case_images: PMC10726045_01
case_images: (A,B) Sagittal sonogram and sagittal color Doppler US limb of thrombosis of the left popliteal vein (LPOV).
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case_images: PMC10726045_01_fcvm-10-1298071-g001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: Our ultrasound showed left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), including a thrombus in the popliteal vein measuring approximately 43.5mm x 5.0 mm (Figure 1).
case_images: (A) Virtual Reality (VR) image of the patient's pre-intervention CTV of lower limb, with anastomosing branches seen between the iliac veins bilaterally. (B-G) Axial venous phase image, with osteophytes seen (green arrows) and the left common iliac vein (blue arrow) bypassing the abdominal aorta ventrally and traveling dorsally from between the right and left common iliac arteries, with anastomosing branches seen between the common iliac veins.
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case_images: PMC10726045_01_fcvm-10-1298071-g002.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: Computed tomography venography (CTV) revealed bilateral lower limb iliac vein lumen stenosis with paravalvular formation around and in front of the sacrum (Figure 2).
case_images: (A,B) VR images of CTV of IVC. (C,D) MPR images of the sagittal and coronal venous phases of IVC, showing DIVC in a ventral-dorsal relationship (red oval), confluent at the level of 3rd lumbar vertebra. (E) Plain scan, with normal development of the bilateral renal veins where they converge into IVC. (F-H) Images of the axial venous phase, with the inferior renal segment of the IVC divided into two ventral and dorsal branches. The left common iliac vein crosses between the bilateral common iliac arteries to join the ventral vessel, and the right common iliac vein joins the dorsal vessel.
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case_images: PMC10726045_01_fcvm-10-1298071-g003.jpg
case_images: F3
case_images: The dorsal vessel was narrowed at the level of 4th lumbar vertebrae, by the compression of the hyperplastic bone and the osteophyte (Figure 3).
case_images: DSA of left iliac vein. (A,B) Before intervention. (A) Early phase AP. (B) Late phase AP. (C,D) After intervention. (C) Early phase AP. (D) Late phase AP. Visible collateral vessels formation (blue arrow). After balloon dilatation, the visualization of collateral vessels have been more obvious.
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case_images: PMC10726045_01_fcvm-10-1298071-g004.jpg
case_images: F4
case_images: Angiography (DSA) suggested stenosis of the left common iliac vein, approximately 50%-80%. After balloon dilatation, the stenosis was improved, and the visualization of collateral vessels was significantly enhanced (Figure 4).