case_images: PMC11736058_01
case_images: Pre-treatment EEG power spectra showing irregular cortical activity. This figure illustrates maps of EEG power spectra for different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) during an eyes-closed session. Elevated delta and theta activity, coupled with reduced beta and gamma activity, highlight widespread cortical dysregulation associated with the patient's cognitive slowing, motor impairments, and persistent dizziness.
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case_images: PMC11736058_01_cureus-0017-00000077518-i01.jpg
case_images: FIG1
case_images: Pre-treatment Independent Component Analysis (ICA) indicating neural desynchronization. The analysis reveals heightened neural activity localized to medial frontal regions, as marked by the red dot in the source localization map. This dysregulation affects key areas, including Brodmann areas 6, 24, and 32, associated with motor planning, attention control, and emotional regulation. The spectrogram and frequency spectrum demonstrate dominant low-frequency activity, correlating with the patient's motor and attentional impairments.
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case_images: PMC11736058_01_cureus-0017-00000077518-i02.jpg
case_images: FIG2
case_images: Pre-treatment sLORETA mapping highlighting regions of heightened neural activity. Warmer colors (red and yellow) indicate areas of increased cortical activation, particularly in the frontal and prefrontal regions. These areas, critical for motor control, attention, and executive functions, are implicated in the patient's motor deficits, tremors, and slowed cognitive processing.
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case_images: PMC11736058_01_cureus-0017-00000077518-i03.jpg
case_images: FIG3
case_images: Figure 3 depicts significant activation in the frontal and prefrontal regions, which are areas typically associated with motor control, attention, and executive functions.
case_images: Post-treatment EEG power spectra demonstrating normalized cortical activity. This figure displays the distribution of brainwave frequencies across different regions of the brain. Notable changes include: Delta (slow waves): These are prominently visible at Cz (a central scalp region in EEG recordings), indicating enhanced coordination in deep brain structures, which is typically associated with restorative processes and baseline brain function. Theta waves: Also observed at Cz, these frequencies are linked to improved memory processing and cognitive focus. Alpha waves (moderate-speed waves): Enhanced activity in the central and posterior brain areas suggests improved relaxation and attention. Alpha activity reflects a balance between relaxation and alertness, important for overall cognitive efficiency. Gamma waves (fastest waves): A slight increase in gamma activity points to improved cognitive processing, such as problem-solving and attention. These changes collectively indicate improved synchronization of brain regions, leading to better communication between them. This neurophysiological improvement aligns with the patient's clinical recovery, as normalization of these brainwave patterns is often associated with enhanced cognitive, emotional, and motor function.
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case_images: FIG4
case_images: The follow-up EEG corroborated these findings, revealing a marked normalization of frequency peaks and enhanced cortical activity, suggesting successful neuromodulation (Figures 4-6).
case_images: Post-treatment independent component analysis (ICA) illustrating improved neural synchronization. The post-treatment ICA highlights more centralized activity with reduced variance in frontal regions, as represented by a shift in frequency peaks and decreased dominance of low-frequency activity. Relevant Brodmann areas (6, 24, 4, 3 and 31) show improved functionality, correlating with enhanced motor planning, emotional regulation, and sensorimotor integration.
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case_images: PMC11736058_01_cureus-0017-00000077518-i05.jpg
case_images: FIG5
case_images: The follow-up EEG corroborated these findings, revealing a marked normalization of frequency peaks and enhanced cortical activity, suggesting successful neuromodulation (Figures 4-6).
case_images: Post-treatment standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) mapping showing enhanced brain activity and connectivity. This post-treatment sLORETA map depicts a reduction in hyperactivity in the frontal and prefrontal regions, with fewer red and yellow areas. The normalized activity patterns reflect improved cortical synchronization, contributing to the patient's restored motor functions, reduced tremors, and cognitive clarity.
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case_images: PMC11736058_01_cureus-0017-00000077518-i06.jpg
case_images: FIG6
case_images: The follow-up EEG corroborated these findings, revealing a marked normalization of frequency peaks and enhanced cortical activity, suggesting successful neuromodulation (Figures 4-6).