I don't know if we are talking about a different wife but Catherine Howard was most definitely guilty. I have never seen really any debate about that. Maybe you are thinking of Anne Boleyn? As to the power of the Catholic Church - while there certainly were repercussions to his actions I wouldn't say it harmed them. If you were to place blame on one person wouldn't be Luther? Also, once his daughter, Mary, was on the throne, I would say it was business as usual for a while. Edit - I see where your confusion comes from. I said "the second wife to be beheaded" not " the second wife". I agree with probable innocence of Anne - one of my most favorite historical figures.