case_images: PMC5286472_01
case_images: (a) Coronal view of unilateral crossed left renal ectopia without fusion to the right kidney. (b) Axial view of unilateral crossed left renal ectopia without fusion to the right kidney. (c) Sagittal view of unilateral crossed left renal ectopia without fusion to the right kidney. (d) Robotic view of dense adhesions to the left ureter in presacral space.
case_images: CRIS2017-3674603.001.jpg
case_images: PMC5286472_01_CRIS2017-3674603.001.jpg
case_images: fig1
case_images: At the time of initial exploration, he was noted to have both kidneys on the right hand side with the left kidney crossing over and lying at approximately the level of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) in the retroperitoneal space, as seen on pre-op CT (see Figures 1(a), 1(b), and 1(c)). The operation was started robotically but was soon converted to an open laparotomy incision due to the complex pelvic anatomy and need for further adhesiolysis (see Figure 1(d)).