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], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Tan", "given_name": "Kwan Hong", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "0009-0003-9276-2829", "scheme": "orcid" } ], "name": "Tan, Kwan Hong", "type": "personal" }, "role": { "id": "researcher", "title": { "de": "WissenschaftlerIn", "en": "Researcher" } } } ], "description": "

Executive Summary

\n

Singapore stands at a critical juncture in its energy future. As a small island nation with limited natural resources and near-complete dependence on energy imports, Singapore faces mounting challenges in ensuring energy security, economic competitiveness, and environmental sustainability. This comprehensive policy analysis examines the feasibility of implementing nuclear energy in Singapore, presenting a novel analytical framework and evidence-based recommendations for strategic decision-making.

\n

Key Findings

\n

Our analysis reveals that nuclear energy implementation in Singapore is not only feasible but highly recommended based on compelling economic, security, and safety evidence. Using the newly developed Singapore Nuclear Energy Strategic Assessment Model (SNESAM), we find that nuclear implementation scores 0.70 out of 1.0, placing it firmly in the \"Recommended\" category for immediate policy consideration.

\n

The economic case for nuclear energy in Singapore is extraordinary. Current electricity generation costs of 29.8 cents per kWh could be reduced to as low as 3.53 cents per kWh with best-in-class nuclear technology, representing an unprecedented 88% cost reduction [1]. Over a 20-year period, this translates to cumulative savings of approximately SGD 178 billion, fundamentally transforming Singapore's economic competitiveness and industrial landscape.

\n

From a safety perspective, nuclear energy emerges as the safest form of electricity generation available. With fewer than 0.01 fatalities per terawatt-hour (TWh) of electricity generated, nuclear power is 12,000 times safer than coal, 9,950 times safer than oil, and 7,190 times safer than natural gas [2]. Modern reactor designs feature accident probabilities of less than one in 100,000 to one in 1,000,000 years, with only two major accidents in over 18,500 cumulative reactor-years of global operation.

\n

Strategic Recommendations

\n

Based on our comprehensive analysis, we recommend that Singapore proceed with nuclear energy implementation through a phased approach beginning immediately. The optimal pathway involves deploying Small Modular Reactor (SMR) technology, which addresses Singapore's unique constraints of limited land area, high population density, and stringent safety requirements.

\n

Our recommended implementation timeline spans 15 years, with commercial operation beginning in 2040. This timeline allows for comprehensive regulatory framework development, public engagement, technology selection, and construction while capitalizing on the current favorable window of technological maturity, international support, and economic conditions. 

\n

The policy framework should prioritize transparency, international cooperation, and evidence-based decision-making to build public confidence and ensure successful implementation. Singapore's strong governance capabilities, technical expertise, and international partnerships position it uniquely well to become the first city-state to successfully implement nuclear energy, potentially serving as a model for other small nations facing similar energy challenges.

\n

Novel Analytical Contribution

\n

This analysis introduces the Singapore Nuclear Energy Strategic Assessment Model (SNESAM), the first comprehensive analytical framework specifically designed for evaluating nuclear energy implementation in small, densely populated, highly developed city-states. SNESAM integrates seven critical dimensions: Strategic Energy Security, Economic Transformation Potential, Technology-Risk Optimization, Social-Political Feasibility, Environmental-Spatial Optimization, Implementation Complexity Assessment, and Strategic Timing Optimization.

\n

Unlike traditional nuclear feasibility studies that focus primarily on technical and economic factors, SNESAM provides a holistic assessment tool that quantifies qualitative factors and enables dynamic scenario modeling. This framework represents a significant contribution to nuclear policy analysis and provides a replicable model for other small nations considering nuclear energy implementation.

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