Table 2 Major volatile constituents of essential oils collected from Apiaceae species.
Species Part Relative content of major Reference
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Ap, aerial part; Fr, fruit; Fw, Inflorescence; Hrb, Herb; Inf, infrutescence; Lf, leaf; Plt-ogr, plant oleo gum-resin; Rt, root; St, Stem; Ub, umbel; Rz, rhizome.
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
Amni visnaga – Linalool (32), isoamyl 2- Khadhri et al. (2011)
methyl butyrate (36),
isopentyl isovalerate (15)
Anethum graveolens Fw (R)-Limonene (36), G´ora et al. (2002)
α- phellandrene, dill ether
(15)
Fr Limonene (42), G´ora et al. (2002)
α- phellandrene (23), (S)-
carvone (22)
Ap α- Phellandrene (59), Evergetis et al.
β- phellandrene (7), methyl (2013)
eugenol (29)
Ap α- Phellandrene (32), Rana and Blazquez
apiole (15), dill ether (13), (2014)
limonene (12), geraniol
(11)
Angelica Fr α- Pinene (14–41), Sigurdsson et al.
archangelica β- phellandrene (0–55) (2005)
Rt α- Pinene (21), δ-3-carene Fraternale et al.
(17), limonene (16), (2014)
α- phellandrene (9)
Anthriscus caucalis Ap β- Bisabolene (28), Lai et al. (2018)
germacrene D (19), (Z, E)-
α -farnesene (17),
γ- muurolene (7)
A. nemorosa Rt n -Nonane (12), n - Pavlovi´c et al. (2011)
hexadecanol (7),
δ- cadinene (6), β- pinene
(6), germacrene D (5)
A. sylvestris Rt β- Phellandrene (45), (Z)- Bos et al. (2002)
β- ocimene (17), α- pinene
(5)
Lf β- Phellandrene (39), Bos et al. (2002)
β- myrcene (17), sabinene
(6), trans -sabinyl acetate
(8), (Z)-β- ocimene (5)
Apium graveolens Fr D-Limonene (60), selinene Pitasawat et al.
(10) (2007)
A. graveolens var. Lf (Z)-3-butylidenephthalide Sellami et al. (2012)
dulce (28–38), 3-butyl-4,5-dihy-
drophthalide (34–41),
α- thujene (8–10)
Rt (Z)-3-butylidenephthalide Sellami et al. (2012)
(31–52), 3-butyl-4,5-dihy-
drophthalide (12–13),
α- thujene (7–12)
Artedia squamata Ap α- Pinene (58), camphene Bagci and Dogan
(9), β- myrcene (6), δ-3- (2015)
carene (5), limonene (5)
Athamantha densa Ap Unknown (20), Evergetis et al.
+ β- bisabolene (13), (2012)
Fw unidentified alkaloid (12),
β- pinene (9), unidentified
alkaloid (9)
Azorella spinosa Ap Tricyclene (11–17), Jara-Bermeo et al.
limonene (11–12), (2016)
sabinene (9–11),
γ- gurjenene (6–8)
Bifora testiculata Ap 2-Dodecen-1-al (56), trans - Evergetis et al.
+ Rt 2-tridecenal (16), (2015)
heptadecanal (14)
Bilacunaria Fr α- Pinene (26), camphene Kürkçüoglu (2016)
anatolica (19), β- caryophyllene (10),
limonene (6), myrcene (6)
Ap α- Pinene (29), Kürkçüoglu (2016)
caryophyllene oxide (13),
camphene (11),
β- caryophyllene (10),
spathulenol (8)
Bunium persicum Fr γ- Terpinene (44), Oroojalian et al.
cuminaldehyde (17), (2010)
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
γ- terpinen-7-al (11), p -
cymene (8)
Bupleurum Fr β- Pinene (39), α- pinene Chizzola (2008)
fruticosum (35), β- phellandrene (7)
Ap β- Pinene (38), α- pinene Evergetis et al.
(29), limonene (22) (2009)
Cachrys cristata Ap Myrcene (54), Evergetis et al.
