Development and Characterization of Grewia asiatica-Loaded Mucoadhesive Buccal Films for Sustained Antihypertensive Therapy

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to develop and evaluate five mucoadhesive buccal film formulations containing Grewia asiatica extract for prolonged release, potentially enhancing antihypertensive therapy.

Methods: Grewia asiatica hydroalcoholic extract, known for its rich phytoconstituents, was incorporated into polymeric buccal films (HPMC/PVA) using a solvent casting method. Formulations (F1–F5) varied in polymer ratio and plasticizer levels. Each film was characterized for thickness, drug content, mucoadhesion, mechanical properties, in vitro release, and ex vivo permeation. Accelerated stability testing was performed.

Results: All formulations demonstrated good film uniformity (thickness 0.14–0.19 mm), drug content ~96–103%, and mucoadhesive strength 20–28 g·cm/s. F4 exhibited the highest mucoadhesive force (28.2 ± 2.9 g·cm/s) and sustained drug release (>80% at 8 h) with near zero-order kinetics. Ex vivo permeation through goat buccal mucosa confirmed efficient transmucosal delivery (~78% in 8 h). Stability studies indicated minimal changes over three months.

Conclusion: Grewia asiatica-loaded buccal films present a viable route for sustained antihypertensive therapy via mucoadhesive drug delivery. Future in vivo studies are warranted to confirm clinical efficacy and patient compliance benefits