Published November 12, 2025
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The ongoing spread of the Asian date mussel (Arcuatula senhousia) within the French Atlantic coast: colonisation dynamics and associated drivers in a historically invaded ecosystem (Arcachon Bay)
Authors/Creators
- 1. Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
- 2. PatriNat, Paris, France
- 3. Ifremer, Arcachon, France
Description
Arcuatula senhousia is a non-indigenous species first observed in Arcachon Bay in 2002. At that time, the species' distribution was restricted to the northern part of this coastal lagoon. During the following 7–8 years, the species also started to colonise its south-eastern parts. Then, two surveys conducted in 2018 and 2021 showed that the species was observed over most of the investigated tidal flats within the lagoon. Between those two periods, there was a threefold increase in both frequencies of occurrence and average densities. The highest average densities and frequencies were observed in areas colonised in 2002. It suggests that this area is either the main area of introduction/settlement for the species or the area where it could find the most suitable ecological conditions. However, the use of Species Distribution Modelling showed that, considering habitat features, most of the intertidal flats in Arcachon Bay were a highly suitable habitat for A. senhousia. Further colonisation of the lagoon during the coming years appears very likely.
The study of its habitat in this area suggested that the presence of meadows favoured the settlement of A. senhousia individuals. Furthermore, lower bottom current velocity and the erosion potential it induces seemed to be the principal environmental factors driving the distribution pattern of this species within the bay. However, other factors that could regulate the spread of A. senhousia must be considered. Understanding the dynamics of A. senhousia colonisation and identifying its drivers aimed to characterise possible areas to be colonised by this species. This is a crucial point in determining how to manage its distribution and assess the risk of spreading within other ecosystems.
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