Active galactic nuclei (AGN) can launch and sustain powerful winds featuring mildly relativistic velocity and wide opening angle. Such winds, known as ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), can develop a bubble structure characterized by a forward shock expanding in the host galaxy and a wind termination shock separating the fast, cool wind from the hot shocked wind. In this work, we explore whether diffusive shock acceleration can take place efficiently at the wind termination shock of UFOs. We calculate the spectrum of accelerated particles and find that protons can be energized up to the EeV range promoting UFOs to promising candidates for accelerating ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We also compute the associated gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes and compare them with available data in the literature. We observe that high-energy (HE) neutrinos are efficiently produced up to hundreds of PeV while the associated gamma rays could be efficiently absorbed beyond a few tens of GeV by the optical-ultraviolet AGN photon field. By assuming a typical source density of non-jetted AGN, we expect that UFOs could play a dominant role as diffuse sources of UHECRs and HE neutrinos. We finally apply our model to the recently observed NGC1068 and we find out that under specific parametric conditions an obscured UFO could provide a sizeable contribution to the observed gamma-ray flux while only contributing up to ∼10 per cent to the associated neutrino flux.
", "lang": { "id": "eng", "title": { "en": "English" } }, "type": { "id": "abstract", "title": { "de": "Abstract", "en": "Abstract" } } } ], "creators": [ { "affiliations": [ { "id": "035b05819", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "035b05819", "scheme": "ror" }, { "identifier": "grid.5254.6", "scheme": "grid" }, { "identifier": "0000 0001 0674 042X", "scheme": "isni" } ], "name": "University of Copenhagen" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Peretti", "given_name": "Enrico", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "0000-0003-0543-0467", "scheme": "orcid" } ], "name": "Peretti, Enrico", "type": "personal" } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "INAF \u2013 Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Lamastra", "given_name": "Alessandra", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "0000-0003-2403-913X", "scheme": "orcid" } ], "name": "Lamastra, Alessandra", "type": "personal" } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "INAF \u2013 Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy" }, { "name": "ASI \u2013 Space Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma, Italy" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Saturni", "given_name": "Francesco Gabriele", "name": "Saturni, Francesco Gabriele", "type": "personal" } }, { "affiliations": [ { "id": "035b05819", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "035b05819", "scheme": "ror" }, { "identifier": "grid.5254.6", "scheme": "grid" }, { "identifier": "0000 0001 0674 042X", "scheme": "isni" } ], "name": "University of Copenhagen" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Ahlers", "given_name": "Markus", "name": "Ahlers, Markus", "type": "personal" } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "Gran Sasso Science Institute, Via F. Crispi 7, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy" }, { "name": "INFN/Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Via G. Acitelli 22, I-67100, Assergi (AQ), Italy" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Blasi", "given_name": "Pasquale", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "0000-0003-2480-599X", "scheme": "orcid" } ], "name": "Blasi, Pasquale", "type": "personal" } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, L.go E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Morlino", "given_name": "Giovanni", "identifiers": [ { "identifier": "0000-0002-5014-4817", "scheme": "orcid" } ], "name": "Morlino, Giovanni", "type": "personal" } }, { "affiliations": [ { "name": "Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, LUTH, 5 Place J. Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France" } ], "person_or_org": { "family_name": "Cristofari", "given_name": "Pierre", "name": "Cristofari, Pierre", "type": "personal" } } ], "description": "| This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. | \n
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\nHorizon 2020\nThis project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement No 847523. \n | \n
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", "description": "Open repository for EU-funded research outputs from Horizon Europe, Euratom, and earlier Framework Programmes.", "funding": [ { "funder": { "id": "00k4n6c32" } } ], "organizations": [ { "id": "00k4n6c32" } ], "page": "The EU Open Research Repository is a Zenodo-community dedicated to fostering open science and enhancing the visibility and accessibility of research outputs funded by the European Union. The community is managed by CERN on behalf of the European Commission.
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