Author(s);Year;Title;Link;Settings;Country;Region;Method;Overall Research Design;Specific Research Design;Data collection instrument(s);Research Quality;Aim;Main outcome catagory;Outcomes: Person centered healthcare;Outcomes: Shared decision-making;Outcomes:  Self-care support;Outcomes:  Patient participation;Outcomes:  Safe;Outcomes: Timely;Outcomes:  Equitable;Outcomes:  Efficient (resources);Outcomes:  Effective (collaboration etc);Outcomes:  Health;Findings summary;Design features: Ambient (light, air, temperature, sound, scent);Design features: Architectural (layout, openings, views);Design features: Interrior (furniture, finishing);Design features: Social (privacy, territoriality, etc);Design features: Nature (plants, trees, green, blue etc).;Patients (y/n);Patients (n);Personell (y/n);Personell (n);Visitors (y/n);Visitors (n)
Aburas;2017;The Influence of Nature Stimulus in Enhancing the Birth Experience;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006736334&doi=10.1177%2f1937586716665581&partnerID=40&md5=a15856fcce49ea5d80fcf0886058c903;Maternal;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Questionnaires and measurements;51%;The study compared women’s experiences (clinical and behavioural impacts) of labor while in the presence of nature images with those who were not exposed to nature images. ;Clinical outcomes;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;yes;The findings support the study hypothesis which states that the nature images would influence the labor experience positively. In addition, the findings emphasize the importance of incorporating nonpharmacological techniques in the labor and delivery room (LDR) units to sooth the pain. Adding nature imagery to the LDR environment can be one of these techniques.;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;50(60);no;-;no;-
Adams;2010;Kids in the atrium: Comparing architectural intentions and children's experiences in a pediatric hospital lobby;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-75849159158&doi=10.1016%2fj.socscimed.2009.10.049&partnerID=40&md5=c6136484f2e6247bb3cf46950f79cdb7;Pediatric;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;PAR ;Participatory Action Research and photographic data;52%;The study's overall goal is to compare the architects intensions to childrens experiences of the atrium;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The large scale of the atrium was not frightening or intimidating to the children. The architecture features shuch as elevators, stairs centrally placed acted as orientation signs. They found it easy to navigate with the assistance of wall maps, signs, landmarks, artwork, different coulours, parents and ‘‘friendly people.’’The children expresseed that they find the big atrium as a symbol of connectivity to the reality (many visitors could be in the atrium). They also exprtessed that it was a genorosity sign that the building was big - many children could be treated. Some of them expressed that theuy feel that they could not hide from be looked at.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;80;no;-;no;-
Agrest;2018;Day hospital treatment for people with severe mental illness according to users' perspectives: what helps and what hinders recovery?;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09638237.2016.1276526?needAccess=true;Psychiatric;Argentina (south America);South America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Participatory Action Research;Interviews and focus groups;76%;Explore users’ perception about what are the elements of day hospital treatment and physical facility that support vs hinder the recovery process;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Categories indicating recovery were: starting to do things, being able to see themselves from a new perspective, mood improvement and changes in interpersonal relationships. Aspects facilitating recovery were: activities organized by the facility, the group approach, the care provided by facility orkers and the physical environment. Hindering aspects were: heterogeneity of users in terms of age, severity, diagnosis and being underestimated by staff;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes (N = 24);no;-;no;-
Ahamed et al.;2018;Noise Reduction in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Quality Improvement Initiative;doi/pdf/10.1177/1062860617711563;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Observations;68%;To lower the mean ambient noise level within a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) by 10% from the baseline in one year.aim of this quality improvement.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"The mean noise level decreased from 62.4 dB to 56.1 dB, and peak noise level decreased from 115 dB to 76 dB within 12 months. Day shift noise level decreased by 7.7 dB; night shift noise level decreased by 4.9 dB from baseline. Targeted education, behavioral, and environmental modifications decreased the noise level in the NICU as per the study aim.";yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;no;-;no;-
Al-Motlaq;2018;Traditional open bay neonatal intensive care units can be redesigned to better suit family centered care application;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1355184117301527;PICU/NICU;Jordan (Middle East);Middle East;Mixed methods;Observational ;Cross-sectional;Observations, interviews;76%;To investigated several Jordanian NICUs suitability for implementing Family CenteredCare in light of its physical design;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The main outcome measuresincluded in the interviews were unit design and regulations/policies. Descriptive statistics wereemployed taking into consideration comments of participants and observations by the researcher. Thisstudy asserted the role of the design in hindering the application of FCC in NICUs. More than two thirdsof participants indicated unsuitability of their NICUs for FCC. However, with nurses' willingness to playtheir part in any proposed reformation, these units can become better equipped to apply FCC principles;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;34;no;-
Alexiou;2016;The impact of facility relocation on patients' perceptions of ward atmosphere and quality of received forensic psychiatric care;https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1752928X16300257/1-s2.0-S1752928X16300257-main.pdf?_tid=d3271b68-29a3-4b0c-aa3f-12121b96e398&acdnat=1537799728_87cfcb2362a9e8f7c6ffed35feba1e41;Psychiatric;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaires;53%;investigating the impact of the facility relocation of 3 forensic psychiatric hospitals on patients' perceptions of ward atmosphere and quality of received forensic psychiatric care.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The results of this study showed that poor physical environment features can have a severe impact on care quality and can reduce the possibilities for person-centered care. Furthermore, the study provides evidence that the patients' perceptions of person-centered care in forensic psychiatric clinics are highly susceptible to factors in the physical and psychosocial environment.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;58, 25, 11 (74);no;-;no;-
Alexiou et al.  ;2018;Sustainability of a person-centered ward atmosphere and possibility to provide person-centered forensic psychiatric care after facility relocation;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29677575/;Psychiatric;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Prospective longitudinal study;Questionnaire;82%;To assess the sustainability of staff perceptions of ward atmosphere and their ability to provide person-centered forensic psychiatric care after relocation to hospitals designed to enhance supportive work conditions.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The main findings of this study display an improvement in the staff assessment of a person-centered atmosphere from baseline to follow-up 3 in the domains of safety, everydayness and community where safety was evaluated the highest. No sustainable significant changes were found concerning staff's assessment of the support for them to provide person-centered care.;no;no;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;239 (follow-up 119, 106;no;-
Alfa & Öztürk;2019;Perceived indoor environmental quality of hospital wards and patients’ outcomes: A study of a general hospital, Minna, Nigeria;http://www.aloki.hu/pdf/1704_82358259.pdf;General;Turkey;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire, observations;72%;To assess patients’ perceptions of the indoor environment of wards in a hospital in terms of architectural design, thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), lighting and acoustical parameters.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;The research identified the six IEQ-inddor environmental factors factors that influenced PIEQ as architectural design features, thermal comfort, adaptive opportunities, lighting, IAQ and acoustics aspects. PIEQ had a positive influence on a ward being perceived as conducive for wellbeing. It was observed that health satisfaction had the most significant and positive influence on PIIEQ. The second most positive influence was health recovery. Therapeutic ambience also had a positive influence on PI-IEQ but this was not significant.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;271;no;-;no;-
Ali;2018;Do portable nursing stations within bays of hospital wards reduce the rate of inpatient falls? An interrupted time-series analysis;https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy097;General;UK;UK;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records;68%;This study evaluated whether introducing portable nursing stations in ward bays to maximise nurse-patient contact time reduced inpatient falls.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The monthly falls rate decreased among hospital inpatientsafter introducing SITB.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;2875 falls, unclear how many patients in total;no;-;no;-
Alomari;2018;Pediatric Nurses' Perceptions of Medication Safety and Medication Error: A Mixed Methods Study;http://ludwig.lub.lu.se/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,uid&db=ccm&AN=129805852&site=ehost-live;Pediatric;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational ;Cross-sectional ;Observations, focus groups and an audit tool (some quantitative data);76%;To explore the perceptions of nurses in a pediatric clinical setting as to why medication administration errors occur.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Four key themes were identified from the combined quantitative and qualitative data: (1) understanding medication errors, (2) the busy-ness of nurses, (3) the physical environment, and (4) compliance with medication policy and practice guidelines. Workload, frequent interruptions to process, poor physical environment design, lack of preparation space, and impractical medication policies are identified as barriers to safe medication practice.;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;unclear;no;-
Alvaro;2016;Evaluating Intention and Effect: The Impact of Healthcare Facility Design on Patient and Staff Well-Being;https://doi-org.www.bibproxy.du.se/10.1177/1937586715605779;Rehabilitation;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaires;53%;This post occupancy evaluation (POE) assessed the impact of architectural design on psychosocial well-being among patients and staff in the context of a new complex continuing care and rehabilitation facility.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;With the exception of connection to neighborhood (for patients) and opportunities to visit with others (for staff) and wayfinding (for patients and staff), impressions of the new hospital mirrored the design intentions relative to the former hospital and the comparison facility among patients and staff. Perceptions of improvement in mental health, self-efficacy in mobility, satisfaction, and interprofessional interactions were enhanced at the new hospital relative to the former hospital, whereas optimism, depressive symptoms, general well-being, burnout, and intention to quit did not vary. Interestingly, patients and staff with favorable impressions of the building design fared better on most well-being-related outcomes relative to those with less favorable impressions.;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;158+175;yes;267+379;no;-
Amankwah et al.;2019;Modelling the Mediating Effect of Health Care Healing Environment on Core Health Care Delivery and Patient Satisfaction in Ghana;https://journals-sagepub-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/doi/pdf/10.1177/1178630219852115;General;Ghana;Africa;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;82%;To investigate the mediating effect of health care healing environment between health care core business and patients’ satisfaction;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The findings of the study show that the quality of health care healing environment mediates the relationship between patients’ satisfaction and all of the constructs under the core health care delivery.;no;no;no;yes;no;yes;622;no;-;no;-
Anaker;2017;A comparative study of patients' activities and interactions in a stroke unit before and after reconstruction-The significance of the built environment;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28727727;Medical;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Behavioural mapping (quanitative observations) and field observations and documents from the hospital;54%;Explore patients’ activities and interactions in a stroke unit before and after rennovation. Is there a difference in the activity level and interaction depending on the room desing;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The findings indicated that in the new unit, the patients spent more time in their rooms, were less active, and had fewer interactions with staff and family than the patients in the original unit. The reconstruction involved a change from a primarily multi-bed room design to single-room accommodations. In the new unit, the patients' lounge was located in a far corner of the unit with a smaller entrance than the patients' lounge in the old unit, which was located at the end of a corridor with a noticeable entrance. Changes in the design of the stroke unit may have influenced the patients' activities and interactions;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;22 pre, 21 temporary, 16 post;no;-;no;-
Anaker;2018;The physical environment and patients' activities and care: A comparative case study at three newly built stroke units;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29676493;Medical;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Behavioral mapping and field notes;76%;To explore and compare the impact of the physical environment on patients' activities and care at three newly built stroke units.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Patients’ activity levels and interactions appeared to vary with the design of the physical environments of stroke units.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;55;no;-;no;-
Anåker;2018;“It’s Lonely”: Patients’ Experiences of the Physical Environment at a Newly Built Stroke Unit;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718806696;Medical;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Semi-structured interviews;71%;The aim of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of the physical environment at a newly built stroke unit.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The aim of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of the physical environment at a newly built stroke unit.Two main themes were identified: (i) incongruence exists between community and privacy and (ii) connectedness with the outside world provides distraction and a sense of normality. In single rooms, social support was absent and a sense of loneliness was expressed. Patients were positively distracted when they looked at nature or activities that went on outside their windows.;no;no;no;yes;yes;yes;16;no;-;no;-
Andrade;2017;Do the hospital rooms make a difference for patients' stress? A multilevel analysis of the role of perceived control, positive distraction, and social support;http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?customersID=ResearchSoft&mode=FullRecord&IsProductCode=Yes&product=WOS&Init=Yes&Func=Frame&DestFail=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com&action=retrieve&SrcApp=EndNote&SrcAuth=ResearchSoft&SID=F2fbzgYrJLEUk7Y5RsU&UT=WOS%3A000415775800007;Surgery;USA and Portugal;Comparison;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire and observation (count data) of hospital rooms;57%;To test Ulrich's theory of supportive design;Safe care;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The greater the number of favorable design features, the less the patients' stress, that positive perceptions about the room qualities in terms of how much social support and distraction they provide explain this effect, and that the relative importance of these dimensions may differ between cultures.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;187;no;-;no;-
Annemans;2016;Being Wheeled or Walking: A Qualitative Study of Patients' Spatial Experience in Two Distinct Day Surgery Centers;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791374;Surgery;Belgium (Europe);Europe;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Semistructured interviews;81%;In this article, they explore what a different way of moving—being wheeled versus walk-ing—means for the spatial experience of day surgery patients;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Based on an analysis of the different journeys, they conclude that patients’ interpretation of a hospital’s care vision is influenced not only by what the hospital communicates explicitly or how it educates its staff but also by what is implicitly told by the built environment.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;37;no;-;no;-
Annemans;2018;The Role of Space in Patients’ Experience of an Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study;http://ludwig.lub.lu.se/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,uid&db=ccm&AN=128451758&site=ehost-live;ED;Belgium (Europe);Europe;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Interviews;71%;The aims to gain insight into this role and thus provide ED nurses with information to better represent ED patients’ perspectives in design.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;theyfound that the role of space in ED patients’ experiences is affected by their altered sensory awareness and shaped by material, social, and time-related aspects. These aspects are intertwined and influenced by the transient character of the emergency department.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;22 (24);no;-;no;-
Annemans et al.;2018;Inpatients’ Spatial Experience: Interactions Between Material, Social, and Time-Related Aspects;https://journals-sagepub-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/doi/pdf/10.1177/1206331217750828;General;Belgium (Europe);Europe;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Interviews;86%;To identify which elements play a role in inpatients’ spatial experience, and how these elements relate and interact.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;An analysis of the interactions between these aspects (se intervention) yields a nuanced understanding of how inpatients’ experience of the hospital environment is shaped by the spatial and social organization, movement, and perspective. Most closely related to physical space are elements of the material environment, ranging from the building as a whole to individual objects. Most participants considered the interaction with others, the hospital’s social environment, as most important. The experience of time turns out to change due to the context’s specificity and vice versa.;no;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;4;no;-;no;-
Apple;2014;A comparative evaluation of Swedish intensive care patient rooms;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898816054&doi=10.1177%2f193758671400700306&partnerID=40&md5=03a5663a906863e485febb52b0568ab5;ICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire, interviews and observations;67%;Investigating the design of the built environment of intensive care units (layouts) impact patients, families, and staff well being.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;In some patient rooms, access to daylight and/or outdoor views was excellent, while in other rooms such access was hindered by frosted glass or adjacent bushes or buildings. Single-bed rooms gave family members improved privacy and greater ability to stay in the patient room. Some patient room modules provided efficient patient observation and staff collaboration, but more noise and reduced patient privacy. Other modules provided a calm patient room environment, but caused some staff to feel isolated and have difficulty in getting assistance.;yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;yes;81;no;-
Applebaum;2010;The Impact of Environmental Factors on Nursing Stress, Job Satisfaction, and Turnover Intention;"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955141847&doi=10.1097%2fNNA.0b013e3181e9393b&partnerID=40&md5=a789a1ac7a9e63b03367e5f51e931c82;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4040281/pdf/nihms575310.pdf";ED;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;59%;The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between environmental factors of odor, noise, light and color and perceived stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Significant relationships were found between noise and perceived stress, perceived stress and jobs atisfaction, job satisfaction and turnover intention, and perceived stress and turnover intention.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;116 (285);no;-
Arbel et al.;2019;Stroke Patients’ Experiences in an Adaptive Healing Room in a Stroke Rehabilitation Unit;https://journals-sagepub-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/doi/pdf/10.1177/1937586719879060;Rehabilitation;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Interviews;88%;To evaluate the user experiences (UX) of stroke patients residing in the adaptive healing room (AHR) and compared them to the UX of patients residing in standard private rooms (SPRs).;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The AHR design features (orientation screen, skylight, and nature view) were rated positively by most patients. The skylight emerged as the least favorable. Responses to open-ended questions revealed that UX may be further improved if patients have more control over some of the settings (e.g., light intensity and nature views), and if the system allowed for more stimulation for patients at later stages of their recovery. Additionally, the results suggest that patients in the AHR have better UX than patients in the SPRs.;yes;no;no;no;yes;yes;35;no;-;no;-
Arenson;2013;Effect of intensive care unit environment on in-hospital delirium after cardiac surgery;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.12.042;ICU;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records;78%;To determine the impact of postoperative ICU design on in-hospital delirium rates and explore other risk factors for in-hospital delirium;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The intensive care unit environment did not have a significant effect on the overall prevalence of delirium;yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;1010 (1102 before exclusion criteria);no;-;no;-
Ariza-Vega et al.;2019;Older adults' activity on a geriatric hospital unit: A behavioral mapping study;https://www.aimspress.com/article/id/3339;Geriatric;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Observations: behavioural mapping;58%;To describe the indoor environment of geriatric hospital units, and patients' and visitors' behavior;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"For both units there were similar indoor environmental features, with the exception of the floorplans, number of beds, minor differences in flooring materials, and an additional destination room (two lounges attached to one unit). Both units had items such as laundry carts against walls in hallways, blocking handrails, when present. They observed between 46–86% (average 60%) of admitted patients in the public areas of hospital units, with variability depending on unit and day: More than half of the observations were of patients sitting. Approximately 20% of patients were observed more than once: This included five women and seven men. There were significant associations for gender and observations on weekdays (men > women; Chi square = 17.01, p < 0.0001), and weekend days (women > men; Chi square = 6.11, p = 0.013). There were more visitor observations on Unit 2.";no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;179;no;-;yes;228
Bail;2013;Characteristics of rural hospital services for people with dementia: Findings from the hospital dementia services project;https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0195670113002284/1-s2.0-S0195670113002284-main.pdf?_tid=8c869c98-f514-4b26-8a66-7e69752bbbc7&acdnat=1530194814_2c25faea12bee1634329957a033d5cf7;Geriatric;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire ((i) a survey of public hospitals and (ii) qualitative site visits in a sample of eleven rural site);56%;To obtain information about aged care services in rural New South Wales public hospitals, and to describe key operational aspects of their service delivery models;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;Survey and site visit findings demonstrated that rural hospitals have fewer secure beds for managing patients with disturbed behaviour due to dementia and delirium and fewer speciality aged care staff than metropolitan hospitals. Site visit participants also described how secure environments can aid care for people with dementia even in the absence of clinical specialists.;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;Respondents from 163 hospitals (1 per hospital?);no;-
Balm;2013;Bad design, bad practices, bad bugs: frustrations in controlling an outbreak of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica in intensive care units;https://www-sciencedirect-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/science/article/pii/S0195670113002284#!;ICU;Asia;Asia;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Environmental screening Observation (Analysis of laboratory data, case reviews, ICU workflows and extensive environmental sampling were undertaken);55%;An outbreak investigation commenced when five patients developed E. meningoseptica infection in two intensive care units (ICUs).;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Increased incidence of E. meningoseptica colonization or infection in ICU patients compared with preceding years. E. meningoseptica was cultured from 44% of taps, but not from other sources. Hand hygiene sinks were used for disposal of patient secretions and rinsing re-usable patient care items. Sinks misused in this way were contaminated more often than sinks that were not misused. Molecular typing revealed that patient isolates had identical patterns to several isolates from hand hygiene taps. After an urgent education programme practices changes: Taps were cleaned systematically and aerators were changed. A temporary reduction in case numbers was achieved. Recolonization of taps was demonstrated on follow-up environmental screening, and cases recurred after two months. A survey revealed that 77.3% of nursing staff still misused sinks due to time constraints or other problems adhering to the interventions.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;5;yes;25-30 from 6 ICUs;no;-
Bayramzadeh;2014;Centralized vs. Decentralized nursing stations: An evaluation of the implications of communication technologies in healthcare;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920476632&doi=10.1177%2f193758671400700406&partnerID=40&md5=74435e08f75f34d84d41d0142ec096bf;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;77%;Explore the relationship between the nursing station design and use of communication technologies in one hospital by comparing centralized and decentralized nursing stations;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;The results revealed no significant differences between centralized and decentralized nursing stations in terms of frequency of communication technologies used. However, a difference was found between perception of nurses toward communication technologies and perceptions of the use of communication technologies in decentralized nursing stations.;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;yes (N = 70);no;-
Bayramzadeh;2018;Understanding Design Vulnerabilities in the Physical Environment Relating to Patient Fall Patterns in a Psychiatric Hospital: Seven Years of Sentinel Events;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29788771;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Review of medical records, some qualitative analysis of the narratives;Medical records, narratives of why they fell;68%;The research objective is to describe the spatial and temporal pattern of falls occurrences and their location in relation to the levels of safety continuum model.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;The analysis revealed that 15% of recorded falls were attributed to some aspect of or element within the physical environment. The most typical locations of falls were patient rooms (39%), patient bathrooms (22%), and dayrooms (20%). Also, the results identified patterns of environmental factors that appeared linked to increasing patients’ susceptibility to falls. Risk factors included poor nighttime lighting, flooring surfaces that were uneven, and spaces that inadvertently limited visual access and supervision.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;Data on 818 events;no;-;no;-
Bazuin;2015;If i were a band-aid, where would i be? Researching the use and location of supplies on two patient units;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926296944&doi=10.1177%2f1937586714566409&partnerID=40&md5=66ba14b022a9d9535c62641f68d39a16;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Written survey, researcher observations, focus groups, evaluation of hospital supply reports;53%;The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the use and storage of supplies in the neonatal intensive care and women's health units of Parkland Hospital in Dallas, Texas.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;An ideal supply management system locates supplies as close as possible to the point of use, isorganized by activity, and is standardized within and across units.;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;Written survey 37. Focus groups 8-6-3. Activity observations N/A.;no;-
Beckstrand et al.;2018;Emergency Nurses’ Department Design Recommendations for Improved End-of-Life Care;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30017423/;ED;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;76%;To identify emergency nurses' recommendations regarding ways designs have negative or positive impact on care for dying patients and their families.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Major obstacles included (1) issues related to limited space, (2) poor department layout and design, and (3) lack of privacy. Despite emergency departments being a challenging place to provide EOL care, positive ED design characteristics had impact on EOL care.;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;500;no;-
Beckstrand et al.;2019;NICU Nurses' Suggestions for Improving End-of-Life Care Obstacles;https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6099&context=facpub;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross sectional;Questionnaire;76%;The objective of this study was to obtain NICU nurses’ suggestions for improving obstacles in EOL care in NICUs.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;A total of 10 cohesive themes were identified: (1) environmental design issues, 2) improved communication between healthcare teams, (3) ending futile care earlier, (4) realistic and honest physician communications to families, (5) providing a “good death,” (6) improved nurse staffing, (7) need for EOL education, (8) earlier entry into hospice/palliative care, (9) availability of ancillary staff, and (10) allowing parents more time to prepare for death. Despite the variety of obstacles encountered in providing EOL care to dying infants and their families, NICU nurses can influence environmental factors, help improve communication, and use self-assessment tools to identify current EOL care practices.;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;121;no;-
Bekhof et al.;2019;Room Sharing in Hospitalized Children With Bronchiolitis and the Occurrence of Hospital-Acquired Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31138604/;Pediatric;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Measurements;65%;To determine the prevalence and severity of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in children hospitalized for bronchiolitis when patients share a room, irrespective of the causative virus.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;HAIs among patients with bronchiolitis are common but not associated with more severe disease. Room sharing with appropriate hygiene does not play a relevant role in the transmission of viruses between patients with bronchiolitis, regardless of the viruses involved.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;218;no;-;no;-
Berry & Robertson;2019;Burnout within forensic psychiatric nursing: Its relationship with ward environment and effective clinical supervision?;https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpm.12538;Psychiatric;UK;UK;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Observations;83%;To explor burnout, the perceived effectiveness of clinical supervision and ward environment.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Approximately 10% of nursing staff could be classed as ""burnt-out"". The main predictors of burnout were age and ward environment. Clinical supervision had minimal association with burnout.";no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;137;no;-
Beukeboom;2012;Stress-reducing effects of real and artificial nature in a hospital waiting room;http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/o/cochrane/clcentral/articles/908/CN-00969908/frame.html;Laboratory;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Experimental ;Cluster randomized;Questionnaire;65%;To investigated the potential stress -reducing effects of exposure to real or artificial nature on patients in a hospital waiting room;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Patients exposed to real plants, as well as patients exposed to posters of plants, report lower levels of experienced stress compared to the control condition. Further analyses show that these small but significant effects of exposure to nature are partially mediated by the perceived attractiveness of the waiting room.;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;457 (748);no;-;no;-
Bevan et al.;2019;Sleep quality and noise: comparisons between hospital and home settings;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30018067/;Pediatric;UK;UK;Quantitative;Observational;Case-control study;Observations;80%;To measure sleep quality and noise levels in hospital and compare these with the home environment.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Children and their mothers have poor quality sleep in paediatric wards. This may affect the child's behaviour, recovery and pain tolerance. Sleep deprivation adds to parental burden and stress. Sound levels are significantly raised in hospital and may contribute to poor sleep.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;40;no;-;yes;16
Biagioli;2016;The lived experience of patients in protective isolation during their hospital stay for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2016.09.001;General;Italy;Europe;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Interviews;57%;To explore the lived experiences of protective isolation in adult patients who had been treated with allogeneic HSCT;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;A general meaning structure was identified as being isolated to achieve transformation. The revelatory themes were as follows: (1) the special place for transformation, (2) the experience of embodied transformation, and (3) light and shade from inside and outside. Participants experienced a transformation of themselves, of their relationships with loved ones, and of the environment.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;10;no;-;no;-
Biddiss;2018;Positive Distraction in Pediatric Healthcare Waiting Spaces: Sharing Play Not Germs through Inclusive, Hands-Free Interactive Media;https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2018.1518351;Pediatric;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Observations (quantitative) and questionnaire;59%;To investigate the value of shared opportunities for positive distraction in pediatric healthcare environments.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Young people engaged more with shared opportunities for distraction (n = 170/271) than personal items brought from home (n = 119/271), p = 0.02. Personal electronic devices were used by 67 young people, but did not positively impact anxiety. Interactive media and the aquarium significantly reduced anxiety (p < 0.04) while the nature video appeared to increase anxiety (p = 0.036). Age influenced activity preference and anxiety. Shared, hands-free interactive media engaged individuals of diverse age and mobility.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;271;no;-;no;-
Birnbach;2010;Patient safety begins with proper planning: A quantitative method to improve hospital design;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78249238482&doi=10.1136%2fqshc.2008.031013&partnerID=40&md5=10cd7fee966cd2293aec450069e59d2a;Surgery;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Observations/simulation in a mock-up room;67%;Testing the usefulness of mock-up methodology to inform decision about building safe hospital environments;Safe care;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;When the dispenser was in clear view of the physicians as they observed the patient, 53.8% sanitised their hands. When the dispenser was not in their field of view (as in the original architectural plan), 11.5% sanitised their hands (p=0.0011). Based on these results, the final architectural plans were adjusted accordingly.;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;yes (N = 52);no;-
Blandfort et al.;2020;Single-bed rooms in a geriatric ward prevent delirium in older patients;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30900213/;Geriatric;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Observations;77%;To investigate the risk of delirium among patients in single-bed rooms compared with multiple-bed rooms;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;They found evidence that the risk of delirium is reduced in single-bed rooms compared with multiple-bed rooms in geriatric wards;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;1014;no;-;no;-
Blaschke;2017;“Artificial but better than nothing”: The greening of an oncology clinic waiting room;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27956590/;Medical;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;54%;To investigate patient, staff, and carer responses to an environmental intervention in an oncology clinic waiting room and evaluate the acceptability of artificial plant materials.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Eighty-one percent (115/142) of respondents noticed the green features when first entering the waiting room and 67% (90/134) noticed they were artificial. Eighty-one percent (115/142) indicated “like/like a lot” when reporting their first reaction to the green features. Forty-eight percent (68/143) were positively affected and 23% (33/143) were very positively affected. Eighty-one percent (110/135) agreed/strongly agreed that “The greenery brightens the waiting room,” 62% (80/130) agreed/strongly agreed that they “prefer living plants,” and 76% (101/133) agreed/strongly agreed that “‘lifelike’ plants are better than no plants.” Comments included mostly positive appraisals and occasional adverse reactions to artificial plants. No significant differences were found between patients’, staff, and carers’ reactions.;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;73;yes;13;yes;52
Blaschke et al.;2018;Cancer Patients' Recommendations for Nature-Based Design and Engagement in Oncology Contexts: Qualitative Research;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29134826/;Medical;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Interviews;81%;To explore cancer patients' recommendations for nature engagement based on their subjective nature experiences and observations in the cancer setting.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Broad recommendations incorporated (1) using nature for vital sensory stimulation and engagement, (2) using nature for personal space and freedom to enable private and social exploration, (3) using views to nature for distraction and comfort, and (4) accessing nature for physical activity and movement. Three critical factors were determined for avoiding adverse experiences: determining appropriate expenditure and resourcing, selection of appropriate nature-based design materials, and exercising caution around demanding nature engagement and harsh weather conditions.;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;20;no;-;no;-
Blennerhassett;2018;Behavioral Mapping of Patient Activity to Explore the Built Environment During Rehabilitation;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29564923;Rehabilitation;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Observations and medical records;61%;To explore the use of a rehabilitation-focused behavioral mapping method to identify changes inpatient physical activity, location, and social interaction following the relocation of a rehabilitationward.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;(Conclusions) The rehabilitation-focused behavioral mapping method provided arich description of relevant patient behaviors, indicating that it is a feasible and useful method for exploring the impact of the built environment in rehabilitation settings.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;23 pre and 24 post;no;-;no;-
Bonuel;2013;Experiences of the transplant nurses caring for renal transplant patients in an acuity-adaptable patient room;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23470705;General;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Interviews;86%;To explore the experience of the nurse caring for a patient in the acuity-adaptable room;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The researchers found three theme clusters: the acuity-adaptable room provides comfort to both patient and family, nurse empowerment, and acuity adaptable has future potential.;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;n=10 (nurses);no;-
Boog;2013;Assessing the optimal location for alcohol-based hand rub dispensers in a patient room in an intensive care unit;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826999/pdf/1471-2334-13-510.pdf;ICU;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Interviews, observations and measurements (frequency of use);60%;Develop a method to determing the best possible location of alchol-based handrub dispensses in patients' rooms;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The workflow observations revealed that the activities of patient care were most often at the entrance and near the computer at the right side of the test room. Healthcare workers stated that the location of the dispenser should meet several requirements. Measurements of the frequency of use showed that the dispenser located near the computer, at the back of the room, was used less frequently than the dispenser located near the sink and the dispenser located at the entrance to the room;no;no;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;yes (N = 20);no;-
Borgmann;2014;Multifunctional use of an operating theatre: is floor drainage posing an increased risk of infection?;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24556888;Surgery;Germany;Europe;Quantitative;Experimental ;Two arms but not randomized;Measurments;79%;To examine whether multifunctional use of an operating theatre would increase the SSI rate after skin incision surgery.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;No statistically significant difference (p = 0.86) in SSI rates after kidney and prostate surgery was found for operations in theatres with (2.6%) and without floor drainage (2.8%).;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;1027 (272+755);no;-;no;-
Borhani;2016;Facilitators and threats to the patient dignity in hospitalized patients with heart diseases: A qualitative study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992533513&partnerID=40&md5=700347504ec90b806dd931c3fa56bc20;ICU;Iran;Middle East;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Interviews;71%;Identification of facilitator and threatening of dignity among patients with heart diseases;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Three central themes emerged: a) Care context which includes human environment and physical environment, b) Holistic safe care including meeting the needs of patients both in the hospital and after discharge, c) Creating a sense of security and an effective relationship between patient and nurse, including a respectful relationship and account the family in health team. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that care context is important for patient dignity as well as physical environment and safe holistic care.;yes;no;yes;yes;no;yes;yes (N =20);yes;yes (N = 5);no;-
Boylan et al.;2019;Are HCAHPS Scores Higher for Private vs Double-Occupancy Inpatient Rooms in Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients?;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30578151/;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;59%;To compare HCAHPS scores for private versus shared rooms for TJA patients at our institution over a 2-year period.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;For patients undergoing TJA, private hospital rooms were associated with superior performance on patient experience metrics. This association appears specific for global and hospital-related metrics, with little impact on surgeon evaluations.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;478 and 860;no;-;no;-
Bracken-Scally et al.;2019;Assessing the impact of dementia inclusive environmental adjustment in the emergency department;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31315452/;ED;Ireland;Europe;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Focus groups and interviews;62%;Examining how ED design changes improve care and outcomes for people with dementia, exploring service providers' perspectives, and informing dementia-inclusive ED design.;Clinical outcomes;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Orientation and navigation in the modified bays were improved, though technical issues with the orientation aid were noted. Additional user information on adjustable lighting is needed to maximize its benefits. The combination of calming colours, noise-reduction screens, and adequate space for family carers helped reduce sensory stimulation. The removal of unnecessary equipment and improved storage for clinical tools were positive changes. However, challenges in the design of the modified bays and broader environmental issues within the emergency department remained.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;6;yes;"Focus groups/interviews: 3 hospital staff and project consortium; 8 nurses (pre); 5 nurses (post); 0 at both timepoints; 16 ED staff answered a opinion survey on features of new design";yes;10 family carers
Brewer;2018;Nursing Unit Design, Nursing Staff Communication Networks, and Patient Falls: Are They Related?;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718779223;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort;Questionnaire and medical records and hospital architectual data;69%;Investigating the impact of nursing unit design (size and shape) on staff communication and patient falls.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;An analysis of covariance controlling for hospitals resulted in a statistically significant interaction of unit shape and size (number of beds). The interaction occurred when medium- and large-sized racetrack-shaped units intersected with medium- and large-sized crossshaped units.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;yes, unclear;no;-;no;-
Broadbent;2014;Implications of the emergency department triage environment on triage practice for clients with a mental illness at triage in an Australian context;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84895021998&doi=10.1016%2fj.aenj.2013.11.002&partnerID=40&md5=7c5fe45316099704095bf7dc718b0e68;ED;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Observations, interviews, examination of documents and field notes;57%;This paper examines the implications of the emergency department triage practice environment on the triage practice of nurses who triage clients with a mental illness.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;Nurses who work in ED triage are cognisant of environmental impacts as they undertake rapid client assessment and manage busy and noisy waiting rooms. The triage environment does influence the ED triage assessment and the management of clients who present seeking mental health care.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;Unclear;no;-
Brooke & Semlyen;2019;Exploring the impact of dementia-friendly ward environments on the provision of care: A qualitative thematic analysis;https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301216689402;Geriatric;England;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Focus groups;58%;To understand the impact of dementia friendly ward environments on nurses experiences of caring for acutely unwell patients with dementia;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Patient centered care;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;Four themes developed from the thematic analysis: (1) ‘It doesn’t look like a hospital’: A changed environment, (2) ‘More options to provide person-centred care’: No one size fits all, (3) ‘Before you could not see the patients’: A constant nurse presence and (4) ‘The ward remains the same’: Resistance to change;no;-;yes;17 nurses and 21 assisstants
