case_images: PMC9234661_01
case_images: Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) in inferior vena cava (IVC). (A) Cord like tumor in IVC. (B) Tumor removed surgically. (C) Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) demonstrated a contrast agent entering the right iliac vein and IVC through vascular malformation.
case_images: fcvm-09-878386-g0001.jpg
case_images: PMC9234661_01_fcvm-09-878386-g0001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: AVF (Figure 1).
case_images: (A) Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) connecting the right internal iliac artery and internal iliac vein. (B) Shunt flow disappeared after coil embolization.
case_images: fcvm-09-878386-g0002.jpg
case_images: PMC9234661_01_fcvm-09-878386-g0002.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: Echocardiography (Figure 2) revealed enlargement of both atria and right ventricle.
case_images: (A) Ultrasound revealed congested liver. (B) Arteriovenous malformation. (C) Shunt flow entering the vein. (D) Abnormal flow stopped by the placement of embolization coils.
case_images: fcvm-09-878386-g0003.jpg
case_images: PMC9234661_01_fcvm-09-878386-g0003.jpg
case_images: F3
case_images: Pelvic AVF with high-volume shunting is obvious in angiography (Figure 3).
case_images: (A) Tumor enhanced in the arterial phase. (B) Ultrasound revealing tumor being extracted during surgery. (C) Tumor being pulled out from the IVC.
case_images: fcvm-09-878386-g0004.jpg
case_images: PMC9234661_01_fcvm-09-878386-g0004.jpg
case_images: F4
case_images: Doppler ultrasound of iliac arteries and veins, echocardiography, PET-CT, and enhanced pelvic MRI were carried out (Figure 4), showing a giant tumor with enhancement in her inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium.