Digitisation and Geographical Technologies for Sustainability: A Comparative Analysis of "Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures" Advancements in Mexico and Italy

This paper explores the transformative potential of digitisation and geographical technologies in advancing Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (OECM) in Mexico and Italy. OECMs, distinct from traditional protected areas, offer flexible governance frameworks to achieve biodiversity conservation alongside socio-economic goals. Through comparative analysis, Mexico’s and Italy’s approaches are reported, highlighting their progress toward the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework’s 30x30 target. Case studies from both countries illustrate how Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, and citizen science enhance data collection, spatial planning, and adaptive management to support conservation strategies, mitigate climate impacts, and foster participatory governance. The findings reveal that while formal OECM recognition may be pending in both countries, their technological implementation and community engagement groundwork provide a strong foundation for the future strengthening of conservation activities, addressing global sustainability challenges.