case_images: PMC9294239_01
case_images: (A) Computed tomography (CT) at initial presentation revealed the left kidney tumor (blue arrow) with para-aortic lymph node involvement (red arrow). (B) Follow-up CT after induction therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab showed substantial decrease in size of para-aortic lymph node.
case_images: fimmu-13-934991-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC9294239_01_fimmu-13-934991-g001.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: Computed tomography (CT) showed a poorly enhanced tumor within the upper pole of the left kidney measuring 1.4 cm x 3.6 cm x 2.2 cm with multiple-lymph node involvement including para-aortic, retrocrural, and supraclavicular lymph nodes ( Figure 1 ).
case_images: (A) Mass cytometry data showing changes in expression of CD62L, CCR7, and CD27 in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The data are visualized using the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) technique. PBMC samples were collected before ICI treatment and after induction. (B) tSNE plot displaying subpopulations of CD8+ cells (A) and CD4+ cells (B) determined by mass cytometry before treatment and after induction therapy when tumor is responding to therapy. Major subpopulations are surrounded by lines. EM, effector memory; CM, central memory; EMRA, effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA; Treg, regulatory T cell.
case_images: fimmu-13-934991-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC9294239_01_fimmu-13-934991-g002.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: T cells expressing CD62L, CCR7, and CD27 ( Figure 2A ) . This finding was supported by multicolor flow cytometry analysis showing an increase in the proportion of central memory (CD45RA-CCR7+) and naive (CD45RA+CCR7+) CD8+ T cells after induction therapy, whereas the proportion of effector (CD45RA+CCR7-) and effector memory (CD45RA-CCR7-) CD8+ T cells decreased ( Supplementary Data 3A ). A similar increase in the stem-like population was also observed in CD4+ T cells ( Figure 2B ).