+ Rt bicyclogermacrene (16), (2015)
germacrene D (15),
β- caryophyllene (5)
C. ferulacea Ap γ- Terpinene (27), Evergetis et al.
β- phellandrene (16), (2013)
α- pinene (10), p -cymene
(7), α- terpinolene (9), E-
β- ocimene (9)
Carum carvi Fr Carvone (33), limonene Pitasawat et al.
(17), γ- terpinene (17) (2007)
Fr Carvone (40), limonene de Almeida et al.,
(14), β- pinene (7) 2010
Fr (S)-(+)-carvone (56), Yeom et al. (2012)
limonene (27)
C. graecum subsp. Lf Dillapiole (29), Radulovic´et al.
g raecum germacrene D (17), (2010)
β- selinene (12),
germacrene B (8),
α- selinene (5)
C. montanum Ap Nothoapiole (63), Laouer et al. (2009)
dillapiole (9), α- humulene
(7)
C. nigrum Fr Dillapiole (30), Singh et al. (2006a)
germacrene B (21),
β- caryophyllene (8),
β- selinene (7), nothoapiole
(6)
Chaerophyllum Ap cis -Ocimene (24), Evergetis et al.
aromaticum α- terpinolene (12), p - (2013)
cymene (7), γ- terpinene
(7), β- sesquiphellandrene
(7)
Ap cis -Ocimene (60), trans - Evergetis et al.
+ Rt ocimene (8), myrcene (6), (2015)
β- pinene (6)
C. heldreichii Ap Sabinene (72), Evergetis et al.
+ β- phellandrene (11) (2012)
Fw
Cnidium officinale – cis -Butylidene phthalide Choi et al. (2002)
(33), 3-butyl phthalide
(21), cis -3-isobutylidene
phthalide (10), terpinen-4-
ol (8)
Conium maculatum Lf Germacrene D (41), (E)- Radulovic´et al.
β- ocimene (22), (Z)- (2008)
β- ocimene (7), (E)-
Nerolidol (5)
Fw Germacrene D (27), (Z)- Radulovic´et al.
β- ocimene (14), (E)- (2008)
β- ocimene (8)
Inf 1-Butylpiperidine (26), Di Napoli et al.
myrcene (24), (E)- (2018)
caryophyllene (9), (Z)-
β- ocimene (7), germacrene
D (5)
Coriandrum sativum Fr Linalool (88) Msaada et al. (2007)
Fr Linalool (68), γ- terpinene Grosso et al. (2010)
(7)
Conopodium Ap α- Pinene (38), sabinene Evergetis et al.
capillifolium + (29) (2009)
Fw
Crithmum Ap Dillapiole (56), γ- terpinene Pavela et al. (2017)
maritimum (14), thymol methyl ether
(12), sabinene (5)
Ap Pavela et al. (2017)
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
Limonene (38), γ- terpinene
(20), sabinene (12),
dillapiole (8)
Fw γ- Terpinene (46), thymol Pavela et al. (2017)
methyl ether (33), p -
cymene (12)
Lf Thymol methyl ether Pavela et al. (2017)
(47–43), γ- terpinene
(36–46), p -cymene (10–6)
Cuminum cyminum Fr Cuminaldehyde (30), p - Oroojalian et al.
cymene (14), γ- terpinene (2010)
(13), safranal (9), β- pinene
(6)
Rt Bornyl acetate (24), diepi- Bettaieb et al. (2010)
α- cedrene (18), β- pinene
(13), hexadecanoic acid
(10), camphor (6),
citronellal (6)
Fw γ- Terpinene (52), 1- Bettaieb et al. (2010)
phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
(13), cuminaldehyde (9),
α- phellandrene (8),
β- pinene (7)
Fr γ- Terpinene (26), 1- Bettaieb et al. (2011)
phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
(23), cuminaldehyde (15),
p -cymene (9)
Fr p -Cymene (27), Yeom et al. (2012)
cuminaldehyde (17),
γ- terpinene (16), β- pinene
(9)
Daucus carota Fr Carotol (67), daucene (9), Ozcan and Chalchat
(Z, Z)-α- farnesene (6) (2007)
Fr Geranyl acetate (53) Radulovic´et al.
