Published December 19, 2025 | Version v1
Working paper Open

Talking About Democracy? A Comparative View of Discourses in the European Union and Armenia, Belarus, and Ukraine

  • 1. ROR icon Kyiv School of Economics
  • 2. EDMO icon University of Surrey
  • 3. Yerevan State University, Centre for European Studies
  • 4. National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, International Scientific-Educational Center
  • 5. ROR icon Yerevan State University

Description

This working paper examines how democracy is discursively constructed and strategically mobilised by symbolic elites in the European Union and three Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries: Armenia, Belarus, and Ukraine. It explores whether a shared democratic discourse exists across these contexts and how convergence or divergence reflects underlying geopolitical dynamics and patterns of norm diffusion. Methodologically, the study combines cross-country comparative discourse analysis with norm diffusion conceptual framework, focusing on how officials, politicians, and civil society actors in the EaP reproduce, adapt, or resist EU-promoted democratic norms. Drawing on a corpus of 237 texts (2014–2024), it employs actor-centred coding and intertextual analysis – paying particular attention to discursive positioning and the modality-evaluation gap – to reveal how institutional asymmetries and geopolitical pressures shape the uptake and transformation of democratic language.

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Dates

Submitted
2025-12-19