| Branching sequence |
1/3L |
1/3L |
1/3L |
1/3L, 2/5L |
1/4L |
1/3L |
| Interbranch distance (mm) |
3–4 |
4 |
5.5 |
4–5 |
1–3 |
8–23 |
| Orthostiche interval (mm) |
10.0–11.5 |
8–13 |
13 |
no data |
no data |
26–32 |
| Branch internode (mm) |
4–8 |
3.0–4.5, up to 8 in terminal |
unknown |
no data |
4–12 |
8–16 |
| Branching order in maximum |
7 |
7 |
unknown |
no data |
16 |
9 |
| Polyps on stem |
present |
absent |
present |
absent |
absent |
rare |
| Verrucae |
absent |
absent |
absent |
absent |
absent |
absent |
| Polyps on internodes |
1–2 |
1 |
2 |
1–2 |
1–2 |
0–7 |
| Polyp height (mm) |
2–3 |
1.5–2.5 |
2 |
1.5 |
up to 2.5 |
1.0–2.5 |
| Sclerites in branch coenenchyme |
scales elongate, nearly smooth or with many fine warts and one or more distinct large warts, some of them with double or quadruplets forms |
scales with various shape and sparse fine warts, almost with a large wart on center and coarse warty edges |
scales oval or biscuit–like, up to 0.18 mm |
scales smooth, elongate and irregular with serrated edges and a narrow median |
scales small and nearly smooth with rounded ends |
scales slender, nearly smooth or with one or more large warts and many fine warts, some of them irregular with lobed edges |
| Sclerites in polyp body wall |
scales thin, elongate with irregular blunted or notched edges and with sparse fine warts or nearly smooth |
scales irregular with a strong medial contraction and sparse fine warts or nearly smooth |
scales elongate and smooth, irregular with lobed edges |
scales in basal part slightly elongate with many fine warts and serrated edges, and with a slightly medial contraction and two rounded ends, in upper apart become more irregular often with three- or four-lobe |
scales irregular smooth with strong medial contraction, with similar shape to C. rigida |
scales nearly smooth with an obvious medial contraction, usually with one or two broad and straight ends in upper part, and some of them lobed with irregular shape in basal part |
| Sclerites in tentacles |
scales usually curved and became broad on two ends, with various shape and many fine warts, arranged in one or two rows |
scales curved and became broad on two ends, with various shape and many obvious fine warts |
scales small, elongate and smooth, irregular with lobed edges |
scales at base small and elongate with irregular lobed edges, arranged in two rows; scales at upper part curved with deep lobed edges, arranged in a single row |
scales similar to C. geniculate and C. rigida, but smooth with more various shape |
scales thick and curved, almost branched or forked with irregular shape, and with many fine coarse warts, arranged in a single row |
| Sclerites in pinnules |
scales curved and rib–like with one side and end toothed and lobed |
scales curved and rib–like with two ends toothed or forked and sharp |
scales slender, curved and rib–like with one side toothed, up to 0.5 mm |
scales curved and rib–like, some of them with one end toothed with 2-4 lobes, up to 0.25 mm |
scales rib-like with one or two ends toothed, up to 0.34 mm |
scales curved and rib-like, usually with two toothed ends, occasionally with a sharp or forked end |
| Distribution |
south of Japan, off the Philippines |
Sulu Islands |
Japan |
Japan |
Philippines |
Western Pacific |
| References |
Wright & Studer 1889, Versluys 1902, Nutting 1908, Kinoshita 1913, Kükenthal 1919, present study |
Versluys 1902, Kükenthal 1919, present study |
Kükenthal 1908, 1919, Kinoshita 1913 |
Kinoshita 1913, Kükenthal 1919 |
Versluys 1902, Kükenthal 1919 |
present study |