TABLE 4. Differences among H. membranacea, H. parvula var. parvula, H. parvula var. albiflora, H. limicola, and H. uniflorata.
Character H. membranacea H. parvula var. parvula H. parvula var. albiflora H. limicola H. uniflorata
Flowers per scape (1–)2 or 3 1(–2) 1(–2) 1(–2) 1(–2)
Tepal colour white yellow white yellow yellow
Tepal length (mm) 4.5–8.0 (7–)8–10 (7–)8–10 2–6 5–8
Filament type filiform filiform filiform filiform subulate
Flowers Filament colour Stigma shape white spherical yellow spherical yellow spherical yellow spherical yellow pyramidal
Bracts per stalk 2 0(–1) 0(–1) (0–)1–2 1(–2)
Bract length (mm) 3–6 1–4 1–4 5–7 ca. 2
Articulation between scape and pedicel inconspicuous inconspicuous inconspicuous distinctly swollen inconspicuous
Shape lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate lanceolate linear
Leaves Texture Trichome distribution membranous, adaxial surface with translucent pustules both surfaces, arises from pustules soft to membranous, smooth or adaxial surface with translucent pustules both surfaces, arises from pustules when present soft to membranous, smooth or adaxial surface with translucent pustules both surfaces, arises from pustules when present soft to membranous, smooth or adaxial surface with translucent pustules both surfaces, arises from pustules when present soft to membranous, smooth both surfaces, midrib and veins
Trichome type stellate interspersed with simple bifurcate or stellate interspersed with simple bifurcate or stellate interspersed with simple bifurcate or stellate interspersed with simple bifurcate or stellate
Size (mm) 1.10–1.25 × 0.95–1.00 0.9–1.0 × 0.7–0.8 0.9–1.0 × 0.7–0.8 0.8–1.0 × 0.75–0.85 1.05–1.10 × 0.95–1.00
Convex outer periclinal cell wall shape columellate and/or capitate/pilate colliculate and/or columellate colliculate and/or columellate colliculate and/or columellate columellate and/or capitate/pilate
Seeds Distribution pattern of micropapillae of different lengths no clear pattern in distribution of different lengths across periclinal wall shorter at top of convex projection, getting longer across periclinal wall and again getting shorter/absent towards anticlinal boundaries shorter at top of convex projection, getting longer across periclinal wall and again getting shorter/absent towards anticlinal boundaries gets shorter towards anticlinal boundaries shorter at top of convex projection, getting longer across periclinal wall and again getting shorter towards anticlinal boundaries
Micropapillae overlap common rare rare common rare
Distribution Range Biome preference Altitude (m.a.s.l.) EC, KZN, MP forest/forest margin 20–900 EC, FS, KZN, LS, MP grassland 1900–2200 KZN (EC) grassland 1500–1850 LP, MP, SZ grassland 1260–1980 FS (KZN) grassland 1820–1900