Broom;2018;Exploring the Impact of a Dual Occupancy Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on Staff Workflow, Activity, and Their Perceptions;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718779360;PICU/NICU;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Observations, pedometers (measurements) and questionnaires;63%;To explore the impact of changing from an open plan to a dual occupancy NICU;Activity and behavior;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;Results highlighted no significant difference inthe distances clinical nurses walked nor time spent providing direct clinical care, whereas technicalsupport staff walked further than other staff in both designs. Staff perceived the DO design created adevelopmentally appropriate, family-centered environment that facilitated communication and colla-boration between staff and families. Staff described the main challenges of the DO design such aseffective staff communication, gaining educational opportunities, and the isolation of staff and familiescompared to the OP design. Our study provides new evidence that DO provides an improveddevelopmentally environment and has similar positive benefits to single-family room for neonates andfamilies.;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;In total, 30 nursing staff were observed in thetime and motion study. Survey participation rates were OP NICU 84/102(82%), DO (6 months post) 62/89 (70%), and DO(24 months post) 68/94 (72%).;no;-
Browall;2013;Patients' experience of important factors in the healthcare environment in oncology care;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882327080&doi=10.3402%2fqhw.v8i0.20870&partnerID=40&md5=0ff08a6a0343c3983f507ed0c06e30ac;Medical;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Focus groups;62%;Describe what factors of the healthcare environment are perceived as being important to patients in oncology care;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"Anlysis of the patients' perceptions of the environment indicated a complex entity comprising several aspects. These came together in a structure consisting of three main categories: safety, partnership with the staff, and physical space. The care environment is perceived as a complex entity, made up of several physical and psychosocial aspects, where the physical factors are subordinated by the psychosocial factors. It is clearly demonstrated that the patients' primary desire was a psychosocial environment where they were seen as a unique person; the patients wanted opportunities for good encounters with staff, fellow patients, and family members, supported by a good physical environment; and the patients valued highly a place to withdraw and rest.";no;no;no;yes;no;yes;11;no;-;no;-
Brown-Johnson et al.;2019;Primary Care 2.0: Design of a Transformational Team-Based Practice Model to Meet the Quadruple Aim;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30409021/;General;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Survey, semi-structured interviews ;59%;To describe the methods of applying a systematic design process to primary care redesign and to outline the resulting model: Primary Care 2.0;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;Redesigning team-based primary care with input and processes from diverse industries (such as the automotive industry) can create current and future value for health care organizations. In particular, Integrated Facility Design, infrequently used in health care transformation, could be valuable for the iterative design of physical facilities and workflow. Early indications from the initial Quadruple Aim metrics are that Primary Care 2.0 team-based care, which includes stretching all staff roles to top-of-license practice and empowering team members, may positively influence each goal of the Quadruple Aim to enhance quality of care, patient satisfaction, cost savings, and provider and staff well-being;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;24;no;-
Brown et al.;2019;Pathways, practices and architectures: Containing antimicrobial resistance in the cystic fibrosis clinic;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31387378/;General;UK (England);UK;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non-specific, explorative ;Scheduling graphic and walking interviews at hospital sites helped to mini- mise disruption to routines;64%;To explore the way AMR mitigation is differently performed by clinicians in respiratory clinics in dialogue with the built environment;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;Our research aims to bring to the fore the role of the built environment exploring how containment and segregation are varyingly performed in interaction with material design, focussing on three core themes. These include, first, aspects of flow, movement and the spatiotemporal choreography of cystic fibrosis care. Second, the management of waiting and the materiality of the waiting room is a recurrent concern in our fieldwork. Finally, we take up the question of air, the intangibility of airborne risks and their material mitigation in the cystic fibrosis clinic.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;33;no;-
Bukh;2015;Impact of healthcare design on patients' perception of a rheumatology outpatient infusion room: an interventional pilot study;https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10067-014-2592-4.pdf;Medical;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-Post;Intervention was based on interviews and observations but the main study was done with quesitonnaires;52%;To examine the impact of room modifications on patients’ perception of an outpatient infusion room used for treating rheumatologic diseases.;Patient centered care;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The agreement with 25 statements regarding the environmental room factors was scored (range 0–4). A total score was calculated as the sum of all 25 scores (range 0–100). The median (range) age was 55 (28–78) years. Seventeen out of 25 scores improved significantly (p<0.000–0.050), none deteriorated. The amount of decorating and room colours, for example, was scored significantly higher after the intervention (p<0.000), and the atmosphere was considered significantly more comfortable and “safe” (p<0.005). The total score increased from 63.0 (34–88) to 81.0 (48–100) (p<0.000);yes;no;yes;yes;no;yes;44 (52);yes;2;no;-
Bulu;2019;Application of factor analysis on the satisfaction at Regional General Hospital Soe;https://www.ijicc.net/images/Vol_5_Iss_3/30_Bulu_P503_2019R.pdf;General;Indonesia;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;63%;To describe the covariance correlation among many related variables (multicollinearity), to know the factors that influence the satisfaction of hospitalized patients and to analyse the most dominant factors that influence the satisfaction of hospitalized patients, at the Soe Regional General Hospital;Patient centered care;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Three new factors were obtained. These three factors are health staff competence, patients’ comfort and the support for patients’ comfort. The result shows that the dominant competency factor of health staff, influenced the hospitalized patients’ comfort. Those factors consisted of accuracy of diagnosis, accuracy of drug administration, standard of feeding accuracy, food hygiene, work speed, image, and communication. This indicates that the work performance in hospitals, especially work competency in Soe regional general hospital, is quite good and it makes patients feel satisfied with the services available.;no;no;no;yes;no;yes;94;no;-;no;-
Butler et al.;2019;The impact of the social and physical environments on parent–healthcare provider relationships when a child dies in PICU: Findings from a grounded theory study;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2017.12.008;PICU/NICU;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;grounded theory;Semi-structured interviews;57%;To explore the influences of the paediatric intensive care environment on relationships between parents and healthcare providers when children are dying;Activity and behavior;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;The physical and social environment of the intensive care unit influenced the quality of the parent–healthcare provider relationship. When a welcoming, open environment existed, parents tended to feel respected as equal and included members of their child’s care team. In contrast, environments that restricted parental presence or lacked resources for parental self-care could leave parents feeling like ‘watchers’, excluded from their child’s care;no;no;no;yes;no;no;-;no;-;yes;26 parents
Buxton;2012;Sleep disruption due to hospital noises: A prospective evaluation;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864802203&doi=10.7326%2f0003-4819-156-12-201208070-00472&partnerID=40&md5=dcb0bf162b2b3be11bb52c2c3ae4ab65;Laboratory;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Polysomnigraphy;85%;To determine profiles of acoustic disruption of sleep by examining the cortical (encephalographic) arousal responses during sleep to typical hospital noises by sound level and type and sleep stage.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Sound presentations yielded arousal response curves that varied because of sound level and type and sleep stage. Electronic sounds were more arousing than other sounds, including human voices, and there were large differences in responses by sound type. As expected, sounds in NREM stage 3 were less likely to cause arousals than sounds in NREM stage 2; unexpectedly, the probability of arousal to sounds presented in REM sleep varied less by sound type than when presented in NREM sleep and caused a greater and more sustained elevation of instantaneous heart rate.";yes;no;no;no;no;yes;12;no;-;no;-
Calnan;2013;I often worry about the older person being in that system': Exploring the key influences on the provision of dignified care for older people in acute hospitals;http://orca.cf.ac.uk/41344/1/Calnan%202013.pdf;ED;UK;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative ;Ethnography;Interviews, Non-participant observation;67%;The specific focus in this paper is on determining whether individual therapy sessions for community rehabilitation services should be delivered in a home/community-based setting or centre-based setting within a flexible service delivery model.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;The findings revealed a lack of consistency in providing dignified care, primarily due to the dominance of system and organizational priorities, along with the interests of ward staff and clinicians. The focus on clinical specialization often left staff without the necessary knowledge and skills to care for older patients, whose acute illnesses are frequently compounded by physical and mental co-morbidities. The physical environment of acute wards was often poorly designed, confusing, and inaccessible, rendering it unsuitable for treating the primary users—those over 65—with dignity. While informants acknowledged these issues, they concluded that it was the older person who was in the 'wrong place,' assuming there must be a better facility for them.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;40;yes;111;yes;25
Campos Andrade;2013;Inpatients' and outpatients' satisfaction: the mediating role of perceived quality of physical and social environment;https://www-sciencedirect-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/science/article/pii/S1353829213000191;Surgery;Portugal;Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire and observations (quantitative;85%;This study analyses the processes through which the physical environment of health care settings impacts on patients’ well-being.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Results showed that the objective environmental quality affects satisfaction through perceptions of environmental quality, and that patients’ status moderates this relationship. For inpatients, it is the perception of quality of the social environment that mediates the relationship between objective environmental quality and satisfaction, whereas for outpatients it is the perception of quality of the physical environment.;no;no;no;yes;no;yes;206;no;-;no;-
Camuccio et al.;2019;Noise Levels in an Acute Psychiatric Unit: An Exploratory Observational Study;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30946621/;Psychiatric;Italy;Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Objective measures;85%;To identify the sources of noise and the sound pressure level in an acute psychiatric ward, and secondly to ascertain whether this is perceived by inpatients as disturbing.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The average noise level in the ward was 62.5 dB(A)eq in the morning, 55.8 in the afternoon, and 51.5 at night. A total of 23 patients took part in the study: 65.2% of this sample did not perceive the noise in the ward as disturbing. In a psychiatric ward, the main source of noise is the verbal communication, and acoustic pressure also derived from care activities based around relationships. Other sources of noise perceived as disturbing came from the opening and closing of doors and the entry doorbell. Adopting relational and architectural-structural measures could reduce the sound pressure, with a view to further improving the ambience in the ward;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;23;no;-;no;-
Cartland;2018;The Role of Hospital Design in Reducing Anxiety for Pediatric Patients;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718779219;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaires;68%;To study the impact of hospital design on patient and family experiences during and after hospitalization.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Controlling for the facts of hospitalization, patient demographics, and the child’s typical anxiety level, children in the new facility experienced less anxiety than in the old facility. The study does not provide evidence that the hospital design reduced the psychological sequelae of hospitalization. Parents and children found different features of the hospital to be restorative.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;195;no;-;no;-
Caruso;2014;ICU architectural design affects the delirium prevalence: A comparison between single-bed and multibed rooms;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84913529604&doi=10.1097%2fCCM.0000000000000502&partnerID=40&md5=454a63da617c86fc6d21c8d3cd039df7;ICU;Brasil (South America);South America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-Post;Medical records;64%;To compare the ICU delirium prevalence and characteristics (coma/delirium-free days, first day in delirium and delirium motoric subtypes) of critically ill patients admitted in single- or multibed rooms.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Critically ill patients admitted in single-bed rooms have a lower prevalence of delirium than those admitted in multibed rooms. However, coma/delirium-free days, first day in delirium, and motoric subtypes were not different.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;1253;no;-;no;-
Catt;2018;The Reality of Well-Being-Focused Design in Dementia Care: A Case Study of Acute Dementia Wards in the United Kingdom;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29916274;Geriatric;UK;UK;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Observations and interviews and incidence reports;55%;To explore design for well-being within dementia care by investigating the adoption of well-being-focused design in real-world practice, through observing National Health Service (NHS) wards.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The ward observations and interviews provided insight into the current progression of well-being-led design in NHS hospitals in England. The research highlights key areas of success and factors that inhibit further progression;no;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;yes;no;-
Chahal;2012;Service Quality and Performance in the Public Health-Care Sector;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865242849&doi=10.1080%2f07359683.2012.704837&partnerID=40&md5=86eaf5ecdb845c19bfdcd7621ad4b082;Medical;India;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaires;75%;To evaluate service quality and service performance relationship in the health-care sector;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;The results confirm significant relationship among subdimensions of physical environment quality and interaction quality (service quality) and four service performance measures, namely waiting time, patient satisfaction, patient loyalty, and image in public hospitals.;yes;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes (N = 400);no;-;no;-
Chekol;2016;Dimensions of patient satisfaction with comprehensive abortion care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?customersID=ResearchSoft&mode=FullRecord&IsProductCode=Yes&product=WOS&Init=Yes&Func=Frame&DestFail=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com&action=retrieve&SrcApp=EndNote&SrcAuth=ResearchSoft&SID=F2fbzgYrJLEUk7Y5RsU&UT=WOS%3A000390955700002;Maternal;Ethiopia (Africa);Africa;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;In-depth interviews, focus group discussion, expert review, pilot study, item analysis, questionnaire.;71%;This study aimed to identifying the underlying factors that contribute to patient satisfaction with comprehensive abortion care and at exploring relationships between total satisfaction scores and socio-demographic and care-related variables in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.quipment.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Exploratory factor analysis of the 26 items revealed five main components of satisfaction with abortion care, accounting for 60.48% of the variance in total satisfaction scores. All items had factor loadings greater than 0.4. The factors were named as follows: ""art of care"" (interpersonal relationships with the care provider), ""physical environment"" (perceived quality of the physical surroundings, including cleanliness), ""information"" (information received regarding abortion procedures), ""privacy and confidentiality,"" and ""quality of care"" (technical quality of the care provider). Additionally, analysis of variance showed that overall satisfaction was related to facility type, relationship status, gestational age, and procedural type.";yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;400 (450) survey, 24 in interviews and focus groups;no;-;no;-
Cheng;2010;Sequential introduction of single room isolation and hand hygiene campaign in the control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care unit;https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-263;ICU;China (Asia);Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Incidence of MRSA infection based on hospital records;75%;To investigate changes in the incidence density of MRSA and ESBL-producing organisms over time;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Without a major change in bed occupancy rate, nursing workforce, or the protocol of environmental cleansing throughout the study period, a stepwise reduction in ICU onset nonbacteraemic MRSA infection was observed.Infection due to ESBL-producing organisms did not show a corresponding reduction. (Also read the conclusions which are easier to understand);yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;12073;no;-;no;-
Chiu;2018;The impact of windows on the outcomes of medical intensive care unit patient;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijge.2017.06.002;ICU;Taiwan;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Retrospective cohort;Medical records review;90%;To investigated the impact of windows on the outcomes of patients admitted to the medical ICU.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;"The in-ICU and in-hospital mortality rates were not significantly different between groups (23.8% vs 20.0%, p = 0.533 for in-ICU mortality; 27.0% vs 24.5%, p = 0.734 for in-hospital mortality), but patients admitted to window rooms had shorter ICU stays than those admitted to no-window rooms (4.8 days vs 5.8 days, p = 0.045).";yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;281;no;-;no;-
Choi;2013;Environmental affordances: Designing for family presence and involvement in patient care;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/193758671300600404?casa_token=Cdxdo1QYg4AAAAAA:FLOOoD9Up4POSBJFCmsyV8AG0kgjTeR47ppTxWvZsLpRV2QoehIRo1MpjAyLbLE0uJhiPGudjG1wzw;ICU;South Korea;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional ;Behavior Mapping;73%;To examine the impact of the patient-centered unit design on family involvement, operationalized as percentages of family presence and family-patient/family-staff interaction in patient rooms.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;"The analysis identified a significant difference in family presence in patient rooms (t = -2.176; df = 79.0; p = 0.03) between the traditional and the patient-centered units. Patients in the family-centered care unit (M = 37.77; SD = 34.02) spent significantly more time with their family members in patient rooms than did patients in the traditional unit (M = 23.89; SD = 21.90). Patient-related variables other than unit design had no significant impact on family presence and interactions.";no;no;no;yes;no;yes;81;no;-;no;-
Chou et al.;2018;Developing a Measurement Scale of Gender-Friendly Hospital Environments: An Exploratory Study of Customer Perceptions in Taiwan;http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102227;General;Taiwan;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross sectional;Questionnaire ;59%;To develop a measurement to assess customer perceptions of gender-friendly hospital environments;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;Patient centered care;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;There are five factors (i.e., physical design, functional design, marking design, gender perception, and gender-friendly services) and 28 items in the measurement scale of gender-friendly hospital environments. Results also show that gender-friendly hospital environments affect customers’ loyalty and willingness to pay;yes;203 (first study) and 249 (second);no;-
Chrysikou;2019;Psychiatric Institutions and the Physical Environment: Combining Medical Architecture Methodologies and Architectural Morphology to Increase Our Understanding;https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4076259;Psychiatric;England;UK;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Building plans, visits, and staff and patient interviews;69%;"(i) To explore the spatial dynamics of psychiatric institutions and how those influence (a) the personal and (b) the social milieu of psychiatric space; and (ii) To identify environmental requirements of mentally ill people according to needs, therapeutic regimes, and principles deriving from deinstitutionalization";Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;There were potential connections between regimes, spatial configuration, and the social fabric. Methodologies of architectural morphologies indicated areas that would attract people because of the layout rather than function. However, insights into medical architecture outlined institutional undercurrents and provided alternative interpretation to spatial analysis. Comprehending the social fabric of psychiatric facilities could challenge the current surveillance-led model, as psychosocial rehabilitation uses could be encouraged at points of higher integration.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;11;yes;10;no;-
Cloutier;2016;Experimental identification of potential falls in older adult hospital patients;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973154503&doi=10.1016%2fj.jbiomech.2016.02.012&partnerID=40&md5=b5527dc210e1cedb3c340d738756460b;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Observation using motion capture to count the number of potential falls;88%;To identify motions and activities that associated environmental design factors, within the clinician zone and patient bathroom may lead to fall;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Results suggest that only motion-related factors, particularly turning, pushing, pulling, and grabbing, contribute most significantly to potential falls in the patient bathroom, whereas only pushing and pulling contribute significantly in the clinician zone.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;yes (N = 27);no;-;no;-
Cohen et al.;2019;Concurrent Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Hospital Roommates;https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FNNR.0000000000000316;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;cohort (retro);Concurrent organism detection;89%;To determine the incidence of concurrent detection of bacterial pathogens among patients sharing a hospital room.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;741271;no;-;no;-
Colley;2018;“Everything Happens in the Hallways”: Exploring User Activity in the Corridors at Two Rehabilitation Units;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047959544&doi=10.1177%2f1937586717733149&partnerID=40&md5=287dd03be4cd27227010155dd51785eb;Rehabilitation;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational;Corss-sectional;Observation, interviews and focus groups and survey for background factors;62%;To examine the role of the corridors in specialist inpatient rehabilitation units to inform future design of these spaces.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Results from the observations showed that the corridors were used frequently across the day, particularly by staff. Thematic analysis of staff and patient experiences found three key themes describing how corridors were used: (1) moving around, (2) delivery and experiences of quality care, and (3) a “spillover space.”;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;24;yes;33;no;-
Combariza;2018;Cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions for prevention of invasive aspergillosis among leukemia patients during hospital construction activities;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ejh.12991;Medical;Colombia (South america);South America;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Medical records;58%;The aim of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of the impact of environmental control measures and invasive aspergillosis (IA) among patients with acute leukemia during hospital construction activities;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;When each of the last 3 interventions was individually compared with the no environmental control measures group the difference of IA incidence was not significantly different. (Among 86 patients with 175 hospitalization episodes, the incidence of IA with environmental protection measures, antifungal prophylaxis and hospitalization in rooms with HEPA filters was 14.4%, 6.3% and 0%, respectively. An Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio analysis was performed and it was found that HEPA filtered rooms and environmental protection measures are cost saving interventions when compared with posaconazole prophylaxis (?$2665 vs ?$4073 vs $42 531 US dollars, respec-tively) for IA episode prevented.);yes;no;no;no;no;yes;86;no;-;no;-
Cone;2010;"From ""Baby Barn"" to the ""single family room designed NICU"": A report of staff perceptions one year post occupancy";https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953069038&doi=10.1053%2fj.nainr.2010.03.002&partnerID=40&md5=88aacfc6599026605ffaa0400754569c;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;60%;The purpose of this article is to report on the perceptions of an interdisciplinary staff one year after the move from a large open room design into a SFR NICU.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The results suggest that when compared to the open unit “Baby Barn” design, the SFR model was deemed to be better for patient care, less stressful for staff, and provided an improved physical environment for patients, families, and staff.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;79;no;-
Copeland;2017;Effects of Unit Design on Acute Care Nurses' Walking Distances, Energy Expenditure, and Job Satisfaction: A Pre-Post Relocation Study;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1937586716673831;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records (for falls), open ended questions coded for counting (staff on job satisfaction and effectiveness);58%;(1) To assess differences in steps taken and energy expenditure among acute care nurses when transitioning from a hospital with centralized nurses' stations to one with decentralized nurses' stations. (2) Identifying design features that nurses perceived as supporting or hindering their work and examining changes in reported job satisfaction, also including monitoring patient falls. ;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Overall, nurses’ job satisfaction was high and improved post-relocation, and patient falls decreased by 55%. There were significant reductions in nurses’ energy expenditure (p<.001) and steps taken (p ¼ .041) postrelocation.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;unclear (incidence of falls from patient records);yes;"yes (pre n = 26; post n =35)(n =14 participate in pre and post evaluation)";no;-
Cordoza et al.;2018;Impact of nurses taking daily work breaks in a hospital garden on Burnout;https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2018131;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Standardized measures;62%;To compare the effect on nurse burnout of taking daily work breaks in a hospital-integrated garden with the effect of indoor-only breaks.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;"significant improvement was apparent in scores on the Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales for emotional exhaustion (4.5 vs -0.2; P < .001) and depersonalization (1.8 vs 0.0; P=.02) but not for personal accomplishment (-0.6 vs -0.0; P=.55). Compared with indoor breaks, total symptom scores on the Present Functioning Visual Analog Scale improved significantly when nurses took a break in the garden (garden vs indoor breaks, 4.0 vs 2.4; P=.04). Taking daily work breaks in an outdoor garden may be beneficial in mitigating burnout for nurses working in hospital environments.";no;no;no;no;yes;no;-;yes;29;no;-
Crane;2016;Testing of Floor Pads on Stability, Energy Absorption, and Ease of Hospital Use for Enhanced Patient Safety;https://journals.lww.com/journalpatientsafety/Abstract/2016/09000/Multidisciplinary_Testing_of_Floor_Pads_on.3.aspx;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Case crossover study;Measurments (balance testing;57%;they studied several commercially available floor pads made of different materials to determine which (if any) would be practical in a hospital room and reduce injury without posing a threat to the balance of patients.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;All of the pads subject to mechanical testing showed at least 3 times more energy absorption compared with the control. Balance testing showed that three of the pads resulted in minimal or no significant increases in body motion during sit-to-stand. Nursing feedback revealed that only 2 of these 3 pads may be feasible for hospital room use: one made primarily of firm rubber and one made of foam.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;34;yes;15;no;-
Crawford et al.;2018;Identifying determinants of noise in a medical intensive care unit;https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2018.1515491;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Standardized measures;60%;To determine the effectiveness of a behavior-based intervention to reduce noise and to identify determinants of noise in a medical intensive care unit;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The intervention proved ineffective, as noise levels frequently exceeded project goals during both day and night. Rooms with the oldest heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems had higher noise levels, even when unoccupied. On flagged days, the odds of noise exceeding 60 dBA were higher when high-flow respiratory support devices were used, compared to times with low-flow devices. General sources, such as the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system, contributed to high baseline noise, while high-volume respiratory support devices generated additional high noise in ICU patient rooms. This study suggests that engineering controls may be more effective in reducing noise in ICU settings than behavior modification alone.;yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;yes;61;no;-
Cure;2015;Effect of hand sanitizer location on hand hygiene compliance;https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0196655315005362/1-s2.0-S0196655315005362-main.pdf?_tid=4e5d8a9f-4bde-4deb-a2ee-4e10d3a039e7&acdnat=1550227630_a6553f891e1cc82efe77949f9c2079b7;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Review of compliance records;63%;To determine whether the usability of sanitizer dispensers correlates with compliance of staff in using the sanitizer in a hospital;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The total usability score (P = .0046), visibility (P = .003), and accessibility of the sanitizer on entrance to the patient room (P = .00055) were statistically associated with higher observed compliance rates. Standardization alone showed no significant impact on observed compliance (P = .37).;no;no;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;Unclear;no;-
Curtis;2017;The impact of single and shared rooms on family-centred care in children's hospitals;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019022686&doi=10.1111%2fjocn.13485&partnerID=40&md5=bcd257a7404e27f5c17af73fc7a2a5b4;Pediatric;UK;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative;ethnography;Interviews, focus group and observations (probably qualitative, not clear from the paper);60%;To explore whether and how spatial aspects of children’s hospital wards (single and shared rooms) impact upon family-centred care.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;Spatial configurations within hospital wards significantly impacted upon the relationships and interactions between children, parents and nurses, which played out differently in single and shared rooms. Increasing the provision of single rooms within wards is therefore likely to directly affect how family?centred care manifests in practice.;no;no;no;yes;no;yes;17;yes;60;yes;60
Cusack et al.;2019;Anticipated advantages and disadvantages of a move to 100% single-room hospital in Australia: A case study;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30707783/;General;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Surveys and interviews;75%;To identify advantages and disadvantages for patients and nursing staff of a pending move to 100% single?room hospital, in anticipation of the challenges for nurse managers of a different ward environment;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"Four constructs were derived: physical environment; patient safety and comfort; staff safety; and importance of interaction. There are important factors that inform nurse managers when considering a move to an all single?room design. These factors are important for nurses’ and patients’ well?being. This study identified four nurse managers key factors that should be considerd when contributing to the design of a 100% single? room hospital. Nurses’ voices are critically important to inform the design for a safe and efficient ward environment.";no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;15;yes;43;no;-
D souza et al.;2019;Factors affecting quality of sleep in hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional survey in a tertiary care hospital;"https://www.ijms.in/article.asp?issn=0976-2884;year=2019;volume=10;issue=4;spage=201;epage=206;aulast=D";General;India;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross sectional;Standardized measures;63%;To assess the quality of sleep among hospitalized patients and to find the correlation between the factors affecting sleep and sleep quality. The secondary objective was to understand the quality of sleep in people admitted for surgical and medical treatment.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The mean score for Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI) was 7.58 ± 3.14 and that 69% of the patients had poor sleep as inferred from the global PSQI >5 scores. Age and gender had no effect on the PSQI total score, but the number of roommates, type of the ward, hospitalization period, presence and severity of pain, taking sleep medication, and attitude toward the overall atmosphere and interior of wards has caused deviation in scores. Sleep problems are quite frequent in medical inpatients. Pain management and modification of the ward interior and atmosphere can impact inpatients sleep quality.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;100;no;-;no;-
Daemen;2014;Adaptable healing patient room for stroke patients. A staff evaluation;https://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.3414/ME13-02-0032;Medical;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Mixed methods;Observational;Cohort;Questionnaire and focus groups;69%;To gather qualitative and quantitative feedback from hospital staff about the usefulness, the usability and desirability of the Adaptive Daily Rhythm Atmospheres (ADRA), Artificial Skylight (AS) and Adaptive Stimulus Dosage (ASD) concepts that were implemented as different phases of a novel healing patient room.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;The results show that hospital staff expects a positive effect on the healing process of the patient for the Artificial Skylight, the Adaptable Stimulus Dosage concept and the different ADRA phases that provide a clear daily rhythm structure during the day. In fact the staff members from different healthcare institutions and with different professional roles agreed on most aspects. In addition, the staff also expected a positive effect for almost all phases on the efficiency of the clinical workflow, also for the AS and ASD concepts.;yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;yes;yes, unclear;no;-
Daniels;2016;A Case Study of the Environmental Experience of a Hospitalized Newborn Infant with Complex Congenital Heart Disease;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84983778354&doi=10.1097%2fJCN.0000000000000273&partnerID=40&md5=f1a0c9e14ba59cafbb404e3a19418b95;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectioanl;Measurement;75%;To examine the environmental experience of a newborn infant with heart disease after surgical intervention within the first month of life.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Although average daily noise exposure remained below recommended guidelines on 3 of 4 days, the infant experienced intermittent periods of excessive noise (?55 dBA) during 59 of 87 hours and 110 episodes of acute noise events greater than 70 dBA. Average daily light exposure was below the recommended guidelines. However, light levels were more than twice the recommended levels at multiple points daily. For each of the 4 observation days, the infant experienced 66 to 102 awakenings during sleep, and sleep durations were less than 30 minutes 90% of the time.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;yes, unclear;no;-;no;-
Davis;2011;Rooftop hospital gardens for physical therapy: A post-occupancy evaluation;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053430347&doi=10.1177%2f193758671100400303&partnerID=40&md5=69d63c3be0d2240893f13fbecdb1967d;Laboratory;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Interviews, observations and questionnaires;81%;The aim was to understand successes and weaknesses of a rooftop hospital garden used primarily for physical therapy;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The designer and administrative staff perceived high accessibility while patients and staff reported low accessibility. Patients reported high satisfaction with the garden while staff reported little time for garden use. Poor maintenance decisions resulted in decreased functional and aesthetic value.;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-
Davis et al.;2019;Single-Room Ward Design and Its Impact on Service and Patient Outcomes: An Evaluation Study;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31568120/;General;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records and survey;75%;"To evaluate the impact of a new inpatient single-room orthopaedic ward on patient and clinician outcomes using a medical record audit; patient, nurse, and medical doctor surveys; and nonparticipant observations in a tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia";Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;No change in adverse event rates and fewer emergency calls were found after the move to a single-room ward. Survey responses from nurses, medical doctors, and patients were positive. Observations suggested that clinicians devised solutions to potential threats to patient safety.  The single-room ward design did not negatively impact on patient and clinician outcomes and was preferred by them. Clinicians organized their work to ensure patient safety.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;1569 and 118 surveys;yes;28 nurses and 12 doctors;no;-
de Korne;2012;Safety by design: effects of operating room floor marking on the position of surgical devices to promote clean air flow compliance and minimise infection risks;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852411;Surgery;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Observational data (quantitative) and semistructed interviews;67%;To evaluate the use of floor marking on the positioning of surgical devices within the clean air flow in an operating room to minimise infection risk.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;OR floor markings facilitated and stimulated safety awareness and resulted in significantly increased compliance with the positioning of surgical devices in the clean air flow. Safety and quality approaches in hospital care, therefore, should include a human factors approach that focuses on system design in addition to teaching clinical and non-technical skills.;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;829 surgeries were observed. Eight semistructured inverviews with staff.;no;-
de Matos et al.;2019;Single-Bed or Multibed Room Designs Influence ICU Staff Stress and Family Satisfaction, But Do Not Influence ICU Staff Burnout;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719878445;ICU;Brasil (South America);South America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Standardized measures;53%;To compare the impact of single-bed versus multibed room intensive care units (ICU) architectural designs on the stress and burnout of ICU staff and on the stress and satisfaction of family visitors.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Among 156 ICU professionals, similar burnout rates were observed between those working in single-bed and multibed rooms. However, self-reported stress was higher among staff in single-bed rooms. Family visitors (n=176) reported similar stress levels regardless of room type, but satisfaction was higher for those visiting single-bed rooms. The study concluded that single-bed ICU design was associated with greater family visitor satisfaction but higher stress for ICU staff, with similar burnout levels across both room types for staff.;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;156;yes;176
Degl? Innocenti et al.;2019;The Influence of Evidence-Based Design on Staff Perceptions of a Supportive Environment for Person-Centered Care in Forensic Psychiatry;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31834079/;Psychiatric;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;cohort (prosp);Standardized measures;75%;To examine the relocation of three forensic psychiatric hospitals in Sweden into new facilities;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Staff members' job satisfaction and perceptions of a person-centered physical and psychosocial environment increased after relocation and provide evidence that staff perceptions of ward atmosphere in forensic psychiatric clinics are susceptible to factors in the physical and psychosocial environment. The importance of always taking the environmental factors into consideration, to achieve greater staff well-being and capacity to accomplish goals in forensic psychiatry, is emphasized;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;239;no;-;no;-
Dendaas;2011;Environmental congruence and work-related stress in acute care hospital medical/surgical units: a descriptive, correlational study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858116506&doi=10.1177%2f193758671100500103&partnerID=40&md5=e7337231c7f499756d213537e8fc1433;ED;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;57%;Explore the extent to which the physical environment supports workers in the execution of work tasks (functional congruence or FC) as well as supports their psychosocial needs and well-being (psychosocial congruence, or PC);Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"The mean level of existing EC in the sample was roughly 70% percent of highest capacity and that of important/desired EC in the sample was 93%. Staff RNs' mean level of WRS was 6.7; the mean contribution of the physical environment to WRS was 5.8. Moderate negative correlations were found between EC and WRS (r = ?.41, p < .05), and between physical environment contribution to WRS and EC (r = ?.55, p <.001). Staff RNs in the sampled units wanted a significantly higher level of EC. They rated their WRS moderately high and the contribution of the physical environment to it as moderate. A moderately negative relationship was found between EC and WRS. ";yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;yes (N = 417);no;-
Dennis;2010;Benefits of quiet time for neuro-intensive care patients;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956924578&doi=10.1097%2fJNN.0b013e3181e26c20&partnerID=40&md5=a9b547d8f9cc5c0c9fa234a66350f165;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Pre, during and post;Measurements for noise, light and sleep;73%;To measur noise and light levels at multiple locations before, during, and after quiet time hours.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Analysis of data, adjusted for multiple testing and repeated measures on patients, demonstrated significantly lower noise and light levels during day shift quiet time. In addition, patients were significantly more likely to be observed sleeping during day shift quiet time hours.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;50;no;-;no;-
Devlin;2016;Qualities of Inpatient Hospital Rooms: Patients' Perspectives;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26666814;Surgery;USA and Portugal;Comparison;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Questionnaire but with focus on open ended questions;90%;To investigate what design features of hospital rooms are valued by inpatients.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The majority of comments could be accommodatedby Ulrich’s theory, but it is noteworthy that other aspects emerge from patients’ comments and affecttheir experience. Cross-cultural differences pointed to the greater role of light and sun for Portuguesepatients and health status whiteboard for U.S. patients. Qualitative research can add significantly to ourunderstanding of the healthcare experience and may inform design decisions.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;236;no;-;no;-
Deyneko;2016;Impact of sink location on hand hygiene compliance after care of patients with Clostridium difficile infection: a cross-sectional study;doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1535-x;General;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional based on observation of behaviour;Observation of hand hygine compliance plus mapping of rooms to extract variables on sink access;76%;The aim of this study is to determine the location of hand wash sinks available to healthcare workers (HCWs) after caring for patients with CDI and to assess the impact on hand washing compliance.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Hand washing compliance following contact with patients with C. difficile infections was low. Poor access to sinks is associated with decreased hand washing compliance. Improvement strategies are urgently needed.;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;247 hand hygiene opportunities following care of a CDI patient were observed.;no;-
Dianat;2013;Objective and subjective assessments of lighting in a hospital setting: Implications for health, safety and performance;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888009863&doi=10.1080%2f00140139.2013.820845&partnerID=40&md5=3e6d00fea6e25ee985fc08bcec937017;General;Iran;Middle East;Quantitative;Observational;Field study;Questionnaire, Physical illuminance measurements;50%;To evaluate the illumination levels, to examine the effect of lighting conditions (including lighting characteristics and disturbances) on employee satisfaction, job performance, safety and health, and to compare the employees' perception of lighting level with actual illuminance levels in a hospital setting using both questionnaire and physical illuminance measurements.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;yes;Most respondents indicated that at least one of the four lighting characteristics (i.e. light level, type of light sources, light colour and use of daylight) was inappropriate, and that at least one of the three lighting disturbances (i.e. flickering lights, glare and unwanted shadows) was a major disturbance to them. The employees' perceptions of illuminance generally reflected the actual illuminance levels. The more appropriate maintenance or installation of lighting fixtures was rated as the most appropriate for improving lighting.;yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;yes;208;no;-
Digby;2014;People with dementia and the hospital environment: The view of patients and family carers;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894555983&doi=10.1111%2fopn.12014&partnerID=40&md5=00052c31311bfcbf6e2f3ec79b444165;Geriatric;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Interviews (In-depth semi-structured interviews to obtain information from current inpatients with dementia and their family carers);67%;The aim was to elicit the perspectives of current inpatients with dementia, and their family carers, about the environment/design features that they believe are necessary for people with dementia, and their family carers.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Participants described how the care received was more important than the physical environment; however, participants also valued homeliness, privacy for the patient and for conversations, a shared space without a television and a connection to the outside. Participants described how accommodating carers, providing quiet spaces and appropriate amenities were also important.";yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;7;no;-;yes;4
DiGiacomo et al.;2019;Betwixt and between: a surgical post-acute treatment unit (SPA) for the optimal care of elderly patients with isolated hip fractures;https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01119-4;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Trauma registry;82%;To assess the efficacy of a small specialty care unit to decrease complications in patients who no longer warrant care in an intensive care unit (ICU);Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Geriatric patients have unique needs as a consequence of the aging process, which can be encompassed by four pillars of intercession: cognition, nutrition, respiration, and mobilization. By adapting a physical environment supported by bedside attention to address the interwoven needs of geriatric and elderly patients who no longer care in an ICU, complications and unplanned return admissions to the ICU can be decreased.;yes;no;yes;no;no;yes;117 + 105;no;-;no;-
