case_images: PMC10499529_01
case_images: Case 1: an 11-month-old male with a right incarcerated inguinal hernia. (a) Sonogram of the right inguinal bulge showing a cystic structure accompanying intestinal wall layers. A high-echoic layer as mucosa (arrow) and a low-echoic layer (arrowhead) as submucosa or muscular layer can be visualized. Due to edematous changes in the intestinal wall, the five-layer structure of the intestinal wall could not be clearly visualized. (b) Color Doppler sonogram of the inguinal hernia shows vascular flow within the intestine (arrows). Intestinal peristalsis was preserved but weak.
case_images: CRIPE2023-5593369.001.jpg
case_images: PMC10499529_01_CRIPE2023-5593369.001.jpg
case_images: fig1
case_images: He was diagnosed with an incarcerated inguinal hernia (Figure 1).
case_images: PMC10499529_02
case_images: Case 2: a 7-month-old female with herniated ovarian torsion. (a) Sonogram of the left inguinal bulge showing a low-echoic mass with some cystic follicles (arrowheads). Color Doppler imaging shows diminished vascular flow within the mass. The surrounding subcutaneous tissue exhibits edematous changes (arrow). Therefore, herniated ovarian torsion was diagnosed and confirmed surgically. (b) Sonogram of the right ovary. Normal right ovary is detected in the pelvis. A few small cysts from ovarian follicles are evident (arrow).
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case_images: PMC10499529_02_CRIPE2023-5593369.002.jpg
case_images: fig2
case_images: Subsequently, ultrasound was performed, which showed multiple low-echoic cystic lesions with surrounding edematous subcutaneous tissue and diminished vascular perfusion (Figure 2).
case_images: PMC10499529_03
case_images: Case 3: a 7-year-old boy with undescended testicular torsion. Sonogram of the left inguinal bulge shows a low-echoic testis (white arrowheads) accompanied by swelling of the epididymis (black arrowhead). This low-echoic structure was not connected to the abdomen and was not detected to be a layer of the intestinal wall. Vascular perfusion within the testis and epididymis is diminished. The surrounding subcutaneous tissue exhibits edematous changes (arrows).
case_images: CRIPE2023-5593369.003.jpg
case_images: PMC10499529_03_CRIPE2023-5593369.003.jpg
case_images: fig3
case_images: Vascular perfusion within the testis was diminished, and parenchymal echogenicity of the affected testis was low (Figure 3).
case_images: PMC10499529_04
case_images: Case 4: a 2-month-old male with purulent lymphadenitis. (a) Sonogram of the right inguinal bulge shows a low-echoic lymph node (arrowhead) with surrounding effusion and high-echoic surrounding subcutaneous tissue (arrows). Therefore, purulent lymphadenitis was diagnosed. (b) Color Doppler sonogram at the inguinal lymph node shows the absence of vascular flow within the lesion (arrowhead). An adjacent enlarged lymph node is visualized (arrow).
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case_images: PMC10499529_04_CRIPE2023-5593369.004.jpg
case_images: fig4
case_images: Subsequently, ultrasound was performed, which revealed a low-echoic lymph node with surrounding effusion and high-echoic surrounding subcutaneous tissue (Figure 4).