case_images: PMC11822283_01
case_images: Controlling neoplastic hemorrhage from locally advanced breast cancer through transarterial embolization in a 54-year-old female.. A. Axial contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrates a significant, 12 cm infiltrative mass within the left breast, accompanied by prominent branches of the left internal thoracic artery and left subclavian arteries adjacent to the mass (white arrows). Small calcifications are present within the mass (black arrow).. B. Digital subtraction angiogram of the left internal thoracic artery in the left anterior oblique projection (20 ) shows a hypervascular blush of the left breast cancer (arrows).. C. Selective angiogram of the feeding artery from the left internal thoracic artery in a right anterior oblique projection (25 ) reveals an intense tumor blush (arrow), with embolization of the tumor feeder performed at this site.. D. Digital subtraction angiogram of the left subclavian artery in the anteroposterior projection demonstrates an extensive tumor stain supplied by multiple tumor feeders (arrows).. E, F. Selective angiograms of the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries in the right anterior oblique projection (30 ) show a hypervascular tumor blush in the left breast cancer (arrows). Embolization was performed with polyvinyl alcohol particles (350-500 microm).
case_images: jksr-86-180-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC11822283_01_jksr-86-180-g001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a large, approximately 12 cm infiltrative mass in the left breast, with prominent branches of the left internal thoracic and subclavian arteries adjacent to it (Fig. 1A). Angiography demonstrated a tumor blush with a feeding artery originating from the left internal thoracic artery (Fig. 1B). Selective catheterization of the feeding artery using a 1.9 Fr coaxial microcatheter (Progreat; Terumo) was followed by embolization with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles (PVA Foam Embolization Particles, Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) ranging from 350-500 microm (Fig. 1C). Subsequent left subclavian artery angiography revealed multiple tumor feeders supplying an extensive tumor stain (Fig. 1D). PVA particles (Fig. 1E, F). Post-embolization, blood pressure stabilized at 112/74 mmHg, and hemoglobin level increased to 10.1 g/dL.