Ding;2017;Factors influencing patients' sleep in the intensive care unit: Perceptions of patients and clinical staff;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028549924&doi=10.4037%2fajcc2017333&partnerID=40&md5=97816cc12f73bfb9a2dbca0038be3e13;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Semistructured interviews;86%;To explore the perceptions and beliefs of staff, patients, and surrogates regarding the environmental and nonenvironmental factors in the medical intensive care unit that affect patients’ sleep.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Results of this study suggest that environment is not the only factor influencing patients’ sleep. Decreases in environmental sources of disturbance are necessary but not sufficient for sleep improvement. Guideline-recommended clustered care is needed to provide adequate sleep opportunity, but patients’ emotions and anxiety also must be addressed.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;8;yes;24;yes;6
Djukic;2014;Exploring Direct and Indirect Influences of Physical Work Environment on Job Satisfaction for Early-Career Registered Nurses Employed in Hospitals;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904388318&doi=10.1002%2fnur.21606&partnerID=40&md5=9e632185c3f8777e9f9dea5cec01f5cc;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;65%;To examine the environmental experience of a newborn infant in a nationally representative sample of 1,141 early-career registered nurses.;Patient centered care;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;The path analysis used to test multiple indirect effects showed that physical work environment had a positive indirect effect (p<.05) on job satisfaction through ten variables: negative affectivity, variety, workgroup cohesion, nurse-physician relations, quantitative workload, organizational constraints, distributive justice, promotional opportunity, local and non-local job opportunities.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;1141 (2007);no;-
Doig;2010;The hazards of using floor mats as a fall protection device at the bedside;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22130346/;Geriatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non -RCT;Videos and medical records;82%;The aim was to evaluated the clinical safety of the floor mat;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The bedside floor mat caused elderly patients with impaired and normal gaits to lose balance and, in some cases, stumble while ambulating onto the floor mat. Eight of 10 patients had difficulty exiting the bed because they placed their heels on the beveled edge of the mat closest to the bed, which shifted their center of gravity back as they were attempting to stand. Furthermore, walkers and mobile intravenous stands maneuvered onto the floor mat were unbalanced and unstable, further jeopardizing patient safety.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes (N = 15);no;-;no;-
Doig;2011;Comparing the experience of outpatient therapy in home and day hospital settings after traumatic brain injury: Patient, significant other and therapist perspectives;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957598970&doi=10.3109%2f09638288.2010.525286&partnerID=40&md5=a44c69135184219b354afaec8eae458c;General;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Interivews;62%;To explore how therapy in a home and a day hospital setting impacts on rehabilitation process and outcomes from the perspective of the patients, their significant others and their treating occupational therapists.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Participants and their significant others described the two environments as disparate with home-based therapy perceived as more relaxing, normal, satisfying and effective. The approach to therapy at home was commonly described as 'real-life' whereas the therapy approach in day hospital was characterised as 'simulation of real life tasks' and 'remedial exercises'. Participants' experience of therapy relationships at home was characterised as 'friendship', in which the therapist was a 'visitor', whereas in the hospital, participants were characterised as 'patients' and therapists as 'bosses' and 'teachers'.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;n=14;yes;3;yes;Significant others =14
Dolan  et al.;2019;A hospital recreation room quality improvement intervention;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31111780/;General;Ireland;Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Survey;79%;To outline a quality improvement (QI) intervention-provision of a recreational space for long-stay patients.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;"Almost two-thirds (64.7 per cent; n=11) of patients had a stay greater than six weeks. Insufficient private space and concerns about disturbing other patients were identified as barriers to taking part in activities. Consequently, a store room was refurbished as a recreation room (9.0 m × 6.0 m) and furnished in three distinct areas. Following refurbishment, over 90 per cent (n=24) of respondents agreed that there was a suitable space where patients could ""go and chat"" and spend time with family and visitors or speak to the healthcare team.";no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;28 patient+visitors;yes;49;yes;28 patient+visitors
Domanico;2010;Documenting the NICU design dilemma: Parent and staff perceptions of open ward versus single family room units;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951878658&doi=10.1038%2fjp.2009.195&partnerID=40&md5=540f602b924da187c819f3bdc91fc0b8;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;60%;To compare satisfaction levels of families and health-care staff across these differing NICU facility designs.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Findings showed that demographic subgroups of parents and staff perceived the advantages and disadvantages of the two facility designs differently. Staff perceptions varied with previous experience, acclimation time and employment position, whereas parental perceptions revealed a naiveté bias through surveys of transitional parents with experience in both NICU facilities.;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;48;yes;145
Domanico;2011;Documenting the NICU design dilemma: Comparative patient progress in open-ward and single family room units;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953295754&doi=10.1038%2fjp.2010.120&partnerID=40&md5=ec2d1aaa4d5e28d9ce3addf89d86b0ef;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Measurements and patient records;89%;To test the efficacy of single family room (SFR) of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) design for patients medical progresses;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Infants in the SFR unit had fewer apneic events, reduced nosocomial sepsis and mortality, as well as earlier transitions to enteral nutrition. More mothers sustained stage III lactation, and more infants were discharged breastfeeding in the SFR.;yes;yes;no;yes;no;yes;162 (81 pre, 81 post);no;-;no;-
Donald;2015;Consumer perspectives on the therapeutic value of a psychiatric environment;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928614875&doi=10.3109%2f09638237.2014.954692&partnerID=40&md5=65b29fd5ca4b261e58ccb2ea0464b9cb;Psychiatric;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Semistructured interviews and focus groups;71%;Existing reports of the environmental aspects of recovery from mental illness have been confined to consideration of community spaces and the natural environment. This paper aims to extend this literature by assessing the role of psychiatric settings in recovery.;Patient centered care;no;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Analysis identified three major themes concerning consumers’ experience within the unit: the importance of staff; lack of clear architectural identity resulting in confused or confusing space; and limited amenity due to poor architectural design.";no;yes;no;yes;yes;yes;19 (20);no;-;no;-
Donetto;2017;Nursing work and sensory experiences of hospital design: A before and after qualitative study following a move to all-single room inpatient accommodation;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019909107&doi=10.1016%2fj.healthplace.2017.05.001&partnerID=40&md5=8a54f0b5896ecd281922bded3d48cd14;ED;UK;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative;Ethnography;Interviews;67%;To explore the sensory dimension of the embodied experiences of nursing staff working on two acute NHS hospital wards before and after a move to all-single room inpatient accommodation.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Drawing on Pallasmaa's theoretocal insights, they report how the all-single room ward design prioritises ‘focused vision’ and hinders peripheral perception, whilst the open ward environment is rich in contextual and preconscious information.;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;25;no;-
Dowling;2012;Mothers' experiences expressing breast milk for their preterm infants: Does NICU design make a difference?;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873580343&doi=10.1097%2fANC.0b013e318265b299&partnerID=40&md5=e256df834b93821d51bdd1ce42f17aea;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire, diary, medical records;69%;To examined differences in outcomes of provision of mothers´milk before and after implementation of a single-family room (SFR) NICU and described issues related to long-term milk expression.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Seventy-five percent of mothers planned to express breast milk or breastfeed before delivery. The majority (55%) felt most comfortable pumping at home due to increased privacy. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the place of pumping or where they usually pumped, although more mothers pumped in their babies' rooms in the SFR NICU. Most mothers expressed concern about their milk supply during hospitalization, and 47.5% reported experiencing breast problems. At discharge, 71.8% of mothers were providing some breast milk, with 44.7% exclusively providing breast milk. No significant differences were found between the groups in breast milk provision outcomes.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;n=40;no;-;no;-
Drahota;2013;Pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of flooring to reduce injuries from falls in wards for older people;https://watermark.silverchair.com/aft067.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAkswggJHBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggI4MIICNAIBADCCAi0GCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQM75KLA29trDy9CWLDAgEQgIIB_huMZyRkOxKCNkunXbcpDM9UcxgfO5YLSGc9NgnAFinPcwuQACYO9PGDTBPdV8MMw69NvqR4D2qxM1Mgz4mltL-MThsdGs1FGlANf0EIuxe_st_8OveEgz8MVsuSxXUcUT86IFaT_Jq78TrJwr5oyAOO611NfR6hWH18-wU2Iz1wHXq_pT3vVi3ULU2mb4vseVo-Id48wpMIChf-hJ04aVWhU6TtRaBen7vIcCbIkBq_oq6XHFNmkIeUfjBMQtWQ2NcUC5Y87hZ9o9jlbnnZeaOk7Dr6Yay1iTHQGdYRjCx7YszilrGeSqTMHZk9o4hMA8xmloHX9HK-7FsFxP145qfD-khvgpxZPOnrGlmJne2IlFcnJ4NELwPjKYP5kT9qbgcX5QTIQsKuqWn5zvK-X0ECKiCzDFpIuIjDEnv2wmqMZ1Yr0uX1XwPvNnJeQp-bJugTVwJ7up7BSxSVIyVigR41Dv_z6koAGWjiw3ZfYpQnKzBQ1n3kYe3G_EuYJFzoqmlrym6Quzm86W57HGgsPSQZzfWRl-fY4qeUryXfJYRjU4Es99MLfRlhQ2dNfaIjYjNVoUPk9qJHEFJSe9B0so96DNU9l2JngO3VODgq8xmNpUC3lTGkQRY9z5MZhE5AA8MsU09G20OeZR1kSlyjg1yo4TQx8TajbS4RtPUx4w;General;UK;UK;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Measurements;86%;To investigate shock-absorbing flooring for fall-related injuries in wards for frail older people.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Of 35 falls (31 fallers) in the intervention group, 22.9% were injurious, compared with 42.4% of 33 falls (22 fallers) in the control group [injury incident rate ratio (IRR) = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.18–1.91]. There were no moderate or major injuries in the intervention group and six in the control group. The fall IRR was 1.07 (95% CI = 0.64–1.81). Staff at intervention sites raised concerns about pushing equipment, documenting one pulled back.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;571 (567);yes;yes, unclear;no;-
DuBose et al.;2018;Design strategies to improve healthcare worker safety in biocontainment units: learning from ebola preparedness;https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.125;General;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;Ethnography;Observation;67%;To identify ways that the built environment may support or disrupt safe doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) in biocontainment units (BCU).;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The environmental design hindered communication between trained observers (TOs) and healthcare workers (HCWs) due to limited window size or visual obstructions, leading to unobserved errors. The doffing area’s size and configuration impacted HCW adherence to protocols, and unclear zone demarcations resulted in HCWs inadvertently re-entering contaminated areas. The lack of a standard location for items caused equipment and supplies to shift frequently. Different solutions for maintaining balance during shoe cover removal (e.g., chair, hand grips, step stool) showed varying success. The study identified five key requirements for doffing areas to support safe PPE removal and proposed low-cost design strategies to meet these needs, improving HCW safety in BCUs.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;41;yes;15
Edgerton;2010;Objective and subjective evaluation of a redesigned corridor environment in a psychiatric hospital;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951114653&doi=10.3109%2f01612840903383976&partnerID=40&md5=937232643212c63c482064ae5c1df2c5;Psychiatric;UK;UK;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Observations (quantitative) and questionnaire;75%;To examined the impact of redesigning a corridor space within a psychiatric hosptal on the behaviour of patients with dementia.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The findings suggest a positive impact of the redesigned corridor on patient behaviour and that patients and staff perceived the change to the environment differentially.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;n=100;no;-;no;-
Edwards & Singh;2016;Dignified care for older people: Mixed methods evaluation of the impact of the hospital environment - single rooms or multi-bedded wards;http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?customersID=ResearchSoft&mode=FullRecord&IsProductCode=Yes&product=WOS&Init=Yes&Func=Frame&DestFail=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com&action=retrieve&SrcApp=EndNote&SrcAuth=ResearchSoft&SID=F2fbzgYrJLEUk7Y5RsU&UT=WOS%3A000393951100001;Geriatric;UK (Europe);UK;Mixed methods;Observational ;Cohort ;Semi-structured interviews with some quantitative analyses of responses;71%;This study compared patients’ perspectives, their level of satisfaction depending on the design of the hospital environments: single rooms vs multi-bedded wards;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Dignity was better maintained in single rooms. In addition, more patients in single rooms reported receiving a high level of care (100%), compared to those in multi-bedded wards (84%).;yes;yes;no;yes;no;yes;yes (N = 50 elderly people);no;-;no;-
Ellison;2014;Hospital ward design and prevention of hospital-acquired infections: A prospective clinical trial;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908670920&doi=10.1155%2f2014%2f685402&partnerID=40&md5=41503171bc2874ce510cfea4d26b542b;Medical;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post ;Medical records;79%;To determine whether a hospital ward designed with predominantly single rooms was associated with lower event rates of hospital-acquired infection and colonization.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Using Poisson regression analysis and adjusting for time at risk, there were no differences (P=0.18) in the primary outcome (2.96 versus 1.85 events/1000 patient-days, respectively). After adjustment for age, sex, Charlson score, admitted from care facility, previous hospitalization within six months, isolation requirement and the duration on antibiotics, the incidence rate ratio was 1.44 (95% CI 0.71 to 2.94) for the new design versus the historic design wards. A restricted analysis on the numbers of events occurring in single-bed versus multibed wings within the new design ward revealed an event incidence density of 1.89 versus 3.47 events/1000 patient-days, respectively (P=0.18), and an incidence rate ratio of 0.54 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.30).;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;1514 (3617);no;-;no;-
Emami;2018;The effect of nature as positive distractibility on the Healing Process of Patients with cancer in therapeutic settings;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.05.005;Medical;Iran;Middle East;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Questionnaire;55%;To examine the effect of nature on positive distraction on the Healing Process of Patients with Cancer.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Findings of the study indicate that admitted patients viewing natural scenery had less anxiety (P < 0.001) and pain (P = 0.02) than admitted patients viewing no natural scenes.;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;80;no;-;no;-
Fay;2017;Shifting Landscapes: The Impact of Centralized and Decentralized Nursing Station Models on the Efficiency of Care;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586717698812;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire (quantitative), pedometer, observations (quantititative). ;52%;To examine efficiency through the lens of a centralized and decentralized unit design.;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Overall, the data comparing the centralized and decentralized models yielded mixed results. This study’s centralized design was rated significantly higher in its ability to support teamwork and efficient patient care with decreased staff walking distances. The decentralized unit design was found to positively influence proximity to patients in a larger design footprint and contribute to increased visits to and time spent in patient rooms.;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;45 (24 pre, 21 post, wherof 11 did both);no;-
Feeley et al.;2019;NICU Nurses' Stress and Work Environment in an Open Ward Compared to a Combined Pod and Single-Family Room Design;http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=21&SID=C4YPrH7LMKLbTlOIOpJ&page=1&doc=1;PICU/NICU;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Observations;67%;To compare neonatal intensive care unit nurses' work stress, satisfaction, obstacles, support, team effectiveness, ability to provide family-centered care, and satisfaction with noise, light, and sightlines in an open ward with a new unit of pods and SFRs.;Safe care;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;There were no significant differences in nurse stress, satisfaction, support from colleagues, perceptions of team effectiveness, and ability to provide family-centered care between the open ward and the pod/SFR unit. Organizational obstacles, such as difficulties obtaining information from colleagues, were significantly lower in the pod/SFR. In contrast, environmental and technology obstacles were greater in the new pod/SFR unit;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;no;-;yes;unclear;no;-
Feeley et al.;2020;A comparative study of mothers of infants hospitalized in an open ward neonatal intensive care unit and a combined pod and single-family room design;https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-020-1929-1;PICU/NICU;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;73%;To compare NICU-stress, symptoms of depression, perceptions of nurse-parent support and family-centered care, sleep disturbances, breastfeeding self-efficacy and readiness for discharge in mothers of infants cared for in an open ward (OW) to those cared for in a unit that includes both pods and SFRs.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Pod/SFR mothers reported significantly less NICU-stress compared to OW mothers. OW mothers had greater sights and sounds stress and felt more restricted in their parental role. Pod/SFR mothers reported greater respect from staff. Controlling for maternal education, pod/SFR mothers perceived their infant’s readiness for discharge to be greater than OW mothers. There were no significant differences between groups in depressive symptoms, nurse-parent support, sleep disturbances, and breastfeeding self-efficacy.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;150;no;-;yes;150
Fenko;2014;The influence of ambient scent and music on patients' anxiety in a waiting room of a plastic surgeon;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898774839&doi=10.1177%2f193758671400700304&partnerID=40&md5=c20ae04e2b10cb8b3dc4c417864f8ab3;Surgery;Germany;Europe;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Questionnaire;52%;To investigate the possibilities of improving the patient experience in the waiting room of a plastic surgeon by using ambient environmental stimuli (scent and music).;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;When used separately, each of the environmental factors, music and scent, significantly reduced the level of patient’s anxiety compared to the control condition. However, the combination of scent and music was not effective in reducing anxiety.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;138;no;-;no;-
Ferri;2015;Evidence-based design in an intensive care unit: End-user perceptions;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928550854&doi=10.1186%2fs12871-015-0038-4&partnerID=40&md5=82cd71f587f5fb01302a6bf3ecf1a181;ICU;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Semi-structured interviews;62%;Describe end-user impressions and experiences in a new intensive care unit built using evidence-based design;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The study identified four themes with eleven sub-themes: atmosphere (abundant natural light and low noise levels), physical spaces (single occupancy rooms, clinical pods, medication rooms, and trade-offs of larger spaces), family participation in care (family support areas and social networks), and equipment (usability, storage, and provider connectivity). Abundant natural light was most frequently linked to a pleasant atmosphere. Participants highlighted the trade-offs of space size, noting that the benefits of additional space (e.g., fewer interruptions due to lower noise) outweighed the drawbacks (e.g., greater distances between patients, families, and providers). End-users recommended updating patient care policies and staffing to align with the new facility design.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;35;yes;4
Flacking;2013;Being in a womb' or 'playing musical chairs': The impact of place and space on infant feeding in NICUs;"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884383417&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2393-13-179&partnerID=40&md5=8033ded7dcf0fc8011280bf4b182ea16;https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1471-2393-13-179";PICU/NICU;England/Sweden (The common university of the two authors is in UK), the studied health facilities are in both countries;Comparison;Qualitative;Qualitative;grounded theory;Ethnographic;62%;To explore, in-depth, the impact of place and space on parents’ experiences and practices related to feeding their preterm babies in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) in Sweden and England.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;"The core category of 'the room as a conveyance for an attuned feeding' was underpinned by four categories: the level of 'ownership' of space and place; the feeling of 'at-homeness'; the experience of 'the door or a shield' against people entering, for privacy, for enabling a focus within, and for regulating socialising and the; 'window of opportunity'. Findings showed that the construction and design of space and place was strongly influential on the developing parent-infant relationship and for experiencing a sense of connectedness and a shared awareness with the baby during feeding, an attuned feeding.";no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;102;yes;71
Ford;2017;Decrease in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Colonization after Extensive Renovation of a Unit Dedicated to the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025177710&doi=10.1017%2fice.2017.138&partnerID=40&md5=09a7ff6a791f1c4c15a8ae8b21b0725b;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Measurements;85%;To assess the effect of our construction on and to estimate the contribution of environmental contamination to the incidence of VRE astrointestinal colonization.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;"they observed a sharp decrease in VRE colonization rates (hazard ratio, <0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.44; P<.0001) during the first year after the renovation, with a return to near baseline rates thereafter. The known risk factors for VRE colonization appeared to be stable over the study interval. Environmental cultures outside of patient rooms revealed several contaminated areas that are commonly touched by unit personnel. Multilocus sequence typing of VRE isolates that were cryopreserved over the study interval showed that dominant strains prior to construction disappeared and were replaced by other strains after the renovation.";no;no;yes;no;no;yes;536;no;-;no;-
France;2016;Does patient-centered design guarantee patient safety? Using human factors engineering to find a balance between provider and patient needs;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84996758805&doi=10.1097%2f01.jps.0000191550.92042.36&partnerID=40&md5=a7931bbf8e8d2004a73a64ba76ce04fc;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire and analysis of open ended questions with qualitative methods;53%;To measure providers’ initial impressions of theeffects of family-centered design on job function, patient safety, andpersonal well-being.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;yes;87% of respondents rated the new family-centered children’s hospital as better (i.e., general global rating) than the former integrated children’s hospital. [...] However, approximately 83% of all respondents indicated that they are mentally and physically fatigued at the end of a typical work shift. (See other specific results in the article).;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;270;no;-
Frechette et al.;2020;A hermeneutic-phenomenological study of pediatric intensive care unit nurses' professional identity following hospital re-design: lessons learned for managers;https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/doi/full/10.1111/jonm.13012;PICU/NICU;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;phenomenology;Interviews, photographs, participant observation and document review;86%;To provide insights for health care managers by exploring paediatric intensive care unit nurses’ lived experience of professional identity in the context of organisational change.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Nurses’ critical care identity eroded in this organisation due to the interplay between hospital redesign and new eligibility criteria for patient admissions. The interplay between physical environment and human resources further fractures nurses’ capacity for sustained patient monitoring (ID3). With the all single-patient room design and increased room size of the new PICU (see Figure 1), nurses do most of their monitoring from an alcove situated outside the patient room, about five metres away from the following patient room on either side (Document Review, floor plan of new unit). These new features of the physical environment are problematic for constant monitoring, especially when critical care nurse–patient ratios of 1:1 or 1:2 are not upheld,;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;15;no;-
García Marcos;2014;Decorative elements in the medical imaging area improve patients' perception of pleasantness;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84895832051&doi=10.1016%2fj.rx.2012.07.006&partnerID=40&md5=80f842f3a02d71a1bbfa95606809c547;Laboratory;Spain (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;60%;To evaluate the sensation of pleasantness perceived by patients attended in the radiology department in response to decorative elements hung on the walls in the waiting rooms and in the hallways of the imaging area.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The study showed a high level of satisfaction with the decorative elements.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;142 (150);no;-;no;-
Gardiner;2011;Exploring health professionals' views regarding the optimum physical environment for palliative and end of life care in the acute hospital setting: a qualitative study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896710470&doi=10.1136%2fbmjspcare-2011-000045&partnerID=40&md5=702145933c70783a27551004561e076d;Palliative;UK (Europe);UK;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Focus groups;65%;The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of health professionals regarding the optimum physical environment for palliative and end of life care in the acute hospital setting;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Participants agreed that provision of appropriate privacy options was key to achieving an optimum physical environment. However, there was little consensus as to whether single room accommodation or multi-bed accommodation was the most appropriate. A comfortable and homely environment is important, but difficult to achieve in a clinically focused environment. The hospital environment may also be suboptimal for staff provision of care. The environmental needs of families should be considered alongside the needs of patients.;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;24;no;-
Gbyl;2016;Depressed Patients Hospitalized in Southeast-Facing Rooms Are Discharged Earlier than Patients in Northwest-Facing Rooms;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28637044;Psychiatric;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Medical records and objective measurments of daylight;67%;To investigate the impact of daylight on the length of hospital stay and improvement of depression;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;SE-facing rooms received far more daylight than NW-facing rooms. The length of stay was significantly lower in the SE rooms, i.e., 29.2 (±26.8) versus 58.8 (±42.0) days in the NW rooms (p = 0.01). There was a statistically nonsignificant greater reduction of 52.2% in depression severity for the patients staying in the SE rooms compared to 42.2% in the NW rooms, which may nevertheless be clinically relevant.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;67;no;-;no;-
Gesser-Edelsburg & Birman;2018;Does the Transformation of Dietitians from Counseling to Therapy Also Apply to the Physical and Therapeutic Environment? A Case Study of Israeli Practice;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28822755/;General;Israel;Middle East;Qualitative;Qualitative;pheonomology;Interviews;86%;To ascertain the impact of the physical environment on the dynamics and communication between dietitian and patient based on perceptions of dietitians.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Most dietitians in Israel treat their patients in a physical environment arranged according to the medical model. The participants reported that the physical environment affects the interaction. However, the idea of transforming the physical environment according to the dynamic model raised reservations. Barriers include upsetting therapeutic boundaries, challenging professional authority, and lack of therapeutic tools suitable for the change.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;72;no;-
Gharaveis;2016;The Role of Daylighting in Skilled Nursing Short-Term Rehabilitation Facilities;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84951853541&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715607835&partnerID=40&md5=be5fe8400b4d8f143a2678bd4c00ef03;Rehabilitation;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional ;Questionnaires and interviews;62%;To investigate the best placement of windows in short-term rehabilitation facilities in terms of daylighting and outdoor views by exploring the impact of windows on resident perception of stress, mood, activities, and satisfaction.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;While residents expressed the need to have direct visual access to the outdoors, they indicated that daylight was of even higher benefit. Additionally, they noted that size and location of windows impacted their stress levels, moods, and activities. More than half of the facility residents reported changing their postures for either better outdoor views or less light disturbance while sleeping.;yes;yes;no;no;yes;yes;34;no;-;no;-
Gharaveis et al.;2018;The Impact of Visibility on Teamwork, Collaborative Communication, and Security in Emergency Departments: An Exploratory Study;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29069916/;ED;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross sectional;Interviews and Observations;62%;To examine the influence of visibility on teamwork, collaborative communication, and security issues in emergency departments (EDs).;Safe care;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Nurses tended to communicate more frequently in the rooms or in the hallways (rather than in the central work area) in order to remain closer to their assigned patients.;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;unclear number;no;-
Gharaveis  et al.;2019;Design suggestions for greater teamwork, communication and security in hospital emergency departments;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1420326X19836209;ED;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interviews;62%;To investigate design considerations in the ED, as well as the role of built environments in the enhancement of teamwork, communication and security;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The study findings support the view that teamwork, communication and security can be improved by the physical layout in an emergency department, as well as other environmental factors including acoustics, lighting, accessibility of supplies, entrance control and privacy.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;unclear;yes;unclear number;no;-
Gharaveis et al.;2019;The Influence of Visibility on Medical Teamwork in Emergency Departments: A Mixed-Methods Study;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31795758/;ED;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Interviews and surveys;67%;This study researchers hypothesized that with changes of visibility in EDs, teamwork among medical staff members will be impacted.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;This mixed-methods study delivers empirical evidence on the influence of visibility on healthcare teamwork in Emergency Departments (EDs).;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;14;no;-
Gharaveis et al.;2019;The influence of visibility on staff face-to-face communication and efficiency in emergency departments;https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/F-07-2018-0077/full/html;ED;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross sectional;Interviews, observations;71%;To explore the potential impacts of visibility on face-to-face communication among medical staff in community hospital emergency departments (EDs).;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The findings suggest that communication among medical staff can be improved by enhancement of different types of visibility (general and staff-to-staff) in EDs. Also, visibility facilitates patient assessments, overall supervision, comfort and asking for help while reducing stress and distractions.;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;12;no;-
Giesbrecht;2018;Hospitals, clinics, and palliative care units: Place-based experiences of formal healthcare settings by people experiencing structural vulnerability at the end-of-life;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1353829218300364;Palliative;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Ethnography;Observations (qualitative) and interviews;76%;To explore how the ‘places’ of formal healthcare settings shape experiences of, and access to, palliative care for the structurally vulnerable (e.g., homeless, substance users).;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Drawing on 30 months of ethnographic data, thematic findings reveal how symbolic, aesthetic, and physical elements of formal healthcare ‘places’ intersect with social relations of power to produce, reinforce, and amplify structural vulnerability and thus, inequities in access to care.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;25;no;-;no;-
Gimenez;2017;Patient room lighting influences on sleep, appraisal and mood in hospitalized people;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27862514;Medical;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non - RCT, Two arms, not randomized but with an intervention from the researchers;Questionnaire and actigraph;63%;To investigate how a patient room lighting intervention affects sleep, appraisal and mood across hospitalization.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;A 24 h lighting system with enhanced daytime brightness and restricted nocturnal light exposure can improve some aspects of appraisal and objective sleep in hospital patients. The median length of hospitalization was 5 days in both study arms. Subjective scores on sleep, alertness, anxiety and depression did not differ between arms. Lighting appraisal in intervention rooms was better as compared to standardly-lit rooms, both in patients (P < 0.001) and staff (P < 0.005). Actigraphic sleep duration of patients improved by 5.9 min per hospitalization day with interventional lighting instead of standard lighting. After 5 days of hospitalization, sleep duration in the lighting intervention rooms increased by 29 min, or a relative 7.3%, as compared to standardly-lit rooms. ;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;196 (580);no;-;no;-
Goeren et al.;2018;Quiet Time: A Noise Reduction Initiative in a Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit;https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2018219;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Measurments;72%;The goal of the project was to reduce noise levels in 6 months by initiating a quiet time for 2 hours twice a day.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;There were statistically significant reductions in noise levels at one of the experimental nurses’ station and bed entrance. Noise levels were lower, but not significantly so, for other nurses’ stations and bed entrance. Noise levels during quiet time decreased to an average of 10 to 15 decibels lower than baseline data.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;unclear;yes;unclear;no;-
Goto;2017;The Power of Traditional Design Techniques: The Effects of Viewing a Japanese Garden on Individuals With Cognitive Impairment;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021243967&doi=10.1177%2f1937586716680064&partnerID=40&md5=a7f81ab5989e0880e873b80f36d8c255;Geriatric;Japan;Asia;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non-RCT. Four different conditions, whereof the first was a control condition before the redesign of the garden;Medical records, measurments of health indicators, questionnaires;52%;To examine how viewing a Japanese garden affects Japanese patients with dementia.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Viewers’ eyes scanned larger area while viewing the Japanese garden, and viewing the Japanese gardensignificantly reduced heart rate and improved behavioral symptoms than the control space. they alsofound that the effect of viewing the same Japanese garden differed across three conditions: the viewthrough an open door, a closed door, and a closed door with added scent.;yes;yes;no;no;yes;yes;25 but only 6 participated in all four conditions;no;-;no;-
Griepentrog et al.;2018;Bright environmental light improves the sleepiness of nightshift ICU nurses;10.1186/s13054-018-2233-4;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Measurments;68%;The aim was to determine whether or not prolonged exposure to bright light during a night shift reduces sleepiness and enhances psychomotor performance among ICU nurses.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;A bright lighting environment for ICU nurses working the night shift reduces sleepiness but increases the number of psychomotor errors.;yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;yes;43 and 43 in a controlgroup;no;-
Gum;2012;From the nurses' station to the health team hub: How can design promote interprofessional collaboration?;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855644490&doi=10.3109%2f13561820.2011.636157&partnerID=40&md5=6532ee34910ec0fbb89a5896b3b11dec;ED;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative ;no specific;Interivews and observations and focus groups;62%;"""The aim of the study is to explore the influence of interprofessional learning (IPL) on the collaborative culture in rural hospital settings""";Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;The physical structure of each hospital’s nurses’ station was ascertained to have a major influence on collaborative practice. Indeed, it was related to the way in which conversations could take place as well as enablers and barriers to effective communication. Communication issues are related to the lack of space and privacy due to the layout of the nurses’ stations.The nurses’ desk was found to be symbolic of nurses’ work.;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;Unclear;no;-
Gunn;2015;Designing Clinical Space for the Delivery of Integrated Behavioral Health and Primary Care;https://www.jabfm.org/content/28/Supplement_1/S52;General;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;Qualitative observational study;Field notes, interviews, photographs;62%;To describe features of the physical space in which practices integrating primary care and behavioral health care work and to identify the arrangements that enable integration of care;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;"Two dominant spatial layouts emerged across practices: Type-1 layouts had primary care clinicians (PCCs) and behavioral health clinicians (BHCs) working in separate areas, while Type-2 layouts featured shared workspaces. In Type-2 layouts, BHCs and PCCs engaged in more face-to-face coordination for integrated patient care (41.5% of observed encounters vs. 11.7%; P < .05). Practices had to balance professional proximity with the need for private workspaces, which were essential for focused tasks, patient consultations, and clinician discussions. ";no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;yes, number unclear;no;-
Haddox;2018;Impact of Design on Patient Participation in Healthcare in a Rural Health Clinic in Appalachia: A Qualitative Pilot Study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043570849&doi=10.1177%2f1937586717696701&partnerID=40&md5=4b4d71260f8fe3d20b6b0864616699ab;Geriatric;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Focus groups;62%;Explore how elderly patients of a rural outpatient health clinic in Appalachia perceive design elements of the facility as imposing barriers to healthcare participation.;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;"Findings from this pilot study indicate that patients are sensitive to various design elements of their healthcare facility and that their participation in healthcare is influenced by design. Specifically eight design-related elements were identified: 1 Privacy/confidentiality at check-in; 2 Identification of healthcare staff via pictures/names in reception area; 3 Local versus generic art in the facility; 4 Presence of clutter throughout the facility; 5 Seating options and arrangements in reception/exam rooms; 6 Natural lighting in reception and exam rooms; 7 Waiting for appointments in the presence of sick/contagious patients; 8 Elevator to the new treatment space.";yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;39;no;-;no;-
Hajradinovic et al.;2018;Family members´ experiences of the end-of-life care environments in acute care settings–a photo-elicitation study;https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2018.1511767;ED;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative ;no specific;Photographs and interviews;72%;To explore experiences of the acute-care environment as a setting for end- of-life (EoL) care from the perspective of family members of a dying person;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Three constructed themes found—Aesthetic and un-aesthetic impressions; Space for privacy and social relationships; and Need for guidance in crucial times. Aspects of importance in the physical setting related to aesthetics, particularly in regard to sensory experience, and to a need for enough privacy to facilitate the maintenance of social relationships. Interactions between the world of family members and that of professionals were described as intrinsically related to guidance about both the material and immaterial environment at crucial times. The care environment, already recognized to have an impact in relation to patients, is concluded to also affect the participating family members in this study in a variety of ways";no;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;9;no;-;no;-
Hall et al.;2019;Healthcare Providers' Perceptions of Single-Room Versus Traditional Maternity Models: A Concurrent Mixed-Methods Study;doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000413;Maternal;Canada (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Instruments, interviews;62%;compare providers satisfaction and collaboration between SRM and TMC, explore providrs description of SRM and TMC and explore how those design shape practice;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;"Single-room maternity care providers valued interprofessional teamwork, patient/family involvement, and continuity of care. Traditional maternity care providers enjoyed specialization but described teamwork as uniprofessional and disconnected across professions; transfers between units weakened communication and fragmented care.";no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;18;no;-
Ham;2015;Predictors of patient satisfaction with tertiary hospitals in Korea;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722886;General;Korea;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;58%;To examine predictors of outpatient satisfaction with tertiary health care institutions in Korea;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The most significant predictor of patient satisfaction in the domain of the facility/physical environment was the presence of a comfortable waiting area () followed by maintenance of clean restrooms () and parking and access to public transportation ().;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;1194;no;-;no;-
Hamel;2010;Exposure to hospital roommates as a risk factor for health care–associated infection;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196655309008980?via%3Dihub;Medical;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort study;Medical records;78%;This study evaluated the association between roommate exposures and the risk of HAIs;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The number of roommate exposures per day was significantly associated with MRSA and VRE infection or colonization. A significant association also was found for number of unique roommate exposures per day and VRE.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;37697 and 26242 (two cohorts);no;-;no;-
Hammond;2014;The hardware and software implications of hospital birth room design: A midwifery perspective;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902014035&doi=10.1016%2fj.midw.2013.07.013&partnerID=40&md5=1eb02111fb78b17302a5394781474c8e;Maternal;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interviews with videos for reflection and memory support;67%;To investigate the impact of daylight on the length of hospital stay and improvement of depression of hospital birth rooms on midwives.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;"midwives were strongly affected by the design of the birth room. Four major themes were identified: finding a space amongst congestion and clutter; trying to work underwater; creating ambience in a clinical space and being equipped for flexible practice. Aesthetic features, room layout and the design of equipment and fixtures all impacted on the midwives and their practice in both birth centre and labour ward settings.";yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;8;no;-
Hammond;2017;Friendliness, functionality and freedom: Design characteristics that support midwifery practice in the hospital setting;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018519172&doi=10.1016%2fj.midw.2017.03.025&partnerID=40&md5=dce864a7db6bcb61aca3a9c13db36beb;Maternal;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interviews;62%;To identify and describe the design characteristics of hospital birth rooms that support midwives and their practice.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Hospital birth rooms that possess the characteristics of friendliness, functionality and freedom offer enhanced support for midwives and may therefore increase effective care provision.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;16 wherof 5 interviewed twice;no;-
Han et al.;2018;A measurement for evaluating the environmental quality of advanced healthcare facilities: Intelligent healthscape quality for medical staff;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.08.023;General;South Korea;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;cross-sectional;Intelligent Healthscape Quality scale;72%;To suggest a theoretical background of Intelligent Healthscape Quality (IHQ) and determine evaluation measurements from the perspective of healthscape, which is a more integrated and contextual indicator than indoor environment quality (IEQ).;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;The results of the study support the robustness of the concept of intelligent healthscape quality as a multidimensional space that has a significant impact on medical staff satisfaction. Dimensionality of the intelligent healthscape as well as the scale development procedure of this study can contribute to analyze the quality of the built environment.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;9;no;-
Hanger;2017;Low-Impact Flooring: Does It Reduce Fall-Related Injuries?;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28279604;Geriatric;New Zealand (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Two arms, non-randomized by nurse based on bed availability;Medial records;67%;To compare fall rates and injuries from falls on low-impact flooring (LIF) compared with a standard vinyl flooring;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Low impact flooring significantly reduced fall-related injuries compared with a standard vinyl flooring, whereas they did not alter the overall risk of falling.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;178;no;-;no;-
