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case_images: Three main routes into Europe.. Source: Authors' own elaboration based on USGS National Map Viewer.
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case_images: The three routes are presented in Fig 2.
case_images: Illegal border crossings detected by Frontex (Syrians only) of three main routes.. Central Mediterranean Route (grey), Eastern Mediterranean Route by sea (orange) and Eastern Mediterranean Route by land (blue). Source:.
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case_images: Fig 3. For example, one can see that in 2014, 50% of the Syrians took the CMR.
case_images: A refugee route as a k+1-stage compound option.. Source: Author's own elaboration.
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case_images: Fig 4 represents a refugee route as a (k+1)-stage compound option.
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