{ "access": { "embargo": { "active": false, "reason": null }, "files": "public", "record": "public", "status": "open" }, "created": "2026-02-19T14:24:10.146511+00:00", "custom_fields": {}, "deletion_status": { "is_deleted": false, "status": "P" }, "files": { "count": 1, "enabled": true, "entries": { "JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf": { "access": { "hidden": false }, "checksum": "md5:e7d3d128ca5e578c2b66b08d4cc76311", "ext": "pdf", "id": "d6cfa4a0-cd31-46e4-bf41-bc08270c533e", "key": "JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf", "links": { "content": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/files/JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf/content", "iiif_api": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669:JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf/full/full/0/default.png", "iiif_base": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669:JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf", "iiif_canvas": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669/canvas/JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf", "iiif_info": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669:JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf/info.json", "self": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/files/JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf" }, "metadata": { "height": 842, "width": 595 }, "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 9281077, "storage_class": "L" } }, "order": [], "total_bytes": 9281077 }, "id": "18265669", "is_draft": false, "is_published": true, "links": { "access": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/access", "access_grants": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/access/grants", "access_links": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/access/links", "access_request": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/access/request", "access_users": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/access/users", "archive": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/files-archive", "archive_media": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/media-files-archive", "communities": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/communities", "communities-suggestions": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/communities-suggestions", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18265669", "draft": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/draft", "file_modification": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/file-modification", "files": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/files", "latest": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/versions/latest", "latest_html": "https://zenodo.org/records/18265669/latest", "media_files": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/media-files", "parent": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265668", "parent_doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18265668", "parent_doi_html": "https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.18265668", "parent_html": "https://zenodo.org/records/18265668", "preview_html": "https://zenodo.org/records/18265669?preview=1", "quota_increase": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/quota-increase", "request_deletion": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/request-deletion", "requests": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/requests", "reserve_doi": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/draft/pids/doi", "self": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669", "self_doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18265669", "self_doi_html": "https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.18265669", "self_html": "https://zenodo.org/records/18265669", "self_iiif_manifest": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669/manifest", "self_iiif_sequence": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669/sequence/default", "thumbnails": { "10": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669:JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf/full/%5E10,/0/default.jpg", "100": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669:JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf/full/%5E100,/0/default.jpg", "1200": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669:JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf/full/%5E1200,/0/default.jpg", "250": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669:JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf/full/%5E250,/0/default.jpg", "50": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669:JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf/full/%5E50,/0/default.jpg", "750": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:18265669:JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf/full/%5E750,/0/default.jpg" }, "versions": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/versions" }, "media_files": { "count": 1, "enabled": true, "entries": { "JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf.ptif": { "access": { "hidden": true }, "ext": "ptif", "id": "1b4c827d-81aa-46b6-9935-d69e93a24cf0", "key": "JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf.ptif", "links": { "content": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/files/JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf.ptif/content", "self": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/18265669/files/JLR_LBM_RPTU_LRF.pdf.ptif" }, "metadata": null, "mimetype": "application/octet-stream", "processor": { "source_file_id": "d6cfa4a0-cd31-46e4-bf41-bc08270c533e", "status": "finished", "type": "image-tiles" }, "size": 0, "storage_class": "L" } }, "order": [], "total_bytes": 0 }, "metadata": { "creators": [ { "affiliations": [ { "name": "RPTU University Kaiserslautern-Landau" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Melchior", "given_name": "Tobias", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "0009-0003-6975-2518", "scheme": "orcid" } ], "name": "Melchior, Tobias", "type": "personal" } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "RPTU University Kaiserslautern-Landau" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Weibel", "given_name": "Christian", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "0009-0007-2014-7527", "scheme": "orcid" } ], "name": "Weibel, Christian", "type": "personal" } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "RPTU University Kaiserslautern-Landau" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Reviol", "given_name": "Thomas", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "0000-0003-4677-1057", "scheme": "orcid" } ], "name": "Reviol, Thomas", "type": "personal" } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "RPTU University Kaiserslautern-Landau" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "von Harbou", "given_name": "Erik", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "0000-0001-9228-8942", "scheme": "orcid" } ], "name": "von Harbou, Erik", "type": "personal" } } ], "description": "

Jet loop reactors (JLRs) have been shown to offer outstanding mixing and heat-transfer per-
formance, but their strongly coupled internal–external circulation makes hydrodynamic design
non-trivial. Conventional finite-volume Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) remains compu-
tationally demanding, thus limiting its value for routine optimisation. This study presents the
first validated Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) simulation of a single-phase, top-nozzle JLR
driven at industrially relevant specific power inputs of 2.24–5.83 kW m−3. The flow was resolved
with a D3Q19-LES scheme and halfway bounce-back walls on a locally refined Cartesian lattice.