Hanson;2013;Preferences for photographic art among hospitalized patients with cancer;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893095407&doi=10.1188%2f13.ONF.E337-E345&partnerID=40&md5=3e32cd8442959fe50b614bc0922943a4;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Quesitonnaire;56%;To determine the preferences of patients with cancer for viewing photographic art in an inpatient hospital setting and to evaluate the impact of viewing photographic art.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Ninety-six percent of participants enjoyed looking at the study photographs. The photographs they preferred most often were lake sunset (76%), rocky river (66%), and autumn waterfall (66%). The most rejected photographs were amusement park (54%), farmer's market vegetable table (51%), and kayakers (49%). The qualitative categories selected were landscape (28%), animals (15%), people (14%), entertainment (10%), imagery (10%), water (7%), spiritual (7%), flowers (6%), and landmark (3%). Some discrepancy between the quantitative and qualitative sections may be related to participants considering water to be a landscape.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;80 (146);no;-;no;-
Harris;2015;The influence of flooring on environmental stressors: A study of three flooring materials in a hospital;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929299731&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715573730&partnerID=40&md5=3e6910bc549052f693f88e8ac1a89f77;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Longitudinal comparative cohort study;Staff survey and patient consumer assessment ratings, measurments of environment;57%;Three flooring materials, terrazzo, rubber, and carpet tile, in patient unit corridors were compared for absorption of sound, comfort, light reflectance, employee perceptions and preferences, and patient satisfaction.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;A significant difference was found for sound levels between flooring type for equivalent continuous sound levels. Carpet tile performed better for sound attenuation by absorption, reducing sound levels 3.14 dBA. Preferences for flooringmaterials changed over the course of the study. The HCAHPS ratings aligned with the sound meter data showing that patients perceived the noise levels to be lower with carpet tiles, improving patient satisfaction ratings;yes;no;yes;no;no;yes;Unclear;yes;102 (34% completed all three surveys);no;-
Harte;2016;Childbirth Supporters' Experiences in a Built Hospital Birth Environment: Exploring Inhibiting and Facilitating Factors in Negotiating the Supporter Role;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26794236;Maternal;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Video, field notes, and video-cued reflexive interviews.;76%;To explore inhibiting and facilitating design factors influencing childbirth supporters’ experiences.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Findings suggest supporters’ experiences are complex, made more complicated by sparse understanding or accommodation of their needs in the built environment. Supporters’ presence and roles are not facilitated by the physical space; they experience ‘‘an unbelonging paradox’’ of being needed, yet uncertain and ‘‘in the way’’ during ‘‘tenuous nest-building’’ activities.";yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;1;yes;midwives present at one child birth;yes;supporters present at one childbirth
Hartigan et al.;2018;Patients' perception of privacy and confidentiality in the emergency department of a busy obstetric unit;https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3782-6;ED;Ireland;Europe;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Survey and open ended questions;69%;To discover if changing the environment could improve patients’ experiences in the ED. they surveyed patients and asked specific questions about their perception of privacy in the ED.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Our study showed that patients’ perception of privacy and confidentiality significantly improved following refurbishment of the ED. Only 21% (n = 16) found their privacy to be adequate during their visit to the ED. However this rose to 89% (n = 73) post-renovation;no;yes;no;yes;yes;yes;75 pre and 82 post;no;-;no;-
Haywood;2018;Does the Design of Settings Where Acute Care Is Delivered Meet the Needs of Older People? Perspectives of Patients, Family Carers, and Staff;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044087970&doi=10.1177%2f1937586717754184&partnerID=40&md5=fc9541ddb8f01b4e1c2564bc526da5fd;Rehabilitation;UK;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interviews and focus groups;67%;acute hospital site, in-patient rehabilitation hospital, and intermediate care provision (a nursing home with some beds dedicated to intermediate care) chosen to represent different steps on the acute care pathway for older people and gain the perspectives of patients, family carers, and staff.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Multiple aspects of the physical environment were reported as important by patients, family carers, and staff. For example, visitors stressed the importance of access and parking, patients valued environments where privacy and dignity were protected, storage space was poor across all sites, and security was important to patients but visitors want easy access to wards.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;24 (26);yes;19;yes;16
Henize et al.;2018;Transformation of a Pediatric Primary Care Waiting Room: Creating a Bridge to Community Resources;https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-018-2508-z;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Survey;68%;To redesign our waiting room to create a clinic-to-community bridge and evaluate the impact of that redesign on family-centered outcomes;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Compared to pre-redesign, caregivers surveyed post-redesign were significantly more likely to perceive the waiting room as a place to obtain help connecting to community resources and find information about clinical and educational resources (both p < 0.05). Families were also significantly more likely to report the waiting room as more welcoming and relaxing, with sufficient privacy and space (all p < 0.05). Waiting rooms, typically a place of wasted time and space, can be redesigned to enhance families’ engagement and connection to community resources;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;313;no;-;no;-
Herlihey;2017;The Impact of Environmental Design on Doffing Personal Protective Equipment in a Healthcare Environment: A Formative Human Factors Trial;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018458333&doi=10.1017%2fice.2017.68&partnerID=40&md5=3c261ba35d2c2a82b4bb88c9cb8cd271;Laboratory;Canada (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Experimental;Non-RCT;Questionnaire and interviews;82%;To explore the impact of environmental design on doffing personal protective equipment in a simulated healthcare environment;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;"The following environmental design changes were tested and were deemed effective: increasing prominence of color-coded zones; securing disinfectant wipes and hand sanitizer; outlining disposal bins locations; providing mirrors to detect possible contamination; providing hand rails to assist with doffing; and restricting the space to doff.";no;no;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;72;no;-
Hesselink et al.;2020;Environmental Needs, Barriers, and Facilitators for Optimal Healing in the Postoperative Process: A Qualitative Study of Patients’ Lived Experiences and Perceptions;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719900885;Surgery;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Qualitative;Qualitative;No specific;Interviews;76%;Gaining an understanding of postoperative patients’ environmental needs, barriers, and facilitators for optimal healing.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;participants want a sense of control over their treatment, ambient features, privacy, nutrition, and help requests. Participants described the need for positive distractions: personalizing the room, connecting with the external environment, and the ability to undertake activities. Finally, participants expressed the importance of functional, practical, and emotional support from professionals, peers, and relatives. According to participants, the hospital environment often does not meet their healing needs while being hospitalized.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;21;no;-;no;-
Hignett;2010;Observational study of treatment space in individual neonatal cot spaces;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955463873&doi=10.1097%2fJPN.0b013e3181e8d5c1&partnerID=40&md5=e94e04222e6db68ff6408120d91f79d0;PICU/NICU;UK;UK;Mixed methods;Experimental;Non-RCT;Observations and focus groups;63%;To provide empirical evidence of the spatial requirements for an individual cot or incubator space;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The average space requirement for an incubatore was 13.5 m2. The circulation and storage spacerequirements added in step 4 increased this to 18.46 m2.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;15;yes;28, 21, 6;no;-
Higuera-Trujillo et al.;2020;Multisensory stress reduction: a neuro-architecture study of paediatric waiting rooms;https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2019.1612228;Pediatric;Spain (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;pre-post;Measurement of stress levels;62%;To analyse the effect that environmental satisfaction sources have on the stress reduction of patients’ companions in a paediatric service;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;A combination of environmental satisfaction sources creates an important synergistic effect at the psychological and neurophysiological levels and underlines the importance of auditory and olfactory stimuli. Conclusions may be of interest to designers and managers of healthcare facilities;yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;no;-;yes;24 parents
Hor;2014;Creating spaces in intensive care for safe communication: A videoreflexive ethnographic study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84910652894&doi=10.1136%2fbmjqs-2014-002835&partnerID=40&md5=2280a3f7ec17a62fd95a95863226cdc7;ICU;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;ethnography;Interviews, observations (videos), focus group.;62%;they are interested therefore in how these resources for the manipulation of spaces are handled with regard to achieving effective and safe communication in healthcare.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;they found that the accessibility of staff and patients in the open spaces of the ICU was both a safety feature and a safety risk, enabling safe communication flow, but also allowing potentially unsafe interruptions. Staff managed interruptions while allowing for a safe degree of accessibility by creating temporary protected spaces, using physical markers such as curtains, tape and signs as well as behavioural cues, movement and the development of policies restricting activities at certain areas. Furthermore, clinicians were able to use the VRE method to gain insight into their own practices and problems, and to develop meaningful solutions for other problematic spaces;no;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;87;no;-
Hoybye;2013;Healing environments in cancer treatment and care. Relations of space and practice in hematological cancer treatment;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/0284186X.2012.741323?needAccess=true;Medical;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;ethnography;Observations and interviews;62%;This study extends the understanding of healing environments, beyond causal links between environmental exposure and health outcome by elucidating how environments and practices interrelate.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The present study holds implications for practice to inform design of future hospital environments for cancer treatment. The study points to the importance for being attentive to the need for flexible spaces in hospitals that recognize the dynamics of healing, by providing individualized care, relating to the particular and changing needs of patients supporting their potential and their challenged condition with the best care possible.;yes;no;yes;yes;no;yes;20;no;-;no;-
Hung;2014;The impact of an acute psychiatry environment on older patients and their families;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908040345&doi=10.3928%2f00989134-20140325-01&partnerID=40&md5=d8600b520b6311e4daf2dcf6c6cb45b5;Psychiatric;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;no specific;Observations (qualitative) and interviews;86%;Ethnographic methods were used to investigate the physical environment of a geriatric psychiatry unit to understand how it meets the needs of patients with mental health conditions.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"According to patients and family members, four environmental attributes were recognized as being central to promote healing and coping: (a) therapeutic ; (b) supportive of functional independence ; (c) facilitative of social connections ; and (d) provision of a sense of safety and security";yes;yes;no;yes;no;yes;7;no;-;yes;4
Hung;2017;Little things matter!' Exploring the perspectives of patients with dementia about the hospital environment;https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/doi/epdf/10.1111/opn.12153;General;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;no specific;Interviews and video and observations (qualitative);90%;To make physical and social environmental changes for improving the care experiences of patients with dementia in a medical unit of a large urban hospital.;Safe care;yes;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;The participants indicated that a supportive hospital environment would need to be a place of enabling independence, a place of safety, a place of supporting social interactions and a place of respect;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;5;no;-;no;-
Hunter;2017;Balancing safety and harm for older adults with dementia in rural emergency departments: Healthcare professionals' perspectives;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017568510&doi=10.22605%2fRRH4055&partnerID=40&md5=4b1226515f48af1a9b1c693637413643;ED;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Interpretive, descriptive exploratory design from a social ecological perspective;Interviews;67%;To understand safety and harm in rural ED transitional care for community dwelling older adults with dementia from the perspective of healthcare professionals.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;From the perspective of participants, the physical environment was not set up to meet the needs of older adults with dementia. Noise, overcrowding and lack of privacy created a sense of chaos and tension as part of the milieu. Traffic, commotion and noise made it difficult for patients with dementia to communicate their needs.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;12;no;-
Hutton;2010;How adolescent patients use ward space;https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05333.x;General;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative ;no specific;Interviews and observations (qualitative;76%;This paper is a report of a study of the use of ward space in a purpose-built adolescent ward and the influence of that space on both adolescent patients and nurses.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Adolescent patients created their own spaces on the ward from personal effects that were of interest to them. These spaces show nurses who they are. Adolescent patients want to be identified as more than 'just' a patient when they are in hospital. What the creation of these spaces does is assist the adolescent patient in escaping the homogeneity of the ward by cutting across its activities.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;unclear;yes;unclear;no;-
Huynh et al.;2020;Impact of Built Design on Nighttime Family Presence in the Intensive Care Unit;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719836287;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Observations;67%;To measure family presence at night before and after moving to an ICU with in-room family space.;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;There was a statistically significant increase in proportion of occupied patient rooms with visitors following the move to the new ICU designed with family space (31% difference, x2= 5.675, 95% CI [5.74, 51.29], p = .0172).;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;unclear;yes;unclear;yes;unclear
Innes;2014;Caring for the mental illness patient in emergency departments - an exploration of the issues from a healthcare provider perspective;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902659002&doi=10.1111%2fjocn.12437&partnerID=40&md5=c6bcc8b007615942f43ad7d8bbd28321;ED;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaires and focus groups;52%;To identify issues, from the emergency department clinicians' viewpoint, with the management of patients presenting to the emergency department with a mental illness.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;Focus group results on physical environment: Study participants identified both positive and negative elements to the space available. A quiet and secluded space for relatives away from the busy department was reported to be beneficial to family members, although some participants were concerned that there was only one room available for this purpose. Staff reported an enhanced feeling of security due to the presence of security cameras and the set?up and location of a designated bed that is often used for patients with an MI and is close to the nurses' station for increased observations.;yes;no;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;61 answered survey. 48 in focus groups;no;-
Isobel;2015;Developing family rooms in mental health inpatient units: an exploratory descriptive study;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4473838/;Psychiatric;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaires and interviews;62%;To explore the development, role, and function of Family Rooms in four mental health inpatient units in a local health district in NSW Australia.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;"""Available parental status data indicated that between 8–14 % of inpatients were parents of dependent children under 18. Family Room usage was multipurpose and used specifically for children & families 29 % of the time. As spaces in the units, Family Rooms were perceived as acknowledging of the importance of family, and providing comfortable, secure spaces for parent-consumers and their children and family to maintain connections. Units did not have local policies or guidelines on the development, maintenance, and/or use of the rooms.""";no;no;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;20;no;-
Jelinek;2013;Caught in the middle: Tensions around the emergency department care of people with advanced cancer;https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/doi/epdf/10.1111/1742-6723.12047;ED;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interviews, focus group;66%;To identify issues important to emergency, palliative care (PC) and oncology clinical staff in managing people with advanced cancer presenting to EDs.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The overarching theme was EDs being 'caught in the middle' when providing care to patients with advanced cancer in the physical environment (privacy, noise, lack of information and delay and lack of defined pathways), the available resources (access block and overcrowding, time pressures, competition with other emergencies, lack of alternatives) and the roles and expectations of the staff providing care (seniority and comfort with dying, views of dying in the ED, expertise and comfort in caring for those with advanced illness);yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;83;no;-
Jellema et al.;2020;The roles of cancer care facilities in users' well-being;https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2019.1620094;Medical;Belgium (Europe);Europe;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interviews complemented by photovoice and walking interviews.;82%;To describe the role(s) cancer care facilities play in the users’ well-being and (2) to identify spatial aspects contributing to these roles.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The facilities should offer ‘homelike’ qualities in designated spaces, and increase awareness of options to use spaces flexibly while ensuring a sense of spatial stability;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;15;yes;5;yes;5
Jenkins;2015;A study of agitation, conflict and containment in association with change in ward physical environment;https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-psychiatric-intensive-care/article/study-of-agitation-conflict-and-containment-in-association-with-change-in-ward-physical-environment/6F8EBEEC8041643FC884E1B1ABBB1A05;Psychiatric;UK (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire, observation, medical records;53%;To assess the impact of a changed ward environment upon levels of inpatient arousal and aggression on a National Health Service psychiatric intensive care unit.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;This study supports the hypothesis that the physical environment of a psychiatric intensive care unit has a significant impact on levels of arousal and aggression. Established measures of ward environment should be applied to the development and improvement of psychiatric wards.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;comparing seclusion episodes, duration of close observation,recorded aggressive incidents and data from the Nursing Observed Illness Intensity Scale (NOIIS) on apsychiatric intensive care unit for two three-month periods;no;-;no;-
Johansson;2012;The sound environment in an ICU patient room--a content analysis of sound levels and patient experiences;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964339712000377;ICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cohort;Measurements, observations and interviews;58%;"Two aims: first to describe, using both descriptive statistics and quantitative content analysis, the noise environment in an ICU patient room over one day, a patient's physical status during the same day and early signs of ICU delirium; second, to describe, using qualitative content analysis, patients’ recall of the noise environment in the ICU patient room.";Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The sound levels in the patient room were higher than desirable and the LAF max levels exceed 55 dB 70–90% of the time. Most patients remembered some sounds from their stay in the ICU and whilst many were aware of the sounds they were not disturbing to them. However, some also experienced feelings of fear related to sounds emanating from treatments and investigations of the patient beside them;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;13 (19);no;-;no;-
Johansson;2012;Meanings of being critically ill in a sound-intensive ICU patient room - a phenomenological hermeneutical study;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3439833/;ICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;pheonomology;Interivews;62%;The aim of this study was to illuminate the meanings of being critically ill in a sound-intensive ICU patient room, as disclosed through patients’ narratives.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The meanings indicate that the unpredictable shifts between silence and disturbing sounds stress the critically ill patient and impede sleep and recovery.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;13;no;-;no;-
Johansson et al.;2018;Evaluation of a sound environment intervention in an ICU: A feasibility study;https://www-sciencedirect-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/science/article/pii/S1036731416301801;ICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Acoustic measurements;78%;"(1) explore whether it is possible to implement a full-scale intervention study in ICU concerning sound levels and their impact on development of ICU delirium; (2) discuss challenges and solutions on the forthcoming study; (3) conduct an analysis of the presence of ICU delirium in the study group; (4) describe the sound patterns in the ICU rooms";Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Undertaking a full-scale intervention study with continuous measurements of acoustic data in an ICU is possible. However, this feasibility study demonstrated some aspects to consider before start. The randomization process and the sound measurement procedure must be developed. Furthermore, proper education and training are needed for determining ICU delirium;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;31;no;-;no;-
Jones;2016;The Influence of Neonatal Nursery Design on Mothers' Interactions in the Nursery;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84995468554&doi=10.1016%2fj.pedn.2016.05.005&partnerID=40&md5=3e43982eb94bd8985019c19604bad694;PICU/NICU;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire and interviews;67%;To examine the influence of neonatal nursery design on interactions between nurses and mothers of infants in the nursery.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Mothers and nurses felt the SFR nursery enhanced privacy and maternal closeness but posed challenges to some valued interactions. The SFR provided a space that enhanced mothers' sense of control and connection with their infants, but shifted interaction norms, affecting the quantity and quality of interactions. Nurses in the SFR reported better interactions, including improved confidentiality and personalized communication, while mothers in the OB reported more supportive actions from nurses. Both groups in the OB  valued the community aspect of shared space.;no;no;no;yes;no;yes;66 in survey, 33 in interviews;yes;51 in survey, 27 in interviews;yes;26+40 mothers
Jones;2016;The Effects of Single-Family Rooms on Parenting Behavior and Maternal Psychological Factors;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27063398;Pediatric;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post with follow up;Questionnaire and medical records;76%;To examine the relationships among special care nursery design, parental presence, breastfeeding, psychological distress, hospital-related stress, and maternal parenting self-efficacy at the infant’s discharge from hospital and at 4 months post discharge.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Compared with mothers with infants in open ward nurseries, mothers with infants in single-family room nurseries were morelikely to be present and to initiate and maintain breastfeeding. Likewise, the SFR nursery was protective against stress related to changes in the parenting role for mothers who had low levels of presence.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;Open ward = 31, Single family room = 25;no;-;no;-
Jongerden;2013;Effect of intensive care environment on family and patient satisfaction: A before-after study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881476021&doi=10.1007%2fs00134-013-2966-0&partnerID=40&md5=f2dc38b78b2b4d9b0ea1ac1b5b425ed6;ICU;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;73%;To determine to what extent intensive care unit environment affects family and patient satisfaction.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Family and patient satisfaction with ICU experience increased by 6 % in the new ICU environment with noise-reduced, single rooms with daylight, adapted colouring and improved family facilities.;yes;no;yes;yes;no;yes;274;no;-;yes;323
Joshi et al.;2018;Does the architectural layout of a NICU affect alarm pressure? A comparative clinical audit of a single-family room and an open bay area NICU using a retrospective study design;https://bmjopen-bmj-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/content/8/6/e022813.abstract;PICU/NICU;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional ;Retrospective audit;72%;To determine differences in alarm pressure between two otherwise comparable neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) differing in architectural layout—one of a single-family room (SFR) design and the other of an open bay area (OBA) design;Safe care;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;A total of more than 150 000 critical and 1.2million alerting alarms were acquired from the two NICUs. The number of audible alarms and the associated noise pollution varied considerably with the OBA NICU generating 44% more alarms per infant per day even though the SFR NICU generated 2.5 as many critical desaturation alarms per infant per day;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;158 + 170 infants;no;-;no;-
Jou;2015;Environmental Transmission of Clostridium difficile: Association between Hospital Room Size and C. difficile Infection;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994235464&doi=10.1017%2fice.2015.18&partnerID=40&md5=45411955eda4e0d0af0e029ef9bf4312;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Case-control study;Hospital records;83%;To evaluate the association between hospital room square footage and acquisition of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Greater room square footage increased the risk of acquisition of CDI in the hospital setting, likely owing to increased environmental contamination and/or difficulty in effective disinfection.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;225;no;-;no;-
Julian;2015;Impact of neonatal intensive care bed configuration on rates of late-onset bacterial sepsis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26108888;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Retrospective cohort study;Medical records;89%;To determine whether rates of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), late-onset sepsis, and mortality are reduced in single-patient rooms.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;MRSA colonization rate was impacted by hand hygiene compliance, regardless of room configuration, whereas average daily census affected only infants in single-patient rooms. Single-patient rooms did not reduce the rates of MRSA colonization, late-onset sepsis, or death.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;1823;no;-;no;-
Kain;2011;Exploring the barriers to palliative care practice in neonatal nursing: A focus group study;https://web-a-ebscohost-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=8398f9f6-1102-4015-9894-a610dd3d7e3c%40sessionmgr4007;PICU/NICU;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Focus groups;75%;Barriers to a palliative model of care for the neonatal population have been previously described in a sample of Australian neonatal nurses. The aim of this study, therefore, was to explore what could be done about these barriers;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;"The three themes that emerged from the data analysis were coded from the barriers identified in the survey from the previous phase of this research: inadequate staffing; unconducive environment; and technological implications and parental expectations.";yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;24;no;-
Kalantari;2017;Post-Occupancy Evaluation of a Mental Healthcare Facility Based on Staff Perceptions of Design Innovations;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021193568&doi=10.1177%2f1937586716687714&partnerID=40&md5=bbc062c5f4970bfdf86496070997de27;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;In-depth interviews and questionnaires;58%;To examine the effectiveness of three specific design innovations in a mental healthcare facility;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The hospital staff were quite enthusiastic about two of the design innovations studied here (a new wayfinding strategy and the use of vibrant colors in specific areas of the facility). The third innovation, open-style communication centers, elicited more mixed evaluations. The results include extensive hypothesis testing about the effects of each innovation as well as narrative discussions of their pros and cons;no;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;12 answered the interview, and 86 the survey (800);no;-
Kawai et al.;2019;Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Noise Pollution With the Use of a Pediatric Delirium Bundle;https://journals-sagepub-com.www.bibproxy.du.se/doi/full/10.1177/0885066617728030;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Sound sensors;62%;The objectives are to assess the degree of PICU noise pollution, to develop a delirium bundle targeted at reducing noise, and to assess the effect of the bundle on nocturnal noise pollution;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;A total of 20,609 hourly dB readings were collected. Hourly minimum, average, and maximum dB of all occupied bed spaces demonstrated medians [interquartile range] of 48.0 [39.0-53.0], 52.8 [48.1-56.2] and 67.0 [63.5-70.5] dB, respectively. Bed spaces were louder during the day (10AM to 4PM) than at night (11PM to 5AM) (53.5 [49.0-56.8] vs. 51.3 [46.0-55.3] dB, P < 0.01). Pilot patient rooms were significantly quieter than non-pilot patient rooms at night (n¼210, 45.3 [39.7-55.9]) vs. n¼1841, 51.2 [46.9-54.8] dB, P < 0.01). The pilot rooms compliant with the bundle had the lowest hourly nighttime average dB (44.1 [38.5-55.5]);yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"116 patients (pilot group=8); nonpilot group=108)";no;-;no;-
Kelley;2011;Senior-friendly emergency department care: An environmental assessment;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650807552&doi=10.1258%2fjhsrp.2010.009132&partnerID=40&md5=4409c14401e2351a396946653a09071b;ED;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;ethnography;Interviews, observations (probably qualitative), questionnaire and hospital administrative data.;50%;To assess the environment of an emergency department (ED) and its impact on care of adults aged 75 and over, using a ‘senior-friendly’ conceptual framework that included the physical environment, social climate, hospital policies and procedures, and wider health care system.;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;The physical space of the ED was problematic and participants noted overcrowding, noise and limited space. Problems consistently revolved around promoting safe and independent function, and having appropriate equipment and furniture for comfort and ease of work. Orientation and wayfinding cues, and access to the ED (e.g. parking, bus stop) and amenities (e.g. bath-rooms, walk-ways and distance to other areas) presented challenges. Staff, seniors, seniors’ proxies and community informants all described troublesome aspects of the physical environment.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;56;yes;69 intervjuades 26 besvarade en survey;no;-
Khan;2016;Plant Therapy: a Nonpharmacological and Noninvasive Treatment Approach Medically Beneficial to the Wellbeing of Hospital Patients;https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-016-0377-1;Surgery;Pakistan;Asia;Mixed methods;Experimental;RCT, Two arms, whereof one control group;Questionnaire, interviews, and medical records;50%;To evaluate the therapeutic effect of foliage plants and flower arrangement on the psycologic and cognitive response of surgical patients.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Patients admitted to ward A had significantly more optimistic and promising health improvements than those in ward B. Provision of foliage plants and flower arrangements to the patients in ward A resulted in shorter postoperative stays, lower intake of analgesics, lower pain intensity, less stress fatigue, and improved vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, body temperature) as compared to patients in ward B. Moreover, analyses showed that patients in ward A had a stronger psychologic frame of mind regarding their recovery from surgery and had more positive emotions and feelings regarding their stay in the hospital. They also felt that the ward atmosphere was more calming, pleasant, and satisfactory.;yes;no;no;no;yes;yes;270;no;-;no;-
Killington et al.;2019;Rehabilitation environments: Service users' perspective;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/hex.12859;Rehabilitation;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interviews, focus groups;58%;To understand patients’ perceptions of how the rehabilitation environment enhanced and/or reduced the quality of their rehabilitation journey. To understand informal carers’ perceptions of the effect of the rehabilitation environment on their family members rehabilitation experience.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;yes;no;"(a) choice can be an Illusion in a rehabilitation ward; (b) access to outside areas is a priority and affects well-being; (c) socialization can be facilitated by the environment; and (d) Ward configuration should align with the model of care.";no;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;54;yes;90;yes;23
Kim;2014;Exploring perceptions of designers and medical staff in south korea about design elements for the elder-friendly hospital;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919494249&doi=10.1111%2fjoid.12034&partnerID=40&md5=9b34950ae7f46dc89be375f8aa008491;Geriatric;South Korea;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;66%;The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of design elements for elder-friendly hospitals through a survey to professional working with elderly and design;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The significant finding is that both the medical and design groups considered patients' safety, such as preventing falls and infection, as a primary design concern.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;191 medical and design professionals;no;-
Kim;2015;Occupant comfort and satisfaction in green healthcare environments: A survey study focusing on healthcare staff;file:///C:/Users/aaa/Downloads/41577-154398-1-PB.pdf;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional comparision ;Questionnaire;58%;To identify effective factors influencing healthcare occupants' comfort and satisfactions through comparing the perceptions of the healthcare staff from green hospitals with those from conventional hospitals.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The study mainly targeted nursing staff because they spend about eight hours daily in such environment to improve patients' health outcomes. By comparing the perceptions of the healthcare staff from green hospital (or LEED-certified hospitals) and conventional non-LEED-certified hospitals, the results from this study showed significant differences between two types of hospitals studied. This study additionally reviewed these effective elements, examined if they were indoor environmental quality elements or interior design elements, and discussed if green healthcare environments actually contributed toward improving occupant's comfort and satisfaction.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;54;no;-
Kitchens;2018;Patient and family description of receiving care in acuity adaptable care model;https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12618;General;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interviews;81%;To explore patient and family perspectives of hospital care in an acuity adaptable care model implemented in an urban, public safety?net hospital.;Safe care;yes;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Three content areas emerged from the narratives and were categorized as feeling safe, perceiving continuity of care and valuing family, which culminated in a sense of comfort and healing while in the hospital;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;18;no;-;yes;10
Kohn;2013;Do windows or natural views affect outcomes or costs among patients in ICUs?;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880569790&doi=10.1097%2fCCM.0b013e318287f6cb&partnerID=40&md5=ddff5ca62350e1482ac0ebbf44837638;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort;Medical records;72%;To determine whether potential exposure to natural light via windows or to more pleasing views through windows affects outcomes or costs among critically ill patients.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;ICU rooms with windows or natural views do not improve outcomes or reduce costs of in-hospital care for general populations of medical and surgical ICU patients. ;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;12713;no;-;no;-
Koller;2014;Children's emotional responses to a paediatric hospital atrium;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907954652&doi=10.1111%2fchso.12002&partnerID=40&md5=049d5167d270770ba9109b16dc43c720;Pediatric;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interview, observational and photographic data;62%;This paper illuminates children’s emotional responses to an atrium in a contemporary Canadian paediatric hospital.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Children and youth reported a range of emotional responses, and their reactions were oftenassociated with recommendations for the atrium. Some responded to the de ?cor and thedegree of play and leisure, while others reflected on how the size and design features madethem feel. The themes presented here are categorised under the following themes: (i) de ?cor(choice of colours, artwork), (ii) size and suitability, (iii) play and leisure activities and (iv)safety and protection versus fear and entrapment.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;80 (111);no;-;no;-
Kossow;2017;Control of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients by a novel bundle including remodeling of sanitary and water supply systems;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031926921&doi=10.1093%2fcid%2fcix465&partnerID=40&md5=eee3be9c1a59badf0ff4b3f70b3439df;Surgery;Germany (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records and measurements;72%;To see if the interventions reduce environmental contamination by and subsequent spreading of MDRPa.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Hospital construction measures aimed at controlling environmental contamination by and spread of MDRPa are effective at minimizing the risk of highly lethal MDRPa infections.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;474;no;-;no;-
Kotzer;2011;Evaluation of the built environment: Staff and family satisfaction pre- and post-occupancy of the Children's hospital;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856390447&doi=10.1177%2f193758671100400405&partnerID=40&md5=9800fcbc660710cd8e810eaca459e2eb;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;50%;To evaluate and compare the impact of an existing and newly built hospital environment on family and staff satisfaction related to light, noise, temperature, aesthetics, and amenities, as well as safety, security, and privacy.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Pre/post mean scores for staff satisfaction improved on all survey subscales with statistically significant improve-ment (p < .05) in most areas. The most improvement was seen with layout of the patient room, natural light, storage and writing surfaces, and comfort and appeal. Family satisfac-tion demonstrated statistically significant improvement on all subscales (p ? .01), especially for natural light, quiet space, parking, and the child’s room as a healing environment.;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;pre 306 (812) post 434 (890);no;-
Krugman;2015;Part 2: Evaluation and outcomes of an evidence-based facility design project;https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=25621750#;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;pre-post;Questionnaire, pedometers, activity registration (quantitative);88%;To explore satisfaction with surses work environment, their activities and walking was examined in both the old and the new units.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Survey results indicated that the perceptions of the nurses about their work environment (post-move versus pre-move) had improved and these were statistically significant for 32 of the 41 items on the survey. According to survey data, nurses were more satisfied with the layout of the medication room, the design of the patient room, and separation of lockers (with shower facilities) from the break room in the new unit versus the old unit. However, nurses were not satisfied with the visibility in the hallway in the new unit and indicated they were walkingmore in the new units versus the older ones.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;279+296;no;-
Kudchadkar;2016;Nurses' Perceptions of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Environment and Work Experience After Transition to Single-Patient Rooms;http://ajcc.aacnjournals.org/content/25/5/e98.long;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;65%;To examine changes in nurses' perceptions of the environment of a pediatric critical care unit for promotion of patients' sleep and the nurses' work experience after a transition from multipatient rooms to single-patient rooms.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Nurses reported that compared with multipatient rooms, single-patient private rooms were more conducive to patients sleeping well at night and promoted a more normal sleep-wake cycle (P < .001). Monitors/alarms and staff conversations were the biggest factors that adversely influenced the environment for sleep promotion in both settings. Nurses were less annoyed by noise in single-patient rooms (33%) than in multipatient rooms (79%; P < .001) and reported improved exposure to sunlight.";yes;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;100 pre and 90 post;no;-
Lambert;2014;Young children's perspectives of ideal physical design features for hospital-built environments;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896898412&doi=10.1177%2f1367493512473852&partnerID=40&md5=de42d31676a88735692abbe851473f0c;Pediatric;Ireland;Europe;Qualitative;Qualitative;Participatory Action Research;Interviews (A participatory art-based approach, interviews);67%;To share young children's perspectives of what constitutes ideal physical design features for hospital-built environments.;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Emergent findings revealed three broad themes: personal space, physical environment and access. This study is important for nurses, clinicians and environmental designers because it outlines what a supportive child health care environment should constitute. Hospital environments need to be constructed not just to be child friendly, but to also respect children's right to dignity, privacy, family support and self-control;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;55;no;-;no;-
Lambert;2014;Social spaces for young children in hospital;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23294129;Pediatric;Ireland (Europe);Europe;Qualitative;Qualitative;Participatory Action Research;Semi?structured interviews (one?to?one and group workshops) which incorporated art?based activities to actively engage young children.;62%;The current study investigated young children's perspectives of hospital social spaces to inform the design of the built environment of a new children's hospital.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Young children want a diversity of readily available, independently accessible, age, gender and developmentally appropriate leisure and entertainment facilities seamlessly integrated throughout the hospital environment. Such activities were invaluable for creating a positive hospital experience for children by combating boredom, enriching choice and control and reducing a sense of isolation through enhanced socialization. When in hospital, young children want to feel socially connected to the internal hospital community as well as to the outside world. Technology can assist to broaden the spectrum of children's social connectivity when in hospital – to home, school and the wider outside world.;no;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;55;no;-;no;-
Larsen;2014;A companionship between strangers - the hospital environment as a challenge in patient-patient interaction in oncology wards;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23829553;Medical;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;ethnography;Observation and interviews;62%;To explore the importance of patient–patient interaction during hospitalization.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Patients had ambiguous views regarding their fellow patients and the hospital environment. The hospital environment imposed conditions that caused stress factors such as the loss of personal privacy and control, but it also offered the possibility of good company and support from fellow patients. Refuge from fellow patients was hard to achieve and the fact that personal conversations might be overheard by fellow patients caused patients to withhold important information from healthcare professionals. Nevertheless, patients accepted the hospital environment uncritically, with resignation or with silent rebellion. Despite the challenges, 18 of 20 patients preferred multiple?bed rooms with the company of fellow patients.;no;no;no;yes;no;yes;85 observed, 20 interviewed;no;-;no;-
LaVela;2016;Patient Perceptions of the Environment of Care in Which Their Healthcare is Delivered;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26597101;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional comparision ;Questionnaire;70%;To measure patients’ perceptions of the environment of care (EOC), with a focus on the physical environment, in which healthcare is delivered.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Patients identified cleanliness,good signs/information points, adequate seating, nonovercrowding, and privacy for conversations as important. Hospital design modifications, with particular attention to the physical environment, can improve patient perceptions.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;3321 (5,512);no;-;no;-
Lavender;2015;Hospital Patient Room Design: The Issues Facing 23 Occupational Groups Who Work in Medical/Surgical Patient Rooms;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1937586715586391;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Interviews/focus group;67%;To learn from a wide range of hospital staff members about how the design of the patient room in which they work adveresely affects their ergonomics or hinders their job performance.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Key issues shared across multiple stakeholder groups includedan inability to have eye contact with the patient when entering the room, inadequate space around thebed for the equipment used by stakeholders, the physical demands experienced as stakeholders move furnishings to accomplish their activities or access equipment, and a lack of available horizontal surfaces. Unique issues were also identified for a number of stakeholder groups.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;n=147;no;-
