case_images: PMC10829934_01
case_images: Location of municipalities in the State of Tocantins, Brazil, with cases of bovine herpesvirus meningoencephalitis. (A) Campos Lindos, (B) Araguana and (C) Araguaina. Images adapted from Wikimedia Commons. Licenses for Map of Brazil CC-BY-SA-3.0 (TUBS -) and Map of the State of Tocantins CC-BY-2.5 (Milenioscuro -).
case_images: bjvm-46-e004023-g01.jpg
case_images: PMC10829934_01_bjvm-46-e004023-g01.jpg
case_images: gf01
case_images: Araguana (case 2, April 2022), and Araguaina (case 3, October 2013), TO, Brazil, which are all located in the northern region of the state (Figure 1). Aberdeen Angus animals (case 1) and crossbreeds (cases 2 and 3) raised semi-intensively and extensively, respectively were also affected.
case_images: PMC10829934_02
case_images: PMC10829934_03
case_images: Anatomopathological evaluation of bovine herpesvirus meningoencephalitis in the State of Tocantins. Macroscopic aspect of the brains of animals 1 (A) and 2 (B), showing hyperemia and foci of hemorrhage in the leptomeninges. (C) Intense lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate with perivascular cuff formation, glial nodules, and neuronal necrosis in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex (animal 1; scale bar 100 mum). Areas of leptomeningeal (D, animal 2; scale bar 100 mum) and parenchymal (E, animal 1; scale bar 50 mum) hemorrhages in the cerebral cortex. (F) Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion body in a neuron (animal 1; scale bar 20 mum).
case_images: bjvm-46-e004023-g02.jpg
case_images: PMC10829934_03_bjvm-46-e004023-g02.jpg
case_images: gf02
case_images: Macroscopically, the brains of animals 1 and 2 showed hyperemia and scattered hemorrhagic foci in the leptomeninges (Figure 2A), which were more prominent in bovine 2 (Figure 2B), which also showed diffuse and bilateral pulmonary congestion. Diffuse and accentuated leptomeningeal lymphocytic infiltrates (Figure 2C) and foci of leptomeningeal and parenchymal hemorrhages were also observed in these areas (Figure 2D and 2E), with cortical intercellular edema and status spongiosus in the white matter, which was significant in animal 2. Multifocally throughout the neuropil and adjacent neuroparenchyma, the blood vessels showed prominent endothelial cells exhibiting perivascular spaces with cuffs (up to eight cells thick) of lymphocytes, few plasma cells, and rare neutrophils (Figure 2C), which extended to the leptomeningeal vessels. Few neurons and occasional astrocytes contained eosinophilic intranuclear viral inclusions (Figure 2F), sometimes pushing chromatin peripherally.