Table 1. Mean (± SEM) survival time, and larval, pupal, and cumulative mortality of Copitarsia decolora larvae fed with artificial diet supplemented with hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Trichilia americana bark at 100, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 ppm.
Treatment Concentration ppm Mean larval survival time (d) Larval mortality (%) Pupal mortality (%) Cumulative mortality (%)
Means within the same solvent followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P> 0.05; Holm-Sidak test). *Control diet is the same for all the solvents.**No larvae reached the pupal stage.
Control diet* 0 33.6 ± 1.6 a 8 0 8
Hexane 100 25.2 ± 2.6 b 40 4 44
500 23.8 ± 3.6 b 72 4 76
1,000 19.6 ± 3.4 b 76 0 76
1,500 9.2 ± 1.1 c 100 ** 100
Ethyl acetate 100 33.6 ± 3.4 b 56 20 76
500 29.9 ± 3.9 bc 80 20 100
1,000 26.2 ± 4.2 bc 80 20 100
1,500 20.2 ± 4.3 bc 92 8 100
Acetone 100 44.8 ± 2.5 a 24 12 36
500 43.9 ± 2.6 a 24 20 44
1,000 43.1 ± 2.7 a 24 48 72
1,500 39.5 ± 2.9 a 44 40 84
Methanol 100 30.5 ± 1.9 a 36 12 48
500 29.1 ± 2.1 a 36 12 48
1,000 28.0 ± 2.3 a 40 8 48
1,500 26.1 ± 2.4 a 44 8 52
Water 100 31.9 ± 1.4 a 36 12 48
500 30.2 ± 2.0 a 36 12 48
1,000 28.6 ± 2.3 a 40 8 48
1,500 26.3 ± 2.7 a 40 8 48