"This thesis examines the programme of mapping produced on silk, and other fabric, by MI9 to facilitate the escape and evasion of British military personnel during World War II. It considers the creation of MI9 in December 1939, the rationale for the new military intelligence branch and the context of the history of military mapping on silk. The map production programme is described, together with its progress and the challenges faced. The various groups of maps are identified and described, together with the source maps on which they were based. This description is developed in nine appendices produced as an integral part of the research to provide a comprehensive carto-bibliography of the 234 individual maps which have been identified. Location details of extant copies in British map collections are also provided. The ingenious methods of smuggling the maps into the camps, with other escape aids, in apparently innocuous leisure items are described. The maps were then copied and reproduced to support the escapes. Coded correspondence with the camps is discussed, and a successful deciphering of some of that correspondence is provided. The implications for the escape and evasion programme were considerable, but so too were the implications of the passage of intelligence from the camps to aid the war effort, a factor apparently largely overlooked in previous studies of the wartime role of the intelligence branches. Three case studies are provided to demonstrate the role and importance of the contribution made by the maps to the escape and evasion programme. The conclusion assesses the significance of this little known episode in British historical cartography of the twentieth century which essentially provides the latest chapter in the story of military mapping on silk, and other fabric, through the ages.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E25GVRFX,2014,Barbara A. Bond,,,2022-12-27T22:36:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Plymouth,,,,,,,,, 7652,"Informers, agents, the IRA and British counter-insurgency strategy during the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1969 to 1998",Thesis,http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/informers-agents-the-ira-and-british-counterinsurgency-strategy-during-the-northern-ireland-troubles-1969-to-1998(543410f7-1db8-4663-beed-c89104c4e7dc).html,"This thesis investigates the impact of informers and agents upon Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) military strategy, and British counter-insurgency strategy in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1998. The importance of this topic was highlighted by revelations in 2003 and 2005 concerning two senior republicans who had both been working for British intelligence for decades. The uncovering of these two senior spies created intense debate within the media and Irish republican community as to whether the IRA ended its military campaign largely because of significant infiltration. Yet, surprisingly, there has been no dedicated academic study of the impact of informers and agents upon the IRA. A few academics have briefly considered this topic in recent monographs and journal articles. Whilst acknowledging other important factors, they argue that intelligence successes against the IRA played a crucial role in influencing that organization to end its military campaign in 1998. This first in-depth study of the influence of informers and agents on IRA and British strategies during the Troubles cross-references new extensive interview material alongside memoirs from various Troubles participants. Its central argument is that the elusive nature of many rural IRA units, its cellular structure in Belfast, and the isolation of the IRA leadership prevented the organization from being damaged to any considerable extent by spies. In fact, the IRA’s resilience was a key factor encouraging the British government to try to include republicans in political settlements in 1972, 1975 and the 1990s. The IRA’s military strength also points towards the prominence of political factors in persuading republicans to call a ceasefire by 1994. The role of spies in Northern Ireland and the circumstances in which the state permitted negotiations with the IRA are key considerations for those interested in other small-scale conflicts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EHXCMUIZ,2015,Thomas Daniel Melchizadek Leahy,,,2022-12-27T22:35:27Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'TLFN4NAL']",,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 7653,"The Joint Intelligence Committee and the German Question, 1947-61",Thesis,http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1495,"This thesis analyses the contribution that the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) made to British policy concerning Germany (both West and East) during the early Cold War. The question of control over war-ravaged, but strategically significant Germany was critical to the security of Europe. As such, Germany and Berlin in particular, became the most important Cold War battleground in Europe. By combining recently released JIC archives with both existing research on intelligence, foreign and defence policy and records from the other government departments, this research adds to the understanding of one of the central themes of the Cold War. It reveals how ministers, senior officials and military officers made use of the assessmentps roduced by the JIC in formulating their policies towards Germany and the developing threat from the Soviet Union and its allies. This research takes a chronological approach, in order to trace both the development of policy and of the role of the JIC within central government. It explores the major crises of the period: the Soviet blockade of Berlin in 1948, the riots in East Berlin of June 1953 and the 1958-61 Berlin Crisis. Away from these crises, the thesis examines the picture that the JIC painted of Soviet intentions and capabilities in Eastern Germany and of the development of the two German nations. It also looks at the JIC's contribution to British attitudes towards German rearmament. The developing role of the intelligence apparatus, both within central government and in Germany is a major theme running through the thesis. By improving its sources, its product and its administration, the JIC ensured that it became an essential tool for successive governments, and within Whitehall, became the interface between intelligence and policy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GQVXA2UV,2009,Simon Case,,,2022-12-27T22:34:13Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,PhD Thesis,"Queen Mary, University of London",,,,,,,,, 7654,"Soviet intelligence services in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=76&uin=uk.bl.ethos.570090,"Unsurprisingly, one of the important, controversial, much speculated and least known aspects of the Spanish Civil War is the role of Soviet intelligence services. Every scholar who tries to tackle this problem will soon find out how notoriously hard it is to ensure accuracy, truth and objectivity in writing about secret intelligence and counterintelligence. There the whole purpose of governments is not to document but to hide the facts, and there, too, witnesses are unlikely to know the full truth underlying even the events in which they personally participated. As a result, the interpretation of these secret doings can quickly coagulate in false patterns. Writers deprived of access to fresh facts, original documents and ability to professionally assess the information tend to copy what other have written although that may be largely guesswork, misinformation and speculation. Any single surviving fragmentary detail gains value because no other is recorded, even though it may stem from ignorance or partisanship, and by repetition it gains credibility and becomes history. In recent times, there has been a growth of interest to this particular topic due, first of all, to the efforts of the imminent British intelligence historian Professor Christopher Andrew, and because more and more original documents became available to researchers. There are, nonetheless, still major gaps in our knowledge of wartime intelligence in what concerns Soviet operations on the Republican territory and outside it. Who were the people sent by the Soviet government? What was their mission brief and how they carried out orders? What was their influence, if any, on the outcome of the war? How did secret intelligence influence Stalin's decisions in relation to Spain at various periods of the conflict? This work cannot hope to cover the vast programme of research on intelligence and the war history or international relations albeit in a very short period of three years (1936-39), but it seeks to give scholars, researchers and students of intelligence better access to primary sources from many archives, oral histories, memoirs, books and articles in several languages otherwise little known, totally unknown or very hard to acquire. This previously unknown information may help the historian to make different conclusions from what seemed an established fact, was misinterpreted or misunderstood. Intelligence is a fascinating subject but only knowledge gives you power.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GUPZMD3X,2010,Boris Volodarsky,,,2022-12-27T22:33:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,PhD Thesis,London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London),,,,,,,,, 7655,Britain's exploitation of Occupied Germany for scientific and technical intelligence on the Soviet Union,Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226719,"At the beginning of the Cold War, the gathering of intelligence on the Soviet Union's current and future military capability seemed a near-impossibility. Soviet high-level communications were secure against decryption. Agent networks in the USSR were very difficult to establish and of uncertain reliability. Aerial reconnaissance of warrelated targets in the Soviet Union was risky and could only be occasional. But valuable intelligence was gathered in the years 1945-55 on the USSR's frantic arms build-up, thanks to its policy towards Germans and their country. Its exploitation of Germans and its Zone of Germany in its war-related research and development and the reconstruction of its war-related industries gave British Intelligence penetrable targets in the Soviet Zone and gave great numbers of Germans sought-after information on the USSR itself. The ease of recruiting age nts in East Germany and the flight (including enticed defections) of refugees from it allowed research and development projects and uranium.-mining operations there to be penetrated. Intelligence of Soviet weapons development and of the quality of Soviet military technology was obtained. The mass interrogation of prisoners-of-war returned by the Soviets to the British Occupation Zone in the late 1940s yielded a wealth of valuable information on war-related construction and the locations of numerous intelligence targets in the Soviet Union: most importantly, those of atomic and chemical plants, aircraft and aero-engine factories, airfields, rocket development centres and other installations. When, in the period 1949-58, some 3,000 deported German scientists , engineers and technicians were sent back to their homeland from the USSR, promising sources among them were enticed West and interrogated for their knowledge of the Soviets' research and development projects. The cream of the information they provided was crucial intelligence on the locations of atomic plants and laboratories and uranium deposits; useful information on structural weaknesses in the Soviet system of scientific and economic management; expert (if out-of-date) assessments of the quality of Soviet accomplishments in atomic science, electronics and other fields; and well-informed indications as to possible lines of development in guided missile and aircraft design. One Soviet scientific defector in Germany provided similar information which influenced British perceptions of the Soviet Union's scientific potential and missile development plans. Refugees entering the British Zone from East Germany, intercepted letters and monitored telecommunications, informal contacts and, of course, secret agents all made significant contributions to the gathering of scientific and technical intelligence in Germany too. The British passed to the Americans much of the intelligence they acquired in Germany and the installations identified and located by German sources were overtlown by spyplanes in the 1950s and particularly by U-2s in the latter half of-the decade. Priceless information was obtained, which establi shed that the USSR's war-related scientific research and development and its actual military capability were both inferior to those of the West. Thus the Germans enabled Soviet security to be deeply penetrated and helped to stabilize the Cold War. They are the missing link between Ultra and the U-2.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HVS8MZQP,1999-01-26,John Paul Maddrell,,,2022-12-27T22:32:08Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.17863/CAM.16476,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,https://openalex.org/W644522961,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W644522961,2018.0,2018.0,1999.0,https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.16476,19.0 7656,"British and American counter-intelligence and the atom spies, 1941-1950",Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252086,"The individuals known collectively as the Atom Spies succeeded in passing intelligence about the top secret British and American atomic programmes to representatives of Soviet intelligence organisations. The information that they provided made a significant impact upon Soviet atomic research, allowing the USSR's scientists to copy the technologies developed by the Manhattan Engineering District (MED), and accelerating the arrival of the Soviet atomic bomb by at least a year. This dissertation examines the various interactions between these Atom Spies and the counter-intelligence organisations in Britain and the United States, using a comparative framework. The first chapter examines how these individuals were cleared to work on top secret atomic research and draws broader conclusions about the security policies employed in each country. Moving into the postwar period, the second chapter involves discussion of how the defection of Soviet cipher clerk lgor Gouzenko and the intensification of the Cold War affected both atomic security and collaboration between Britain and the United States. The middle section analyses counterespionage operations against the Atom Spies in Britain and America, emphasising the role of Signals Intelligence and comparing the investigative strategies employed by MI5 and the FBI. The penultimate chapter investigates the effect of the Atom Spy cases on atomic security, and includes a detailed examination of the case of Bruno Pontecorvo, a British-based atomic scientist who defected to the Soviet Union in 1950. Lastly, some of the broader consequences of the Atom Spy cases are discussed; as shall emerge, the exposure of the Atom Spies played a major role in the postwar evolution of both the atomic and intelligence relationship between Britain and the United States, as well as contributing to the American debate over the need to develop a Hydrogen bomb.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BCKBREWW,2008-05-20,Timothy Samuel Gibbs,,,2022-12-27T22:27:16Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.17863/CAM.16032,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,https://openalex.org/W2582660430,0.0,True,,,,2008.0,http://hdl.handle.net/10068/1009626, 7657,"Studies in British naval intelligence, 1880-1945",Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/studies-in-british-naval-intelligence-18801945(48510497-a5b2-4d73-947e-fd5374d80c86).html,"This thesis examines, by reference to the political, institutional, organisational, personnel, operational, methodological and technical aspects of naval intelligence work, the developmental aspects of its history from 1880 to 1945. By analysing specific naval operations and discussing the strategic and tactical ramifications of intelligence it seeks to throw light on the impact of intelligence on naval warfare in this period. In so doing it reveals the place of intelligence in the general naval history of the period. It is not a definitive history, but rather a discursive analysis of those aspects considered the most important. In the pre-1914 era the N.I.D. was the heart of the emergent Naval Staff, involved in strategic planning at the highest level. World War I brought the need for an operational intelligence organisation, with the priority of locating, identifying, and deducing the intentions of major German units. Experience in war revealed the necessity for a clear definition of the relationship between the Operations Division and the N.I.D. The use of radio intelligence and cryptanalysis gave N.I.D. great operational successes and Admiral Hall the opportunity to involve N.I.D. in political issues.The latter led to the review of N.I.D.'s role post 1918 and, in part, its run-down. The inter-war period witnessed N.I.D.'s decline as the most dynamic and influential Naval Staff department. Until the foundation of O.I.C. and the coming of war N.I.D. was a backwater. World War It witnessed a re-vitalisation, a more structured and tightly controlled N.I.D., and the D.N.I.. as an important echelon of the C.O.S. and J.LC. organisations. N.I.D. regained its previous supremacy and was instrumental in the process towards intelligence integration at the end of World War U. It scored great operational successes. The function of intelligence is demonstrated as being paramount in the naval organisation and critical to the interests of the State. Its maintenance was contingent upon variables which, throughout this period, were neither constant nor always recognised.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/85QHD33X,1972,Anthony Roland Wells,,,2022-12-27T22:26:04Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,PhD Thesis,University of London,,,,,,,,, 7658,"The Royal Navy and Soviet seapower, 1930-1950: intelligence, naval cooperation and antagonism",Thesis,https://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3940,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PDN4XT9F,1996,Joseph Francis Ryan,,,2022-12-27T22:24:20Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,PhD Thesis,"Department of History, The University of Hull",,,,,,,,, 7659,"Intelligence and grand strategy : Churchill, De Gaulle and the failure of Anglo-French relations, 1943-45",Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/intelligence-and-grand-strategy(5bfc9557-c08d-43d3-9686-0f0f035bb70c).html,"Recently-released intelligence material makes clear that secret information and clandestine diplomacy were central to the failure of Anglo-French relations. International intelligence archives present a “deeper level”, where personal relations and grand strategy intertwined to shape international diplomacy. Intelligence reveals that Churchill conducted an “unofficial” policy against France in the Middle East. During the war, Churchill embarked on a secretive and ambitious effort to reorganize the Middle East under British hegemony. In order to create a Jewish State and consolidate British control, he opted to support Arab dreams for a Greater Syria which would include the French Levant. Churchill knew that British agents, led by Spears, were conducting a campaign of systematic subversion to oust France from the region. He permitted this operation despite knowing that de Gaulle had evidence on it and despite what it was doing to Anglo-French relations. Eden disagreed with this policy. Intelligence material reveals that he opened a secret channel to de Gaulle and orchestrated a “manoeuvre” to regain control of British grand strategy. Eden’s clandestine diplomacy failed and Churchill was allowed to ruin Anglo-French relations. Intelligence shows that, for larger strategic aims, Churchill betrayed France and made de Gaulle an “enemy of Britain”.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3WGUBKF6,2020,Matthew Hefler,,,2022-12-27T22:22:00Z,"['D67KFVND', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 7660,"Spies at the heart of the Cold War : the British Commanders'-in-Chief mission to the Soviet forces in Germany, 1946-1990 (""BRIXMIS"")",Thesis,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/spies-at-the-heart-of-the-cold-war(de9b85e4-887a-4762-8499-ccc62f4aabe1).html,"This study examines the value of the British Commanders'-in-Chief mission to the Soviet forces in Germany, 1946-1990 (""BRIXMIS"") for British Cold War policy-making. Academic study of security, defence and intelligence-related organisations during the Cold War are by now quite well-established in the Anglo-American sphere; however, to this day there is no academic analysis of BRIXMIS. This thesis is going to fill that gap. It will look at the entire duration of the mission, from its foundation in 1946 to its closure in 1990, linking it with Whitehall policy-making. The study will shed light on British intelligence operations in the immediate aftermath of 1989, where BRIXMIS’ capacities continued to play a crucial role. Ultimately, the point will be made that the mission’s expertise and utility surpassed its existence, because they were being used by policy long after the mission had been terminated. The study will conclude by establishing the value of the mission for Whitehall policy-‐making and intelligence analysis, thus answering the overall question: that the mission was indeed, and rather unexpectedly, a great provider of vital intelligence. It will become clear how the perception of the mission as an intelligence operation on the part of decision-‐makers in London changed over time from scepticism to great appreciation and admiration.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2WS8VZUP,2020,Frederic Ischebeck-Baum,,,2022-12-27T22:20:48Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,PhD Thesis,King's College London,,,,,,,,, 7661,"Sir Basil Thomson and the Directorate of Intelligence : a British experiment in 'high policing', 1919-1921",Thesis,http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/19235,"Within current British Intelligence literature, there is an absence of any detailed examination of the Directorate of Intelligence (DoI), led by Sir Basil Thomson, a policeman. The DoI was created mostly from the Metropolitan Police Special Branch in 1919 by Cabinet decision, primarily to counter post-Great War Bolshevik inspired activism. It became the first civilian domestic Intelligence organisation in Britain, heralding the formalisation of 'high policing', despite the natural British dislike of such 'Continental' practices. This research, utilising traditional historical archival methods, is largely underpinned by Brodeur's 'high/low' policing theory. Firstly, the original English aversion to 'Continental' policing practices is explained with reference to the evolution of the French Police in the early nineteenth century. This is set against the backdrop of natural liberties enjoyed in England. Specifically, it was the suppressive 'high policing' under Joseph Fouché, Napoleon's Minister of Police that was of concern. This was an important factor in preventing the inclusion of such practices when the Metropolitan Police and Provincial Forces were formed. Secondly, in examining the DoI, it is argued that rather than the military, the police were given the domestic Intelligence function for constitutional reasons. Thomson's weekly reports to the Cabinet provide insight into how he organised the DoI to execute its mandate. Three examples are detailed to show its work: the 1919 Police Strike, the Nationalist insurgency in Ireland and associated violence on the mainland as well as counter-Bolshevik propaganda. Thirdly, negative accepted wisdoms in literature regarding Thomson are challenged, showing that despite the DoI's sudden abolition in 1921, it had been efficient and had provided valuable intelligence to government. An aberrant recommendation by the 1921 Secret Service Committee led to the DoI's abrupt termination by Prime Minister Lloyd George. Efficiency was the reason given for his decision, without Cabinet consultation, when the prevailing view among some Parliamentarians was that that the organisation was too 'Continental' in its work, something that was unacceptable with the lessening of the post-war crises.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BH7NCQM5,2019,Mohamed Hanif Majothi,,,2022-12-27T22:20:17Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,PhD Thesis,Brunel University London,,,,,,,,, 7662,"British Intelligence Services in Greece, 1940 - 1947",Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297314,"This dissertation seeks to address two key themes, drawing on archives in Britain, the United States, and Greece. Firstly, it examines the impact of British Intelligence on the Greek war effort, resistance to Axis occupation, and the period after liberation, by examining the changing role of intelligence in each period. During the early part of the war, the Intelligence Services, and in particular the newly founded Special Operations Executive, sought to achieve their aim of stoking resistance in Greece to help the British war effort through a number of operations. The failure of these operations, however, would have a lasting impact on their future work in Greece. After the stunning success of SOE Operation ‘Harling’, British officials in Cairo and London increasingly fostered guerrilla warfare, making their mission in Greece extremely complex. This was particularly true of SOE, which now entered the hazardous world of guerrilla politics even as it was now serving an equally important political and diplomatic role. While relations between the British and EAM (the communist-led National Liberation Front) had initially been cordial, relations soured as the war progressed and post-war ambitions became more pressing. Eventually, the understanding between the two sides broke down completely and, only a few months after the liberation of Greece, the British government was in open conflict with the guerrillas of EAM. This leads on to the second key theme of the dissertation: the ramifications of the involvement of British Intelligence on the Greek Civil War, and in particular the effect of the dual policy followed by the British in Greece, trying to achieve what proved to be mutually exclusive military and political aims. It will also seek to elucidate whether British involvement in Greece helped to exacerbate the conditions in Greece which led to Civil War, an ongoing topic of scholarly and public controversy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ALLPSAJA,2019-10-26,Constantine Capsaskis,,,2022-12-27T19:40:00Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.17863/CAM.44362,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,https://openalex.org/W2988044294,0.0,True,,,,2019.0,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/297314, 7663,British intelligence and American neutrality during the First World War,Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265571,"This PhD examines the role of British intelligence in Anglo-American relations during the period of American neutrality in the First \Vorld \Var. Unbeknownst to the Americans, British intelligence began to intercept and decrypt virtually all American diplomatic telegrams between Washington and U.S. diplomatic outposts throughout Europe. Although several studies of Anglo-American relations in this period exist, none consider British intelligence's role. Providing an analysis of the relevant cod.es and cryptographical developments during the war, the thesis traces British intelligence's progress in deciphering these various diplomatic codes and offers an analysis of the distribution and use of this intelligence material. Through an exploration of this intelligence aspect, this thesis challenges existing interpretations of British and American policy in this period. A crucial conflict at the heart of British policy-one missed by previous historians-existed over the importance of the United States. Presaging America's international role later in the twentieth centu1y, many of Britain's leaders came to seriously doubt that, without the United States, the war remained winnable at all. Yet these officials contended with a second, powerful faction that remained wedded to outmoded ideas of America's limited relevance on the global stage and that refused to accept the existence of practical limits to British power. This conflict play~ out in several areas of British policy-over diplomatic, military, financial, and political affairs. Intelligence, however, provea a favoured weapon. Intercepted communications, sometimes ripped from their context, caused serious but spurious paranoia that the Americans were collaborating with Germany. Previous scholars, however, by ignoring the weapon, have failed to see the battle. Until it entered the war, American policymakers worked t:u:elessly to achieve a peaceful settlement. Previous historians have entirely dismissed the significance of these efforts, casting them as well-intentioned but futile. In reality, however, those British leaders who understood Britain's dependence on the United States tended to favour these proposals as a useful way of ending an unwinnable war that was bleeding the country d17- This PhD makes a significant contribution to the history of British intelligence, British policy, and American diplomacy during the period of American neutrality during the First World War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QIAF56RE,2014-01-07,Daniel Richard Larsen,,,2022-12-27T19:39:09Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.17863/CAM.11749,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,https://openalex.org/W2784691250,0.0,True,,,,2014.0,https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.11749, 7664,The theatre of the real: the actor/spy relationship in le Carré’s Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy and The Little Drummer Girl,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2151757,"This article examines the representations of theatricality and the actor in le Carré’s work, using Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (1974) and The Little Drummer Girl (1983) as case studies. Additionally, it will analyse the importance of the actor and performance in these two novels, and how it relates to the 'real world' practice of espionage at the time. It will also examine how the actor/spy relationship has been addressed in film and television adaptations of le Carré’s work, drawing from Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011) and The Little Drummer Girl (2018).",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/52XEFBID,2022-12-26,Ariel Whitfield Sobel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-27T18:28:18Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2151757,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4312220122,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7665,Mobilizing resources for war: the British and Spanish intelligence systems during the war of Jenkins' Ear (1739-1744),Thesis,https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/18765/,"The topic of this study is the War of Jenkins’ Ear (1739 – 1744) and this thesis concentrates on the close connection between the British and Spanish gathering of intelligence and the military decisions adopted in London and Madrid during the war. The ultimate purpose of this study is to put this war in a broader context and make a contribution to understand the development of the state in eighteenth century Europe. The first part of this study analyses the structure and functioning of the several British and Spanish Intelligence Networks, i.e. diplomatic and political support to these networks, expenditures, flowing of intelligence, messengers, agents, collaborators and counter intelligence. This part consists of two chapters, as follows: (a) the British Intelligence System and (b) the Spanish Intelligence System. The second part of the study explores the connection between the gathering of intelligence and decision-making in Madrid and London. However, the study of the use of intelligence can be problematic. This is because neither on the British nor the Spanish side are there official cabinet records for this period that could directly link one process with the other. In an attempt to solve this difficulty it has been decided to study the connection through four case studies. Each of them will concentrate on one of the military expeditions that Britain and Spain carried out or planned during the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QTLKZVXD,2009-07,I. Rivas Ibáñez,,,2022-12-25T00:56:54Z,['DS3WDJUS'],,,PhD Thesis,UCL,,,,,,,,, 7666,"British Intelligence and Indian 'subversion' : the surveillance of Indian revolutionaries in India and abroad, 1904-1920",Thesis,https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272359,"This thesis was digitised by the British Library from microfilm. You can acquire a single copy of this thesis for research purposes by clicking on the padlock icon on the thesis file. Please be aware that the text in the supplied thesis pdf file may not be as clear as text in a thesis that was born digital or digitised directly from paper due to the conversion in format. However, all of the theses in Apollo that were digitised from microfilm are readable and have been processed by optical character recognition (OCR) technology which means the reader can search and find text within the document. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: thesis@repository.cam.ac.uk",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/83VUB8UC,1988-01-01,Richard James Popplewell,,,2022-12-24T01:28:32Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.17863/CAM.19368,,Master's Thesis,University of Cambridge,https://openalex.org/W2937789846,0.0,True,,,,1988.0,https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.19368, 7667,Intelligence and Foreign Policy: Dilemmas of a Democracy,Journal article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/intelligence-and-foreign-policy-dilemmas-democracy,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D98ZY5DX,1969,William Barnds,Council on Foreign Relations,Foreign Affairs,2020-07-21T21:42:22Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.2307/20039373,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2561270608,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2561270608,2018.0,2025.0,1969.0,,49.0 7668,Intelligence and Grand Strategy,Journal article,https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/publications/intelligence_and_grand_strategy,"Abstract: Elegant strategies can be constructed without reference to intelligence but persuading policymakers to implement them without knowing what intelligence might have to say about their likely efficacy and unintended consequences would be exceedingly difficult. Intelligence-derived information and insights should not dictate the goals of grand strategy, but they should",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XTBT385C,2012,Thomas Fingar,,Orbis,2021-02-15T09:39:35Z,"['D67KFVND', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7669,How U.K. intelligence came to tweet the lowdown on the war in Ukraine,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/22/how-uk-intelligence-came-tweet-lowdown-war-ukraine/,"Usually twice a day, the ministry tweets out a colorful blue graphic that summarizes its latest assessments about the state of play on the Ukrainian battlefield — where Russian troops are, what moves they’re making, which regions are most under threat.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GFELMWGX,22 April 2022,Karla Adam,,Washington Post,2022-04-23T10:12:59Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7670,In-Depth Briefing: Weaponising the truth,Magazine article,https://issuu.com/chacr_camberley/docs/chacr_briefing_-_intelligence/1,"Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get them in front of Issuu’s millions of monthly readers. Title: In-Depth Briefing: Weaponising the truth, Author: chacr_camberley, Name: chacr_briefing_-_intelligence, Length: undefined pages, Page: 1, Published: 2022-04-26",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7I53SZXR,26 April 2022,Dan Lomas,,issuu,2022-04-26T12:17:20Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7671,What to read to understand intelligence and espionage,Magazine article,https://www.economist.com/the-economist-reads/2022/12/21/what-to-read-to-understand-intelligence-and-espionage,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AGQC7N8Z,21 December 2022,Shashank Joshi,,The Economist,2022-12-23T09:29:58Z,['CN9F5URY'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7672,"British intelligence during the war against Napoleon, 1807-1815",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=11&uin=uk.bl.ethos.709285,Intelligence service--Great Britain--History--19th century ; Napoleonic Wars ; 1800-1815 ; Great Britain--History--1800-1837 ; Great Britain--History ; Military--1789-1820,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZTGSLBN6,2015,Barry John O'Connell,,,2022-12-23T00:36:40Z,['8XA7D88D'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7673,"Fiction from fact : the British spy novel and British intelligence, 1894-1963",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=4&uin=uk.bl.ethos.840153,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P8TMRKRH,2018,Jonathan Edward Best,,,2022-12-23T00:35:50Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],,,PhD Thesis,Queen's University Belfast,,,,,,,,, 7674,Private Eyes in the Sky: How Commercial Satellites Are Transforming Intelligence,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2021-09-23/private-eyes-sky,How commercial satellites are transforming intelligence.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H2TX5BQJ,2021-10-01T18:16:42-04:00,"Erik Lin-Greenberg, Theo Milonopoulos",,Foreign Affairs,2022-12-22T20:21:34Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'R2V36RN8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7675,Berlin Detains German Intelligence Official Suspected of Spying for Russia,Newspaper article,https://www.wsj.com/articles/berlin-detains-german-intelligence-official-suspected-of-spying-for-russia-11671731754,Arrest is blow to a government that had sought to clamp down on Russian influence in its ranks since Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6UQRCIHU,22 December 2022,Bertrand Benoit,,WSJ,2022-12-22T20:18:39Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7676,Keeping it simple: how technology shapes the terror threat,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/keeping-it-simple-how-technology-shapes-the-terror-threat/,"Evolving technology consistently introduces new possibilities for both the attacker and defender. The more inventive terrorists became, the more defensive measures needed to be put in place. As new countermeasures were introduced, terrorists became increasingly inventive to evade them.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J2WLXFX4,05 July 2022,Suzanne Raine,,,2022-12-21T13:46:41Z,['TLFN4NAL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7677,Visiting the secret state: Margaret Thatcher and Intelligence,Blog post,https://history.blog.gov.uk/2022/12/21/visiting-the-secret-state-margaret-thatcher-and-intelligence/,Articles from guest historians and civil servants about the history of UK government.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2I8A2P5W,21 December 2022,Dan Lomas,,,2022-12-21T14:50:18Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7678,What are the implications of Ukraine's civilian resistance going viral?,Blog post,https://www.kcl.ac.uk/what-are-the-implications-of-ukraines-civilian-resistance-going-viral,"PhD Research and Senior Lecturer in Intelligence Studies, Department of War Studies",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SVQ3DV8K,10 March 2022,"Magda Long, Daniela Richterova",,,2022-03-11T11:31:50Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7679,Chinese security firm advertises ethnicity recognition technology while facing UK ban,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/04/chinese-security-firm-advertises-ethnicity-recognition-technology-while-facing-uk-ban,Campaigners concerned that ‘same racist technology used to repress Uyghurs is being marketed in Britain’,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5E8KZQDT,2022-12-04T17:08:11.000Z,"Alex Hern, Alex Hern UK technology editor",,The Guardian,2022-12-04T22:55:57Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7680,How has public intelligence transformed the way this war has been reported? | Feature from King's College London,Blog post,https://www.kcl.ac.uk/how-has-public-intelligence-transformed-the-way-this-war-has-been-reported,HUW DYLAN: The use of public intelligence in the war has been unprecedented in its scale.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AADGQAWZ,01 March 2022,Huw Dylan,,,2022-03-01T13:32:30Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7681,On the (F)utility of War,Blog post,https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/futility-war-david-v-gioe-ph-d-,"Now, it seems, would be a good time to revisit the purpose and utility of war. Russian President Vladimir Putin seems to think that his security concerns can be resolved through the aggressive application of military force against Ukraine.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V6MNRF7G,01 March 2022,David V. Gioe,,,2022-03-01T18:19:59Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7682,What a 1904 War Can Teach Vladimir Putin,Blog post,https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/06/russia-war-ukraine-japan/661312/,"The Russo-Japanese War led not just to an immediate revolution, but to deeper and longer-lasting change years later.