case_images: PMC11788788_01
case_images: Chest computed tomography (CT) images of all cases and the airway models created.. (A and B) Chest CT images of Case 1, showing malignant airway stenosis of the trachea due to metastatic lymph node infiltration from the membranous side of the trachea. (C) A slit was made in the airway model of Case 1, the trimmed stent was inserted, and a simulation was performed. (D and E) CT images of Case 2, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the membranous side of the trachea and malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (F) An image of the airway model of Case 2 observed from the right dorsal side. The relationship between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow), the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow), and the right upper lobe branch (blue arrow) can be understood. (G and H) CT images of Case 3, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the left side of the membranous part of the trachea and severe malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (I) An image of the airway model of Case 3 observed from the right dorsal side. The distance between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow) and the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow) is easy to understand. (J and K) CT images of Case 4, showing extensive malignant airway stenosis from the right main bronchus to the right upper lobe. (L) The airway model of Case 4 is depicted with a slight opening in the right main bronchus (red arrow); however, the right upper lobe branch is not depicted owing to occlusion (red dashed arrow). (M and N) Chest CT images of Case 5, showing malignant airway stenosis in the right main bronchus. (O) The actual airway model of Case 5 has a discontinuity (red arrow) because the right main bronchus cannot be depicted owing to the malignant airway stenosis. (All yellow arrows indicate tumors that could potentially cause malignant airway stenosis.)
case_images: gr3.jpg
case_images: PMC11788788_05_gr3.jpg
case_images: fig3
case_images: Chest CT revealed mediastinal lymph node enlargement at the tracheal bifurcation and airway narrowing due to invasion of the right bronchus (Fig. 3M and N). The tumor was resected as much as possible, the right main bronchus was fully opened, and the right leg of the stent was placed to open toward the right upper lobe branch, with reference to the airway model (Fig. 3O).
case_images: PMC11788788_02
case_images: Chest computed tomography (CT) images of all cases and the airway models created.. (A and B) Chest CT images of Case 1, showing malignant airway stenosis of the trachea due to metastatic lymph node infiltration from the membranous side of the trachea. (C) A slit was made in the airway model of Case 1, the trimmed stent was inserted, and a simulation was performed. (D and E) CT images of Case 2, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the membranous side of the trachea and malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (F) An image of the airway model of Case 2 observed from the right dorsal side. The relationship between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow), the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow), and the right upper lobe branch (blue arrow) can be understood. (G and H) CT images of Case 3, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the left side of the membranous part of the trachea and severe malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (I) An image of the airway model of Case 3 observed from the right dorsal side. The distance between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow) and the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow) is easy to understand. (J and K) CT images of Case 4, showing extensive malignant airway stenosis from the right main bronchus to the right upper lobe. (L) The airway model of Case 4 is depicted with a slight opening in the right main bronchus (red arrow); however, the right upper lobe branch is not depicted owing to occlusion (red dashed arrow). (M and N) Chest CT images of Case 5, showing malignant airway stenosis in the right main bronchus. (O) The actual airway model of Case 5 has a discontinuity (red arrow) because the right main bronchus cannot be depicted owing to the malignant airway stenosis. (All yellow arrows indicate tumors that could potentially cause malignant airway stenosis.)
case_images: gr3.jpg
case_images: PMC11788788_05_gr3.jpg
case_images: fig3
case_images: Chest CT revealed mediastinal lymph node enlargement at the tracheal bifurcation and airway narrowing due to invasion of the right bronchus (Fig. 3M and N). The tumor was resected as much as possible, the right main bronchus was fully opened, and the right leg of the stent was placed to open toward the right upper lobe branch, with reference to the airway model (Fig. 3O).
case_images: PMC11788788_03
case_images: Chest computed tomography (CT) images of all cases and the airway models created.. (A and B) Chest CT images of Case 1, showing malignant airway stenosis of the trachea due to metastatic lymph node infiltration from the membranous side of the trachea. (C) A slit was made in the airway model of Case 1, the trimmed stent was inserted, and a simulation was performed. (D and E) CT images of Case 2, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the membranous side of the trachea and malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (F) An image of the airway model of Case 2 observed from the right dorsal side. The relationship between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow), the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow), and the right upper lobe branch (blue arrow) can be understood. (G and H) CT images of Case 3, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the left side of the membranous part of the trachea and severe malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (I) An image of the airway model of Case 3 observed from the right dorsal side. The distance between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow) and the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow) is easy to understand. (J and K) CT images of Case 4, showing extensive malignant airway stenosis from the right main bronchus to the right upper lobe. (L) The airway model of Case 4 is depicted with a slight opening in the right main bronchus (red arrow); however, the right upper lobe branch is not depicted owing to occlusion (red dashed arrow). (M and N) Chest CT images of Case 5, showing malignant airway stenosis in the right main bronchus. (O) The actual airway model of Case 5 has a discontinuity (red arrow) because the right main bronchus cannot be depicted owing to the malignant airway stenosis. (All yellow arrows indicate tumors that could potentially cause malignant airway stenosis.)
