Table 3. List of primers used to amplify each gene. *LEM = Laboratório de Evolução Molecular (IB-USP).
Gene Primer Primer sequence 5'-3' F/R Temp. - base pairs Source
COI COXl-F2 TCGACTAATCATAAAGATATCGGCAC F 52 °C - 26 bp Ward et al. 2005
MEDCOXR TGGTGNGCYCANACNATRAANCC R 52 °C - 23 bp Lawley et al. 2016
LCO1490JJ4 CIACIAAYCAYAARGAYATYGG F 55 °C+45 °C - 22 bp Astrin et al. 2016
HCO2198JJ4 ANACTTCNGGRTGNCCAAARAATC R 55 °C+45 °C - 25 bp Astrin et al. 2016
LCO1490JJ2 CHACWAAYCAYAARGAYATYGG F 60 °C+45 °C - 22 bp Astrin et al. 2016
HCO2198JJ2 ANACTTCNGGRTGNCCAAARAATCA R 60 °C+45 °C - 25 bp Astrin et al. 2016
28S F15 CTAACAAGGATTCCCCTAGTAACGGCGAG F 55.5 °C - 30 bp LEM *
R798 GGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG R 55.5 °C - 19 bp Medina et al. 2001
F798 CCGTCTTGAAACACGGACC F 55.5 °C - 19 bp Medina et al. 2001
R1446 GTTGTTACACACTCCTTAGCGG R 55.5 °C - 22 bp Medina et al. 2001
18S 18S - A AACCTGGTTGATCCTGCCAGT F 54 °C - 21 bp Medlin et al. 1988
18S - L CCAACTACGAGCTTTTTAACTG R 54 °C - 22 bp Apakupakul et al. 1999
18S - C CGGTAATTCCAGCTCCAATAG F 54 °C - 21 bp Apakupakul et al. 1999
18S - Y CAGACAAATCGCTCCACCAAC R 54 °C - 21 bp Apakupakul et al. 1999
18S - O AAGGGCACCACCAGGAGTGGAG F 54 °C - 22 bp Apakupakul et al. 1999
18S - B TGATCCTTCCGCAGGTTCACCT R 54 °C - 22 bp Medlin et al. 1988