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KWKJKZKM,2022-06-23T10:00:00Z,David Gioe,,,2022-12-21T13:47:46Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7683,"Multiple Approach Paths to Insider Threat (MAP-IT): Intentional, Ambivalent and Unintentional Insider Threats",Journal article,https://citrap.scholasticahq.com/article/37117-multiple-approach-paths-to-insider-threat-map-it-intentional-ambivalent-and-unintentional-insider-threats,"Insider threats (InT) are a growing concern for private and public institutions, resulting in a shift of emphasis from perimeter-based defences to internal detection mechanisms. Many approaches that address InT assume that these are pathological behaviors, perpetrated by misanthropic ‘malicious insiders’. We present a novel interdisciplinary framework (Multiple Approach Paths to Insider Threat, or MAP-IT) that emphasizes the importance of both individual motivation and social context. Rather than assuming InTs reflect a homogenous ill-intentioned group of individuals that deviate from organizational norms, we consider the importance of general social psychological and personality factors for detecting and responding to InT, especially within the Western intelligence and security context. MAP-IT is based on the premise that InTs can be separated into three motivational pathways (intentional, unintentional, or ambivalent) and that the intentional pathway can be further subdivided into prosocial, asocial, and antisocial motivation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A3XQX6GU,2022/8/2,"Jordan Richard Schoenherr, Kristoffer Lilja-Lolax, David Gioe",,Counter-Insider Threat Research and Practice,2022-12-21T13:45:02Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7684,The Rise of ISIS as a Partial Surprise: An Open-Source Analysis on the Threat Evolution and Early Warnings in the United Kingdom,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2095543,"Was the emergence of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) as a regional and global threat a strategic surprise? If so, what made it so difficult to anticipate? Based on an open-source analysis about developments in Syria and Iraq between April 2013 and June 2014, this article’s main argument is that ISIS’ rise to power was a partial surprise. Namely, specialists were aware of the broader long-term developments that led to ISIS’ rise to power but were surprised by the short-term elements that led to its fast surge. This article is the first systematic analysis of the local, regional, and international developments related to ISIS’ surge through the lens of UK quality media and nongovernmental organization reporting. By advancing knowledge of how terrorist movements emerge and at what point analysts identify them as threats, this article advances our understanding of early warnings related to a terrorist threat and what possibilities there are to counter it early on.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q5CHRSRK,2022-08-10,Aviva Guttmann,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-12-21T13:44:14Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2095543,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4292565547,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4292565547,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2095543,1.0 7685,"The Psychology Of Spies And Spying: Trust, treason, treachery",Book,https://www.troubador.co.uk/bookshop/history-politics-society/the-psychology-of-spies-and-spying/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AI6DK3QF,28 June 2022,"Adrian Furnham, John Taylor",Troubador,,2022-12-21T13:39:36Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7686,Putin’s KGB past didn’t help him with intelligence on Ukraine,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2022/03/17/putins-kgb-past-didnt-help-him-with-intelligence-ukraine/,The botched invasion suggests that — as happens with many authoritarians — his analysts told him what he wanted to hear,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NIVNR8MI,17 March 2022,"David V. Gioe, Huw Dylan",,Washington Post,2022-03-17T18:53:33Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7687,The rise of cyber power in Brazil,Journal article,http://www.scielo.br/j/rbpi/a/gCyg54zVhCVm35jm6n7VPnw/?lang=en,"Abstract The advent of cyber power in inter-state competition is frequently addressed in academic literature skewed towards global powers, commonly overlooking regional powers. The article addresses this gap by investigating how cyber power is conceived and implemented by Brazilian Governmental actors. It draws on the analysis of primary data concerning Brazil’s policy documentation and institutional framework. The article begins with a broader view of cyber power and investigates its relationship with cyber defense and security, illuminating the current Brazilian understanding of cyber power as an operational tool within the military sphere.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RHXT5FL7,2022-09-19,"Joe Devanny, Luiz Rogério Franco Goldoni, Breno Pauli Medeiros",Centro de Estudos Globais da Universidade de Brasília,Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional,2022-12-21T09:07:33Z,"['8XXD789V', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1590/0034-7329202200113,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4296376625,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4296376625,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7329202200113,1.0 7688,Cyberspace and the conflict in Ukraine: a provisional assessment,Blog post,https://ukandeu.ac.uk/cyberspace-conflict-in-ukraine/,Joe Devanny explores the significance of cyberspace security in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4CRWVXDW,2022-04-15T09:00:22+00:00,Joseph Devanny,,,2022-12-21T08:56:38Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7689,Strategy in an Uncertain Domain: Threat and Response in Cyberspace,Journal article,https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol15/iss2/3,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BBSGUMGR,2022-07-01,"Joe Devanny, Luiz Goldoni, Breno Medeiros",,Journal of Strategic Security,2022-12-21T08:55:06Z,['8XXD789V'],https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.2.1954,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4385961406,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385961406,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1954&context=jss,1.0 7690,Cyber Risk: Hyperconnectivity and the Political Economy of Uncertainty,Conference paper,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/cyber-risk-hyperconnectivity-and-the-political-economy-of-uncertainty(2777a97d-7212-442d-a992-bfbf8e096acc).html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4JZ8BS7L,2022/06/16,Tim Stevens,,,2022-12-21T08:48:25Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7691,Clarifying Responsible Cyber Power: Developing Views in the U.K. Regarding Non-intervention and Peacetime Cyber Operations,Blog post,https://www.lawfareblog.com/clarifying-responsible-cyber-power-developing-views-uk-regarding-non-intervention-and-peacetime,"A response to a previous Lawfare article on the U.K.’s cyber strategy, emphasizing the need to develop a nuanced, incremental development of that strategy over time",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LMNWXQSE,2022-10-13T08:30:57-04:00,"Russell Buchan, Joe Devanny",,,2022-12-21T08:46:58Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7692,Intelligence and culture: an introduction,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065610,"This special issue presents a breadth of scholarly work on the relationship between intelligence and culture. There are several cultural pathways to approach intelligence – the culture of intelligence, being the internal culture of intelligence bodies; intelligence and culture, being how the intelligence community works outwardly with cultures; and intelligence in culture, considering how intelligence is portrayed outside of its own community. This collection of papers covers themes of technological change, language and education, theatre, and literature, all covering a range of historical periods and nationalities that together form a well-rounded and comprehensive understanding of culture in intelligence studies.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4CSZ8YF,2022-06-07,"Charlotte Yelamos, Michael S. Goodman, Mark Stout",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-21T08:45:07Z,['NWAKWPT7'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2065610,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4225316124,7.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4225316124,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/8fc4fce9-d5df-4a19-9a2b-54b44888c234,1.0 7693,American Covert Action and Diplomacy after 9/11,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2022.2062133,"The relationship between American diplomats and intelligence officers has always been complex. The focus of American foreign policy and national security on counterterrorism efforts in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks further shaped the dynamic between diplomats and intelligence officers in the field as well as their respective roles. The tension between diplomacy and covert action as policy-implementing tools was largely resolved to the benefit of the latter. Consequently, a new status quo emerged. Intelligence officers took a leading role in policy-implementation efforts through covert action, whilst the role of diplomats in the field evolved in line with counterterrorism-driven foreign policy and national security needs. This analysis introduces a new typology of diplomats in the twenty-first century, contrasting the multifaceted diplomatic activists, who advanced counterterrorism-driven diplomacy, against the traditionalists seeing this new diplomacy as bellicose and against American national interests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RZA8Q8NJ,2022-04-03,Magda Long,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2022-12-21T08:43:31Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/09592296.2022.2062133,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281846120,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281846120,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09592296.2022.2062133?needAccess=true,1.0 7694,Open Secrets: Ukraine and the Next Intelligence Revolution,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/open-secrets-ukraine-intelligence-revolution-amy-zegart,Ukraine and the next intelligence revolution.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WSIGFB24,2022-12-20T00:00:00-05:00,Amy Zegart,,Foreign Affairs,2022-12-20T23:51:51Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7695,British photographic intelligence during the Second World War : a study of Operation Crossbow,Thesis,http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22046,"In 2013 the candidate published Operation Crossbow: The Untold Story of Photographic Intelligence and the Search for Hitler’s V Weapons. Through a detailed examination of the relevant primary sources – including aerial photography recently released to the National Collection of Aerial Photography in Edinburgh - this book investigates the role of British photographic interpretation in the hunt for German V-weapons during Operation Crossbow. In so doing, it provides a wealth of information on such matters as the wartime development of photographic interpretation, the techniques used by the interpreters, the personalities involved, the significance of photographic intelligence to the operation, and the wider politics of wartime intelligence. In particular, it contests some of the claims made by R. V. Jones in his memoir, Most Secret War (1978), about the role of photographic interpretation in the Crossbow investigation. It also demonstrates the wider importance of photographic intelligence in the British military history of the war and offers some explanation as to why this has become a ‘missing dimension’ of wartime intelligence studies. The critical review seeks to provide an academic superstructure for the book, which was intended for a general readership, and demonstrates that the research included therein is commensurate with that required for a PhD.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T375SEC9,2016,Allan Robert Williams,,,2022-12-20T22:04:58Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,PhD Thesis,University of Edinburgh,,,,,,,,, 7696,"British intelligence and the Arab revolt in the Hejaz, 1914-1917",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=23&uin=uk.bl.ethos.615820,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EF3SCKKA,2004,Paula Alice Mohs,,,2022-12-20T21:59:47Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7697,British intelligence in the Peninsular War,Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=2&uin=uk.bl.ethos.436304,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EJK4HIDZ,2006,Huw John Davies,,,2022-12-20T21:55:15Z,['8XA7D88D'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Exeter,,,,,,,,, 7698,Estimative Intelligence in European Foreign Policymaking: Learning Lessons from an Era of Surprise,Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-estimative-intelligence-in-european-foreign-policymaking.html,"The first comparative study of estimative intelligence and strategic surprise in a European context, complementing and testing insights from previous studies centred on the United States",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FHQEEXDH,2022,"Christoph Meyer, Eva Michaels, Nikki Ikani, Aviva Guttmann, Michael S. Goodman",Edinburgh University Press,,2022-12-20T21:25:06Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7699,Intelligence and the development of British grand strategy in the First World War,Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=31&uin=uk.bl.ethos.609487,Intelligence service--Great Britain--History--20th century ; World War ; 1914-1918--Military intelligence--Great Britain ; Strategy ; World War ; 1914-1918--Great Britain,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WSWAXMRQ,2011,Kieran Martin West,,,2022-12-20T17:33:25Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Cambridge,,,,,,,,, 7700,"German naval intelligence and British counter-espionage, 1901-1918.",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=16&uin=uk.bl.ethos.369596,History,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4XN8ZTHS,2001,Thomas Boghardt,,,2022-12-20T17:31:00Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Oxford,,,,,,,,, 7701,Guarding the guardians : the evolution of parliamentary oversight of British intelligence,Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=19&uin=uk.bl.ethos.435262,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/887QEH4J,2003,Marc Bryant Davies,,,2022-12-20T17:30:17Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,PhD Thesis,"University of Wales, Aberystwyth,",,,,,,,,, 7702,"British intelligence and the German army, 1914-1918",Thesis,https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=17&uin=uk.bl.ethos.416459,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y5HV9BMU,2005,James Michael Beach,,,2022-12-20T17:20:24Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,PhD Thesis,University College London (University of London),,,,,,,,, 7703,"Russia’s Wartime Cyber Operations in Ukraine: Military Impacts, Influences, and Implications",Report,https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/12/16/russia-s-wartime-cyber-operations-in-ukraine-military-impacts-influences-and-implications-pub-88657,"Russia’s cyber operations in Ukraine have apparently not had much military impact. This was probably for a multitude of reasons: Russia’s offensive limitations, as well as the defensive efforts of Ukraine and its partners; the particular context of this war, as well as structural features of cyberspace and warfare generally.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q4ET57SN,16 December 2022,Jon Bateman,,,2022-12-20T14:47:18Z,"['8XXD789V', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7704,Asian American Spies: How Asian Americans Helped Win the Allied Victory,Book,https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195338850.001.0001,"A recovery of the vital role Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Americans played in US intelligence services in Asia during World War II. Spies deep behind enemy lines; double agents; a Chinese American James Bond; black propaganda radio broadcasters; guerrilla fighters; pirates; smugglers; prostitutes and dancers as spies; and Asian Americans collaborating with Axis Powers. All these colorful individuals form the story of Asian Americans in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the forerunner of today's CIA. Brian Masaru Hayashi brings to light for the first time the role played by Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Americans in America's first centralized intelligence agency in its fight against the Imperial Japanese forces in east Asia during World War II. They served deep behind enemy lines gathering intelligence for American and Chinese troops locked in a desperate struggle against Imperial Japanese forces on the Asian continent. Other Asian Americans produced and disseminated statements by bogus peace groups inside the Japanese empire to weaken the fighting resolve of the Japanese. Still others served with guerrilla forces attacking enemy supply and communication lines behind enemy lines. Engaged in this deadly conflict, these Asian Americans agents encountered pirates, smugglers, prostitutes, and dancers serving as the enemy's spies, all the while being subverted from within the OSS by a double agent and without by co-ethnic collaborators in wartime Shanghai. Drawing on recently declassified documents, Asian American Spies challenges the romanticized and stereotyped image of these Chinese, Japanese, and Korean American agents—the Model Minority-while offering a fresh perspective on the Allied victory in the Pacific Theater of World War II.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JXKHIUAG,2021-10-14,Brian Masaru Hayashi,Oxford University Press,,2022-12-20T09:28:21Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7705,Cold War Frequencies: CIA Clandestine Radio Broadcasting to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,Book,https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/cold-war-frequencies/,"Published for the first time, the history of the CIA’s clandestine short-wave radio broadcasts to Eastern Europe and the USSR during the early Cold War is covered in-depth. Chapters describe the “gray” broadcasting of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty in Munich; clandestine or “black” radio broadcasts from Radio Nacional de Espana in Madrid to Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine; transmissions to Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Ukraine and the USSR from a secret site near Athens; and broadcasts to Byelorussia and Slovakia. Infiltrated behind the Iron Curtain through dangerous air drops and boat landings, CIA and other intelligence service agents faced counterespionage, kidnapping, assassination, arrest and imprisonment. Excerpts from broadcasts taken from monitoring reports of Eastern Europe intelligence agencies are included.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7GAPCKI8,2021,Richard H. Cummings,McFarland,,2022-12-20T09:06:22Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7706,Rise of Open-Source Intelligence Tests U.S. Spies,Newspaper article,https://www.wsj.com/articles/rise-of-open-source-intelligence-tests-u-s-spies-11670710806,Efforts to harness the power of publicly available data by U.S. intelligence agencies remain underfunded and outpaced by China’s “immense enterprise.”,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YB6FVM6A,11 December 2022,Warren P. Strobel,,WSJ,2022-12-19T15:22:20Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7707,Ukraine’s Secret Weapon Is Ordinary People Spying on Russian Forces,Newspaper article,https://www.wsj.com/articles/ukraines-secret-weapon-is-ordinary-people-spying-on-russian-forces-11671012147,"Locals helped Ukraine target troops occupying Kherson, highlighting one of Kyiv’s advantages in the war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7NQAXJD,14 December 2022,Matthew Luxmoore,,WSJ,2022-12-14T20:10:11Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7708,John le Carré’s The Looking Glass War: imagining the Special Operations Executive – Secret Intelligence Service rivalry as post-war counterfactual history,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2151756,"Published in 1965, John le Carré’s The Looking Glass War was met with little of the acclaim given to its predecessor, The Spy Who Came in from the Cold. In this article, I propose an alternative reading of the novel, suggesting that it is embroiled in long-running debates within the British intelligence community, specifically the rivalry that occurred between the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the Secret Intelligence Service in WW2. Through this, this article explores how le Carré’s novel drew on SOE source material, and how it became part of the wider contest over post-war perceptions of the SOE.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EFKEPZAH,2022-12-13,James Smith,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-14T12:16:57Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2151756,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4311317379,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4311317379,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2151756?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 7709,Human-Machine Teaming in Intelligence Analysis,Report,https://cetas.turing.ac.uk/publications/human-machine-teaming-intelligence-analysis,This report presents the findings of a CETaS research project examining the use of machine learning (ML) for intelligence analysis within the UK national sec,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GIYUPC4Z,December 2022,"Anna Knack, Richard Carter, Alexander Babuta",,,2022-12-13T17:26:08Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'E5UVWK8S']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7710,Twitter thread on the new ISC report,Forum post,https://twitter.com/Sandbagger_01/status/1602646045799989250,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PFBRSRQA,2022-12-13T12:46Z,Dan Lomas,,,2022-12-13T16:10:27Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7711,Twitter thread on the new ISC report,Forum post,https://twitter.com/shashj/status/1602684705517748225,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KXZ8MC5D,2022-12-13T15:19Z,Shashank Joshi,,,2022-12-13T16:05:18Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7712,Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament: Annual Report 2021–2022,Report,https://isc.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ISC-Annual-Report-2021%E2%80%932022.pdf,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QSJIXRJY,13 December 2022,Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament,,,2022-12-13T16:00:10Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7713,Signals Intelligence,Book chapter,https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203762721.ch8,"Cover -- Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of illustrations -- Notes on contributors -- Preface -- Part I The evolution of intelligence studies -- 1 The development of intelligence studies -- Part II Abstract approaches to intelligence -- 2 Theories of intelligence: the state of play -- 3 Cultures of national intelligence -- 4 The theory and philosophy of intelligence -- 5 Strategists and intelligence -- 6 The cycle of intelligence -- 7 The evolving craft of intelligence -- Part III Historical approaches to intelligence, 8 Signals intelligence -- 9 Human intelligence -- 10 Economic intelligence -- 11 Measurement and signature intelligence -- 12 Open source intelligence -- Part IV Systems of intelligence -- 13 The United Kingdom -- 14 The United States -- 15 Canada -- 16 Australia -- 17 France -- 18 India -- 19 China -- 20 Japan -- 21 Israel -- 22 Germany -- 23 Russia -- 24 Spain -- Part V Contemporary challenges -- 25 Counterterrorism and intelligence -- 26 Cybersecurity -- 27 Globalisation and borders -- 28 Weapons of mass destruction -- 29 Energy and food security -- 30 Intelligence sharing, 31 Communications, privacy and identity -- 32 Intelligence oversight and accountability -- 33 Organised crime -- References -- Index, The Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies provides a broad overview of the growing field of intelligence studies.The recent growth of interest in intelligence and security studies has led to an increased demand for popular depictions of intelligence and reference works to explain the architecture and underpinnings of intelligence activity. Divided into five comprehensive sections, this Companion provides a strong survey of the cutting-edge research in the field of intelligence studies:Part I: The evolution of intelligence studies;Part II: Abstract approaches to intelligence;Part III: Historical approaches to intelligence;Part IV: Systems of intelligence;Part V: Contemporary challenges.With a broad focus on the origins, practices and nature of intelligence, the book not only addresses classical issues, but also examines topics of recent interest in security studies. The overarching aim is to reveal the rich tapestry of intelligence studies in both a sophisticated and accessible way. This Companion will be essential reading for students of intelligence studies and strategic studies, and highly recommended for students of defence studies, foreign policy, Cold War studies, diplomacy and international relations in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JQ7RL3W5,2013,Julian Richards,Taylor and Francis,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'T92JK7A5', 'TLFN4NAL']",,Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7714,Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy,Book,https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/intelligence/book268258,From Secrets to Policy,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LG5IH8H2,2022-12-08T05:59:27+00:00,Mark M. Lowenthal,SAGE Publishing,,2022-12-11T23:19:27Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7715,How to Stage a Coup: and ten other lessons from the world of secret statecraft,Book,https://atlantic-books.co.uk/book/how-to-stage-a-coup/,‘A compelling history of the dark arts of statecraft… Fascinating’ Jonathan Rugman ‘Rich in anecdote and detail.’ The TimesToday’s world is in flux. Competition between the great powers is back on the agenda and governments around the world are turning to secret statecraft and the hidden hand to navigate these uncertain waters. From poisonings to […],https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G66XWV8D,2022,Rory Cormac,Atlantic Books,,2022-12-10T10:08:24Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7716,Rome confidential: deception and espionage in the British Embassy,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2098550,"From 1924 until 1940, two chancery servants at the British Embassy in Rome, passed confidential documents to Italian and Soviet intelligence, and gave Rome and Moscow the ability to read British coded material for a long time. Based on a critical analysis of unpublished archival sources, this article seeks to reconstruct their spying activities and understand their place in the history of intelligence, and to provide an assessment of the prevailing Foreign Office security arrangements. It concludes that poor employment practices and security arrangements at the British Embassy in Rome allowed them to pull off a major espionage coup.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SRAP4XL7,2022-07-09,Massimiliano Fiore,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-10T10:07:00Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2098550,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4284970175,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4284970175,2025.0,2025.0,2022.0,,3.0 7717,The Academic-Practitioner Divide in Intelligence Studies,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538144466/The-Academic-Practitioner-Divide-in-Intelligence-Studies,"The profession of intelligence and those delivering intelligence education share a common aim of developing intelligence as a discipline. However, this shared interest must also navigate the exist...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BGVJ2AFF,2022,"Rubén Arcos, Nicole K. Drumhiller, Mark Phythian",Rowman & Littlefield Publishers,,2022-12-10T10:03:09Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'HCN8YFI8']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7718,The best of both worlds? a hybrid approach to intelligence and research,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2137152,"The article argues that “research-in-support” of intelligence represents a hybrid between intelligence and social science research, approaching issues relevant to decision makers, but addressing them with the instruments of social science research. First, the two concepts are delineated and their differences drawn out. Then, the possible ways in which the relationship between research and intelligence have been conceptualized are critiqued. Further, the paper presents and exemplifies the idea of “research-in-support” of intelligence and argues for its usefulness in improving the way intelligence organizations function.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YX7FCYS3,2022-11-03,Valentin Stoian,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-10T09:28:59Z,['TDUVX2TF'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2137152,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4308485465,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4308485465,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,,1.0 7719,Security Empire: The Secret Police in Communist Eastern Europe,Book,https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300242577/security-empire,"A compelling examination of the establishment of the secret police in Communist Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Eastern Germany This book examines the history...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PHUZCWCA,2020,Molly Pucci,Yale University Press,,2022-12-10T09:18:17Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7720,“An Asymmetric Doubling”: A Nonstate Actor Using the Method of Doubling Sources—Hamas against Israeli Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2104054,"As part of its intelligence warfare against Israel, Hamas made the identification and targeting of collaborators with Israel a top priority. During those years, the Hamas practice was to apply different degrees of detention and torture of those suspected of collaborating. However, in some cases, Hamas chose a different tactic of exploiting collaborators to transform a threat into an opportunity. Hamas turned some collaborators into double agents, using them to advance its objectives. This article examines some of the doubling operations carried out by Hamas on Israeli collaborators over the last three decades. Examining these cases reveal how Hamas’s doubling methods developed over time, concurrently with the movement’s evolution. Thus, the doubling operations became more organized and sophisticated, being used for propaganda and deterrence purposes as well as other goals. The article explores an interesting aspect of Hamas’s counterintelligence activity in its struggle against the state of Israel. In addition, it sheds light on how a nonstate organization can use doubling of sources as part of its asymmetric war against a state.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELS98FQ8,2023-01-02,Netanel Flamer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-12-09T18:02:08Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2104054,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4292210676,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4292210676,2023.0,2023.0,2022.0,,1.0 7721,Privatizing Civil Society: Outsourcing Governance in John le Carré’s post-Cold War Novels,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2151760,"John le Carré’s post-Cold War novels investigate the effects of the disinvestment in Euro-American civil societies and the diminishing justifications for securing democracy and the ‘free world’. As privatization and outsourcing function as primary techniques of ‘good governance’ in many western nations, security studies has offered numerous analyses of this phenomenon, particularly with the privatisation of military force in light of the GWOT. By putting contributions in security studies in dialogue with le Carré’s post-Cold War novels, I argue that le Carré’s post-Cold War novels explore how outsourcing war strategies during the Cold War become essential components of statecraft and security during the neoliberal moment when economic national security dominates in the face of the loss of clear sovereign enemies and state actors. Specifically, le Carré’s post-Cold War novels dramatise critically how market-driven security works between national or international legal orders, particularly in colonial and neocolonial contexts. I conclude that le Carré’s novels reveal an important ethical function for literature in modelling speculative scenarios for reflection on intelligence, security, and transformations in sovereignty while this paradoxical reality unfolds",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2R99X2GW,2022-12-09,J. Paul Narkunas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-09T17:39:31Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2151760,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4311975211,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7722,Bletchley Park,Webpage,https://bletchleypark.org.uk/,"Bletchley Park, once the top-secret home of the World War Two Codebreakers, is now a vibrant heritage attraction in Milton Keynes, open daily to visitors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UFCG2WL8,,,,,2021-02-18T11:12:40Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7723,"The Literature of Intelligence: A Bibliography of Materials, with Essays, Reviews, and Comments",Webpage,http://intellit.muskingum.edu/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VKMP5QQF,,Ransom Clark,,,2022-12-05T08:57:58Z,['CN9F5URY'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7724,How the Global Spyware Industry Spiraled Out of Control,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/08/us/politics/spyware-nso-pegasus-paragon.html,The market for commercial spyware — which allows governments to invade mobile phones and vacuum up data — is booming. Even the U.S. government is using it.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P9QAH7E2,2022-12-08,"Mark Mazzetti, Ronen Bergman, Matina Stevis-Gridneff",,The New York Times,2022-12-08T20:10:45Z,['28B8SB3Y'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7725,A Spy Among Friends review – don’t take your eyes off this star-packed espionage thriller,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/dec/08/a-spy-among-friends-review-dont-take-your-eyes-off-this-star-packed-espionage-thriller,"Guy Pearce is a charismatic traitor, Damian Lewis is an enigma and Anna Maxwell Martin carries along a fabulous drama that’s full of excitement – if a tad stuffy",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BNXQGMQH,2022-12-08T06:00:48.000Z,Rebecca Nicholson,,The Guardian,2022-12-08T12:54:06Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7726,The secret lives of MI6’s top female spies,Newspaper article,,"For the first time ever, SIS officers reveal why women often make the best spies for our times",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/38AE6EYH,2022-12-08,Helen Warrell,,Financial Times,2022-12-08T12:43:44Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7727,God's Spies: The Stasi's Cold War Espionage Campaign Inside the Church,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PAGNBW3C,2019,Elisabeth Braw,Eerdmans Publishing Company,,2022-12-08T11:27:37Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7728,John le Carré’s southern turn: British intelligence and degenerative satire in post-cold war Latin America and Africa,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2022.2151758,"This article argues John le Carré’s post-Cold War novels set in Latin America and Africa depart from his earlier narratives by embracing southern attitudes, by discarding his ambiguity toward British intelligence and by critiquing UK foreign relations through the literary strategies of irony and satire. This is elaborated through an evaluation of The Night Manager, The Tailor of Panama and The Mission Song. These stories highlight le Carré’s satirical approach to deny legitimacy to British interventions in the post-Cold War Global South. The conclusion explains the importance of le Carré to intelligence studies and the fact-vs.-fiction debate.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KVUT8S24,2022-12-07,"James Lockhart, Micah Robbins",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-07T13:39:54Z,['9YH9YSYQ'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2151758,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4311785921,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7729,Profiles in intelligence: an interview with Gill Bennett,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684527.2022.2148198,"Published in Intelligence and National Security (Ahead of Print, 2022)",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CAYCKK8W,7 Dec 2022,Daniel W. B. Lomas,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-07T13:36:47Z,"['2Y7S43YJ', 'MP7FJ9UA']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7730,Hitler's Spy Against Churchill,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Hitlers-Spy-Against-Churchill-Hardback/p/21338,"From the summer of 1940 until May 1941, nearly twenty German Abwehr agents were dropped by boat or parachute into England during what was known…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TPINBNY4,2022-05-06,Jan-Willem van den Braak,Pen and Sword,,2022-12-07T12:18:38Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7731,We Never Expected That: A Comparative Study of Failures in National and Business Intelligence,Book,https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781793619884/We-Never-Expected-That-A-Comparative-Study-of-Failures-in-National-and-Business-Intelligence,"We Never Expected That: A Comparative Study of Failures in National and Business Intelligence focuses on a comparison between how states, through their intelligence organizations, cope with strategic surprises and how business organizations deal with unexpected movement in their field. Based on this comparison, the author proposes a new model which can better address the challenge of avoiding strategic surprises. This book can contribute significantly to the study of intelligence, which will become more influential in the coming years.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V4YW4VTK,2021,Avner Barnea,Rowman & Littlefield,,2022-12-07T12:09:25Z,['D7XFV7JL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7732,War Room podcasts - Intelligence,Podcast,https://warroom.armywarcollege.edu/category/special-series/intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UVYMQZGA,,,,,2022-12-07T10:01:02Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7733,Democratised and declassified: the era of social media war is here,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/democratised-and-declassified-the-era-of-social-media-war-is-here/,"The implications of democratised intelligence analysis, as seen in Ukraine, will shape future conflicts.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P6QQPP8R,24 October 2022,David V. Gioe,,,2022-12-06T22:25:08Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7734,Project Spaceman: early British computer security and automatic data processing,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2139342,"Much has been written about the prehistory of ‘cyber’ and computer security in the United States, but we know less about other countries. This essay seeks to examine early British efforts in this field and especially attacks by ‘Tiger Teams’ against ICL mainframe computers that were being deployed by MI5 and other agencies. Over 2 years, a sophisticated programme was completed. It argues that a severe expertise shortage ensured a degree of convergence and later outsourcing to ICL. This pioneering work also paved the way for ‘Project Spaceman’ which offered government highly secure options together with encryption in the mid-1980s.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LJMU6PKH,2022-11-10,"Richard J Aldrich, JD Work",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-06T16:57:40Z,"['8XXD789V', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2139342,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4308694354,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2139342?needAccess=true&role=button, 7735,Intelligence and National Security: A Reference Handbook,Book,https://www.abc-clio.com/products/c9894c/,"This reference work surveys the history of American intelligence gathering, analysis, and dissemenation. Clark focuses on the impact that the ongoing evolution of the national security state has had on the intelligence apparatus in the U.S.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/J25VLRSV,2007,Ransom Clark,Praeger,,2022-12-06T14:35:45Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7736,American Covert Operations: A Guide to the Issues,Book,https://www.abc-clio.com/products/a2721c/,"Long before the creation of the CIA, the American government utilized special intelligence strategies with varying degrees of success. Even though critics throughout time have questioned the effectiveness and legitimacy of these tactics, presidents from George Washington to Barack Obama have employed secret operations to benefit the nation’s best interest. This book follows America’s history of intelligence gathering, undercover operations, and irregular warfare. Through chronologically organized chapters, the author examines secret military maneuvers, highlighting the elements common to covert and special operations across historical eras, and concluding with a chapter on national security since the attacks of September 11, 2001.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EMB8TT97,2015,Ransom Clark,Praeger,,2022-12-06T14:26:29Z,['B6RJNLTK'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7737,"Intelligence: The Secret World of Spies, An Anthology",Book,//global.oup.com/ushe/product/intelligence-the-secret-world-of-spies-an-anthology-9780190854829,"Intelligence: The Secret World of Spies--An Anthology, is the most up-to-date reader in intelligence studies. Editors Loch K. Johnson and James J. Wirtz present a diverse, comprehensive, and highly accessible set of thirty-three readings by leading experts in the field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GS4MWL2M,2018,"Loch K. Johnson, James J. Wirtz",Oxford University Press,,2022-12-06T08:47:03Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7738,Intelligence and National Security: The National Security Problematique,Book chapter,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53494-3_15,"This chapter examines intelligence as an aspect of national security. While intelligence has always played a role in effective national security policy, recent controversies such as the revelations by Edward Snowden about global and domestic surveillance programmes, have made it an area of intense public interest and concern. In order to understand what intelligence does, the chapter provides an overview of the intelligence cycle as this provides a more detailed understanding of the different steps that are involved in effective intelligence, giving us an opportunity to better appraise the role that intelligence plays in national security policy. The chapter then looks at what roles organisational structure, intelligence gaps and failures, and the politicisation of intelligence play in the greater national security context. The overall proposition of the chapter is that by giving clarity on the intelligence cycle and its larger context, we are in a better position to understand the role that intelligence plays in ongoing national security discussions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DIMDWLWY,2022,Paul Burke,Springer International Publishing,,2022-12-05T21:16:56Z,['HCN8YFI8'],10.1007/978-3-030-53494-3_15,The Palgrave Handbook of National Security,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3204341697,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3204341697,2024.0,2025.0,2021.0,,3.0 7739,The Recruiter: Spying and the Lost Art of American Intelligence,Book,https://www.hachettebooks.com/titles/douglas-london/the-recruiter/9780306847325/,This revealing memoir from a 34-year veteran of the CIA who worked as a case officer and recruiter of foreign agents before and after 9/11 provides an invalu...