case_images: PMC4244797_01
case_images: Magnetic resonance image of a 93  thoracic kyphoscoliosis and stenosis due to a bony ridge (red circle) between two dural ectasias at T4-T5 anteriorly and an autofusion of T4-T7. Note the dural ctasias (asterix) and the vertebral scalloping (yellow curve)
case_images: JNRP-6-84-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC4244797_01_JNRP-6-84-g001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: Computed tomography image of the thoracic spine with a 93  kyphoscoliosis. Note the bony anterior autofusion of T4-T7
case_images: JNRP-6-84-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC4244797_01_JNRP-6-84-g002.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: Cadaver view of the anterior thoracic spinal cord with the thoracic nerve root lifted upward (curved arrow) after a performed right costotransversectomy at T4. Note the detailed exposure of the anterior spinal cord with its epidural space (white circle), corresponding veins (black arrow), and the posterior longitudinal ligament (white arrow). Remark: The spinous process and the lamina have been removed for demonstrative purposes
case_images: JNRP-6-84-g003.jpg
case_images: PMC4244797_01_JNRP-6-84-g003.jpg
case_images: F3
case_images: T4-T5 by a right costotransversectomy [Figure 3] at T4 and posterior fusion of C6-T12 with bilateral pedicle screws at the C6, T11, and T12 level as well as bilateral bridging rod instrumentation [Figures 4 and 5]. The deformity was not corrected but stabilized.
case_images: Postoperative X-ray image showing the posterior fusion from C6 to T12 with bilateral pedicle screws at the C6, T11, and T12 level and bilateral bridging rods
case_images: JNRP-6-84-g004.jpg
case_images: PMC4244797_01_JNRP-6-84-g004.jpg
case_images: F4
case_images: T4-T5 by a right costotransversectomy [Figure 3] at T4 and posterior fusion of C6-T12 with bilateral pedicle screws at the C6, T11, and T12 level as well as bilateral bridging rod instrumentation [Figures 4 and 5]. The deformity was not corrected but stabilized.
case_images: Postoperative computed tomography image with posterior fusion of C6-T12. Note the pedicle screws at the C6, T11, and T12 level as well as the resection of the bony ridge at T4-T5 (red circle)
case_images: JNRP-6-84-g005.jpg
case_images: PMC4244797_01_JNRP-6-84-g005.jpg
case_images: F5
case_images: T4-T5 by a right costotransversectomy [Figure 3] at T4 and posterior fusion of C6-T12 with bilateral pedicle screws at the C6, T11, and T12 level as well as bilateral bridging rod instrumentation [Figures 4 and 5]. The deformity was not corrected but stabilized.