case_images: PMC4939985_01
case_images: Imaging materials of the patient during the anti-PD-1 treatment.. Notes: MRI showed multiple metastases occurred in the liver (A), spleen (B), and brain (C and D). A chest CT scan of the thorax showed lung lesion (E) before and (F) ~5 days after three cycles of nivolumab treatment. Arrows indicate the lesions.. Abbreviations: MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CT, computed tomography; PD, programmed death.
case_images: ott-9-4137Fig1.jpg
case_images: PMC4939985_01_ott-9-4137Fig1.jpg
case_images: f1-ott-9-4137
case_images: Further examinations, including nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of his head, pathological examination, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography were conducted, showing multiple metastases in his brain, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, adrenal gland, and humerus (Figure 1A-E). A chest computed tomography examination revealed that the treatment was effective and the lung lesions had shrunk after the therapy (Figure 1F), but the patient passed away on September 26 without other severe symptoms.
case_images: Monitoring of immune status during the anti-PD-1 treatment.. Notes: (A) Analysis of the Lym proportions, eg, T, B, NK, Treg, Ts, and CTL, in the peripheral blood. (B) The expression analysis of functional immune molecules, including CD25, CD28, CTLA-4, PD-1, Foxp3, TGF-beta, and IL-10.. Abbreviations: Lym, lymphocyte; NK, natural killer; Treg, regulatory T; Ts, suppressor T Lym; CTL, cytotoxic T Lym; CTLA, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen; PD, programmed death; TGF, transforming growth factor; IL-10, interleukin-10.
case_images: ott-9-4137Fig2.jpg
case_images: PMC4939985_01_ott-9-4137Fig2.jpg
case_images: f2-ott-9-4137
case_images: The proportion of lymphocyte (Lym) subpopulations, including T, B, natural killer (NK), regulatory T (Treg), cytotoxic T Lym (CTL; CD3+CD8+CD28+), and suppressor T Lym (Ts; CD3+CD8+CD28-), and the expression of several immunoregulatory molecules (inhibition and activation), including CD25, CD28, CTLA-4, PD-1, Foxp3, TGF-beta, and IL-10 in the peripheral blood, were analyzed (Figure 2A and B).