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6JCUZWZX,2021-01-05T08:20:15+00:00,Douglas London,Hachette Books,,2022-12-05T21:11:19Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'ZMVDB8A2']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7740,The Bridge in the Parks: The Five Eyes and Cold War Counter-Intelligence,Book,https://utorontopress.com/9781487523718/the-bridge-in-the-parks,"Established in the 1940s, the Five Eyes intelligence network consists of Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. The alliance was int...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/K8FLQA65,2021,Dennis G. Molinaro,University of Toronto Press,,2022-12-05T21:05:57Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7741,"Spies, Lies, and Algorithms: The History and Future of American Intelligence",Book,https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691147130/spies-lies-and-algorithms,"A riveting account of espionage for the digital age, from one of America’s leading intelligence experts",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B78HQEXX,2022,Amy B. Zegart,Princeton University Press,,2022-12-05T10:14:32Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7742,Intelligence studies network - Secondary sources,Webpage,https://www.intelligencenetwork.org/secondary-sources,"This website uses Zotero to list different sources. When you click subfolders, you will see a list of publications and a link to the relevant Zotero page. If you click the Zotero page link, you will be directed to the external Zotero group library. The entire group library can be found here:",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4BRVDULR,,,,,2022-12-05T08:59:48Z,['CN9F5URY'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7743,Intelligence bibliography website,Webpage,https://intelligence-bibliography.streamlit.app/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IRGG3GNE,,,,,2022-12-03T14:43:21Z,['CN9F5URY'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7744,"Blond Queens, Red Spiders, and Neurotic Old Maids: Gender and Espionage in the Early Cold War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000222939,"Many books have been written about the male spies of the early Cold War, but the women have not received nearly as much attention. In part, this is because journalists at the time reduced these women to gender stereotypes and portrayed them as neurotic old maids or svelte young seductresses. This article examines the cases of Elizabeth Bentley, Priscilla Hiss, Ethel Rosenberg, and Judith Coplon. It analyzes the gender constructions used in the media coverage of these women, and argues that exploring these constructions is crucial to understanding the significance of these cases.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XH5ZRH6E,2004-03-01,Kathryn S Olmsted,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-12-03T14:34:15Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/0268452042000222939,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2042237483,12.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2042237483,2014.0,2025.0,2004.0,,10.0 7745,"A CEO’s Brief Guide to Intelligence: ""Not Just for Three-Letter Agencies""",Magazine article,https://www.thecipherbrief.com/ceos-brief-guide-intelligence-not-just-three-letter-agencies,"Presidents and generals depend upon timely intelligence to shape their decisions in a world of ambiguity, hostile actors and disinformation. The savviest leaders in the [...] More",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M247NNXF,2018-03-09T05:01:50+00:00,Paul R. Kolbe,,The Cipher Brief,2022-12-03T11:37:04Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7746,Transatlantic intelligence and security cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2004.00413.x,"Despite recent advances in transatlantic intelligence and security cooperation, significant problems remain. The bombings in Madrid in March 2004 have demonstrated how terrorists and criminals can continue to exploit the limits of hesitant or partial exchange to dangerous effect. Intelligence and security cooperation remain problematic because of the fundamental tension between an increasingly networked world, which is ideal terrain for the new religious terrorism, and highly compartmentalized national intelligence gathering. If cooperation is to improve, we require a better mutual understanding about the relationship between privacy and security to help us decide what sort of intelligence should be shared. This is a higher priority than building elaborate new structures. While most practical problems of intelligence exchange are ultimately resolvable, the challenge of agreeing what the intelligence means in broad terms is even more problematic. The last section of this article argues that shared NATO intelligence estimates would be difficult to achieve and of doubtful value.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TEFKGV84,2004-07-01,Richard J. Aldrich,,International Affairs,2022-12-02T23:10:31Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1111/j.1468-2346.2004.00413.x,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2013784696,82.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2013784696,2012.0,2026.0,2004.0,,8.0 7747,"Former Nazis in German Intelligence Politics: The Exposure of Moles and Reckless Decision Making, 1959–1962",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2104056,"The early history of the postwar West German foreign intelligence service is replete with accounts of former Nazi security officers who were recruited by the newly founded service thanks to their professional experience, connections, and anti-Soviet credentials, only to later be exposed as Soviet moles. Focusing on the case of Heinz Felfe, this article puts forward the argument that the reaction of a secret service to the impending exposure of moles can be even more harmful than their actual activity. Enemy moles in intelligence organizations are dangerous in more than one way. They cause damage, of course, when they operate in the dark, but also cause just as much, and even more, damage when exposed. The fear of public scandal incentivizes irrational behavior, aggravating rather than decreasing the dangers facing the service.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GLQXAXGW,2023-01-02,Danny Orbach,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-12-02T09:25:01Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2104056,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293068354,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7748,"Hitler's shadow : Nazi war criminals, U.S. intelligence, and the Cold War",Book,https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/22078,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5I46G9XC,10 December 2010,"Richard Breitman, Norman J.W. Goda",the National Archives,,2022-11-28T07:43:02Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7749,Culture in Intelligence Studies,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-8.xml,"As a result of its many meanings, various ""cultural"" subjects and approaches in the field of intelligence studies have proliferated. This chapter describes the various types of ""cultural"" study that exist within intelligence studies. It introduces the reader to the intellectual traditions from which they have emerged, and indicates some of the new ways of thinking about ""culture"" and intelligence in recent scholarship. These include: (1) organizational cultures, (2) strategic culture (3) elite culture, (4) culture as propaganda, and (5) cultural representations of intelligence in popular discourse.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LER7NNCN,2022/11/04,Simon Willmetts,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-30T11:27:47Z,"['HCN8YFI8', 'NWAKWPT7']",,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7750,Global Intelligence Studies,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-14.xml,"This chapter examines the globalisation of intelligence studies and intelligence scholarship. It begins by underlining that intelligence is a global phenomenon, but that local factors are key drives for the development of particular intelligence organisations, activities, and cultures. The broad base of intelligence scholarship has, however, largely been built upon western organisations - and largely Anglocentric - organisations, activities, and perspectives. This has, largely, been due to access. But this is changing. The chapter goes on to place a cautiously optimistic assessment of the current state and likely evolution of global intelligence studies. It outlines how, over the past decade, the field has expanded and morphed. It has integrated new perspectives and approaches, and it has internationalised. The scale of the topic is now vast, potentially disorientating to the uninitiated. This chapter offers a tour d'horizon for those new to the field and looking to venture outside the Anglosphere.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NRPUCZ4R,2022/11/04,Daniela Richterova,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-30T11:21:37Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7751,Deception and Intelligence in Peace and War,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-19.xml,"Intelligence officers working in the field are employed in the business of deception. Case officers employ aliases, disguises, tradecraft to meet clandestine contacts in hostile environments; analysts and debriefers work to disentangle fact from fiction; and those agencies work with military colleagues and political masters to design and implement deception operations to mislead and influence adversaries in war and peace. This chapter explores the blurred lines between intelligence and military studies, which is particularly important in an era when deception has become part of mainstream politics, international relations and political communication.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ISGJHVNN,2022/11/04,"Gary Buck, Huw Dylan",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-29T08:37:14Z,['RHJFPRAI'],,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7752,Intelligence and Biosecurity,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-13.xml,"This chapter is concerned with the emerging scholarship on intelligence and biosecurity. Using the Covid-19 pandemic as a point of perspective, it traces how threats to collective health have been conceived, responded to, studied and managed from early in the Twentieth Century through to the present day. It provides a historical frame for understanding disease as a national security threat, with a particular focus on the evolution of and the consequent fear of bioweapons. The fear of these new weapons prompted a response, an effort to develop institutions and methodologies to gather intelligence on these new threats, ones that could distinguish between natural outbreaks and deliberate attacks, or outbreaks caused by accidents. As world wars turned to Cold Wars, and then to the campaign against international terrorism, the fear of the proliferation of biosecurity threats grew and led to a shift to a 'preparedness' model of global biosecurity intelligence, monitoring, and scholarship.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M4JN3CQB,2022/11/04,Filippa Lentzos,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-29T08:43:00Z,['N8VR3BYE'],,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7753,The Impact of Technology on Intelligence Analysis,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-16.xml,"Intelligence and technology have always been closely intertwined, both as enablers and as targets for collection. Recently, developments in big data and AI have become central to the operations of intelligence agencies. The literature on this development, and its implications, is growing, but is frequently focused on its impacts on collection. This chapter considers the scholarship on, and the need to expand the examination of, the impact of information communications technologies on intelligence analysis. Its primary focus is the United States intelligence community, which has been in many ways an early adopter of many digitally driven intelligence operations. It considers the state of the field, how leaders and scholars in the US have conceived of the opportunities and challenges of the new technological environment, and considers the key challenges and opportunities for further research in this significant and dynamic field.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YG227FRK,2022/11/04,Kathleen M. Vogel,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-29T08:43:59Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7754,Why Intelligence Analysts Need to Write Long Papers,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-18.xml,"In the civilian realm, the creation and distribution of information has undergone a revolution, due to the availability of network connected technologies and the democratisation of knowledge. This expansion of available information has created a significant challenge for intelligence analysts whose role is to evaluate sources and to provide an assessment of it. This chapter explores the impact of digitisation on intelligence assessments, the availability of information, and the length of intelligence assessments in providing insights to government customers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QMU3LDEJ,2022/11/04,Tim Dickens,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-29T08:44:49Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7755,Post-Modern Archival Research,Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-22.xml,"The mainstay of classical intelligence studies is archival research in a physical archive. Digitisation of paper archives has presented opportunities and challenges to the contemporary intelligence studies scholar and to those practitioners who are charged with maintaining official records. The development of instant and encrypted messaging platforms is changing the way that governments do business, and how official records are captured and maintained. This - in turn - places challenges on future researchers, about how they access these materials and how they treat them as historical artefacts. It is important for us to understand how these developments will impact on our ability to analyse the business of intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YEYRSDJ4,2022/11/04,Berenice Burnett,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-29T08:56:56Z,['TDUVX2TF'],,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7756,"Teaching Intelligence: Decolonisation, (Distance) Education and the Global Student",Book chapter,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/book-part-9781800378803-21.xml,"Intelligence education is now subject to the same debates that were being had in military and defence studies some twenty years ago. These debates are centred on the practical differences between education and training, the desired end-state for students, and what our attempts at making sense of the politics of intelligence and how it fits within social relations and the international system. The chapter also examines the role of decolonisation within university level intelligence education, and how in doing so we can advance future intelligence officers' understanding of the world they are operating in.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CUYBQ9D9,2022/11/04,Helen Dexter,Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-29T08:48:03Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'HCN8YFI8']",,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7757,A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government,Book,https://www.elgaronline.com/view/book/9781800378803/9781800378803.xml,"""A Research Agenda for Intelligence Studies and Government"" published on 04 Nov 2022 by Edward Elgar Publishing.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8GURKV4L,2022/11/04,"Robert Dover, Huw Dylan, Michael S. Goodman",Edward Elgar Publishing,,2022-11-29T08:29:22Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7758,The evolution of the Al-Shabaab Jihadist intelligence structure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2095599,"Terrorist groups that have survived for many years have developed sophisticated information-gathering techniques to counter imminent threats. Al-Shabaab, a Somali-based armed Islamic group, has also developed its own intelligence-gathering strategy through the Amniyat, an intelligence unit focused on tactical efficiency, targeting, counterintelligence (CI), and communication strategy to outperform their opponents. This study adopts a structural analysis to investigate how the organisation evolved historically and established the internal structure of its intelligence division. Emphasizing their counterintelligence (CI) operations, and how Al-Shabaab use CI to their advantage for survival. In doing this, the article draws on the perspectives of John Gentry on VNSA intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M3XHYXP8,2022-07-09,Zakarie Ahmed nor Kheyre,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-07-13T07:25:55Z,"['EJW4BLAR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2095599,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4284977703,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4284977703,2022.0,2025.0,2022.0,,0.0 7759,"Nazi Collaborators, American Intelligence, and the Cold War: The Case of the Byelorussian Central Council",Thesis,https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/424,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C6S8THKG,2015-01-01,Mark Alexander,,,2022-11-28T07:40:52Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],,,Master's Thesis,University of Vermont,,,,,,,,, 7760,"World war I and the invention of American intelligence, 1878-1918",Thesis,https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21126/,"Intelligence changes as the nature of war changes. From the late 1870s, the United States military, as part of a broader reform process, began learning about intelligence in part from experience but more importantly by observing the practices of the great powers of Europe. The period of American involvement in World War I saw a rapid acceleration of this dev.elopment, with the United States continuing to learn from the United Kingdom and France. The war also saw intelligence spreading into fields that it had seldom if ever entered in the American experience. During the nineteen months of American belligerency American Intelligence agencies, notably the War Department's Military Intelligence Division and the Navy Department's Office of Naval Intelligence expanded greatly. In addition, the services started to adopt high technology tools such as aerial photography and signals intelligence. These new tools required the admission into the military departments and services of esoteric specialists who did not fit previous military stereotypes. The war also occasioned a vast expansion of domestic surveillance and intelligence, a result of the idea that the World War was a struggle not only of militaries but of entire societies. Espionage, too, grew in extent and sophistication and the moral stigma associated with it began to erode. Overseas, the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in France grew its own large intelligence staff. All of these measures allowed General John J. Pershing, the AEF's commander, as well has other American leaders to be better informed than they had ever been during previous wars.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9PKSIVCS,2010-06,Mark Stout,,,2022-11-28T07:34:02Z,['BNPYHVD4'],,,PhD Thesis,University of Leeds,,,,,,,,, 7761,How the CIA Forgot the Art of Spying,Blog post,https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/03/cia-art-spying-espionage-spies-military-terrorism-214875,"With the war on terror came a new, more militarized way of gathering intelligence. But now, America needs the kind of spooks who can work the cocktail party circuit—more James Bond, less Jason Bourne.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2RVKVMHQ,March 2017,Alex Finley,,,2022-11-27T22:04:58Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7762,British intelligence and the Dardanelles: the 1906 Taba affair revisited,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2055936,This article revisits British assessments on the Dardanelles during and after the Taba crisis in 1906. It is known that the assessments produced throughout 1906 were pessimistic. What is missing from the current historiography is the intelligence dimension. This paper fills this gap by arguing that the assessments were pessimistic because military and political assessors knew that the Dardanelles defences were strong. They knew this fact because British intelligence departments had compiled detailed and accurate information demonstrating that the Dardanelles defence system had been modernised and strengthened by the Ottomans over the preceding three decades.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZWRFYLAW,2022-11-10,Yusuf Ali Ozkan,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-23T08:12:05Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2055936,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4224232554,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4224232554,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2055936?needAccess=true,2.0 7763,A War of Information: Spanish Naval Intelligence During the American Revolutionary War (1775–83),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445221078058,"Early-Modern war absorbed large material resources, including manpower, warships, guns, ammunition and supplies, but there was one key element of warfare that was quite immaterial: information. This article analyses Spanish naval intelligence and deals with the production, collection, and management of information within and through the navy. To examine this complex issue this paper will focus on the Spanish naval intelligence system during the American Revolutionary War (1776?83). By the 1770s and the 1780s the Spanish navy had developed and improved an efficient framework that provided decisive information for the mobilisation of its naval forces.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9LAKTNN4,2022-05-16,Pablo Ortega-del-Cerro,SAGE Publications Ltd,War in History,2022-11-22T15:11:37Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DS3WDJUS']",10.1177/09683445221078058,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280538813,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280538813,2022.0,2026.0,2022.0,,0.0 7764,Where to submit: a guide to publishing intelligence studies articles,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2144278?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MBWJW44F,2022-11-17 10:50:06,"Stephen Coulthart, Stephen Marrin",tandf,Where to submit: a guide to publishing intelligence studies articles,2022-11-18T16:10:34Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'TDUVX2TF']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2144278,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4309623260,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4309623260,2023.0,2026.0,2022.0,,1.0 7765,Methodological and epistemological reflections on elite interviews and the study of Israel’s intelligence history: interview with Efraim Halevy,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02684527.2022.2095600?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DBRX8F2E,2022-07-12 10:30:24,Eldad Ben Aharon,tandf,Methodological and epistemological reflections on elite interviews and the study of Israel’s intelligence history: interview with Efraim Halevy,2022-11-17T22:40:09Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'KGU8VLSW', 'TDUVX2TF']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2095600,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4285089403,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285089403,2024.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2095600?needAccess=true,2.0 7766,"Sempill, Japan, and Pearl Harbor: Traitor or Spy-Myth?",Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08850607.2022.2081048,"Lord Sempill (1893–1965) was the subject of extended investigation by the British Security Service (MI5) between World War I and II. A distinguished aviator, he was suspected of disclosing classified information to the Japanese over the years 1923 to 1925 and 1939 to 1941. MI5’s investigation was inconclusive. But with the progressive release of agency materials from the late 1990s, Sempill attracted high-profile interest from historians and media alike. In 2012, he was labeled “the traitor of Pearl Harbor,” a canard with implications for the integrity of the early Atlantic alliance. This fresh study of a major early-modern counterespionage case reassesses Sempill in relation to his professional and political milieu and explores his Japanese connections as Tokyo moved from guarded friendship to challenge and aggression in the climacteric year 1941. Notwithstanding his admission of a technical breach of the Official Secrets Act in 1925, the evidence overall does not support the prevailing view of Sempill as a spy who betrayed British and American interests.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JQS7S6BL,2022-07-25,Alex Hardie,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-07-28T22:18:06Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'ZMVDB8A2']",10.1080/08850607.2022.2081048,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4287509850,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2022.2081048?needAccess=true, 7767,Reflections on Ethical Intelligence,Journal article,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08850607.2022.2104569?af=R,.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E9B4LRP6,2022-08-18 08:19:23,Cécile Fabre,tandf,Reflections on Ethical Intelligence,2022-11-17T22:07:34Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2104569,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4293805369,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4293805369,2026.0,2026.0,2022.0,,4.0 7768,Overcoming the inertia of ‘old ways of producing intelligence’—the IC’s development and use of new analytic methods in the 1970s,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1965096,"This article explores a little known chapter in the Intelligence Community’s (IC) history that has implications for challenges it confronts in adapting new technologies and analytic methodologies to assess an ever more complex world. Drawing on formerly classified memoranda and intelligence products, the article addresses what prompted the push to use ‘new analytic methods’ in the 1970s, what they encompassed, their use within the IC, and whether these efforts altered the way intelligence analysis was produced during the decade and in subsequent years. It concludes by identifying lessons this experience from a half century ago offer for the IC today.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CADM3M6L,"November 10, 2021",James Marchio,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-12-12T21:05:41Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1965096,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3194525809,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3194525809,2023.0,2024.0,2021.0,,2.0 7769,"Countering a technological Berlin tunnel: North Korean operatives, helicopters and intelligence in the Cold War illicit arms trade, 1981-1986",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2039350,"This article considers the relationshipbetween intelligence and the arms trade by examining NorthKorea’s procurement of 86 Hughes helicopters in the 1980s. Usingrecently declassified documents, the article contextualises the caseusing US intelligence assessments of North Korea’s procurement,and considers the role of the DPRK’s diplomats in Berlin, and theWestern powers’ response. This history provides insights into theuse of intelligence operatives for arms procurement, the role ofintelligence agencies in monitoring the illicit arms trade, and thechallenges in collection, analysis and acting on the intelligencesurrounding arms trafficking.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UGIYRNKU,"March 4, 2022",Daniel Salisbury,,Intelligence and National Security,2022-03-07T17:06:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2022.2039350,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4214931430,0.0,True,,,,2022.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2022.2039350?needAccess=true, 7770,Putin's Ukraine war 'a major intelligence failure' for the Kremlin,Newspaper article,https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1582628/ukraine-war-vladimir-putin-russia-michael-goodman-kings-college-london,"RUSSIA'S war in Ukraine represents a major intelligence failure for the Kremlin, an expert has said.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CTSI84EI,2022-03-20T15:00:00+00:00,Jon King,,Express.co.uk,2022-11-11T20:56:03Z,['MQMHZUFD'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7771,Repeating History: Soviet Offensive Counterintelligence Active Measures,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1822100,"Drawing on the formerly classified in-house journal KGB Collection, this article argues that active measures, commonly known as Soviet foreign influence operations, were the concept and practice in which offensive counterintelligence encroached on foreign intelligence functions. In the 1960s, KGB counterintelligence officers were urged to implement active measures, instead of passive surveillance, by cultivating and recruiting foreign visitors and Soviet citizens with the aim of using them to penetrate Western institutions and collect sensitive intelligence. The counterintelligence directorate occasionally supervised foreign operations to implement offensive tactics. Given the parallels between the Soviet and Russian intelligence services, the expansion of the counterintelligence agency (the Federal Security Service) in post-Soviet Russia can be interpreted as its increased interest in and capabilities for active measures abroad.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DJMMJ9X8,2022-07-03,Sanshiro Hosaka,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-06T23:28:19Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1822100,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3112536832,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3112536832,2022.0,2025.0,2020.0,,2.0 7772,"Diversity in Intelligence: Organizations, Processes, and People",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2022.2047533,"With the advent of new technologies and the accelerated changes in the security arena, it has become apparent that intelligence organizations need to develop learning, self-reflective, and competitive working environments and communities of practice with a distinct set of values and norms that may go beyond the cultural values and practices of the twentieth century. One of the values that needs to be further explored and integrated is diversity. A look at the literature and policies in the field shows that in certain parts of the world, consistent steps have been made toward investigating the implications of diversity and inclusion as setting goals for reconceptualizing human resources and internal culture strategies. This introductory study aims to introduce readers to the current debates on diversity and inclusion, as well as offer a short glimpse at the questions that animated the authors who agreed to contribute to this special issue.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C36VVUUW,2022-10-02,"Irena Chiru, Cristina Ivan, Ruben Arcos",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-11-06T23:27:16Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2022.2047533,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4281628965,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4281628965,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 7773,Hard target espionage in the information era: new challenges for the second oldest profession,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1947555,"Reliable and well positioned human sources are essential for the US and its allies in an era of declining relations and rising tensions with China and Russia. The recruitment and handling of spies is essential if the US and its allies are to cool relations carefully, enact sound policy and curb the relentless intelligence operations of their adversaries. However, despite the superficially more open borders of China and Russia, technological advances have made the threat of street surveillance to the recruitment and handling of agents today as acute as it was in Cold War “denied area” states. This paper assesses the degree of street surveillance in contemporary Russia and China – including the impact of biometrics and online data history on the defensibility of cover and the severity of advanced CCTV networks – and the solutions intelligence agencies might adopt to address these problems. Despite the possibilities cyberspace offers espionage – for instance, by reducing the need for face to face meetings between intelligence officers and agents – the paper establishes the limitations of technological answers and argues that Western intelligence officers are entering a new era of Moscow and Beijing Rules in which they are more essential than ever and yet need to operate with absolute caution.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3YY9ILDB,2021-11-10,Kyle S. Cunliffe,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-06T23:26:26Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1947555,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3182126570,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3182126570,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/61142/1/Hard%20target%20espionage%20in%20the%20information%20era%20new%20challenges%20for%20the%20second%20oldest%20profession.pdf,1.0 7774,British geographic intelligence during the Second World War: a case study of the Canary Islands,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2002208,"The Second World War led to significant developments in operational intelligence activities as the belligerent powers collected the geographic, military, and socio-economic information that was essential for planning military operations. Part of the British strategic agencies were dedicated to geographic intelligence through divisions, sections, and departments that analysed the terrain over which potential military movements could occur. This article provides an analysis of British reports on the Canary Islands as a case study of wartime geographic intelligence. It shows how the information collected supported the design and updating of British invasion plans on the islands between 1940 and 1943.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T2STZ254,2022-02-23,Marta García Cabrera,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-05T08:43:57Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/02684527.2021.2002208,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4200567381,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4200567381,2022.0,2024.0,2021.0,,1.0 7775,Oversight and governance of the Danish intelligence community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1976919,"The study of intelligence communities, and oversight thereof, outside the English-speaking world remains relatively underdeveloped. One of the most instructive cases the Danish intelligence community and its oversight architecture. Denmark conforms to neither the ‘big bang’ of intelligence oversight during the 1970s and 1980s nor to subsequent security sector reform (SSR) amongst so-called ‘new democracies’ beyond broadly following Loch Johnson’s pattern of ‘fire-fighting’ oversight. Instead, the governance of Danish intelligence was shaped by specific features of Denmark’s constitution combined with legacies of the country’s experience of Nazi occupation, its geopolitical position during the Cold War and post-1945 social change.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3NZBPVK5,2022-02-23,"Sune J. Andersen, Martin Ejnar Hansen, Philip H. J. Davies",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-05T08:43:36Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1976919,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3201546732,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3201546732,2023.0,2025.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1976919,1.0 7776,Health security warning intelligence during first contact with COVID: an operations perspective,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2020034,"Effective community response to health security crises, regardless of attribution, is predicated on access to warning intelligence coupled to response. The American state of Nevada’s experience with COVID is examined here to evaluate lessons learned in bridging health security warning intelligence for the novel coronavirus (COVID) pandemic directly to hospital preparedness and response. This case study is based on the findings of a workshop convened for that purpose. It shows that access to health security warning intelligence enabled avoidance of overwhelming patient demand and compromise of emergency response.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WFQQ6JTE,2022-02-23,"James M. Wilson, Christopher K. Lake, Michael Matthews, Malinda Southard, Ryan M. Leone, Maureen McCarthy",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-05T08:43:26Z,['N8VR3BYE'],10.1080/02684527.2021.2020034,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4220674556,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4220674556,2024.0,2024.0,2022.0,,2.0 7777,How surprising was ISIS’ rise to power for the German intelligence community? Reconstructing estimates of likelihood prior to the fall of Mosul,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1985206,"This article provides a first attempt at evaluating the performance of the German intelligence community when anticipating ISIS’ rise to power in Syria and Iraq and its reach into Europe in 2013–2014. It applies a new analytical framework for postmortem exercises after foreign policy crises, which centres on nuanced discussions of surprise and contextualised assessments of performance. This article finds evidence of partial to significant surprise among German intelligence analysts vis-à-vis four key events. Their performance was hindered by diagnostic difficulties and structural constraints, which affected their ability to identify risks related to underlying vulnerabilities in Iraq and Syria.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LJGNIE6N,2022-02-23,Eva Michaels,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-05T08:43:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'TLFN4NAL']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1985206,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3208144338,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3208144338,2024.0,2024.0,2021.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/8adbf6d2-b6a0-4720-b6f6-b7ae1ef84fdb,3.0 7778,‘A sad story of delay and obstructionism’: the impact of external relationships on the resourcing and development of Bletchley Park during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2032583,"Substantial historical attention has been focussed on Bletchley Park’s internal organisation and the often-fraught disputes over control of the work and its intelligence products; however, the importance of external inter-departmental relations for the resourcing and development of the signals intelligence agency has sometimes been overlooked or underestimated. This article identifies several ways in which the operation was shaped and sometimes constrained by the compromises the Bletchley Park authorities had to reach with outside organisations to secure the resources they needed. It argues that an accurate picture of Bletchley Park’s development must take account of the impacts of these inter-organisational relationships.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X4B46KBB,2022-04-16,Thomas Cheetham,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-05T08:42:32Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2032583,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4212946174,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7779,An intelligence classic that almost never was – Roberta Wohlstetter’s Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2015853,"Roberta Wohlstetter’s Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision is a classic of intelligence literature that also made a major contribution to American strategic thought during the early Cold War. In 1959, however, the government classified Wohlstetter’s finished manuscript – written under an Air Force contract – just as it was on the verge of publication. Based on multiple archival sources, this article describes how lobbying by Wohlstetter’s employer, the RAND Corporation, and government insiders ultimately led Washington to reverse its decision and authorize the release of Wohlstetter’s work, thus illuminating the changing priorities, tensions and dilemmas inherent in government secrecy.