case_images: PMC7238297_01
case_images: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain when the tumor was diagnosed. In
  (A) and (B), we can see the first magnetic resonance imaging that the
  patient underwent when he discovered the grade III anaplastic
  astrocytoma. In (C) and (D), we can view the perfusion magnetic
  resonance imaging with the surrounding edema and the peripheral contrast
  hypercapnia, indicating a malignant neoplasm. In (E) we can observe a
  hematoxylin and eosin staining of the first resection of the central
  nervous system lesion. Here, we can note the gemistocytic astrocyte'
  proliferation, with mild-to-moderate pleomorphism. In (F) and (G), we
  can observe the first magnetic resonance imaging the patient underwent,
  which suggests the grade III anaplastic astrocytoma had already
  progressed to a glioblastoma.
case_images: 10.1177_1758835920923432-fig1.jpg
case_images: PMC7238297_01_10.1177_1758835920923432-fig1.jpg
case_images: fig1-1758835920923432
case_images: These findings suggested an associated neoplasm in the same area where the hemorrhagic changes were found (Figure 1). Representative sections of the patient's stereotactic biopsy were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; a small area with a diffuse and rich proliferation of gemistocytic astrocytes could be observed (Figure 1E).
case_images: Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine and neck. In (A), we can
  see the magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine, wherein a
  pathologic fracture of the ninth thoracic vertebral body was diagnosed
  with spinal cord compression. The biopsy of the T9 vertebral body mass
  diagnosed glioblastoma metastasis in this vertebral body. In (B), we can
  view the magnetic resonance imaging of the neck, wherein we can observe
  an augmentation in the anterior neck tissue; the lymph node biopsy,
  together with immunohistochemistry studies, also diagnosed with
  metastasis from the glioblastoma. In (C), we can note neoplastic
  gemistocytic proliferation infiltrating the skin. In (D), the neoplastic
  cells diffuse the glial fibrillary acidic protein positivity, whereas
  (E) shows Ki-67positive cells.
case_images: 10.1177_1758835920923432-fig2.jpg
case_images: PMC7238297_01_10.1177_1758835920923432-fig2.jpg
case_images: fig2-1758835920923432
case_images: Therefore, he was asked to undergo a lymph node biopsy, which also showed glioblastoma metastasis (Figure 2). IDH-1R132H negative, and displayed a proliferation index of 8% (Ki-67) (Figure 2C-E). In addition, the diagnosis showed a grade III anaplastic astrocytoma (World Health Organization).
case_images: Characterization of glioblastoma cells isolated from the spinal cord
  metastasis. In (A) and (B), we can observe the met-GBM18 primary cells
  that were isolated from the patient in his last surgery for
  decompression, and stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein as well
  as S100beta in order to confirm their glial origins. In (C), we can view a
  cell staining for SOX-2, which is a stem cell marker demonstrating that
  this cell line has properties identical to cancer stem cells. In (D), we
  can see a cell staining for vimentin, which demonstrates that this cell
  line possesses epithelial-mesenchymal transition properties that are
  closely related to its capacity to migrate and undergo metastasis. In
  (E), we can note a cell staining for nestin, demonstrating its neural
  origin. In (F), we cannot observe any staining for HIV, as expected.. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
case_images: 10.1177_1758835920923432-fig3.jpg
case_images: PMC7238297_01_10.1177_1758835920923432-fig3.jpg
case_images: fig3-1758835920923432
case_images: Subsequently, the patient underwent a new palliative surgical procedure to decompress the spinal cord, along with the debridement of the spine canal, as a result of which we managed to isolate his cancer cells (Figure 3). When the patient underwent a palliative spine surgery for decompression 2 years after disease onset, his metastatic glioblastoma (met-GBM18) cells were isolated, established, and characterized in our laboratory (Figure 3).