Remarks: Re-evaluation of the original description and examination of the type material (NSMT Mo-58234; Habe 1981) of Scaphander takedai (Habe 1981) (original designation Nipponoscaphander takedai Habe, 1981) showed that it has an ovate shell with a thick tuberculate callus (Fig. 38A). Tis is a synapomorphy of the genus Sabatia (Siegwald et al. 2022), and therefore the species is here reassigned to the later genus.
Scaphander bushirensis (Melvill & Standen, 1901) [original designation Cylichna bushirensis Melvill & Standen, 1901]
Remarks: Tis species was described from the Persian Gulf under the genus Cslichna (Melvill & Standen 1901) and was reassigned to the genus Scaphander by one of its authors (Melvill 1906). Te name Scaphander boshirensis (Melvill & Standen, 1901) was subsequently used on a few occasions (e.g. Brouwer et al. 2000, Al-Kayat et al. 2021) and is today the accepted name for this species (MolluscaBase 2022b). Despite the small size of the shell (H ≈ 9 mm), it is well formed and seems to be an adult. Its robustness, presence of deep spiral striae all over the shell, smooth, thick columella, convex lateral sides, and slight pyriform shape could point to Scaphander, but during the present study we did not find any material resembling this shell among worldwide collections from this geographical area, and no adult Scaphander species of such small size are known. We maintain here this species in the genus Scaphander, but this taxonomic affiliation warrants caution and future confirmation (Fig. 38B).