case_images: PMC10601828_01
case_images: Magnetic resonance imaging. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted coronal image of the head demonstrates dilated veins in the posterior-lateral orbit (white arrow) and in the pterygoid muscles (black arrow).
case_images: cop-2023-0014-0001-531601_F01.jpg
case_images: PMC10601828_01_cop-2023-0014-0001-531601_F01.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an orbital varix in the posterolateral extraconal space and a pterygoid plexus varix which was associated with the known facial venous malformation in the buccal region (Fig. 1).
case_images: Cerebral angiogram. a Pre-treatment angiogram. Right internal carotid angiogram shows a venous varix at the posterior portion of the ophthalmic vein (white arrow) and a venous varix in the pterygoid plexus (black arrow). The cavernous sinus drains both through the inferior petrosal sinus and the pterygoid venous varix. b Post-treatment angiogram. Following the embolization, there is no flow of contrast through the pterygoid venous varix (black arrow). Note that the orbital varix (white arrow) remains and the venous flow drains only through the cavernous sinus and then the inferior petrosal sinus. CS: cavernous sinus. IPS: inferior petrosal sinus.
case_images: cop-2023-0014-0001-531601_F02.jpg
case_images: PMC10601828_01_cop-2023-0014-0001-531601_F02.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: Right carotid angiogram revealed a 1.2-cm venous varix at the orbital apex draining into the cavernous sinus, and a separate 3.5-cm irregularly shaped varix in the pterygoid plexus and inferior petrosal sinus (Fig. 2a). Next, a sclerosing agent, 70% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (Sotradechol), mixed with 30% contrast and Avitene powder, was injected into the near-stagnant venous varix via the microcatheter (Fig. 2b).