This dataset contains 50 synthetic years of sub-hourly building energy and indoor environment data, generated from approximately 3 years of real monitored data using the Local Calendar Week Sampler method developed within the MODERATE project (Horizon Europe GA 101069834).
\nThe synthetic generation approach recombines true historical weekly profiles into statistically plausible synthetic ones, preserving seasonal patterns, weekday/weekend variation, and distributional characteristics of the original data, while providing anonymization through resampling, donor diversification, and a percentile-based source-recognizability guardrail.
\nEach synthetic year covers a full calendar year at 2-hour temporal resolution, with the following variables:
\n| Column | \nUnit | \nDescription | \n
|---|---|---|
timestamp | \n— | \nDate and time (2h intervals) | \n
el. Energy | \nkWh | \nElectrical energy consumption | \n
th. Energy | \nkWh | \nThermal energy consumption | \n
CO2 | \nppm | \nIndoor CO\u2082 concentration | \n
Temperature | \n°C | \nIndoor air temperature | \n
WZ warm_water_energy | \nkWh | \nDomestic hot water energy | \n
ext. Solar Irradiance | \nW/m² | \nExternal solar irradiance | \n
ext. Temperature | \n°C | \nExternal air temperature | \n
synthetic_year_id | \n— | \nIdentifier of the synthetic year (001–050) | \n
The Local Calendar Week Sampler operates as follows:
\n1. Historical weeks are validated and flagged for gaps (>3h) or extreme values (>95th percentile).
\n2. For each target week, a candidate pool of temporally aligned historical weeks is assembled.
\n3. A primary donor (donor A) provides context variables (CO\u2082, temperature); a secondary daily donor (donor B) provides energy shape variation.
\n4. The synthetic profile is constructed as a scaled convex combination of donor profiles, anchored to a candidate-pool median baseline.
\n5. Weekly totals are rescaled to match a randomly selected week from the candidate pool.
\n6. A cosine transition layer is applied at week boundaries for temperature and CO\u2082 to avoid discontinuities.
\n7. Data is resampled to 2-hour resolution (energy summed, other variables averaged).
\n\n
Anonymization measures include donor energy contribution capping (10–35%), CO\u2082 anomaly screening, resampling, and a source-recognizability guardrail that resamples weeks where the original donor remains the closest shape match.
\nStatistical fidelity of the synthetic data relative to historical data was assessed using shape-based metrics across all 50 generated years:
\n| Metric | \nValue | \n
|---|---|
| Mean nearest weekly NRMSE | \n2.008 | \n
| Median nearest weekly NRMSE | \n1.605 | \n
| Weekly close-match rate (p01) | \n0.177 | \n
| Weekly close-match rate (p05) | \n0.329 | \n
| Source-is-nearest-weekly rate | \n0.095 | \n
| Mean source shape correlation | \n0.487 | \n
| Source-is-top-shape-match rate | \n0.201 | \n
| Dominant candidate share | \n0.025 | \n
| Normalized candidate usage entropy | \n0.982 | \n
The high candidate usage entropy (0.982) indicates well-distributed sampling with no dominant source weeks. The source-is-nearest rate of 9.5% is low, indicating effective anonymization. Approximately 40% of synthetic days have a historical near-duplicate below the empirical non-self NRMSE threshold — a known limitation without formal anonymization guarantees.
\nSeasonal daily profiles and distributions of electrical energy, thermal energy, and domestic hot water energy were validated visually against historical data:
\nNo formal anonymization guarantees are provided.
\nThermal energy exhibits near-zero values in summer (near-heating-off conditions), which may amplify relative NRMSE in that season.
\nThe dataset does not include the original historical data.
\nMODERATE project: moderate-project.eu
\nGrant Agreement No.: 101069834
\nMODERATE open-source tools: github.com/MODERATE-Project
\nMODERATE platform: moderate.cloud
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\nThe community is managed by CERN on behalf of the European Commission.
\nZenodo’s general policies and Terms of Use apply to all content.
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", "description": "Open repository for EU-funded research outputs from Horizon Europe, Euratom, and earlier Framework Programmes.", "funding": [ { "funder": { "id": "00k4n6c32" } } ], "organizations": [ { "id": "00k4n6c32" } ], "page": "The EU Open Research Repository is a Zenodo-community dedicated to fostering open science and enhancing the visibility and accessibility of research outputs funded by the European Union. The community is managed by CERN on behalf of the European Commission.
