case_images: PMC10622658_01
case_images: PMC10622658_02
case_images: PMC10622658_03
case_images: Estimates of the Cox model's probability of not developing breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma for patients who had breast implant replacement and patients who did not have any (age taken at the average value for both groups).
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case_images: However, patients having at least an implant replacement showed 50.0% probability of developing BI-ALCL in 12 years (95%CI: 10.0-15), while patients who did not have implant replacement had a similar probability in a significantly shorter time of 8 years (95%CI: 7.0-9.8) ( Figure 2 ).
case_images: Estimates of the probability of survival after therapy by Kaplan-Meier survival curves of breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma patients with and without implant replacement: (A) with seroma clinical presentation, undergoing surgery only (implant removal and total capsulectomy) and (B) with a tumor mass or lymph node involvement and who, in addition to surgery (implant removal and total capsulectomy), were treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
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case_images: Due to the lack of homogeneity in the staging system, we used the type of clinical presentation (seroma versus tumor mass and/or lymphadenopathy) and the type of treatment (implant removal with total capsulectomy versus surgery followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) as a proxy of the tumor stage to compare the probability of survival for BIA-ALCL patients who received implant replacement with respect to those who did not ( Figure 3 ). The probability of a disease-free treatment outcome in BIA-ALCL patients with seroma clinical presentation, who underwent surgery only (implant removal and total capsulectomy; 45 cases), resulted significantly higher (p-value: 0.01) in patients who had an implant replacement in the past than in patients who did not have one ( Figure 3A ). The Kaplan-Meier curves were not significantly different (p-value: 0.2) in BIA-ALCL patients with a more invasive tumor, who underwent surgery in association with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy (54 cases, 12 of which were lost to follow-up), according to a previous implant replacement ( Figure 3B ).