A physical time span of 20 seconds was simulated in less than 54 hours on a single NVIDIA
RTX 4090, thereby demonstrating the graphics processing unit (GPU) friendly scalability of the
method.
The simulation successfully reproduced the measured radial velocity profiles and internal volume
flow rates within experimental uncertainty, with the remaining deviation falling below eight per
cent. Error analysis indicates that the quadratic lattice combined with the halfway bounce-back
wall model slightly narrows the effective annular cross-section, thereby systematically accelerat-
ing the loop flow. A complementary simulation, with the grid rotated by 45°, suggests that grid
orientation may amplify or mitigate this artefact. However, the magnitude of the orientation
effect could not be conclusively quantified within the present study and is therefore identified as
a subject for further investigation.
Despite this limitation, the solver captures all key hydrodynamic features, including the forma-
tion of a fully turbulent jet core and the weak sensitivity of circulation to power input. Fur-
thermore, it shortens turnaround time by approximately two orders of magnitude in comparison
with representative Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) studies. The validated workflow
provides a robust foundation for future two-phase extensions aimed at predicting gas holdup and
interfacial mass transfer, thereby facilitating a rapid simulation path for a broader class of loop
reactors.

", "publication_date": "2026-01-16", "publisher": "Zenodo", "resource_type": { "id": "publication-preprint", "title": { "de": "Preprint", "en": "Preprint" } }, "rights": [ { "description": { "en": "The Creative Commons Attribution license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the condition that the creator is appropriately credited." }, "icon": "cc-by-icon", "id": "cc-by-4.0", "props": { "scheme": "spdx", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" }, "title": { "en": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International" } } ], "title": "Validation of Single-Phase Fluid Dynamics in a Lattice Boltzmann Simulated JLR" }, "parent": { "access": { "owned_by": { "user": "1517351" }, "settings": { "accept_conditions_text": null, "allow_guest_requests": false, "allow_user_requests": false, "secret_link_expiration": 0 } }, "communities": { "default": "b9602fe3-6fc8-4490-a478-337c9645e791", "entries": [ { "access": { "member_policy": "open", "members_visibility": "public", "record_submission_policy": "open", "review_policy": "open", "visibility": "public" }, "children": { "allow": false }, "created": "2023-03-27T13:18:51.866590+00:00", "custom_fields": {}, "deletion_status": { "is_deleted": false, "status": "P" }, "id": "b9602fe3-6fc8-4490-a478-337c9645e791", "links": {}, "metadata": { "organizations": [ { "id": "01qrts582" } ], "title": "Laboratory of Reaction and Fluid Process Engineering", "type": { "id": "organization" }, "website": "https://mv.rptu.de/fgs/lrf/home" }, "revision_id": 1, "slug": "lrf", "updated": "2025-04-11T12:45:37.987132+00:00" } ], "ids": [ "b9602fe3-6fc8-4490-a478-337c9645e791" ] }, "id": "18265668", "pids": { "doi": { "client": "datacite", "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.18265668", "provider": "datacite" } } }, "pids": { "doi": { "client": "datacite", "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.18265669", "provider": "datacite" }, "oai": { "identifier": "oai:zenodo.org:18265669", "provider": "oai" } }, "revision_id": 4, "stats": { "all_versions": { "data_volume": 399090111.0, "downloads": 43, "unique_downloads": 35, "unique_views": 34, "views": 37 }, "this_version": { "data_volume": 399090111.0, "downloads": 43, "unique_downloads": 35, "unique_views": 34, "views": 37 } }, "status": "published", "swh": {}, "updated": "2026-02-19T14:24:10.522701+00:00", "versions": { "index": 1, "is_latest": true } }