(2011)
Fr Carotol (86) Seo et al. (2015)
Um α- Pinene (33), β- pinene Muruti et al. (2019)
+ (26), borneol (10),
Fw myrcene (6), limonene (6),
γ- terpinene (6)
D. carota subsp. Hrb α- Pinene (30), sabinense Staniszewska et al.
carota (30), terpinen-4-ol (6) (2005)
Fw α- Pinene (42), sabinense Staniszewska et al.
(20) (2005)
Fr Geranyl acetate (65), Maxia et al. (2009)
α- pinene (13)
Fr β- bisabolene (51), E- Maxia et al. (2009)
methyl isoeugenol (10),
11αH-himachal-4-en-1-
β- ol (9)
D. carota subsp. Um Elemicin (31), sabinene Tavares et al. (2008)
halophilus (29), α- pinene (12),
limonene (6)
D. crinitus Ap Isochavicol isobutyrate Lanfranchi et al.
+ (39), octyl acetate (12), (2010)
Fw isochavicol 2-methylbuty-
rate (7)
D. gingidium subsp. Lf Sabinene (27), α- pinene Flamini et al. (2007)
gingidium (11), germacrene D (7),
limonene (6)
Fr Sabinene (61), α- pinene Flamini et al. (2007)
(12)
D. guttatus subsp. Ap Apiole (43), β- bisabolene Radulovic´et al.
zahariadii + Fr (34) (2011)
D. muricatus Rt Eicosane (19), undecan-2- Bendiabdellah et al.
one (10), tridecanol (6) (2012)
Um Limonene (22), α- pinene Bendiabdellah et al.
(22), trans -sabinyl acetate (2012)
(12)
D. sahariensis Ap Myristicin (52), α- pinene Flamini et al. (2013)
+ Fr (12), limonene (12),
myrcene (7)
Fw Tavares et al. (2010)
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
Distichoselinum Myrcene (77), limonene
tenuifolium (6)
Um Myrcene (85) Tavares et al. (2010)
Echinophora spinosa Ap α- Phellandrene (38), p - Evergetis et al.
+ Rt cymene (29), (2015)
β- phellandrene (10)
Rt Myristicin (41), Pavela et al. (2018)
terpinolene (22), (Z)-
falcarinol (23)
Ap α- Phellandrene (47), p - Pavela et al. (2018)
cymene (26),
β -phellandrene (8),
(3 E,5 E)-2,6-dimethylocta-
1,3,5,7-tetraene (6)
Rt Myristicin (47), Pavela et al. (2019a)
terpinolene (34), (Z)-
falcarinol (9)
Ap p -Cymene (36), Pavela et al. (2019a)
α- phellandrene (22),
α- pinene (14),
β- phellandrene (7)
Eleoselinum Ap Sabinene (35), α- pinene Evergetis et al.
asclepium + (27) (2009)
Fw
Eryngium Lf β- Sesquiphellandrene (44), Hashemabadi et al.
caucasicum (syn. limonene (18), (2010)
E. caeruleum) β- bisabolene (6), pulegone
(5), cubebene (5)
Lf 5-Methyl-2-pyrimidone Hashemabadi et al.
(54), β- sesquiphellandrene (2010)
(11), β- bisabolene (7)
E. planum Rt (Z)-Falcarinol (64), 2,3,4- Thiem et al. (2011)
trimethylbenzaldehyde
(17)
Fw cis -Chrysanthenyl acetate Thiem et al. (2011)
(43), α- pinene (11)
E. triquetrum Rt Falcarinol (92) Medbouhi et al.
(2018)
Fw Falcarinol (40), octanal Medbouhi et al.
(29), nonanal (6) (2018)
Ap Falcarinol (64–91), octanal Medbouhi et al.
