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case_images: RNA-seq analysis of MM tumor and paracarcinoma tissues. (A) Volcano plot of differential mRNA expression between tumor and paracarcinoma tissues according to RNA-seq. (B) K-M curve of MM samples from the TCGA dataset. (C) The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).
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case_images: Genes with log2FC>1.5 and p<0.05 were obtained, resulting in 2323 upregulated genes and 1930 downregulated genes ( Figure 1A ). Prognostic analysis of MYBL2 in myeloma using Kaplan-Meier database plotting tools revealed a correlation with reduced survival in myeloma patients ( Figure 1B ). GSEA indicated enrichment of pathways related to cardiac muscle contraction, the cell cycle, dilated cardiomyopathy, DNA replication, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and viral myocarditis in tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissues ( Figure 1C ).
case_images: Heatmap illustrating the pathways associated with DEGs between the high- and low-risk subgroups according to GSVA.
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case_images: GSVA revealed significant upregulation of the IL-23 generation signaling pathway, which has been associated with reduced infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment and inhibitory effects on T-cell responses ( Figure 2 ).
case_images: (A) Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the MCP-counter algorithm in the R package "immunedeconv". (B) The CIBERSORT algorithm was used for immune infiltration analysis to compute the proportions of 22 immune cell types, and tables and box plots were generated. (C) The expression of TNFRSF17 and SLAMF7 according to RNA-seq. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.01. ns, not significant.
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case_images: B ). BCMA (TNFRSF17) was found to be highly expressed in tumor tissues, while CS1 (SLAMF7) showed no significant difference in expression compared to adjacent tissues ( Figure 3C ).