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TI85NISI,2022-04-16,David Sherman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-05T08:42:15Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2021.2015853,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4206395213,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7780,Ian Fleming’s Soviet rival: Roman Kim and Soviet spy fiction during the early Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065609,"This article focuses on the life of Roman Kim (1899–1967), an ethnic Korean Soviet counterintelligence officer, and highlights his contribution to the Soviet spy fiction genre during the Cold War. Kim was born in Vladivostok and educated in Japan. He was recruited by the VChK in the early 1920s and was involved in a variety of Soviet counterintelligence operations directed against Japan. Arrested and tortured during the Great Purge, he was the only Soviet Japanese intelligence expert to survive. Kim was released after the end of WWII and reinvented himself as a writer of spy fiction, arguing that the Soviet Union must score victories against the West on the literary front. The article examines Kim’s impact on the literary Cold War by analyzing his most significant spy fiction works, none of which have been translated into English, and chronicles his influence on the later generation of Soviet spy fiction writers, such as Yulian Semyonov and Vasily Ardamatsky, much better known in Russia and in the West.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MQELT3I4,2022-06-07,Filip Kovacevic,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-05T08:41:48Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2065609,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4224298730,0.0,False,,,,2022.0,, 7781,All the world’s a stage: covert action as theatrical performance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2022.2065607,"Theatre, performance, and espionage have several times been unexpected partners throughout history, from theatrical spies to CIA and Hollywood collaborations. This article firmly places covert and undercover espionage acts in the realm of theatrical performance, and seeks to further examine the links between stagecraft and tradecraft by analyzing specific actions and operations from the Second World War through the lens of actor training methodologies. It argues for an alternative theatre history, where the political landscapes of espionage acts assumed the form of a global performance venue, with its participants taking on character, costume, design, and an ever suspicious audience.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NYDMFX6F,2022-06-07,Ariel Whitfield Sobel,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-11-05T08:41:33Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'B6RJNLTK']",10.1080/02684527.2022.2065607,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4280612384,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4280612384,2022.0,2025.0,2022.0,,0.0 7782,Secret Intelligence and Public Diplomacy in the Ukraine War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2022.2103257,"Intelligence is generally collected and used in secret to inform internal audiences. Before and after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, however, the UK and US governments have deployed intelligence extensively to influence external audiences, both publicly and privately, regarding Russian intentions, capabilities and practices, and the consequences of Russian actions. While the scale, manner and initially pre-emptive nature of these disclosures represent a significant evolutionary step in how liberal-democratic governments use their intelligence assets, current practice has built upon historical precedents. This article examines why states choose to use intelligence – including fabricated intelligence – for influencing external audiences; the different methods they deploy for doing so; the gains and costs of publicising intelligence; and how the use of intelligence during the Russia–Ukraine conflict should be understood within broader historical and contemporary trends. The authors conclude that while liberal democracies’ use of intelligence in public is to be welcomed for its greater transparency, careful risk management will be needed if this approach is to continue.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HPE8QB5E,2022-07-04,"Huw Dylan, Thomas J. Maguire",Routledge,Survival,2022-11-05T08:37:28Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1080/00396338.2022.2103257,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4289531397,38.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4289531397,2021.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/176729343/Ukraine_War_Public_Crucible_for_Secret_Intelligence_Dylan_Maguire_1_.pdf,-1.0 7783,The Kherson Ruse: Ukraine and the Art of Military Deception,Blog post,https://mwi.usma.edu/the-kherson-ruse-ukraine-and-the-art-of-military-deception/,"In ancient China, the general Sun Tzu counseled that “all warfare is based on deception.” Could that still be the case millennia later—after an industrial and then a digital revolution […]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F44K6JA9,2022-10-12T10:09:56+00:00,"Huw Dylan, David V. Gioe, Joe Littell",,,2022-10-14T15:31:28Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7784,Vladimir Putin’s Russian World Turned Upside Down,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X221121778,"What will the long-term impact of President Vladimir Putin?s decision to invade Ukraine be upon the Russian state? This article assesses the likely outcomes of the Kremlin?s war of aggression in Ukraine across a spectrum of economic, military, political, and social factors to evidence the scale of Russian miscalculation regarding its disastrous decision to invade Ukraine, and argues for the inevitability of Russian strategic decline as a direct consequence of its reckless military adventurism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q859QLI7,2022-09-16,"David V. Gioe, William Styles",SAGE Publications Inc,Armed Forces & Society,2022-09-23T11:53:05Z,['Y959U28A'],10.1177/0095327X221121778,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4296046603,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4296046603,2022.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327x221121778,0.0 7785,The art and science of intelligence in war,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/the-art-and-science-of-intelligence-in-war/,Intelligence in war is as much a product of common sense as of technical brilliance. It must be understood and applied wisely to be of any use.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3NJVQ47T,2022-08-15T16:26:43+00:00,Hew Strachan,,,2022-08-17T19:21:32Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7786,New UK centre will help fight information war,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-61718097,The new centre aims to boost UK's security through building expertise in cutting-edge technology.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8VPI65E4,2022-06-07,Gordon Corera,,BBC News,2022-06-08T09:11:50Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7787,The Future of Open Source Intelligence for UK National Security,Report,https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/occasional-papers/future-open-source-intelligence-uk-national-security,"This paper explores the use of publicly available information and open source intelligence for national security purposes, and provides recommendations for future policy development.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JSSLWMQ6,07 June 2022,"Ardi Janjeva, Alexander Harris, Joe Byrne",,,2022-06-07T20:45:19Z,['LXMU5UXP'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7788,Knowing Russia was going to invade Ukraine was not enough,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/knowing-russia-was-going-to-invade-ukraine-was-not-enough/,The warnings were accurate but the West failed to believe them and this made collective deterrent action far less effective.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZEM8TUJ7,2022-03-03T21:26:53+00:00,Suzanne Raine,,,2022-03-03T23:16:02Z,"['9YPHGMBS', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7789,Element of surprise — the West needs to be more unpredictable,Blog post,https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/element-of-surprise-the-west-needs-to-be-more-unpredictable/,"The West’s preoccupation with transparency, debate and consensus has rendered it slow and predictable. In this age of strategic competition, it is imperative that it regains the ability to surprise.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NHCLTNZA,2022-06-01T17:17:39+00:00,Suzanne Raine,,,2022-06-07T07:51:39Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7790,"No War for Old Spies: Putin, the Kremlin and Intelligence",Blog post,https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/no-war-old-spies-putin-kremlin-and-intelligence,Russia’s failures are a result of outdated Soviet attitudes and ideas that cannot keep up with the evolving intelligence environment.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/V4J8IABR,20 May 2022,"Philip H. J. Davies, Toby Steward",,,2022-05-23T15:55:49Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7791,Intelligence and the War in Ukraine: Part 2,Blog post,https://warontherocks.com/2022/05/intelligence-and-the-war-in-ukraine-part-2/,"The conflict in Ukraine provides a window of dichotomy, simultaneously highlighting the successful use of operational intelligence collection and analysis",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7TTTM9UP,2022-05-19T07:50:09+00:00,"Neveen Abdalla, Philip H. J. Davies, Kristian Gustafson, Daniel W. B. Lomas, Steven B. Wagner",,,2022-05-23T15:55:16Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7792,Nasser and the Missile Age in the Middle East,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Nasser-and-the-Missile-Age-in-the-Middle-East/Sirrs/p/book/9780415407984,"Egyptian efforts to acquire long-range surface-to-surface missiles in the early 1960s carry important lessons for our time, when weapons of mass destruction and charges of politicizing intelligence are key issues. This new study traces the history of the early Egyptian ballistic missile program, which began with the successful recruitment of German scientists who had experience in Hitler’s V1 and V2 missile projects. Yet even as these Germans began their work on developing missiles for E",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SRQZIGTA,2006,Owen L. Sirrs,Routledge,,2022-05-19T08:01:05Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7793,Intelligence-sharing with Ukraine designed to prevent wider war,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/05/11/ukraine-us-intelligence-sharing-war/,The Biden administration has drawn up guidance around intelligence-sharing with Ukraine that is calibrated to avoid heightening tensions between Washington and Moscow.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B4XH5ZC5,14 May 2022,"Shane Harris, Dan Lamothe",,Washington Post,2022-05-14T23:37:34Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7794,Intelligence and the War in Ukraine: Part 1,Blog post,https://warontherocks.com/2022/05/intelligence-and-the-war-in-ukraine-part-1/,"Almost every descent into war comes with speculation, accusations, and counter-accusations of intelligence failure. And, indeed, it is obvious to note",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7K9MP9G6,2022-05-11T07:45:57+00:00,"Neveen Abdalla, Philip H. J. Davies, Kristian Gustafson, Dan Lomas, Steven B. Wagner",,,2022-05-11T13:40:29Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7795,Wagner: Teaching intelligence history through simulation gaming,Blog post,https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2022/04/22/wagner-teaching-intelligence-history-through-simulation-gaming/,"The following article was written by Steven Wagner, Senior Lecturer in International Security, Brunel University London. An earlier version was presented to the International Studies Associati…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7VVJEV7T,2022-04-23T00:32:09+00:00,Steven B. Wagner,,,2022-04-26T08:36:54Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7796,A Shadow War Against Putin,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2022-04-11/shadow-war-against-putin,"To get Russia to concede in Ukraine, the West should foment unrest and weaken Vladimir Putin's regime from within.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TLLIZTY7,2022-04-11T12:51:00-04:00,Douglas London,,,2022-04-12T16:00:56Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7797,Ukraine: Inside the spies’ attempts to stop the war,Newspaper article,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61044063,"As the invasion of Ukraine loomed, Western intelligence officials decided to tell the world what they knew.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YY2HAQBG,2022-04-08,Gordon Corera,,BBC News,2022-04-10T12:49:36Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7798,The Myth of the Missing Cyberwar,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/ukraine/2022-04-06/myth-missing-cyberwar,"Russia's hacking succeeded in Ukraine—and poses a threat elsewhere, too.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B27PBL6E,2022-04-06T14:18:56-04:00,"David Cattler, Daniel Black",,,2022-04-08T08:46:56Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7799,Expert views on the war in Ukraine,Blog post,https://kisg.co.uk/blogposts/f/expert-views-on-the-war-in-ukraine,"In this Q&A blogpost series, KCL Visiting Professors and Fellows draw on their government, private sector, or civil society experience to reflect on intelligence and security aspects of the war in Ukraine.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M68AGFXG,05 April 2022, King's Intelligence and Security Group,,,2022-04-05T11:36:43Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7800,Vladimir Putin’s 20-Year March to War in Ukraine—and How the West Mishandled It,Newspaper article,https://www.wsj.com/articles/vladimir-putins-20-year-march-to-war-in-ukraineand-how-the-west-mishandled-it-11648826461,"Washington and the EU vacillated between engagement and deterrence. Meanwhile, the Russian leader became more isolated and more obsessed.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NEAUDERU,2022-04-01T21:20:00.000Z,"Michael R. Gordon, Bojan Pancevski, Noemie Bisserbe, Marcus Walker",,Wall Street Journal,2022-04-03T11:45:39Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7801,"British intelligence and the causes of unrest in Mesopotamia, 1919–21",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00263209908701260,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UFRHUHYE,1999-01-01,A. L. Macfie,Routledge,Middle Eastern Studies,2022-04-03T11:45:25Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/00263209908701260,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2125170006,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2125170006,2016.0,2023.0,1999.0,,17.0 7802,"British Intelligence and the Turkish National Movement, 1919-22",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/714004366,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/89BCJ9H9,2001-01-01,A. Macfie,Routledge,Middle Eastern Studies,2022-04-03T11:45:10Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/714004366,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965407769,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965407769,2017.0,2019.0,2001.0,,16.0 7803,"'Far too dangerous a gamble'?1 British intelligence and policy during the Chanak crisis, September-October 1922",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09592290412331308851,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/INB3MDGS,2003-06-01,John Ferris,Routledge,Diplomacy & Statecraft,2022-04-03T10:54:09Z,['MP7FJ9UA'],10.1080/09592290412331308851,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1965427783,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965427783,2017.0,2025.0,2003.0,,14.0 7804,Food Delivery Leak Unmasks Russian Security Agents,Blog post,https://www.bellingcat.com/news/rest-of-world/2022/04/01/food-delivery-leak-unmasks-russian-security-agents/,"The Yandex.Food leak implicates thousands of Russian users, including military personnel",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QLHHMSQ9,2022-04-01T16:01:46+00:00,Aric Toler,,,2022-04-01T19:54:46Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7805,"How the West Got Russia’s Military So, So Wrong",Magazine article,https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/03/russia-ukraine-invasion-military-predictions/629418/,Good equipment and clever doctrine reveal little about how an army will perform in a war.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FX7RZ87C,2022-03-31T10:00:00Z,Phillips Payson O’Brien,,The Atlantic,2022-03-31T21:45:02Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7806,"Putin advisers ‘afraid to tell him truth’ about Ukraine error, says GCHQ head",Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/30/putin-advisers-russia-ukraine-error-gchq-head-jeremy-fleming-speech,Sir Jeremy Fleming speech says Russia’s president miscalculated the scale of resistance,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NHBSIPAP,2022-03-30T21:00:29.000Z,"Dan Sabbagh, David Smith",,The Guardian,2022-03-30T21:54:00Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7807,Former spy on importance of intelligence gathering from human sources,Blog post,https://govmatters.tv/former-spy-on-importance-of-intelligence-gathering-from-human-sources/,"Information-gathering technologies that use facial recognition and artificial intelligence are valuable, but highly actionable and useful intelligence still comes from human spies and agents. Douglas London, associate professor at Georgetown University and former senior operations officer at the Central Intelligence Agency, said with Great Power Competition and technology’s increasing influence on the battle space, the […]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UEZ5WIKY,2022-03-16T03:02:43+00:00,Douglas London,,,2022-03-26T09:07:01Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7808,Putin’s Folly: A Case Study of an Inept Strategist,Blog post,https://warontherocks.com/2022/03/putins-folly-a-case-study-of-an-inept-strategist/,Editor’s note: Don’t miss our comprehensive guide to Russia’s war against Ukraine. Vladimir Putin is a bad strategist. He does not understand the,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9IXZ4G82,2022-03-16T07:55:45+00:00,Joshua Rovner,,,2022-03-26T20:32:12Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7809,"Russian military behind hack of satellite communication devices in Ukraine at war’s outset, U.S. officials say",Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/03/24/russian-military-behind-hack-satellite-communication-devices-ukraine-wars-outset-us-officials-say/,"The Russian military spy service, the GRU, was behind the compromise, officials said, speaking on the condition of anonymity because of the matter’s sensitivity.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6PETZTBM,25 March 2022,Ellen Nakashima,,Washington Post,2022-03-25T08:02:50Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7810,Spies Will Doom Putin,Newspaper article,https://www.wsj.com/articles/spies-will-doom-putin-russia-ukraine-cia-espionage-kremlin-soviets-operations-officer-warsaw-pact-11648044741,"After invading Ukraine, he’s tightening the screws the way the Soviets did—and that will help the CIA recruit Russians.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L6D44JFI,2022-03-23T17:12:00.000Z,Douglas London,,Wall Street Journal,2022-03-24T08:22:25Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7811,Why Can’t the West Admit That Ukraine Is Winning?,Magazine article,https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/03/ukraine-is-winning-war-russia/627121/,"America has become too accustomed to thinking of its side as stymied, ineffective, or incompetent.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GK63A2PX,2022-03-21T14:51:32Z,Eliot A. Cohen,,The Atlantic,2022-03-24T22:55:40Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7812,Russia’s Initial Failures Don’t Mean Ukraine Will Survive,Magazine article,https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/03/russian-military-power-weakness-ukraine/623323/,Putin’s military may seek to recover from its early mistakes with increased brutality.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PVRGQVVI,2022-03-01T18:41:08Z,David French,,The Atlantic,2022-03-24T22:37:34Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7813,Putin Doesn’t Realize How Much Warfare Has Changed,Magazine article,https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/03/putin-doesnt-realize-how-much-warfare-has-changed/627600/,The Russian president’s obsession with World War II is hindering his invasion of Ukraine.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YNQJ83K9,2022-03-24T10:30:00Z,Antony Beevor,,The Atlantic,2022-03-24T22:27:30Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7814,MS-Intelligence and National Security Studies,Webpage,https://www.utep.edu/liberalarts/criminal-justice/academic-programs/graduate/ms-intelligence-and-national-security-studies.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QP7RBI8E,,,,,2022-03-24T18:06:09Z,['FIXZQSS9'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7815,‘The Ukrainians Are Listening’: Russia’s Military Radios Are Getting Owned,Magazine article,https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/22/ukraine-russia-military-radio/,Russia’s encrypted military phones aren’t working. So they’ve resorted to stealing phones from Ukrainians.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NNXV36ZZ,22 March 2022,"Jack Detsch, Amy Mackinnon",,Foreign Policy,2022-03-23T09:23:37Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7816,Intelligence studies network,Webpage,https://intelligencenetwork.org,"Welcome to Intelligence studies network The Intelligence studies network website is a platform where researchers can find different sources on intelligence studies and intelligence history. Studies on intelligence have been growing since the 1980s. The field has also become more interdisciplinary",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LYMHFW3C,,,,,2022-03-03T17:38:27Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7817,Open-source intelligence: how digital sleuths are making their mark on the Ukraine war,Blog post,http://theconversation.com/open-source-intelligence-how-digital-sleuths-are-making-their-mark-on-the-ukraine-war-179135,"An international security expert explains what open-source intelligence is, and how it can help us understand the Ukraine war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WQQQ79XY,18 March 2022,Matthew Moran,,,2022-03-21T22:13:34Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7818,British Naval Intelligence through the Twentieth Century,Book,https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/British-Naval-Intelligence-through-the-Twentieth-Century-Hardback/p/17926,"This major work is the first comprehensive account of how intelligence influenced and sustained British naval power from the late nineteenth century, when the Admiralty…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/G6BZAJSB,2020,Andrew Boyd,Seaforth Publishing,,2020-09-03T09:03:25Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'BNPYHVD4', 'CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7819,Ukraine Through Russia’s Eyes,Blog post,https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/ukraine-through-russias-eyes,"The Kremlin’s pre-invasion research suggested Ukraine was fertile ground for subversion, but the shock of war may transform Ukrainians’ willingness to resist in unpredictable ways.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6X363856,25 February 2022,"Nick Reynolds, Jack Watling",,,2022-03-03T09:36:38Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7820,The First Phase of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine 2022,Blog post,http://www.ccw.ox.ac.uk/news/rob-johnson-writes-essay-on-ukraine,"Dr Rob Johnson has written an essay examining the the ongoing military invasion of Ukraine. The essay details the build up, Russian plans for the invasion, the first and second operational phases, and the calculations being made by Russia, the West, and China. The essay ends with an assessment of th",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NQX9KXGE,16 March 2022,Rob Johnson,,,2022-03-16T17:10:43Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7821,Putin allegedly places his senior spies under arrest for faulty Ukraine intelligence,Blog post,https://intelnews.org/2022/03/15/01-3171/,"THERE ARE GROWING INDICATIONS that a number of senior Russian intelligence officials have been placed under arrest, reportedly because the Kremlin is blaming them for its stalled military campaign …",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6F7CM5HM,2022-03-15T07:00:00+00:00,Joseph Fitsanakis,,,2022-03-16T13:02:54Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7822,Cyberspace and the State: Towards a Strategy for Cyber-Power,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Cyberspace-and-the-State-Towards-a-Strategy-for-Cyber-Power/Betz-Stevens/p/book/9780415525305,"The major aim of Cyberspace and the State is to provide conceptual orientation on the new strategic environment of the Information Age. It seeks to restore the equilibrium of policy-makers which has been disturbed by recent cyber scares, as well as to bring clarity to academic debate on the subject particularly in the fields of politics and international relations, war and strategic studies. Its main chapters explore the impact of cyberspace upon the most central aspects of statehood and the sta",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SNGQQNV8,2011,"David J. Betz, Tim Stevens",Routledge,,2022-03-15T12:50:16Z,['8XXD789V'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7823,"Britain and the Confrontation with Indonesia, 1960-66",Book,https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/britain-and-the-confrontation-with-indonesia-196066-9781848859692/,The confrontation with Indonesia cut to the heart of Britain's desire to retain global power status in the 1960s and was central to decolonisation and British d…,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EKIR2H6P,2004,David Easter,Bloomsbury,,2022-03-15T12:47:25Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7824,The official history of the Joint Intelligence Committee. Volume 1: From the approach of the Second World War to the Suez Crisis,Book,https://www.routledge.com/The-Official-History-of-the-Joint-Intelligence-Committee-Volume-I-From/Goodman/p/book/9781138925007,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MULI8W72,2014,Michael S. Goodman,Routledge Taylor & Francis Group,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7825,U.S. Intelligence Says Putin Made a Last-Minute Decision to Invade Ukraine,Blog post,https://theintercept.com/2022/03/11/russia-putin-ukraine-invasion-us-intelligence/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QDHRMY2B,2022-03-11T17:58:50+00:00,James Risen,,,2022-03-14T23:28:12Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7826,"The CIA and the Pursuit of Security: History, Documents and Contexts",Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-the-cia-and-the-pursuit-of-security.html,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N38NKHPA,2020,"Huw Dylan, David Gioe, Michael S. Goodman",Edinburgh University Press,,2021-11-15T19:50:15Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7827,Intelligence Power in Practice,Book,https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-intelligence-power-in-practice.html,Showcases Michael Herman's critical reflections from his thirty-five years of intelligence experience,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PKWQJG8F,2022,"Michael Herman, David Schaefer",Edinburgh University Press,,2022-03-13T23:44:40Z,['HCN8YFI8'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7828,Canada answers Ukraine’s call for satellite radar imagery,Blog post,https://spacenews.com/canada-answers-ukraines-call-for-satellite-radar-imagery/,Canada’s MDA Corp. will provide satellite radar imagery to Ukraine’s government to help it counter Russia’s invasion of that country. Canadian government sources say that RADARSAT-2 will be used to collect the data.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZKLYRUDL,2022-03-09T14:45:30+00:00,David Pugliese,,,2022-03-13T00:10:40Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7829,Understanding the Russo-Ukrainian War: A Guide From War on the Rocks,Webpage,https://warontherocks.com/understanding-the-russo-ukrainian-war-a-guide-from-war-on-the-rocks/,"We at War on the Rocks have curated this list of articles and podcasts to help you gain a deeper understanding of the history, drivers, background, and",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N8ZSTBRM,,,,,2022-03-13T00:05:51Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7830,How western spy planes keep tabs on Russian tactics,Newspaper article,https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/how-western-spy-planes-keep-tabs-on-russian-tactics-8slcm0j22,"British and American spy planes are carrying out regular missions on the fringes of Ukraine’s airspace, where RAF sources say they can try to monitor Russian communications on the battlefield.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6Z63JS3H,11 March 2022,Larisa Brown,,The Times,2022-03-12T10:28:09Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7831,How Russia’s False Flags Set The Stage For War In Ukraine,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awvpExxY-QM,"Russian news agencies have spread dubious videos painting Ukraine as the aggressor in the current conflict. Newsy and our partners at Bellingcat found evidence of hoaxes. ------------------------------------- Newsy is your source for news and analysis covering the top stories from around the world. With persistent curiosity and no agenda, we strive to fuel meaningful conversations by highlighting multiple sides of every story. It’s news with the why. Join our newsletter at http://bit.ly/2q1tepr See more at http://www.newsy.com/ Like Newsy on Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/newsy/ Follow us on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/newsy",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JJARHW77,2022-02-26,,,,2022-03-11T13:21:50Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7832,Ukraine: Putin’s Unfinished Business,Blog post,https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/11/12/ukraine-putin-s-unfinished-business-pub-85771,"Putin has stepped up his rhetoric about Ukraine throughout 2021. With new moves on the Russian-Ukrainian border, the saber-rattling has to be taken seriously.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KJXJNZAK,12 November 2021,"Eugene Rumer, Andrew S. Weiss",,,2022-03-10T10:59:50Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7833,Twitter thread on Russia's decision to initiate a war on Ukraine,Blog post,https://twitter.com/AlexGabuev/status/1501713416574193673,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RP83MMSD,2022-03-10T12:15Z,Alexander Gabuev,,,2022-03-10T10:58:02Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7834,Satellite imagery provides new details about an attack on an airport in western Ukraine.,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/03/08/world/ukraine-russia-war,New satellite imagery shows damage to Vinnytsia Airport after missile strike,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P7E8RZBG,2022-03-08,Christoph Koettl,,The New York Times,2022-03-09T18:36:07Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7835,Giving Peace a Chance,Blog post,https://samf.substack.com/p/giving-peace-a-chance,Can Putin and Zelensky agree a way out?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/27AS3KE4,2022-03-09,Lawrence Freedman,,,2022-03-09T17:44:57Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7836,"British Intelligence on the German Air Force and Aircraft Industry, 1933–1939",Journal article,https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/historical-journal/article/abs/british-intelligence-on-the-german-air-force-and-aircraft-industry-19331939/FA55076175EC73814A745AC4A0411510,"The advent of the Hitler regime in Germany in early 1933, with its emphasis on the overthrow of the Versailles- peace treaty restrictions and the re-militarization of German society, caused a fundamental shift in the focus of Bntish intelligence activity. Germany replaced Russia and the Comintern as the primary target. The arm of German military power which commanded the most attention was the Luftwaffe, Germany's new air force. The bomber was the only weapon with which Germany could directly threaten Britain; by which London and the industrial Midlands could be made vulnerable; which could strike at the civilian population. Out of this nexus of strategic anxieties, the air staff created their ‘worst-case’ assumption. The worst case, as the air ministry consistently saw it during the 1930s, was a massive German air attack launched against Great Britain with the object of forcing a quick surrender, primarily through the collapse of civilian morale. Group Captain J. C. Slessor, director of plans in the air ministry (and a future chief of the air staff), admitted in his memoirs that,’ in those years immediately before the war the possibility of what was referred to as the knock-out blow bore very heavily on the minds of the Air Staff’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N3P39VG4,1982/09,Wesley K. Wark,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2022-03-09T17:20:25Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1017/S0018246X00011821,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2101538911,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2101538911,2014.0,2018.0,1982.0,,32.0 7837,Know your enemy: how the Joint Intelligence Committee saw the world,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BDJHLDHI,2002,Percy Cradock,J. Murray,,2022-03-09T17:18:54Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7838,Miscalculation and Myopia in Moscow: Understanding Russia’s Regime Change Folly,Blog post,https://mwi.usma.edu/miscalculation-and-myopia-in-moscow-understanding-russias-regime-change-folly/,"As Russian forces in Ukraine approach two weeks in the country since their invasion, it has become increasingly clear that Russian efforts to achieve a quick military victory in Ukraine and replace the regime in Kyiv with a more pliable one have failed. Vladimir Putin premised the initial plan of operations seemingly on the idea […]",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IHVZL9Z8,2022-03-09T09:42:45+00:00,Benjamin Denison,,,2022-03-09T14:26:14Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7839,Intelligence cooperation and new trends in space technology: do the ties still bind?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2018.1452897,"For the first time since the 1970s, Canberra cannot assume the joint facilities will continue to underpin the Australia–US alliance. Intelligence cooperation via outer space, described as the ‘strategic essence’ of this relationship, is poised for transformation. New technologies are being developed for satellite communication, with laser systems capable of bypassing ground control stations outside US territory. As a result, the one indispensable role for Australia in US national security—hosting infrastructure to relay intelligence about nuclear and missile activity—could become irrelevant in the years ahead. With questions raised about the Trump administration’s commitment to security partners and the risk of US disengagement from Asia, these findings have implications for Australian alliance diplomacy. If intelligence ties bind these countries together at present, Canberra can expect some risk of loosening in the future and will need to think carefully about the development of national intelligence resources over the long term.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZQ3UIEAW,"July 4, 2018",David Schaefer,Routledge,Australian Journal of International Affairs,2022-03-07T16:02:09Z,"['PBHFUE8W', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/10357718.2018.1452897,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2802939153,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2802939153,2020.0,2021.0,2018.0,,2.0 7840,Analysing the Performance of the Russian Armed Forces in Ukraine,Webpage,https://twitter.com/RUSI_org/status/1500833654049697792,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PJNJUC3Q,2022-03-07T14:00Z,RUSI,,,2022-03-07T15:42:15Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7841,War in Ukraine: Current State and What’s Next with Experts on RU mil (Twitter Spaces),Webpage,https://twitter.com/dalperovitch/status/1500636656633847808?s=12,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4RZ3PHJ9,07 March 2022,Dimitri Alperovitch,,,2022-03-07T13:24:03Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7842,The Intelligence Trap,Blog post,https://medium.com/@benkeene/the-intelligence-trap-9114f892d527,The Intelligence Trap: Why smart people do stupid things and how to make wiser decisions by David Robson,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IGYHSQW4,2019-05-16T18:56:55.841Z,Ben Keene,,,2022-03-07T11:10:38Z,['CZJ36V8L'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7843,Spywatchers: Governing Intelligence in an Imperfect World,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paT-SHwqZMk,"Held at the National Press Club, Washington, DC on December 10, 2018. Moderated by Michael Morell, and featuring George Little, Lisa Monaco, John Rizzo, and Mark Zaid.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H7LW77VU,2018-12-18,,,,2022-03-07T08:46:41Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7844,The Hill Has Eyes: Congressional Oversight of Intelligence,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFpLxV-GaXA,"Held at the National Press Club, Washington, DC on March 11, 2019. Moderated by Michael Morell, and featuring Saxby Chambliss, Jane Harman, Bill Nelson, and Mike Rogers. Opening remarks by Senator Mark Warner (D), Virginia.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GECHZFVU,2019-03-18,,,,2022-03-07T08:46:13Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7845,2020 Vision: Intelligence and the U.S. Presidential Election,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOJThbDmzZQ,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/M2GZK2F4,2019-11-07,,,,2022-03-07T08:46:01Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7846,"A Conversation with Sue Gordon, Former Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence",Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyTvE4C8RHE,"On Monday, February 10th, the Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy, and International Security hosted former Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence Susan M. Gordon to discuss her storied career in the intelligence community, intelligence challenges in a new era, and being an intelligence professional in the Trump administration. Hayden Center fellow and Schar School distinguished visiting professor Michael Morell moderated the discussion.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QM8TMF6B,2020-03-18,,,,2022-03-07T08:45:47Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'WHBCJ8GW']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7847,Intelligence in a Pandemic,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UhokLt7Wz2w,"The Hayden Center hosts Michael Morell, former CIA deputy director and acting director, and Glenn Gerstell, former NSA general counsel, in a conversation on intelligence in a pandemic. They examine the impact the coronavirus pandemic has had and will have on the US intelligence community.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MUQ646IN,2020-05-01,,,,2022-03-07T08:45:30Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7848,US officials say Biden administration is sharing intelligence with Ukraine at a 'frenetic' pace,Newspaper article,https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/04/politics/us-ukraine-intelligence/index.html,"The US has multiple channels open and is sharing intelligence with Ukraine at a ""frenetic"" pace, US officials said Thursday, disputing criticism that the Biden administration is not sharing battlefield intelligence fast enough.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WJ32PV4Y,04 March 2022,"Natasha Bertrannd, Katie Bo Lillis",,CNN,2022-03-07T08:33:55Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7849,Spy Writing in the Real World,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s94WHs2zkJ0,"The Intelligence Community has found itself making real world headlines in recent years, but spying has been a staple in fiction writing for decades. Both non-spies and former intel officers have crafted spy thrillers that have won critical and popular praise. What are the differences between writing spy novels with or without previous intelligence experience? What are the challenges of writing realistic spy fiction? How much creative license is needed to make it exciting? How much realism is sacrificed in the process? How do real life spies react to spy fiction? How different is their response to that of the broader public? Join the Michael V. Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy, and International Security as senior fellow David Priess talked with critically acclaimed authors Alma Katsu, Karen Cleveland, and Brad Thor about spy writing in the real world and about their exciting new novels. Award-winning author Alma Katsu a former CIA and NSA analyst, has written five novels prior to RED WIDOW, her first spy novel, which was named in March a NY Times Editor's Choice and is in development for a TV series with FOX. Karen Cleveland is a former CIA analyst and the New York Times bestselling author of NEED TO KNOW and KEEP YOU CLOSE. Her third novel, YOU CAN RUN, will be published in August. Brad Thor is the #1 New York Times bestselling author of 21 thrillers. His newest, BLACK ICE, continues the adventures of Scot Harvath, America’s top spy, will be published June 22nd. The Hayden Center is located at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government in Arlington, VA. General Michael V. Hayden, our founder and former director of CIA and NSA, has been a distinguished visiting professor at Schar School for 11 years. David Priess, COO of The Lawfare Institute, has joined the Schar School as a visiting professor this year. Music by audionatix.com.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KVTURTKW,2021-04-21,,,,2022-03-07T08:30:32Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7850,The Future of Intelligence,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycTwc8njWzE,"In a rapidly changing world, the U.S. Intelligence Community must be prepared to evolve just as rapidly to keep pace with new challenges, new tools of spycraft, and new workforce needs. Who will be the targets of the intelligence community in the coming years? Will China be the top intelligence priority? Will terrorism remain an issue on the IC’s agenda? How will it approach non-traditional challenges like climate change? What technology will the IC use? How might America’s adversaries take advantage of these developments? Where will the intelligence community find talent? How will it ensure it has the people it needs in a competitive labor market? To answer these questions and more, the Michael V. Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy, and International Security is pleased to present a panel of distinguished intelligence leaders. Hayden Center senior fellow, and former deputy and acting CIA Director, Michael Morell moderates a discussion featuring former CIA director John Brennan; Robert Cardillo, former Deputy Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency and Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency; and former Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence Susan Gordon. The Hayden Center is located at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government in Arlington, VA. Gen Hayden, our founder and former director of CIA and NSA, and Michael Morell have been distinguished visiting professors at Schar School for 11 and 2 years, respectively. Music: The Right Direction by Shane Ivers - https://www.silvermansound.com",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HITFBRAV,2021-05-22,,,,2022-03-07T08:30:21Z,['7R9UG9WU'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7851,Intelligence & War in Afghanistan,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdgazBRMAiQ,"The withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan brings an end to the longest war in the nation’s history. American intelligence put the first boots on the ground in 2001 and the need for intelligence on Afghanistan hasn’t ended with the removal of combat troops. General (ret) Michael V. Hayden, former director of CIA and NSA, and the Michael V. Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy, and International Security are pleased to present a panel of distinguished former intelligence officials to explore the role of the American intelligence community in Afghanistan. Joining us are Michael Vickers, former Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence, former Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict, and a former CIA officer who played a key role in arming the resistance to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. We also hosted Philip Reilly, a former Chief of Operations at CIA’s Counterterrorism Center, chief of its Special Activities Division, and a former chief of station in Kabul from 2008 to 2009. They are joined by former deputy and acting CIA director Michael Morell. Olivia Gazis, an intelligence and national security reporter at CBS News, moderates the event. The Hayden Center is located at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government in Arlington, VA. Gen Hayden, our founder, and Michael Morell, a senior fellow at the center, have been distinguished visiting professors at Schar School for 12 and 3 years, respectively. Music: https://www.bensound.com",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FYH5ARVG,2021-10-01,,,,2022-03-07T08:29:47Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7852,COVID & INTELLIGENCE: WHAT MORE CAN BE DONE?,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWu2rDE-kAc,"The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc on everything from global supply chains to individual lives, with its long-term implications only beginning to take shape. Pandemics, a public health issue, are proving to be a national security one as well. Are America’s national security institutions prepared to address this threat? What role should the intelligence community play? What reforms could improve global health surveillance? The Michael V. Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy, and International Security and the Schar School’s biodefense program are pleased to present a discussion on these questions. Panelists include Rep. Eric Swalwell (CA-15), a four-term congressman at the forefront of legislative efforts to reform the intelligence community’s approach to pandemic awareness; Dr. Julie Gerberding, who served as director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2002 to 2009, where she led the agency through the SARS outbreak, and currently a senior leader at the pharmaceutical company Merck; and Matt Berrett, a former CIA assistant director and head of its Global Issues Mission Center, and cofounder of the Center for Anticipatory Intelligence at Utah State University. David Priess, our senior fellow and publisher and chief operating officer of Lawfare, moderates the event The Hayden Center is located at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy & Government in Arlington, VA. Gen Hayden, our founder, has been a distinguished visiting professor at Schar School for 12 years, while David Priess, our senior fellow joined the Schar School last year. Consider supporting the Hayden Center and Schar School with a donation. Please visit our secure donation site at https://bit.ly/35IQo4w, identify your donation as a one-time, multi-payment, or recurring gift, specify an amount under “Other,” and type “Hayden Center” in the comments box. Thank you. Music: ""New Beginnings"" by bensound.com",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/974XCQWX,2021-12-03,,,,2022-03-07T08:29:14Z,['N8VR3BYE'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7853,Ukraine Crisis: What It Really Means,Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOd0jNeF9eY,"Join General Michael V. Hayden, former CIA and NSA Director, as he welcomes former Deputy Secretary General of NATO Rose Gottemoeller, former Deputy National Intelligence Officer for Russia & Eurasia Andrea Kendall-Taylor, and former senior CIA operations officer John Sipher as they peel back the layers of the Ukrainian crisis and examine the full implications for U.S. national security. Michael Morell, former Acting and Deputy Director of CIA Michael Morell leads the conversation. The Hayden Center is located at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government in Arlington, VA. General Hayden, our founder, and Michael Morell, our senior fellow, have been distinguished visiting professors at Schar School for 12 and 3 years, respectively. Consider supporting the Hayden Center and Schar School with a donation. Please visit our secure donation site at https://bit.ly/35IQo4w, identify your donation as a one-time, multi-payment, or recurring gift, specify an amount under “Other,” and type “Hayden Center” in the comments box. Thank you. Music: Battle of 1066 by Patrick Patrikios",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7N3DABXU,2022-02-11,,,,2022-03-07T08:28:43Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7854,"Spies, Lies, and Algorithms",Video,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDjfaQ4L7f4,"“Today we face a critical juncture for American spy agencies, as big as 9/11--only most people don’t know it,” says Amy B. Zegart, a leading expert on intelligence and professor at Stanford University. Professor Zegart captures the past and future of American intelligence in her compelling new book ""Spies, Lies, and Algorithms,"" one General Michael V. Hayden, former CIA and NSA Director, says is already becoming compulsory reading for any student or practitioner of intelligence. General Hayden welcomes Professor Zegart to the Michael V. Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy, and International Security for a chat on her book with our senior fellow David Priess. Priess is a former CIA analyst and author himself of ""The President's Book of Secrets,"" an examination of the history of the President's daily intelligence briefing. The Hayden Center is located at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government in Arlington, VA. General Hayden, our founder, has been a distinguished visiting professors at Schar School for 12 years. David Priess joined him in teaching courses there this academic year. Consider supporting the Hayden Center and Schar School with a donation. Please visit our secure donation site at https://bit.ly/35IQo4w, identify your donation as a one-time, multi-payment, or recurring gift, specify an amount under “Other,” and type “Hayden Center” in the comments box. Thank you. Music: ""East"" by Silent Partner.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2T44MXLQ,2022-02-20,,,,2022-03-07T08:28:24Z,['E5UVWK8S'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7855,The nature of US intelligence is radically different - and more open - with the Ukraine invasion,Newspaper article,https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/the-nature-of-us-intelligence-is-radically-different-and-more-open-with-the-ukraine-invasion-20220306-p5a28w.html,Washington is competing in a world that is more transparent yet more confounded by fake news.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DB327WL3,2022-03-06T18:00:00+00:00,Ben Scott,,The Sydney Morning Herald,2022-03-07T08:25:09Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7856,Ukraine (Twitter list),Webpage,https://twitter.com/i/lists/1492860182484987906,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8S6CFYPV,,,,,2022-03-06T21:58:09Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7857,What Russian Officials Think of the Invasion of Ukraine,Blog post,https://ilyalozovsky.substack.com/p/what-russian-officials-think-of-the,"A senior banker is ""in mourning."" Some members of parliament are thinking of giving up their seats. A translation of Farida Rustamova's insider report.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GERAAW3Q,2022-03-06,Ilya Lozovsky,,,2022-03-06T21:44:39Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7858,Space and Time,Blog post,https://samf.substack.com/p/space-and-time,With the costs of war mounting and his army in disarray Putin is running out of options,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZT6Y5NBY,2022-03-06,Lawrence Freedman,,,2022-03-06T17:30:13Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7859,Feeding the Bear: A Closer Look at Russian Army Logistics and the Fait Accompli,Blog post,https://warontherocks.com/2021/11/feeding-the-bear-a-closer-look-at-russian-army-logistics/,Editor's note: Don't miss our comprehensive guide to Russia's war against Ukraine. Russia’s military buildup along the border with Ukraine has,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SIINWC9A,2021-11-23T08:45:31+00:00,Alex Vershinin,,,2022-03-06T10:22:02Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7860,Would Putin dare drop the bomb?,Newspaper article,https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/how-likely-is-a-nuclear-war-and-what-weapons-does-russia-have-v5k0zd37f,"On October 24, 1962, the US Strategic Air Command moved its alert status to Defcon 2 — Defcon being short for “defence readiness condition”. This was far remov",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XMM6ZAH8,05 March 2022,Lawrence Freedman,,,2022-03-06T09:17:08Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7861,U.S. intelligence weighs Putin’s two years of extreme pandemic isolation as a factor in his wartime mind-set.,Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/05/world/putin-pandemic-mindset.html,"Analysts are debating whether the Russian leader’s ambitions and appetite for risk have been altered by his long-held Covid bubble, or by his urgency to secure a legacy, or both.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AC4NRSVJ,2022-03-05,"David E. Sanger, Anton Troianovski",,The New York Times,2022-03-06T00:16:40Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7862,The Weapon the West Used Against Putin,Magazine article,https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/03/russia-ukraine-invasion-classified-intelligence/626557/,The way in which the U.S. disclosed intelligence ahead of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine could drastically change geopolitics in the future.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VXVLNHYM,2022-03-05T10:00:00Z,Amy Zegart,,The Atlantic,2022-03-05T14:38:35Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7863,The Admiralty and Cipher Machines During the Second World War: Not So Stupid after All,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2002.10555069,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GYEY4TR3,"December 1, 2002",Ralph Erskine,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-05T13:02:11Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2002.10555069,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2523676244,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2523676244,2015.0,2021.0,2002.0,,13.0 7864,"Counter-intelligence Soviet Style: The Activities of Soviet Security Services in East Germany, 1945–1955",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555080,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RN9J5AKD,"June 1, 2003",Andreas Hilger,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-05T13:01:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'RHJFPRAI']",10.1080/16161262.2003.10555080,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2302372347,0.0,False,,,,2003.0,, 7865,American-French Intelligence Relations and the French Nuclear Deterrent,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555077,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PV48BUTD,"June 1, 2003",Charles Cogan,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:38:11Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2003.10555077,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W315012175,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W315012175,2014.0,2020.0,2003.0,,11.0 7866,“Bound” to Cooperate—Austria's Little-known Intelligence Community Since 1945,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555074,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GNFXQBUD,"June 1, 2003",Siegfried Beer,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:37:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2003.10555074,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2605294456,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2605294456,2020.0,2022.0,2003.0,,17.0 7867,Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism: A Clausewitzian-Historical Analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555073,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JXH9DE33,"June 1, 2003",Brian R. Sullivan,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:37:13Z,['TLFN4NAL'],10.1080/16161262.2003.10555073,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2550070631,0.0,False,,,,2003.0,, 7868,Saddam's Security Apparatus During the Invasion of Kuwait and the Kuwaiti Resistance,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555087,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NTHN8W9L,"December 1, 2003",Ibrahim Al-Marashi,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:36:56Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2003.10555087,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2518397040,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2518397040,2025.0,2026.0,2003.0,,22.0 7869,"Moles, Defectors, and Deceptions: James Angleton and CIA Counterintelligence",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2003.10555085,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8GX8F94S,"December 1, 2003",David Robarge,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:36:35Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/16161262.2003.10555085,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1510657413,26.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1510657413,2022.0,2022.0,2003.0,,19.0 7870,American Clandestine Intelligence in Early Postwar Europe,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2004.10555091,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y897FXY7,"June 1, 2004",David Alvarez,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:35:41Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2004.10555091,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1526093647,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1526093647,2017.0,2017.0,2004.0,,13.0 7871,The Greek Intelligence Service and Post-9/11 Challenges,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2004.10555101,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FBRJ9I88,"December 1, 2004",John M. Nomikos,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:26:31Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/16161262.2004.10555101,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2287727997,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2287727997,2015.0,2015.0,2004.0,,11.0 7872,The Hidden Origins of Intelligence History: Rehabilitating the ‘Airport Bookstall’,Journal article,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-229X.12466,"This article is a clarion call for the rehabilitation of works on intelligence in what Christopher Andrew once referred to as the ‘airport bookstall’ genre. It argues that a more fitting epitaph for the literature from intelligence history's earliest days is better designated as the ‘Muckraker Era’, rather than the ‘airport bookstall’. My argument proceeds on three fronts. First, these writers from the latter half of the twentieth century – rather than being cast out as pariahs – should be thought of as trailblazers, as many of the techniques they pioneered have formed the methodological backbone of historical research into intelligence. Second, the literature from this period, triangulated with recent scholarship, should be re-examined, as precious practical contributions can be identified. Lastly, throughout the article I will attempt to recast the literature from this period, offering a new more constructive perspective that is in keeping with the ethos of today's professional historian. My argument focuses on the works of three authors – Rebecca West, Gordon Brook-Shepherd and John Bulloch – as emblematic authors of the Muckraker Era, in methods, contribution and the indifference of subsequent intelligence scholars to their work.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E77TAFFR,2017,Jules Gaspard,,History,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1111/1468-229X.12466,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2766225420,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2766225420,2020.0,2024.0,2017.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/113507268/The_Hidden_Origins_of_Intelligence_GASPARD_Published_Online_27_October_2017_GREEN_AAM.pdf,3.0 7873,The KGB in Eastern Europe during the Cold War: On Agents and Confidential Contacts,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2005.10555111,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X2LT622P,"June 1, 2005",Ben de Jong,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:25:36Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2005.10555111,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2235185209,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2235185209,2014.0,2024.0,2005.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16161262.2005.10555111,9.0 7874,"Western Intelligence Operations in Eastern Europe, 1945–1954",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2005.10555109,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DX7ITPST,"June 1, 2005",Yuri Totrov,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:25:20Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2005.10555109,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1494086723,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1494086723,2015.0,2023.0,2005.0,,10.0 7875,Austro-Hungarian Counter-intelligence Activities Prior to World War I: The Local Level,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2005.10555105,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QJKVN35B,"June 1, 2005",Martin Moll,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T23:24:46Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/16161262.2005.10555105,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W314080443,0.0,False,,,,2005.0,, 7876,Spanish Intelligence During the Second Republic and the Civil War: 1931–1939,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555124,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6LXCC9XP,"June 1, 2006",Antonio Díaz,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T22:32:56Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/16161262.2006.10555124,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2275971236,0.0,False,,,,2006.0,, 7877,Cold War Radar Intelligence: Operation ‘Cerberus’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2006.10555132,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GZDGJK4S,"December 1, 2006",Shlomo Shpiro,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T22:32:22Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2006.10555132,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W562602400,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W562602400,2019.0,2025.0,2006.0,,13.0 7878,"The Stasi's UK Operations: Subversion and Espionage, 1973–1989",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2007.10555139,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GLXLJT44,"June 1, 2007",Anthony Glees,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T22:31:52Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2007.10555139,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2245393863,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2245393863,2020.0,2020.0,2007.0,,13.0 7879,"Shaping Germany's Post-War Intelligence Service: The Gehlen Organization, the U.S. Army, and Central Intelligence, 1945–1949",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2007.10555138,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YDBRWPNU,"June 1, 2007",Jens Wegener,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T22:31:29Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2007.10555138,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W347196326,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W347196326,2019.0,2023.0,2007.0,,12.0 7880,"Greek Military Intelligence and the Italian Threat, 1934–1940",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2007.10555136,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CDBG762V,"June 1, 2007",Panagiotis Dimitrakis,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T22:30:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2007.10555136,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2246086272,0.0,False,,,,2007.0,, 7881,"SS-Intelligence, Covert Operations and the Slovak Declaration of Independence in March 1939",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2008.10555155,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/74LBX38R,"December 1, 2008",Florian Altenhöner,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T22:28:10Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2008.10555155,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2492523791,0.0,False,,,,2008.0,, 7882,"French aspirations and Anglo-Saxon suspicions: France, signals intelligence and the UKUSA agreement at the dawn of the Cold War",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.755021,"Although France ranked among the victors in 1945 and set about creating a world-class Sigint apparatus as she rose from her ashes, Paris was not invited to sign the 1946 UKUSA Agreement – nor did French leaders want to join the AUSCANUKUS community. Determining how this situation came about is not as straightforward as it seems. France had played a pivotal role in early peacetime Sigint cooperation, the breaking the Enigma and collaboration with Great Britain continued even after the fall of France in 1940. Nevertheless, post-war French ambitions and Anglo-Saxon suspicions prevailed at the dawn of the Cold War, resulting in a unique dynamic between these three powers.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CZVW4IG3,"January 1, 2013",Hugues Canuel,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T22:24:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2013.755021,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2046172629,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2046172629,2016.0,2023.0,2013.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2013.755021?needAccess=true,3.0 7883,‘Die deutsche Spionage ist auf Zack.’ German Soldiers speak about Intelligence Services (1939–1945),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.755019,"Evaluations of German military intelligence during the Second World War lack a certain contemporary dimension. The recent digitalisation of secret records of conversations between German prisoners of war, made by British intelligence, enables computer-based research on that topic. This article will analyse various statements from around 400 German soldiers concerning their intelligence system, its organisation and usefulness. They each perceived the organisation and personnel of the German system in different ways depending on personal experience. Collection methods were widely discussed and in the case of the use of force during interrogation situations criticised. The analysis of raw material and the link between intelligence and its use in battle can be found to a lesser extent. Although German prisoners mentioned successful applications of intelligence within combat situations enthusiastic comments increasingly diminished during the course of the war. In addition, a growing awareness of a functioning British intelligence system can be detected. The appreciation of the significance of intelligence and its use in combat remained very limited. Summing up, the secret protocols offer a unique access to contemporary views on intelligence and to a German perception in particular.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RLLTA8C7,"January 1, 2013",Falko Bell,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T22:24:12Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2013.755019,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1981410111,0.0,True,,,,2013.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2013.755019?needAccess=true, 7884,"A spy's paradise? German espionage in the Netherlands, 1914–1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.755017,"During the First World War The Netherlands were extremely important for espionage by the warring states. They used the neutral territory as spring-board for infiltration and propaganda, but they were interested in Holland itself too. This article deals with German espionage related to The Netherlands. German agents were active both to gather information on the Entente and to know more about the Dutch defence and the Dutch political and military intentions. The Dutch Military Intelligence used the police to observe and stay in touch with foreign spies. Through these channels information was exchanged, as it was also in Dutch interest to inform the warring states that the country would never choose sides and their defence was credible. Also, the Dutch wanted to avoid possible dangerous political complications as a result of foreign activities on their soil.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8KS8IP89,"January 1, 2013",Wim Klinkert,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T22:23:45Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/16161262.2013.755017,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2077670432,5.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2077670432,2017.0,2021.0,2013.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2013.755017?needAccess=true,4.0 7885,Is the Russian Air Force Actually Incapable of Complex Air Operations?,Blog post,https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/rusi-defence-systems/russian-air-force-actually-incapable-complex-air-operations,"More than a week into the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian Air Force has yet to commence large-scale operations. Inactivity in the first few days could be ascribed to various factors, but the continued absence of major air operations now raises serious capability questions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GH58IM6K,04 March 2022,Justin Bronk,,,2022-03-04T22:22:45Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7886,The British intelligence station in San Francisco during the First World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.755016,"During World War I, a network of Indian revolutionaries with the logistical aid of Irish nationalists and the financial aid of German agents made efforts to smuggle guns from the United States to India for a revolt against the British Raj. British agents established a forward intelligence station in San Francisco to aid American authorities in halting and prosecuting these violations of US neutrality laws. This article describes these lesser-known activities of British intelligence working with American authorities in San Francisco with the argument that this station was just as active and important as the better-known New York station of British intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YJGJM9Y9,"January 1, 2013",Matthew Erin Plowman,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T21:44:58Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/16161262.2013.755016,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1964303141,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1964303141,2016.0,2024.0,2013.0,,3.0 7887,"The demise of an industrious intelligence centre: the re-organisation of economic intelligence at the end of the Second World War, 1943–1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.785663,"During the Second World War, Enemy Branch of the Ministry of Economic Warfare (MEW) was responsible for providing economic intelligence which was used to guide the blockade and strategic bombing of Germany, as well as informing British planners about the enemy's war potential and its ability to equip and maintain its armed forces. Yet, despite its successful work and the realisation throughout Whitehall that economic intelligence would be needed after the war, Enemy Branch was wound down even before the conflict was over. This article seeks to answer the puzzling question of Enemy Branch's demise while the rest of the intelligence community continued to prosper. It puts the demise of Enemy Branch into the context of the ‘Cold War in Whitehall’, the quarrel between the Foreign Office and the Chiefs of Staff over British post-war policies towards the Soviet Union. The Foreign Office briefly took over Enemy Branch in the last year of the war to use its expertise in order to run the Economic and Industrial Planning Staff, but it had no long-term interest in this economic intelligence organisation. The military, on the other hand, had long-term needs for economic intelligence, but was loath to partake in an inter-departmental economic intelligence organisation, particularly when it was controlled by the Foreign Office. In the end, despite its good track record, Enemy Branch succumbed to bureaucratic infighting and the lack of a natural ally to shelter it.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NNLNH6WS,"June 1, 2013",Michael Seibold,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T21:43:09Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2013.785663,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2039473521,0.0,False,,,,2013.0,, 7888,US intelligence and Chinese spies in the civil war,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.850836,"Throughout the civil war, US intelligence in China reported on the operations of the Bureau of Information and Statistics (BIS) of the regime of the Kuomintang (KMT) – the ruling Chinese National People’s Party of the Republic of China – the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and Soviet intelligence (the NKVD – later the MBG and its military intelligence counterpart the GRU) in the vast urban centres of Shanghai, Nanjing, Tietsin and Beijing, as well as in key ports and coastal cities. Opponents multiplied in the complex and ruthless world of espionage, and honest allies were hard to find. The descendant of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the Strategic Services Unit (SSU), the X-2 Branch (the surviving counter-intelligence branch of the OSS), Army and Naval Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) and ultimately, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) were the key agencies handling secret human sources, witnessing the rapid decay of the KMT regime, the performance of its security apparatus, and the PLA’s secret activities among the urban population. US intelligence also noted the extensive recruitment of Japanese intelligence networks and operators to serve the Soviets, the KMT regime and the Communist Party of China (CPC); only a couple of years earlier Japanese spies were the enemy, and now they were deemed expert intelligence assets, to be employed without hesitation. One could say that in espionage yesterday’s fanatical enemy is tomorrow’s unscrupulous associate.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RIXKKS8K,"January 2, 2014",Panagiotis Dimitrakis,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T21:42:16Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2013.850836,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2085242896,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2085242896,2017.0,2023.0,2013.0,,4.0 7889,"MI5’s investigation of Ronald Sydney Seth, SOE’s Agent Blunderhead and the SD’s Agent 22D: Loyal British agent or Nazi double agent?",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.848532,"This article charts the colourful wartime career of Special Operations Executive (SOE) agent Ronald Sydney Seth and presents for the first time the subsequent investigation into his wartime conduct by MI5. Seth, as Agent Blunderhead, was parachuted into German-occupied Estonia late in 1942 to destroy the country’s vital shale oil plants. Upon landing, Seth was swiftly captured and offered to work for the Germans as a double agent. In April 1945, Seth was sent over the German border into Switzerland as SD Agent 22D, where he promptly presented the British with sensational peace terms from Himmler. This article presents the British security services’ remarkable conclusions and indicates that, in their opinion, Seth was ‘spiritually so much under German domination that he intends to work for an Anglo-German understanding and an anti-Russian policy after the war’, had ‘not told us all about the services he rendered to the Germans’, was of ‘unbalanced character and rabidly anti-Soviet’, ‘extremely untruthful’, prone to ‘megalomania’ and that ‘neither his loyalty to this country nor his discretion were all that could be desired’. Seth was also considered to be a post-war security threat whose job opportunities should be restricted. Despite these revelations, Seth was never prosecuted and was able to become a successful post-war espionage author. This article explains how these seemingly obvious contradictions came to pass.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9QGG4ID7,"January 2, 2014",Ben Wheatley,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-04T21:41:53Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2013.848532,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W1982110655,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1982110655,2020.0,2020.0,2013.0,,7.0 7890,Should the UK ban Russian broadcaster RT? | Feature from King's College London,Blog post,https://www.kcl.ac.uk/should-the-uk-ban-russian-broadcaster-rt,TREVOR BARNES AND DAVID GIOE,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I6C562JC,04 March 2022,"Trevor Barnes, David V. Gioe",,,2022-03-04T17:46:18Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7891,"‘Yes, He Would’: Fiona Hill on Putin and Nukes",Magazine article,https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/02/28/world-war-iii-already-there-00012340,"Putin is trying to take down the entire world order, the veteran Russia watcher said in an interview. But there are ways even ordinary Americans can fight back.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZBBD6N8U,28 February 2022,Maura Reynolds,,POLITICO,2022-03-04T13:28:50Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7892,The West is at war with Russia. Here’s what that means for the world.,Blog post,https://ianbremmer.bulletin.com/west-at-war-with-russia/,Vladimir Putin has to be feeling cornered by the Western response to his invasion of Ukraine. That makes him incredibly dangerous.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PNRF2DNU,03 March 2022,Ian Bremmer,,,2022-03-04T13:04:39Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7893,The Russian army is failing – but not enough to lose the war | The Spectator,Magazine article,https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-russian-army-is-failing-but-not-enough-to-lose-the-war,"There have been three major surprises for military analysts since the Russian military invaded Ukraine. The first has been the extent of the difficulties faced by the Russian army in terms of logistics, coordination of forces, morale and mobility. The second has been the failure of the Russian air...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XW2CAI53,04 March 2022,Justin Bronk,,The Spectator,2022-03-04T13:03:36Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7894,The Wargame Before the War: Russia Attacks Ukraine,Blog post,https://warontherocks.com/2022/03/the-wargame-before-the-war-russia-attacks-ukraine/,"Editor's note: Don't miss our comprehensive guide to Russia's war against Ukraine. In the two weeks prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine,",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/35XRYX3I,2022-03-02T08:45:31+00:00,"James Lacey, Tim Barrick, Nathan Barrick",,,2022-03-03T17:36:36Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7895,A ‘lantern in the dark night’: the origins and early development of China’s SIGINT service,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.906147,"This article explores the origins and early development of China’s Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) service, using data released officially since the mid-1980s. Born from revolutionary crisis in the late 1920s, the Red Army’s SIGINT service was founded in 1931, an offshoot of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s development of wireless communications. Though the USSR provided some training assistance, the formative early development of the service relied more on indigenous resources: the training of teenage novices in underground facilities in Shanghai and the Central Soviet and the use of equipment that was self-made, illicitly procured or seized on the battlefield. In the years that followed, Red Army SIGINT – much respected by CCP/Red Army leaders – survived defections and cryptographic obstacles to play a major role in the defence of the Central Soviet against Guomindang encirclement. As military defeat became inevitable, SIGINT also helped to facilitate the successful Red Army retreat that became the historic Long March.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RRYN8KXW,"July 3, 2014",David Ian Chambers,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T17:06:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2014.906147,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2063867768,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2063867768,2015.0,2023.0,2014.0,,1.0 7896,Propaganda and intelligence: Iraq 2005–2007,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.896114,"Propaganda and intelligence became interrelated on the operational level in the Iraq War after General Casey called for the creation of an Information Operations Task Force (IOTF) in 2005. The intelligence function of the IOTF was to undertake measures of effects of the propaganda efforts which also entailed psychological operations or PSYOP. The measures of effect entailed data gathering by polling and surveying the 30 million recipients of the propaganda effort through television commercials, radio broadcasts, newspaper editorials and street billboards. The data gathering and subsequent analysis were significant in the planning and implementation of the Baghdad Security Pact and the Petraeus Surge of coalition forces commencing April 2007 as a prelude to the withdrawal of coalition forces from Iraq in 2010. This article provides an eyewitness account of this process by the Director of Research of the IOTF.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JNYTRFDL,"July 3, 2014",Glen Segell,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T17:06:14Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],10.1080/16161262.2014.896114,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2140611725,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2140611725,2022.0,2022.0,2014.0,,8.0 7897,Signals in the sea: the value of Ultra intelligence in the Mediterranean in World War II,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.896113,"British decryption of Axis communications through the Ultra secret gave the Allies a substantial intelligence advantage during World War II. While this much is well known, existing scholarship focuses predominantly on Ultra’s impact on the Battle of the Atlantic. This article examines the underexplored role of Allied signals intelligence in the Mediterranean theater with reference to original decrypts of German communications between 1942 and 1943. The Mediterranean Sea was of key strategic significance for Allied and Axis supply lines; Ultra played a significant role in sustaining Allied shipping and impeding the transportation of Axis supplies across the Mediterranean. After an in-depth examination of communications the British were intercepting in the Mediterranean, this article presents three factors necessary for effective use of Ultra, which coalesced in 1942 to allow Ultra to play a significant role in the outcome of the battle over supply lines in the Mediterranean theater.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5FICYWJH,"July 3, 2014",Maria Robson,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T17:05:58Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2014.896113,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2010015155,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2010015155,2020.0,2020.0,2014.0,,6.0 7898,The surveillance of friends: MI5 and friendly aliens during the Second World War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.896110,"During the Second World War the British Security Service (MI5) was looking for Nazis spies, communists and pacifists. Parts of these operations concentrated on the antifascist German refugee community, although neither the communists nor the pacifists among them constituted a threat to national security, but rather supported Great Britain’s war effort. This article explores the observation of friendly aliens, which was driven by a fear of communists among British officials and the refugees themselves who willingly delivered information about their fellow immigrants. Using informants’ reports and the correspondence between one of the key informants and his MI5 handler it describes the measures that ranged from surveillance to torture. Finally, the article explains MI5’s internal logic and dynamics, which perpetuated the unnecessary and unjustified ‘Surveillance of Friends’.