case_images: PMC11367949_01
case_images: Panel A: 2D echocardiogram, RV focused images showing severe tricuspid regurgitation 8 (TR), short axis below. ** Redundant anterior tricuspid leaflet. *Dysplastic septal leaflet. 9 Panel B: Main pulmonary artery 2D phase contrast forward flow and curve analysis. LV and 10 RV volumes are showed. 11 Panel C: 4D Flow images. 4 chamber view showing the torrential TR jet with a massive 12 vortex occupying the right atrium. Direct TR flow measurement at this level shows 85.6% TR 13 fraction. Torrential TR 3 chamber view.
case_images: qyae066f1.jpg
case_images: PMC11367949_01_qyae066f1.jpg
case_images: qyae066-F1
case_images: The echocardiogram showed redundant and dysplastic tricuspid leaflets with torrential tricuspid regurgitation (TR; Figure 1 Panel A). The TR fraction, determined by subtracting the main pulmonary artery forward flow (using 2D phase contrast images) from the RV stroke volume (Figure 1 Panel B), was found to be comparable with the flow directly measured perpendicular to the maximum velocity jet using 4D flow (90% vs. 86%; Figure 1 Panel C).