Table 1. Morphological differences between C. corallocarpus and other species of Castanopsis of the Peninsular region.

Characters	C. corallocarpus W.H.Tan & Strijk	C. inermis (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook.f.	C. purpurea Barnett	C. pierrei Hance	C. rhamnifolia Miq. A.DC.
1. Cupule surface	Cupule with basally reinforced, blunt coral-like spines arranged in continuous ridges. Ridges in young fruits often terminate only a few mm apart, resulting in hollow enclosures protecting the exterior inner cupule.	Cupule sparsely covered with simple, short, curled thorns set in 3-5 lines.	Cupule sparsely covered with woody, branched, curved spines.	Cupule sparsely covered with woody, branched, curved spines.	Cupule covered with tufted, erect, simple thorn-like structures.
2. Number of cupule valves	3(-4)	2(-4)	“dehiscent”, #valves unreported	“dehiscent”, #valves unreported	3- (4?), or indehiscent
3. Number, size of acorns (l × w)	1, 3.3-3.8 cm × 2.7-3.3 cm.	(1)2-3, 1.5-2.5 cm × 1.5-3.5 cm.	1-3 (4), 4.5-6 cm in diam.	1-3 (4), 4-6 cm in diam.	1, 1-1.5 cm × 1-1.5 cm.
4. Acorn shape (ripe), position	Acorn globose, sessile and solitary.	Irregularly globose, sessile and clustered (sometimes fused).	Globose, stalked and solitary.	Irregularly globose or bilobed, semi-stalked to sessile and solitary.	Asymmetrically depressed subglobose, sessile solitary or in pairs.
5. Acorn surface	Pustulated	Pustulated	Unreported	Pustulated	Unreported
6. Nut wall	Free	Fused	Free	Free	Fused
7. Nut indumentum	Finely adpressed silver hairs on the umbo.	Finely adpressed silver hairs on the umbo.	Sparsely covered with adpressed white hairs.	Dense white hairs, only around umbo.	Unreported.
8. Nut shape, size and scar (l × w)	Rectangular and flattened at the base, 2.5-2.9 cm × 2.3-2.4 cm, scar 2.3-2.5 × 2.3-2.4 cm.	Ovoid, emarginate, concave at the bottom, 1 cm × 1 cm, scar 0.2-0.3 × 1 cm.	Ovoid and asymmetrically compressed, 2-3 cm × 1 cm, scar unreported.	Ovoid, asymmetric and slightly curved, 3 × 1.5 cm, scar unreported.	Asymmetrically depressed subglobose, 3.5-4 cm × 2-3 cm, scar basal 1 cm diam.
9. Leaf shape, size (l × w)	Elliptic, with cuneate base and acute apex, (11)13-17(19) × (2)3.5-5(6) cm.	Obovate, obovate-oblong, oblong or lanceolate, 7-17 × 5-7 cm.	Elliptic, oblong or obovate, 10-25 × 3.2-6.3 cm.	Lanceolate or oblong, 10-20 × 3-6 cm.	Oblong, elliptic or obovate, 10-20 × 3.5-8 cm.