case_images: PMC5672605_01
case_images: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of diabetic hemichorea/hemiballism.
case_images: CRINM2017-2165905.001.jpg
case_images: PMC5672605_01_CRINM2017-2165905.001.jpg
case_images: fig1
case_images: A T1-weighted MRI image revealed a region of increased signal intensity restricted to the right putamen and globus pallidus, which was isointense on T2-weighted images (Figure 1). T1-weighted MRI images again revealed a high signal intensity confined to the right putamen, which was greatly attenuated compared with that seen on the initial preoperative MRI scan (Figures 1(a) and 1(c)).
case_images: Image-guided deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) for refractory diabetic HH.
case_images: CRINM2017-2165905.002.jpg
case_images: PMC5672605_01_CRINM2017-2165905.002.jpg
case_images: fig2
case_images: The Netherlands), and volumetric T1-weighted three-dimensional images, T2-weighted images, and proton density images were obtained. The images were transferred to a Framelink  planning station (version 4.1, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) so that we could determine the coordinates of the image-guided GPi target and were reformatted for extraventricular trajectory planning (Figure 2(a)). After implantation of the lead, "O-arm" intraoperative CT scan (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was performed and the images were again transferred to the Framelink  planning station and merged with the preoperative volumetric T1-weighted MR images to verify the location of the electrodes (Figure 2(b)). After the patient recovered from anesthesia, an immediate postoperative computed tomography (CT, 1 mm thick axial slices) scan was taken again for verification of the location of the lead with the preoperative T1 MR images and intraoperative O-arm images (Figure 2(c)).