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GUN8AFX7,"July 3, 2014",Daniel Münzner,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T17:05:42Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2014.896110,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2015232016,0.0,False,,,,2014.0,, 7899,"Intelligence and disinformation in World War II and the early Cold War 1943–48: Stachowiak alias Drauschke alias Donoa, his intelligence activities in Sweden and Denmark, and the Raoul Wallenberg case",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2014.973170,"In September 1943, a Polish citizen Mieczyslaw Stachowiak, assigned with the German Wehrmacht’s Organisation Todt to Norway, left his detachment and escaped to Sweden. In the following two years he maintained contacts with no less than five diplomatic missions in Sweden – Britain, Germany, Japan, Spain and the United States – and provided them with false intelligence in return for money. In May 1945, after having tried to trick the Japanese mission in Stockholm to believe that he was a defected Soviet agent operating in Sweden under the false cover of a US citizen, Henri Brunsso Donoa, while simultaneously trying to have the Americans and British to believe that he had been assigned by the Japanese for an intelligence mission in the US, he was arrested by the Swedish police on charges of illegal intelligence activities and was deported later. After two years – in October 1947 – he turned up at the Swedish diplomatic mission in Warsaw claiming that the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who had been arrested by the Soviets in January 1945 in Budapest, had managed to escape his Soviet guards and was staying with Polish partisans in southeast Poland. This article describes Stachowiak’s intelligence activities, the diplomatic missions and the Swedish police efforts to investigate his disinformation and discusses whether he acted on orders from Moscow when approaching the Swedes regarding Wallenberg.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SS63UJDY,"January 2, 2015",Johan Matz,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:34:44Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'MQMHZUFD', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2014.973170,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2083302589,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2083302589,2023.0,2023.0,2014.0,,9.0 7900,"Looking for meaning: lessons from Mossad’s failed adaptation to the post-Cold War era, 1991–2013",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2015.1033238,"The end of the Cold War ushered in a new era in which Western intelligence establishments needed to reform and adapt to the new security environment of the twenty-first century. The Israeli foreign intelligence service (Mossad) offers a unique case study of operational and organisational adaptation. During the Cold War the organisation enjoyed many successes, but also some setbacks. However the post-Cold War security environment, which was characterised by reconciliation processes and an expanding variety of asymmetric and non-conventional threats, was a catalyst for reform inside Mossad. The article has two goals: first it will investigate the utility of Amy Zegart’s conceptual framework of intelligence adaptability and internally driven adaptation. Second, it will review Mossad’s efforts to adapt. The article will demonstrate that despite reforms that have taken place over the past two decades, not much progress has been achieved.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UEJ4R84G,"July 3, 2015",Tamir Libel,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:33:15Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'WHBCJ8GW']",10.1080/16161262.2015.1033238,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2078046255,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2078046255,2022.0,2024.0,2015.0,,7.0 7901,"Stay-behind operations, former members of SS and Wehrmacht, and American intelligence services in early Cold War Germany",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2016.1181400,"American intelligence organizations set up stay-behind operations, equipped and trained a secret irregular army in early post-war Germany collaborating with a large number of former members of Schutzstaffel (SS) and German Wehrmacht. During this cooperation, knowledge became a commodity to be exchanged for protection from prosecution and for future job opportunities. Intertwining different and differing communities of practice and knowledge, they constructed a shared Cold War paradigm that served as the foundation for a transatlantic security architecture.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TLQWNB9R,"July 2, 2016",Michael Wala,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:24:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2016.1181400,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2346114775,18.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2346114775,2019.0,2023.0,2016.0,,3.0 7902,The deadliest enemies of Australia: the politics of intelligence during the Australian conscription controversies of 1916–1917,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2016.1258246,"The subject of this paper examines the use of intelligence by the Australian government during the conscription controversies of World War One. Throughout the war, the government of William Morris Hughes had been engaged in a bitter conflict with radicals, trade unions, Irish nationalists, and members of the Labor Party over implementing the policy of military conscription. Twice the issue was put to the Australian people in a referendum, and twice it was defeated. The Hughes government saw this defeat partly as the result of the anti-conscription movement. Consequently, it had no scruples in using the intelligence services to suppress its political enemies. Within this context, this paper looks at how intelligence, throughout the conscription campaigns, became a means of suppressing political opposition and dissent. It discusses the government’s rationale for such behaviour and offers an assessment of the circumambient conditions that enabled intelligence to be used for political gain.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N4BUK5B9,"January 2, 2017",Justin T. McPhee,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:17:08Z,['BNPYHVD4'],10.1080/16161262.2016.1258246,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2564434626,0.0,True,,,,2016.0,, 7903,Politicising intelligence: what went wrong with the UK and US assessments on Iraqi WMD in 2002,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1397400,"This essay aims at establishing whether the failure of the intelligence reports that led to the Iraqi War is to blame on flaws in the analysis or on the alleged politicisation. It will do so by examining three possible classes of explanations for the failure. Firstly, it will analyse structural features of the UK and US Intelligence Communities, explaining how the organisation can affect the accuracy of the assessments. Secondly, it will focus on the analytical breakdowns occurred in the 2002 process of assessment. Thirdly, it will address the issue of politicisation, in both its forms of political pressure and political representation of the perceived truth. Finally, it will argue that, although the analysis was undoubtedly flawed, the politicisation played a major role in the failure of the 2002 assessments.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BBXBFQHD,"January 2, 2018",Giovanni Coletta,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:16:10Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/16161262.2017.1397400,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2770804260,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2770804260,2020.0,2025.0,2017.0,,3.0 7904,"Japanese intelligence and covert operations: a strategic evaluation of Fujiwara Kikan in the invasion of Malaya and Singapore, 1941–1942",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1397398,"During World War II (WWII) various intelligence organisations had been set up specifically to conduct covert operations which focused on sabotage, subversion and propaganda activities. A large number of academic studies on WWII covert operations focused on allied covert operations and not many had evaluated the strategic effectiveness of Japanese covert operations. One such Japanese unit was the Fujiwara Kikan or F. Kikan which was formed to support the Japanese invasion of Malaya and Singapore. This article describes F. Kikan’s activities and evaluates its strategic effectiveness. Although there were some arguments that F. Kikan’s successes had been squandered by the too traditional-thinking military leadership that mistrusted covert operations, this article argues that F. Kikan had garnered minimal strategic effects in the support of the Japanese victory in Malaya and Singapore, and the Japanese military leadership was right in downplaying F. Kikan’s role.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CJ78VEAY,"January 2, 2018",Adam Leong Kok Wey,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:15:41Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2017.1397398,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2768381862,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2768381862,2023.0,2023.0,2017.0,,6.0 7905,The sensitivity of SIGINT: Sir Alfred Ewing’s lecture on room 40 in 1927,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2017.1385197,"Based on a hitherto unnoticed batch of letters between Sir Alfred Ewing and former Prime Minister Lord Balfour, this article discusses the Admiralty’s reaction to a lecture Ewing gave in 1927, detailing his experience as the man in charge of the World War I cryptographic unit, Room 40. Threatening Ewing with prosecution under the Official Secrets Act, the Admiralty prevented publication of the lecture in one of a series of actions that set the tone not just for the interwar years, but also for World War II and the Cold War. The article explains the Admiralty’s viewpoint and motives, and shows how Ewing offered a cogent if unsuccessful defence based on his views that dirty tricks should be discontinued in peacetime, and that the historical record should be set straight.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N2VMW4WZ,"January 2, 2018",Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:15:08Z,"['MP7FJ9UA', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2017.1385197,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2766602380,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2766602380,2019.0,2019.0,2017.0,,2.0 7906,"Ethics and the Future of Spying: Technology, National Security and Intelligence Collection",Book,https://www.routledge.com/Ethics-and-the-Future-of-Spying-Technology-National-Security-and-Intelligence/Galliott-Reed/p/book/9781138820395,"This volume examines the ethical issues generated by recent developments in intelligence collection and offers a comprehensive analysis of the key legal, moral and social questions thereby raised. Intelligence officers, whether gatherers, analysts or some combination thereof, are operating in a sea of social, political, scientific and technological change. This book examines the new challenges faced by the intelligence community as a result of these changes. It looks not only at how governments",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3USXITP5,2016,"Jai Galliott, Warren Reed",Routledge,,2022-03-03T16:11:11Z,['DVEM4H4W'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7907,The German ‘ultra’: signals intelligence in Yugoslavia 1943–1944,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2018.1425033,"This article deals with the extensive signals surveillance program operated by the Wehrmacht and directed at their most dangerous enemy in the Balkans, the Yugoslav Partisans. This subject has so far received surprisingly little attention in academic circles despite the fact that it was one of the crucial pillars of the entire Axis counter-insurgency effort in Yugoslavia and that it was one of the most successful actions of its kind conducted by the German intelligence. Based largely osn previously unpublished primary sources, as well as post-war literature, this article will outline the workings of the program during its heyday in the years 1943–1944 and seek to establish its impact on the battlefield. As such, it will hopefully prove to be useful to both students of wartime events in the Western Balkans and to researchers of intelligence services during the Second World War in general.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YL52XMD5,"July 3, 2018",Gaj Trifković,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T16:09:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2018.1425033,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2783902760,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2783902760,2021.0,2021.0,2018.0,,3.0 7908,"The Egyptian Intelligence Service: A History of the Mukhabarat, 1910-2009",Book,https://www.routledge.com/The-Egyptian-Intelligence-Service-A-History-of-the-Mukhabarat-1910-2009/Sirrs/p/book/9780415681759,"This book analyzes how the Egyptian intelligence community has adapted to shifting national security threats since its inception 100 years ago. Starting in 1910, when the modern Egyptian intelligence system was created to deal with militant nationalists and Islamists, the book shows how the security services were subsequently reorganized, augmented and centralized to meet an increasingly sophisticated array of challenges, including fascism, communism, army unrest, Israel, France",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/IDFPVNDV,2011,Owen L. Sirrs,Routledge,,2022-03-03T15:58:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7909,The Intelligence Division in occupied Germany: the untold story of Britain’s largest secret intelligence organisation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2018.1545824,"This article provides the first detailed analysis of the British Intelligence Division (ID) in occupied Germany. It examines the reasons for its undue lack of prominence in the current historiography, its organisational structure, key functions, activities, its legacy and resulting historical significance. Drawing on recently discovered and declassified documents, it argues that the ID played a crucial role in the occupation of Germany by securing the British Zone, destroying anti-democratic movements, helping to control the German population, shape government policy and to construct important elements of the modern German state. This role has been overlooked by historians who underestimate the importance of intelligence, the seriousness of post-war Nazi resistance, focus on scientific intelligence, the Anglo-American recruitment of Nazis, intelligence efforts against the Soviet Union or concentrate on the American Zone.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YEVKVZZ9,"January 2, 2019",Luke Daly-Groves,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:58:05Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2018.1545824,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2900848359,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2900848359,2019.0,2019.0,2018.0,,1.0 7910,"From improvisation to permanence: American perspectives on the U.S. signals intelligence relationship with Britain, 1940–1950",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2018.1537729,"The codebreaking partnership between the United States and the United Kingdom is the most durable of all modern intelligence relationships. While agreements reached during the 1940s were important to codifying ties between the two nations’ signals intelligence services, the integration of American and British codebreakers at Bletchley Park and the professional and personal ties they formed may more fully account for those services’ enduring closeness.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/R374HBUQ,"January 2, 2019",David Sherman,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:57:11Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2018.1537729,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2898344862,0.0,False,,,,2018.0,, 7911,"The Gehlen Organization, Nazis, and the Middle East",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1592956,"This article analyzes the role of the Gehlen Organization in the resettlement of Nazis in the Middle East. It brings to light the efforts of the American sponsored agency to facilitate the smuggling of controversial individuals out of Europe. In a period in which Nazis were desperately sought by Arab countries like Egypt and Syria to confront the newly created state of Israel, networks of escape for war criminals were established in Italy under the aegis of the German agency. This article concludes that the Gehlen Organization was heavily involved in the escape of Nazis to the Middle East.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/S5QKFCAM,"July 3, 2019",Badis Ben Redjeb,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:53:54Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/16161262.2019.1592956,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2922543630,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2922543630,2021.0,2021.0,2019.0,,2.0 7912,German secret services before and during the First World War—a survey of literature and recent research,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1592958,"German intelligence history is still a ‘field in search of scholars’, as the German historian Wolfgang Krieger puts it. While in Great Britain and the USA, research on the secret services is a fully fledged discipline, German science is still hesitant to pick up the topic. For this reason, German intelligence history is characterized more by its lacunae than its depth. This article examines older and recent publications on German intelligence before and during the First World War. It offers a detailed insight into the most important studies and suggests areas where future historiographical efforts might make the most impact.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/H6J8LH9G,"July 3, 2019",Lukas Grawe,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:52:21Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/16161262.2019.1592958,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2922717014,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 7913,Ludwig Deubner: a professor from Königsberg and the birth of German signal intelligence in WWI,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1592961,"In World War I Ludwig Deubner, a professor of classical philology from Koenigsberg, became the important architect of the German radio intelligence network on the eastern front and of Russian code breaking from August 1914, and directed it until 1917 or later. From the battle of Tannenberg to the important victories of the Central Powers in 1915 and 1916, he – together with the Austrian sigint – contributed decisively to their successes vis-a-vis a Russian adversary of largely superior numbers.This contribution of Deubner to Germany’s military effort in the east has been described in a number of articles and books, by authors like David Kahn and Heinz Höhne. Nevertheless it is time for a fresh look especially since Deubner’s diaries became accessible to research in 2002. In addition, new research on the military structures within which German radio intelligence evolved has raised our awareness of this variable and its importance for successful military application of radio intelligence as a tool of military control and command. Certain old assertions can now be adjusted, old questions can now be answered, new light shed on important remaining interrogations. The old Deubner story gains in credibility, in authenticity and in meaning, by introducing these new elements.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y3GT9I52,"July 3, 2019",Christian Deubner,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:51:51Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2019.1592961,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2926157075,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2926157075,2023.0,2023.0,2019.0,,4.0 7914,U.S. intelligence and the nascent transatlantic security architecture of the Cold War – the case of the ‘Gesellschaft für Wehrkunde’,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1697547,"The rearmament of West Germany was an important goal of U.S. foreign policy during the early 1950s. However, this was a contested issue among the German population. In this context, former professional soldiers played a crucial role. U.S. intelligence agencies initiated covert operations that were designed not only to influence this key group but also to set up clandestine personnel pools for paramilitary action. The core of this endeavor was their cooperation with former Waffen-SS general Felix Steiner and the founding of the ‘Gesellschaft für Wehrkunde’ (GfW), a network of ex-officers that was dedicated to defense studies. This organization quickly developed into an important propaganda tool and a military think tank. After U.S. intelligence terminated its support, the German Federal Government took over GfW and used it as a means to establishing the West German armed forces. The case of the GfW also sheds light on the problematic cooperation between former Nazi functionaries and U.S. intelligence and highlights the divergence of German and American concepts for paramilitary operations.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VK4MRCCU,"January 2, 2020",Tobias Schmitt,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:51:24Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2019.1697547,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2993301548,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2993301548,2023.0,2025.0,2019.0,,4.0 7915,Austrian Intelligence Reform: do intelligence and security studies have a future in Austria?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2019.1697540,"This essay examines the Austrian experience with intelligence, security and terrorism studies. After a brief discussion of the state of intelligence and security studies in Austria, the authors provide a comparison to Singapore, a nation with similar geopolitical issues as well as a different and, arguably, more developed and comprehensive academic program to confront and deal effectively with security challenges. The article concludes with four critical suggestions for the establishment of a ‘Central European’ Intelligence and Security Studies program in Austria. The authors recommend combining academics and practitioners on program faculties, emphases on domestic, regional and extra-regional factors in both program contents and the composition of student bodies, an interdisciplinary approach to the critical role of ideologies, and the development of specific expertise in order to understand and confront regional threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/32XCT8F4,"January 2, 2020","Andreas Wimmer, Duncan Bare, William B. Duncan",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:51:07Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/16161262.2019.1697540,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2996283859,0.0,False,,,,2019.0,, 7916,Dangerous Liaison: The 1973 American intelligence failure and the limits of intelligence cooperation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1774234,"The article analyzes the failure of the U.S. intelligence community to foresee the Egyptian-Syrian surprise attack on Israel in 6 October 1973. The paper deconstructs the various elements of the American failure and explores the reasons that led to it. The paper shows that at the heart of the flawed American assessment was a paradigm formulated by U.S. intelligence analysts, one that was influenced by Israeli intelligence analysts. With this conclusion, the paper suggests that alongside the numerous advantages of intelligence liaison between states, the practice can also lead them to make grave errors.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AXAJLDHA,"July 2, 2020",Ehud Eiran,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:42:19Z,"['D7XFV7JL', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1774234,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3036593716,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3036593716,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,,1.0 7917,A gender history of Hungarian intelligence services during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1774231,"Based on the examination of the positions and activities of women employees from the interwar period until the 1980s in the accessible archival sources of Hungarian intelligence services, this paper claims that since in intelligence women employees have been deployed as “controlling images” of men. It argues that for women, the intelligence service sector is just like any other paid employment: with time, women were gradually integrated in it; and the level of their involvement reflected the level of women's emancipation in the given society. Women working for the intelligence services had to counter workplace discrimination just like any other female employee in more ordinary jobs. However, intelligence work has an additional special feature: sexism and gender-based discrimination are intrinsic parts of it, because the deployment of femininity as “Otherness” is part and parcel of the trade and the result of deliberate methodological decisions.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/CPBN744I,"July 2, 2020",Andrea Pető,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:41:57Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1774231,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3033156347,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3033156347,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2020.1774231?needAccess=true,1.0 7918,Truman and the Formation of the Central Intelligence Agency,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1774233,"The National Security Act of 1947 gives insight into the value of intelligence to the proponents of the bill. The formation of the CIA capped two years of change in the existing intelligence agencies. The Office of Strategic Studies (OSS) closed shop after the war, and the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) was destined to fail even from the time of its creation in January 1946. Although President Harry S Truman may have had some interest in the formation of the CIA, there were other factors here. The fact that his administration established the most prominent intelligence agency in U.S. history does not necessarily mean that he was a keen authority on foreign intelligence. Truman had only a marginal role in the formation of the government’s foreign intelligence apparatus and showed only a limited understanding of the gathering and use of foreign intelligence during the first two years of his presidency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QEU4T9QS,"July 2, 2020",Scott A. Moseman,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:40:46Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1774233,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3034945190,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3034945190,2025.0,2025.0,2020.0,,5.0 7919,Devil’s advocacy and cyber space. In support of quality assurance and decision making,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1864863,"This paper addresses urgent information needs in today’s unsettled cyber domain. Dealing with complex cyber questions decision-makers will arguably benefit from an alternative analytical point of view. Academic research has shown that decisions benefit from assessments and advice based upon differing points of view. Devil’s advocacy, which criticizes established positions, and offers alternative perspectives to any given argument based upon the same inputs, is one established instrument to try to achieve this. The paper explores analytical lessons learned within the Israeli military system as a result of the Yom Kippur war of 1973. The unexpected outbreak of war showed the urgent need for improvements in assessment and decision-making processes. A ‘devil’s advocate shop’ was subsequently set up within Israeli military intelligence. The prolonged Israeli experience with devil’s advocacy might serve its purpose in the virtual world. This requires re-transformation of the Devil’s Advocacy concept into a Cyber tool in order to protect decision-makers from cognitive pitfalls and offering them a better perspective of complex cyber issues at stake.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T5872RXE,"January 2, 2021",A. Claver,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:40:02Z,"['8XXD789V', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1864863,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3113968136,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3113968136,2022.0,2026.0,2020.0,,2.0 7920,Anticipating surprise in an era of global technology advances: a framework for scientific & technical intelligence analysis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1746141,"This article suggests a framework analytic methodology for Scientific & Technical Intelligence (S&TI) that is geared towards finding adversarial accelerated, or ‘crash’ weapon development programs. First, the nature of historic accelerated weapon programs is studied, so that common elements and indicators can be developed. An analytical framework based upon the generalized way in which all ‘crash’ programs are run is then constructed. With this analytical framework, when some aspect of a program are uncovered, inferences to aspects which have not yet been observed can be drawn. Using this approach for uncovering ‘crash’ programs implies however a new partnership between collectors and analysts. A strategy to search for ‘crash’ programs is constructed in order to focus the collection and analytical energy on the problem of looking for such a program. This approach is three-stepped. The strategy uses an initial step of understanding the adversary’s perceptions to guide the search to the industrial sectors most likely to harbor such a program. A second step uses a search of that industrial sector for change which would point to specific activities and locations. And finally, detailed analysis and collection focused against the specific facilities uncover details that lead to the truth.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/T38GE676,"January 2, 2021",Danny Pronk,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:39:49Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1746141,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3016200278,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016200278,2021.0,2021.0,2020.0,,1.0 7921,Briefing the Swedish policy maker: the analyst-policy maker relationship in a small country,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1746145,"Policy makers tend to pick and choose among conclusions presented to them. This can result in politicization, which ultimately might result in intelligence being blamed for policy failures. This has a negative impact on intelligence analysis, transforming it in an ever more cautious direction which negates its utility in the policy process. Swedish intelligence learnt that for truly important intelligence reporting, in particular that which signified paradigm shifts, the conclusions had to be presented in a manner that had an impact, in an oral briefing. Moreover, the briefer must be prepared to defend the service’s conclusions. Hence, a keyword in the analyst-policy maker relationship was trust. The relationship had to develop into a partnership, in which the policy maker had the final word but the intelligence analyst did not shrink from presenting the service’s argument. This lesson from the Cold War appears to be just as valid in the present.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Y8TXTVRA,"January 2, 2021",Michael Fredholm,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:39:13Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1746145,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3016742849,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016742849,2025.0,2026.0,2020.0,,5.0 7922,"From circumspection to centrality: prime ministers and the growth of analysis, co-ordination, management in the UK intelligence community",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1751512,"We argue that British intelligence was transformed during the eleven years that Winston Churchill and Clement Attlee were in power. This change focused on the relationship between intelligence and Downing Street. Previous premiers were uninterested, naïve and inexperienced in their approach. When Churchill took office all this changed since he not only harnessed the power of intelligence but also oversaw the development of a central brain in the form of the joint assessment machinery. Yet it required Clement Attlee, with a rather different personality from Churchill, to complete the revolution. Together they not only developed the machinery used by successive prime ministers, they also trained Eden, Macmillan, and Douglas-Home in the transformative power of intelligence – changing the nature of the core executive in the process. Nevertheless, intelligence under each new administration increasingly reflects the character of the premier.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/U2EE552N,"January 2, 2021","Richard J. Aldrich, Rory Cormac",Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:38:46Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1751512,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3016582826,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3016582826,2020.0,2026.0,2020.0,,0.0 7923,"Intelligence analysis in a changing world, an introduction",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1746142,"In this introductory article, the topic of intelligence analysis is explored. Starting from an interview with a former intelligence analyst in the Netherlands, it will be observed how the trade of intelligence analysis has changed over the years. From a practically non-existent professional environment the trade has grown to become far more important, in terms of the position and training of intelligence analysts. From there, questions are posed about the development of intelligence analysis worldwide in the past, present, and future. In the final part of this article, an overview of the contributions in this special issue is presented.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/A459FHS3,"January 2, 2021",C. W. Hijzen,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:38:20Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1746142,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3014361665,3.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3014361665,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2020.1746142?needAccess=true,1.0 7924,The formation of military intelligence in the United Arab Emirates: 1965–1974,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1826811,"There are few comprehensive histories of Arab military intelligence services, and almost nothing on those in the countries of the Arabian Peninsula. This paper begins to fill this gap by providing a detailed history of the early years of military intelligence within what is today probably the most capable Arab military – the Armed Forces of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It describes military intelligence developments between 1965 and 1974 within the Abu Dhabi Defence Force, which was the direct predecessor of the present-day UAE Armed Forces. It concludes with the formation of the entity which is now known as the Directorate of Military Intelligence. The paper is based on archival documents and interviews with those who served in Abu Dhabi’s military intelligence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6ZMDB4F8,"July 3, 2021",Athol Yates,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:37:27Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1826811,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3092167683,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3092167683,2020.0,2024.0,2020.0,,0.0 7925,Jewish intelligence and the question of the Arab countries invasion prior to the 1948 War of Independence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1826809,"Before the end of the British Mandate and the establishment of the State of Israel, the Yishuv’s intelligence services assessed that King Abdullah would be willing to accept the existence of a Jewish state and that the other Arab countries, for internal and external reasons, would not be interested in getting involved in war. They concluded that an invasion by regular Arab armies in response to a declaration of a Jewish state would be a ‘low probability’ and that Arab propaganda calling for the destruction of Israel only amounted to a war of nerves. Today it is abundantly clear that the intelligence agencies failed to weigh these factors correctly. In fact, what primarily motivated the Arab regimes to launch an all-out war was indeed their internal and external situation, since by so doing they could divert public attention away from their internal problems and ameliorate their external status.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/X5KFWTMM,"July 3, 2021",Yoram Fried,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:36:36Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1826809,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3092199724,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 7926,Re-evaluating the émigrés: intelligence collection and policy-making in the early Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1826806,"Starting from 1948, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Office of Policy Coordination tried to harness and utilise the talents of recent émigrés from the Soviet Union, more specifically, to dispatch them in secret operations behind the Iron Curtain. The purpose of this article is to revise the commonly accepted narrative on two American-sponsored émigré operations, showing how they should be assessed as intelligence collection ventures rather than covert operations, and to demonstrate how these émigrés played a key role in providing intelligence on the Soviet target.The study will also investigate how this kind of covert action tied into US policy-making, and how the perceived needs of the US administration – chiefly creating an ‘early warning’ system for a Soviet attack on Europe and the need of information on the Soviet target – shaped intelligence collection in the early Cold War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/Q5TTH3TP,"July 3, 2021",Francesco Alexander Cacciatore,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:36:13Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1826806,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3093335491,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3093335491,2025.0,2025.0,2020.0,,5.0 7927,"Bletchley park and big science: industrialising the secret war, 1939-1945",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1826807,"During the Second World War, Bletchley Park, the headquarters of the Government Code and Cypher School, was the epicentre of a vast scientific enterprise which succeeded in reading enciphered Axis wireless traffic on an industrialised scale. Typically, this important intelligence agency has been depicted as a collegiate organisation with a clear Senior Common Room culture. This article argues that Bletchley Park is better understood as major mechanised, military orientated scientific enterprise with vast numbers of employees, a considerable budget and was subject to careful and professionally managed wartime media control which extended for many years into the post-war period. Each of these facets respectively represents each of the five ‘M’s of ‘Big Science’. As such, the agency can in fact, be viewed and understood as an example of quasi-Big Science.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HW8ICEJF,"July 3, 2021",Christopher Smith,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:35:45Z,"['SCCGXHMZ', 'T92JK7A5']",10.1080/16161262.2020.1826807,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2969435802,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 7928,Surviving Prokhorovka: German armoured longevity on the Eastern Front in 1943–1944,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2020.1750841,"This article attempts to chart the ultimate fate of each German tank, assault gun and tank destroyer of the SS Panzergrenadier Divisions Leibstandarte and Das Reich that participated in the battle of Prokhorovka on 12.7.43 against the Soviet Union’s 5th Guards Tank Army. The central question of the article being; If large numbers of German Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFV) did not meet disaster on the ‘tank fields’ southwest of Prokhorovka (as was claimed for many decades by both Soviet and Western historiography), then when exactly did those participating German AFV of the Leibstandarte and Das Reich finally succumb to the Red Army? How long did they survive on the Eastern Front against an ever more sophisticated and skilled opponent? By determining the ultimate fate of these German AFVs in the autumn and winter of 1943/44, it is possible to get a fuller understanding of the battle of Prokhorovka itself.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4BRUSAU3,"January 2, 2022",Ben Wheatley,Taylor and Francis,Journal of Intelligence History,2022-03-03T15:35:05Z,['SCCGXHMZ'],10.1080/16161262.2020.1750841,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3033971412,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3033971412,2021.0,2021.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/16161262.2020.1750841?needAccess=true,1.0 7929,"Tsarina’s Necklace: Russian Jewels, Secret Agents, and the Hellig Olav Affair, 1918",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1692291,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/96MF57W3,"April 2, 2020",Richard B. Spence,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T15:24:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'BNPYHVD4']",10.1080/08850607.2019.1692291,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3001420895,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 7930,Evaluating Commercial Cyber Intelligence Activity,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1690877,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/86WE7XEM,"April 2, 2020",JD Work,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T15:24:18Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2019.1690877,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3000189794,80.