case_images: PMC11371624_01
case_images: (A) Experimental setup: The participant was instructed to play an eight-beat drumming pattern on a drum kit at a tempo of 80 beats per minute (BPM) and to verbally report any occurrences of dystonia symptoms. (B) The pattern involved playing the high-hat, snare drum, and bass drum. For the bass drum, the participant was required to strike two notes per bar: the first on the initial beat and the second as a syncopation of the third beat, represented by orange and green notes, respectively. A bar consisted of four metronome tones, indicated by dashed vertical lines, denoting the beats of the drumming pattern. (C) Occurrence of dystonia symptoms across four trials: Forty-two instances of symptoms were reported; 31 occurred solely on the first note in a bar, 5 occurred only on the second note, and 3 occurred on both the first and second notes, as indicated by orange, green, and blue vertical lines, respectively.
case_images: fneur-15-1398476-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC11371624_01_fneur-15-1398476-g001.jpg
case_images: fig1
case_images: The experimental setup is illustrated in Figure 1A. The participant was instructed to play an eight-beat drumming pattern on a drumming kit at a tempo of 80 beats per minute (BPM), equivalent to 750 ms between adjacent metronome sounds, as illustrated in Figure 1B. The dashed vertical lines in Figure 1B denote the beats of the metronome-tone. Specifically, for the bass drum, the participant was required to strike two notes per bar, the first on the initial beat and the second on the syncopation of the third beat, represented by the orange and green notes in Figure 1B, respectively.