SOILS AND AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE BUKHARA REGION, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

The article examines the soil-climatic and agromeliorative characteristics of the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, located in the subtropical desert zone of Central Asia. Based on long-term meteorological observations, the temperature regime, precipitation amount, moisture evaporation, wind processes, and their influence on agricultural crop development are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of irrigated meadow, meadow-bog, meadow-takyr, and grey-brown soils, including their mechanical composition, salinity level, and nutrient availability. It is shown that high evaporation rates, low air humidity, and shallow groundwater levels contribute to the development of salinization processes. The necessity of efficient operation of the collector-drainage network and rational water use for maintaining soil fertility in the region is substantiated.