This README file was generated on 2024-12-03 (YYYY-MM-DD) by Fábio L. Matos. Last updated: 2025-02-27. ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- // Title of Dataset: Spatial layers of endogenous and exogenous (due to climate change) pressures impacting the deep-sea floor (>200 meters) within Portugal's mainland Exclusive Economic Zone // DOI: See information generated by the repository // Contributors: Fábio L. Matos Institution: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro Email: fmatos@ua.pt ORCID: 0000-0002-5447-4055 Ana Hilário Institution: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro Email: ahilario@ua.pt ORCID: 0000-0001-8287-1528 Heliana Teixeira Institution: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro Email: heliana.teixeira@ua.pt ORCID: 0000-0001-8525-9967 // Contact Information Name: Fábio L. Matos Email: fmatos@ua.pt // Data Type: Gridded/Raster Projection: ETRS89-extended / LAEA Europe (https://epsg.io/3035) Spatial extent (Minimum Longitude, Maximum Longitude , Minimum Latitude, Maximum Latitude): 2156350, 2780350, 1558787, 2332787 Spatial resolution (meters): 3000 Temporal coverage: See the layer-specific metadata below Temporal resolution: See the layer-specific metadata below File format: GeoTiff // Date of Collection: See the layer-specific metadata below // Funding sources: GES4SEAS (Achieving Good Environmental Status FOR maintaining ecosystem SErvices, by ASsessing integrated impacts of cumulative pressures) project, funded by the European Union under the Horizon Europe Programme (grant agreement no. 101059877, www.ges4seas.eu; doi: 10.3030/101059877) and the BioProtect (Advancing area-based management tools to accelerate the protection and restoration of marine biodiversity across the European sea basins) project, funded by the European Union under Horizon Europe Programme (grant agreement no.101157341, www.bioprotect-project.eu; doi: 10.3030/101157341). Heliana Teixeira thanks FCT Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. support through reference 2022.08095.CEECIND/CP1720/CT0017 . FLM, AH and HT also thanks to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020) through national funds. // Description of dataset: This dataset is composed of 14 Geotiff raster files (.tif) representing endogenic and exogenic pressures (due to climate change) affecting the deep-sea floor (below 200 m depth) of the Mainland component of the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Raster layers include pressures related to Physical Change, Biological Disturbance, Chemical Changes, Chemical and Other Pollution and Exogenous/Unmanaged Processes. These layers reflect recent past pressure footprints (generally from 2012 onwards). The dataset was developed under the scope of the European Projects GES4SEAS ("Achieving Good Environmental Status For Maintaining Ecosystem Services By Assessing Integrated Impacts Of Cumulative Pressures") (https://www.ges4seas.eu) and BioProtect ("Advancing Area-Based Management Tools To Accelerate The Protection And Restoration Of Marine Biodiversity Across The European Sea Basins") (https://bioprotect-project.eu). -------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW -------------------- // File List: The raster files are organised into folders representing each category of pressure (i.e., Physical Change, Biological Disturbance, Chemical Changes, Chemical and Other Pollution, and Exogenous/Unmanaged Processes) and are named according to the specific pressure: biological_disturbance: - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_extraction_flora_fauna_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_introduction_microbial_pathogens_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_translocation_species_normalized.tif chemical_change_chemical_pollutants: - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_change_input_organic_matter_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_introduction_nonsynthetic_compounds_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_introduction_synthetic_compounds_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_litter_normalized.tif physical_change: - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_abrasion_damage_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_artificialisation_habitat_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_change_siltation_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_smothering_normalized.tif exogenous_unmanaged_processes: - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_ph_change_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_salinity_change_normalized.tif - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_thermal_change_normalized.tif -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- // Identification of data sources on human activities and climate change used to derive pressure layers: Pressure layers (rasters) were derived from aggregated data of single or multiple datasources on human activities and climate change. These data were compiled from open-access datasets, representing human activities and dynamic ocean variables (temperature, salinity, and pH) within the study area. The data sources are listed below: - Global Fishing Watch (https://globalfishingwatch.org) - International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) - DATRAS (Database of Trawl Surveys, https://www.ices.dk/data/data-portals/pages/datras.aspx) - European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet, https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en) - TeleGeography (https://hub.arcgis.com/datasets/Story::submarine-cables-and-terminals-2018/explore?layer=2) - Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS, https://marine.copernicus.eu/) - DGPC - Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage of Portugal (https://webgis.dgrm.mm.gov.pt/portal/home/item.html?id=0ae735be10b540b58333705a9c92ea6b). // Methods for processing activity data and aggregating information to generate pressure layers: Pressure layers were derived from aggregated datasets of human activities or dynamic ocean variables (exogenic pressures), as detailed below. The intensity of human activity information was used as proxies for pressures. Buffers were applied to estimate the impact area where only geographic locations were available in the original source (e.g., shipwrecks). Moreover, to account for the uncertainty in the spatial extent of the military activity (i.e., information