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3000189794,2020.0,2025.0,2020.0,,0.0 7931,Playing Hide and Speak: Analyzing the Protected Disclosures Framework of the New Zealand Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1695187,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RKW6YCA9,"April 2, 2020","Caitlin Macdonald, Rhys Ball, William James Hoverd",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T15:20:47Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2019.1695187,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3004341181,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3004341181,2021.0,2021.0,2020.0,,1.0 7932,Uruguay’s Attempt at Intelligence Oversight,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2019.1663701,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B9KBUAR3,"April 2, 2020",Alejandro M. Bihar,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T15:20:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DVEM4H4W']",10.1080/08850607.2019.1663701,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2996283817,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2996283817,2023.0,2023.0,2019.0,,4.0 7933,What Happened? After-Effects of the 2007 Reform Legislation of the Italian Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1771655,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B5QX363N,"July 2, 2020","Fabrizio Minniti, Giangiuseppe Pili",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T15:00:32Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1771655,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3036726866,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 7934,Japanese Navy’s Tactical Intelligence Collection on the Eve of the Pacific War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1743948,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQEB3GZG,"July 2, 2020",Naoki Saito,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T15:00:00Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1743948,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3021964326,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3021964326,2024.0,2024.0,2020.0,,4.0 7935,Focusing on Practices of Intelligence Analysis within the EU,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1754671,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ETYNBS5N,"July 2, 2020",Andreas Lutsch,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:59:40Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1754671,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3034046411,0.0,False,,,,2020.0,, 7936,Assessing How the U.S. Intelligence Community Analyzes Foreign Leaders,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1733544,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YBXY5DBQ,"October 1, 2020","Stephen Benedict Dyson, Charles A. Duelfer",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:58:45Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1733544,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3021051561,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3021051561,2023.0,2024.0,2020.0,,3.0 7937,"Espionage, the First Amendment, and the Case Against Julian Assange",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1716431,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5WL9GA5V,"October 1, 2020",Gary Ross,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:58:27Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1716431,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3006692752,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3006692752,2021.0,2021.0,2020.0,,1.0 7938,The U.S. Intelligence Community’s “MacArthur Moment”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1783625,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/THQKWGK5,"October 1, 2020",Jeff Rogg,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:54:58Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1783625,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3047017987,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3047017987,2024.0,2024.0,2020.0,,4.0 7939,The New Politicization of the U.S. Intelligence Community,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1783134,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/E8RV96XY,"October 1, 2020",John A. Gentry,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:54:47Z,"['CGAXYI88', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1783134,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3046888824,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3046888824,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,,1.0 7940,From Samurais to Borgs: Reflections on the Importance of Intelligence Ethics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1734768,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6N57IVTU,"January 2, 2021","Robert Frisk, Linda Johansson",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:53:14Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1734768,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3017145204,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3017145204,2025.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2020.1734768?needAccess=true,5.0 7941,First Decade of Soviet Espionage in America: 1924 to 1933,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1781442,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NZSZYCQD,"January 2, 2021",William T. Murphy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:52:33Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CZT6L9T7']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1781442,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3046339503,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3046339503,2025.0,2025.0,2020.0,,5.0 7942,"Tinker, Thaler, Soldier, Spy: Behavioral Economics of HUMINT Transactions and Source Prioritizations",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1747830,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ECG3DY4W,"January 2, 2021","Peter J. Phillips, Gabriela Pohl",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:52:02Z,['ZMVDB8A2'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1747830,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3031175582,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3031175582,2020.0,2025.0,2020.0,,0.0 7943,Israeli Intelligence and the Coronavirus Crisis,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1805711,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BYXHTRK5,"January 2, 2021",Shlomo Shpiro,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:51:50Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'N8VR3BYE']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1805711,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3084970535,11.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3084970535,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,,1.0 7944,The General Intelligence Division: J. Edgar Hoover and the Critical Juncture of 1919,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1807455,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JS2CM85E,"April 3, 2021",Zachary Selden,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:51:08Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1807455,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3092743602,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3092743602,2021.0,2021.0,2020.0,,1.0 7945,Strategies for Combating the Scourge of Digital Disinformation,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1789425,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YUZJUW7S,"April 3, 2021","Randolph H. Pherson, Penelope Mort Ranta, Casey Cannon",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:50:45Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1789425,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3048372189,18.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3048372189,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2020.1789425?needAccess=true,1.0 7946,Principles to Assess Accountability: A Study of Intelligence Agencies in Spain and Brazil,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1809954,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MR3ZYJGI,"July 3, 2021",Jaseff Raziel Yauri-Miranda,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:44:20Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1809954,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3111699753,9.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3111699753,2021.0,2026.0,2020.0,,1.0 7947,"Uncertainty, Intelligence, and National Security Decisionmaking",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1809056,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LJWW5FBX,"July 3, 2021","David R. Mandel, Daniel Irwin",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:42:46Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1809056,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3093656768,37.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3093656768,2019.0,2026.0,2020.0,,-1.0 7948,Inside Out: Domestic Origins of U.S. Foreign Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1798329,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XZS8NT9F,"July 3, 2021",Darren E. Tromblay,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:42:24Z,['CK5MNYPQ'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1798329,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3086906298,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3086906298,2023.0,2023.0,2020.0,,3.0 7949,Private-Sector Attribution of Cyber Incidents: Benefits and Risks to the U.S. Government,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1783877,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/762BQ65P,"July 3, 2021","Sasha Romanosky, Benjamin Boudreaux",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:34:48Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1783877,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2982441094,42.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2982441094,2020.0,2025.0,2020.0,,0.0 7950,"Cold War Liberation: The Soviet Union and the Collapse of the Portuguese Empire in Africa, 1961–1975",Book,https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/53180,"Cold War Liberation examines the African revolutionaries who led armed struggles in three Portuguese colonies—Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau—and their liaisons in Moscow, Prague, East Berlin, and Sofia. By reconstructing a multidimensional story that focuses on both the impact of the Soviet Union on the end of the Portuguese Empire in Africa and the effect of the anticolonial struggles on the Soviet Union, Natalia Telepneva bridges the gap between the narratives of individual anticolonial movements and those of superpower rivalry in sub-Saharan Africa during the Cold War. Drawing on newly available archival sources from Russia and Eastern Europe and interviews with key participants, Telepneva emphasizes the agency of African liberation leaders who enlisted the superpower into their movements via their relationships with middle-ranking members of the Soviet bureaucracy. These administrators had considerable scope to shape policies in the Portuguese colonies which in turn increased the Soviet commitment to decolonization in the wider region. An innovative reinterpretation of the relationships forged between African revolutionaries and the countries of the Warsaw Pact, Cold War Liberation is a bold addition to debates about policy-making in the Global South during the Cold War. We are proud to offer this book in our usual print and ebook formats, plus as an open-access edition available through the Sustainable History Monograph Project.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZY4IATU,2022,Natalia Telepneva,The University of North Carolina Press,,2022-03-03T14:27:39Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.5149/9781469665887_Telepneva,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4207063914,20.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4207063914,2022.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.5149/9781469665887_telepneva,0.0 7951,Counterintelligence Vetting Techniques Compared across Multiple Domains,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1836603,"This discussion examines how security and counterintelligence vetting practices vary across domains and how this informs our understanding of counterintelligence disciplines. Organizations in each domain must ensure that persons admitted as insiders can be trusted with sensitive information and the organization’s security. We look at some examples of counterintelligence vetting, seeking commonalities in vetting needs and practices between armed groups, corporations, and states. We compare, in depth, the vetting practices of Lebanese Hezbollah, the reconstituted Syrian intelligence services, the drug-trafficking group known as Los Zetas, and High-Value Technology Companies (HVTCs). The evident regularities and commonalities in counterintelligence vetting suggest cross-domain and cross-cultural targets for exploitation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/LJ83JPBR,"October 2, 2021","Blake W. Mobley, Carl Anthony Wege",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:24:55Z,['RHJFPRAI'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1836603,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3129671051,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3129671051,2024.0,2026.0,2021.0,,3.0 7952,Lubyanka’s Nightingale and the Novel That Exposed CIA Operation TRIGON,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1844092,"When Yuri Andropov offered to divulge how the Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB) foiled an important Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operation, Julian Semyonov (“Lubyanka’s nightingale”) jumped at the chance to write a spy thriller based on real people and events. TASS is Authorized to Announce … (1979) is a fictional version of a CIA operation involving Soviet diplomat Aleksandr Ogorodnik (a.k.a. TRIGON). The novel confirms Director of Central Intelligence Stansfield Turner’s suspicion that Ogorodnik was a KGB dangle whose rumored suicide was false. It also foreshadowed the KGB’s bogus claim that the CIA was an accessory to Ogorodnik’s murder of his mistress. Andropov sponsored the work of fiction as a subtle way of revealing clues that he had outfoxed the Agency.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PFZCLQUH,"October 2, 2021",Benjamin B. Fischer,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:24:43Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1844092,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3135413453,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3135413453,2022.0,2022.0,2021.0,,1.0 7953,"Rethinking Warning: Intelligence, Novel Events, and the COVID-19 Pandemic",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1913023,"There are various dimensions of the COVID-19 warning problem. For example, how did the scientific, intelligence, and strategic studies communities issue accurate diffuse warnings of the growing risk of a global pandemic? This raises the possibility that the warnings issued might have been misleading because they focus on the disease’s details and not on the second- and third-order effects that would significantly impede national and global responses to coronavirus. The pandemic outbreak also led to the acceleration of ongoing work in the pharmaceutical industry, producing “game-changing” medical advances that might soon be replicated in other fields. It may be time to develop a specialized organization—a warning “skunkworks”—whose sole mission is to identify and assess the impact of novel developments in both domestic and international settings.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GS9VG7N5,"January 2, 2022","Daniel S. Gressang, James J. Wirtz",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:24:15Z,['9YPHGMBS'],10.1080/08850607.2021.1913023,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3167002157,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3167002157,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,,1.0 7954,Schelling Traps as Drivers of Intelligence Failure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1870032,"A model suggests that Schelling salience through social traplike processes can generate dysfunctional organizational mindsets that increase the likelihood of intelligence failure. Schelling salience refers to how certain aspects can spontaneously and tacitly become collectively cognitively prominent, and thus, coordinate behavior. Short-term benefits of a predominant mindset may generate long-term biases in analysis, collection, and decisionmakers’ responsiveness. Strong mindsets do not inevitably generate intelligence failures. However, a particular organizational state, referred to as a “pleasant attractor,” where sustained strategies produce satisficing outcomes and alternative strategies are more uncertain and/or costly, is conducive to biased mindsets causing intelligence failures. Findings from an examination of nineteen historical cases of intelligence failures and successes, with an emphasis on four sequences of cases with an initial intelligence failure, supported the model.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PZ3DHK58,"January 2, 2022",Ralf Lillbacka,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:24:01Z,['D7XFV7JL'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1870032,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3156962205,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3156962205,2023.0,2026.0,2021.0,,2.0 7955,ISR versus ISTAR: A Conceptual Crisis in British Military Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1866334,"Between 2009 and 2011, there was an intense debate in UK, Canadian, and Australian military intelligence circles regarding two putatively competing doctrinal concepts, the U.S.-originated “intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance” and the United Kingdom’s “intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance.” The inclusion, or not, of target acquisition proved a flashpoint for a wider and deeper range of existing concerns about the organizational and doctrinal relationships between intelligence and operations in a military command staff. These, in turn, reflected a more fundamental and ongoing transformation in that relationship arising from “revolution in military affairs” during the 1990s. The article traces the debate up to its premature termination by fiat in 2011 and concludes that these issues remain to be properly addressed in UK and allied intelligence doctrine.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TEHF3ZNT,"January 2, 2022",Philip H. J. Davies,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:23:08Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1866334,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3161947195,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3161947195,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/22272,1.0 7956,What Strategic Analysts and Planners for National Security Need to Know,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1822101,"Strategic analysts and planners need distinct capabilities to include extensive disciplinary expertise and a broad understanding of the world and methodological expertise for dealing with innovation, discovery, and surprise. Specifically, the analyst needs to evaluate the robustness of a policy to the uncertainty of an assessment. The analyst must have both topical expertise in the disciplines underlying the analysis, as well as decision-theoretic expertise in managing uncertainty. This is demonstrated by applying info-gap decision theory and the concept of robust-satisficing to the analysis of policy in response to al-Qaeda prior to 11 September 2001, which illustrates the combination of topical and decision-theoretic expertise.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YPAVJ9IR,"January 2, 2022",Yakov Ben-Haim,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:22:29Z,['CZJ36V8L'],10.1080/08850607.2020.1822101,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3193616648,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 7957,Agent Shinkawa Revisited: The Japanese Navy’s Establishment of the Rutland Intelligence Network in Southern California,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1871252,"Frederick Rutland’s intelligence activities in interwar Los Angeles have been the subject of much analysis since the war. Interpretations range from the assertion of his biographer that he did essentially nothing illegal to the more recent claim that the technical information he provided to the Imperial Navy helped make the Pearl Harbor attack possible. This article uses recently declassified American documents and Japanese sources to shed new light on Rutland’s activities, his role in the wider Japanese intelligence apparatus, and the nature of his mission. Contra most previous analyses, these suggest that the Japanese Navy viewed Rutland as an agent with future potential for wartime rather than one who had already provided valuable services. Those included creating close relationships with high-profile Americans to get strategic information rather than technical intelligence. They also suggest that the Japanese Navy’s skewed view of Rutland prevented it from developing a more effective prewar intelligence network, with dire consequences.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7EC3U5Q6,"January 2, 2022","Ron Drabkin, Bradley W. Hart",Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:17:18Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1871252,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3156385619,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3156385619,2022.0,2022.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/08850607.2020.1871252?needAccess=true,1.0 7958,Soviet Espionage in France between the Wars,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2020.1861581,"After the Bolsheviks consolidated their newly won power, they looked toward the Western democracies to achieve additional victories. Under cover of diplomatic recognition, trade agreements, and local communist parties, Soviets sent numerous clandestine agents abroad to pursue national security objectives, including theft of military and industrial secrets on a large scale. France, Britain, and the United States were the main targets in which, organizationally, Soviet intelligence used a consistent pattern. As an existential threat, France was the first priority until displaced by the fear of German rearmament. France represented a rich resource for advanced military and industrial technology that the Soviets needed to transform Russia’s infrastructure. In 1935, France and Russia signed a mutual defense pact that effectively ended Soviet espionage in France.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AUVN5L7Z,"January 2, 2022",William T. Murphy,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-03-03T14:16:46Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'MP7FJ9UA']",10.1080/08850607.2020.1861581,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3163174714,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 7959,Intelligence-exalting strategic cultures: a case study of the Russian approach,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1978135,"Since the 1920s, Soviet intelligence and counterintelligence followed a concept of an ‘unending covert war’ against the hostile international environment and cultivated a sophisticated operational theory aimed at winning that new type of conflict. Equipped with these advanced intellectual achievements, Soviet special services secured their status as the Kremlin’s principal strategic tool, exalted over the military. By drawing on new discoveries from the former Soviet archives and a thorough rereading of secondary sources, this article discusses this phenomenon and its implications in both Soviet and post- Soviet times, and distils theoretical lessons for Strategic Culture theory.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7Y65G5JB,"January 2, 2022",Yaacov Falkov,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-03-03T14:15:03Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'NWAKWPT7']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1978135,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3203891149,8.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3203891149,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,,1.0 7960,The Chinese Communist Party’s exploitation of the Second United Front: intelligence and counterintelligence on a middle force territory,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1984017,"This article examines how the Chinese Communist Party exploited its alliance with the Kuomintang during the Sino-Japanese War to expand its power. Specifically, how the Chinese Communists capitalized on differences between the Kuomintang National Government and Guangxi regional militarists to create a new intelligence base that enabled united front work, propaganda campaigns, revitalization of Communist organizations, and augmentation of underground logistics network. Analysis will also cover the Kuomintang’s counterintelligence operations. I hope to demonstrate why the Chinese Communists succeeded in using the opportunity to strengthen itself and what ultimately terminated Communist covert activities in the targeted region.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HG39JPZ5,"January 2, 2022",Zi Yang,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-03-03T14:13:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'RHJFPRAI', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1984017,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3205357924,0.0,False,,,,2021.0,, 7961,‘Familiar but not intimate’: executive oversight of the UK intelligence and security agencies,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1959697,"Studies of the relationship between ministers and UK intelligence agencies have tended to focus on the government’s use of intelligence, while studies of intelligence oversight have focused almost exclusively on the work of parliament’s Intelligence and Security Committee. This article examines the role of the executive in the oversight of the UK intelligence and security agencies. It traces the evolution of ministerial accountability for the UK intelligence and security agencies and raises questions about the capacity of ministers to provide effective scrutiny in this area, focusing on ministers’ knowledge and understanding of intelligence, ministerial workload and potential conflicts of interest.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BB5RVBKW,"January 2, 2022",Andrew Defty,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-03-03T14:10:00Z,['DVEM4H4W'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1959697,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3185954194,6.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3185954194,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/_Familiar_but_not_intimate_Executive_oversight_of_the_UK_intelligence_and_security_agencies/24392623,1.0 7962,"The Rooseboom operation: uncovering the embryonic German intelligence network in South Africa, 1940-1942",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1984700,"Germany desired to contact the wartime opposition in South Africa in order to obtain accurate political and military intelligence. The arrival of Hans Rooseboom in South Africa in 1940 provided the Ossewabrandwag (Oxwagon Sentinel), a quasi-cultural and anti-war movement, with the means through which to initiate two-way communication with Germany. The so-called Rooseboom secret service became the first German intelligence network to operate in South Africa during the early war years. This article investigates the nature and operation of the so-called Rooseboom secret service from 1941 to 1942 against the backdrop of the larger intelligence war waged in South Africa.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2B2EUL2E,"January 2, 2022",Evert Kleynhans,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-03-03T14:07:30Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'SCCGXHMZ']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1984700,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3206527781,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3206527781,2023.0,2023.0,2021.0,,2.0 7963,Public knowledge of intelligence agencies among university students in Spain,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1983984,Public knowledge of both the mission and the powers of the National Intelligence Centre (CNI) are studied in this paper through a survey of 2888 students from 30 universities in Spain. The results confirmed that university students were unaware of the CNI’s mission and powers and that their vision of the CNI was of a Law Enforcement Agency with mainly counter-terrorism functions. Their knowledge differed according to their sociodemographic background and political variables. Both the implications for further scientific debate and the policies of intelligence agencies toward openness are discussed.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ELS8WUFX,"January 2, 2022","Cristina Del-Real, Antonio M. Díaz-Fernández",,Intelligence and National Security,2022-03-03T14:01:09Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1983984,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3205820050,7.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3205820050,2021.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1983984?needAccess=true,0.0 7964,Philip H. J. Davies’ Post on Linkedin,Blog post,https://www.linkedin.com/posts/philip-h-j-davies-9a105231_assassination-plot-against-zelensky-foiled-activity-6905084036839288832-tX9_,"From the Interesting If True Department. Because of the source one has to consider several possibilities: 1. that this might be entirely deceptive and...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/2Z9W2LJX,03 March 2022,Philip H. J. Davies,,,2022-03-03T11:44:06Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7965,Intelligence Disclosures in the Ukraine Crisis and Beyond,Magazine article,https://warontherocks.com/2022/03/intelligence-disclosures-in-the-ukraine-crisis-and-beyond/,Editor's note: Don't miss our comprehensive guide to Russia's war against Ukraine. We’ve been transparent with the world. We’ve shared declassified,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BJFJI87J,2022-03-01T08:45:32+00:00,Jake Harrington,,War on the Rocks,2022-03-02T23:01:22Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7966,How Open-Source Intelligence Is Helping Clear The Fog Of War In Ukraine,Newspaper article,https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/peteraldhous/osint-ukraine-war-satellite-images-plane-tracking-social,"From high-resolution satellite images to TikTok videos, governments no longer control information from the front lines.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8H2RGVHR,02 March 2022,"Peter Aldhous, Christopher Miller",,BuzzFeed News,2022-03-02T22:42:53Z,"['LXMU5UXP', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7967,Russia's Plan C,Blog post,https://samf.substack.com/p/russias-plan-c,And Plan D...,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/6SFLQAMV,2022-03-02,Lawrence Freedman,,,2022-03-02T21:12:48Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7968,Intelligence failures hamper Russia’s Ukraine mission,Newspaper article,https://www.ft.com/content/ba440d90-b0ba-4a73-a138-9cb1229b6cac,"Moscow’s military was badly informed and overconfident, say western experts",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5HB74QT4,2022-03-01,"Henry Foy, John Paul Rathbone",,Financial Times,2022-03-02T18:36:47Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7969,"In Putin, intelligence analysts see an isolated leader who underestimated the West but could lash out if cornered",Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/03/01/ukraine-cia-putin-analysis/,Officials order up fresh intelligence assessments on Putin’s thinking.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YD7KLKGW,02 March 2022,"Shane Harris, John Hudson, Miss Ryan, M Souad",,Washington Post,2022-03-02T18:10:49Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7970,Does Russia’s invasion of Ukraine mark the end of the post-Cold War era?,Video,https://www.brookings.edu/events/does-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-mark-the-end-of-the-post-cold-war-era/,"On March 2, the Center on the United States and Europe at the Brookings Institution will convene experts for a virtual discussion of the war in Ukraine.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NYY5F5XL,02 March 2022,,,,2022-03-02T15:27:20Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7971,Shaken Russian Army Conscripts Make Perfect Targets For Morale-Crushing Operations,Magazine article,https://www.forbes.com/sites/craighooper/2022/03/01/shaken-russian-army-conscripts-make-perfect-targets-for-morale-crushing-operations/,"Over the next few days, the West should be making efforts to fuel the erosion of Russian morale to try to push Vladimir Putin’s tottering army into complete disarray.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/WDZYQEWE,01 March 2022,Craig Hooper,,Forbes,2022-03-02T15:07:01Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7972,Molotov Cocktails in winter: What 1939 Finland tells us about Ukraine today,Blog post,https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/molotov-cocktails-in-winter-what-1939-finland-tells-us-about-ukraine-today/,"But while Ukrainians may be prepping Molotov Cocktails, this winter war is already different.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QZJI8F2S,2022-03-02T12:59:42+00:00,Ann Marie Dailey,,,2022-03-02T13:16:02Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7973,"If the past is anything to go by, Russia will struggle to occupy Ukraine",Newspaper article,https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/02/europe/russia-military-challenges-ukraine-past-wars-intl-hnk/index.html,"Ukraine's resistance to the Russian invasion has shown strength that has surprised many observers, but one international expert points out how historical precedent bodes poorly for Moscow's forces in the long term should it be unable to subdue the country quickly.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RS2Y2G4V,02 March 2022,Brad Lendon,,CNN,2022-03-02T11:07:29Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7974,Twitter thread on intercepted intelligence about Russian troops,Blog post,https://twitter.com/sbreakintl/status/1498619303717142529,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PAYQVTU3,2022-03-01T11:20Z,ShadowBreak Intl.,,,2022-03-02T08:31:58Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7975,US intelligence agencies make understanding Vladimir Putin's state of mind a top priority,Newspaper article,https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/01/politics/us-intelligence-putin-state-of-mind/index.html,"The US intelligence community has made evaluating Russian President Vladimir Putin's state of mind a top priority in recent days as it seeks to establish how that is affecting his handling of the rapidly escalating Ukraine crisis, according to two sources familiar with the effort.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L7Y6EAD4,01 March 2022,"Zachary Cohen, Katie Bo Lillis, Evan Perez",,CNN,2022-03-01T12:29:14Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7976,US officials fear the worst is yet to come for Kyiv,Newspaper article,https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/28/politics/us-kyiv-fears/index.html,"Ukrainian forces have so far managed to stave off Russian ground forces massed less than 20 miles north of the embattled capital Kyiv -- but though they've defied US intelligence predictions that the city would likely fall within one to four days of a full-scale Russian assault, US officials warn that Russian President Vladimir Putin could imminently increase the intensity of the attack.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/C8J68HZP,28 February 2022,"Katie Bo Lillis, Natasha Bertrand, Barbara Starr",,CNN,2022-02-28T22:59:17Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7977,Can Intelligence Tell How Far Putin Will Go?,Magazine article,https://warontherocks.com/2022/02/lessons-of-cold-war-intelligence-for-ukraine-today/,"In a press conference at the end of last week, U.S. President Joe Biden said he was “convinced” that Russian President Vladimir Putin had decided to",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PYRGKL6G,2022-02-28T08:55:35+00:00,Calder Walton,,War on the Rocks,2022-02-28T14:45:31Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7978,Russia gets it wrong… again,Blog post,https://jonathanboff.wordpress.com/2022/02/28/russia-gets-it-wrong-again/,"In Russia this morning the Ruble – where it is trading at all – has depreciated dramatically, down 30% at one point and there are reports of queues at ATMs around the country. The Centr…",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AQQCKTBG,2022-02-28T10:01:54+00:00,Jonathan Boff,,,2022-02-28T14:24:55Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7979,Ukraine - Russia 2022 (Twitter list),Webpage,https://twitter.com/i/lists/1492258149008617480,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5W9AWKW3,,,,,2022-02-27T21:08:04Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7980,"Putin Seems to Sideline Advisers on Ukraine, Taking a Political Risk",Newspaper article,https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/26/world/europe/putin-ukraine-advisers.html,"Authoritarian leaders rely on elite support to govern. Jeopardizing those relationships in wartime could be risky, experts say.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PSL7U52V,2022-02-26,Amanda Taub,,The New York Times,2022-02-27T20:58:29Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7981,"Still strong concern that Russia intends to invade Ukraine, says Wallace",Newspaper article,https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/ben-wallace-russia-vladimir-putin-ukraine-downing-street-b2019844.html,"As the military build up continues, No 10 says there remains a ‘window for diplomacy’ to resolve the crisis and avert war.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PBDFESQ5,2022-02-21T17:08:20.000Z,Cavin Gordon,,The Independent,2022-02-27T18:05:38Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7982,US tries to name and shame Russian disinformation on Ukraine,Newspaper article,https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-europe-russia-media-vladimir-putin-ecba20c81181c028b06109cf8620426a,"WASHINGTON (AP) — In a break from the past, the U.S. and its allies are increasingly revealing their intelligence findings as they confront Russian preparations for a possible invasion of Ukraine, looking to undercut Russian President Vladimir Putin’s plans by exposing them and deflecting his efforts to shape world opinion.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/W6USJ8ET,2022-01-28T05:40:42Z,Moogan Merchant,,AP NEWS,2022-02-27T18:03:32Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7983,U.S. and allies debate the intelligence on how quickly Putin will order an invasion of Ukraine — or whether he will at all,Newspaper article,https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/01/29/us-allies-debate-intelligence-how-quickly-putin-will-order-an-invasion-ukraine-or-whether-he-will-all/,"Intelligence officials in the U.S., Britain and within Ukraine's own intelligence apparatus concur Russia is likely to invade at any moment. But Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and his close advisers say the warnings are overblown.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9IVKC5LU,29 January 2022,"Shane Harris, John Hudson, Ellen Nakashima",,Washington Post,2022-02-27T18:02:24Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7984,Russia confirms ‘partial’ withdrawal of troops from Ukraine border | Russia | The Guardian,Newspaper article,https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/15/russia-ukraine-border-troops-withdrawal,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XVWT5527,15 February 2022,"Andrew Roth, Philip Oltermann",,The Guardian,2022-02-25T21:54:56Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7985,US accuses Russia of recruiting officials in attempt to take over Ukrainian government,Webpage,https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/20/politics/us-transfer-weapons-ukraine/index.html,The United States accused Russia of recruiting current and former Ukrainian government officials to attempt to take control of Ukraine's government as it unveiled new sanctions on Thursday.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/P37XZ78N,21 January 2022,"Veronica Stracqualursi, Kylie Atwood, Jennifer Hansler, Alex Marquardt",,,2022-02-27T17:55:59Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7986,Kremlin plan to install pro-Russian leadership in Ukraine exposed,Webpage,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/kremlin-plan-to-install-pro-russian-leadership-in-ukraine-exposed,Foreign Secretary Liz Truss gave a statement on the Kremlin plan to install pro-Russian leadership in Ukraine.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4M8BF53L,22 January 2022,,,,2022-02-27T17:55:16Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7987,Britain claims Vladimir Putin is plotting a puppet regime in Ukraine,Newspaper article,https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2022/01/22/britain-claims-vladimir-putin-plotting-puppet-regime-ukraine/,Boris Johnson warns Europe against ‘naivety’ over the Russian president as the Foreign Office names Kremlin’s agents,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/II5VRGNW,2022-01-22,"Henry Bodkin, Edward Malnick, Nataliya Vasilyeva, Nick Allen",,The Telegraph,2022-02-27T18:00:36Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7988,Why has Russia invaded Ukraine?,Newspaper article,https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/02/25/why-has-russia-invaded-ukraine-attack-war/,"Russian troops have entered Ukraine, so how did it reach this point?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JTAHZWFI,2022-02-25,Verity Bowman,,The Telegraph,2022-02-27T17:58:00Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7989,Follow the Russia-Ukraine Monitor Map,Webpage,https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/02/27/follow-the-russia-ukraine-monitor-map/,The Russia-Ukraine Monitor Map is an open source effort to track unfolding events in the conflict in Ukraine.