Lazar;2015;Impact of conversion from an open ward design paediatric intensive care unit environment to all isolated rooms environment on incidence of bloodstream infections and antibiotic resistance in Southern Israel (2000 to 2008);https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920485569&partnerID=40&md5=fabf87184b17bd6b8625187c9258c589;Pediatric;Israel (Asia);Middle East;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records;61%;To study the impact of conversion from an open ward design paediatric intensive care unit environment to all isolated rooms environment on incidence of bloodstream infections and antibiotic resistance.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;In conclusion, they showed a significant decrease in the overall and also nosocomial BSI rates at the PICU following the move of the unit to a new location and its conversion from an open ward design environment to an all isolated rooms environment.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;4162;no;-;no;-
Leaf;2010;Relationship between ICU design and mortality;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951780469&doi=10.1378%2fchest.09-1458&partnerID=40&md5=d9e2c5b046c024c6a8d04d86d996becc;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort ;Medical records;77%;To compare certain patient outcomes for Low visibility rooms and high visibility rooms.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Severely ill patients may experience higher mortality rates when assigned to ICU rooms that are poorly visualized by nursing staff and physicians.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;664;no;-;no;-
Lee;2014;Comprehensibility of universal healthcare symbols for wayfinding in healthcare facilities;https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0003687013002299/1-s2.0-S0003687013002299-main.pdf?_tid=0bedbb8f-dd51-4ccf-a9e1-c7a691ead5ef&acdnat=1537803216_014a60033919c1e360918b83b91fc09d;General;USA, South Korea, Turkey are where the study takes place (First author USA);Comparison;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnarie of comprehensive understanding, matching test and judgement test of some universal signs.;80%;To find out if people who live in different countries understand healthcare symbols with the same level of comprehensibility.;Patient centered care;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The test results showed that ten symbols among 14 tested have significant relationship with countries. Results of this study demonstrate that symbol comprehension can be varied significantly in different countries.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;n=180;no;-;no;-
Lester;2014;Single-family room care and neurobehavioral and medical outcomes in preterm infants;https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/134/4/754.full.pdf;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort study;Medical records and questionnaire;79%;To determine wheter a single-family room (SFR) NICU, including factors associated with the change to a SFR NICU, is associated with improved medical and neurobehavioral outcomes.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"results showed that infants in the SFR NICU weighed more at discharge, had a greater rate of weight gain, required fewer medical procedures, had a lower gestational age at full enteral feed and less sepsis, showed better attention, less physiologic stress, less hypertonicity, less lethargy, and less pain. NICU differences in weight at discharge, and rate of weight gain were mediated by increased developmental support; differences in number of medical procedures were mediated by increased maternal involvement. NICU differences in attention were mediated by increased developmental support. Differences in stress and pain were mediated by maternal involvement. Nurses reported a more positive work environment and attitudes in the SFR NICU.";no;yes;no;no;no;yes;n=151 + n=252;no;-;no;-
Levin;2011;Improved ICU design reduces acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: a quasi-experimental observational study;https://doi.org/10.1186/cc10446;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;pre-post ;Medical records and observation of hand hygine;79%;To investigate if improved ICU design (particularly single-patient rooms) reduce acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Improved ICU design, and particularly use of single-patient rooms, decreases acquisition of resistant bacteria and antibiotic use. This observation should be considered in future ICU design.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;207;no;-;no;-
Lin;2013;Moderating role of interior amenities on hospital medical directors' patient-related work stresses;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/193758671300600207;General;China (Asia);Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Quesitonnaire;52%;To examine how interior amenities might moderate the effect of work stress on medical directors health;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"Hospital medical directors’ physician-patient relationship stresses were found to have more negative effects on their self-reported health status and complaints than do their patient condition stresses; however, only indoor plants were found to have moderating effects on their short-term health complaints (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the hospital medical directors’ patient condition stresses were negatively related to their shortterm health complaints; however, music, art and exhibitions, and private or personalized spaces in the workplaces had moderating effects (p < 0.05).";no;no;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;n=737;no;-
Lin et al.;2019;Facilitating the relocation of an intensive care unit from shared room to single room setting: Staff perceptions on the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1036731418300614?via%3Dihub;ICU;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;no specific;Group and individual interviews;62%;to evaluate staff members' perceived effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to facilitate transition from a shared to a single room setting.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;yes;"Three themes emerged: (1) facilitating staff transition and engagement during relocation planning; (2) simulating new work processes for the single-room setting; and (3) supporting nurses working in single rooms. Key intervention components, including the change agent, relocation working party, and models for assistance, coordination, education, and support, were seen as essential for the relocation transition. The regular newsletter and information dissemination strategy were found to improve communication. Staffing levels and education models suitable for the single-room setting were identified as areas for improvement.";no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;24;no;-
Liu;2014;The effects of physical environments in medical wards on medication communication processes affecting patient safety;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892989708&doi=10.1016%2fj.healthplace.2013.12.017&partnerID=40&md5=e2518c4a02bd432adb140090f84a9af4;Medical;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative ;no specific;Participant observations, field interviews, video-recordings and video reflextive focus groups;79%;To explore how physical enviornments affect communication processes for managing medications and patient safety in acute care hospital settings.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Findings highlighted the impact of environmental interruptions on communication processes about medications. In response to frequent interruptions and limited space within working environments, nurses, doctors and pharmacists developed adaptive practices in the local clinical context. Communication difficulties were associated with the ward physical layout, the controlled drug key and the medication retrieving device.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;27;yes;108;no;-
Lo Verso;2016;Luminous environment in healthcare buildings for user satisfaction and comfort: An objective and subjective field study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978828586&doi=10.1177%2f1420326X15588337&partnerID=40&md5=8322d615f06d6dbb71b6fe4d96683b85;General;Italy (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross sectional;Questionnaire and measurements;73%;This study investigated the luminous environmental quality through an objective and a subjective approach;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;From objective measurements, much non-compliance was found. In spite of this, subjective analyses showed that the group of patients and visitors was satisfied with the quality and quantity of lighting within their rooms, while the nursing staff were generally less satisfied.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;unclear;yes;unclear;yes;unclear
Locatelli;2015;Optimizing the patient-centered environment results of guided tours with health care providers and employees;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926290897&doi=10.1177%2f1937586714565610&partnerID=40&md5=45f34c71af045045d255dc9ee2f1e017;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Participatory Action Research;Interviews (Participants guide the researchers around the facility. The researcher asks open-ended questions. );62%;To examine providers’ perspectives on the care environment and patient-centeredcare (PCC) through the eyes of the veteran patient, using guided tours qualitative methodology;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Participants highlighted many small changes to the care environment that couldenhance the patient experience. Additionally, they examined the environment from the patient’sperspective, to identify elements that enhance, or detract from, the patient’s care experience.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;25;no;-
Lones;2016;"The Feasibility of an Infection Control ""Safe Zone"" in a Spinal Cord Injury Unit";https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26916410;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Observations;70%;"The feasibility of an infection control ""safe zone"" in a spinal cord injury unit.";Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Workers remained within the safe zone during 22% of observations but were less compliant with personal protective equipment inside the zone;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;yes, unclear;yes;yes, unclear;yes;yes, unclear
Long;2011;Architectural change and the effects on the perceptions of the ward environment in a medium secure unit for women;"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858830513&doi=10.1108%2f14636641111157850&partnerID=40&md5=e0e66c121f8366869516c0deb5ef88e4;https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/14636641111157850";Psychiatric;UK (Europe);UK;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;60%;To describe the architectural design considerations and effects of moving patients from an adapted Victorian medium secure unit to a purpose built facility.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The new unit was rated as more homely. The change of environment did not increase risk behaviours and was associated with a reduction in symptomatology.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;9;yes;16;no;-
Lopez-Tarruella et al.;2019;Influence of Color in a Lactation Room on Users' Affective Impressions and Preferences;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1937586718796593;General;Spain (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross sectional / Observational;Questionair;76%;to examine the influence of environmental color hue in a lactation room at a health center on users’ affective response and preference.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;(1) Six user’s affective factors connected to the lactation rooms were discovered: safety, elegance, coziness, spaciousness, simplicity, and luminosity, of which coziness has the most impact on the assessment of the room. (2) Warm colors like orange and yellow tend to score highly for coziness which puts them in leading positions when users’ assess lactation rooms.;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;-;no;-;yes;77 (phase 1) and 160 (phase II) (women not visitor perce)
Lorenz;2011;Hospital room design and health outcomes of the aging adult;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958782422&doi=10.1177%2f193758671100400204&partnerID=40&md5=e50967ee5908915a01aaf3dd7bb43c56;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Retrospective case comparative design;Medical records;58%;To determine differences in the rate of falls, healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs), and the degree of social isolation in hospitalized older adults admitted to private versus semiprivate rooms.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Room type may play a role in the occurrence of falls in hospitalized older adults, but room type alone does not increase the chance of acquiring an infection in the hospital. Nor does the risk of social isolation affect the likelihood of an adverse outcome.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;166;no;-;no;-
Lu;2014;Patient visibility and ICU mortality: A conceptual replication;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897727167&doi=10.1177%2f193758671400700206&partnerID=40&md5=d1446fcdef592fa0b7ac9e3156ad3ecd;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Medical records;59%;This study reanalyzes the data from a study by Leaf, Homel, and Factor (2010) titled “Relationship between ICU Design and Mortality” by adopting and developing objective visibility measures.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Subtle differences in patient room visibility may have important effects on clinical outcomes.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;664;no;-;no;-
Lu;2017;Key Spatial Factors Influencing the Perceived Privacy in Nursing Units: An Exploration Study With Eight Nursing Units in Hong Kong;file:///C:/Users/aaa/Downloads/Key_Spatial_Factors_Influencin.pdf;Medical;Hong Kong;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;54%;To examine how the spatial characteristics of patient beds affect patients´perceptions about privacy.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The results demonstrate that when asked to identify high-privacy beds, participants selected beds in patient rooms with fewer beds per room, a larger area per bed, and a longer walking distance to the care team workstation. Interestingly, the participants having been hospitalized also chose beds with a visual connection to the care team workstation as being high in privacy.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;n=159;no;-;no;-
Maben;2016;One size fits all? Mixed methods evaluation of the impact of 100% single-room accommodation on staff and patient experience, safety and costs;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961782114&doi=10.1136%2fbmjqs-2015-004265&partnerID=40&md5=f2d02828c6df83deff3b27a2bde75d0e;ED;UK;UK;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Interviews,observations, questionnaire, medical records (for safety outcomes);72%;they aimed to identify the impact of the move to a newly built acute National Health Service (NHS) hospital in England with 100% single rooms on staff and patient experience, patient safety and costs.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Two-thirds of patients preferred single rooms, valuing comfort, control, privacy, and flexibility for visitors, despite some concerns about isolation. Staff noted improvements in patient comfort and confidentiality but identified challenges with visibility, surveillance, teamwork, monitoring and patient safety. Walking distances for staff increased significantly after the move. A temporary rise in falls and medication errors in one ward was likely linked to the adjustment of work patterns rather than single rooms themselves. There was no evidence that single rooms reduced infection rates. Building an all-single-room hospital can cost 5% more, with higher cleaning costs, but the difference is marginal over time.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;32 pre and post semi-structured patient interviews;yes;Trust-wide data comprised 20 pre-interviews and 21 post-interviews with staff and architects/builders. Additionally 24 pre and post semi-structured ward staff interviews. 55 pre and post staff surveys. Pedometer data from 53 staff pre move and 56 post move.;no;-
MacAllister;2016;Exploring Inpatients' Experiences of Healing and Healing Spaces: A Mixed Methods Study;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374373516676182;General;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Interviewers collected both quantitative and qualitative data, observations;57%;To gain a deeper understanding of healing spaces as a phenomenon experienced by patients and the meaning they assign to the physical environment in relation to a healing experience.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The seventeen patients defined healing as “getting better/well.” Seventy three statements were recorded about contributors and detractors to healing in the physical environment. Three primary themes emerged from the data as positive influencers of a healing experience: being cared for, being comfortable and experiencing something familiar or like home. These results demonstrate that patients perceive their inpatient healing experience through a supported environment.;yes;no;no;yes;yes;yes;17;no;-;no;-
MacAllister;2018;Exploring the Relationships Between Patient Room Layout and Patient Satisfaction;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718782163;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional ;Questionnaire and observation of room layout;55%;This retrospective, exploratory study examined 8,366 patient responses to surveys on patient satisfaction and patient room spatial layout in a large academic teaching hospital consisting of 17 nursing units and 382 patient rooms.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Findings indicated statistically significant relationships between all four spatial layout measures and specific survey questions pertaining to perception of nursing, physician, individual care, and overall room environment. Results emphasize the importance of hospital design—and spatial layout in particular—on patient satisfaction.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;8366 (first wave 3751, second wave 4615 the focus was on the results from the second wave);no;-;no;-
MacKay, Peggy;2019;The Effect of a Quiet Environment on the Comfort of Post-Operative Infants and Young Children;https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Peggy-Mackay/publication/337768788_The_effect_of_a_quiet_environment_on_the_comfort_of_post-operative_infants_and_children/links/5fc4fda2299bf104cf95c71b/The-effect-of-a-quiet-environment-on-the-comfort-of-post-operative-infants-and-children.pdf;Surgery;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non-RCT;Observations and measurments;62%;To examine the impact of a quiet environment on the comfort of post-operative patients ages birth to 6 years in four medical/surgical inpatient care areas of an urban children’s hospital.;Safe care;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;The study did not find that children in ‘Quiet Rooms’ were more comfortable than those in standard rooms, as measured by comparison of FLACC scores. However, FLACC scores in -creased as noise levels in the patient room elevated. It was also noted that the average LTL-L scores in the Quiet Rooms were lower than the control rooms.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;33;no;-;no;-
Madan;2014;Efforts to reduce seclusion and restraint use in a state psychiatric hospital: A ten-year perspective;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907659623&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ps.201300383&partnerID=40&md5=880d5ddf789b6fa1ff4137f97952d481;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records;83%;The authors previously demonstrated an 82.3% reduction in seclusion and restraint use at an inpatient psychiatric facility, largely attributable to changes to the physical environment. This study investigated whether the reduction was sustained over time.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The findings suggest that reduction in seclusion and restraint use is sustainable, and judicious use of seclusion and restraint can become the new normative practice—even in the face of potentially disruptive administrative and environmental changes.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;Over ten years, 3040 seclusion and restraint incidents were analyzed across 254491 patient-days;no;-;no;-
Maddah et al.;2019;The effect of adjustment of environmental factors on sleep quality of patients admitted to the cardiology unit of Shahid Modarres Hospital of Saveh;http://eprints.savehums.ac.ir/263/;Medical;Iran;Middle East;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non RCT;Questionnaire;78%;To investigate the effect of adjustment of environmental factors on the quality of sleep in the patients admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit of Shahid Modarres Hospital in Saveh;Clinical outcomes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The mean sleep quality in the intervention group before and after the intervention was 42.3±14.20 and 57.3±15.30, which was statistically significant (p = 0.001) and in the control group before and after the intervention was 43.1±12.12 and 47.15±11.9 that was not statistically significant. (p =0.2).;yes;no;yes;no;no;yes;70;no;-;no;-
Magdzinski et al.;2018;Transition to a newly constructed single patient room adult intensive care unit - Clinicians' preparation and work experience;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.09.023;ICU;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;unspecified;Focus groups;56%;To describe clinicians' preparation and readiness for change, and its impact on their work experience while transitioning from an open MPR ICU to a large and novel SPR ICU;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Preparation strategies helped build readiness for transition and facilitated the adaptation process. Challenges of teamwork dynamics did not change with the transition;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;29;no;-
Mahmood;2010;Patients' perception of physical aspects of an Emergency Assessment Unit: A questionnaire study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77949787345&partnerID=40&md5=26455f56feaf493748a776f7dd6701e3;ED;UK;UK;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;60%;To explore patient's perceptions regarding the physical environment of an Emergency Assessment Unit (EAU);Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Ranking order (most important is first): Cleanliness, proximity to home, modern facilities, security, provision of telephone, adequate parking facilities, ward aesthetics, quiet atmosphere, food quality, provision of television, provision of internet access.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;26;no;-;no;-
Mahmood;2011;Nurses' perceptions of how physical environment affects medication errors in acute care settings;http://ludwig.lub.lu.se/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,uid&db=ccm&AN=104600166&site=ehost-live;ED;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional ;Questionnaire;85%;To examine how the nursing staff perceive the role of physical environment aspects on the occurrence of medication errors.;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Respondents noted several physical environmental factors that are potentially problematic in the nursing station area and can lead to medication, documentation, and other types of nursing errors. These factors include inadequate space in charting and documentation area, lengthy walking distances to patient rooms, insufficient patient surveillance opportunity/lack of visibility to all parts of the nursing unit, small size of the medication room, inappropriate organization of medical supplies, high noise levels in nursing unit, poor lighting, and lack of privacy in the nursing stations.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;84;no;-
Mahmood & Tayib (a);2019;The Role of Patients’ Psychological Comfort in Optimizing Indoor Healing Environments: A Case Study of the Indoor Environments of Recently Built Hospitals in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan, Iraq;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31842620/;General;Iraq;Middle East;Quantitative;Observational;cross-sectional;Questionnaire;62%;To investigate how patients and medical staff assess the physical environments of two recently built hospitals in Sulaimani City to understand the extent to which indoor environmental factors influence the creation of an optimal healing environment;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Patient's psychological needs and expectations were met. Three essential factors to creating a healing env identified from surveys. Interior appearance, Privacy, and Comfort and control. Negative correlation betwen age/education and satisfaction levels;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;113;yes;62;no;-
Mahmood & Tayib (b);2019;Healing environment correlated with patients’ psychological comfort: Post-occupancy evaluation of general hospitals;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31842620/;General;Iraq;Middle East;Quantitative;Observational;cross-sectional;Questionnaire;58%;Tracing the relationship between the qualitative level of the healing environment and patients’ psychological comfort;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Four crucial factors were identified for a satisfying healing environment, Interior appearance, Comfort and control, Views and Privacy. A negative correlation between age, education and satisfaction was revealed. Post-occupancy evaluation informs designers on factors in the physical environment influencing patient satisfaction;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;117;no;-;no;-
Maloret;2018;Don't ask me what's the matter, ask me what matters: Acute mental health facility experiences of people living with autism spectrum conditions;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040129198&doi=10.1111%2fjpm.12438&partnerID=40&md5=86d3841376c93edf78dedee283155cb1;Psychiatric;UK (Europe);UK;Qualitative;Qualitative ;Non specific ;Interviews;76%;To explore how mental health inpatients with autistic spectrum conditions (ASCs) experience and cope with anxiety when admitted to an acute mental health inpatient facility in the United Kingdom.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The anxiety caused by the physical environment appears to be overlooked by mental health practitioners so attention to anxiety?inducing encounters is needed when planning acute care mental health service improvement and research is required to clearly understand the experiences of this vulnerable group.;yes;yes;no;yes;no;yes;20;no;-;no;-
Manganelli;2013;Examination of overbed tables: Healthcare provider and user preferences;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884726231&doi=10.1177%2f193758671300600303&partnerID=40&md5=ee9280c6be53dfdaab66a6a243a45db6;Rehabilitation;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional ;Both closed and open ended questions in an interview but the analysis was quantitative;67%;This exploratory study examined the preferences of healthcare providers and patients with respect to overbed table features and functions, as well as how the devices tend to be used.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;While the overbed tabletop and extendable tray are heavily used, all other features of the overbed table models are rarely used. Usability of the models exhibits the potential for improvement. Health-care providers’ and patients’ feature preferences differ and occasionally conflict.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-
Margolies;2015;Positioning patient status monitors in a family waiting room;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926294317&doi=10.1177%2f1937586714566407&partnerID=40&md5=eb6e102198e5aa3aaef1141478360529;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non RCT;Observation (quantitative);56%;To determine where to place patient status displays for familiy memebers in the operating room family waiting room.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;Compared to the legacy monitor, the new monitors were observed to be used from more locations within the waiting room and more people were observed to use the new monitors soon after entering the waiting room.;no;no;yes;yes;no;yes;yes, unclear;yes;yes, unclear;yes;yes, unclear
Mazzei;2014;Exploring the influence of environment on the spatial behavior of older adults in a purpose-built acute care dementia unit;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906673608&doi=10.1177%2f1533317513517033&partnerID=40&md5=bdb2e99409a9ae4885b7815a5b40d531;Psychiatric;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non RCT;Observations (quantitative);60%;To examine the influence of the physical environment on behavior (wandering, pacing, door testing, congregation andseclusions) among residents in a traditional geriatric psychiatry unit who were then relocated to a purpose-built acute care unit.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Observed trends revealed that the number of pacing events decreased for all 6 residents from the PRE-E toPOST-E. However, interestingly, mean pacing times increasedfor all residents. The wall murals on the door exits had some influence on door-testing but were not completely effective in masking doors and deterring such behaviors.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;6;no;-;no;-
McCurdy;2015;Case study: Design may influence use of seclusion and restraint;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929308480&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715575905&partnerID=40&md5=1cfc910c4ebd4df49bdaede405fb6f69;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non RCT;Medical records;67%;To examine the rates of seclusion and restraint before and after a design change that reduced the openness of the unit.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;A design change that reduced the openness of the unit resulted in the reduction of seclusion and restraint.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;1st period: 1377, 2nd period: 1389, 3rd period: 1513, 4th period: 2277;no;-;no;-
McGough;2018;Noise Reduction in Progressive Care Units.;https://doi.org/10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000275;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire and measurements;62%;The purpose of this evidence-based practice was to reduce unit noise levels and create a quiet patient and nurse experience.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The average hourly decibel level decreased by 3dB (p=0.01) after implementation of the Quiet Time Bundle (a multiple intervention). The number of patients who stated the unit was noisy decreased from 12 (40%) to 9 (30%), Pre interventiona, all participating nurses responded that the unit was noise, post intervention, 18 nurses (82%) respondend that the unit was noisy.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;30;yes;22;no;-
Minnick et al.;2019;Providers' Reports of Environmental Conditions and Resources at Births in the United States;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30175663/;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;cross-sectional;Survey;59%;To describe environmental conditions and resources present during U.S. vaginal births;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Conditions varied: room noise acceptability restriction of phone calls/texts from any source and lighting kept to a minimum. Trainees were present at most births regardless of setting and provider type. The impact of room noise, phone calls/texting, and lighting on outcomes should be determined. The roles and impact of personnel, including trainees, should be described. The extent to which clusters of resources are associated with outcomes might provide new directions for interventions that improve care;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;1243;no;-
Missildine;2010;Sleep in Hospitalized Elders: A Pilot Study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955267136&doi=10.1016%2fj.gerinurse.2010.02.013&partnerID=40&md5=16df99f4079222d676e27794ae9b5059;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Actigraph for sleep, measurments for noise and light, medical records;64%;To describe objectively and subjectivealy the sleep of elders hospitalized on general medical unit and to determine the link between sleep and night-time noise and light levels.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Sleep time was brief (mean, 3.75 hours) and fragmented (mean, 13 awakenings per night). The sleep environment was noisy with a median sound level of 49.65 dB(A). There was an average of 3 periods of elevated light levels (mean, 64 lux) lasting an average of 1.75 hours each night. No significant correlation was found among sleep and age, light, and sound. Recommendations include light and sound reduction measures and dedicated "" do not disturb"" times to allow for a full 90-minute sleep cycle.";yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;48 (58);no;-;no;-
Mogensen;2018;Textiles and Space: The Experience of Textile Qualities in Hospital Interior Design;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026379393&doi=10.1080%2f14759756.2017.1332908&partnerID=40&md5=c07d36c508d338e78ff05507f024cdac;Medical;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Design-based case study;Observations and interviews;67%;To explore the patients’ experiences of interior textiles in the refurbished hospital dayroom.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The evaluation of the study indicates that patients experience the atmosphere as more accommodating in the refurbished interior, and patients express that they use the dayroom more often. The interior textiles are described as significant contributors to this improved experience.;no;no;yes;yes;no;yes;4 interviewed;yes;1 interviewed;no;-
Mondy;2016;How domesticity dictates behaviour in the birth space: Lessons for designing birth environments in institutions wanting to promote a positive experience of birth;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84995579561&doi=10.1016%2fj.midw.2016.10.009&partnerID=40&md5=9723e4e233c7d98661037bb3518b45d4;Maternal;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Video ethnography, reflexive interviewing and field notes;62%;To explore the concept of domesticity within birth space.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Women laboring in conventional hospital rooms interacted passively with the environment, adapting to spaces that did not resemble homely or domestic settings. Most women took on the role of a ‘patient,’ with one exception who ‘domesticated the space’ to retain a sense of ownership. In contrast, women in domestic birth environments (Birth Centre and home) naturally claimed ownership, expressing their identity freely. These spaces encouraged women to be active, creative, and engaged without needing to modify the environment.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;n=6;no;-
Morris et al.;2019;Impact of the physical environment on patient outcomes of genetic counseling: An exploratory study;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31058411/;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;cohort (retro);Questionnaires;62%;The aim of this current study was to test the hypothesis that as compared to patients counseled in a medically oriented (M?type) room, patients counseled in a more comfortably furnished counseling (C?type) room would have greater increases in empowerment and self?efficacy after GC;Patient centered care;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;There were no significant differences in change in scores in empowerment and self-efficacy between patients seen in M?type and C-type rooms;yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;106;no;-;no;-
Motzek;2015;Environmental Cues in Double-Occupancy Rooms to Support Patients With Dementia;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962182189&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715619740&partnerID=40&md5=8a2dfd750cc160a1b13cf10f9c4053c8;Geriatric;Germany (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non-RCT. Two arms with implementation by the researchers but not random assignement;Questionnaire and medical records;61%;To evaluate the effectiveness of different environmental cues in double-occupancy rooms of an acute care hospital to support patients’ abilities to identify their bed and wardrobe;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;As this study indicated, the environmental cues colorand number are helpful for these patients to identify their bed and wardrobe. However, these cueswere most effective from the third to the fifth day after admission.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;42 (99);yes;Nurses were asked to evaluate their patient;yes;Caregivers were asked to evaluate the patient
Motzek;2017;Investigation of Eligible Picture Categories for Use as Environmental Cues in Dementia-Sensitive Environments;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021186044&doi=10.1177%2f1937586716679403&partnerID=40&md5=d7349a323bf7a715a51b421696d93f4d;Medical;Germany;Europe;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non-RCT. Random order of pictures but only randomized every third interview.;Questionnaire with interviewer;96%;To identify picture categories thatare preferred and easily remembered by older patients and cognitively impaired patients and which therefore might be suitable for use as environmental cues in acute care settings.;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Pictures, which patients were able to relate to in terms of familiarityand the characteristics local urban and nature, seem to be suitable for use as environmental cues.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;37;no;-;no;-
Mourshed;2012;Healthcare providers' perception of design factors related to physical environments in hospitals;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864056242&doi=10.1016%2fj.jenvp.2012.06.004&partnerID=40&md5=e221e86fa8068884208817c3d5b9dfcd;General;China (Asia);Asia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnarie with interviews to validate the research findings;57%;To explore healthcare providers perception of the physical environment design factors in hospitals;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Three principal components were identified, namely spatial, maintenance and environmental design. The identified components had good correspondence with previous research on behavioral and environmental psychology. Female healthcare providers were found to be more perceptive about factors related to sensory environments such as visual, acoustic and olfactory, compared to their male counterparts. The working pattern and length of service had associations with perceptions of maintenance and environmental design factors. Respondents ranked abstract and more subjective design factors such as aesthetics and the presence of coordinated art objects lower than the factors generally associated with the safe and efficient delivery of service.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;304 (400);no;-
Munier-Marion;2016;Hospitalization in double-occupancy rooms and the risk of hospital-acquired influenza: a prospective cohort study;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806256;General;France;Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort study;Medical records;62%;To assess the relationship between hospitalization in double-occupancy rooms and HAI (hospital-acquired influenza) risk in a hosptal-based cohort.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;The incidence was 2.0 for 100 patient-days in double- vs. 0.7 in single-occupancy rooms (p 0.028). The adjusted hazard ratio of hospital-acquired influenza was 2.67 (95% confidence interval 1.05-6.76) in patients hospitalized in double- compared to single-occupancy rooms.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;n=93;no;-;no;-
Murphy;2010;Longitudinal analysis of differential effects on agitation of a therapeutic wander garden for dementia patients based on ambulation ability;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956086108&doi=10.1177%2f1471301210375336&partnerID=40&md5=1971b22ad995a8232dfa9c1ee224884b;Geriatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire and observations (quantitative);75%;To assess the impact of visiting a wander garden on monthly agitation levels of a group of elderly veterans diagnosed with dementia, with attention to their ambulatory ability.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Findings suggest that visiting the wander garden helped lower agitation levels in the dementia patients and that there was a differential effect based on the patient’s ability to walk unassisted.;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;34;no;-;no;-
Naccarella;2018;The Influence of Spatial Design on Team Communication in Hospital Emergency Departments;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718800481;ED;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire, interviews and focus groups.;56%;To identify spatial design factors that influence informal interprofessional team-based communication within hospital emergency departments (EDs);Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Informal communication with peers and within discipline groups on nonspecific areas of the ED was most common. Three key factors influenced the extent to which ED workspaces facilitated informal communication: (1) staff perceptions of privacy, (2) staff perceptions of safety, and (3) staff perceptions of connectedness to ED activity.;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;103;no;-
Nanda;2011;Effect of visual art on patient anxiety and agitation in a mental health facility and implications for the business case;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955500866&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2850.2010.01682.x&partnerID=40&md5=662db6f477002a3e00efa96aaaf6c9b3;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Experimental;Non- RCT. Four conditions, one control and three types of art conditions;Interviews, hospital records and observation;50%;To investigate the impact of different visual art conditions on agitation and anxiety levels of patients by measuring the rate of pro re nata (PRN) medication incidents and collecting nurse feedback.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Results showed that PRN medication dispensed by nurses for anxiety and agitation was significantly lower on days when a realistic nature image of a landscape was displayed as compared to days when abstract art, abstract or no art was displayed.;yes;yes;no;yes;no;yes;Unclear;yes;22 nurses interviewed;no;-
Nanda;2015;Field research and parametric analysis in a medical-surgical unit;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84943146620&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715577370&partnerID=40&md5=d0783a992866a46bebaf038fe1580cad;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional ;Photo-essay, sound recording, interviews, on-site observation, online survey.;77%;To study workplace in a med-surg unit and to identify suboptimal environmental conditions that can be imporved in the current unit and avoided in future design.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;The following created challenges for patient monitoring, care coordination, and management: (1) waste and variability in walking, (2) limited point-of-use access to supplies, (3) large distances traveled for minor tasks, and (4) low visibility and connectivity. The corridor is used as a workspace/communication hub. There is a distinct difference in beginning of day and night shift patterns and between walking ''distance'' and walking ''sequence.'' There is a tendency for nurses to multitask, but a simulation exercise shows that for key tasks like medication delivery, multitasking may not always reduce walking distances.;no;no;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;29 (33) in survey, 16 interviews;no;-
Nasab et al.;2020;Ideal physical features of environmental design in children's hospital Using children's perspectives;http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/F-03-2019-0032;Pediatric;Iran;Middle East;Qualitative;Qualitative ;unspecified;Drawings and interviews;58%;The purpose of this study is to use children’s perspectives to evaluate the importance and impact of effective environmental factors to generate children’s hospital design guidelines;Patient centered care;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The results indicate that children prefer a hospital environment that provides entertainment facilities while also offering design features such as the presence of light, colorful decorations, the existence of green spaces and conditions suitable for their families to be present;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;24;no;-;no;-
Nazarian et al.;2018;Design Lessons From the Analysis of Nurse Journeys in a Hospital Ward;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29902936/;General;UK;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative ;ethnography;Observations;62%;To establish design strategies to help minimize nurse journeys and inform future decision-making;Safe care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;There is a significant difference between the frequencies of different routes in the case study ward. The distances between origins and destinations of the most frequently used journeys must remain minimal. Awareness of less frequent routes allows for greater flexibility in ward design;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;42;no;-
Nejati;2016;Restorative Design Features for Hospital Staff Break Areas: A Multi-Method Study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84951793847&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715592632&partnerID=40&md5=ff8b7f2647ed209610c261564de10973;General;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Interviews and questionnaires;78%;To investigate the main restorative components of staff break areas in healthcare facilities, by assessing usage patterns, verbal/visual preferences, and perceived restorative qualities of specific design features found in break areas for hospital staff.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;It was found that staff break areas are more likely to be used if they are in close proximity to nurses’ work areas, if they have complete privacy from patients and families, and if they provide opportunities for individual privacy as well as socialization with coworkers. Having physical access to private outdoor spaces (e.g.,balconies or porches) was shown to have significantly greater perceived restorative potential, in comparison with window views, artwork, or indoor plants.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;10 interviews. Survey: 958.;no;-
Nejati;2016;Using visual simulation to evaluate restorative qualities of access to nature in hospital staff break areas;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.12.012;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;65%;To assess the restorative potential of specific design features in hospital staff break areas, investigating nature-related indoor decor, daylight, window views, and direct access to outdoor environments.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Statistical analyses showed that ratings increased significantly based on higher levels of nature content, from no added amenities, to indoor plants, to nature artwork, to window views, to direct access to the outdoors through a balcony.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;958;no;-
Nielsen;2017;How do patients actually experience and use art in hospitals? The significance of interaction: a user-oriented experimental case study;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5328392/;Medical;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Mixed methods;Experimental;Non-RCT Two arms, one with artwork and one without;Semi-structured interviews, observation, participant observation and informal conversation;57%;This article aims to understand patient wellbeing and satisfaction and to qualify the current guidelines for the application of art in hospitals.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The study shows that art contributes to creating an environment and atmosphere where patients can feel safe, socialize, maintain a connection to the world outside the hospital and support their identity. They conclude that the presence of visual art in hospitals contributes to health outcomes by improving patient satisfaction as an extended form of health care. The article draws attention to further research perspectives and methods associated with the development of art in hospitals.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;30 interviewed, 103 ranked photos;no;-;no;-
Nielsen;2018;Evaluating Pictures of Nature and Soft Music on Anxiety and Well-Being During Elective Surgery;https://doi.org/10.2174/1874434601812010058;Surgery;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT. Three arms, whereof one control arm;Questionnaire and medical records for use of sedetives;58%;The aim of this study was to investigate whether looking at pictures of natural scenery could reduce anxiety and pain and increaserelaxation and well-being being awake during the elective surgery.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Viewing pictures of natural scenery while being awake during elective surgery is as relaxing as listening to soft instrumental music. Offering nature scenery pictures for patients to view could be relaxing during the elective surgery.;yes;no;yes;no;no;yes;174 (225);no;-;no;-
Nunes;2011;Air conditioning and intrahospital mortality during the 2003 heatwave in Portugal: evidence of a protective effect;https://oem.bmj.com/content/68/3/218.long;Medical;Portugal;Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort study, several different time periods;Medical records and questionnaire;61%;The objective of the study was to analyse the association between the presence of air conditioning in hospital wards and the intrahospital mortality during the 2003 heatwave, in mainland Portugal.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The study found strong evidence that, during the August 2003 heatwave, the presence of air conditioning in hospital wards was associated with an increased survival of patients admitted before the beginning of the climate event.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;10997;yes;41;no;-
Nyrud;2014;Benefits from wood interior in a hospital room: A preference study;"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901277033&doi=10.1080%2f00038628.2013.816933&partnerID=40&md5=38a88c1c0ef4b2b8411987243fd4894d;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00038628.2013.816933?needAccess=true";General;Norway;Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnarie with 10 computermanipulated pictures of a patient room;62%;To examine how elements of nature such as wood, pictures of nature, and window views to nature might possibly affect Norwegian patients.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The results indicate that employees prefer patient rooms with an intermediate degree of wood. The least liked room was the room with pine wood on all surfaces.;no;no;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;93 (437);no;-