encoded as military areas), the contribution of this dataset to pressure layers was weighted by a factor of 0.5. Changes in seawater temperature, salinity, and pH due to climate change were assessed using a method adapted from Halpern et al. 2008 (DOI: 10.1126/science.1149345) and described in the publication associated with this dataset. Underlying data layers on activities contributing to a given pressure were normalised to a 0-1 scale to enable data aggregation, accounting for differences in the proxy metrics used for unrelated human activities (e.g., area affected, fishing hours). Pressures resulting in biological disturbance: - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_extraction_flora_fauna_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Nets (fixed/set/gillnets/other nets/lines) - operational (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing activity of purse seines, other purse seines, set longlines, set gillnets, pots and traps, and fixed gear - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Research: Operations (specific to activity but can include: interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch) Underlaying datasets: - DATRAS - Trawl Surveys - Pressure indicator: Area affected Temporal coverage: 2002-2011; 2013-2018 Temporal resolution: Annual average - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_introduction_microbial_pathogens_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Nets (fixed/set/gillnets/other nets/lines) - operational (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing activity of purse seines, other purse seines, set longlines, set gillnets, pots and traps, and fixed gear - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Long-line pelagic - operations (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of drift longlines - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Military: General (anti-fouling, ballast water exchange, litter) Underlaying datasets: - Military areas were defined as either present or absent based on defined spatial limits - Pressure indicator: presence/absence - Density of military and law enforcement vessels - Pressure indicator: density of vessels Temporal coverage: 2017-2022 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Research: Operations (specific to activity but can include: interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch) Underlaying datasets: - DATRAS - Trawl Surveys - Pressure indicator: Area affected Temporal coverage: 2002-2011; 2013-2018 Temporal resolution: Annual average - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_translocation_species_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Nets (fixed/set/gillnets/other nets/lines) - operational (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing activity of purse seines, other purse seines, set longlines, set gillnets, pots and traps, and fixed gear - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Long-line pelagic - operations (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of drift longlines - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Military: General (anti-fouling, ballast water exchange, litter) Underlaying datasets: - Military areas were defined as either present or absent based on defined spatial limits - Pressure indicator: presence/absence - Density of military and law enforcement vessels - Pressure indicator: density of vessels Temporal coverage: 2017-2022 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Research: Operations (specific to activity but can include: interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch) Underlaying datasets: - DATRAS - Trawl Surveys - Pressure indicator: Area affected Temporal coverage: 2002-2011; 2013-2018 Temporal resolution: Annual average Pressures resulting in chemical change and chemical pollution: - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_change_input_organic_matter_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Nets (fixed/set/gillnets/other nets/lines) - operational (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing activity of purse seines, other purse seines, set longlines, set gillnets, pots and traps, and fixed gear - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Long-line pelagic - operations (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of drift longlines - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Research: Operations (specific to activity but can include: interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch) Underlaying datasets: - DATRAS - Trawl Surveys - Pressure indicator: Area affected Temporal coverage: 2002-2011; 2013-2018 Temporal resolution: Annual average - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_introduction_nonsynthetic_compounds_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Nets (fixed/set/gillnets/other nets/lines) - operational (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing activity of purse seines, other purse seines, set longlines, set gillnets, pots and traps, and fixed gear - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Long-line pelagic - operations (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of drift longlines - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Military: General (anti-fouling, ballast water exchange, litter) Underlaying datasets: - Military areas were defined as either present or absent based on defined spatial limits - Pressure indicator: presence/absence - Density of military and law enforcement vessels - Pressure indicator: density of vessels Temporal coverage: 2017-2022 Temporal resolution: Annual average - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_introduction_synthetic_compounds_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Nets (fixed/set/gillnets/other nets/lines) - operational (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing activity of purse seines, other purse seines, set longlines, set gillnets, pots and traps, and fixed gear - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Long-line pelagic - operations (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of drift longlines - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Military: General (anti-fouling, ballast water exchange, litter) Underlaying datasets: - Military areas were defined as either present or absent based on defined spatial limits - Pressure indicator: presence/absence - Density of military and law enforcement vessels - Pressure indicator: