case_images: PMC11706984_01
case_images: HCC patient-derived serum educated spheroids show a diversity in responses to sorafenib and cabozantinib, and proportionally matched to results from clinical trials. (a) PDSES were generated with depleted blood sera from HCC patients and then treated with sorafenib or cabozantinib. Cell viability was measured 3 days post-treatment. An inhibitory dose-response curve fit with constraints (top = 100; bottom = 0) was drawn for each HCC patient and the true efficacy response was determined based on the TICK values. (b) True efficacy of sorafenib on a cohort of 37 HCC patients. Based on the TICK exclusion strategy, 17 HCC patients out of 37 were responding to sorafenib (shown with green curves). (c) 16 HCC patients out of 27 treated with cabozantinib were responding (shown with green curves). (d) Comparative analysis of the proportion of responders between in vitro data and results from 2 clinical trials.
case_images: 41598_2024_84304_Fig4_HTML.jpg
case_images: PMC11706984_01_41598_2024_84304_Fig4_HTML.jpg
case_images: Fig4
case_images: We also noticed that there is a discrepancy in the percentage of responders to sorafenib between our exploratory case study cohort (Fig. 5b: 26.7%) and the independent test cohort (Fig. 4b: 45.9%). Further analysis did not reveal any differences in terms of number of males/females and age average between the 2 cohorts (exploratory case study cohort in Fig. 5b: 83% males, 17% females, age average 67.6 +- 7.6-year-old; test cohort in Fig. 4b: 86% males, 14% females, age average 67.7 +- 6.3-year-old).
case_images: Evaluation of the performance of HCC patient-derived serum educated spheroids to reproduce the clinical outcomes to TKIs. (a) Blood sera from HCC patients were collected before the patient underwent a clinical treatment protocol. PDSES were generated and then treated with the same treatment as the one that he/she received in the clinic. A blind and unbiased in vitro analysis of the response to TKIs was performed. The true therapeutic response to TKIs was determined using the TICK exclusion strategy as described above. The full process from blood processing to final reports was 7 days. (b) Clinical outcomes and in vitro prediction responses to TKIs. PDSES from 29 HCC patients were generated and then treated with TKIs accordingly to the clinical treatment protocol. The true therapeutic efficacy was determined based on the TICK values for each TKI as described above.
case_images: 41598_2024_84304_Fig5_HTML.jpg
case_images: PMC11706984_01_41598_2024_84304_Fig5_HTML.jpg
case_images: Fig5
case_images: We also noticed that there is a discrepancy in the percentage of responders to sorafenib between our exploratory case study cohort (Fig. 5b: 26.7%) and the independent test cohort (Fig. 4b: 45.9%). Further analysis did not reveal any differences in terms of number of males/females and age average between the 2 cohorts (exploratory case study cohort in Fig. 5b: 83% males, 17% females, age average 67.6 +- 7.6-year-old; test cohort in Fig. 4b: 86% males, 14% females, age average 67.7 +- 6.3-year-old).