The Role of International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) in protecting and promoting the International Humanitarian Law: A Critical Review.

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) plays a crucial role in protecting and promoting International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Established in 1863, the ICRC is an independent, neutral, and humanitarian organization that provides aid to victims of armed conflicts and violence. Through the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols, the ICRC upholds humanitarian principles such as neutrality, impartiality, and independence while ensuring the protection of combatants, civilians, and detainees. This paper critically examines the structure, principles, and functions of the ICRC, emphasizing its role in conflict situations, enforcement of humanitarian law, and collaboration with international organizations. The study also highlights the challenges faced by the ICRC in implementing IHL and proposes ways to enhance its effectiveness in the contemporary global landscape.