case_images: PMC10808555_01
case_images: Estimate of the current Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) of different disease management tools for the mitigation of the kiwifruit bacterial canker. MBCAs, Microbial Biological Control Agents; Psa, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.
case_images: fpls-14-1306420-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC10808555_01_fpls-14-1306420-g001.jpg
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case_images: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) model, which is presented in a nine-point system encompassing fundamental research (TRL1-TRL3), development and demonstration (TRL4-TRL6) and deployment of a given technology to a real environment (TRL7-TRL9).  Figure 1  depicts our view on the current technological maturity of each tool discussed above. In turn, the precision agriculture tools addressed in the current review (i.e., early disease detection tools; forecast models for Psa risk assessment) are still ongoing more precocious stages in the path to deploying effective and consistent solutions for their commercial application for KBC management, accessible to kiwifruit growers ( Figure 1 ). For instance, plant elicitors and fungal and bacterial MBCAs against Psa have already reached TRL9 (commercial application), whereas EOs and AMPs are found at lower TRLs ( Figure 1 ).