| Oreochromis mossambicus |
Administration of P. niruri aqueous extract via intraperitoneal. |
Injection Fish were injected intraperitoneally with Sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The first dose of 0.1 mL of 5% and the second dose (booster) of 0.1 mL of 25% |
P. niruri extract dose of 20 mg/fish body weight resulted in a maximum increase in antibody levels on day 15. |
[34] |
| Oreochromis mossambicus |
Administration of P. niruri leaf aqueous extract by intraperitoneal injection. |
Fish were injected intraperitoneally with HA-BSA (heat aggregated-bovine serum albumin) with a concentration of 5 mg as much as 100 μL. |
A dose of P. niruri extract of 0.02 mg/kg body weight resulted in a maximum increase in neutrophil levels on the 6th day. |
[34] |
| Oreochromis niloticus |
Administration of P. niruri leaf aqueous extract by injection. |
Infecting fish by injection with Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria. |
The concentration of 50 mg significantly resulted in the highest survival, which was 76.7%. |
[35] |
| Cyprinus carpio |
Giving water extract of P. niruri leaves through feed. |
Infection of fish with A. hydrophila 103 CFU in cohabitation through water media in rearing aquariums. |
The concentration of 2% (10 g/500 g of feed) resulted in the highest fish survival, namely 100%. |
[36] |