case_images: PMC2779296_01
case_images: Port configuration for right hand-assisted retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy. Heavy line indicates lower pararectal incision for hand insertion. AAL, Anterior axillary line; MAL, Midaxillary line; PAL, Posterior axillary line.
case_images: jkms-20-901-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC2779296_01_jkms-20-901-g001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: A 7 cm ipsilateral lower pararectal skin incision is made (Fig. 1).
case_images: Surgery for the left side. Surgeon's left hand inserted into the hand assisted incision (arrow).
case_images: jkms-20-901-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC2779296_01_jkms-20-901-g002.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: The left hand of the surgeon (in left retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy) or of the assistant (in right retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy) is inserted into the retroperitoneal space (Fig. 2).
case_images: PMC2779296_02