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case_images: Basic information of the respondents.
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case_images: Figure 2. Further, a stratification of the respondents' basic information would be helpful to understand their sociodemographic characteristics.
case_images: Living and working conditions of the respondents.
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case_images: The abovementioned characteristics of the respondents are summarized in Figure 3.
case_images: (A) Health risk perceptions of hot days, (B) the frequency of influence types of hot days, and (C) the frequency of physical discomfort types due to hot days.
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case_images: The residents' health risk perception of hot days could be detected from four dimensions (Figure 4A), 92.31% of the residents believed that the high temperature weathers in Xi'an had an impact on themselves (including 13.54% for "great influence," 28.31% for "large influence," 36.92% for "general influence," and 13.54% for "minor influence"). Specifically, the influence types of hot days were mainly in the form of reduced travel frequency (26.96%), mood swings (17.18%), travel inconvenience (13.13%), decreased study or work efficiency (11.73%), physical discomfort (11.45%), and increased living costs (10.89%) (Figure 4B). Moreover, 44.92% of the respondents had medical treatments due to hot days, among which the frequency of sleep disorders (18.33%), digestive system discomfort (14.62%), or sunstroke (12.06%) was relatively high, some of the respondents showed the symptoms of sunburn (6.96%), respiratory system discomfort (3.48%), and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications (3.02%) (Figure 4C).
case_images: Influencing factors of health risk perceptions of hot days (* means p < 0.05).
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case_images: With respondents' basic information and living or working conditions as the independent variables, and their health risk perceptions of hot days as the dependent variables, the logistic regression model regarding the influencing factors of residents' perceptions of hot days was built (Figure 5). Figure 5 shows that gender was a significant influence factor both on the health threat and the discomfort symptoms caused by hot days.
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case_images: Perceptions of the cooling effect of urban green spaces and water landscapes.
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case_images: However, 20.62% of the residents could not make a clear judgment, and the remaining believed that the cooling effect has diminished (Figure 6). In terms of judging the difference in the cooling ability between urban green spaces and water landscapes, as can be seen from Figure 6, the proportion of respondents who believed that the cooling effect of urban green spaces is better (43.08%) was only slightly higher than that of who thought water has a stronger cooling ability (41.54%). Residents had a higher acceptance (79.08%) for the restrictive effect of the area of urban green spaces and water landscapes regarding its cooling effect, while only 40.92% of residents believed that the shape of the landscape also had an impact, and another 38.46% held the opposite attitude (Figure 6).
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case_images: Influencing factors of perceptions of the urban ecological landscape's cooling effect (* means p < 0.05).
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case_images: Figure 7 shows the ordinal logistic regression model regarding the influencing factors of residents' perceptions of urban ecological landscape's cooling effect. It can be seen from Figure 7 that residents who have lived in Xi'an for 5-10 years were less likely to agree with the constraint of the landscape's shape on the cooling effect than those who have lived in Xi'an for more than 10 years.
case_images: Necessity of urban green spaces and water landscapes construction.
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case_images: More than 50% of the respondents in the Yanta, Weiyang, Lianhu, and Beilin districts were in urgent need for urban ecological landscape construction (Figure 8), among which the residents in the Beilin District thought were "very necessary" accounted for the highest proportion (70.37%).
case_images: Influencing factors of residents' needs of the urban green spaces and water construction (* means p < 0.05).
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case_images: It could be found that the stronger the perception of influence intensity of hot days, the greater the respondents' needs of the construction of urban green spaces (Figure 9), which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Figure 9 shows that residents who were optimistic or uncertain about the urban green spaces' cooling trend in Xi'an, their needs of the construction of green infrastructure was 5.63 times and 2.72 times stronger than those who believed that the cooling effect had a worsening trend.