ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY SYSTEMS BASED ON ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY HEAT SOURCES

This article investigates the efficiency of modern energy systems that utilize environmentally friendly heat sources such as solar thermal, geothermal, biomass, and industrial waste heat recovery. The study emphasizes the need for integrated evaluation methods that combine thermodynamic, environmental, and economic indicators to achieve a holistic assessment of system performance. By analyzing energy and exergy efficiency, life-cycle carbon emissions, and the sustainability index, the research highlights how renewable heat sources can significantly reduce environmental impacts while maintaining or even improving energy output. The paper also reviews recent innovations in heat recovery technologies and optimization approaches that enhance the overall performance of sustainable energy systems.

Keywords: Energy efficiency; environmentally friendly heat sources; renewable energy; exergy analysis; sustainability index; waste heat recovery; geothermal and solar systems.