case_images: PMC8020459_01
case_images: Preoperative long-standing anteroposterior radiograph of the lower extremity.
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case_images: A long-standing anteroposterior radiograph confirmed 16  of genu valgum deformity with the mechanical axis passing through her lateral tibial plateau (Figures 1 and 2).
case_images: Preoperative lateral radiograph of the right knee.
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case_images: A long-standing anteroposterior radiograph confirmed 16  of genu valgum deformity with the mechanical axis passing through her lateral tibial plateau (Figures 1 and 2).
case_images: Patellar dislocation on preoperative CT scan.
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case_images: A CT scan evaluation revealed a narrow medullary cavity of the distal femur as well as patellar dislocation and severe osteoarthritis of the knee with complete loss of the lateral compartment joint space (Figure 3).
case_images: Intraoperative photography showing the patella located on the lateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle (medial border of patella was marked with two stitches).
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case_images: The patella was palpable on the lateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle (Figure 4).
case_images: Intraoperative photography showing the patella centrally placed in the groove of the femoral component.
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case_images: The definitive components were cemented (Figure 5).
case_images: Diagrammatic representation of the soft tissue release performed to correct congenital dislocation of the patella. (A) Step 1 - Vertical limb of the medial incision (solid red line) made along the medial edge of the patellar tendon to the tibial tubercle; Step 2 - Horizontal limb of the medial incision (dashed red line) taken along the inferior margin of the vastus medialis; Step 3 - Blunt dissection of the vastus medialis from the medial intermuscular septum (dotted red line) approximately 10 cm proximal to the adductor tubercle; Step 4 - Lateral release of the patellar retinaculum (dashed blue line) performed from inside the knee joint staying lateral to the vastus lateralis; Step 5 - Release of the vastus lateralis (solid blue line) from the lateral intermuscular septum and anterior femur by submuscular dissection. Schematic diagram of the extensor mechanism realignment. (B) Step 1 - Temporary fixation of the medial retinaculum flap brought laterally and fixed to the superolateral aspect of the patella; Step 2 - Evaluation of the patellar tracking; Step 3 - Resection of the redundant pouch of the medial retinaculum flap pulled over the patellar tendon; Step 4 - Distal medial repair with the suture of the medial capsule and the patellar ligament in a secure manner; Step 5 - Suture of the proximal part of the medial retinaculum flap (pulled over the anterior aspect of the patella) to the extensor apparatus; Step 6 - The medial capsular suture completed proximally.
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case_images: Schematic diagrams present a step-by-step description of the surgical technique (Figure 6A and B).
case_images: Postoperative radiograph of the right knee: (A) anteroposterior and (B) lateral.
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case_images: Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were obtained, the patella was clearly seen on the lateral view (Figure 7A and B).