This Appeal arises out of the salvage of a cargo of 2,364 bars of silver from the wreck of the SS TILAWA, a merchant vessel which was sunk in the Indian Ocean on 23 November 1942. The silver is, and was at all material times, owned by the Government of the Republic of South Africa ("RSA"). The majority of the silver was intended to be used for the production of coinage for the Union of South Africa. Argentum Exploration Ltd. ("Argentum") claims to have salved the silver in 2017. RSA has applied to strike out Agentum's claim for salvage, on the basis that RSA is immune from the jurisdiction of the United Kingdom under the State Immunity Act 1978.

Japanese knotweed grew on the Appellant's land. It encroached onto adjacent property at 10 Dinam Street in Nant-y-moel, Bridgend. In 2004, the Respondent bought the property. In 2012, a Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors report on knotweed was published, describing difficulties it can cause. The Appellant had actual notice of the presence of knotweed on its land, in relative proximity to the adjacent property, in 2014. It did not take steps to treat it until 2018. The Respondent first became aware that knotweed could pose a problem for any sale of their property in 2017. He sued the Appellant for damages in nuisance. The District Judge found that: (i) it was very probable encroachment had occurred in 2004, if not before; (ii) the Appellant had constructive knowledge of Japanese knotweed based on information available at the time in 2012/13; and (iii) the Appellant was in breach of its duty to the Respondent, thereby committing a private nuisance, from 2013 until 2018. The Respondent's claim failed before the District Judge and Circuit Judge but succeeded on appeal to the Court of Appeal. The Appellant now appeals to the Supreme Court.

This is an appeal arising from two amended arbitration awards of the same five-member Grain and Free Trade Association ("GAFTA") Appeal Board dated 1 April 2021 (awards No. 4580A and 4581A - collectively, "the Awards"), by which it awarded damages to the sellers of two cargoes, one of lentils and one of peas, for the buyers' default following delivery to Mundra, a privately owned port in Gujarat state in the north west of India. Jacobs J granted the buyers leave to appeal pursuant to section 69 of the Arbitration Act 1996 on the above question of law arising from the Awards. The appeal was dismissed by Cockerill J, and allowed by the Court of Appeal.