case_images: PMC11149448_01
case_images: Baseline performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
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case_images: PMC11149448_01_10.1177_11795735241258435-fig1.jpg
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case_images: She scored 21/30 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)   at that visit, ie, 8 months pre-treatment [Figure 1; Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)   was not administered at that time point].
case_images: Saggital, coronal, and axial MRI showing diffuse, bilateral atrophy and a small left inferior frontal cavernoma.
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case_images: Imaging obtained at our institution before and after treatment showed diffuse cortical atrophy, especially in the frontotemporal lobes (Figure 2).
case_images: Cortical gray matter volumes of the whole brain (top) and by lobe (bottom) in the left and right hemispheres compared to healthy controls before and after tDCS with computerized cognitive training. Y-axis indicates the values of gray matter volume normalized by individuals' intracranial volume. All of the patient's values are significantly lower than the control group (p<1 x 10-4) except for the insula cortex bilaterally (ps > .1), evaluated by Crawford't test.
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case_images: fig3-11795735241258435
case_images: Quantitative assessment of cortical gray matter volume showed that, compared to a group of 30 older healthy controls (mean age = 61.46 years, SD 7.1 years), she presented widespread significant gray matter reduction, with the right hemisphere gray matter reduction being slightly more severe than the left (Crawford's adjust t-values at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 5-month follow-up: 13.9, 14.5, 14.5; right-hemisphere: 17.8, 18.3, 18.4, see Figure 3).