TABLE 1. Morphological differences between P. yanesha, P. rocio-rojasii, and P. pampabella.
Characters Polylepis yanesha Polylepis rocio-rojasii Polylepis pampabella
Rhytidomes Short, thin, papyraceous, dark brown to reddish brown Long, thick, dark brown to reddish brown Long, thin, orange to dark brown
Leaves Obovate Simple triangular Orbicular, obovate
Petioles 0.7–1.0 cm long, lanuginose with sparse filiform glandular trichomes of golden-yellowish resin and a 2 mm long tuft of hairs at the insertion of the petiole to the twig 0.7–1.2 cm long, lanuginose, without glandular trichomes, with a tuft of hairs 2.4–2.7 m long at the insertion of the petiole to the twig 0.5–1.5 cm long, sericeous with glandular reddish-yellow resin trichomes, with a tuft of hairs 2.0–3.0 mm long, at the insertion of the petiole to the twig
Stipular sheath 3.0 × 0.8 cm with 2 persistent spurs, covered by sericeous indumentum 2.5–3.0 mm long on the external surface 2.2–2.3 × 0.4–0.5 cm with 2 deciduous spurs, covered by sericeous indumentum 3.0–4.0 mm long on both sides 1.5–1.8 cm long with 2 spurs, covered by sericeous indumentum on the external surface
Leaflets Imparipinnate with 1 pair, oblong-elliptic, adaxial surface sparsely lanuginose dark green, secondary venation inconspicuous, abaxial surface densely lanuginose with glandular filiform hairs of golden-yellowish resin, tridentate emarginate apex. Central, 2.9–4.0 × 0.6–0.8 cm, base obtuse, symmetrical. Lateral, 2.4–3.4 × 0.6–0.8 cm sessile, bases asymmetrical Imparipinnate with 1 pair, oblong-elliptic to obovate-elliptic, adaxial surface sparsely lanuginose dark green, secondary venation strongly printed conspicuous, abaxial surface densely lanuginose without glandular trichomes, apex emarginate. Central 3.5–4.5 × 0.8– 1.3 cm, base obtuse, symmetrical. Lateral, 3.0–4.5 × 0.8–1.0 cm, sessile, bases asymmetrical Imparipinnate with 1–2 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, adaxial surface glabrescent, light olive green, with inconspicuous secondary venation, abaxial surface densely sericeous without glandular trichomes, apex emarginate. Central 2.8–4.9 × 0.4–1.0 cm, base attenuated, symmetrical. Lateral, 2.3–4.5 × 0.4–0.9 cm, sessile, asymmetric bases strongly auriculate
Inflorescence 4.0–8.0 cm long, lanuginose, semi-pendulous, rigid, with 5–8 flowers 6.0–7.0 cm long, lanuginose, rigid pendulous, with 6–12 flowers 8.0–14.0 cm long, sericeous, pendulous, with 6–13 flowers
Floral bract 5–8, concave-cymbiform, 8.2–8.3 × 1.2–1.3 mm, densely lanuginose on the outer surface 6–12, ovate-elliptic, acuminate, 7.0–9.0 × 2.2–2.7 mm, densely sericeous on the outer surface 6–13, narrowly triangular, 0.8–1.7 × 0.2–0.3 cm slightly sericeous to glabrescent on the outer surface
Sepals 3–4, mostly 4, concave cymbiform, densely lanuginose on the outer surface 3–4, ovoid triangle, erect, concave, densely lanuginose on the outer surface 3-4, rarely 5 ovate, green, densely sericeous on the outer surface
Androecium 18–19 stamens 6–18 stamens 17–24 stamens
Gynoecium Style 1.8–2.0 mm in length Style 1.7–1.8 mm in length Style 1.5–2.8 mm in length
Fruits Rounded-ovoid 3.0–3.2 × 3.3–3.5 mm to cylindrical 4.0–4.2 × 1.7–1.8 mm, densely lanuginose, with 7–8 short spines, with blunt apex Rounded-ovoid, 3–3.5 × 2.8–3.2 mm, densely lanuginose, with 1–7 short spines with blunt apex. Turbinate, 2.5–6.5 × 4.5–10.0 mm, densely sericeous with 10–15 long pointed spines
Divergence of lateral leaflets (°) in mature leaves 30–45° 75–90° 65–85°