(1–13) (2018)
Ferula assa-foetida Ap 1-Methylpropyl (1 E)-prop- Kanani et al. (2011)
1-en-1-yl (33), α- pinene
(11), β- pinene (6),
germacrene B (6)
St + (E)- sec -Butyl propenyl Muruti et al. (2018)
Rt disulfide (30), (Z)- sec -butyl
propenyl disulfide (24),
methyl 1-(methylthio)
propyl disulfide (22), allyl
disulphide (7)
Plt- (Z)- sec -Butyl propenyl Pavela et al. (2020a)
ogr disulfide (46), (E)- sec -butyl
propenyl disulfide (30),
(Z)- sec -butyl propenyl
trisulfide (12), (E)- sec -
butyl propenyl trisulfide
(5)
F. communis Ap Dehydro-sesquicineole Evergetis et al.
+ Rt (46), β- caryophyllene (9) (2015)
Lf β- Eudesmol (13), Rahali et al. (2016)
γ- terpinene (7),
germacrene B (7), guaiol
(7)
Lf α- Eudesmol (12), α- pinene Rahali et al. (2016)
(5), ar-curcumene (5),
cadinene (5), γ- terpinene
(5)
F. diversivittata Ap Verbenone (69), ar - Kanani et al. (2011)
curcumenene (6)
F. heuffelli Rz Elemicin (35), myristicin Pavlovi´c et al. (2012)
(21)
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
F. foetida Ap 2,3,4-Trimethylthiophene Kanani et al. (2011)
(49), 2,5-diethylthiophene
(28) elemicine (8)
F. gummosa Plt- β- Pinene (57), β- acorenone Tabari et al. (2019)
ogr (11), unknown sesquiterpene M + 204 (7),
β- cedrene (6)
Plt- α- Pinene (33), Pavela et al. (2020a)
ogr β- phellandrene (18),
β- pinene (15), α- thujene
(5)
F. latisecta Ap 1-Methylpropyl (1 Z)-prop- Kanani et al. (2011)
1-en-1-yl disulfide (89)
F. oopoda Ap α- Terpinyl acetate (79), Kanani et al. (2011)
sabinene (18)
F. orientalis Ap Nonane (46), 2-methyloc- Kanani et al. (2011)
tane (19)
F. ovina Ap α- Pinene (61–69) Kanani et al. (2011)
Ferulago angulata Fr (Z)-β- ocimene (20), Moghaddam et al.
α- pinene (16), p -cymene (2018)
(8), sabinene (8),
β- phellandrene (6)
F. bracteata Ap 7-Methoxy-6-(3-methyl- 2- Karakaya et al.
butenyl)-coumarin (87), (2019)
hexadecanoic acid (5)
Fw α- Phellandrene (23), Karakaya et al.
bornyl acetate (13), (2019)
α- pinene (12), δ-3-carene
(10), β- phellandrene (7),
limonene (6), p -cymene (6)
Rt Hexadecanoic acid (40), Karakaya et al.
(E)-2-decenal (14), octanal (2019)
(6), spathulenol (6),
pentadecanoic acid (5)
F. pachyloba Ap Sabinene (16), (Z)- Karakaya et al.
β- ocimene (15), (2019)
spathulenol (7), α- pinene
(6), bornyl acetate (6), p -
cymene (6)
Fw (Z)-β- Ocimene (28), Karakaya et al.
sabinene (26), myrcene (2019)
(10), terpinolene (8)
Fr Bicyclogermacrene (11), Karakaya et al.
(Z)-β- ocimene (10), (2019)
myrcene (9), spathulenol
(9), δ- cadinene (6)
Rt Hexadecanoic acid (15), Karakaya et al.
(E)-2-decenal (14), (2019)
caryophyllene oxide (8),
spathulenol (6)
F. phialocarpa Ap α- Pinene (43), 2,4,5-tri- Ghorbanpour et al.
methyl-benzaldehyde (17), (2016)
cis -chrysanthenyl acetate
(6), trans -caryophyllene
(6)
F. trachycarpa Ap Spathulenol (25), (Z)- Karakaya et al.
β- ocimene (14), bornyl (2019)
acetate (11),
bicyclogermacrene (10),
α- pinene (7)
Fr Spathulenol (33), Karakaya et al.
bicyclogermacrene (23), (2019)
germacrene D (10)
Rt (E)-2-Decenal (12), octanal Karakaya et al.
