case_images: PMC4386116_01
case_images: Enlargement and aneurysmal dilatation of the venous system of the left forearm.
case_images: cnd-0005-0071-g01.jpg
case_images: PMC4386116_01_cnd-0005-0071-g01.jpg
case_images: F1
case_images: After 10 times of buttonhole cannulation, the patient experienced gradual edema on the left forearm as well as insufficient blood flow of the fistula [fig. 1].
case_images: Abnormal fistulae were detected by vascular ultrasound between the matured cephalic vein and the radial vein where blood shunt existed.
case_images: cnd-0005-0071-g02.jpg
case_images: PMC4386116_01_cnd-0005-0071-g02.jpg
case_images: F2
case_images: This was further confirmed by a vascular ultrasound of the AVF, revealing abnormal fistula between the mature cephalic vein and the radial vein [fig. 2] where blood shunt existed, together with thrombus in the proximal cephalic vein and aneurysmal dilatation in the distal segment [fig. 3] that developed 3 years ago.