case_images: PMC10204151_01
case_images: PMC10204151_02
case_images: Trophozoites of Plasmodium vivax in peripheral blood, using Giemsa-stained blood smear observed on an Easy Scan  Thermo Scientific automated microscope. A. Case 1 - child B. Case 2 - mother.
case_images: 1678-9849-rsbmt-56-e0598-2022-gf1.jpg
case_images: PMC10204151_02_1678-9849-rsbmt-56-e0598-2022-gf1.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: A thin blood-smear examination identified 2078.15 parasites/microL of blood, parasitemia of two crosses. (Figure 1).
case_images: 2: Cytokine storm signature in the plasma sample of a Plasmodium vivax and SARS-CoV-2 co-infected-patient (mother). (A) Heatmap showing log2 of median fluorescent intensity (MFI) levels. (B) Line plot showing log2 of MFI levels. (C) Bar plot showing log2 of fold change calculation of MFI levels of P. vivax and SARS-CoV-2 co-infected-patient (mother) vs. mean of MFI levels of the healthy donor and P. vivax-infected patient (child); the gray area represents a <10-fold change absolute value. EGF: epidermal growth factor; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TNF-a,-b: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, -beta; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
case_images: 1678-9849-rsbmt-56-e0598-2022-gf2.jpg
case_images: PMC10204151_02_1678-9849-rsbmt-56-e0598-2022-gf2.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: A cytokine storm profile was identified () (Figures 2 and 3).  Expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-1RA, MIP-1a, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, MIP-1b, IL-8, IL-1b, IP-10, IL-1a, IL-7, IL-13 were increased by  10-fold in the co-infected patient (mother) when compared with mean cytokine levels of the healthy donor and Plasmodium vivax-infected patient (child) (Figure 2); these findings are compatible with the cytokine storm signature of severe respiratory infection pathogenesis, as revealed by biological enrichment analysis using IPA software (https://digitalinsights.qiagen.com/IPA (Figure 3). 
case_images: Respiratory infection pathogenesis canonical pathway enrichment analysis in plasma sample of Plasmodium vivax and SARS-CoV-2 co-infected-patient (mother). (A) Top 5 canonical pathways with Fisher's exact test p value <0.05 and absolute Z-score >2.
case_images: 1678-9849-rsbmt-56-e0598-2022-gf3.jpg
case_images: PMC10204151_02_1678-9849-rsbmt-56-e0598-2022-gf3.jpg
case_images: f3
case_images: A cytokine storm profile was identified () (Figures 2 and 3).  Expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-1RA, MIP-1a, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, MIP-1b, IL-8, IL-1b, IP-10, IL-1a, IL-7, IL-13 were increased by  10-fold in the co-infected patient (mother) when compared with mean cytokine levels of the healthy donor and Plasmodium vivax-infected patient (child) (Figure 2); these findings are compatible with the cytokine storm signature of severe respiratory infection pathogenesis, as revealed by biological enrichment analysis using IPA software (https://digitalinsights.qiagen.com/IPA (Figure 3). 