case_images: PMC11106409_01
case_images: Brain CT scan at diagnosis, August 2016 [(A): axial, (B): coronal, (C): sagittal].
case_images: fonc-14-1359093-g001.jpg
case_images: PMC11106409_01_fonc-14-1359093-g001.jpg
case_images: f1
case_images: IRCCS in Florence for recurrent episodes. Imaging revealed a left frontal lesion ( Figure 1 ).
case_images: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, CNS WHO grade 3, lesion composed of pleomorphic cells (A) and oligodendrocyte-like cells (C). Perivascular lymphocyte cuffing and granular bodies are present (A) as well as necrosis [(B), arrow] and mitoses [(C, D), arrows]. Hematoxylin and eosin stain (A-D); Original magnification: a-b 10 X, c 40 X, d 20 X.
case_images: fonc-14-1359093-g002.jpg
case_images: PMC11106409_01_fonc-14-1359093-g002.jpg
case_images: f2
case_images: Mitoses (more than 5 X 10 HPF) and necrosis were seen ( Figure 2 ).
case_images: Axial T1 contrast-enhanced brain MRI [(A): after first line therapy, January 2017; (B): at first progression, October 2017; (C): at second progression, presurgical, December 2018; (D): complete response during target therapy, December 2021; (E): persistence complete response one month after target therapy interruption, January 2024].
case_images: fonc-14-1359093-g003.jpg
case_images: PMC11106409_02_fonc-14-1359093-g003.jpg
case_images: f3
case_images: In January 2019 (7 months after the end of second line treatment) a cranial MRI showed progression of disease (second progression,  Figure 3C ) and another neurosurgical partial resection with carmustine wafers implantation was performed. Since December 2021 the residual tumor has not been longer visible ( Figure 3D ). Last MRI, performed on January 29th, 2024 (one month after drug cessation, 5 years after second progression) revealed persistent complete response ( Figure 3E ).
case_images: PMC11106409_02
case_images: Axial T1 contrast-enhanced brain MRI [(A): after first line therapy, January 2017; (B): at first progression, October 2017; (C): at second progression, presurgical, December 2018; (D): complete response during target therapy, December 2021; (E): persistence complete response one month after target therapy interruption, January 2024].
case_images: fonc-14-1359093-g003.jpg
case_images: PMC11106409_02_fonc-14-1359093-g003.jpg
case_images: f3
case_images: In January 2019 (7 months after the end of second line treatment) a cranial MRI showed progression of disease (second progression,  Figure 3C ) and another neurosurgical partial resection with carmustine wafers implantation was performed. Since December 2021 the residual tumor has not been longer visible ( Figure 3D ). Last MRI, performed on January 29th, 2024 (one month after drug cessation, 5 years after second progression) revealed persistent complete response ( Figure 3E ).