Satellite-based Real-Time Positioning with 5G-aided Location Management Function

The paper presents an experimental testbed architecture that combines Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and 5G cellular systems. This testbed was set up in the city of Gaia, Portugal, to address the challenge of developing a system that can provide real-time precise positioning for mobile users in urban canyons and other challenging conditions.The architecture uses positioning methods like Single Point Positioning (SPP), Precise Point Positioning (PPP), and Double Difference GNSS to overcome issues such as ionospheric delay, clock biases, and multipath commonly faced by traditional GNSS systems. A key component of the testbed is a 5G-based Location Management Function (LMF) that enhances GNSS data in real-time to minimize Time-to-First-Fix (TTFF) position estimation and improve geolocation accuracy in environments where GNSS signals may be weakened or obstructed. This system dynamically adjusts satellite and atmospheric data sent via 5G to the mobile platform (e.g., a vehicle or other UE) for more accurate geolocation.The combination of GNSS and 5G in this hybrid environment demonstrates novel potential in positioning technology. The study shows that 5G-assisted GNSS can significantly reduce error vectors, marking a breakthrough in real-time positioning solutions. The next phase involves testing the system in a moving scenario to confirm its effectiveness in vehicular and smart city applications. This research contributes to the literature by highlighting the potential of combining GNSS and 5G technologies to overcome the limitations of standalone GNSS systems, reinforcing the way for future positioning systems.