(9) (2019)
F. trifida Ap Isobornyl acetate (26), Tavakoli et al.
trans -verbenol (10), (E)- (2017)
caryophyllene (9)
F. sylvatica Fw Myrcene (29), δ-3-carene Stamenkovic´et al.
(21), γ- terpinene (12), p - (2019)
mentha-2,4 (8)-diene (7),
α- pinene (6)
Rt
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
2,3,6-Trimethyl Stamenkovi´c et al.
benzaldehyde (93), 2,3,4- (2019)
trimethyl benzaldehyde
(5)
Foeniculum vulgare Fr trans -Anethole (70), Singh et al. (2006b)
fenchone (9)
Fr trans -Anethole (86), Pitasawat et al.
estragole (5), D-limonene (2007)
(4), p -anisaldehyde (3)
Fr trans -Anethole (69), Ntalli et al. (2011)
limonene (9), estragole (8)
F. vulgare var. Fr trans -Anethole (88–1), Bahmani et al., 2005
vulgare estragole (50–0), fenchone
(14–1), limonene (16–6)
Fr trans -Anethole (74), Stefanini et al.
fenchone (15), limonene (2006)
(5)
Hrb trans -Anethole (53), Stefanini et al.
limonene (35) (2006)
Ap Estragole (54–49), Sousa et al. (2015b)
+ Inf β- phellandrene (16–4),
α- phellandrene (11–6),
fenchone (12–9)
Helosciadium (syn. Ap Myristicin (49), (Z)- Benelli et al. (2017a)
Apium) β- ocimene (19), limonene
nodiflorum (8), terpinolene (7),
germacrene D (6)
Ap Limonene (40), myristicin Benelli et al. (2017b)
(35), γ- terpinene (6),
β- pinene (5)
Ap Myristicin (63–24), Maggi et al. (2018)
+ limonene (42–8), Z -
Fw β- ocimene (20–3),
β- pinene (10–1)
Heracleum anisactis Fr Octyl acetate (49), octyl Radjabian et al.
butanoate (17), octyl 2- (2014)
methylbutanoate (8), octyl
2-methylpropanoate (7)
H. gorganicum Fr Hexyl butanoate (33), Radjabian et al.
octyl acetate (18), Hexyl 2- (2014)
methylbutanoate (10),
hexyl hexanoate (6), hexyl
isobutanoate (6)
H. pastinacifolium Ap Myristicin (54), (Z)- trans - Firuzi et al. (2010)
α- bergamotene (11),
limonene (7)
Fr Octyl acetate (60), octyl Radjabian et al.
butanoate (10), octyl 2- (2014)
methylbutanoate (8), octyl
2-methylpropanoate (7)
H. persicum Ap (E)-anethole (25), octyl-2- Firuzi et al. (2010)
methyl butanoate (14),
hexyl butanoate (10), octyl
acetate (9), octyl
isobutanoate (8)
Fr Octyl acetate (21), hexyl Radjabian et al.
butanoate (18), octyl 2- (2014)
methylbutanoate (10),
hexyl 2-methylbutanoate
(9), Octyl 2-methylpropa-
noate (7)
H. rawianum Fr Octyl acetate (75), hexyl Radjabian et al.
butanoate (7) (2014)
Lf β- Pinene (15), p -cymene Norouzi and Norouzi
(15), β- bisabolene (12), (2018)
(Z)-β- ocimene (12), (E)-
β- ocimene (12),
γ- terpinene (5)
Fw Hexyl butyrate (22), Norouzi and Norouzi
β- bisabolene (18), p - (2018)
cymene (9), (E)-β- ocimene
(9)
Fr
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
Hexyl butyrate (47), Norouzi and Norouzi
octanol acetate (17), hexyl (2018)
isobutyrate (5), hexyl
hexanoate (5)
H. rechingeri Ap Hexyl butanoate (30), Firuzi et al. (2010)
octyl butanoate (10), octyl
acetate (9)
Fr Hexyl butanoate (39), Radjabian et al.
