case_images: PMC11094258_01
case_images: (A) Fetal echocardiogram apical four-chamber view (left) and right ventricular outflow tract view (right) showing severe pulmonary stenosis and massive tricuspid regurgitation. (B) Transthoracic echocardiogram apical four-chamber view (left and right) and short-axis view (middle) showing mild hypoplasia of RV, pulmonary atresia and patent ductus arteriosus, no serious abnormality of TV, and mild tricuspid regurgitation. (C) Right ventriculography (left) showing mild hypoplasia of RV and pulmonary valvular atresia. Lateral right ventriculography (middle) showing guide wire creating an arteriovenous wire loop. Anterior chest fluoroscopy (right) showing percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. (D) Transthoracic echocardiogram short-axis view (left) and apical four-chamber view (right) showing ductus arteriosus supply pulmonary blood flow, no antegrade blood flow across the pulmonary valve, and mild tricuspid regurgitation. LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; PV, pulmonary valve.
case_images: fped-12-1251274-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC11094258_01_fped-12-1251274-g001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: Fetal echocardiography indicated severe pulmonary stenosis with IVS and moderate TR with a jet velocity of 4.7 m/s (Figure 1A). A bedside echocardiogram was immediately conducted on the infant, which showed the small RV cavity (Figure 1B); the foramen ovale measured 6.4 mm and the pulmonary valve annulus measured 7.6 mm. The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) measured 4.3 mm and supplied the pulmonary circulation (Figure 1B). TV-Z score of -1.13, with a slight amount of blood flow in diastole and mild regurgitation in systole, and no severe abnormalities observed (Figure 1B).