The (Mis)Use of Political Rulership in Diana McCaulay's Dog-Heart and Zakes Mda's Ways of Dying

This article investigates the systemic failures and ethical breaches of political leadership in Diana McCaulay’s Dog-Heart and Zakes Mda’s Ways of Dying. The central problem it addresses is how entrenched corruption, opaque decision-making, and absentee governance inflict material and psychological harm on vulnerable communities. It poses the question: In what ways do McCaulay and Mda depict the misuse of political authority, and how do their characters resist these failures? Building on Critical Leadership Theory, the hypothesis contends that both novels illustrate bad leadership not merely as isolated moral failings, but as structural dysfunctions that require grassroots interventions to restore social equilibrium. The primary objective is to unpack the narrative strategies through which each author critiques state institutions and legitimizes alternative forms of community leadership. This study demonstrates how Sahara’s private governance in Dog-Heart exposes the hollow promises of Jamaica’s public sector, while Toloki’s mourning rituals in Ways of Dying reveal the capacity of collective memory to counteract the legacy of apartheid bureaucracy. The conclusion argues that McCaulay and Mda ultimately propose a reconfiguration of leadership rooted in ethical solidarity rather than hierarchical command. Their protagonists enact “responsive governance” from below, affirming citizens’ rights to dissent and self-organize when official structures collapse. By situating literary critique within critical leadership studies, the article bridges postcolonial narrative analysis and governance scholarship, offering a model for how fiction can illuminate both the perils of misrule and paths toward participatory renewal. Therefore, the work contributes to comparative literature, postcolonial studies, and political theory by mapping the literary imagination of bad governance onto real-world debates about accountability, transparency, and the transformative potential of community-driven leadership.