case_images: PMC9064656_01
case_images: Chest CT scans of the patients studied. Patient 1: in A, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidations, and parenchymal bands; in B, a scan after 15 months of follow-up showing subtle peripheral and posterior GGO. Patient 2: in C, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO; in D, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO with subpleural curvilinear lines and small dilated bronchioles in the right lower lobe. Patient 3: in E, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and crazy-paving pattern; in F, a scan after 6 months of follow-up showing subtle scattered GGO. Patient 4: a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO and consolidations; in H, a scan after 4 months of follow-up showing subtle bilateral and peripheral GGO. Patient 5: in I, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO; in J, a scan after 10 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO and mosaic attenuation in the lung parenchyma. Patient 6: in K, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and consolidations; in L, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing bilateral GGO with some dilated bronchioles.
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: Follow-up CT scanning demonstrated an improvement in comparison with that at hospital admission (Figures 1K and 1L, respectively), showing residual pulmonary lesions only.
case_images: Histopathological panel of transbronchial biopsy samples collected from the patients studied (H&E; low power field, x4, and high power field, x40). All of the patients showed hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension. Patient 1: focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (blue dashed ellipse in A) associated with architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (blue arrows in B). Patient 2: mild hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension (red arrow in C). Note the focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (red dashed ellipse in D). Patient 3: prominent peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double green arrow in E). The architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer is highlighted (green arrow in F). Patient 4: the architectural distortion around hyaline peribronchial remodeling promoted focal simile-desquamative reaction (area enclosed by blue dashed line in G). Note the disarray and hypertrophy of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (double blue arrow in H). Patient 5: prominent peribronchial remodeling (red arrow in I) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double red arrow in J) and small calcification. Patient 6: prominent peribronchial remodeling (green arrow in K) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (green arrow in L).
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Pulmonary histopathological analysis was compatible with peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (Figures 2K and 2L).
case_images: PMC9064656_02
case_images: Chest CT scans of the patients studied. Patient 1: in A, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidations, and parenchymal bands; in B, a scan after 15 months of follow-up showing subtle peripheral and posterior GGO. Patient 2: in C, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO; in D, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO with subpleural curvilinear lines and small dilated bronchioles in the right lower lobe. Patient 3: in E, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and crazy-paving pattern; in F, a scan after 6 months of follow-up showing subtle scattered GGO. Patient 4: a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO and consolidations; in H, a scan after 4 months of follow-up showing subtle bilateral and peripheral GGO. Patient 5: in I, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO; in J, a scan after 10 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO and mosaic attenuation in the lung parenchyma. Patient 6: in K, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and consolidations; in L, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing bilateral GGO with some dilated bronchioles.
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: Follow-up CT scanning demonstrated an improvement in comparison with that at hospital admission (Figures 1K and 1L, respectively), showing residual pulmonary lesions only.
case_images: Histopathological panel of transbronchial biopsy samples collected from the patients studied (H&E; low power field, x4, and high power field, x40). All of the patients showed hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension. Patient 1: focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (blue dashed ellipse in A) associated with architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (blue arrows in B). Patient 2: mild hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension (red arrow in C). Note the focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (red dashed ellipse in D). Patient 3: prominent peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double green arrow in E). The architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer is highlighted (green arrow in F). Patient 4: the architectural distortion around hyaline peribronchial remodeling promoted focal simile-desquamative reaction (area enclosed by blue dashed line in G). Note the disarray and hypertrophy of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (double blue arrow in H). Patient 5: prominent peribronchial remodeling (red arrow in I) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double red arrow in J) and small calcification. Patient 6: prominent peribronchial remodeling (green arrow in K) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (green arrow in L).
