| Bioactivities a (IC; mM) 50 | Conoidecyclic A | Conoidecyclic B | Conoidecyclic C | Standard | Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Different superscripts (P–V) indicate the standards used for different activities; P- α -Tocopherol; Q-Butylated hydroxy toluene; Ib-Ibuprofen; S-Sodium salicylate; CP- Captopril; SV- Sodium metavandate. a Bioactivities were expressed as IC values (mM). Samples were analyzed in triplicate (n = 3) and expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Means followed by the 50 different superscripts (a-e) within the same row indicated significant differences (P <0.05). b Selectivity index has been calculated as the ratio of anti COX-1(IC) to that of anti COX-2(IC). 50 50 c Structure-activity relationship analysis was carried out by using different molecular descriptors of the purified compounds as described in the text. tPSA, topological polar surface area; MV, molar volume; P, parachor; MR, molar refractivity; Log POW, logarithmic scale of the octanol-water partition coefficient; PI, polarizability. |
|||||
| Antioxidant activities a | |||||
| DPPH. scavenging activity | 1.20d ± 0.05 | 1.35c±0.02 | 1.54a±0.02 | 1.46b ± 0.04 P | 1.18d ± 0.03Q |
| ABTS+. scavenging | 1.48d ± 0.01 | 1.54c±0.02 | 1.81a±0.04 | 1.69b ± 0.05P | 1.28e±0.02Q |
| Anti-inflammatory activities a | |||||
| COX-1 inhibition | 3.13 c ±0.04 | 3.19 c ±0.04 | 3.35b ± 0.06 | 0.19d ± 0.01Ib | 12.06 a ±0.05S |
| COX-2 inhibition | 1.75 c±0.04 | 1.93b ± 0.02 | 1.99b ± 0.03 | 0.43d ± 0.02Ib | 16.56 a±0.05S |
| Selectivity index b | 1.79 a±0.03 | 1.65b ± 0.04 | 1.68b ± 0.02 | 0.44d±0.03Ib | 0.73 c±0.02S |
| 5-LOX inhibition | 4.24 e±0.06 | 4.88 c±0.04 | 5.07b ± 0.09 | 4.51d ± 0.11Ib | 10.93 a±0.12S |
| Anti-hypertensive activity a | |||||
| ACE-I inhibition | 1.23c±0.02 | 1.89b ± 0.04 | 2.23a±0.02 | 0.53d ± 0.02CP | – |
| Anti-diabetic activity a | |||||
| PTP-1B inhibition | 1.39 c ±0.03 | 2.33b ± 0.02 | 3.13 a ±0.04 | 1.13d ± 0.06SV | – |
| Molecular descriptors c | Conoidecyclic A | Conoidecyclic B | Conoidecyclic C | α -tocopherol (BHT) | Ibuprofen (Captopril) |
| Electronic | |||||
| tPSA | 96.22 | 122.52 | 122.52 | 29.46 (20.23) | 37.30 (57.61) |
| PI (× 10 24 cm3) | 51 | 61 | 55 | 53.54 (27.64) | 23.96 (21.00) |
| Steric | |||||
| MR (cm3/mol) | 129.78 | 154.66 | 140.80 | 135.6 (69.73) | 60.44 (54.85) |
| MV(cm3) | 447.4 | 534.9 | 522.0 | 462.70 (237.50) | 200.10 (170.7) |
| P (cm3) | 1092.7 | 1316.5 | 1198.4 | 1123.00 (556.00) | 499.30 (463.4) |
| Hydrophobic | |||||
| Log POW | 3.13 | 3.83 | 2.61 | 9.98 (5.74) | 3.75 (0.24) |