Battery Management System

The growing demand for electric vehicles has made battery safety, reliability, and performance monitoring a critical area of research. This paper presents the design and development of EV-BMS-X1, an intelligent battery management system that integrates embedded protection mechanisms with IoT-based real-time monitoring. The system is built using an ESP32 microcontroller and incorporates multiple sensors to continuously track key battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and environmental conditions. Unlike conventional systems, the proposed solution introduces an adaptive web-based interface that allows users to monitor data and modify system parameters wirelessly without firmware reprogramming. To ensure measurement stability in noisy environments, filtering and smoothing techniques are applied to sensor data. Additionally, the system estimates battery usage through cycle counting and energy throughput analysis, providing insights into battery health. Experimental validation demonstrates that the system responds effectively to abnormal conditions such as over-voltage, over-current, and thermal hazards. The proposed design offers a practical, scalable, and user-friendly solution for next-generation electric vehicle battery management systems.