Ó Coimín et al.;2019;Dying in acute hospitals: voices of bereaved relatives;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31672137/;General;Ireland;Europe;Quantitative;Observational;cross-sectional;Postal survey;68%;To report the views of bereaved relatives on the experience of care they and the person that died received during their last admission in two university adult acute tertiary hospitals;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"The majority of respondents (87%: n = 303) rated the quality of care as outstanding, excellent or good during the last admission to hospital. The quality of care by nurses, doctors and other staff was highly rated. Overall, care needs were well met; areas of care to be improved include communication and emotional/spiritual support. Relatives strongly endorsed the provision of EoLC in single occupancy rooms, the availability of family rooms on acute hospital wards and the provision of bereavement support";no;yes;no;no;no;yes;356 relatives;no;-;no;-
O'Halloran;2011;Environmental factors that influence communication between patients and their healthcare providers in acute hospital stroke units: An observational study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951651904&doi=10.3109%2f13682821003660380&partnerID=40&md5=eb3308eed8c63c1f694a2c258ab20ea6;Medical;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Observations (qualitative);81%;This research sought to identify the environmental factors that either create barriers to and/or facilitate communication between patients and their healthcare providers in acute hospital stroke units.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The main physical environment factor found hindering communication was background noise.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;65 patients were observed;no;-;no;-
O'Reilly;2016;Standard work for room entry: Linking lean, hand hygiene, and patient-centeredness;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960815486&doi=10.1016%2fj.hjdsi.2015.12.008&partnerID=40&md5=107a599cab501418edab28068068d3fc;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Observations and questionnaire;77%;To develop a standard process for room entry in the intensive care unit that improved compliance with hand hygiene and allowed for maximum efficiency;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;They observed meaningful improvement in the performance of the new standard as well as time savings for clinical providers with each room entry. They also observed an increase in room entries that included verbal communication and an explanation of what the clinician was entering the room to do.;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;Unclear;no;-
O’Neill;2018;The role of the built environment and private rooms for reducing central line-associated bloodstream infections;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201002;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort (exposure happens before outcome);Medical records;78%;To determine whether private rooms were associated with a lower risk of central-line infections.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Patients who stayed in bay rooms had 64 percent more central line infections than patients who stayed in private rooms. Even after adjusting for relevant covariates, patients assigned to bay rooms had a 21 percent greater relative risk of a central line infection (p = 0.005), compared with patients assigned to private rooms. At the hospital level, a 10% increase in private rooms was associated with an 8.6% decrease in central line infections (p<0.001), regardless of individual patients' room assignment.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;1014903;no;-;no;-
Okcu;2011;Soundscape evaluations in two critical healthcare settings with different designs;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052535202&doi=10.1121%2f1.3607418&partnerID=40&md5=c522934c1f6f1b7cfce4b2780b0410cc;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort;Questionnaire and measurments for noise;94%;This study aimed at understanding the relationships between objective acoustic measures and self-reported nurse outcomes.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The older medical-surgical ICU was perceived as louder, more annoying, and having a greater negative impact of noise on work performance, health outcomes, and anxiety as compared to the new neurological ICU. Surprisingly, there were little differences between two ICU sound environments based on traditional overall noise measures. The objective differences between the occupied sound environments in the two units only emerged through a more comprehensive analysis of the occurrence rate of peak and maximum levels, frequency content, and the speech interference level. Furthermore, mid-level transient sound occurrence rates were significantly and positively correlated to perceived annoyance and loudness levels;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;58;no;-
Okkels et al.;2020;Lighting as an aid for recovery in hospitalized psychiatric patients: a randomized controlled effectiveness trial;https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2019.1676465;Psychiatric;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Objective measures;72%;To improve sleep in psychiatric inpatients using a circadian lighting environment.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The intervention showed no effect on sleep quality, mood or well-being. The circadian lighting environment was safe in our small and diverse patient sample. The trial integrated well with routine clinical care and our sample reflected the heterogeneity of the target population.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;54;no;-;no;-
Olausson;2012;The ICU patient room: Views and meanings as experienced by the next of kin: A phenomenological hermeneutical study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860889197&doi=10.1016%2fj.iccn.2011.12.003&partnerID=40&md5=b2901cc446bc7eaa9a6267a4310134fd;ICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Interview with help of photos;86%;The aim of this study was to describe and interpret the meanings of the intensive care patient room as experienced by next of kin;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;How intensive care patient rooms are designed, the place given to next of kin and the way they are received in the room are decisive for the support given to the loved one. Simple interventions can make the patient room a more healing environment.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;no;n/a;yes;14
Olausson;2013;A phenomenological study of experiences of being cared for in a critical care setting: The meanings of the patient room as a place of care;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879005996&doi=10.1016%2fj.iccn.2013.02.002&partnerID=40&md5=aa0e7b6ba67d1e6945066d1809368fa9;ICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Interviews with photos as aid;62%;The aim of this study is, by using a lifeworld perspective, to reveal the meanings of the ICU settings as a place of care.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Promoting patients’ well-being and satisfaction of care involves integrating a good design and a caring attitude and paying attention to patients’ needs.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;9 (17);no;-;no;-
Olausson;2014;Nurses' lived experiences of intensive care unit bed spaces as a place of care: a phenomenological study;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24646033;ICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Phenomenology;Interviews;77%;To explore nurses lived experiences of ICU bed space of care for the critically ill;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;An outer spatial dimension and an inner existential dimension constitute ICU bed spaces. Caring here means being uncompromisingly on call and a commitment to promoting recovery and well-being. The meanings of ICU bed spaces as a place of care comprise observing and being observed, a broken promise, cherishing life, ethical predicament and creating a caring atmosphere.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;n=14;no;-
Olausson et al.;2019;The meanings of place and space in forensic psychiatric care – A qualitative study reflecting patients’ point of view;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30525285/;Psychiatric;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative ;unspecified;Photovoice;68%;To investigate the meanings of the patient room as a place and space in forensic psychiatric in-patient care from the patients’ perspective;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The physical environment has a say in patients’ basic needs and a role in maintaining normality. Substandard reveals a lack of respect and dignity towards this patient group. Involving patients in the design process of new facilities can be a way to make progress;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;11;no;-;no;-
Palmer;2013;Realizing improved patient care through humancentered operating room design: A human factors methodology for observing flow disruptions in the cardiothoracic operating room;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888301559&doi=10.1097%2fALN.0b013e31829f68cf&partnerID=40&md5=6a55e24eeb160106939b2989b4119138;OR;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Observations (count data);64%;This study sought to develop an initial methodology for identifying and classifying flow disruptions in the cardiac operating room (OR).;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;These disruptions were distributed into six categories such as communication, usability, physical layout, environmental hazards, general interruptions, and equipment failures. They were further organized into 33 subcategories. The most common disruptions were related to OR layout and design (33%).;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;1,080 observations of patient operations;yes;unclear: 1,080 observations of patient operations;no;-
Paraskevopoulou;2018;The impact of seasonal colour change in planting on patients with psychotic disorders using biosensors;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.09.006;Psychiatric;Greece;Europe;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Questionnaire and measurements (biosensors for eye-tracking, facial expression analysis and galvanic skin response);52%;To investigate the effect of selected design elements of healing gardens on patients with mental disorders.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;The results showed that differences in gender and age between participants did not affect their preferences. However, it appeared to be more difficult to positively affect the emotions of male participants compared to female participants. Seasonal colour change in a tree canopy created positive and intense emotions in the patients.;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;25;no;-;no;-
Park;2013;Color Perception in Pediatric Patient Room Design: American versus Korean Pediatric Patients;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24089179;Pediatric;USA and South Korea;Comparison;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Questionnaire;60%;This study simultaneously addresses the issues of the scarcity of information about pediatric patient color preferences, conflicting findings about the impact of culture on color preferences, and limitations of previous research instruments. Effects of culture and gender on color preferences were investigated using American and Korean pediatric patients.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;"Korean pediatric patients showed significantly higher preference scores for white than Americans did. Other than white, both groups reported blue and green as their most preferred colors; white was the least preferred. Both groups reported similar gender effects. Overall, male patients reported significantly lower preference scores for red and purple than female patients did.";no;no;yes;no;yes;yes;92;no;-;no;-
Pasha;2013;Barriers to garden visitation in children's hospitals;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893452476&doi=10.1177%2f193758671300600405&partnerID=40&md5=2b88e2ed0a77ae6289380108e38b5356;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire with closed and open ended questions;67%;This study aimed to identify barriers to use of outdoor spaces in Texas pediatric healthcare facilities.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;A negative significant correlation was found between staff garden use and dissatisfaction with quality of seats and poor shade. While quality of seats didn’t impact visitor and family member garden visitation, a significant negative correlation was found between poor shade and their garden use.;no;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;70;yes;76
Pati;2010;An empirical examination of patient room handedness in acute medical-surgical settings;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860251488&partnerID=40&md5=7d20d7fd0b96f148a336b2fb199d44e1;Laboratory;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Experimental;Non-RCT. Experimental with 27 different scenarios;Observational (count data) and interviews;94%;To examine whether standardized same-handed room configurations contribute more to operational performance in comparison to standardized mirror-image room configurations.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;Standardized same-handed configurations may not contribute to process and workflow standardization.;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;n=20 (10 left-handed and 10 right-handed));no;-
Pati;2012;The biomechanics of patient room standardization;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23154901;Surgery;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non -RCT. Experimental with 27 different scenarios;Observational (count data);56%;Examine the types of potentially harmful or stressful actions exhibited by nurses during patient care delivery in an acute medical/surgical setting. Examine the sources influencing unsafe actions.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Analysis suggests that a considerable proportion of potentially harmful and stressful actions are associated with the design of the physical elements as opposed to the configurational factors typically addressed in standardization. Both of these factors interact to produce work-arounds that result in unsafe actions.;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;20 nurses provided simulated care;no;-
Pati;2014;Physical design correlates of efficiency and safety in emergency departments: A qualitative examination;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902127759&doi=10.1097%2fCNQ.0000000000000032&partnerID=40&md5=45117bf731e86c1d96d3070869415405;ED;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;Explorative;Mostly qualitative but with some quantification of the qualitative data;52%;To identify physical design attributes that potentially influence safety and efficiency of operations in EDs.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;16 domains of physical design descisions influence safety, efficiency, or both.;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;number unclear;no;-
Pati;2015;Identifying elements of the health care environment that contribute to wayfinding;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929326511&doi=10.1177%2f1937586714568864&partnerID=40&md5=babb979f810f28542c2524cfd90cc368;ED;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Verbal protocol, digital photography, and subjects’ response on a survey questionnaire.;85%;Identify aspects of the physical environment that inform wayfinding for visitors. Compareand contrast the identified elements in frequency of use. Gain an understanding of the role the differentelements and attributes play in the wayfinding process;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;Signs, architectural features that expand visual fields, maps, predictable functional clusters, and artwork constitute the five most frequently used environmental elements for information during navigation, in that order.;no;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;8;yes;10 persons as simulated visitors
Pati;2015;An empirical examination of the impacts of decentralized nursing unit design;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926384517&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715568986&partnerID=40&md5=dcef7a6566ef12f0d5c758e27e9769f7;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire and various measures such as pedometers and a hand held device for nursing time;53%;The objective of the study was to examine the impact of decentralization on operational efficiency, staff well-being, and teamwork on three inpatient units.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Decentralized nursing and physical design models potentially result in quality of work improvements associated with documentation, medication, and supplies. However, there are unexpected consequences associated with walking, and staff collaboration and teamwork. The solution to the unexpected consequences may lie in operational interventions and greater emphasis on culture change.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;144 pre, 100 post;no;-
Pati;2016;Security Implications of Physical Design Attributes in the Emergency Department;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982994956&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715626549&partnerID=40&md5=0c8fcabe0aea961d3c1e374c27d3759b;ED;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Gaming and interviews;62%;To identify physical design attributes that potentially influence safety and efficiency of ED operations.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;Five macro physical design attributes (issues that need to be addressed at the design stage and expensive to rectify once built) emerged from the data as factors substantially associated with security issues. They are design issues pertaining to (a) the entry zone, (b) traffic management, (c) patient room clustering, (d) centralization versus decentralization, and (e) provisions for special populations. Conclusion: Data from this study suggest that ED security concerns are generally associated with three sources: (a) gang-related violence, (b) dissatisfied patients, and (c) behavioral health patients. Study data show that physical design has an important role in addressing the above-mentioned concerns.;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;interviews:4, gaming: unknown.;no;-
Pati;2016;The Impact of Simulated Nature on Patient Outcomes: A Study of Photographic Sky Compositions;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84951851724&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715595505&partnerID=40&md5=cce72dcc08876ac0e87b8786f3df0f4e;Surgery;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT. One experimental and one control group;Quesitonnaire and medical records;56%;To examine whether incorporation of simulated nature, in the form of ceiling mounted photographic sky compositions, influences patient outcomes.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;yes;Environmental satisfactionamong subjects in the experimental rooms was 12.4% higher than those in the control rooms. Not all outcomes supported the hypothesis. There may have been an acuity difference between the two groups.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;100 (112) in experiment group, 80 (96) in control group;no;-;no;-
Pati;2018;Top Five Physical Design Factors Contributing to Fall Initiation;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29592771;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort;Observations (videos);94%;To develop a prioritized list of physical design questions/interventions to reduce patient falls by conducting expanded analysis of data generated from a completed study phase.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;"Turning, pulling, pushing, and bending forward exhibited the highest odds of contributing to fall initiation in the bathroom. Grabbing, pushing, and sitting exhibited the highest odds of contributing to fall initiation around the patient bed. Physical design elements/attributes associated with the above postures are the (1) bathroom door; (2) bathroom spatial configuration-relative locations of door, toilet bowl, and the sink; (3) door, toilet, and sink hardware; (4) space availability/tightness inside the clinician zone; and (5) spatial configuration around patient bed-relative locations of bed, patient chair, and overbed table, in relation to bathroom door, and resulting obstructions originating from the configuration.";no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;27;no;-;no;-
Patterson;2018;A Grounded Theoretical Analysis of Room Elements Desired by Family Members and Visitors of Hospitalized Patients: Implications for Medical/Surgical Hospital Patient Room Design;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718792885;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Interviews, observation of participants reactions to the simulated rooms;71%;To identify family members’ and visitors’ needs with relation to the design of a hospital room.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Implications for Practice: • Provide family members and visitors with comfortable seating which can be quickly moved and flexibly put away when not in use. • Support overnight visitors in tending to daily needs, working, eating, and relaxing by providing a comfortable place to sleep, a privacy curtain, a light with a dimmer switch, nightlights, in-room storage for outerwear and luggage, a mobile table, and outlets to charge phones and electronic devices. • Provide adequate space for two caregivers to help the patient through the bathroom doorway, sit on the toilet, and take a shower.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;60;no;-;yes;34
Pearson;2018;The Physiological Impact of Window Murals on Pediatric Patients;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718800483;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non-RCT. Three arms, wherof one control arm;Medical records;88%;To examine the magnitude of impact of two nature-themed window murals on physiological processes, as measured by heart rate and blood pressure, of pediatric patients;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Data analysis supports the notion that patient stress is heightened at the time of admission. Patients in the rooms with murals were found to have improvements in heart rate and systolic blood pressure in comparison to patients in control rooms, suggesting that the murals had an impact on physiological processes. Data also suggest that subject matter played a role, as patients in tree murals rooms had the most health-related outcomes.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;90;no;-;no;-
Perez-Urrestarazu;2017;Media and social impact valuation of a living wall: The case study of the Sagrado Corazon hospital in Seville (Spain);http://apps.webofknowledge.com/InboundService.do?customersID=ResearchSoft&mode=FullRecord&IsProductCode=Yes&product=WOS&Init=Yes&Func=Frame&DestFail=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com&action=retrieve&SrcApp=EndNote&SrcAuth=ResearchSoft&SID=F2fbzgYrJLEUk7Y5RsU&UT=WOS%3A000410995200018;General;Spain (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort ;Questionnaire;94%;The evaluation of the effect of an Living Wall (LW) installed in a hospital in terms of its impact in the media an on people.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Most participants concurred that the living wall induced positive reactions and improved their psychological well-being. Therefore, they completely agreed with the investment made by the hospital on such a vertical greening system;yes;no;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes
Persson;2015;A room of one's own--Being cared for in a hospital with a single-bed room design;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25213674;Surgery;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Hermeneutical - phenomenological;Interivews;85%;To illuminate patients’ experiences of being hospitalised in a hospital with a single-bed room design.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Conclusion: Patients experienced that a single-bed room allowed them to focus on their recovery, have visitors without disturbing others and create a feeling of homeliness. However, mobilisation is not a natural part of the recovery process when patients have all they need in their rooms. The patients’ need for social interaction and confirmation was not satisfied without effort and planning on the part of staff.;no;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;16;no;-;no;-
Persson Waye;2013;Improvement of intensive care unit sound environment and analyses of consequences on sleep: An experimental study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888137624&doi=10.1016%2fj.sleep.2013.07.011&partnerID=40&md5=01b0b04fd9309f88b4eeae08d245c387;ICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non-RCT;Questionnaire, objective measure of sleep;90%;To explore if sleep could be improved by modifying the sound environment in a way that is practically feasible in ICUs.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;During ICU exposure nights, sleep was more fragmented with less slow-wave sleep (SWS), more arousals, and more time awake. The effects of reduced maximum sound level were minor. The subjective data supported the polysomnographic findings, though cortisol levels were not significantly affected by the exposure conditions.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;n=17 (18) (participants not patients);no;-;no;-
Pettit;2014;Intensive care unit design and mortality in trauma patients;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904254591&doi=10.1016%2fj.jss.2014.04.007&partnerID=40&md5=747e0c484ca39e77dce535888c7ffa23;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort;Medical records;84%;Testing the hypothesis that patients in rooms who are more visible from the central nursing station would experience better outcomes than those patients in less visible rooms.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Trauma patient room placement within the ICU does not relate to mortality rate significantly when corrected for patient acuity. Instead, variables such as age, ISS, and CCI are associated with mortality. A policy of placing more critically ill patients in HVRs may prevent increased mortality in high-acuity patients.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;773;no;-;no;-
Pickup et al.;2019;A preliminary ergonomic analysis of the MRI work system environment: Implications and recommendations for safety and design;https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1078817418301470;ED;Scotland;UK;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Literature, incident data, observations and interviews;62%;To understand how the discipline of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) can support the understanding and improvement of safety and performance of MRI working environments.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Study suggests the need for national co-ordination and standardisation of MRI safety management strategies, based on safety science and HFE evidence and approaches to improve system design and reduce risk to patients, staff and others;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;22;no;-;no;-
Pineda;2012;The single-patient room in the NICU: Maternal and family effects;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863306453&doi=10.1038%2fjp.2011.144&partnerID=40&md5=d4cc920160fee472764913777f7f023f;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire, medical records and observations (quantitative);63%;To explore differences in maternal factors, including visitation and holding, among premature infants cared for in single-patient rooms (SPR) compared with open-bay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Increased parent visitation is an important benefit of the SPR, however, mothers with infants in the SPR reported more stress.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;A total of 81 premature infants were assigned to a bed space in either the open-bay area or in a SPR upon NICU admission.;no;-;no;-
Pink et al.;2020;Making Spaces for Staff Breaks: A Design Anthropology Approach;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719900954;General;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative ;ethnography;Observation;62%;To propose and demonstrate a design anthropological approach to hospital design and architecture and engage this approach to advance recent discussions of the question of designing for staff breaks;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;While the sensory aspects of hospital design conventionally cited—such as light and green areas—are relevant, attention to staff priorities that emerge in practice reveals that well-being is contingent on other qualities and resources;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;126;no;-
Plough;2018;Assessing the Feasibility of Measuring Variation in Facility Design Among American Childbirth Facilities;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718796641;Maternal;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Interviews and floor plans and medical records (for rates of delivery);54%;To assess the feasibility of quantifying variation in childbirth facility design and explore the implications for childbirth service delivery across the United States.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;They observed wide variation in childbirth unit design. Deliveries per labor room per year ranged from 75 to 479. The ratio of operating rooms to labor rooms ranged from 1:1 to 1:9. The average distance between labor rooms and workstations ranged from 23 to 114 ft, and the maximum distance between labor rooms ranged from 9 to 242 ft. More deliveries per room, fewer labor rooms per operating room, and longer distances between spaces were all associated with higher primary cesarean delivery rates.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;They recruited 12 childbirth facilities that were diverse with regard to facility type, location, delivery volume, cesarean delivery rate, and practice model.;no;-
Pouyesh;2018;The effects of environmental factors in waiting rooms on anxiety among patients undergoing coronary angiography: A randomized controlled trial;https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12682;Medical;Iran;Middle East;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT. Four arms, wherof one control;Medical records and measurments with a portable device;69%;To investigate the effects of environmental factors on anxiety as experienced by patients in waiting rooms prior to coronary angiography.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Patients who experienced environmental affecting interventions had significantly lower physiological indices of anxiety than the control group (P < 0.001). Some significance was demonstrated between the three interventions groups, with patients in the intervention group that experienced maximum environmental interventions demonstrating the most overall reduction in anxiety indices.;yes;no;yes;no;no;yes;200;no;-;no;-
Price et al.;2018;Patient perspectives on barriers and enablers to the use and effectiveness of de?escalation techniques for the management of violence and aggression in mental health settings;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29082552/;Psychiatric;England;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative ;unspecified;Semi-structured interviews and framework analysis;68%;Investigate patient perspectives on barriers and enablers to the use and effec- tiveness of de-escalation techniques for aggression in mental health settings;Safe care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;Restrictive practices, rather than de-escalation techniques, are used in response to escalating patient behaviour. Under-use of de- escalation techniques was attributed to: lack of staff reflection on culture and practice and a need to retain control/dominance over patients. Ward rules, patient factors and a lack of staff respect for patients diluted their effectiveness. Participants identified a systematic process of de-escalation, rule subversion, reduced social distance and staff authenticity as enablers of effective de-escalation.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;26;no;-;no;-
Pyrke;2017;Evidence-Based Design Features Improve Sleep Quality Among Psychiatric Inpatients;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032369545&doi=10.1177%2f1937586716684758&partnerID=40&md5=225d6f961db260bb9061a98d6d1f455d;Psychiatric;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Actigraphy, questionnaire and medical records;65%;The primary aim of the present study was to compare sleep characteristics pre- and post-move into a state-of-the-art mental health facility, which offered private sleeping quarters.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Actigraphy revealed significant improvements in objective sleep quality following the facility move. Interestingly, subjective report of sleep quality did not correlate with the objective measures. Circadian sleep type appeared to play a role in influencing subjective attitudes toward sleep quality.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;47 before move and 47 after;no;-;no;-
Quan;2012;Impact of imaging room environment: staff job stress and satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and willingness to recommend;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982298779&doi=10.1177%2f193758671200500206&partnerID=40&md5=9861aedfcc9166e8adc8f509ab63985e;Laboratory;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort ;Questionnaire;59%;To compare patient and staff perceptions of the physical environment, satisfaction, and stress in two types of imaging rooms.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Imaging technologists and patients perceived the intervention rooms to be significantly more pleasant-looking. Patients in the intervention rooms reported significantly higher levels of environmental control and were significantly more willing to recomend the intervention rooms to other.;yes;no;yes;no;no;yes;n=156 (400);yes;n=54 (70);no;-
Raanaas;2012;Health benefits of a view of nature through the window: A quasi-experimental study of patients in a residential rehabilitation center;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856066190&doi=10.1177%2f0269215511412800&partnerID=40&md5=d46292c0493da886756dcf95318adc35;PICU/NICU;Norway;Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Longitudinal with 3 measurement points for the main outcome;Questionnaire;63%;To examine the health benefits of a bedroom window view to natural surroundings for patients undergoing a residental rehabilitation program.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;For women, a blocked view appeared to negatively influence change in physical health (time×view×gender interaction, F(4,504)=2.51, P=0.04), whereas for men, a blocked view appeared to negatively influence change in mental health (time×view×gender interaction, F(4,504)=5.67, P<0.01). Pulmonary patients with a panoramic view showed greater improvement in mental health than coronary patients with such a view (time×view×diagnostic group interaction, F(4,504)=2.76, P=0.03). Those with a panoramic view to nature more often chose to stay in their bedroom when they wanted to be alone than those with a blocked view (odds ratio (OR)=2.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-5.01).;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;n=278 (595);no;-;no;-
Raanaas;2015;Patients' recovery experiences of indoor plants and viewsof nature in a rehabilitation center;https://content.iospress.com:443/download/work/wor2214?id=work%2Fwor2214;Rehabilitation;Norway (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Interviews and focus groups;67%;The aim of the present study is to get a deeper understanding of how residents in a residential rehabilitation center experience the views through windows and the indoor plants, and whether and how the view and the plants can impact their recovery process.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The nature elements, such as a view of nature or indoor plants, seem to enhance opportunities for reflection, feelings of meaningfulness and sense of being taken care of which may strengthen their feeling of well-being and make them more resilient to the stressors in life.;no;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;16;no;-;no;-
Raiskila;2017;Parents’ presence and parent–infant closeness in 11 neonatal intensive care units in six European countries vary between and within the countries;https://doi.org/DOI:10.1111/apa.13798;Pediatric;Finland;Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaires and diaries;78%;To measure the amount of physical parent–infant closeness in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and this study explored that issue in six European countries.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The parents’ NICU presence varied from a median of 3.3 (minimum 0.7– maximum 6.7) to 22.3 (18.7–24.0) hours per day (p < 0.001), SSC varied from 0.3 (0– 1.4) to 6.6 (2.2–19.5) hours per day (p < 0.001) and holding varied from 0 (0–1.5) to 3.2 (0–7.4) hours per day (p < 0.001). Longer SSC was associated with singleton babies and more highly educated mothers. Holding the baby for longer was associated with gestational age. The most important factor supporting parent–infant closeness was the opportunity to stay overnight in the NICU. Having other children and the distance from home to the hospital had no impact on parent–infant closeness.;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;328 (parents);no;-
Rashid;2016;Physical and visual accessibilities in intensive care units: A comparative study of open-plan and racetrack units;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84987814843&doi=10.1097%2fCNQ.0000000000000126&partnerID=40&md5=d25a023c5b2c3f31db46582f68c20176;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire and observations (quantitative);86%;This study compared physical and visual accessibilities and their associations with staff perceptionand interaction behaviors in 2 intensive care units (ICUs) with open-plan and racetrack layouts.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;According to the study, physical and visual accessibilities were different in the 2 ICUs, and clinicians’ primary workspaces were physically and visually more accessible in the open-plan ICU. Physical and visual accessibilities affected how well clinicians’ knew their peers and where their peers were locatedin these units. Physical and visual accessibilities also affected clinicians’ perception of interaction and communication and of teamwork and collaboration in these units. Additionally, physical and visual accessibilities showed significant positive associations with interaction behaviors in these units, with the open-plan ICU showing stronger associations. However, physical accessibilitieswere less important than visual accessibilities in relation to interaction behaviors in these ICUs.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;81;no;-
Rashid;2018;Perceptual Effects of Physical and Visual Accessibilities in Intensive Care Units: A Quasi-experimental Study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045541355&doi=10.1097%2fCNQ.0000000000000200&partnerID=40&md5=21ca270284e991c5bfe12348278323db;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire and measurements;77%;This article reports the findings of a 2-phase quasi-experimental study looking at the perceptual effects of physical and visual accessibilities on clinical staff in intensive care units (ICUs).;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;It is concluded that staff perception is likely to change over time even in the absence of environmental changes, but any change in staff perception can be made more effective when it is associated with thoughtful environmental design changes.;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;81 questionnare responses from first phase, 50 from second phase.;no;-
Real;2017;The Role of the Built Environment: How Decentralized Nurse Stations Shape Communication, Patient Care Processes, and Patient Outcomes;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85000623051&doi=10.1080%2f10410236.2016.1239302&partnerID=40&md5=e337dc406b32ab721af5a6e6f5962059;ED;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Focus groups interviews. Quantitative modeling was employed to assess walking distances;67%;To qualitatively investigate how the built environment impacts communication, patient care processes, and patient outcomes.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;Nurses walked significantly more in the new hospital environment. Three insights developed in relationship to system structures, processes, and outcomes. (1) decentralized nurse stations changed system interdependencies by reducing nurse-to-nurse interactions and teamwork while heightening nurse interdependencies and teamwork with other health care occupations. (2), many nursing-related processes remained centralized while nurse stations were decentralized, creating systems-based problems for nursing care. (3), nursing communities of practices were adversely affected by the new design. Implications of this study suggest that nurse station design shapes communication, patient care processes, and patient outcomes.;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;35;no;-
Real;2018;Using Systems Theory to Examine Patient and Nurse Structures, Processes, and Outcomes in Centralized and Decentralized Units;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718763794;Surgery;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire with closed and open ended questions and observations. Analyses were both quantitative and qualitative;57%;To understand how changes to physical design structures impact communication processes and patient and staff design-related outcomes.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Patients preferred the decentralized units because of larger single-occupancy rooms, greater privacy/confidentiality, and overall satisfaction with design. Nurses had a more complex response. Nurses approved the patient rooms, unit environment, and noise levels in decentralized units. However, they reported reduced access to support spaces, lower levels of team/mentoring communication, and less satisfaction with design than in centralized units. Qualitative findings supported these results. Nurses were more positive about centralized units and patients were more positive toward decentralized units.;yes;yes;no;yes;no;yes;62 pre, 49 post;yes;26 pre, 51 post;no;-
Real et al.;2019;The Social Logic of Nursing Communication and Team Processes in Centralized and Decentralized Work Spaces;https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1536940;General;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;grounded theory;Focus groups;57%;How nurses made sense of changes in nurse station design and how they characterized communication processes within a hospital unit before and after it moved from an existing hospital into a newly designed trauma-1 level hospital;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;nursing communication was more frequent, relational and supportive in centralized spaces while distinguished by fragmentation and information exchange in decentralized units;no;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;41;no;-
Redstone;2011;An audit of patients' experiences and opinions concerning mirrors in a UK burns service;"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052968025&doi=10.1016%2fj.burns.2011.04.016&partnerID=40&md5=6ded3dc6f2948dc58b6619127da0f252;https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0305417911001434/1-s2.0-S0305417911001434-main.pdf?_tid=923cf347-f7f6-4ade-9af4-feb1053d18fd&acdnat=1530194643_8be72bd460c4bbd6e09e9963390e4d7f";Medical;UK;UK;Quantitative;Observational;Cross sectional;Quesitonnaire;65%;The aim of this audit was to explore patients’ experiences of and opinions concerning the presence of mirrors in a UK burns service. A secondary aim was to establish current practice in relation to the presence and use of mirrors in other UK burns inpatient services.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Mirrors should be present in all adult inpatient burns services to normalise the environment. However, they should be concealable in order to tailor to individual patients’ needs or responses to their injuries. This would also permit them to view their injuries in their own time and only if they choose. Patients should be psychologically prepared regarding the presence of mirrors.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;60 (200);no;-;no;-
Riet;2014;Nurses' stories of a 'Fairy Garden' healing haven for sick children;http://ludwig.lub.lu.se/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,uid&db=ccm&AN=103855118&site=ehost-live;Pediatric;First authors university is in Australia. The studied environment is in Thailand;Asia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Narrative;Focus groups;57%;To report on the stories of student nurses who participated in formal and informal activities in a healing haven environment calld a Faiiry Garden.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;In this study the place of a FG has been investigated as a non-clinical environment providing sick children with exposure to nature, play activities and spaces to explore. Findings include three main threads: freedom to be a child not a sick child, engaging in care and professionalism, a moment in time of living fantasy;no;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;8;no;-
Robinson;2015;The impact of the environment on patient experiences of hospital admissions in palliative care;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26408427/;Palliative;New Zealand (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Interviews;62%;To explore the impact of environment on experiences of hospitalisation from the perspective of patient's with palliative care needs.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Emulating the ‘ideal’ environment for palliative care such as that provided in a hospice setting is an unrealistic goal for acute hospitals. Paying attention to the things that can be changed, such as enabling family to stay and improving the flexibility of the physical environment while improving the social interplay between patients and health professionals, may be a more realistic approach than replicating the hospice environment in order to reduce the burden of hospitalisations for patients with palliative care needs.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;12 participated in two interviews, 2 more in one interview;no;-;no;-
Rodrigues et al.;2019;Low light in delivery room: obstetric nursing's experiences;https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2019.20180464;Pediatric;Brasil (South America);South America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;unspecified;Interivews;62%;To understand the experiences of obstetric nurses accomplishing the delivery under a low light environment.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"Three themes were studied: 1- Benefits attributed to low light in the delivery room; 2- Difficulties attributed to low light in the delivery room and 3- Effects of low light on the performance of the professional. Low light may facilitate the delivery and increase attention to the moment experienced by the woman and her baby, providing autonomy for the woman and humanized care on the part of the team.The sector’s work dynamics and the lack of familiarity with the method have emerged as difficulties, on the part of some professionals and parturients.";yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;yes;8;no;-
Rogers;2013;Ergonomics and nursing in hospital environments;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887480567&doi=10.3928%2f21650799-20130916-09&partnerID=40&md5=c52e48fcd51f63822c861ffd872e227d;General;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Focus groups, observations, interviews;52%;To describe workplace conditions, the environment, and activities that may contribute to musculoskeletal injuries among nurses, as well as identifies solutions to decrease these risks and improve work-related conditions.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Several key contributing factors, including the physical environment (e.g., layout and organization of work stations), work organization and culture (e.g., heavy workload, inadequate staffing, lack of education), and work activities (e.g., manual lifting of patients, lack of assistive devices), were identified;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;42 in focus groups but unclear for observations and interviews;no;-
Rogers;2016;The Importance of the Physical Environment for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299486957_The_Importance_of_the_Physical_Environment_for_Child_and_Adolescent_Mental_Health_Services;Psychiatric;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;70%;This study examined the relationships between appraisals of the physical environment with the subjective experience of consumers, and work satisfaction of clinicians, in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS).;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Clinicians were found to be much more critical of the physical environment compared with consumers. Moderate associations were found between appraisal of the physical environment and subjective experience of consumers. A strong positive association was found between clinician appraisal of the physical environment and overall work satisfaction.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;79;yes;59;yes;85
Rosbergen;2017;Qualitative investigation of the perceptions and experiences of nursing and allied health professionals involved in the implementation of an enriched environment in an Australian acute stroke unit;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29273658;Medical;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Interviews;81%;To understand perceptions and experiences of nursing and allied health professionals involved in implementing an enriched environment in an acute stroke unit.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;An enriched environment was described to shift the focus to recovery in the acute setting, which was experienced through increased patient activity, greater psychological well-being and empowering patients and families. Integral to building the team were positive interdisciplinary team dynamics and education. The impact of the enriched environment on workload was diversely experienced by staff. Staff reflected that changing work routines was difficult. Contextual factors such as a supportive physical environment and variety in individual enrichment opportunities were indicated to enhance implementation.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;n=10;no;-
