case_images: PMC3814656_01
case_images: Cerebrospinal fluid containing bone marrow elements including promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte and nucleated red blood cells
case_images: CJ-10-20-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC3814656_01_CJ-10-20-g001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: The specimen contains myeloid and erythroid precursors at various stages of maturation together with occasional lymphocytes and monocytes [Figure 1]. Myeloid precursors such as promyelocyte, myelocyte and metamyelocyte are seen in Figure 1.
case_images: Mixed inflammation showing small numbers of lymphocytes and neutrophils
case_images: CJ-10-20-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC3814656_01_CJ-10-20-g002.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: A cytological picture of predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes may indicate non-specific mixed inflammation [Figure 2], bacterial meningitis [Figure 3], cerebral abscess and empyema, CNS hemorrhage and infarction or occasionally the early stages of viral and fungal infection.
case_images: Neutrophilia together with small numbers of normal and activated lymphocytes
case_images: CJ-10-20-g003.jpg
case_images: PMC3814656_01_CJ-10-20-g003.jpg
case_images: F3
case_images: A cytological picture of predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes may indicate non-specific mixed inflammation [Figure 2], bacterial meningitis [Figure 3], cerebral abscess and empyema, CNS hemorrhage and infarction or occasionally the early stages of viral and fungal infection.
case_images: Malignant cells of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma surrounded by polymorphous inflammation
case_images: CJ-10-20-g004.jpg
case_images: PMC3814656_01_CJ-10-20-g004.jpg
case_images: F4
case_images: Immune response caused by malignant processes may present a similar picture [Figure 4].
case_images: Viral meningitis showing normal and activated lymphocytes with and scattered macrophages
case_images: CJ-10-20-g005.jpg
case_images: PMC3814656_01_CJ-10-20-g005.jpg
case_images: F5
case_images: Other infective differential diagnoses include mycobacterial tuberculosis and viral meningoencephalitis in which the CSF contains predominantly lymphocytes and monocytes [Figure 5].
case_images: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia containing numerous lymphoblasts
case_images: CJ-10-20-g006.jpg
case_images: PMC3814656_01_CJ-10-20-g006.jpg
case_images: F6
case_images: The presence of myeloid and lymphoid precursors may suggest CNS involvement by acute leukemia [Figure 6], lymphoma [Figure 7] or contamination by peripheral blood with abnormal blasts [Figure 8].
case_images: Abnormal blasts in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
case_images: CJ-10-20-g007.jpg
case_images: PMC3814656_01_CJ-10-20-g007.jpg
case_images: F7
case_images: The presence of myeloid and lymphoid precursors may suggest CNS involvement by acute leukemia [Figure 6], lymphoma [Figure 7] or contamination by peripheral blood with abnormal blasts [Figure 8].
case_images: Contaminant peripheral blood containing abnormal blasts
case_images: CJ-10-20-g008.jpg
case_images: PMC3814656_01_CJ-10-20-g008.jpg
case_images: F8
case_images: The presence of myeloid and lymphoid precursors may suggest CNS involvement by acute leukemia [Figure 6], lymphoma [Figure 7] or contamination by peripheral blood with abnormal blasts [Figure 8].
case_images: Traumatic tap showing numerous red blood cells with scattered neutrophils and lymphocytes consistent with peripheral blood
case_images: CJ-10-20-g009.jpg
case_images: PMC3814656_01_CJ-10-20-g009.jpg
case_images: F9
case_images: Increased numbers of red blood cells may also result in misdiagnosis of a traumatic tap [Figure 9].