octyl acetate (14), hexyl 2- (2014)
methylbutanoate (8)
H. sphondylium Ap Octyl acetate (17), Evergetis et al.
subsp. + limonene (13), trans - (2009)
pyrenaicum Fw β- farnesene (6),
β- caryophyllene (6)
H. sphondylium Fr Octyl acetate (67), octyl 2- Pavela et al. (2018)
subsp. methylbutanoate (7), octyl
sphondylium isobutyrate (5)
H. sphondylium Fr Octanol (39), octyl Ozek et al. (2002)
subsp. ternatum butyrate (24), octyl acetate
(11)
Fr 1-Octanol (50), octyl ˙Işcan et al. (2003)
butyrate (25), octyl acetate
(7)
Fr Octyl acetate (61), octyl Pavela et al. (2018)
butyrate (9), octyl
hexanoate (8)
H. transcaucasicum Ap Elemicin (41), pogostol Firuzi et al. (2010)
(9), myristicin (8),
zingiberenol (6)
Heptaptera Ap Nonacosane (38), phytol Evergetis et al.
colladonioides + Rt (16), pentacosane (15), (2015)
heptacosane (13),
tricosane (12)
Johrenia distans Ap 2-Phenylphenol (18), 4,4- Evergetis et al.
+ Rt dimethylnaphthalen-1 (4 (2015)
h)-one (15), α- pinene (6),
trans -ocimene (5)
Kundmannia sicula Fw Germacrene D (81) Casiglia et al. (2017)
Levisticum officinale Rt (Z)-Ligustilide (37), Santos et al. (2005)
β- pinene (9),
pentylcyclohexadiene (9),
α- pinene (8)
Rt (Z)-Ligustilide (9–71), Raal et al. (2008)
β- phellandrene (0–49), (Z)-
3-butylidene phthalide
(1–29),
phenylacetaldehyde
(0–17),
pentylcyclohexadiene
(0–12)
Lf α- Terpinyl acetate (56), Raal et al. (2008)
(Z)-ligustilide (17),
β- phellandrene (11)
Fw β- Pinene (18), Mirjalili et al. (2010)
β- phellandrene (12),
spathulenol (9),
γ- curcumene (8)
Fr β- Phellandrene (62), δ-3- Mirjalili et al. (2010)
carene (6)
Lomatium Fr 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-yl-3- Asuming et al.
dasycarpum methylbutanoate (36), (2005)
subsp. lavandulyl-2-methyl-
dasycarpum butyrate (15), methyl-2-
buten-1-yl-2-
methylbutanoate (10),
senkyunolide (10),
β- caryophyllene (6)
Rt (Z)-Falcarinol (22), osthol Asuming et al.
(9), palmitic acid (9), (2005)
neocnidilide (7),
senkyunolide (6)
L. lucidum Fr Asuming et al.
(2005)
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
β- Phellandrene +
limonene (22), decanal (6),
α- humulene (5)
Rt (Z)-Falcarinol (45), (E)- Asuming et al.
β- farnesene (6), (2005)
α- chamigrene (6),
β- acoradiene (6)
L. macrocarpum var. Fr β- Pinene (54), α- pinene Asuming et al.
macrocarpum (25) (2005)
Rt Osthol (68), peucenin-7- Asuming et al.
methyl ether (9) (2005)
L. utriculatum Fr Sabinene (34), (Z)- Asuming et al.
ligustilide (13), terpinen-4- (2005)
ol (7), β- caryophyllene (6),
β- phellandrene/limonene
(6)
Rt (Z)-Falcarinol (17), (Z)- Asuming et al.
ligustilide (17), (2005)
senkyunolide (7), palmitic
acid (6)
Malabaila aurea Ap Hexyl butyrate (36), Evergetis et al.
hexanoic acid hexyl ester (2013)
(36), n -hexanol (11)
M. secacul Ap Butanoic acid (37), Bagci and Dogan
caryophyllene oxide (13), (2015)
germacrene D (10),
β- caryophyllene (5)
Molopospermum St Dillapiole (60), 3-carene Andreu et al. (2015)
peloponnesiacum (15)
Oenanthe Ap γ- Terpinene (43), o- Evergetis et al.
