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case_images: Malaria life cycle and mechanisms of vertical transmission leading to congenital malaria infection. (1) Plasmodium sporozoites are inoculated during the bloodmeal of a female Anopheles mosquito. (2) They undergo a liver phase, then (3) merozoites are released into the bloodstream to initiate the asexual intraerythrocytic cycle, during which time clinical symptoms present. (4) For P. vivax and P. ovale, some sporozoites transform into dormant liver hypnozoites, which can reactivate weeks to years later and cause relapse. (5) During pregnancy, maternal parasitemia may occur as a result of a new infection, chronic subclinical parasitemia in semi-immune individuals, or relapse of hypnozoites. (6) Parasites may be vertically transmitted via the placenta or with abruption, but (7) most transmission events are believed to result from mixing of maternal and fetal blood during parturition.
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case_images: PMC10838024_01_10.1177_20499361241229263-fig1.jpg
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case_images: Figure 1). She did not know the causative species or medication. Fever recurred at 6-months gestation in Canada.
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