case_images: PMC9853439_01
case_images: The HE and immunohistochemistry staining of bladder tissue in case 1. (A) showed effacement of the bladder urothelium (orange arrow), hyperplastic granulation tissue (blue arrow). (B) showed infiltration of monocytes, lymphocytes, plasmacytes (blue arrow), and neutrophils in the bladder tissue (orange arrow). (C) showed infiltration of CD3-positive lymphocytes in the bladder tissue (positive staining is brown). (D) showed positive infiltration of CD20-positive lymphocytes in the bladder tissue (positive staining is brown). (E) showed positive infiltration of CD117-positive mast cells in the bladder tissue (positive staining is brown). (F) showed that programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) staining is negative in the bladder tissue. HE, hematoxylin-eosin.
case_images: fimmu-13-1051577-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC9853439_01_fimmu-13-1051577-g001.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: TIA-1, and PD-L1 in focal lesions ( Figures 1A-F ). The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of urine and ureter-bladder tissues was negative.
case_images: The images of the three cases. (A-C) showed hydronephrosis, dilation of the ureters, and a thickened bladder wall in case 1. (D, E) showed hydronephrosis and dilation of the ureter on the left in case 2. (F, G) showed dilation of the ureters and a thickened ureter wall in case 3.
case_images: fimmu-13-1051577-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC9853439_03_fimmu-13-1051577-g002.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Urinary ultrasonography and CT showed mild hydronephrosis, dilated ureters, and thickened bladder wall ( Figures 2F, G ).
case_images: The timeline of the treatment course of case 1.
case_images: fimmu-13-1051577-g003.jpg
case_images: PMC9853439_01_fimmu-13-1051577-g003.jpg
case_images: f3
case_images: The timeline of the treatment course was summarized in  Figure 3 .
case_images: PMC9853439_02
case_images: The images of the three cases. (A-C) showed hydronephrosis, dilation of the ureters, and a thickened bladder wall in case 1. (D, E) showed hydronephrosis and dilation of the ureter on the left in case 2. (F, G) showed dilation of the ureters and a thickened ureter wall in case 3.
case_images: fimmu-13-1051577-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC9853439_03_fimmu-13-1051577-g002.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Urinary ultrasonography and CT showed mild hydronephrosis, dilated ureters, and thickened bladder wall ( Figures 2F, G ).
case_images: The timeline of the treatment course of case 2.
case_images: fimmu-13-1051577-g004.jpg
case_images: PMC9853439_02_fimmu-13-1051577-g004.jpg
case_images: f4
case_images: The timeline of the treatment course was summarized in  Figure 4 .
case_images: PMC9853439_03
case_images: The images of the three cases. (A-C) showed hydronephrosis, dilation of the ureters, and a thickened bladder wall in case 1. (D, E) showed hydronephrosis and dilation of the ureter on the left in case 2. (F, G) showed dilation of the ureters and a thickened ureter wall in case 3.
case_images: fimmu-13-1051577-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC9853439_03_fimmu-13-1051577-g002.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Urinary ultrasonography and CT showed mild hydronephrosis, dilated ureters, and thickened bladder wall ( Figures 2F, G ).
case_images: The timeline of the treatment course of case 3.
case_images: fimmu-13-1051577-g005.jpg
case_images: PMC9853439_03_fimmu-13-1051577-g005.jpg
case_images: f5
case_images: The timeline of the treatment course was summarized in  Figure 5 .