case_images: PMC11003731_01
case_images: Case 2: fundus photography, 2017: choroidal layer thinning with visible large vessels; OCT, 2017: normal retinal layers showing no abnormalities in the ellipsoid zone and RPE.
case_images: cop-2024-0015-0001-537895_F03.jpg
case_images: PMC11003731_01_cop-2024-0015-0001-537895_F03.jpg
case_images: F3
case_images: Funduscopic examination revealed generalized moderate choroid atrophy with prominent large vessels (Fig. 3); no retinal changes were observed on OCT.
case_images: Case 2: angio-OCT, 2022: normal superficial and deep vasculature of the retina, delicate choriocapillaris atrophy with visible large vessels. OCT and FF, 2022: delicate pigment dispersion peripherally.
case_images: cop-2024-0015-0001-537895_F04.jpg
case_images: PMC11003731_01_cop-2024-0015-0001-537895_F04.jpg
case_images: F4
case_images: In 2022, OCT detected thinning of the choroidal layer with peripheral attenuation of the choriocapillaris (Fig. 4) categorizing LCHAD-associated retinopathy as stage 2.
case_images: PMC11003731_02
case_images: Case 3: fundus photography, 2015: delicate pigment dispersion peripherally, choroidal layer thinning with visible large vessels. The yellowish vertical abnormality in the left eye is a result of a light reflex that occurred during the examination.
case_images: cop-2024-0015-0001-537895_F05.jpg
case_images: PMC11003731_02_cop-2024-0015-0001-537895_F05.jpg
case_images: F5
case_images: Funduscopic examination in 2014 revealed attenuation of the choroid (Fig. 5).
case_images: Case 3: fundus autofluorescence, 2022: peripheral dispersion of the pigment with sparing of the macula. OCT, 2022: normal retinal layers showing no abnormalities in the ellipsoid zone and RPE and perifoveal thinning of the choroid layer.
case_images: cop-2024-0015-0001-537895_F06.jpg
case_images: PMC11003731_02_cop-2024-0015-0001-537895_F06.jpg
case_images: F6
case_images: Despite the metabolic crises, fundoscopy and annual OCT showed slight pigment dispersion peripherally and choroidal layer thinning (Fig. 6).