case_images: PMC11249143_01
case_images: (a) Initial view of a right anomalous facial artery before skin removal, coursing horizontally across the face. Branches of the facial nerve are visible immediately surrounding the artery. (b) Further dissection demonstrated two facial arteries from the external carotid artery (ECA).
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case_images: On the right side, however, a large transverse (horizontally-oriented) artery - at about the level of the inferior edge of the tragus - was encountered immediately upon elevating the skin flap (Figure 1a). FA2) and an inferior artery (FA1), arising from the ECA in the neck and supplying the inferior portion of the distribution that is normally covered by a single FA. FA1 actually arose from ECA via a Common Trunk, which then divided into FA1 and the Lingual Artery (LA). (Figure 1b).
case_images: (a) The proximal end of ECA gives rise to a common trunk (CT), which divides into FA1 and lingual artery (LA). FA1 later gives off mental artery (MeA). The distal end of ECA gives rise to a trifurcation of MA, FA2, and STA. The superior thyroid artery (SThA) is also identified. (b) Figure 2(a) with arteries outlined in red.
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case_images: FA2 originated from the STA 9 mm distal to the bifurcation of ECA into the maxillary artery (MA) and STA (Figure 2).
case_images: (a) FA2 Runs transversely across the cheek to give branches to the superior labial artery (SLA) and lateral nasal artery (LNA). FA1 gives rise to MeA, which gives rise to the inferior labial artery (ILA). (b) Figure 3(a) with arteries outlined in red.
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case_images: Furthermore, the typical distribution of the end-arteries of FA was divided into two regions (Figure 3).
case_images: Measurements: FA1, MA, FA2, and STA branch from ECA. The diameter of ECA is 8 mm proximally, 7 mm after FA1 takeoff, and 5 mm after MA takeoff. As ECA terminates as STA, the diameter is 3 mm. The diameters of FA1, MA, and FA2 are 3, 5, and 6 mm, respectively. The distance between the takeoffs of FA1 and MA is 37 mm, and the distance between the takeoffs of MA and FA2 is 9 mm.
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case_images: FA1 originated from ECA 37 mm proximal to the MA/STA bifurcation (see Figure 4 for measurements; note that FA2 is 1 mm wider in diameter than FA1).