Published January 25, 2025 | Version v1
Journal article Open

The use and trust of information sources related to the efficacy and safety of dietary supplements among US vs Chinese consumers: an exploratory study

  • 1. ROR icon Hofstra University
  • 2. ROR icon University of Baltimore

Description

Dietary supplements are generally exempt from strict governmental regulations, leaving consumers to rely on various information sources to judge the safety and efficacy of these products. Given the differences in the US and Chinese marketplaces concerning government regulation and business responsibility, this study addresses the roles of different information sources for US and Chinese consumers. Findings reveal that while consumers in both countries rank family/friends and health professionals high (and marketer sources low), US consumers are more apt to trust online sources. While neither American nor Chinese consumers trust regulators to ensure supplement safety, Chinese consumers have lower trust than Americans.

Files

JABEM-2025-V5N1-3.pdf

Files (586.7 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:a3466158e8172e9e3ffe156f2c0b33d7
586.7 kB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Miller PE, Thomas PR & Dwyer JT 2013.Why US adults use nutritional supplements. JAMA Internal Medicine, 173(5), 355−361.
  • Bolton LE, Reed A & Volpp KG 2008. How does drug and supplement marketing affect a healthy lifestyle? Journal of Consumer Research, 34(5), 713−726.
  • Chandra A, Miller K & Willis WK 2005. Perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs of elderly consumers towards vitamin and mineral supplements. Journal of Medical Marketing, 5(4), 353−362.
  • Chen Q, He Y, Zhao X & Griffith D 2015. Sources of product information for Chinese rural consumers. International Journal of Advertising, 27(1), 67−97.
  • China Business Review (2016). Getting in to shape: exploring China's health supplements industry. https://www.chinabusinessreview.com/getting-into-shape-exploring-chinas-health-supplements-industry
  • Council for Responsible Nutrition 2019. Dietary supplement use reaches an all-time high. https://www.crnusa.org/newsroom/dietary-supplement-use-reaches-all-time-high
  • Dodge T & Kaufman A 2007. What makes consumers think dietary supplements are safe and effective? The role of disclaimers and FDA approval. Health Psychology, 26(4), 513−517.
  • Fralick AM & Trocchio RB 2019. Division II athletes' dietary supplement use, sources of information, and motivations to use dietary supplements. Journal of Sport Behavior, 42(4), 441−460.
  • Gilhooley M 1997. Herbal remedies and dietary supplements: the boundaries of drug claims and freedom of choice. Florida Law Review, 49, 663.
  • GMA 2020. The dietary supplements market in China. http://marketingtochina.com/the-dietary-supplements-market-in-china
  • Gordon NP & Schaffer DM 2005. Use of dietary supplements by female seniors in a large Northern California health plan. BMC Geriatrics, 5(1), 1−10.
  • Grebow J 2015. China's new dietary supplement law goes into effect in October. But will it solve the problems? https://www.nutritionaloutlook.com/view/chinas-new-dietary-supplement-law-goes effect-October-will-it-solve-problems
  • Homer PM & Mukherjee S 2018. The impact of dietary supplement form and dosage on perceived efficacy. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 35(2), 228−238.
  • Mason M J 1998. Drugs or dietary supplements: FDA's enforcement of DSHEA. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 17(2), 296−302.
  • Mason MJ & Scammon D 2011. Unintended consequences of health supplement information regulations: the importance of recognizing consumer motivations. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 45(2), 201−223.
  • Mason MJ, Scammon D & Fang X 2007. The impact of warnings, disclaimers, and product experience on consumers' perceptions of dietary supplements. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 41, 74-99.
  • Maxmen A 2021. Desperate to receive Covid care. The New York Times, June 22, D1.
  • McGinty JC 2021. The fine print of dietary supplements. The Wall Street Journal, June 26.
  • McNamara SH 1996. FDA regulation of ingredients in dietary supplements after passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994: an update. Food and Drug Law Journal, 51, 313−18.
  • Mikulic M 2019. Total US dietary supplement market size 2016-2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/828481/total-dietary-supplements-market-size-in-the-us
  • Mirosa M, Liu Y & Bremer P 2020. Chinese consumers' perceptions of food safety cues and maximising the effectiveness of food safety communications. British Food Journal, 123(1), 261−278.
  • Morrison K 2014. Survey: Consumers don't trust product information in marketing. http://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/consumers-trust-word-of-mouth-marketing/206388
  • Nichter M & Thompson JJ 2006. For my wellness, not just my illness: North Americans' use of dietary supplements. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 30(2), 175−222.
  • Peters CAO, Shelton J & Sharma P 2003. An investigation of factors that influence the consumption of dietary supplements. Health Marketing Quarterly, 21(1−2), 113−135.
  • Royne M, Fox A, Deitz G & Gibson T 2014. The effects of health consciousness and familiarity with DTCA on perceptions of dietary supplements. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 48, 515−534.
  • Starr RR 2015. Too little, too late: ineffective regulation of dietary supplements in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 105(3), 478−485.
  • Teoh SL, Ngorsuraches S, Lai NM, Bangpan M & Chaiyakunapruk N 2019. Factors affecting consumers' decisions on the use of nutraceuticals: a systematic review. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 70(4), 491−512.
  • Thompson JJ & Nichter M 2007. The compliance paradox: What we need to know about "real-world" dietary supplement use in the United States. Alternative Therapies, 13(2), 48−55.
  • Tzeng S-Y & Ho T-Y 2022. Exploring the effects of product knowledge, trust, and distrust in the health belief model to predict attitude toward dietary supplements. SAGE Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211068855
  • US Food and Drug Administration 2019. Dietary supplements. https://www.fda.gov/food/dietary-supplements
  • US Government Accountability Office 2013. Dietary supplements—FDA may have opportunities to expand its use of reported health problems to oversee products. US Government Accountability Office, 13−244.
  • US Government Accountability Office 2013. Dietary supplements—FDA may have opportunities to expand its use of reported health problems to oversee products. US Government Accountability Office, 13−244.
  • Vignuolo PA 1997. The herbal street drug crisis: an examination of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. Seton Hall Legislative Journal, 21, 200−31.
  • White CM 2020. Dietary supplements pose a real danger to patients. Annals of Pharmacology, 54(8), 815-819.
  • Wilson KM, Klein JD, Sesselberg MA, Yussman SM, Markow DB, Green AE, West JC & Gray NJ 2006. Use of complementary medicine and dietary supplements among US adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 385−394.