density of vessels Temporal coverage: 2017-2022 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Military: Operations (specific to activity but can include: seismic activities, sonar) Underlaying datasets: - Military areas were defined as either present or absent based on defined spatial limits - Pressure indicator: presence/absence - Density of military and law enforcement vessels - Pressure indicator: density of vessels Temporal coverage: 2017-2022 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Shipping: Accidents, sinking of wrecks Underlaying datasets: - Ship wrecks - Pressure indicator: Area affected - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_litter_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Nets (fixed/set/gillnets/other nets/lines) - operational (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing activity of purse seines, other purse seines, set longlines, set gillnets, pots and traps, and fixed gear - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Long-line pelagic - operations (catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of drift longlines - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Military: General (anti-fouling, ballast water exchange, litter) Underlaying datasets: - Military areas were defined as either present or absent based on defined spatial limits - Pressure indicator: presence/absence - Density of military and law enforcement vessels - Pressure indicator: density of vessels Temporal coverage: 2017-2022 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Cruise ships Underlaying datasets: Route density of passenger vessels - Pressure indicator: Route density Temporal coverage: 2019-2023 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Research: Operations (specific to activity but can include: interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch) Underlaying datasets: - DATRAS - Trawl Surveys - Pressure indicator: Area affected Temporal coverage: 2002-2011; 2013-2018 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Shipping: Accidents, sinking of wrecks Underlaying datasets: - Ship wrecks - Pressure indicator: Area affected - Shipping: General (anti-fouling, ballast water exchange, litter, Mooring) Underlaying datasets: Route density of shipping vessels (cargo and tankers) - Pressure indicator: Route density Temporal coverage: 2019-2023 Temporal resolution: Annual average Pressures resulting in physical change: - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_abrasion_damage_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Research: Operations (specific to activity but can include: interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch) Underlaying datasets: - DATRAS - Trawl Surveys - Pressure indicator: Area affected Temporal coverage: 2002-2011; 2013-2018 Temporal resolution: Annual average - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_artificialisation_habitat_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Shipping: Accidents, sinking of wrecks Underlaying datasets: - Ship wrecks - Pressure indicator: Area affected - Telecoms and Electricity: Communication and electric cables - active operational (localised electro-magnetic changes) Underlaying datasets: - Submarine cables routes - Pressure indicator: Area affected - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_change_siltation_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Research: Operations (specific to activity but can include: interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch) Underlaying datasets: - DATRAS - Trawl Surveys - Pressure indicator: Area affected Temporal coverage: 2002-2011; 2013-2018 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Telecoms and Electricity: Communication and electric cables - active operational (localised electro-magnetic changes) Underlaying datasets: - Submarine cables routes - Pressure indicator: Area affected - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_smothering_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Benthic trawls and dredges - operations (interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch, waste products) Underlaying datasets: - Fishing effort of trawlers - Pressure indicator: hours of fishing Temporal coverage: 2012-2020 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Research: Operations (specific to activity but can include: interaction with seafloor, catch, bycatch) Underlaying datasets: - DATRAS - Trawl Surveys - Pressure indicator: Area affected Temporal coverage: 2002-2011; 2013-2018 Temporal resolution: Annual average - Shipping: Accidents, sinking of wrecks Underlaying datasets: - Ship wrecks - Pressure indicator: Area affected - Telecoms and Electricity: Communication and electric cables - active operational (localised electro-magnetic changes) Underlaying datasets: - Submarine cables routes - Pressure indicator: Area affected Pressures of exogenous/Unmanaged processes: - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_ph_change_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Metric of change of pH near the seabed - Pressure indicator: Number of weeks where the anomaly exceeded the standard deviation Underlaying datasets: Atlantic-Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean BioGeoChemistry NON ASSIMILATIVE Hindcast - CMEMS Temporal coverage: 1993-2021 Temporal resolution: Annual average - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_salinity_change_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Metric of change of salinity near the seabed - Pressure indicator: Number of weeks where the anomaly exceeded the standard deviation Underlaying datasets: Atlantic-Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Physics Reanalysis - CMEMS Temporal coverage: 1993-2021 Temporal resolution: Annual average - PROJ3035_PTmainland_below200m_thermal_change_normalized.tif Activities contributing to the pressure layer: - Metric of change of temperature near the seabed - Pressure indicator: Number of weeks where the anomaly exceeded the standard deviation Underlaying datasets: Atlantic-Iberian Biscay Irish - Ocean Physics Reanalysis - CMEMS Temporal coverage: 1993-2021 Temporal resolution: Annual average -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- // Licenses/Restrictions: See information generated by the repository // Links to publications that cite or use the data: See information generated by the repository // Recommended citation: See citation generated by repository.