case_images: PMC9664203_01
case_images: Natural head position. (A) Pre-treatment frontal view; (B) Pre-treatment lateral view (right); (C) Post-treatment frontal view; (D) Post-treatment lateral view (right). The red line corresponds to the sagittal plane. The green line corresponds to the coronal plane. The blue line corresponds to the transverse plane. The reference landmarks used for cephalometric measurements are shown in Table 1.
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case_images: F1
case_images: In the NHP, there are three reference planes (Figure 1), perpendicular to each other, which are identified on the software for the patient's cephalometric measurements.
case_images: The right-left difference in maxillary height at the end of the treatment (PA view). The maxillary height was calculated from FH to the occlusal fossa of the maxillary first molar.
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case_images: F2
case_images: The cephalometric analysis of the masseter muscles (Figure 2) showed that both muscles developed similarly in thickness but not in length.
case_images: Facial vertical growth pattern at the end of the treatment. The facial divergence was evaluated with the Sella-Nasion and Gonion-Gnathion angle (SNGoGn); the SNGoGn angle is an angular measurement that quantifies the inclination of the mandibular base about the cranial base. The angle from SN to GoGn was 32.5 (mesofacial) at the end of the treatment. An SN.GoGn of 32 +- 4 degrees is within normal range (hypodivergent < 28  and hyperdivergent > 36 ).
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case_images: F3
case_images: Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA) at the end of the treatment. The FMA is the angle from FH to GoGn. The FMA was 16,8  (hypodivergent) at t1 with a difference of +3.2 . An FMA of 25 +- 4  is within normal range (hypodivergent < 21 , hyperdivergent > 29 ).
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case_images: F4
case_images: The FMA was 13.6  (hypodivergent) at t0 and 16.8  (hypodivergent) at t1, with a difference of +3.2  (Figure 4).
case_images: Sagittal facial growth pattern (ANB) at the end of the treatment (LL view). The subspinale-nasion-supramental angle (ANB) indicates the skeletal relationship between the maxilla (at the level of point A) and mandible (at the level of point B). The ANB angle is commonly used to determine the sagittal facial growth pattern in cephalometric analysis, and an ANB of 2 +- 2  is within the normal range (class II > 4 , class III < 0 ). The sagittal facial growth pattern (ANB) was 2.5  (class I) at the end of the treatment.
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case_images: F5
case_images: The ANB angle (Figure 5) is commonly used to determine the sagittal facial growth pattern in cephalometric analysis, and an ANB of 2 +- 2  is within a normal range (class II > 4 , class III < 0 ).
case_images: PMC9664203_02