DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEMS FOR AIR CONDITIONING UNIT USING HOMER PRO SOFTWARE

ABSTRACT

This study designs and optimizes cost-effective on-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for air conditioning units (ACUs) with capacities of 1 to 2.5 horsepower, aiming to improve energy efficiency and financial feasibility. Key objectives include gathering data on ACU power needs, solar irradiance, and PV specifications for accurate simulations, using HOMER Pro Software to optimize system design, and performing cost analyses. In the Philippines, where abundant sunlight enables solar energy use, solar PV presents a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, contributing to energy security, price stability, and emission reduction.

Adopting a mixed-methods approach, this research combines quantitative simulations and qualitative insights for a holistic evaluation. Quantitative analysis through HOMER Pro Software assesses PV system efficiency, output, and cost-effectiveness, considering both short-term and lifecycle costs. Qualitative insights from literature and case studies contextualize these findings, addressing broader trends and barriers in solar PV for ACUs.

Solar irradiance data from Tarlac City, Philippines, guided system optimization, resulting in a design featuring PV panels as the primary power source, battery backup, and grid connectivity. The analysis evaluated three grid interaction scenarios: an independent on-grid system, a flexible grid-purchasing/selling system, and a hybrid configuration for energy flow optimization. The system achieved a PV penetration rate of 93.9%, substantially reducing grid dependence and energy costs, with a 16.5-year payback period and an estimated 90% reduction in CO₂ emissions compared to conventional sources. Although financially viable over time, further real-world battery testing is recommended. The results suggest that despite higher initial investment, lifecycle savings, environmental benefits, and stable cash flow make on-grid solar PV systems a feasible, sustainable solution for ACUs in warm climates. This study’s insights benefit engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders seeking to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability through solar-powered cooling solutions.