Rousek;2011;The use of simulated visual impairment to identify hospital design elements that contribute to wayfinding difficulties;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80051470432&doi=10.1016%2fj.ergon.2011.05.002&partnerID=40&md5=3e49339dc340c14be82e7bd56d0fcfa6;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non-RCT. Case-crossover with two arms;Questionnaire;50%;To identify the current and overlooked issues in hospital wayfinding for all users and to categorize the key areas and elements resulting in hospital wayfinding design flaws.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;The study found that the participants encountered many problem areas within the hospital that are present in many other healthcare facilities. The visual condition produced higher in trying to find the way and completion times for destinations compared to normal conditions. In addition, the normal vision condition produced significantly higher (positive) wayfinding experience ratings for signage, objects, surfaces, lighting and overall wayfinding compared to the visual condition.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;no;-;yes;n=50 (participants with normallly corrected vision(volunteered for this study))
Sadatsafavi;2015;Factors influencing evaluation of patient areas, work spaces, and staff areas by healthcare professionals;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84931388548&doi=10.1177%2f1420326X13514868&partnerID=40&md5=2c88851fc6f5d168f08b09c13892a04e;ED;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross sectional;Questionnaire;55%;To investigate salient dimensions of employees’ perceptions of healthcare facilities and differences across demographic groups.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Findings of this study highlight the importance of attention to caregiver needs for a safe and comfortable work environment via finishing materials, indoor air quality, and furniture design. In comparison, features that address the visual quality of the work environment, such as window views and artwork, were found to have smaller associations with positive evaluations by employees. However, in non-clinical staff areas, employees appreciate features improving the visual quality of their rest area. The study also found that younger employees and those newer to the facility would appreciate improvements in the architectural/physicalfeatures to a greater extent.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;496 (ca 2200);no;-
Sadatsafavi;2015;Patient experience with hospital care - comparison of a sample of green hospitals and non-green hospitals;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261552919_Patient_Experience_with_Hospital_Care_-_Comparison_of_a_Sample_of_Green_Hospitals_and_Non-Green_Hospitals;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;60%;In this study, data from the public Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey is used to compare the performance of green hospitals with the average performance of traditional hospitals;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;This study included 19 green hospitals and found that patients hospitalized in green facilities reported overall higher ratings than those in traditional hospitals when compared to the average performance of traditional hospitals of similar sizes and locations.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;3,578 usable records were obtained;no;-;no;-
Sadatsafavi;2015;Physical work environment as a managerial tool for decreasing job-related anxiety and improving employee-employer relations;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953343896&doi=10.1097%2f00115514-201503000-00007&partnerID=40&md5=d2af18c1f48d763d4f44ca5c56c94faf;ED;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;82%;The main objective of this study was to test whether employees' evaluations of important environments within hospitals were significantly associated with their job-related attitudes and feelings, and whether this relationship varied across different demographic groups.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Employees' evaluations of their physical work environment were linked to lower job-related anxiety, higher job satisfaction, and increased organizational commitment. Perceived organizational support partly mediated these relationships, suggesting that employees view a healthy work environment as a sign that their organization values their well-being. Satisfaction with rest areas and work spaces had the greatest impact, while patient areas had a smaller effect. Employees newer to the facility and organization were more influenced by the physical work environment. Facility design can therefore be a managerial tool to improve job-related attitudes and foster employee commitment.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;circa 700;no;-
Sagah Zadeh et al.;2018;Alert Workplace From Healthcare Workers' Perspective: Behavioral and Environmental Strategies to Improve Vigilance and Alertness in Healthcare Settings;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586717729349;General;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cohort;Questionnaires Non-structured, semi-structured, and structured ;56%;To identify the behavioral and environmental strategies that healthcare workers view as helpful for managing sleepiness, improving alertness, and therefore optimizing workplace safety;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"In order by frequency of endorsement: dietary intervention; physical mobility; cognitive, sensory, or social stimulation; personal lifestyle strategies; and rest/nap opportunities were reported as behavioral strategies used to address workplace alertness. Compared to other environmental features, daylight and thermal comfort were perceived to be more important to addressing workplace alertness";yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;yes;136;no;-
Sagha Zadeh;2018;The Importance of Specific Workplace Environment Characteristics for Maximum Health and Performance: Healthcare Workers’ Perspective;https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001248;General;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire with closed and open ended questions and observations. Analyses were both quantitative and qualitative;58%;To examine the importance of specific workplace environment characteristics for maximum health and performance, assigned by healthcare employees, and how they relate to the nature of their work;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Our findings suggest that perceptions of key environment characteristics that safeguard health and performance in healthcare workplaces may vary by employee sex, setting, and nature of healthcare work involved. Theme and model descriptions of the influence of these factors on participant perceptions are provided.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;174;no;-;no;-
Salgado;2013;Copper surfaces reduce the rate of healthcare-acquired infections in the intensive care unit;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23571364;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT. Intention-to-treat randomized control trial;Measurements and medical records;64%;To determine whether placement of copper alloy-surfaced objects in an intensive care unit (ICU) reduces the risk of HAI.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Patients cared for in ICU rooms with copper alloy surfaces had a significantly lower rate of incident HAI and/or colonization with MRSA or VRE than did patients treated in standard rooms.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;614 randomized;no;-;no;-
Sandal;2017;Room for improvement: a randomised controlled trial with nested qualitative interviews on space, place and treatment delivery;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28768617;General;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Mixed methods;Experimental;RCT;Questionnaies and interviews;93%;To investigate the influence of the physical environment on exercise therapy, a recommended treatment for knee and hip pain.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Contrary to the hypothesis, the treatment response was greater in the standard environment for GPE (0.98) than the physically enhanced environment (0.37), though the between-group difference (0.61) did not reach statistical significance (p=0.07). The waitlist group reported no improvement. Interviews revealed that participants in the standard environment felt greater social cohesion and a sense of being at home. Secondary outcomes and qualitative findings supported the primary result, with no differences in muscle strength and aerobic capacity between the exercise groups.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;103 answered questionnaire and 12 + 13 from intervention arms participated in focus groups;yes;2;no;-
Schreuder;2016;Healing Environments: What Design Factors Really Matter According to Patients? An Exploratory Analysis;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988369358&doi=10.1177%2f1937586716643951&partnerID=40&md5=d7510466e839d35704ffeed5b5b1962a;Medical;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;50%;The main aim of this research was to identify the impact of design characteristics (DCs) ofa patient room on self-reported patient well-being.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;They found that spatial comfort,safety and security, autonomy, and associated DCs have the strongest ability to influence patient’s self-reported well-being in a patient room. Privacy appears to have the smallest influence.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;379;no;-;no;-
Scrivener et al.;2019;Observations of Activity Levels in a Purpose-Built, Inpatient, Rehabilitation Facility;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718823519;Rehabilitation;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;cohort (prosp);Observation;58%;This study investigates activity levels of inpatients undergoing rehabilitation in a new rehabilitation facility with innovative design and multidisciplinary care, comparing weekday and weekend activity levels, as well as changes over a 12-month period;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Participants were engaged in activity for 86% of the day, with physical activity accounting for 51%, cognitive activity 28%, and social activity 42%. There was more physical activity and less social activity on weekdays compared to weekends. Overall, participants were alone and inactive for 12% of the day;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;yes;15;no;-;no;-
Shah;2011;Research of a Holiday kind: elevators or stairs?;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22159365;Laboratory;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non-RCT. Experimental with two conditions and case crossover;Observation (measurment) and questionnaire;60%;Staff in hospitals frequently travel between floors and choose between taking the stairs or elevator. They compared the time savings with these two options.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;Taking the stairs rather than the elevator saved about 15 minutes each workday. This 3% savings per workday could translate into improved productivity as well as increased fitness.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;2;yes;2;no;-
Shannon;2018;Can the physical environment itself influence neurological patient activity?;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09638288.2017.1423520?needAccess=true;Rehabilitation;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Behavioural mapping, environmental assessment and medical records;73%;To evaluate if a changed physical environment following redesign of a hospital ward influenced neurological patient physical and social activity.;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Environmental Description Checklists showed similarities in design features in both neurological wards with similar numbers of de-centralized nursing stations, however there were more single rooms and varied locations to congregate in Ward B (30% more single-patient rooms and separate allied health therapy room). Patients were alone >60% of time in both wards, although there was more in bed social activity in Ward A and more out of bed social activity in Ward B. There were low amounts of physical activity outside of patient rooms in both wards. Significantly more physical activity occurred in Ward B patient rooms (median = 47%, IQR 14–74%) compared to Ward A (median = 2% IQR 0–14%), Wilcoxon Rank Sum test z = ?3.28, p = 0.001.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;n= 37;no;-;no;-
Shattell;2015;How Patients and Nurses Experience an Open Versus an Enclosed Nursing Station on an Inpatient Psychiatric Unit;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84952785003&doi=10.1177%2f1078390315617038&partnerID=40&md5=403c61a503f36d75863acc58ee49bf5d;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Interivews;62%;To describe nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of the inpatient environment both before the removal of a Plexiglas enclosure around a nurses’ station and after its removal;Patient centered care;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Nurses had mixed feelings about the enclosure, reporting that it provided for confidentiality and a concentrated work space but also acknowledged the challenge of the barrier for communication with their patients. Patients unanimously preferred the nurses’ station without the barrier, reporting increased feelings of freedom, safety, and connection with the nurses after its removal;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;13;yes;16;no;-
Sheehan;2013;Evaluating the built environment in inpatient psychiatric wards;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883190905&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ps.201200208&partnerID=40&md5=04f8348ff8ed9be6caf301c096dc1987;Psychiatric;UK (England);UK;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Quesitonnaire;54%;To describe the built environment in a sample of inpatient psychiatric wards in England and investigate relationships between staff satisfaction with the built environment of the ward and objective design features of the environment.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Staff satisfaction with the built environment was associated with noncorridor design and with the provision of personal bathrooms for patients. No association with observability of patients, exterior views, or other facilities was found. There was no difference between nurses and other groups in satisfaction with overall design, but nurses rated ward environment lower on ensuring safety (p=.036) and on fitness for purpose (p=.012).;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;-;yes;1540 (2655);no;-
Shepley;2016;Mental and behavioral health environments: critical considerations for facility design;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978897478&doi=10.1016%2fj.genhosppsych.2016.06.003&partnerID=40&md5=142518ac18e390aac6181ce7cb179161;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Literature review, interviews and focus groups;65%;The purpose of the study was to identify features in the physical environment that are believed to positively impact staff and patients in psychiatric environments and use these features as the foundation for future research regarding the design of mental and behavioral health facilities.;Patient centered care;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Responses of interviews illustrate current opinion regarding best practice in the design of psychiatric facilities. The findings emphasize the need for more substantive research on appropriate physical environments in mental and behavioral health settings.;no;yes;yes;no;yes;no;-;yes;7 clinicians, 4 academics/researchers, 5 architects/designers, 1 researcher/practitioner and 2 administrators.;no;-
Shepley;2017;Mental and behavioral health settings: Importance & effectiveness of environmental qualities & features as perceived by staff;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011872836&doi=10.1016%2fj.jenvp.2017.01.005&partnerID=40&md5=d1b1c5617d02900dc98c4025f86c5043;Psychiatric;Researchers are from USA. The study is done on facilities in USA, Australia, Canada and United Kingdom;Comparison;Quantitative;Observational;Cross sectional;Questionnaire (but based on previously reported qualitative study);53%;The purpose of the study was four-fold: to develop and test a tool for the evaluation of mental and behavioral health (MBH) facilities, to evaluate the importance and effectiveness of specific environmental qualities and features, to generate design guidelines for MBH facilities, and to make recommendations for future research.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The researchers determined that the PSED was suitable for future research with minor modifications. Other findings included staff support for private patient rooms, staff recognition of the critical role of positive distraction, and the importance of aesthetics.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;134;no;-
Sherman-Bien;2011;Quantifying the relationship among hospital design, satisfaction, and psychosocial functioning in a pediatric hematology-oncology inpatient unit;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856372053&doi=10.1177%2f193758671100400404&partnerID=40&md5=2ff4c1b5516d417ed87e9b9af6af582c;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaira;75%;To investigate the effects of the built environment on hospitalized pediatric hematology-oncology patients and their parents by testing the hypothesis that perceived built environment satisfaction mediates the relationship between the objective built environment and psychosocial functioning, as well as parental healthcare satisfaction.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Both pediatric hematology-oncology patients and their parents can reliably report their own perceived built environment satisfaction, which is significantly related to the quality of the objective built environment. For parents, results support the mediational hypothesis, highlighting the importance that perceived built environment satisfaction plays in psychosocial functioning and healthcare satisfaction.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;90;no;-;yes;149 parents
Shields et al.;2019;Consumers' Suggestions for Improving the Mental Healthcare System: Options, Autonomy, and Respect;https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00423-7;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional ;Online survey;64%;To explore consumers’ suggestions for improving the mental health- care system;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Findings suggest that consumers see the need for improvement in patient-centered care. While access is the focus of much mental healthcare policy discussions, the ultimate goal should be provisioning person-centered mental healthcare;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;46;no;-;no;-
Siddiqui;2015;Changes in patient satisfaction related to hospital renovation: Experience with a new clinical building;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923834182&doi=10.1002%2fjhm.2297&partnerID=40&md5=c0e85f6c868817ce755808ca1879702f;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post with comparison group;Routinely collected surveys;82%;To characterize changes in patient satisfaction that occurred when clinical services were relocated to a new clinical building with patient-centered features.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;"The primary outcome was satisfaction scores on the Press Ganey and Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey, dichotomized at highest category versus lower categories. They performed logistic regression to identify predictors of ""top-box"" scores. RESULTS: The move was associated with improved room- and visitor-related satisfaction without significant improvement in satisfaction with clinical providers, ancillary staff, and only 1 of 4 measures of overall satisfaction improved. The most prominent increase was with pleasantness of décor (33.6% vs 64.8%) and visitor accommodation and comfort (50.0% vs 70.3%).";yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;1648 pre 1373 post and 1593 pre contro and 1049 post contro;no;-;no;-
Simon;2016;Is single room hospital accommodation associated with differences in healthcare-associated infection, falls, pressure ulcers or medication errors? A natural experiment with non-equivalent controls;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26811373;ED;UK;UK;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post, with comparison to hospitals that did not change;Medical records;67%;The aim of this study was to assess the impact on safety outcomes of the move to a newly built all single room acute hospital;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;For all changes in patient safety events that coincided with the move to single rooms, they found plausible alternative explanations such as case-mix change or disruption as a result of the re-organization of services after the move. The results provide no evidence of either benefit or harm from all single room accommodation in terms of safety-related outcomes, although there may be short-term risks associated with a move to single rooms.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;Unclear;no;-;no;-
Singh;2015;Outcome of in-patient falls in hospitals with 100% single rooms and multi-bedded wards;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947722665&doi=10.1093%2fageing%2fafv124&partnerID=40&md5=91f9be9fb829f15223fce0103ecd4ca4;Medical;UK;UK;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records;83%;In this study, they compared the outcome of in-patient falls in two different settings: a 100% single-bedded unit and a multi-bedded ward (M-BW)-type hospital;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;this study shows a significantly increased incidence of falls and fracture in a hospital design with SRs compared with a multi-bedded facility. Consideration should be given to increased incidence of falls and falls-related injury in SRs when deciding on the percentage of single-room provision in new hospitals to admit frail older adults.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;Unclear, only report on number of beds and number of occupied days;no;-;no;-
Sivak;2012;Implementation of comfort rooms to reduce seclusion, restraint use, and acting-out behaviors;https://doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20110112-01;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire and medical records;52%;To examine the positive impact on clients and nursing staff when comfort rooms are implemented at one small, rural, tertiary mental health hospital.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;With the institution of comfort rooms, one small, rural, tertiary mental health hospital demonstrated a reduction in seclusion and restraint use and assaultive behaviors of clients. In addition, 92.9% of the clients who used these rooms found them to be helpful when they experienced increasing levels of distress.;yes;no;yes;no;no;yes;14 (there were 14 patients who completed the forms but the eligible number was higher with an average of 28 women 42 men);no;-;no;-
Sjolander et al.;2019;Hospital Design with Nature Films Reduces Stress-Related Variables in Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719837754;General;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Objective measures;58%;To examine whether patients’ experiences could be improved during colonoscopy by designing the examination room to include a digital screen showing calm nature films;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The presence of calm nature films during colonoscopy decreased the release of cortisol, increased prolactin levels, and enhanced oxygen saturation. These effects were more apparent in patients who were unfamiliar with the procedure and the environment, patients who underwent the examination without analgesics or sedation, and patients whose exam- ination procedure was relatively difficult and took a long time;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;137;no;-;no;-
Skubik-Peplaski;2016;The Environmental Impact on Occupational Therapy Interventions;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941242366&doi=10.3109%2f07380577.2015.1063180&partnerID=40&md5=b3286a536c836f7bfe24e90b82867b2f;Rehabilitation;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Experimental;Non-RCT. Case-crossover with two arms, one intervention and one control;Medical records and observations (mostly qualitative);53%;The purpose of this study was to investigate how the environment influenced the intervention choices occupational therapists made for patients recovering from a stroke in an inpatient rehabilitation hospital;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;Three occupational therapists were observed providing intervention for six patients over a 16-month period. Treatment spaces included a therapy gym, gym with kitchen combination, and a home-like space. Furniture was added to the therapy gym to be more home-like midway through the study. Observations included therapist selection of treatment location and interventions, and observational data of the environment and interactions among therapists and patients. This study found that inpatient rehabilitation environments did influence interventions. The occupational therapists provided therapy in the standard therapy gym environment most often, whether it was enhanced to be more home-like or not, and predominately used preparatory methods.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;3 OT;no;-
Slatyer;2015;Finding privacy from a public death: A qualitative exploration of how a dedicated space for end-of-life care in an acute hospital impacts on dying patients and their families;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938203342&doi=10.1111%2fjocn.12845&partnerID=40&md5=17a046905054360eed101644a0a23e58;ED;Australia (Australasia);Australia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non-specific, explorative ;Semistructured interviews and questionnaires;71%;To explore the experiences and perceptions of hospital staff caring for dying patients in a dedicated patient/family room (named Lotus Room).;Patient centered care;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The Lotus Room was seen as a large, private and, ultimately, safe space for patients and families within the public hospital environment. Family feedback supported staff perspectives that the Lotus Room facilitated family presence and communication.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;17;yes;7 families
Smith;2016;Occupancy and patient care quality benefits of private room relative to multi-bed patient room designs for five different children's hospital intensive and intermediate care units;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84985897152&doi=10.3233%2fWOR-162358&partnerID=40&md5=53718431061703ef4f9ae743eadc78a3;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire with quantitative and qualitative elements and observations;69%;The objective was to ascertain if PR designs benefit occupancy and patient care quality on these units.;Safe care;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;yes;With the PR designs, for 38 of 48 pairwise comparisons for the twelve major OPCQ indicators, CVCC staff rankings are significantly lower than those by staff on the other four units. For 47 of 48 pairwise comparisons for the twelve major OPCQ indicators, NICU, ICC, Med/Surg, and PICU staff rankings for PR designs do not differ significantly from those for MB designs. Comments by staff on all five units target numerous PR OPCQ defects.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;128;no;-
Smith;2018;Noise in the neonatal intensive care unit: a new approach to examining acoustic events;https://doi.org/10.4103/nah.NAH_53_17;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Measurements of noise;64%;This study sought to identify the types, rate, and levels of acoustic events that occur in the NICU and their potential effects on infant physiologic state.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;While correlations between acoustic events and infant physiologic state could not be established due to the extreme variability of infant state, a few trends were visible.;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;3 infants;no;-;no;-
Sohrabi;2010;Privacy, confidentiality and facility criteria in designing emergency departments of the teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences in 2007;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957580766&partnerID=40&md5=d14c1fa690aab17f911ab1a320c83049;ED;Iran;Middle East;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire and observation (probably quantitative);57%;To evaluate the design of emergency departments regarding to the patients' and staff's privacy, confidentiality and facilities in general teaching hospitals;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Eleven out of nineteen criteria (58%) for the facilities were not found in the emergency departments. Privacy criteria had an overall partially more acceptable situation. Only one criterion of privacy and confidentiality was negative for all the emergency departments. It was calm gynecologic and delivery room with specific toilet. The mean was 469.6 (SD=96) swuare meters for existing extent of emergency departments and 1461.6 (SD=262.1) square meters for the ideal values (P<0.01).;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;yes;no;-
Soremekun;2014;The effect of an emergency department dedicated midtrack area on patient flow;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=The+effect+of+an+emergency+department+dedicated+midtrack+area+on+patient+flow;ED;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records;100%;To study the effect of a dedicated “midtrack” area on key CMS ED patient flow metrics, ED LOS, and overall left without being seen (LWBS) rates.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;yes;Comparing pre- and post-intervention periods, mean ED daily visits (173 vs. 182) and total daily patient hours (889 vs. 942) were significantly higher in the post-intervention period (p<0.0001). There was no significant change in the percentage of patients with high triage acuity levels. Despite the increased volume and crowding, unadjusted and adjusted LWBS rates decreased from 6.85% to 4.46% (p<0.0001) and 7.33% to 3.97% (p<0.0001), respectively. The mean LOS for medium-acuity patients decreased by 39.2 minutes (p<0.0001). For high-acuity patients, the mean time to room showed no significant change (14.69 vs. 15.21 minutes, p=0.07), but their mean LOS increased by 24 minutes (331 vs. 355 minutes, p<0.0001).;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;91,903;no;-;no;-
Soubra et al.;2018;Effect of a Quality Improvement Project to Reduce Noise in a Pediatric Unit;https://doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000413;Pediatric;Lebanon;Middle East;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Satisfaction survey;64%;To assess effects of a multidisciplinary noise reduction program on a pediatric unit in an acute care hospital in a developing country;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"There was a significant decrease in noise of 8 A-weighted decibels when comparing the values before and after implementing the quality improvement project. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction ratings. Noise in the pediatric unit exceeded recommended guidelines; decreasing the levels was possible and sustainable, which can improve the psychological and physiological wellbeing of hospitalized children.";yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;25 (pre) and 38 (post);no;-;no;-
Southard;2012;Enclosed versus open nursing stations in adult acute care psychiatric settings: does the design affect the therapeutic milieu?;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22533842;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;57%;To examine the effect of nursing station design on the therapeutic milieu in an adult acute care psychiatric unit;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;No statistically significant differences were found in patient or staff perceptions of the therapeutic milieu. No increase in aggression toward staff was found, given patients' ease of access to the nursing station.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;41 pre, 40 post;yes;13 pre, 12 post;no;-
Steinke;2015;Assessing the physical service setting: a look at emergency departments;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25816379;ED;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross sectional;Questionnaire;74%;To determine the attributes of the physical setting that are important for developing apositive service climate within emergency departments and to validate a measure for assessing physical service design.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;This empirical study found that attributes of cleanliness, user-friendliness, ambience, amenities, layout, and flexibility/adaptability were significantly correlated with developing a positive SC in emergency departments—attributes of the physical setting that were rated poorly by respondents.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;180 nurses (500);no;-
Stevens;2010;Neonatal intensive care nursery staff perceive enhanced workplace quality with the single-family room design;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951821437&doi=10.1038%2fjp.2009.137&partnerID=40&md5=49192dc3274163605c30b42af6bfbe7a;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;65%;To compare perceived workplace quality in an open-bay neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and a single-family room;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"Staff workplace quality perceptions assessed included the following: the quality of being a Sanford Health System employee (NSnot significant), the quality of the NICU physical work environment, the quality of NICU patient care, the job quality in the NICU, the quality of health and safety in the NICU (NS), the quality of safety and security in the NICU, the quality of interaction with other members of the NICU health-care team (NS; in subanalysis nurse scores significantly declined), the quality of interaction with NICU technology and the off-job quality of life (NS). Scores for each category and the total scores were statistically greater in the SFR, except as noted (NS).";yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;217 in total, wherof 32 completed both time points;no;-
Stevens;2011;A comparison of parent satisfaction in an open-bay and single-family room neonatal intensive care unit;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053433621&doi=10.1177%2f193758671100400309&partnerID=40&md5=35de402c9ccb8a3380d2fdc08675bade;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;59%;To test the hypothesis that parental satisfaction with neonatal intensive care is greater in a single-family room facility as compared with a conventional open-bay neonatal intensive care unit (NICU);Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Parents whose babies received care in the single-family room facility expressed significantly improved survey responses in regard to the NICU environment, overall assessment of care, and total survey score than did parents of neonates in the open-bay facility. With the exception of the section on nursing in wich scores in both facilities were high, nonsignificant improvement in median scores for the sections on delivery, physicians, discharge planning, and personal issues were noted. The total median item score for familuy.centered care was significantly greater in the single-family room than the open-bay facility.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;no;-;yes;58 + 89 mothers
Stickland;2016;A qualitative study of sleep quality in children and their resident parents when in hospital;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84969746103&doi=10.1136%2farchdischild-2015-309458&partnerID=40&md5=819597ee1c39f3f7c9c85b9002b55cc7;Pediatric;UK;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Interviews;90%;They aimed to study the experiences of children and parents during hospital admissions.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Parents reported that they, and to a lesser extent their children, experienced reduced sleep quality. Noise and light as well as ward schedules were identified as key factors disrupting sleep. Parents reported that lack of sleep caused difficulties with their own emotional regulation and that of their child, affecting daytime parent-child relationships. Furthermore, they reported a negative impact of sleep deprivation on decision-making about their child's medical care;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;16;no;-;yes;17
Stiffler;2015;Hallway Patients Reduce Overall Emergency Department Satisfaction;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085315;ED;Scandinavia;Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;70%;The primary outcome for the study is the overall satisfaction score of ED patients treated in HW vs. TR. Secondary outcomes were satisfaction scores specific to medical care received, the location in which theyey received their care, and their willingness to return to the ED for future emergency care needs.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Overall satisfaction scores were 8 mm lower for those patients treated in hallway treatment areas, and there was a 20-mm difference with regard to location only. After controlling for apparent baseline differences between the groups, a 7.6-mm difference for overall satisfaction remained;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;135 HW group and 135 in TR;no;-;no;-
Stiller;2017;ICU ward design and nosocomial infection rates: a cross-sectional study in Germany;https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0195670116304479/1-s2.0-S0195670116304479-main.pdf?_tid=3a40e9f6-14b1-4509-98d4-7699d829164a&acdnat=1537804905_f525d0aebee7b8ff444a5c71298782e2;ICU;Germany;Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;57%;To collect data on the current status of ward design for intensive care units(ICUs) and to analyse associations between particular design factors and nosocomial infection rates.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Only minor associations were found between design factors and ICU infection rates. Most were surrogates for other risk factors.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;1357 participating hospitals;no;-
Stremler;2011;Factors influencing sleep for parents of critically ill hospitalised children: A qualitative analysis;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650975709&doi=10.1016%2fj.iccn.2010.11.001&partnerID=40&md5=79bc7923a5db6ee9b50e786cea2db02f;Pediatric;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Questionnaire with open ended questions (analysed with qualitative methods);86%;To describe factors affecting the sleep of parents of critically ill children and to determine strategies used to improve their sleep.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Seven themes emerged related to influences on and strategies to improve sleep: (1) the child's condition; (2) being at the bedside or not; (3) difficult thoughts and feelings; (4) changes to usual sleep; (5) caring for self and family; (6) the hospital environment and (7) access to sleep locations. Parents described multiple, often competing, demands that affected their ability to achieve sleep, regardless of location. Many more factors that influenced sleep were described than strategies to improve sleep, highlighting the need for nurses to explore with parents the unique barriers and facilitators to sleep they encounter and to develop and rigorously test interventions to improve sleep";yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;n=56;no;-;yes;n=118 (parents)
Sundberg;2017;Nursing staff's experiences of working in an evidence-based designed ICU patient room-An interview study;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28595825;ICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative ;Non specific ;Interivews;76%;The aim was to explore the experiences of nursing staff of working in an evidence-based designed ICU patient room.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The experience of working in an evidence-based designed intensive care unit patient room was that the room stimulates alertness and promotes wellbeing in the nursing staff, fostering their caring activities but also that the interior design of the medical and technical equipment challenges nursing actions.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;yes;13;no;-
Taghizadeh;2015;Iranian mothers' perceptions of the impact of the environment on psychological birth trauma: A qualitative study;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24758150;Maternal;Iran;Middle East;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;In-depth individual interviews;52%;To explore the impact of the current environment that contributed to Iranian mothers' psychological birth trauma;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The impact of the environment was described as human environment and non-human environment. Human environment referred mainly to the interaction between the mother and the health-care professionals. The non-human environment involved the hospital and the labour and delivery room.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;23 mothers;no;-;no;-
Tandberg et al.;2019;Parent psychological wellbeing in a single-family room versus an open bay neonatal intensive care unit;https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0224488;PICU/NICU;Norway;Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;cross-sectional;Objective measures;62%;To compare emotional distress in the form of depression, anxiety, stress and attachment scores among parents of very preterm infants cared for in a single-family rooms unit vs an open bay unit.;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Parents were present 21 hours/day in the single-family room unit vs 7 hours/day in the Open bay unit. Ninety-three percent of the fathers in the single-family rooms unit were present.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;77 infants;no;-;yes;133 parents
Tandberg et al.;2018;Parent-Infant Closeness, Parents' Participation, and Nursing Support in Single-Family Room and Open Bay NICUs;https://doi.org/10.1097/jpn.0000000000000359;PICU/NICU;Norway;Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;cross-sectional;Internet based questionnaires;64%;To prospectively measure and com- pare parent-infant closeness as parental presence and skin to skin contact (SSC);Activity and behavior;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;SFR facilitated parent-infant closeness, parental participation in medical rounds, and increased support from nurses. SFR mothers were more present (20 hours daily vs. 7 hours in OBs), initiated skin-to-skin contact (SSC) for 4 hours vs. 12 hours in OBs, and performed SSC for 180 minutes/day vs. 120 minutes/day in OBs. SFR fathers were also more present (8 vs. 4 hours), initiated SSC for 3 hours vs. 40 minutes, and performed SSC for 67 minutes/day vs. 31 minutes/day. SFR parents rated participation in medical rounds and emotional support higher than OB parents. Parental trust was rated higher by nurses in the OB unit.;no;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;64 infants;yes;129 nurses;yes;115 parents
Teltsch;2011;Infection acquisition following intensive care unit room privatization;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651273197&doi=10.1001%2farchinternmed.2010.469&partnerID=40&md5=0885a9b85c3231b746cf4a3fb43755a6;ICU;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post with comparison group;Medical records;89%;To compared the rates of acquisition of infectious organisms in an ICU before and after a change from multibed to single rooms.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Conversion to single rooms can substantially reduce the rate at which patients acquire infectious organisms while in the ICU.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;19343;no;-;no;-
Thiel;2014;Building design and performance: A comparative longitudinal assessment of a Children's hospital;"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900824224&doi=10.1016%2fj.buildenv.2014.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=18adbe76a5ea9791e1c702ceb0783d8d;https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0360132314000912/1-s2.0-S0360132314000912-main.pdf?_tid=8281b3c0-55d8-46c8-ab67-cb24e5d4c5a0&acdnat=1530194335_bd7873e5fd432c10c156cf29adb97bc4";Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical/hospital records;58%;To conduct a whole-building analysis using a host of metrics, including green building metrics, with the goal of providing designers and healthcare providers quantitative data that can be used in their design and operations decisions.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Statistically significant improvements in productivity, staff satisfaction, and quality of care.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;Unclear;yes;Unclear;no;-
Thyssen;2014;How patients experience the surroundings in relation to patient participation: A qualitative study of inpatients with intestinal failure;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899627666&doi=10.2147%2fPPA.S59554&partnerID=40&md5=dff72363827df52045a2bfd7f305e924;Medical;UK;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative;Explorative;Semi-structured interviews;71%;They aimed to investigate how patients with intestinal failure experience their hospital surroundings in relation to patient participation;Patient centered care;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The patients described that the surroundings enabled them to participate in their treat-ment and care. The surroundings made it possible for them and encouraged them to participate through: the possibility to seek and get information and the possibility to participate in daily activities. This led to a feeling of independence, reassurance, normality, control, responsibility, and confidence.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;8;no;-;no;-
Timmermann;2013;Cancer patients and positive sensory impressions in the hospital environment - a qualitative interview study;"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871715950&doi=10.1111%2fecc.12007&partnerID=40&md5=47a7c110128f8582b129898999d38ad2;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/ecc.12007";Medical;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Phenomenological;Interviews, semi structured;71%;To explore and deepen our understanding of how cancer patients experience the meaning of positive sensory impressions in the hospital environment.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The participants experienced that positive sensory imporessions in the hospital environment had a significant impact on their mood, generating positve thoughts and feelings.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;6 patients;no;-;no;-
Timmermann;2015;Room for caring: patients' experiences of well-being, relief and hope during serious illness;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26279069;Medical;Denmark (Europe);Scandinavia;Qualitative;Qualitative;A phenomenological?hermeneutic study design;Interviews and observations;76%;To explore how seriously ill hospitalized patients' experience and assign meaning to their patient room.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The findings show that a view of nature and natural light in the form of sunlight or daylight in the patient room play a significant role in creating positive and supportive thoughts and emotions in the seriously ill patients. Three themes were identified: (i) Experiencing inner peace and an escape from negative thoughts, (ii) Experiencing a positive mood and hope and (iii) Experiencing good memories.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;12;no;-;no;-
Tinner;2018;Perceived Importance of Wellness Features at a Cancer Center: Patient and Staff Perspectives;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29488391;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;60%;To determine whether patients who are ill and caregivers who are well have different needs concerning the design, layout, and implementation of wellness features.;Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;All wellness features were viewed favorably by the two groups, with natural lighting, views of nature, and thermal comfort as top categories for both.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;n=62;yes;n=76;no;-
Trevisani;2010;Art in the hospital: its impact on the feelings and emotional state of patients admitted to an internal medicine unit;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20653484;Medical;Italy;Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;59%;To assess the impact of art contemplation on patients' adaptation to hospital confinement and the factors influencing this effect.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Embellishing clinical spaces with photographs has a positive effect on the adaptation to hospitalization in most patients. This effect is influenced by the patients' clinical status and self-perceived anxiety.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;239 (244);no;-;no;-
Trickey;2012;Sound levels, staff perceptions, and patient outcomes during renovation near the neonatal intensive care unit;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870288551&doi=10.1177%2f193758671200500407&partnerID=40&md5=b55814d42a5d066b6a12072f089960a4;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-, during, post;Questionnaire, measurements for noise, medical records;100%;To evaluate sound levels, staff perceptions, and patient outcomes during a year-long hospital renovation project on the florr above a neonatal intensive care unit.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"Equivalent sound levels were not significantly higher during construction. Most staff members (89%) perceived the renovation period as louder, and 83% reported interruptions of their work. Patient outcomes were the same or more positive during construction. Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants were less likely to require 24+ hours' mechanical ventilation during construction: 54% vs. 59% before (0R= 1.6, p=0.018) and 62% after (OR = 1.48, p=0.065); and they required a shorter total period of mechanical ventilation: 3.6 days vs. 8.0 before (p = 0.011) and 9.5 after (p=0.001). VLBW newborns' differences in ventilation days were mostly in the upper extremes; medians were similar in all periods: 0.6 days vs. 1 day precoistruction and 2 days postconstruction.";yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;n=unclear;yes;n=35;no;-
Trivedi et al.;2018;Perceived service quality, repeat use of healthcare services and inpatient satisfaction in emerging economy: Empirical evidences from India;http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-11-2017-0065;General;India;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;cross-sectional;Survey;84%;To understand that how different demographic variables and repeated availing of service from the same doctor or same hospital shape the overall perception of health-care service quality and satisfaction among inpatients admitted in private hospitals in an emerging economy;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Experience with hospital administration, doctors, nursing staff, physical environment, hospital pharmacy and physical environment predicts inpatient satisfaction. The physical environment was found to be significantly associated with satisfaction only among female inpatients. It was also found that continual availability of services either from the same hospital or doctor does not increase patient satisfaction.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;702;no;-;no;-