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Pulmonary histopathological analysis was compatible with peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (Figures 2K and 2L).
case_images: PMC9064656_03
case_images: Chest CT scans of the patients studied. Patient 1: in A, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidations, and parenchymal bands; in B, a scan after 15 months of follow-up showing subtle peripheral and posterior GGO. Patient 2: in C, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO; in D, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO with subpleural curvilinear lines and small dilated bronchioles in the right lower lobe. Patient 3: in E, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and crazy-paving pattern; in F, a scan after 6 months of follow-up showing subtle scattered GGO. Patient 4: a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO and consolidations; in H, a scan after 4 months of follow-up showing subtle bilateral and peripheral GGO. Patient 5: in I, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO; in J, a scan after 10 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO and mosaic attenuation in the lung parenchyma. Patient 6: in K, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and consolidations; in L, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing bilateral GGO with some dilated bronchioles.
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: Follow-up CT scanning demonstrated an improvement in comparison with that at hospital admission (Figures 1K and 1L, respectively), showing residual pulmonary lesions only.
case_images: Histopathological panel of transbronchial biopsy samples collected from the patients studied (H&E; low power field, x4, and high power field, x40). All of the patients showed hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension. Patient 1: focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (blue dashed ellipse in A) associated with architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (blue arrows in B). Patient 2: mild hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension (red arrow in C). Note the focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (red dashed ellipse in D). Patient 3: prominent peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double green arrow in E). The architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer is highlighted (green arrow in F). Patient 4: the architectural distortion around hyaline peribronchial remodeling promoted focal simile-desquamative reaction (area enclosed by blue dashed line in G). Note the disarray and hypertrophy of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (double blue arrow in H). Patient 5: prominent peribronchial remodeling (red arrow in I) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double red arrow in J) and small calcification. Patient 6: prominent peribronchial remodeling (green arrow in K) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (green arrow in L).
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Pulmonary histopathological analysis was compatible with peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (Figures 2K and 2L).
case_images: PMC9064656_04
case_images: Chest CT scans of the patients studied. Patient 1: in A, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidations, and parenchymal bands; in B, a scan after 15 months of follow-up showing subtle peripheral and posterior GGO. Patient 2: in C, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO; in D, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO with subpleural curvilinear lines and small dilated bronchioles in the right lower lobe. Patient 3: in E, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and crazy-paving pattern; in F, a scan after 6 months of follow-up showing subtle scattered GGO. Patient 4: a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO and consolidations; in H, a scan after 4 months of follow-up showing subtle bilateral and peripheral GGO. Patient 5: in I, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO; in J, a scan after 10 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO and mosaic attenuation in the lung parenchyma. Patient 6: in K, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and consolidations; in L, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing bilateral GGO with some dilated bronchioles.
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: Follow-up CT scanning demonstrated an improvement in comparison with that at hospital admission (Figures 1K and 1L, respectively), showing residual pulmonary lesions only.
case_images: Histopathological panel of transbronchial biopsy samples collected from the patients studied (H&E; low power field, x4, and high power field, x40). All of the patients showed hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension. Patient 1: focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (blue dashed ellipse in A) associated with architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (blue arrows in B). Patient 2: mild hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension (red arrow in C). Note the focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (red dashed ellipse in D). Patient 3: prominent peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double green arrow in E). The architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer is highlighted (green arrow in F). Patient 4: the architectural distortion around hyaline peribronchial remodeling promoted focal simile-desquamative reaction (area enclosed by blue dashed line in G). Note the disarray and hypertrophy of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (double blue arrow in H). Patient 5: prominent peribronchial remodeling (red arrow in I) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double red arrow in J) and small calcification. Patient 6: prominent peribronchial remodeling (green arrow in K) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (green arrow in L).
