case_images: PMC11829660_01
case_images: (a) Chest X-ray of Case 1 showing right pleural effusion, (b) chest X-ray of Case 2 showing massive right pleural effusion, (c) CECT thorax of Case 3 showing left pleural effusion
case_images: SJA-19-98-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC11829660_03_SJA-19-98-g001.jpg
case_images: sja.sja_378_24-F1
case_images: CECT Thorax [Figure 1c] showed gross pleural effusion and patchy consolidation with air bronchogram in the left upper lobe.
case_images: PMC11829660_02
case_images: (a) Chest X-ray of Case 1 showing right pleural effusion, (b) chest X-ray of Case 2 showing massive right pleural effusion, (c) CECT thorax of Case 3 showing left pleural effusion
case_images: SJA-19-98-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC11829660_03_SJA-19-98-g001.jpg
case_images: sja.sja_378_24-F1
case_images: CECT Thorax [Figure 1c] showed gross pleural effusion and patchy consolidation with air bronchogram in the left upper lobe.
case_images: PMC11829660_03
case_images: (a) Chest X-ray of Case 1 showing right pleural effusion, (b) chest X-ray of Case 2 showing massive right pleural effusion, (c) CECT thorax of Case 3 showing left pleural effusion
case_images: SJA-19-98-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC11829660_03_SJA-19-98-g001.jpg
case_images: sja.sja_378_24-F1
case_images: CECT Thorax [Figure 1c] showed gross pleural effusion and patchy consolidation with air bronchogram in the left upper lobe.
case_images: (a) Thoracoscope in situ, (b) lung visualization, (c) thoracoscopy procedure, (d) thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia procedure at T5-T6 intervertebral space, (e) ultrasound image of erector spinae block
case_images: SJA-19-98-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC11829660_03_SJA-19-98-g002.jpg
case_images: sja.sja_378_24-F2
case_images: All three patients were scheduled to undergo thoracoscopy [Figure 2a-c]. Under strict asepsis, thoracic spinal anesthesia was performed with the patients in sitting position, using 27G Quincke Babcock needle, through paraspinous approach at T5-T6 intervertebral space [Figure 2d] with 1 ml of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine and 25 mcg Fentanyl. Probe was moved until the erector spinae muscle and transverse process were visualized [Figure 2e].