Trochelman;2012;Patients and their families weigh in on evidence-based hospital design;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860247483&doi=10.4037%2fccn2012785&partnerID=40&md5=767ee4253a5b32c0c86b17136dd4b3c6;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative;Structured interviews and pre-post questionnaire;Questionnaires, interview and hospital register data;71%;To examine responses of patients and their families of evidence-based design features incorporated in a new heart center;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Five general environment topics of focus emerged: privacy, space, noise, light, and overall atmosphere.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;103 (questionnaire) 91 (interviews, but mix of patients and family members);no;-;no;-
Trudel et al.;2018;Human factors considerations in designing for infection prevention and control in neonatal care – findings from a pre-design inquiry;https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2017.1330967;PICU/NICU;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;Non specific ;Naturalistic observation;72%;To develop an understanding of the systemic factors related to design that may be contributing to [infection] breaches;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;A lack of both design attributes and clarity about infection transmission zones may be undermining the healthcare workers’ understanding and application of good practice around infection control.;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;81;no;-
Trzpuc;2016;Does Space Matter? An Exploratory Study for a Child–Adolescent Mental Health Inpatient Unit;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988428954&doi=10.1177%2f1937586716634017&partnerID=40&md5=e59c5ed2302abbcec77f5c6e2c863d02;Psychiatric;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Image surveys, online staff surveys, and face-to-face staff interviews;70%;To explore design elements and spaces as a contributing influence to behavior and well-being for patients, staff, and families in a CAMH Unit.;Safe care;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Several design elements and spaces were identified through the image survey as influential in eliciting feelings of calm among patients. Additionally, staff were also influenced by the new unit design, generating feelings of calm, safety, and pride in the work environment.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;n=188;yes;N=52;no;-
Ullán;2012;Hospital Designs for Patients of Different Ages: Preferences of Hospitalized Adolescents, Nonhospitalized Adolescents, Parents, and Clinical Staff;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864802552&doi=10.1177%2f0013916511403802&partnerID=40&md5=d00f2a6bdb033e9e2557ac045e71ef3d;Laboratory;Spain (Europe);Europe;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Photographic comparison, questionnaire, and thematic analysis of open ended questions;87%;To compare preferences for diverse hospital designs atmospheres of hospitalised and non-hospitalised adolescents’ preferences with those of the adults in charge of their care. ;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;The results indicated high agreement among the groups about which atmosphere was preferable for children and for adults, and also-with nuances-about the suitability of the nonchild-like atmosphere for adolescents. No important differences were found between hospitalized and nonhospitalized adolescents' responses. The qualitative analyses revealed significant differences between the adolescents' and adults' response models in their ratings of the hospital setting design.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;88 (126);yes;46 health professionals;yes;76 adults who accompanied the patients
Ulrich;2018;Psychiatric ward design can reduce aggressive behavior;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.05.002;Psychiatric;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post with comparison group;Medical records;50%;Empirically evaluating a conceptual model for designing psychiatric wards to reduce aggression and violence through a study of aggressive incidents in psychiatric hospitals with varying environmental features while controlling for non-environmental factors influencing aggression.;Activity and behavior;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;The proportion of patients requiring injections declined (p<0.0027) in the new hospital compared to the old facility but did not change in the control hospital. Among patients who received injections, the average number of injections declined marginally in the new hospital compared to the old facility, but increased in the control hospital by 19%. The average number of physical restraints (among patients who received at least one) decreased 50% in the new hospital compared to the old.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;1305 (estimated, not based on records;no;-;no;-
Ulrich et al.;2019;ICU Patient Family Stress Recovery During Breaks in a Hospital Garden and Indoor Environments;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719867157;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;pre-post;Self-reported stress;58%;To measure the immediate change in intensive care unit (ICU) family members’ state stress levels from the beginning to the end of a person’s visit to a hospital garden and compare the changes produced by the garden with those associated with spending time in indoor hospital environments intended for respite and relaxation;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Stress scores significantly declined (i.e., improved) from the start to the end of a break on all Present Functioning Visual Analog Scale (PFVAS) subscales (p < .0001) in both the garden and indoors locations. Garden breaks resulted in significantly greater improvement in the “sadness” scale than breaks in indoor locations (p = .03), and changes in all five other PFVAS scores showed somewhat more reduction of stress for breaks spent in the garden than indoors, although these differences were not statistically significant;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;-;no;-;yes;42 family members
Urbanoski;2013;Does the redesign of a psychiatric inpatient unit change the treatment process and outcomes?;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883198618&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ps.004532012&partnerID=40&md5=d9297841a03a749a43188064586ccca0;Psychiatric;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Self-administered questionnaires and chart review;70%;To investigate whether ward atmosphere mediated the associations between unit redesign and patient outcomes, including treatment satisfaction and changes during treatment in mental health-related quality of life and functioning.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;After the redesign, participants perceived improved ward atmosphere, and the improvement was associated with greater treatment satisfaction and quality of life. Change in global functioning was independent of ward atmosphere.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;290 patients;no;-;no;-
Vaisman;2018;Examining the association between hospital-onset Clostridium difficile infection and multiple-bed room exposure: a case-control study;https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.163;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Case-control study;Medical records;89%;To determine whether assignment to a multiple-bed room increased the risk of hospital-onset C. difficile diarrhea (HO-CDI);Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Assignment of patients to multiple-bed rooms on general medical and surgical wards was not associated with an increased risk in the development of HO-CDI. Future investigation should be performed with larger cohorts in multiple sites to more definitively address the question because this issue could have implications for patient room assignment and hospital design.;no;yes;no;no;no;yes;In total, 187 cases were identified and matched with 512 and 515 controls for the admission and at-diagnosis analyses, respectively.;no;-;no;-
van den Berg;2017;Transition to a New Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Positive Effects on Staff Working Environment and How the Physical Environment Facilitates Family-Centered Care;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28121762;PICU/NICU;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire;71%;to evaluate the effects of a purpose-built neonatal ward on staff perceptions of job strain, the psychosocial climate, and the appropriateness of the physical environment;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;At the 2-year follow-up, staff stress levels had returned to preintervention levels. Participating staff perceived the purpose-built neonatal ward as being a significantly more appropriate physical environment for family-centered care of the infants and their families. The staff also perceived the psychosocial climate of the new NICU as significantly more person-centered in terms of having a more homey, comfortable, and everyday ambience and thus experienced as being more supportive. An NICU built according to recommended standards optimized the physical care environment for family-centered care and increased the staff working climate.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;59;no;-
van der Riet;2017;Family members’ experiences of a “Fairy Garden” healing haven garden for sick children;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953776173&doi=10.1016%2fj.colegn.2015.11.006&partnerID=40&md5=03e209eacb38ccd234b0c5c81b7e35d4;Pediatric;First authors university is in Australia. The studied environment is in Thailand;Asia;Qualitative;Qualitative;Non specific ;Focus groups;90%;"To explore experiences of family members of sick children who have participated in formal and informal activities in a child-centered environment called a ""Fairy Garde"".";Emotional wellbeing;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Findings show that the Fairy Garden (FG) offers a therapeutic modality of healing that improves the quality of life for sick children and includes storylines of happiness and relaxation, cooperation from the children, social interaction and learning. For family members the FG provided opportunities to relax with their sick child, watch as their child played in the garden and explored the variety of natural and built features and encouraged their child to eat. The FG allowed contacts to occur amongst family members of sick children, share information, prepare meals and spend time sitting and walking around the garden while waiting while their child received treatment.;no;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;unclear;yes;n=8;no;-
van der Riet et al.;2020;Hospitalized children's experience of a Fairy Garden in Northern Thailand;https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.482;Pediatric;Thailand;Asia;Qualitative;Qualitative ;Non specific ;Drawing, observations and talks;88%;To explore through draw, observation and talk hospitalized children's experience of a Fairy Garden in Northern Thailand;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Creating therapeutic environments for sick children benefits their hospital experience and provides more humanized care in helping to provide an escape from the clinical environment and assuage the stress of medical procedures.;no;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;17;no;-;no;-
van der Schaaf;2013;Impact of the physical environment of psychiatric wards on the use of seclusion;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873434835&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.bp.112.118422&partnerID=40&md5=40aad4784ad76b5840e76380ef63ba67;Psychiatric;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional?;Medical records;72%;To explore the effect of design features on the risk of being secluded, the number of seclusion incidents and the time in seclusion, for patients admitted to locked wards for intensive psychiatric care;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;14 design features had a significant effect on the risk of being secluded during admission. Outdoor space, special safety measures and large number of patients in the building increased the risk of being secluded. More total private space per patient, a higher level of comfort and greater visibility on the ward, decreased the risk of being secluded.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;14834;no;-;no;-
van Heuvelen ;2019;Isolation or interaction: healthcare provider experience of design change;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30737809/;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;ethnography;Observations and interviews;68%;"This study explores how healthcare providers experience and adapt to changes in healthcare facility design; a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) transitioning from an open-bay layout to single-patient rooms.";Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;Changing the structure of the NICU interfered with the original local organisational culture of collaboration. While providers actively worked to maintain the original culture, their success in doing so was mediated by the built environment. Responding to the new space, practitioners developed new practices. Some of the practices (such as doorway discussions and increased individual assessments) directly undermined the original organisational culture, whereas others (hallway hangouts and calling out) worked to transpose the original culture into the new space;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;40;no;-
Varughese;2012;A comparison of inhalational inductions for children in the operating room vs the induction room;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858073702&doi=10.1111%2fj.1460-9592.2011.03755.x&partnerID=40&md5=75555e35086ed7b7c0581b671474da0f;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Prospective observational;Observational, surveys;76%;To compare child distress, operating room utilization and efficiency, and parental satisfaction and safety, between an induction room and operating room;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;There were no signifiant differences in ICC scores between the groups. Anesthesia, nonoperative, and transport time were statistically less in the OR group when compared with the IR group, although total case process times were similar in both groups. While OR efficiency was significantly higher for the OR group, OR utilization did not differ between groups. The OR group had significantly higher number of anesthesia providers and a more experienced surgical team. Parents in the two groups were equally satisfied with their experience during induction, and none of the subjects had respiratory complications during the anesthesia induction.;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;498 patients;no;-;yes;196? (from Table 7)
Venkatesh;2011;Predictors of hand hygiene in the emergency department;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054868715&doi=10.1086%2f662374&partnerID=40&md5=712eaa20130ae9e06c1a62b602f91cea;ED;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Observational;Observations;73%;To observe predictors of hand hygien in the emergency deparmnet;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;They conducted an observational study to identify predictors of hand hygiene (HH) in the emergency department. Compliance with HH was 89.7% over 5,865 opportunities. Observation unit, hallway or high-visibility location, glove use, and worker type predicted worse HH. Hallway location was the strongest predictor (relative risk, 88.9% [95% confidence interval, 85.9%-92.1%]).;no;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;n is not clear but they observed 5865 HH opportunities;no;-
Verceles;2013;Ambient light levels and critical care outcomes;"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870803548&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcrc.2012.04.012&partnerID=40&md5=18eebf42e5a8ff960e31d9a5f6816e64;https://ac.els-cdn.com/S0883944112001517/1-s2.0-S0883944112001517-main.pdf?_tid=bd9bcf6d-f468-4c1d-b00e-b2a11befaefb&acdnat=1530194175_f1b8f79a325f6339fa2f762fc2d7f5a3";ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort;Medical records and light level measurement;68%;To investigate the association of ambient light levels with clinical outcomes and sedative/analgesic/neuroleptic use in a medical intensive care unit;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;Light levels were low but varied among the 4 room orientations. No significant differences were found in MICU mortality, hospital mortality, 28-day ventilator-free days. No significant differences in intravenous sedative/analgesic use occurred across room orientations.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;3577 (3799);no;-;no;-
Vesely;2017;Bringing Home to the Hospital: Development of the Reflection Room and Provider Perspectives;https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jpm.2016.0070;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire (some open ended questions but not analysed in a qualitative way) and medical records for the users;56%;They hypothesized that staff would report a positive experience in providing EOL and/or postmortem (PM) care in the Reflection room and would recommend this to peers.;Safe care;yes;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;90% of staff responded favorably to the Reflection Room. One outcome was that the % of pediatric patients who were pronounced dead in the ICU declined, as the % increased who died in the RR.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;116 demographics, did not answer a survey;yes;201 nurses & other staff;no;-
Vokurka;2014;The availability of HEPA-filtered rooms and the incidence of pneumonia in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): results from a prospective, multicentre, eastern European study;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jocn.12286;Medical;Eastern Europe (multicenter);Comparison;Quantitative;Observational;Prospective, observational;Observation (Data on pneumonia rate and mortality);68%;The availability of HEPA-filtered rooms and the incidence of pneumonia in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The incidence of pneumonia in the autologous transplantation setting is low. More pneumonia was observed in the allogeneic HSCT group, especially in patients on corticosteroids. There was a trend towards a lower incidence of pneumonia in allogeneic HSCT patients treated in HEPA-filtered rooms.;no;yes;no;yes;no;yes;689;no;-;no;-
von Dessauer;2016;Potential effectiveness of copper surfaces in reducing health care-associated infection rates in a pediatric intensive and intermediate care unit: A nonrandomized controlled trial;https://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(16)30338-8/pdf;Pediatric;Chile;South America;Quantitative;Experimental ;Non-RCT, two arms, exposure controlled by the researcher;Questionnaires/forms filled in by staff;89%;To measure the clinical impact that copper alloy surfaces had on the HAI acquisition rates seen in 2 pediatric intensive care setting;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Clinical outcomes from 515 patients were considered. An HAI rate of 10.6 versus 13.0 per 1,000 patient days for copper- and no-copper-exposed patients, respectively, for a crude relative risk reduction of 0.19.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;515 patients;no;-;no;-
Walsh;2010;Satisfaction with the emergency department environment decreases with length of stay;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78449262344&doi=10.1136%2femj.2009.079764&partnerID=40&md5=3b1b8515fdedc0e8dae39f083e5fe7b0;ED;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;55%;To determine the emergency department (ED) environmental factors associated with patient satisfaction.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;no;A total of 233 patients was enrolled, overall satisfaction in SSED was 81% (95% CI 70.1 to 88.7), 69% in LSED (95% CI 57.4 to 78.7) and 84% in OU (95% CI 73.6 to 91.0). The most important environmental factors were cleanliness (median importance 95, interquartile range (IQR) 81-98) and communication with medical staff (94, IQR 80-98) and family (92, IQR 74-98). The least important factors were access to nature (38, IQR 19-65), a natural light source (50, IQR 24-74) and ability to sit out of bed (52, IQR 26-75). Factors rated high for importance but low for satisfaction were ED noise levels (median difference 40, IQR 3-70), ED trolley comfort (19, IQR 6-50) and food quality (12, IQR -4-29).;yes;no;yes;yes;yes;yes;233 (280);no;-;no;-
Wang;2013;Role of a service corridor in ICU noise control, staff stress, and staff satisfaction: environmental research of an academic medical center;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23817908;ICU;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaire and observations (quantitative) - su;63%;To investigate the role of a dedicated service corridor in intensive care unit noise control and staff stress and satisfaction;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Independent and paired sample t-tests of survey data showed that the perceived noise level was lower and staff reported less stress and more satisfaction in the new ICU. Analysis of acoustical data confirmed that the new ICU was significantly quieter. Observations revealed how the service corridor impacted patient care services and traffic.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;118 nursing staff (72 pre and 46 post) but only 22 matched pairs were used in the analysis (44 participants);yes;47+20 visitors
Wang;2017;Patient Needs and Environments for Cancer Infusion Treatment.;https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/joid.12096;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire with closed and open ended questions and observations. Analyses were both quantitative and qualitative;53%;Assess patient needs and preferences in private vs. semi-open vs. open cancer infusion units, and gauge preferences for window views, personal TVs, social interaction, privacy, etc.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Cancer infusion patients with access to positive window views reported significantly lower levels of stress and greater hope for successful treatment than their counterparts (p < .05). Findings from qualitative and quantitative data analyses showed that private, semiopen, or open spaces were generally equally popular among patient participants. Needs for high?level privacy, quiet places to nap or sleep, social interaction, patient–nurse access, sunshine, and views to the outside were identified as major reasons for patient preferences. Items important to patients during treatment included patient chair tablets, guest chairs, personal televisions, nap blankets, food or beverages, window views, and sunshine.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;166 patients answered the questionnaire, 252 patients were observed;no;-;no;-
Wang;2018;Private Rooms, Semi-Open Areas, or Open Areas for Chemotherapy Care: Perspectives of Cancer Patients, Families, and Nursing Staff;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Private+Rooms%2C+Semi-Open+Areas%2C+or+Open+Areas+for+Chemotherapy+Care%3A+Perspectives+of+Cancer+Patients%2C+Families%2C+and+Nursing+Staff;Medical;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cohort;Questionnaire and qualitative analysis of open ended questions;70%;This research aims to better understand the needs and preferences of cancer outpatients, their families, and nursing staff with regard to private rooms, semi-open areas, or open areas for ambulatory cancer care.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;Semi-open areas were preferred by the staff, whereas the three types of treatment environments were equally popular among both patients and families (preferred by 29%/28%/27% of the participants). Female patients and patients receiving longer periods of treatment per occurrence were more likely to prefer private rooms ( p < .05). Three common reasons for preferences were needs for privacy, social interaction, and patient-nurse access. Additional reasons for patient and family preferences included needs for sleep, openness, and access to nature. A shared environment of chemotherapy care was suggested to be appropriate for four to seven patients to occupy.;no;yes;no;yes;yes;yes;171 and 145 family members;yes;16;no;-
Wang et al.;2019;Impact of window views on recovery-an example of post-cesarean section women;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31125086/;Surgery;Taiwan;Asia;Quantitative;Experimental ;RCT;Objective measures;72%;To examine the impact of urban landscape from window views on quality of care for women who underwent Cesarean Section (C-section) in Taiwan;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Higher satisfaction of window view significantly decreased analgesic usage (P = 0.057), reduced the scores of overall perceived pain (P = 0.046), pain severity (P = 0.004), and 'pain's interference with relations with others, enjoyment of life, and mood (REM).' (P = 0.095);yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;296;no;-;no;-
Warren;2013;Fall and fracture rates following a change from carpet to vinyl floor coverings in a geriatric rehabilitation hospital. A longitudinal, observational study;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22843356;Geriatric;New Zealand (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records;84%;To investigate whether changing from 5 mm thick carpet tiles to vinyl on a concrete subfloor would alter fall or fracture rates.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;There were 854 falls on the carpet tiles in the 12 months prior to the flooring change and 878 falls on the vinyl in the 12 months after. Fifteen fractures occurred on carpet and 11 fractures on vinyl. Using run charts there were no detectable trends in either the fall or fracture rates following the change in flooring surface.;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;4641;no;-;no;-
Water;2017;Participatory art-based research with children to gain their perspectives on designing healthcare environments;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021065495&doi=10.1080%2f10376178.2017.1339566&partnerID=40&md5=463e78647ab97140c3014531ccd502bf;Pediatric;New Zealand (Australasia);Australasia;Qualitative;Qualitative;PAR;"(""A participatory art based methodology was used, children were draw or write a letter of their experiences, followed up with an interview)";61%;Find out from children what they thought about the outpatient environment.;Activity and behavior;yes;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;Children described the wayfinding blue lines on the floor as helpful in providing a ‘map’ of where to go from arrival to destination. The lines worked well in taking children and families from point A to point B in a continuous manner. Children commented that signs could be bigger, more prominent and at different locations around Auckland Hospital (often the gateway to Starship Children’s Hospital) so that navigation from any point would be easier for families.;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;yes;175;no;-;no;-
Watkins;2011;Same-handed and mirrored unit configurations: Is there a difference in patient and nurse outcomes?;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958103969&doi=10.1097%2fNNA.0b013e31821c47b4&partnerID=40&md5=0cbee35ddf4d05ad2b9cdcc0d86edff1;Surgery;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaires;71%;To measure differences in patient and nurse outcomes between the same-handed and mirrored unit configurations.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Compared with participants on the mirrored unit configuration, participants on the same-handed unit configuration reported lower noise levels, better sleep quality, more frequent approaches to patients' right side, and improved satisfaction with organization of the workspace at patients' bedsides. The increased right-side approach was related to fewer instances of patients catching themselves from falling.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;121;yes;89;no;-
Watson;2014;Improvements in staff quality of work life and family satisfaction following the move to single-family room NICU design;https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Abstract/2014/04000/Improvements_in_Staff_Quality_of_Work_Life_and.12.aspx;PICU/NICU;Canada (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Questionnaires;69%;The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in staff quality of work life and parent satisfaction when a neonatal intensive care unit moved from an open-bay design to a single-room model of care.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;yes;There were improvements in staff quality of work life and family satisfaction at both time periods following the move from open bay to single-bed NICU. Findings favor providing single-bed NICUs.;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;Yes, but n not given in abstract.;yes;Yes, but n of family not given in abstract.
Watson;2015;Impact of noise on nurses in pediatric intensive care units;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941201035&doi=10.4037%2fajcc2015260&partnerID=40&md5=09f8ba51f81c575c3febdfd679914029;Pediatric;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;A cross-sectional observational;Observations and measures;68%;The purpose of our study was to determine the sources for noise and associations between noise and heart rate and between noise and stress .;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Mean noise level was 71.9 (SD, 9.2) dBA. Mean heart rate was 85.2/min (SD, 15.8/min) and was significantly associated with noise, unit, within-unit location, nurse sources, and noise activities. The most frequent sources of noise were patients' rooms, care activities, and staff communications.;yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;yes;15;no;-
Watson et al.;2019;Case Analysis of Factors Contributing to Patient Falls;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29380637/;General;Canada (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;unspecified;Observation;72%;To examine hospital fall case studies and to learn the contributing factors for patient falls;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Existing fall prevention strategies are not always effective and additional strategies are needed to prevent falls. Hospital policies, increased unit activities, disease processes, the environment, and patients transferring without assistance dominated the reasons for increased fall risk;yes;yes;yes;no;no;yes;11;no;-;no;-
Weldon;2015;Music and communication in the operating theatre;https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12744;Surgery;UK (Europe);UK;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Observations (quantitative and qualitative );77%;To observe the extent and the detail with which playing music can impact on communication in the operating theatre.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Request/response observations (N=5203) were documented. A chi-square test revealed that repeated requests were five times more likely to occur incases that played music than those that did not. A repeated request can add 4-68 seconds each to operation time and increased tensions due to frustration atineffective communication.;yes;no;no;no;no;no;-;yes;Videorecordings of 20 operations over six months in two operating theatres were captured.;no;-
Wijk et al.;2019;Evidence-Based Design Has a Sustainable Positive Effect on Patients' Perceptions of Quality of Care in Forensic Psychiatry: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30653189/;Psychiatric;Sweden (Europe);Scandinavia;Quantitative;Observational;cohort (prosp);Questionnaires;72%;To assess the sustainable effect on patients' assessment of ward atmosphere and quality of care at three forensic psychiatric clinics relocated to new facilities built with the latest evidence-based healthcare environment design to support recovery;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Patients' perceptions of quality in forensic psychiatric care increased and remained stable for up to 3 years after relocating to new facilities built using evidence-based design (EBD). Patients' perception of having access to a secluded environment remained high, confirming the need for privacy and socialization in forensic psychiatry. EBD was found to have a sustainable positive effect on patients' perceptions of care quality. It is recommended that nurses and patients in forensic psychiatry be involved in the construction of new facilities and in considering the impact of the physical environment on patients' perceived care quality.;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;yes;58 at baseline;no;-;no;-
Williams;2011;Optimizing seating in the intensive care unit for patients with impaired mobility;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78751538161&doi=10.4037%2fajcc2011239&partnerID=40&md5=5d5ec96d778021b5e673513752ece7d2;ICU;Australia (Australasia);Australasia;Quantitative;Observational;Crossover trial;Pressure mapping;66%;To compare seating interface pressures to determine a preferred seating surface for patients sitting out of bed;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;In phase 1, the alternative chair had fewer excessive pressures than did the regular chair in 67% of seating episodes among 18 patients (P <.001), but the alternative chair lacked practical utility. In phase 2, the new seating surface was compared with the regular surface using the regular chair frame for 20 patients. Among patients with excessive pressures, most (93%) had fewer excessive pressures recorded on the new surface than on the regular surface (P<.001).;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;18 + 20;no;-;no;-
Wingler;2015;Demonstrating the effect of the built environment on staff health-related quality of life in ambulatory care environments;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84943197083&doi=10.1177%2f1937586715573745&partnerID=40&md5=b97ee522bfc81689e7c31ce5244f0798;General;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Two questionnaire, one administered face-to-face;68%;To determine the impact of the built environment on staff health-related quality of life;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;QWB scores were normally distributed, and a dose-response relationship was found between QWB scores and level of enhancements. As the categories of satisfaction and perceived productivity increased, the average QWB score increased. Regression models showed overall statistical significance and predicted between a quarter to a half of the change in QWB scores.;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;27 (30);no;-
Wingler & Keys;2019;Understanding the impact of the physical health care environment on nurse fatigue;https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12862;General;USA (North America);North America;Qualitative;Qualitative ;unspecified;Focus groups;72%;To investigate factors in the physical health care environment (PHE) contributing to nurse fatigue;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;The Physical Healthcare Environment (PHE) can have a substantial impact on nurse fatigue and contribute to profound effects with patient and staff safety implications;yes;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;11;no;-
Winner-Stoltz et al.;2018;Staff Nurse Perceptions of Open-Pod and Single Family Room NICU Designs on Work Environment and Patient Care;https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29794838/;PICU/NICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;cohort (prosp);Questionnaires;78%;To compare staff nurse perceptions of their work environments in an open-pod versus an single family room (SFR) NICU and to compare staff nurse perceptions of the impact of 2 NICU designs on the care they provide for patients/families;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;"The SFR design is favorable in relation to environmental quality and control of primary workspace, privacy and interruption, unit features supporting individual work, and unit features supporting teamwork; the open-pod design is preferable in relation to walking";yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;51;no;-
Wright, Sarah;2019;From 'holding pen' to 'a space to breathe': affective landscapes in a newly?integrated sexual health clinic;https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12852;General;Scotland;UK;Qualitative;Qualitative ;ethnography;Interviews and observations;62%;To examine the role of affective landscapes in the formation of attendees’ experiences at a reprovisioned, integrated sexual and reproductive healthcare facility;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Various spaces of the clinic influenced attendees’ experiences. A cramped, featureless ‘holding pen’, the foyer served to exacerbate pre-existing anxieties while creating new fears. The main waiting room, an organisational sorting space, both soothed and aggravated attendees’ concerns. Serving as an architectural feature to connect the old Victorian hospital with the new clinical extension, the atrium was experienced as a space to breathe, with an affective atmosphere that challenged the assumed unpleasantness of sexual health clinics. This paper demonstrates how affective landscapes of the clinic shape attendee experiences in a novel setting;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;no;-;yes;29
Wunsch;2011;The effect of window rooms on critically ill patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to intensive care;"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953326101&doi=10.1186%2fcc10075&partnerID=40&md5=79407bb190ad769ac8db00328438d6aa;https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/cc10075";ICU;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;Cohort;Observation and medical records;72%;They hypothesized that receiving care in an intensive care unit (ICU) room with a window might improve outcomes for critically ill patients with acute brain injury.;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;No significant differences across multiple clinical outcomes as function of presence versus absence of window.;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;789;no;-;no;-
Xidous et al.;2020;Dementia Friendly Hospital Design: Key Issues for Patients and Accompanying Persons in an Irish Acute Care Public Hospital;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719845120;ED;Ireland;Europe;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional ;Questionnaire and interviews;58%;To investigate the impact of the hospital environment on older people including patients with dementia and their accompanying persons (APs);Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;This research confirms the negative impact of the acute hospital setting on older people with cognitive impairments including dementia and delirium. The multiple perspectives captured in this study, including most importantly people with dementia, ensure that stakeholder needs can be used to inform the design of the hospital environment. The research points to the value of understanding the lived experience of the person with dementia and accompanying persons (APs). The voices of patients, particularly persons with dementia and their APs, are a crucial element in helping hospitals to fulfill their role as caregiving and healing facilities.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;99;no;-;yes;24
Xuan et al.;2019;Impacts of Nursing Unit Design on Visibility and Proximity and Its Influences on Communication, Privacy, and Efficiency;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719881443;General;China (Asia);Asia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire surveys, observations, and simulations of medication administration tasks;62%;This study examines the role of visibility and proximity on nurse communication patterns, perception of privacy, and efficiency in double-corridor nursing units.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;no;Visibility and proximity influenced communication patterns, perceptions of privacy, and efficiency. The type of wall in the medication room could impact nurses’ perception of privacy and efficiency. A partial glass wall in the medication room could achieve balance between privacy and visibility. A medication room that is adjacent to and is easily accessed from the nurse station (NS) could provide efficient communication and efficient work. The partition type between the NS and the doctor’s office and the layout of the medication room could impact communication patterns. The relative position of the NS, medication room, and disposal room could influence the flow of medication administration tasks, and a geographically contiguous spatial layout could enhance work efficiency;no;yes;no;yes;no;no;-;yes;78;no;-
Xuan et al.;2019;An Empirical Examination of Nursing Units in China Based on Nurse Experience;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718786126;General;China (Asia);Asia;Mixed methods;Observational;Cohort;Observations and interviews;76%;To create opportunities to increase nursing staff’s satisfaction and operational efficiency and eventually improve nurses’ experiences through better design in unit layout.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;yes;yes;"The most frequent activities were communication, medication, and patient-care activities. The places in which nurses spent the most of theirs working times were the nurse station (NS), patient room, workstation on wheels (WoW), and medication room. The important clinical work spaces were the patient room, NS, WoW, medication room, doctor’s office, disposal room, examining room, and back corridor. The important traffic linkages were between NS and medication room, patient room and WoW, and medication room and patient room. The acticle reveals frequency of nurses activities; how they spent their time; what and how the clinical space is used; inefficiency links; and recommendatinos for a double-corridor nursing unit";no;yes;yes;no;no;no;-;yes;29;no;-
Ye et al.;2019;Individualized sleep promotion in acute care hospitals: Identifying factors that affect patient sleep;https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2019.05.006;ED;USA (North America);North America;Quantitative;Observational;cross-sectional;Survey;58%;To develop and psychometrically evaluate a brief assessment tool for sleep disruptors important for hospitalized patients, the Factors Affecting Inpatient Sleep (FAIS) scale;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;The FAIS is a brief tool assessing sleep disruptors important for patients, and is empirically grounded, judged to have content validity, and has demonstrated psychometric adequacy. The FAIS scale can be used to guide the development of an individualized patient-centered sleep promotion plan;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;105;no;-;no;-
Yildirim;2016;An Exploratory and Comparative Evaluation on the Spatial Perception of Two Densities of Multioccupancy Hospital Rooms;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1937586715599651;Surgery;Turkey;Asia;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire;57%;To explore interior spatial qualifications on patient perception of two densities of multioccupancy hospital rooms.;Patient centered care;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;Three-person rooms were assessed more positively for privacy, functional, and perceptual qualifications compared to the six-person rooms. An increase in the number of persons and interior units of rooms affects negatively the auditory privacy and privacy areas of other patients.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;yes;101 patients;no;-;no;-
Zaal;2013;Intensive care unit environment may affect the course of delirium;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23093246;ICU;The Netherlands (Europe);Europe;Quantitative;Observational;Pre-post;Medical records;75%;Investigated the influence of ICU environment on the number of days with delirium during ICU admission;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;They included 55 patients (449 observation days) in the ICU with wards and 75 patients (468 observation days) in the single-room ICU. After adjusting for confounding, the number of days with delirium decreased by 0.4 days (95 % confidence interval 0.1-0.7) in the single-room ICU (p = 0.005). The incidence of delirium during ICU stay was similar in the ICU with wards (51 %) and in the single-room ICU (45 %, p = 0.53;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;55;no;-;no;-
Zadeh;2014;The impact of windows and daylight on acute-care nurses' physiological, psychological, and behavioral health;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25303426;ED;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Experimental;Non-RCT;"Multiple methods; biological measurements, behavioral mapping, archival data";74%;To investigate the physiological and psychological effects of windows and daylight on registered nurses.;Safe care;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;Blood pressure decreased and body temperature increased. Blood oxygen saturation increased, but the difference was clinically insignificant. Communication and laughter increased, and subsidiary behavior indicators of sleepiness and deteriorated mood decreased. Heart rate, caffeine intake, self-reported sleepiness, and the frequency of medication errors also decreased. .;yes;yes;no;no;no;no;-;yes;12 nurses;no;-
Zamani;2018;Effects of Emergency Department Physical Design Elements on Security, Wayfinding, Visibility, Privacy, and Efficiency and Its Implications on Staff Satisfaction and Performance;https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586718800482;ED;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Interviews, surveys, visibility graph analysis, and agent simulations were employed;50%;The purpose of this study was to identify the role of emergency department (ED) design on ED staff satisfaction and performance.;Emotional wellbeing;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Enhanced security, effective wayfinding, team visibility, noise reduction, adequate privacy, and accessible supplies and equipment were significant predictors of staff satisfaction and performance.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;questionnaire 67, interviews 8;no;-
Zborowsky;2010;Centralized vs. decentralized nursing stations: Effects on nurses' functional use of space and work environment;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952116244&doi=10.1177%2f193758671000300404&partnerID=40&md5=9d1f5f2ed3144795051c744b1c45d450;Surgery;USA (North America);North America;Mixed methods;Observational;Cross-sectional;Focus groups, observations (quantitative), measurements (sound levels), questionnaire;76%;To investigate how nursing station design affected nurses' use of space, patient visibility, noise levels, and perceptions of the work environment.;Activity and behavior;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;yes;Nurses on all units were observed most frequently performing telephone, computer, and administrative duties. Time spent using telephones, computers, and performing other administrative duties was significantly higher in the centralized nursing stations. Consultations with medical staff and social interactions were significantly less frequent in decentralized nursing stations. There were no indications that either centralized or decentralized nursing station designs resulted in superior visability. Sound levels measured in all nursing stations exceeded recommended levels during all shifts. No significant differences were identified in nurses' perceptions of work control-demand-support in centralized and decentralized nursing station designs.;yes;yes;yes;yes;no;no;-;yes;"13 nurses participated in focus groups; 57 nurses completed questionnaire";no;-
Zemni et al.;2018;Patient satisfaction in a tertiary care center (Tunisia, 2015-2016);https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30746667/;General;Tunisia;Africa;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Self-administered questionnaire;69%;To measure overall and specific patient satisfaction rates and to identify determinants of satisfaction in Sahloul University hospital during 2015 and 2016.;Patient centered care;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;no;yes;Overall patient satisfaction rate was about 67%. Items of satisfaction concerned mainly the relational dimension: the respect of the patient intimacy and the quality of information given. Those of dissatisfaction were mainly logistic: The physical environment in the hospital room, the cleanliness of toilets and waiting times. Determinants of patient satisfaction were mainly related to the quality of access and reception, the accommodation conditions, the technical care, the quality of information and the respect of patient intimacy;yes;yes;no;no;no;yes;1897;no;-;no;-
Zhou;2016;Three modes of power operation: Understanding doctor-patient conflicts in China's hospital therapeutic landscapes;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992092249&doi=10.1016%2fj.healthplace.2016.09.005&partnerID=40&md5=cf07e0cfa7efdbf7f25a9d10affc96b0;General;China (Asia);Asia;Qualitative;Qualitative ;no specific;Interviews and observations;71%;To study how hospitals as a type of therapeutic landscape can shape doctor-patient relationships;Patient centered care;yes;yes;no;yes;no;no;no;no;no;no;The study finds that the spatial and temporal arrangements of spaces, the inside decorations and the different modes of discourses can build or ruin harmonious doctor-patient relations. T;no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;8;yes;17;no;-
Zisberg;2016;Factors related to the mobility of hospitalized older adults: A prospective cohort study;https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84948844065&doi=10.1016%2fj.gerinurse.2015.10.012&partnerID=40&md5=b62781f08f543044decbccbc7dd69bb3;ED;Israel;Middle East;Quantitative;Observational;Cross-sectional;Questionnaire and medical records;83%;To explore the relationship of satisfaction with hospital environment, sleep-medication consumption, and in-hospital caloric intake to mobility levels during hospitalization;Clinical outcomes;no;no;no;no;yes;no;no;no;no;yes;"A multinomial-logistic regression, controlling for potential intervening factors, showed that sleep-medication avoidance (AOR = 1.99; p < 0.01) and higher caloric intake (AOR = 9.69; p < 0.001) differentiated patients walking outside the room from non-walking patients. Satisfaction with the physical environment was lower in the non-mobile group than in the other two. Results suggest that hospital environment, sleep-medication consumption, and caloric intake during hospitalization need to be addressed in attempts to improve in-hospital mobility in older adults.";no;yes;yes;no;no;yes;759;no;-;no;-