case_images: PMC10808633_01
case_images: Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images from 3D time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography illustrating the sphenoid wing (SW) dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) both before and after self-healing. The yellow arrow highlights the SOV primary efferent pathway of the SW DAVF, while the yellow triangle indicates the para-cavernous sinus (para-CS) drainage, and the blue arrow suggests the possible involvement of the efferent inferior ophthalmic vein. (A) Axial MIP image before self-healing. (B) Axial MIP image after spontaneous closure, possibly attributed to thrombus embolization. (C) Sagittal MIP image before spontaneous closure. (D) Sagittal MIP image after self-healing. (E) Coronal MIP image before spontaneous closure. (F) Coronal MIP image after spontaneous closure. (G) Follow-up MR angiography was performed 42 months after the initial onset of PT, depicting the absence of radiologic indications of DAVF. (H) Volume rendering technique was applied to the 42-month follow-up MR angiography, showing the absence of radiologic indications of DAVF.
case_images: fneur-14-1293899-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC10808633_01_fneur-14-1293899-g001.jpg
case_images: fig1
case_images: The three-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography showed a relatively small region of hyperintense signal at the lesser SW region and the left para-CS (laterocavernous sinus) region (Figure 1), which extends to its efferent outlets, typically the SOV and inferior ophthalmic vein (IOV), and through the meningeal emissary veins to the pterygoid plexus (Figure 2).
case_images: 3D time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography slices highlighting the involved efferent venous pathways of the sphenoid wing (SW)-DAVF in this case. (A) Axial (1), coronal (2), and sagittal (3) slices depict the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) as an efferent pathway, denoted by yellow arrows. (B) Axial (1), coronal (2), and sagittal (3) slices illustrate the inferior ophthalmic vein as a potential efferent pathway, indicated by blue arrows. (C) Axial (1), coronal (2), and sagittal (3) slices display the pterygoid plexus, marked with red arrows.
case_images: fneur-14-1293899-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC10808633_01_fneur-14-1293899-g002.jpg
case_images: fig2
case_images: The three-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography showed a relatively small region of hyperintense signal at the lesser SW region and the left para-CS (laterocavernous sinus) region (Figure 1), which extends to its efferent outlets, typically the SOV and inferior ophthalmic vein (IOV), and through the meningeal emissary veins to the pterygoid plexus (Figure 2).