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case_images: Preoperative imaging data. A-C: MRI shows a massive space occupying lesion in the right kidney (about 89*97*74 mm) with tumor thrombus formation in the IVC and bilateral renal veins. D-F: Well-developed collateral circulation, including three lumbar and vertebral veins, with venous drainage through the azygous and hemiazygos veins.
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case_images: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a space-occupying lesion in the right kidney (approximately 89 x 97 x 74 mm) with tumor thrombus formation in the IVC and bilateral renal veins, accompanied by the formation of collateral circulation (Figure 1).
case_images: IVC Surgical procedure of IVC resection combined with left renal vein ligation. A: Ligation of the right renal artery B: Ligation of the distal IVC C: Ligation of the left renal vein D: Ligation of the proximal IVC E: Tumor thrombus and thrombosis F: IVC resection without reconstruction.
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case_images: The right kidney and adrenal gland were completely excised (Figure 2).
case_images: Changes in postoperative indexes. A: Changes in serum creatinine and hemodialysis treatment B: Changes in liver enzymes.
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case_images: Following the surgery, liver and kidney function were continuously monitored (Figure 3).