\nThe mission of the repository is to support the implementation of the EU's open science policy, providing a trusted and comprehensive space for researchers to share their research outputs such as data, software, reports, presentations, posters and more. The EU Open Research Repository simplifies the process of complying with open science requirements, ensuring that research outputs from Horizon Europe, Euratom, and earlier Framework Programmes are freely accessible, thereby accelerating scientific discovery and innovation.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository serves as a complementary platform to the Open Research Europe (ORE) publishing platform. Open Research Europe focuses on providing a publishing venue for peer-reviewed articles, ensuring that research meets rigorous academic standards. The EU Open Research Repository provides a space for all the other research outputs including data sets, software, posters, and presentations that are out of scope for ORE. This holistic approach enables researchers to not only publish their findings but also share the underlying data and materials that support their work, fostering transparency and reproducibility in the scientific process.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository is funded by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101256740 (HORIZON-ZEN Plus). For more information about the project see https://about.zenodo.org/projects/horizon-zen/.
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\nThe community is managed by CERN on behalf of the European Commission.
\nZenodo’s general policies and Terms of Use apply to all content.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository accepts all digital research objects which is a research output stemming from one of EU’s research and innovation funding programmes. The funding programmes currently include:
\nHorizon Europe (including ERC, MSCA), earlier Framework Programmes (eg Horizon 2020) as well as Euratom.
\nIn line with the principle as open as possible, as closed as necessary both public and restricted content is accepted. See note on how Zenodo handles restricted content.
\nEU programme beneficiaries are eligible to submit content to the community. The community supports three types of content submissions:
\nSubmission via an EU Project Community (through user interface or programmatic APIs).
\nSubmission directly to the EU Open Research Repository.
\nAutomated harvesting from existing Zenodo content.
\nA representative of an EU project may request an EU Project Community and invite other project participants as members of the community. The project community is linked to one or more European Commission grants. All records in the project community are automatically integrated into the EU Open Research Repository immediately upon acceptance into the project community.
\nAny user may submit a record directly to the EU Open Research Repository. The submission will be moderated by Zenodo staff for compliance with the minimal required metadata requirements and its correctness.
\nRecords found among Zenodo’s existing content will on a regular basis automatically be integrated if they are found to comply with the requirements. The submissions through this method are integrated into the EU Open Research Repository with delay in a fully automated way.
\nRecords in the EU Open Research Repository are required to comply with the following minimal metadata requirements:
\nVisibility: Both public and restricted (with or without embargo and/or access request)
\nResource types: All resource types.
\nLicenses: Public and embargoed records MUST specify a license. The chosen license SHOULD be compliant with the Horizon Europe open science requirements (see Open Science in Horizon Europe)
\nFunding information: Records MUST specify at least one grant from the European Commission.
\nCreators: Creators SHOULD be identified with a persistent identifier (e.g. ORCID, GND, …), and affiliations SHOULD be identified with a persistent identifier (e.g. ROR, ISNI, …)
\nSubjects: Records SHOULD specify one or more fields of science from the European Science Vocabulary.
\nThese metadata requirements comes from the related open science requirements in Horizon Europe which are detailed in each project's grant agreement.
\nAll submissions undergo automated curation checks for compliance with the policy. Submissions through project communities are in addition reviewed by the project community. Submission directly to the EU Open Research Repository is in addiotn reviewed by Zenodo staff.
\nCommunity curators may at any point edit metadata of the records in the community without notice through human or automated processing. The curators may at their sole discretion remove records from the community that are deemed not to comply with the content and curation policy or which are deemed of insufficient quality.
\nThe content and curation policy is subject to change by the community owner at any time and without notice, other than through updating this page.
", "description": "Open repository for EU-funded research outputs from Horizon Europe, Euratom, and earlier Framework Programmes.", "funding": [ { "funder": { "id": "00k4n6c32" } } ], "organizations": [ { "id": "00k4n6c32" } ], "page": "The EU Open Research Repository is a Zenodo-community dedicated to fostering open science and enhancing the visibility and accessibility of research outputs funded by the European Union. The community is managed by CERN on behalf of the European Commission.
\nThe mission of the repository is to support the implementation of the EU's open science policy, providing a trusted and comprehensive space for researchers to share their research outputs such as data, software, reports, presentations, posters and more. The EU Open Research Repository simplifies the process of complying with open science requirements, ensuring that research outputs from Horizon Europe, Euratom, and earlier Framework Programmes are freely accessible, thereby accelerating scientific discovery and innovation.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository serves as a complementary platform to the Open Research Europe (ORE) publishing platform. Open Research Europe focuses on providing a publishing venue for peer-reviewed articles, ensuring that research meets rigorous academic standards. The EU Open Research Repository provides a space for all the other research outputs including data sets, software, posters, and presentations that are out of scope for ORE. This holistic approach enables researchers to not only publish their findings but also share the underlying data and materials that support their work, fostering transparency and reproducibility in the scientific process.
\nThe EU Open Research Repository is funded by the European Union under grant agreement no. 101256740 (HORIZON-ZEN Plus). For more information about the project see https://about.zenodo.org/projects/horizon-zen/.
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