case_images: PMC8403562_01
case_images: Schematic representing the treatment and sampling protocols used in this study. This patient initiated antiretroviral therapy with 3TC+AZT+NVP in August 2008, switched to 3TC+AZT+LPV/r in August 2013, and to 3TC+AZT+LPV/r+RAL in March 2015. Samples used in the study were collected at different time points shown on top of the schematic. Rectangles represent plasma and circles represent PBMC.
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case_images: PBMC and plasma samples were collected at different time points from September, 2013 to June, 2017 (Figure 1).
case_images: The development of Drug Resistant Mutants in Reverse Transcriptase (RT), Protease (PR) and Integrase (IN) Sequences in DNA from PBMC. Change in percent of drug resistant mutations in RT sequences, PR sequences and IN sequences. The vertical axes represent the percent of drug resistant mutants. Time scale is in calendar years and months.
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case_images: These results are displayed in Table 1 and Figure 2.
case_images: Demographic History of RT, PR and IN Sequences in DNA from PBMC. Bayesian skyline plots showing the effective population in the RT sequences (A), PR sequences (B) and IN sequences (C). Median estimates of the effective number of infections using Bayesian skyline (black curve) are shown in each graphic together with 95% highest probability density intervals of the Bayesian skyline estimates (blue area). The vertical axes represent the estimated effective number of infections on a logarithmic scale. Time scale is in calendar years. Vertical dotted lines indicate when a protease inhibitor (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) were added to ART.
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case_images: After the administration of INSTI, the effective population of IN sequences increased because of the drug resistant mutants selected by RAL. (Figure 3).