pimpinelloides cymene (18), (2009)
β- sesquiphellandrene (8),
β- pinene (7)
Oliveria decumbens Herb γ- Terpinene (34), Esmaeili et al. (2018)
carvacrol (17) and thymol
(16), p- cymene (10),
limonene (6)
Ap Thymol (38), carvacrol Esmaeili et al. (2018)
+ (29), p- cymene (10),
Fw γ- terpinene (10),
myristicin (8)
Ap Thymol (37), carvacrol Pavela et al. (2020b)
+ (34), γ- terpinene (14), p-
Fw cymene (9)
Pastinaca sativa – (Z) - β- Ocimene (11), hexyl Kapetanos et al.
butanoate (10), (E)- (2008)
β- farnesene (6)
P. sativa subsp. Fr Octyl butyrate (80), octyl Kürkçüoglu et al.
urens hexanoate (5) (2006)
P. hirsuta – Hexyl butanoate (55) Kapetanos et al.
(2008)
Petroselinum Rt Apiole (52), myristicin Petropoulos et al.
crispum (36) (2004)
Lf Myristicin (22), apiole Petropoulos et al.
(18), β- phellandrene (17), (2004)
p -1,3,8-menthatriene (14),
α-, p -dimethylstyrene (9)
Lf Sabinene (21), 3-hexyne- Knio et al. (2008)
2,5-diol, 2-5-dimethyl
(11), p -mentha-1,5,8-
triene (8), apiole (8), p-
cymene (7), myristicin (6)
Lf Myristicin (31–43), Vokk et al. (2011)
β- phellandrene (22–36), p -
1,3,8-menthatriene
(6–10), β- myrcene (5–9)
P. crispum subsp. Rt β- Pinene (31), apiole (20), Petropoulos et al.
tuberosum β- phellandrene (17), (2004)
myristicin (16)
Peucedanum Ap 1-Bornyl acetate (81) Evergetis et al.
officinale + (2012)
Fw
P. neumayeri Fw
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
γ- Terpinene (32), α- pinene Evergetis et al.
(21), β- phellandrene (13) (2012)
P. vittijugum Ap Nonacosane (39), α- pinene Evergetis et al.
+ Rt (11), β- pinene (9), (2015)
heptacosane (7),
α- humulene (6),
α- amorphene (5)
Pimpinella anisum Fr trans -Anethole (77), Knio et al. (2008)
anisalacetone (7), estragol
(6)
Fr trans -Anethole (86) Ntalli et al. (2011)
Fr trans -Anethole (97) de Almeida et al.,
2010
P. haussknechtii Fr 4-(2-Propenyl)-phenyl 3’- Sajjadi et al. (2015)
methylbutyrate (57),
bicyclogermacrene (9),
germacrene D (8)
P. peregrina Ap α- Bergamontene (62), Evergetis et al.
+ aristolene (20) (2012)
Fw
P. rigidula Ap trans -Epoxy Evergetis et al.
+ pseudoisoeugenyl 2-meth- (2012)
Fw ylbutyrate (27), β- selinene
(24), trans -isomiristicin
(8), α- zingiberene (8),
myristicin (7), trans -
pseudoisoeugenyl 2-meth-
ylbutyrate (7)
P. serbica – Apiole (77), (+)-(E)- Kapetanos et al.
β- caryophyllene (10) (2008)
P. tragium Ap Germacrone (23), Evergetis et al.
+ unknown (20), germacrene (2012)
Fw B (19), geigerene (10)
Pleurospermum Lf Limonene (48), α- asarone Mathela et al. (2015)
angelicoides (23), γ- terpinene (11),
β- asarone (5)
Fw α- Pinene (22), α- asarone Mathela et al. (2015)
(21), perilla aldehyde (17),
limonene (15)
Rt Nothoapiole (87), Mathela et al. (2015)
α- muurolene (5)
Prango ferulaceae Fr 2,3,6-Trimethyl Ercan et al. (2013)
benzaldehyde (67),
chrysanthenyl acetate (15)
P. uloptera Ap α- Bisabolol (31), safrole Razavi et al. (2011)
+ (19), (+)-spathulenol (13)
Fw
Ap γ- Terpinene (36), trans - Razavi et al. (2011)
+ Fr anethole (24)
Rutheopsis Ap α- Pinene (29), dillapiole Velasco-Negueruela
herbanica (21), limonene (14), et al. (2003)
β- pinene (13), myristicin
(10)
Scandix australis Ap Heptadecane (24), Evergetis et al.
