case_images: PMC10756897_01
case_images: Clinical examination and Intraoral examination (A-F). Irregular pink to purplish flat-topped papules and plaques with hyperpigmentation on the palms and dorsum of the hands and soles of the feet (G-L). Symmetrical papular white streaks with mild erosions and congestion on the oral mucosa and the inside of the upper and lower lips, and reticular white streaks consistent with Wickham's streaks could be seen on the ventral part of the tongue and lips bilaterally.
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case_images: PMC10756897_01_fphar-14-1276788-g001.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: Clinical examination exposed irregular pink to purplish flat-topped papules and plaques with hyperpigmentation on the palms, dorsum of the hands, and soles of the feet (Figures 1A-F). Reticular white streaks, consistent with Wickham's streaks, were observed on the ventral part of the tongue and lips bilaterally (Figures 1G-L).
case_images: Histopathological examination of buccal mucosa (A). Original magnification at x10 Chronic inflammation; hyperkeratosis of epithelial surface layer; vacuolar degeneration and liquefaction degeneration of some basal cells; capillary proliferation and expansion of lamina propria, more eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells infiltration; proliferation and degeneration of fibrous tissue (B). Original magnification at x20. This panel highlights vacuolar and liquefaction degeneration of select basal cells, indicated by blue arrows. (C) Original magnification at x40. The panel features extensive infiltration by eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Yellow arrow points to epithelial hyperkeratosis; the green arrow denotes eosinophils; the black arrow indicates neutrophils; the orange arrow designates lymphocytes; and the red arrow identifies plasma cells.
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case_images: PMC10756897_01_fphar-14-1276788-g002.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: The multiplex immunofluorescence staining (A-C). The antigen distribution pattern observed in OLR. (D-F). The antigen distribution pattern observed in OLP. (G,H) Ten areas of equal size were randomly selected from each of the three groups for statistical analysis, including focal infiltration of inflammatory cells in OLR, scattered infiltration of inflammatory cells in OLR and OLP. (G): Comparison of the area% of PD-1 fluorescence-positive expression in OLR and OLP, p < 0.001. (H): Comparison of the integrated density of PD-1 fluorescence-positive expression in OLR and OLP, p <0.001 Note: (A-F) Staining using Luminlris  HyperView multiplex immunostaining kit (IRISKit MH010101). Primary antibodies were mouse anti-PD-1(ZSGB-BIO, ZM-0381), mouse anti-CD8(Immunoway, YM6938), and rabbit anti-CD4(HUABIO, ET1609-52).
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case_images: F3
case_images: This was achieved utilizing the Luminlris  HyperView multiplex immunostaining kit (IRISKit MH010101), as shown in Figures 3A-F. Notably, PD-1 expression in the patchy area of inflammatory cells was higher than that in oral lichen planus lesions, while its expression in scattered areas showed no significant differences (Figures 3G, H).