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Pulmonary histopathological analysis was compatible with peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (Figures 2K and 2L).
case_images: PMC9064656_05
case_images: Chest CT scans of the patients studied. Patient 1: in A, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidations, and parenchymal bands; in B, a scan after 15 months of follow-up showing subtle peripheral and posterior GGO. Patient 2: in C, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO; in D, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO with subpleural curvilinear lines and small dilated bronchioles in the right lower lobe. Patient 3: in E, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and crazy-paving pattern; in F, a scan after 6 months of follow-up showing subtle scattered GGO. Patient 4: a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO and consolidations; in H, a scan after 4 months of follow-up showing subtle bilateral and peripheral GGO. Patient 5: in I, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO; in J, a scan after 10 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO and mosaic attenuation in the lung parenchyma. Patient 6: in K, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and consolidations; in L, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing bilateral GGO with some dilated bronchioles.
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: Follow-up CT scanning demonstrated an improvement in comparison with that at hospital admission (Figures 1K and 1L, respectively), showing residual pulmonary lesions only.
case_images: Histopathological panel of transbronchial biopsy samples collected from the patients studied (H&E; low power field, x4, and high power field, x40). All of the patients showed hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension. Patient 1: focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (blue dashed ellipse in A) associated with architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (blue arrows in B). Patient 2: mild hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension (red arrow in C). Note the focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (red dashed ellipse in D). Patient 3: prominent peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double green arrow in E). The architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer is highlighted (green arrow in F). Patient 4: the architectural distortion around hyaline peribronchial remodeling promoted focal simile-desquamative reaction (area enclosed by blue dashed line in G). Note the disarray and hypertrophy of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (double blue arrow in H). Patient 5: prominent peribronchial remodeling (red arrow in I) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double red arrow in J) and small calcification. Patient 6: prominent peribronchial remodeling (green arrow in K) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (green arrow in L).
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Pulmonary histopathological analysis was compatible with peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (Figures 2K and 2L).
case_images: PMC9064656_06
case_images: Chest CT scans of the patients studied. Patient 1: in A, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidations, and parenchymal bands; in B, a scan after 15 months of follow-up showing subtle peripheral and posterior GGO. Patient 2: in C, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO; in D, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO with subpleural curvilinear lines and small dilated bronchioles in the right lower lobe. Patient 3: in E, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and crazy-paving pattern; in F, a scan after 6 months of follow-up showing subtle scattered GGO. Patient 4: a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral and peripheral GGO and consolidations; in H, a scan after 4 months of follow-up showing subtle bilateral and peripheral GGO. Patient 5: in I, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO; in J, a scan after 10 months of follow-up showing subtle GGO and mosaic attenuation in the lung parenchyma. Patient 6: in K, a scan during the acute phase showing bilateral GGO and consolidations; in L, a scan after 7 months of follow-up showing bilateral GGO with some dilated bronchioles.
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf1.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: Follow-up CT scanning demonstrated an improvement in comparison with that at hospital admission (Figures 1K and 1L, respectively), showing residual pulmonary lesions only.
case_images: Histopathological panel of transbronchial biopsy samples collected from the patients studied (H&E; low power field, x4, and high power field, x40). All of the patients showed hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension. Patient 1: focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (blue dashed ellipse in A) associated with architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (blue arrows in B). Patient 2: mild hyaline peribronchial remodeling with septal extension (red arrow in C). Note the focal septal thickening by prominent extracellular matrix deposition (red dashed ellipse in D). Patient 3: prominent peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double green arrow in E). The architectural distortion of the bronchial smooth muscle layer is highlighted (green arrow in F). Patient 4: the architectural distortion around hyaline peribronchial remodeling promoted focal simile-desquamative reaction (area enclosed by blue dashed line in G). Note the disarray and hypertrophy of the bronchial smooth muscle layer (double blue arrow in H). Patient 5: prominent peribronchial remodeling (red arrow in I) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (double red arrow in J) and small calcification. Patient 6: prominent peribronchial remodeling (green arrow in K) with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (green arrow in L).
case_images: 1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: PMC9064656_06_1806-3756-jbpneu-48-03-e20210438-gf2.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Pulmonary histopathological analysis was compatible with peribronchial remodeling with extensive extracellular matrix deposition (Figures 2K and 2L).