case_images: PMC9691007_01
case_images: The infantile hemangioma in patient 1 at different periods. (A) Proliferating infantile hemangioma before oral propranolol therapy. (B) Involuted infantile hemangioma when the patient was admitted for pneumonia at the age of 13 months. (C) Infantile hemangioma worsened after nearly 1 day of oral procaterol therapy. (D) Involuted hemangioma after 1 month of oral propranolol therapy and one laser therapy.
case_images: fonc-12-1000099-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC9691007_01_fonc-12-1000099-g001.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: The IH had been rapidly growing on his left chest wall since birth, measuring 3.0 x 1.5cm at maximum and 0.6 x 0.4cm at minimum with bright red color ( Figure 1A ). After discharge, propranolol was maintained at 2.0 mg/kg per day and had significantly improved the IH until this admission for pneumonia ( Figure 1B ). After nearly 1 day of comprehensive treatment, the color of the IH progressed into deep red and showed a trend of proliferation ( Figure 1C ). Finally, the vasodilation of IH was in significant remission in 1 month of OPT and a single 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL; Cynergy , Cynosure ) therapy after discharge ( Figure 1D ).
case_images: PMC9691007_02
case_images: The infantile hemangioma in patient 2 at different periods. (A) Proliferating infantile hemangioma before oral propranolol therapy and laser therapy. (B) Involuted infantile hemangioma when the patient was admitted for acute bronchitis at the age of 15 months. (C) Infantile hemangioma showed a proliferation trend after 7 days of nebulized salbutamol treatment. (D) Infantile hemangioma worsened after receiving another 3 days of nebulized salbutamol therapy in the outpatient.
case_images: fonc-12-1000099-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC9691007_03_fonc-12-1000099-g002.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: However, after 7 days of respiratory management, the IH showed a trend of proliferation ( Figure 2C ). As the respiratory symptoms did not completely resolve even after discharge, he received another 3 days of nebulized therapy in outpatient clinic, and the IH size further expanded ( Figure 2D ).
case_images: PMC9691007_03
case_images: The infantile hemangioma in patient 2 at different periods. (A) Proliferating infantile hemangioma before oral propranolol therapy and laser therapy. (B) Involuted infantile hemangioma when the patient was admitted for acute bronchitis at the age of 15 months. (C) Infantile hemangioma showed a proliferation trend after 7 days of nebulized salbutamol treatment. (D) Infantile hemangioma worsened after receiving another 3 days of nebulized salbutamol therapy in the outpatient.
case_images: fonc-12-1000099-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC9691007_03_fonc-12-1000099-g002.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: However, after 7 days of respiratory management, the IH showed a trend of proliferation ( Figure 2C ). As the respiratory symptoms did not completely resolve even after discharge, he received another 3 days of nebulized therapy in outpatient clinic, and the IH size further expanded ( Figure 2D ).
case_images: PMC9691007_04
case_images: The infantile hemangioma in patient 3 at different periods. (A) Proliferating infantile hemangioma before oral propranolol therapy and laser therapy. (B) Involuted infantile hemangioma when the patient had completed the 10-month oral propranolol therapy and nine times of laser therapy at the age of 14 months. (C) Deterioration of infantile hemangioma after receiving 6 days of oral clenbuterol and nebulized salbutamol. (D) Involuted hemangioma after 1 month of oral propranolol therapy and one laser treatment.
case_images: fonc-12-1000099-g003.jpg
case_images: PMC9691007_04_fonc-12-1000099-g003.jpg
case_images: f3
case_images: A 4-month-old boy was diagnosed with IH, which was located on the right periauricular area ( Figure 3A ). Ten months of OPT (2.0 mg/kg per day) and nine times of 585-nm PDL therapies significantly reduced its size and faded its color into pale pink when he was 14 months old ( Figure 3B ). After 6 days of respiratory management, increased redness and macules were found on the original IH ( Figure 3C ). These newly developed hemangiomas faded rapidly after 1 month of comprehensive treatments ( Figure 3D ).