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        "description": "<p>Isolates of <em>Fasciola </em>(Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) from different host species and geographical locations in Mainland China were characterised genetically. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified from individual trematodes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the representative amplicons were cloned and sequenced. The length of the ITS-2 sequences was 361-362bp for all Chinese <em>Fasciola</em> specimens sequenced. While there was no variation in length or composition of the ITS-2 sequences among multiple specimens from France, Sichuan and Guangxi, sequence difference of 1.7% (6/362) was detected between specimens from France and Sichuan, and those from Guangxi. Based on ITS-2 sequence data, it was concluded that the <em>Fasciola</em> from Sichuan represented <em>Fasciola hepatica</em>, the one from Guangxi represented <em>Fasciola gigantica</em> and the one from sheep from Heilongjiang may represent an \"intermediate genotype\", as its ITS-2 sequences were unique in that two different ITS-2 sequences exist in the rDNA array within a single<em> Fasciola</em> worm. One of the sequences is identical to that of <em>F. hepatica</em>, and the other is almost identical to that of <em>F. gigantica</em> in that nucleotides at five of the six polymorphic positions represent <em>F. gigantica</em>. This microheterogeneity is possibly due to sequence polymorphism among copies of the ITS-2 array within the same worm. Based on the sequence differences, a PCR-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was established for the unequivocal delineation of the <em>Fasciola</em> spp. from Mainland China using restriction endonuclease <em>Hsp92II</em> or RcaI. This assay should provide a valuable tool for the molecular identification and for studying the ecology and population genetic structures of <em>Fasciola</em> spp. from Mainland China and elsewhere.</p>",
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