case_images: PMC11097672_01
case_images: Visualization of the heart by standard transthoracic echocardiography was optimal from the apical views allowing to display a single atrium and moderate amount of pericardial effusion.
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case_images: PMC11097672_01_fphar-15-1370263-g001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: The heart was optimally visualized from the apical views using standard transthoracic echocardiography, allowing the display of a complete lack of any atrial septal tissue, enlargement of the heart, and decreased left ventricular systolic and diastolic function (Figure 1). The apical views showed severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (Supplementary Figure S1), and the estimated PAP was 75 mmHg.
case_images: Transthoracic echocardiography showed a dilated inferior vena cava: 2.85 cm in diameter.
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case_images: F2
case_images: In this patient with chronic heart failure, dilated inferior vena cava and hepatic veins suggested chronically high intra-atrial pressure (Figures 2, 3). There were no obvious signs of increased EVLW intraoperatively (Supplementary Figure S2).
case_images: Transthoracic echocardiography showed a dilated hepatic vein.
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case_images: PMC11097672_01_fphar-15-1370263-g003.jpg
case_images: F3
case_images: In this patient with chronic heart failure, dilated inferior vena cava and hepatic veins suggested chronically high intra-atrial pressure (Figures 2, 3).
case_images: There were no obvious signs of increased extravascular lung water preoperatively. No B-line was found in preoperative and intraoperative lung ultrasonography, and only A-lines were found.
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case_images: F4
case_images: There were no obvious signs of increased EVLW (Figure 4), indicating that the current amount of fluid therapy was balanced.