TABLE 3. — Morphological comparison of Geastrum crystallinum sp.nov. and close related species based on descriptions by Baseia et al. (2003); Trierveiler-Pereira et al. (2011); Kuhar et al. (2012); Sousa et al. (2014, 2019) and Assis et al. (2019). In bold, characteristics of the new species.
| Geastrum triplex Jungh. | Geastrum smardae V.J. Stanek | Geastrum saccatum Fr. | Geastrum corollinum (Batsch) Hollós Geastrum caatingense J.O. Sousa, M.P. Martín & Baseia | Geastrum caatingense J.O. Sousa, M.P. Martín & Baseia | Geastrum hyalinum Freitas-Neto, N.M. Assis, J.O. Sousa & Baseia | Geastrum lageniforme Vittad. Geastrum floriforme Vittad. | Geastrum floriforme Vittad. | Geastrum crystallinum sp. nov. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exoperidi | ||||||||
| 47-64 mm diam., 5-8 saccate, forming a prominent collar around the endoperidium, rays involute, non-hygroscopic | 25-30 mm diam., 6-8 saccate, forming acollar around the endoperidium, rays revolute, split-ting, to about the middle non-hygroscopic | 8-50 mm diam., 6-8 saccate, some rays are split at the apex, involute or not, non-hygroscopic | 6-19 mm diam., saccate to slightly arched, 8-11 strongly hygroscopic rays that cover the endoperidial body 7-29 mm diam., 6-10 rays revolute when fresh, involute, rolling up above the endoperidial body or planar when dry, hygroscopic | 7-29 mm diam., 6-10 rays revolute when fresh, involute, rolling up above the endoperidial body or planar when dry, hygroscopic | 28-34 mm diam., 5-7 triangular rays, revolute, non-hygroscopic | 7-45 mm diam 6-8 saccate, long rays, slender and with longitudinal ridges on the external layer, non-hygroscopic.,9-mm diam., 6-8 s accate, revolute rolling up under basidioma, non-hygroscopic | .,9-mm diam., 6-8 s accate, revolute rolling up under basidioma, non-hygroscopic | 5-17 mm diam., 7-9 triangular rays, revolute, non-hygroscopic |
| Endoperidium | ||||||||
| 18-25 mm, sessile, globose, yellowish brown to dark brown when fresh | Sessile, dark blond | 5-16 mm, without crystalline matter, depressed-globose, sessile, greyish green | Sessile, globose, greyish beige 6-16 mm, ses- sile, with glabrous surface with presence of crystalline matter, orangish gray, brownish gray to yellowish white | 6-16 mm, ses- sile, with glabrous surface with presence of crystalline matter, orangish gray, brownish gray to yellowish white | 6-17 mm, sessile, with protruding hyphae, orange white to pale orange | 8-13 mm, ses- 5-17 mm, ses- sile, with- sile, without out crystal- crystalline line matter, matter, sub-pale orange globose to when fresh, pyriform, vio- to blond let brown to greyish brown | 5-17 mm, ses- sile, without crystalline matter, sub- globose to pyriform, vio- let brown to greyish brown | 3,5-6 mm, sessile, with small protrud- ing hyphae, whitish to whitish orange |
| Peristome | ||||||||
| Fibrillose, delimited distinctly | Fibrillose | Fibrillose, distinctly delimited, slightly darker than endoperidium | Fibrillose, dis- tinctly delimited Fibrillose, strongly coni- cal, distinctly delimited | Fibrillose, strongly coni- cal, distinctly delimited | Fibrillose, flat, distinctly delimited | Fibrillose, con- color with endoperid- ium, distinctly delimited | Irregularly pli- cate, becom- ing fibril- lose to lacer- ate with age, not delimited, conic | Fibrillose, flat to mam- miform, not delimited distinctly |
| Gleba | ||||||||
| Not observed | Not observed | Not observed | Brown | Grayish brown | Yellowish white Not observed Brownish grey | Brownish grey | Whitish | |
| Capillitium | ||||||||
| Yellowish to brownish hyphae straight, solid or with narrow lumen, 2.0-6.0 µm diam., covered or not with amorphous material | Light brown, unbranched or shortly branched, 3.0-4.0 µm diam. | Yellowish to slightly brownish hyphae straight, with wide or narrow lumen, covered with amorphous material, 2.0- 6.0 µm diam. | Hyphae thick walled | Yellowish, thin- walled, 3.8-6.7 μm diam., sur- face encrusted | Hyaline, thin- walled, 2.7-4.7 μm diam., surface encrusted | Yellowish, thin-walled, 2.5-7.0 µm diam. hyphae straight to more or less sinuous, with narrow lumen, covered with amorphous material Brownish, walls straight thick 4.6-7.1 μm diam., surface light encrusted, glabrous, lumen evident, not branched, | Brownish, walls straight thick 4.6-7.1 μm diam., surface light encrusted, glabrous, lumen evident, not branched, | Hyaline, thinwalled, 1.3-4.3 μm diam., surface encrusted |
| Basidiospores | ||||||||
| Basidiospores golden brown to brownish, densely orna- mented with more or less columnar pro- cesses, 4.5- 6.0 µm diam. | Globose, 4.0- 5.5 µm diam. | Globose, brownish, ornamented with dense high columns 4.0-5.5 µm diam. | globose, 3.5- 4.0 μm wide, verrucose, with ≤0.4 μm, long colum- nar verrucae | Subglobose, brownish, ver- rucose (apex slightly pointed or rounded, with some inconspicu- ous apex with confluent tips), 5.7-6.2 μm diam. | Globose to subglo- bose, hyaline (sometimes flattened with a semi-ellip- tical shape), 3.6-5.0 × 3.6- 4.9 μm diam. | Globose, yel- lowish brown, with colum- nar ornamen- tation, 4.0- 5.0 µm diam. | Globose, brownish, warts incon- spicuous, finely verru- cose, 2.7-3.1 µm diam. | Globose to subglo- bose, hyaline (sometimes flat- tened with a semielliptical shape), 3.8-4.9 μm diam. |
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