case_images: PMC4900316_01
case_images: Color flow Doppler in mid esophageal four chamber view showing stenosis at the opening of left pulmonary veins and turbulence along the pulmonary venous flow
case_images: ACA-18-113-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC4900316_01_ACA-18-113-g001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a narrowed opening of the left superior PV ostium into the left atrium in the mid esophageal four chamber view [Figure 1]. Application of color flow Doppler showed turbulence in the course of the left sided PVs [Figure 1 and Video 1].
case_images: Continuous wave Doppler in mid esophageal four chamber view showing a continous pulmonary venous flow pattern with a peak gradient of 18 mm Hg and a flow velocity of 213 cm/sec across the stenotic pulmonary vein ostium
case_images: ACA-18-113-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC4900316_01_ACA-18-113-g002.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: Continuous-wave Doppler showed a gradient of 18 mm Hg across this membrane and a peak flow velocity of 213 cm/s [Figure 2] indicating a functionally significant obstruction. Postoperative TEE showed no turbulence in the course of the left superior PV [Figure 3 and Video 2] and the gradient across it decreased to 1 mm Hg and normal PV flow pattern was resumed [Figure 4].
case_images: Color flow Doppler in mid esophageal four chamber view after the surgery showing no stenosis at the opening of the pulmonary veins along with a nonturbulent pulmonary venous flow
case_images: ACA-18-113-g003.jpg
case_images: PMC4900316_01_ACA-18-113-g003.jpg
case_images: F3
case_images: Postoperative TEE showed no turbulence in the course of the left superior PV [Figure 3 and Video 2] and the gradient across it decreased to 1 mm Hg and normal PV flow pattern was resumed [Figure 4].
case_images: Postleft pulmonary vein augmentation pulsed wave Doppler analysis of the pulmonary venous drainage in mid esophageal four chamber view showing a normal pulmonary venous flow pattern and no significant gradient or velocity
case_images: ACA-18-113-g004.jpg
case_images: PMC4900316_01_ACA-18-113-g004.jpg
case_images: F4
case_images: Postoperative TEE showed no turbulence in the course of the left superior PV [Figure 3 and Video 2] and the gradient across it decreased to 1 mm Hg and normal PV flow pattern was resumed [Figure 4].