Data underlying the publication: Water Use in Spanish Agriculture (2001–2019): Trends and Impacts of Irrigation Intensification

We provide four datasets supporting the simulation of crop water footprints (WFs) with the process-based gridded crop model ACEA, available through https://zenodo.org/records/10510934. AquaCrop-Earth@lternatives (ACEA) is a global gridded crop model that can estimate crop yield and evapotranspiration (ET) distinguishing three water types: green water, blue water from capillary rise, and blue water from irrigation. ACEA is based on AquaCrop-OSPy (Kelly and Foster, 2021) which simulates daily crop growth and the vertical soil water balance using crop, soil, climate, field and irrigation management data (Mialyk et al., 2022). The datasets include: (i) crop calendars (CSV; provincial; 2014–2016 averages) reporting seeding/flowering and harvest dates for major crops and varieties; (ii) crop harvest area and yields (CSV; provincial; 2001–2022) containing rainfed/irrigated surfaces (ha), yields (kg/ha), and production (tons); (iii) greenhouse crop area and yields (CSV; provincial; 2001–2022) with surface (ha) and yield (kg/ha); and (iv) irrigated area by technology (CSV; national; 2004–2022) specifying surfaces (ha) under drip, sprinkler/aspersion, and furrow systems, as well as their relative shares.