Tubularia ramosa Linnaeus, 1758: 804.
Eudendrium ramosum: Ramil & Vervoort, 1992a: 20–21.— Schuchert, 2001: 32–33, fig. 20.— Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 2002: 37–38, fig. 7A–C.— Bouillon et al., 2006: 60–61, fig. 36H–L.— Vervoort, 2006: 215–216, fig. 4 no. 2.— Schuchert, 2012: 322–323, fig. 281.
Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 30 colonies, 28–113 mm high, without gonophores, of which two growing on Diphasia digitalis, and one on a polychaete tube.
BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: four colonies, 47–70 mm high, all without gonophores, substrate unknown.
BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: five colonies, 24–88 mm high, all without gonophores, substrate unknown.
BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonophores, attached to a bryozoan.
BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: one colony without gonophores, epizoic on Nemertesia ramosa.
Remarks. The study of nematocysts allowed us to identify this material as E. ramosum.
Biology. This species has been found growing on hard substrates, whether artificial or organic, such as algae and other invertebrates, e.g. bryozoans, gastropods, bivalves, anthozoans, polychaete tubes and other hydroids (Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002; Gil & Ramil 2021b). In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonophores have been found between March and December (Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002; Schuchert 2012; Gil & Ramil 2017a), while in the southern hemisphere, fertile material was found in February (Gil & Ramil 2021b).
In our material, E. ramosum was found growing on D. digitalis, N. ramosa, a polychaete tube and a bryozoan. Gonophores were not observed.
Distribution. Eudendrium ramosum is considered as a cosmopolitan species; nevertheless, many of its records are doubtful (Ramil & Vervoort 1992a; Marques et al. 2000), especially those from outside the eastern Atlantic (Schuchert 2012). In West Africa, it was recorded from Morocco (Ramil & Vervoort 1992a; Vervoort 2006) to the Cape Verde (Ritchie 1907; Vervoort 2006), and from the Valdivia Seamount (Gil & Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetrical range starts from the tidal zone (Ansín Agís 1992), reaching depths as much as 1870 m (Ramil & Vervoort 1992a).
The material studied by us was collected at depths between 21–58 m.