case_images: PMC7593242_01
case_images: Site of implantation of the electrode array and stimulating configuration for cardiovascular stability-spinal cord epidural stimulation (CV-scES). (A) Sagittal and Axial MRI sections of the lumbosacral cord were used to calculate the cross-sectional area of the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid to create a 3-D reconstruction of the spinal cord at the lumbosacral enlargement. (B) Sagittal x-rays indicating the final placement of the electrode array. (C) 3-D reconstruction of the electrode array relative to the lumbosacral enlargement. (D) Graphical representation of electrode configuration for CV-scES, configuration uses two programs (P1 and P2) running concurrently. Cathodes are represented in black and anodes in gray. Each program runs with an independent stimulating amplitude, pulse width, and frequency.
case_images: fnsys-14-571011-g0001.jpg
case_images: PMC7593242_01_fnsys-14-571011-g0001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: One individual (female, 26.9 years old, 3.1 years from initial SCI) with chronic cervical motor-complete (C4, AIS grade A) SCI who presented with significant cardiovascular dysfunction was implanted with a 16-electrode array epidural stimulator (RestoreAdvanced, Medtronic) on the dura between spinal segments L1-S1 at the T11-L1 vertebral level (Figure 1). Parameters for CV-scES, including electrode polarity, frequency, and pulse width (Figure 1), were optimized to maintain systolic blood pressure within a normative range of 110-120 mmHg (Figure 1) without eliciting lower extremity or core muscle activation (Figure 1).