+ Rt pentadecane (16), (2015)
octadecene (15), tridecane
(12), α- pinene,
tetradecanal (6)
S. pectin-veneris Ap Tridecane (28), α- pinene Evergetis et al.
+ Rt (17), pentadecane (11), (2015)
β- sesquiphellandrene (8),
sabinene (7),
β- caryophyllene (5)
Selinum vaginatum Rz Bornyl acetate (51), Chauhan et al.
α- pinene (19), camphene (2014)
(10), limonene (6)
Rz Bornyl acetate (31), Chauhan et al.
β- phellandrene (12) (2014)
Seseli montanum Ap α- Pinene (32), Evergetis et al.
+ β- phellandrene (19), (2009)
Fw sabinene (17)
S. montanum subsp. Um Gonçalves et al.
peixotoanum (2012a)
(s) components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
abundance)
α- Pinene (36), β- pinene
(22), limonene (9),
myrcene (7), β- elemene (6)
S. parnassicum Ap β- Sesquiphellandrene (30), Evergetis et al.
+ germacrene D (13), (2012)
Fw germacrene B (11),
β- elemene (11),
bicyclogermacrene (6)
S. tortuosum Um α- Pinene (25), β- pinene Gonçalves et al.
(24), Z-β- ocimene (13) (2012a)
S. wallichianum Ap Sabinene (31), Joshi et al. (2018)
β- phellandrene (18),
α- bisabolol (16)
Ap 3,5-Nonadiyne (54) Joshi et al. (2018)
Rt β- Phellandrene (35), Joshi et al. (2018)
sabinene (12),
α- phellandrene (11)
Rt 3,5-Nonadiyne (91) Joshi et al. (2018)
Sison amomum Ap Sabinene (54), Kamte et al. (2018)
+ β- phellandrene (17),
Fw germacrene D (7)
Smyrnium olusatrum Lf Furanoeremophil-1-one Papaioannou et al.
(29), curzerene (29) (2010)
Fw Curzerene (38), Papaioannou et al.
germacrone (20), (2010)
furanoeremophil-1-one
(20)
Inf 1β- Acetoxyfuranoeudesm- Papaioannou et al.
4 (15)-ene (31), curzerene (2010)
(17)
Fw Curzerene (30), myrcene Benelli et al. (2017a)
(18), furanoeremophil-1-
one (12), germacrone (10),
isofuranodiene (10)
S. rotundifolium Ap 1β- Acetoxyfuranoeudesm- Evergetis et al.
+ 3-ene (21), 1β- (2012)
Fw Acetoxyfuranoeudesm-4
(15)-ene (9), furanodiene
(12), myrcene (11)
Thapsia garganica Rt δ- Cadinene (17) Drew et al. (2012)
T. minor Ap Geranyl acetate (82) Gonçalves et al.
(2012b)
T. villosa Fw Geranyl acetate (37) Drew et al. (2012)
Rt Guaiol (15), elemol (10) Drew et al. (2012)
Trachyspermum Fr Thymol (42), γ- terpinene Park et al. (2007)
ammi (28), p -cymene (24)
Fr Thymol (48), p -cymene Oroojalian et al.
(22), γ- terpinene (21) (2010)
Fr Thymol (42), γ- terpinene Yeom et al. (2012)
(28), p -cymene (24)
Fr Thymol (58), p -cymene Benelli et al. (2017a)
(22), γ- terpinene (16)
Fr Thymol (88), p -cymene (7) Pavela et al. (2018)