case_images: gr3.jpg
case_images: PMC11788788_05_gr3.jpg
case_images: fig3
case_images: Chest CT revealed mediastinal lymph node enlargement at the tracheal bifurcation and airway narrowing due to invasion of the right bronchus (Fig. 3M and N). The tumor was resected as much as possible, the right main bronchus was fully opened, and the right leg of the stent was placed to open toward the right upper lobe branch, with reference to the airway model (Fig. 3O).
case_images: PMC11788788_04
case_images: Chest computed tomography (CT) images of all cases and the airway models created.. (A and B) Chest CT images of Case 1, showing malignant airway stenosis of the trachea due to metastatic lymph node infiltration from the membranous side of the trachea. (C) A slit was made in the airway model of Case 1, the trimmed stent was inserted, and a simulation was performed. (D and E) CT images of Case 2, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the membranous side of the trachea and malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (F) An image of the airway model of Case 2 observed from the right dorsal side. The relationship between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow), the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow), and the right upper lobe branch (blue arrow) can be understood. (G and H) CT images of Case 3, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the left side of the membranous part of the trachea and severe malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (I) An image of the airway model of Case 3 observed from the right dorsal side. The distance between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow) and the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow) is easy to understand. (J and K) CT images of Case 4, showing extensive malignant airway stenosis from the right main bronchus to the right upper lobe. (L) The airway model of Case 4 is depicted with a slight opening in the right main bronchus (red arrow); however, the right upper lobe branch is not depicted owing to occlusion (red dashed arrow). (M and N) Chest CT images of Case 5, showing malignant airway stenosis in the right main bronchus. (O) The actual airway model of Case 5 has a discontinuity (red arrow) because the right main bronchus cannot be depicted owing to the malignant airway stenosis. (All yellow arrows indicate tumors that could potentially cause malignant airway stenosis.)
case_images: gr3.jpg
case_images: PMC11788788_05_gr3.jpg
case_images: fig3
case_images: Chest CT revealed mediastinal lymph node enlargement at the tracheal bifurcation and airway narrowing due to invasion of the right bronchus (Fig. 3M and N). The tumor was resected as much as possible, the right main bronchus was fully opened, and the right leg of the stent was placed to open toward the right upper lobe branch, with reference to the airway model (Fig. 3O).
case_images: PMC11788788_05
case_images: Chest computed tomography (CT) images of all cases and the airway models created.. (A and B) Chest CT images of Case 1, showing malignant airway stenosis of the trachea due to metastatic lymph node infiltration from the membranous side of the trachea. (C) A slit was made in the airway model of Case 1, the trimmed stent was inserted, and a simulation was performed. (D and E) CT images of Case 2, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the membranous side of the trachea and malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (F) An image of the airway model of Case 2 observed from the right dorsal side. The relationship between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow), the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow), and the right upper lobe branch (blue arrow) can be understood. (G and H) CT images of Case 3, showing esophageal cancer invasion from the left side of the membranous part of the trachea and severe malignant airway stenosis of the trachea. (I) An image of the airway model of Case 3 observed from the right dorsal side. The distance between the tracheal bifurcation (black arrow) and the stenosis caused by the tumor (red arrow) is easy to understand. (J and K) CT images of Case 4, showing extensive malignant airway stenosis from the right main bronchus to the right upper lobe. (L) The airway model of Case 4 is depicted with a slight opening in the right main bronchus (red arrow); however, the right upper lobe branch is not depicted owing to occlusion (red dashed arrow). (M and N) Chest CT images of Case 5, showing malignant airway stenosis in the right main bronchus. (O) The actual airway model of Case 5 has a discontinuity (red arrow) because the right main bronchus cannot be depicted owing to the malignant airway stenosis. (All yellow arrows indicate tumors that could potentially cause malignant airway stenosis.)
case_images: gr3.jpg
case_images: PMC11788788_05_gr3.jpg
case_images: fig3
case_images: Chest CT revealed mediastinal lymph node enlargement at the tracheal bifurcation and airway narrowing due to invasion of the right bronchus (Fig. 3M and N). The tumor was resected as much as possible, the right main bronchus was fully opened, and the right leg of the stent was placed to open toward the right upper lobe branch, with reference to the airway model (Fig. 3O).