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ICY4DXPQ,2022-02-27T08:33:37+00:00,Benjamin Strick,,,2022-02-27T14:16:01Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7990,Ukraine crisis brings British intelligence out of the shadows,Newspaper article,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/18/ukraine-crisis-bring-british-intelligence-out-of-the-shadow-warning-russian-invasion-information-war-with-kremlin,Analysis: warnings of Russian invasion issued in bid to shape the narrative and win information war with Kremlin,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RYEP8IQ9,2022-02-18T18:44:03.000Z,"Dan Sabbagh, Dan Sabbagh Defence, security editor",,The Guardian,2022-02-27T14:12:25Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7991,"Putin, NATO and European Security",Blog post,https://samf.substack.com/p/putin-nato-and-european-security,"The Russian-Ukraine crisis is reaching its culminating stage with the much anticipated and transparently staged ‘provocation’ in the Donbas. This is how the playbook tells us that President Putin creates his pretext for war. A manufactured threat to the enclaves in Eastern Ukraine was always one potential casus belli, even though it does not relate to the big Russian theme of the past few months, which is that urgent action is needed to redress the bias against Russia in the European security order.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3A8ZPLJ5,2022-02-20,Lawrence Freedman,,,2022-02-27T14:12:05Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7992,Ukraine and Intelligence Prebuttal: A Quick Post-Mortem,Magazine article,https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/ukraine-and-intelligence-prebuttal-quick-post-mortem,While Western intelligence assessments were largely proven correct they are not a substitute for strategy itself.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/GMT8EQZA,24 February 2022,Dan Lomas,,RUSI,2022-02-25T12:04:10Z,"['WHBCJ8GW', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7993,"To Brief, Or Not to Brief: UK Intelligence and Public Disclosure",Magazine article,https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/brief-or-not-brief-uk-intelligence-and-public-disclosure,"The UK government’s recent release of information on Moscow’s intentions in Ukraine is not the first time intelligence has been released as evidence, and raises questions about who delivers the message and what information should be used.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7XT8ETUZ,02 February 2022,Dan Lomas,,RUSI,2022-02-25T21:20:04Z,"['WHBCJ8GW', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7994,The Coming Ukrainian Insurgency,Magazine article,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/ukraine/2022-02-25/coming-ukrainian-insurgency,Russia's invasion could unleash forces the Kremlin can't control.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/SVLL7A9Q,2022-02-25T12:45:24-05:00,Douglas London,,Foreign Affairs,2022-02-25T21:19:18Z,"['WHBCJ8GW', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7995,The Fight for Ukraine,Blog post,https://samf.substack.com/p/the-fight-for-ukraine,"In my previous post I explained why I thought that this war had begun badly for Russia and was likely to end badly. Even if the military campaign progressed with greater efficiency Putin was still likely to lose because he was following a delusional strategy – reflecting his belief that Ukraine was a non-state with no national identity, that Kyiv could be taken quickly, so that President Zelensky could be deposed, and that a compliant puppet regime could be installed in his stead. Nothing has yet happened to make me change that view.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/FYE9W6FU,2022-02-27,Lawrence Freedman,,,2022-02-27T14:06:49Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7996,A Reckless Gamble,Blog post,https://samf.substack.com/p/a-reckless-gamble,"Wars rarely go to plan, especially if you believe your own rhetoric",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/39RCBUHM,2022-02-25,Lawrence Freedman,,,2022-02-25T22:32:02Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7997,Is Russia Preparing For War?,Blog post,https://samf.substack.com/p/is-russia-preparing-for-war,"This week sees an intensive period of diplomacy intended to head off the military offensive that Russia has been threatening to launch against Ukraine since late last year. After today’s bilateral in Geneva between the US and Russia, NATO countries will meet in Brussels with Russia on Wednesday, followed the next day by a gathering in Vienna of the Organisation of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), which includes all European countries.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/JNFTEM9K,2022-01-10,Lawrence Freedman,,,2022-02-25T22:53:03Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7998,A CIA Cold Warrior on the Intelligence War Over Ukraine,Blog post,https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/a-cia-cold-warrior-on-the-intelligence-war-over-ukraine/,"Burton Gerber, former chief of the CIA’s Soviet section, worries America has publicized too much of what it knows – or thinks it knows – about Russia’s war plans.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/B8QIURPM,2022-02-22T22:15:57+00:00,Michael Weiss,,,2022-02-25T12:05:27Z,"['WHBCJ8GW', 'Y959U28A']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 7999,Putin Is Taking a Huge Gamble,Magazine article,https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/12/russia-putin-ukraine/620961/,His decision to assemble an invasion force along Russia’s border with Ukraine suggests that we are about to enter a dangerous new phase of international relations.,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZC7PD7LF,2021-12-10T12:00:00Z,Thomas Wright,,The Atlantic,2022-02-25T21:27:40Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8000,This Is Putin’s War,Magazine article,https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/02/putin-russia-invasion-ukraine-war/621182/,"The U.S. must support an insurgency that will cause the occupiers to regret, and then reverse, their attempt to crush Ukrainian independence.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/YIN6S3RA,2022-02-23T10:00:00Z,Eliot A. Cohen,,The Atlantic,2022-02-25T21:18:11Z,['Y959U28A'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8001,"Western intelligence was mocked after Iraq. With Ukraine, it has redeemed itself",Newspaper article,https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2022/02/24/western-intelligence-mocked-iraq-ukraine-has-redeemed/,Predictions that Russia would launch an invasion of Ukraine have been coming for months - and they have proved to be entirely accurate,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QFLJ5N5U,2022-02-24,Raffaello Pantucci,,The Telegraph,2022-02-25T15:44:33Z,['WHBCJ8GW'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8002,Personnel Security at Bletchley Park - Part One,Blog post,https://siginthistorian.blogspot.com/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MCIX6NV8,"Tuesday, February 22, 2022",,,,2022-02-22T21:18:05Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8003,The Changing Character of War Centre,Webpage,http://www.ccw.ox.ac.uk,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8PL5GAFF,,,,,2022-02-22T14:23:12Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8004,Comparing National Approaches to the Study of Intelligence,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1093/isp/ekz031,"This forum compares and contrasts national experiences in the development of intelligence studies from the perspective of seven countries: France, Japan, Israel, Romania, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The discussion is structured around a comparative framework that emphasizes five core dimensions that, we posit, are essential to the emergence of this subfield: access to relevant government information, institutionalization of research on intelligence and security in a higher education setting, periodic scientific meetings and networks, teaching and learning opportunities, and engagement between researchers and practitioners. The forum demonstrates how researchers working in different contexts and disciplines have overcome similar challenges to broaden our understanding of secret government practices.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TSD7MDZT,"August 1, 2020","Damien Van Puyvelde, James J Wirtz, Jean-Vincent Holeindre, Benjamin Oudet, Uri Bar-Joseph, Ken Kotani, Florina Cristiana Matei, Antonio M Díaz Fernández",,International Studies Perspectives,2022-02-22T11:09:39Z,"['H28QZ8XV', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1093/isp/ekz031,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2998627866,9.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2998627866,2021.0,2025.0,2020.0,,1.0 8005,International Institute for Strategic Studies,Webpage,https://www.iiss.org/,"We are a world-leading authority on global security, political risk and military conflict.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/8U8KNPGG,,,,,2022-02-21T11:40:21Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8006,Center for the Study of Intelligence - CIA,Webpage,https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EU5KEUGK,,,,,2022-02-21T08:51:42Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8007,Central Intelligence Agency - CIA,Webpage,https://www.cia.gov/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/EIFTRLB8,,,,,2022-02-21T08:51:23Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8008,"#ForgetJamesBond: diversity, inclusion and the UK’s intelligence agencies",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1938370,"Diversity and inclusivity remain top priorities for UK intelligence, having been much maligned for the largely white, male stereotype. The Intelligence & Security Committee of Parliament has published a number of reports suggesting that, even in 2018, the UK’s agencies were still behind Whitehall. Historically, there have been issues with female, BAME and LGBT representation, with the article placing today’s criticism of the agencies in historical context with a particular focus on the period after 1945. The article also examines the position now and the steps taken by the agencies to promote change, suggesting there are grounds for cautious optimism.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MYRZ4HHB,"July 2, 2021",Daniel W. B. Lomas,,Intelligence and National Security,2021-07-16T12:29:53Z,"['9YH9YSYQ', 'CK5MNYPQ']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1938370,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3170558112,10.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3170558112,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1938370?needAccess=true&role=button,1.0 8009,On the strategic consequences of digital espionage,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2021.2000628,"Digital espionage has Cold War origins, but states are still determining how to respond when they are found to be its latest victims. In multilateral discussions about norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace, digital political espionage is the elephant in the room. Like other aspects of inter-state intelligence competition, digital espionage is ‘business as usual’ but can also lead to tensions, particularly when operations become public. The strategic consequences of digital espionage appear significant, as asymmetries of state power and poor understanding of technical aspects of cyber operations lead to uncertainty about appropriate responses to ‘cyber victimhood’. We offer multiple propositions to frame state responses to digital espionage, focusing on the relational power of the victim and spying states and their bilateral relationships. States will generally respond proportionately to state-on-state digital espionage, whilst domestic-political factors pressure them to adopt more robust, cost-imposing measures that may exacerbate the strategic consequences of digital espionage. We illustrate these propositions with three recent cases – the Snowden revelations (2013); the Office of Personnel Management breach (2014); and the SolarWinds breach (2020) – and explore the importance of calibrated responses to digital political espionage for strategic stability and state behavioural norms in cyberspace.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BRIL5EXJ,"September 2, 2021","Joe Devanny, Ciaran Martin, Tim Stevens",Routledge,Journal of Cyber Policy,2022-02-16T08:42:25Z,['8XXD789V'],10.1080/23738871.2021.2000628,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3209489214,17.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3209489214,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23738871.2021.2000628?needAccess=true,1.0 8010,Intelligence is NOT About “Telling Truth to Power”,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2021.1928438,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L2KPJ3BM,"October 2, 2021",Mark M. Lowenthal,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2022-02-09T11:39:45Z,"['B4CCZ7Y8', 'CZJ36V8L', 'HCN8YFI8']",10.1080/08850607.2021.1928438,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3174904944,2.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3174904944,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,,1.0 8011,Reconnecting the dots: state-terrorist relations during the Cold War,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2001956,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RRG5UX8I,"January 7, 2022",Daniela Richterova,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2022-01-25T12:56:35Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2021.2001956,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W4206445827,2.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4206445827,2025.0,2026.0,2022.0,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.2001956,3.0 8012,"Marianne Is Watching: Intelligence, Counterintelligence, and the Origins of the French Surveillance State",Book,https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska/9781496223722,"Professional intelligence became a permanent feature of the French state as a result of the army’s June 8, 1871, reorganization following France’s defeat...",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/54PGGXYU,2021,Deborah Bauer,University of Nebraska Press,,2022-01-12T09:17:41Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8013,Health Security Intelligence,Book,https://www.routledge.com/Health-Security-Intelligence/Goodman-Wilson-Lentzos/p/book/9781032157382,"Health Security Intelligence introduces readers to the world of health security, to threats like COVID-19, and to the many other incarnations of global health security threats and their implications for intelligence and national security. Disease outbreaks like COVID-19 have not historically been considered a national security matter. While disease outbreaks among troops have always been a concern, it was the potential that arose in the first half of the twentieth century to systematically desig",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/4CBNHWV6,2022,"Michael S. Goodman, James M. Wilson, Filippa Lentzos",Routledge,,2022-01-10T08:58:34Z,['N8VR3BYE'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8014,Great Britain before 1914,Book chapter,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/UXUTLDDA,1986,P.M. Kennedy,Princeton University Press,,2022-01-02T18:43:05Z,['9DTPTK46'],,Knowing One's Enemies: Intelligence Assessment Before the Two World Wars,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8015,Knowing One's Enemies: Intelligence Assessment Before the Two World Wars,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MGXMQ898,1986,Ernest R. May,Princeton University Press,,2022-01-02T18:42:29Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8016,"The Failure of British Espionage against Germany, 1907-1914",Journal article,https://www.jstor.org/stable/2639288,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/D3LZJCC7,1983,Nicholas P. Hiley,Cambridge University Press,The Historical Journal,2022-01-02T18:40:39Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8017,Under Every Leaf: How Britain played the Greater Game from Afghanistan to Africa,Book,,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/N9FGH5R3,2012,William Beaver,Biteback Publishing,,2021-12-29T19:24:34Z,['9DTPTK46'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8018,"ACIPSS – Austrian Center for Intelligence, Propaganda Security Studies",Webpage,https://acipss.org/en/acipss-2/,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/AYGTMBGT,,,,,2021-12-20T12:58:15Z,['Y4YJ2AWB'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8019,Writing the Official History of the Joint Intelligence Committee,Journal article,https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/secrecyandsociety/vol2/iss1/9,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/I98Y4D7N,2018-09-13,Michael Goodman,,Secrecy and Society,2021-12-12T22:07:45Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'TDUVX2TF']",10.31979/2377-6188.2018.020109,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2970492228,11.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2970492228,2015.0,2021.0,2018.0,https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1041&context=secrecyandsociety,-3.0 8020,"French paramilitary actions during the Algerian War of Independence, 1956-1958",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946950,"The archives of the Secretariat General for African and Malagasy Affairs (1958-1974) include a variety of documents on French intelligence in a post-war era marked by decolonisation. Among them is a 6-page long table synthesising information on 38 paramilitary operations conducted or cancelled from January 1956 to March 1958, as well as nine additional operations that were ‘in preparation’ at the time. A detailed analysis of this document adds to our understanding of the French experience with covert action in the context of the Algerian War of Independence, and shows how the fog and friction of ‘secret war’ reinforce the subjective nature of reporting on and assessing covert action’s effectiveness.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/HQRSEKB2,"September 19, 2021",Damien Van Puyvelde,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-12-12T21:10:01Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'B6RJNLTK']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1946950,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3178166329,4.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3178166329,2023.0,2025.0,2021.0,https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946950?needAccess=true,2.0 8021,The governance of covert action: asymmetric power and the British plan to overthrow Saddam,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946957,"This article helps analysts unpack the complex policy networks responsible for making decisions on the use of covert action. It does this by using the Asymmetric Power Model as a lens for studying Britain’s plan to instigate a coup against Iraq in 2001. From that, this article offers new insights into the influence that SpAds and intelligence leaders can have within the covert action network. It also offers insights into the role of agency and structure in intelligence-policymaker relations and how these concepts can allow policymakers to sidestep formal structures in favour of a more informal approach to covert action.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/5ZQUQ29D,"September 19, 2021",Thomas Eason,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-12-12T21:09:39Z,['B6RJNLTK'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1946957,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3182994685,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3182994685,2026.0,2026.0,2021.0,https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_governance_of_covert_action_asymmetric_power_and_the_British_plan_to_overthrow_Saddam/24399811,5.0 8022,Devil’s Advocacy within Dutch military intelligence (2008-2020): an effective instrument for quality assurance?,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946951,"In 2008 a Devil's Advocate (DA) office was established within the Dutch Defence Intelligence and Security Service (DISS) to improve quality assurance and institutionalise critical reflection in its ranks. Over the years, the DA concept developed into a system of critical review of operational and strategic processes pertaining to the intelligence cycle as a whole. The DA office provides the DISS management with valuable feedback on the overall performance of the service (intelligence collection and analytical output), and how its output is appreciated by its customers. The following paper will describe this approach and highlight the results and challenges encountered.gt",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/MICVR7EI,"September 19, 2021","Alexander Claver, Huibert M. van de Meeberg",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-12-12T21:09:28Z,"['CK5MNYPQ', 'CZJ36V8L']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1946951,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3180877495,5.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3180877495,2023.0,2025.0,2021.0,,2.0 8023,"The impact of AI on intelligence analysis: tackling issues of collaboration, algorithmic transparency, accountability, and management",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946952,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RNQ4EQHR,"September 19, 2021","Kathleen M. Vogel, Gwendolynne Reid, Christopher Kampe, Paul Jones",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-12-12T21:09:00Z,"['CZJ36V8L', 'E5UVWK8S']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1946952,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3180304238,44.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3180304238,2022.0,2025.0,2021.0,,1.0 8024,New evidence and new methods for analyzing the Iranian revolution as an intelligence failure,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946959,"The U.S. government failure to predict the Shah’s 1979 fall is a prototypical example of intelligence failure. We complement the close reading of memoirs and State Department documents with computational analysis of the documents in the aggregate, including cables to and from embassies and consulates in Iran. Using several techniques including traffic and sentiment analysis, we find that officials in Iran reported on the protests but did not stress the situation’s severity until too late. D.C. officials were distracted by other events. Text analysis can complement qualitative approaches to more clearly indicate what good intelligence reporting can and cannot achieve.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/DKTZ24DB,"September 19, 2021","Matthew Connelly, Raymond Hicks, Robert Jervis, Arthur Spirling",Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-12-12T21:07:59Z,"['CZT6L9T7', 'D7XFV7JL']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1946959,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3190457520,7.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3190457520,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,,1.0 8025,Moshe Dayan in the Yom Kippur War: a Reassessment,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946954,"The purpose of this paper is to reassess the widespread accepted criticism of Moshe Dayan’s functioning as defense minister towards and during the 5 Yom Kippur War. Now that most of the archival documents have been opened to public view, we can better assess his performance during the war. This reassessment changes the picture: Dayan did not collapse, and the professional opinions he expressed were generally sound when accounting for the information available to him; however, there is no doubt that he allowed his subordinates to see his disturbed emotions and shook their confidence – a failure of leadership.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/7G6JILS3,"November 10, 2021",Eitan Shamir,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-12-12T21:07:08Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'DHLN8GE4']",10.1080/02684527.2021.1946954,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3182741865,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3182741865,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,,1.0 8026,"Intelligence and alliance politics: America, Britain, and the strategic Defense Initiative",Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2021.1946958,"In March 1983, President Ronald Reagan called upon American scientists to develop a capability to render nuclear weapons “impotent and obsolete.” The president’s speech led to the creation of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), an effort to develop a missile defense system with interceptors on land and in space that Reagan hoped would lead to a nuclear-free world. SDI quickly became a contentious subject in American-Soviet relations and among the transatlantic allies. Even though she rejected Reagan’s ultimate goal for SDI, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher decided to have the United Kingdom become formally involved in SDI research and development. This article investigates the role of intelligence in shaping U.S. and British policy on SDI. It further explores how SDI impacted Anglo-American intelligence cooperation.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ECYU9KY8,"November 10, 2021",Aaron Bateman,Routledge,Intelligence and National Security,2021-12-12T21:04:57Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/02684527.2021.1946958,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3181313545,1.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3181313545,2024.0,2024.0,2021.0,,3.0 8027,How a poorly drafted telegram spelled the decline and fall of the Cambridge Five | Feature from King's College London,Blog post,https://www.kcl.ac.uk/how-a-poorly-drafted-telegram-spelled-the-decline-and-fall-of-the-cambridge-five,How did one telegram and a hasty defection plan lead to the discovery and downfall of the Cambridge Five?,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/F7ESEAY5,19 April 2021,Berenice Burnett,,,2021-12-12T21:03:38Z,['CZT6L9T7'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8028,What would Winston do? Cooperative approaches toward securing the Five Eyes information environment,Blog post,https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/what-would-winston-do-cooperative-approaches-toward-securing-the-five-eyes-information-environment/,"Language is an important carrier wave for information and disinformation alike. Given the global prevalence of English, the countries comprising the Five Eyes intelligence alliance should build upon existing proven frameworks to cooperate to secure their shared information environment. Working in real-time across these states to create a common picture of the threat environment and harmonized security and regulatory approaches would benefit defensive information space security efforts, as well as make the private sector a more effective and accountable security partner in the information space. Echoing the impassioned foresight of Winston Churchill, whose invocation to common cause shaped a political balance of power for three generations, this paper argues that the contemporary Five Eyes community would see fundamental benefits in uniting against a modern scourge of disinformation along the lines of classified information exchange models dating back nearly a century. This issue brief recommends steps toward a common regulatory environment for information platforms, greater civic defense, individual education, rapid liaison information exchange, adoption of existing best practices, and greater resources toward international research to support and refine electoral laws against evolving threats.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BEKYHLCR,2021-05-10T14:30:00+00:00,"Daniel Dobrowolski, David Gioe, Trey Herr",,,2021-12-11T23:42:55Z,"['8XXD789V', 'T92JK7A5']",,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8029,Intelligence and Security Services in Brazil Reappraising Institutional Flaws and Political Dynamics,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2020.1868784,"The intelligence and security sector in Brazil has experienced institutional tensions between legitimacy and effectiveness throughout its history. The combination of unequal socioeconomic structures, an authoritarian political culture, and uncooperative political dynamics explain such imbalances. During the Military Dictatorship (1964–1985), the National Information Service (SNI) was effective against those opposing the regime. The New Republic (1985–2014) tried to overcome its legacy. In 1990, the SNI was closed down. In the first decade after the Cold War, security reforms lingered. The National Congress established the Brazilian Intelligence Agency (ABIN) in 1999. Over two decades, the Brazilian Intelligence System (SISBIN) expanded to 42 leading agencies. Legislative oversight developed slowly and narrowly focused on ABIN. Although prone to various crises, Brazil was able to keep the trilemma democracy, security, and development in precarious equilibrium. Tight reelection for Dilma Rousseff (PT) in 2014 marked a new prolonged economic crisis and bitterly polarized politics in Brazil. Under Bolsonaro, there is concern about the military tutelage, undue politicization of law enforcement and security, and insufficient legislative oversight. Legitimacy in the security realm depends on analytical integrity, robust accountability, and clear operational rules and limits. Will that be possible in an era of global erosion of equality and democracy?",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/QZDUNEUJ,"January 2, 2021",Marco Cepik,Routledge,"The International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs",2021-12-05T21:26:59Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/23800992.2020.1868784,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3141792746,6.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3141792746,2022.0,2026.0,2021.0,,1.0 8030,Bosses and Gatekeepers: A Network Analysis of South America’s Intelligence Systems,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2017.1297117,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/XRTA9VUN,"October 2, 2017",Marco Cepik,Routledge,Intl Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence,2021-12-05T21:10:42Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],10.1080/08850607.2017.1297117,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2752162072,4.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2752162072,2020.0,2024.0,2017.0,,3.0 8031,Shpion vs. Casus: Ottoman and Russian Intelligence in the Balkans during the Crimean War (1853–56),Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2013.870889,"In October 1853, a war erupted between the Russian and the Ottoman empires, which became the celebrated Crimean War in the following year. The Danubian theatre, one of the crucial scenes of the war, witnessed both belligerents trying to discover the other's activities and planned operations. As they were inhabited by cosmopolitan and heterogeneous populations, Dobruca (Dobruja) and Bessarabia were the most convenient places for both parties to gather military intelligence. The Ottomans acquired information via the Wallachians and the Cossacks, as well as by diplomatic missions and various merchants. The Ottoman Empire's Orthodox Christian subjects – the Bulgarians and Greeks – assisted Russia in gathering information from the right bank of the Danube. Some of these reports were unreliable, as were the spies themselves. The Russian and Ottoman archives have rich resources related to military intelligence, which is an understudied aspect of the Crimean War. Relying upon the archival sources, this paper aims to discuss an entirely ignored topic: the espionage activities in the Balkan theatre during the Crimean War.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/ZQU8TXLG,"March 4, 2014",İbrahim Köremezli,Routledge,Middle Eastern Studies,2021-12-05T21:05:44Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",10.1080/00263206.2013.870889,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2040887985,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2040887985,2016.0,2016.0,2014.0,,2.0 8032,Political Police Archives in Ukraine and Georgia: A Research Note,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2019.1686127,"After the deluge of archival declassification that took place following the collapse of the Soviet Union, historians of Soviet society, and of the political police in particular, are still denied access to the FSB archives in Russia. However, a combination of political turmoil and military conflict has led to the opening of the entire archives of other Soviet-era political police services. This article will discuss why research into the Soviet political police remains critically important, examine the opening of the archives in Georgia and Ukraine, and explain what these archives contain and how to use them. Finally, possibilities for new areas of research are explored.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/9FSYFULX,"January 2, 2020",Polly Corrigan,Routledge,Europe-Asia Studies,2021-11-30T14:28:22Z,['KGU8VLSW'],10.1080/09668136.2019.1686127,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W2993829567,3.0,False,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2993829567,2025.0,2025.0,2019.0,,6.0 8033,China,Book chapter,https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203762721,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NP3SG7WI,2013,Nicholas Eftimiades,Taylor and Francis,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8034,France,Book chapter,https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203762721,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/KW7RECZA,2013,Pierre Lethier,Taylor and Francis,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8035,Israel,Book chapter,https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203762721,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/VYXJ28XA,2013,Uri Bar-Joseph,Taylor and Francis,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8036,Russia,Book chapter,https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203762721,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/TQMAJUDC,2013,Reginald Brope,Taylor and Francis,,2020-07-12T12:36:38Z,"['AZ3BZ9BR', 'CK5MNYPQ']",,Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8037,Intelligence and crisis: the use of intelligence in the Taba Affair of 1906,Presentation,https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/Intelligence_and_crisis_the_use_of_intelligence_in_the_Taba_Affair_of_1906/17092412/2,"This paper was presented at the BCMH New Researchers Conference, London on 27 November 2021. (http://www.bcmh.org.uk/event/call-for-papers-bcmh-new-researchers-conference-26-27-november-2021/) Abstract:The use of intelligence is always considered crucial during times of crisis and war. A small crisis in Taba (Egypt), suddenly erupted in early 1906 owing to a border dispute in the Sinai Peninsula, presents a good case where intelligence played an important role. During the crisis and its aftermath, the option of forcing the Dardanelles Straits to coerce the Ottomans was proposed and discussed in Whitehall. However, such a scheme was rejected by the Committee of Imperial Defence following a joint study by the intelligence and fighting departments. The main reason for the proposal being rejected is intelligence that had been collected since the Great Eastern Crisis of 1875-78. Recently established military and naval intelligence services had compiled information and produced regular reports that demonstrated how Turkish defences had been strengthened following the defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 and thus put forward the risks of forcing the Straits. Taba Crisis demonstrates how intelligence was successfully used in a crisis and impacted the government’s decision-making. The Crisis is also important as it led the way the last important assessment on the Dardanelles before the Gallipoli Campaign of 1915 being made. What makes it more significant is the fact that British military and political figures who would also be in similar positions in 1915 were involved in discussions in 1906-7. This case also supports the argument that British intelligence services were actually effective and produced regular intelligence reports before the foundation of Secret Service Bureau, the predecessor of MI6.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/3U6J9CPE,2021/11/29,Yusuf Ali Ozkan,,,2021-11-29T19:17:46Z,['9DTPTK46'],10.6084/m9.figshare.17092412.v2,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W6902036579,0.0,True,,,,2021.0,https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17092412.v2, 8038,"The South African Intelligence Services: From Apartheid to Democracy, 1948-2005",Book,https://www.routledge.com/The-South-African-Intelligence-Services-From-Apartheid-to-Democracy-1948-2005/OBrien/p/book/9780415535243,"This book is the first full history of South African intelligence and provides a detailed examination of the various stages in the evolution of South Africa’s intelligence organizations and structures. Covering the apartheid period of 1948-90, the transition from apartheid to democracy of 1990-94, and the post-apartheid period of new intelligence dispensation from 1994-2005, this book examines not only the apartheid government’s intelligence dispensation and operations, but also those of th",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RSC6REKD,2012,O'Brien Kevin,Routledge,,2021-11-29T08:16:10Z,['AZ3BZ9BR'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8039,Russian Military Intelligence,Book chapter,https://brill.com/view/title/8556,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/NUJXZIW5,2015,Evgenii Sergeev,Brill,,2021-11-22T20:55:55Z,"['9DTPTK46', 'AZ3BZ9BR']",,"The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero, Volume I",Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8040,Creating a Commonwealth Security Culture? State-Building and the International Politics of Security Assistance in Tanzania,Journal article,https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2020.1748681,"While numerous studies have examined Tanzania’s political, economic and social development either side of independence, the development of its security sector and its interaction with external actors within this context is not well understood. This partly reflects case-specific methodological challenges, tackled here through multiple overseas sources, but also the relative absence of research on intelligence and security communities in the Global South more generally. Approaching this lacunae head on, this article draws on security assistance literature related to ‘patron-client relations’ and ‘principal-agent’ theory to trace the nature and impact of limited British security assistance pre-independence, before demonstrating how and why significant change characterised Tanzania’s increasingly politicised and unstable security sector and its key international liaison partners post-independence. These changes would quickly end British hopes of integrating Tanzania into a ‘Commonwealth security culture’ of friendly post-colonial states, with Tanzania charting its own non-aligned path through a competition of Cold War patrons.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/L6G6GQN5,"January 2, 2021","Thomas J. Maguire, Hannah Franklin",Routledge,The International History Review,2021-11-22T17:00:02Z,['CZT6L9T7'],10.1080/07075332.2020.1748681,,Unclassified,,https://openalex.org/W3017007954,1.0,True,https://openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3017007954,2020.0,2020.0,2020.0,https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/0a5b31ea-c4b3-4ebe-8f0b-dc01950b6da9,0.0 8041,Surprise attack: the victim's perspective,Book,https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kcl/detail.action?docID=3300671,"Ephraim Kam observes surprise attack through the eyes of its victim in order to understand the causes of the victim's failure to anticipate the coming of war. Emphasing the psychological aspect of warfare, Kam traces the behavior of the victim at various functional levels and from several points of view in order to examine the difficulties and mistakes that permit a nation to be taken by surprise. He argues that anticipation and prediction of a coming war are more complicated than any other issue of strategic estimation, involving such interdependent factors as analytical contradictions, judgemental biases, organizational obstacles, and political as well as military constraints.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/RJLTIPVF,2004,"Ephraim Kam, Merkaz le-meḥḳarim asṭraṭegiyim ʻal shem Yafeh",Harvard University Press,,2020-07-20T12:37:12Z,['9YPHGMBS'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8042,Intelligence Services Act 1994,Webpage,https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1994/13/contents,"An Act to make provision about the Secret Intelligence Service and the Government Communications Headquarters, including provision for the issue of warrants and authorisations enabling certain actions to be taken and for the issue of such warrants and authorisations to be kept under review; to make further provision about warrants issued on applications by the Security Service; to establish a procedure for the investigation of complaints about the Secret Intelligence Service and the Government Communications Headquarters; to make provision for the establishment of an Intelligence and Security Committee to scrutinise all three of those bodies; and for connected purposes.",https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/63VG9TSZ,,,Statute Law Database,,2020-07-27T07:30:10Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8043,"The History of the Development of Directorate of Military Intelligence, the War Office 1855-1939",Manuscript,https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C4420863,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/BIRT3C7E,October 1957,,,,2021-08-21T20:31:44Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8044,History of MI 1B,Manuscript,https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C11280569,,https://www.zotero.org/groups/intelarchive_intelligence_studies_database/items/PD6LS9NE,1919/1923,,,,2021-08-21T20:31:18Z,['9H865NIL'],,,Unclassified,,,,,,,,,, 8045,Senior parliamentarians criticise failures in government security planning - Committees - UK Parliament,Webpage,https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/111/national-security-strategy-joint-committee/news/157608/senior-parliamentarians-criticise-failures-in-government-security-planning/,"A Parliamentary committee concerned with national security strategy says there are serious weaknesses in the workings of UK Government structures that deal with national security, as exemplified by both the covid-19 pandemic and recent events in Afghanistan.