case_images: PMC9465088_01
case_images: Schema for the disease course, treatments, and MRI manifestations of anti-GABAAR encephalitis in a 29-year-old woman. (A-F) Clinical manifestations and treatment options corresponding to each time point in the course of the disease. AEDs, anti-epilepsy drugs; AZP, azathioprine; CTX, cyclophosphamide; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobin; MTP, methylprednisolone.
case_images: fneur-13-954494-g0001.jpg
case_images: PMC9465088_01_fneur-13-954494-g0001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: MRI of the brain using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) revealed multiple, asynchronous, cortical-subcortical abnormalities in the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and insular lobes, and mismatched cerebrovascular distribution (Figure 1).
case_images: EEG manifestations at the time of right arm paroxysmal clonus occurrence (A) and after intravenous midazolam (B).
case_images: fneur-13-954494-g0002.jpg
case_images: PMC9465088_01_fneur-13-954494-g0002.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: Electroencephalography (EEG) demonstrated periodic epileptiform discharges in chains lasting for 2 min in the left frontal region when right arm paroxysmal clonus occurred (Figure 2A), which was nearly synchronously attenuated by intravenous midazolam (Figure 2B) A second test was performed on August 12, 2020, for antibodies in the plasma and CSF against GABAAR alpha1/beta3 and gamma2 subunits using live HEK293 cells expressing alpha1/beta3/gamma2 subunit and was positive (Figure 3).
case_images: Reactivity of the patient's serum (A) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (B) with live HEK293 cells expressing human alpha1/beta3/gamma2 subunits of GABAAR.
case_images: fneur-13-954494-g0003.jpg
case_images: PMC9465088_01_fneur-13-954494-g0003.jpg
case_images: F3
case_images: Electroencephalography (EEG) demonstrated periodic epileptiform discharges in chains lasting for 2 min in the left frontal region when right arm paroxysmal clonus occurred (Figure 2A), which was nearly synchronously attenuated by intravenous midazolam (Figure 2B) A second test was performed on August 12, 2020, for antibodies in the plasma and CSF against GABAAR alpha1/beta3 and gamma2 subunits using live HEK293 cells expressing alpha1/beta3/gamma2 subunit and was positive (Figure 3).