Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 35 124 28.23%
Male BEV-Driver 89 124 71.77%
Other BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
Female non-BEV-Driver 900 1690 53.25%
Male non-BEV-Driver 784 1690 46.39%
Other non-BEV-Driver 6 1690 0.36%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 21 124 16.94%
35-55 BEV-Driver 50 124 40.32%
55+ BEV-Driver 53 124 42.74%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 263 1690 15.56%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 524 1690 31.01%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 903 1690 53.43%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 3 124 2.42%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 43 124 34.68%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 78 124 62.90%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 163 1690 9.64%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 879 1690 52.01%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 648 1690 38.34%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 58 3.20%
≥ 6000 € 103 5.68%
2000-3999 € 901 49.67%
4000-5999 € 393 21.66%
800-1999 € 359 19.79%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 1 124 0.81%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 19 124 15.32%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 45 124 36.29%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 56 124 45.16%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 3 124 2.42%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 57 1690 3.37%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 84 1690 4.97%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 856 1690 50.65%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 337 1690 19.94%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 356 1690 21.07%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 357 19.68%
I live with family 54 2.98%
I live with others: co-housing 12 0.66%
Married or living together with child(ren) 489 26.96%
Married or living together without children 795 43.83%
Other housing situation, namely: 13 0.72%
Single parent with child(ren) 94 5.18%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 17 124 13.71%
I live with family BEV-Driver 1 124 0.81%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 1 124 0.81%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 56 124 45.16%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 44 124 35.48%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 5 124 4.03%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 340 1690 20.12%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 53 1690 3.14%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 11 1690 0.65%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 433 1690 25.62%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 751 1690 44.44%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 13 1690 0.77%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 89 1690 5.27%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 410 22.60%
Attached house 737 40.63%
Detached house 282 15.55%
Others, namely: 64 3.53%
Semi-detached house 321 17.70%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 20 124 16.13%
Attached house BEV-Driver 40 124 32.26%
Detached house BEV-Driver 36 124 29.03%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 1 124 0.81%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 27 124 21.77%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 390 1690 23.08%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 697 1690 41.24%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 246 1690 14.56%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 63 1690 3.73%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 294 1690 17.40%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 542 29.88%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 1270 70.01%
N/A 2 0.11%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 14 124 11.29%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 110 124 88.71%
N/A BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 528 1690 31.24%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 1160 1690 68.64%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 2 1690 0.12%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 92 74.19% 124
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 668 39.53% 1690
Heat pump BEV-Driver 35 28.23% 124
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 145 8.58% 1690
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 5 4.03% 124
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 57 3.37% 1690
Home battery BEV-Driver 14 11.29% 124
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 58 3.43% 1690
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 2 1.61% 124
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 31 1.83% 1690
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 27 21.77% 124
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 924 54.67% 1690

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 1316 72.55%
Three cars or more 53 2.92%
Two cars 445 24.53%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 57 124 45.97%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 9 124 7.26%
Two cars BEV-Driver 58 124 46.77%
One car non-BEV-Driver 1259 1690 74.50%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 44 1690 2.60%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 387 1690 22.90%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 111 6.12%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 10 0.55%
Diesel 127 7.00%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 128 7.06%
I don’t know 1 0.06%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 17 0.94%
None of the vehicles above 2 0.11%
Petrol 1391 76.68%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 27 1.49%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 6 111 5.41%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 0 111 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 20 111 18.02%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 16 111 14.41%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 69 111 62.16%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 12 1703 0.70%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 8 1703 0.47%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 41 1703 2.41%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 85 1703 4.99%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 1557 1703 91.43%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 26 5.22%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 2 0.40%
Diesel 65 13.05%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 20 4.02%
I don’t know 2 0.40%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2 0.40%
None of the vehicles above 1 0.20%
Petrol 378 75.90%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 2 0.40%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 1 26 3.85%
Car sharing 2nd car is BEV 0 26 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 4 26 15.38%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 2 26 7.69%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 19 26 73.08%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 9 472 1.91%
Car sharing 2nd car NOT BEV 5 472 1.06%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 26 472 5.51%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 26 472 5.51%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 406 472 86.02%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 1 1.89%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 1 1.89%
Diesel 7 13.21%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2 3.77%
None of the vehicles above 1 1.89%
Petrol 41 77.36%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 1 1 100.00%
Car sharing 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 0 52 0.00%
Car sharing 3rd car NOT BEV 1 52 1.92%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 4 52 7.69%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 2 52 3.85%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 45 52 86.54%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 15 139 10.79%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 148 1751 8.45%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 35 139 25.18%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 44 1751 2.51%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 24 139 17.27%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 408 1751 23.30%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 7 139 5.04%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 14 1751 0.80%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 58 139 41.73%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 1137 1751 64.93%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 4 124 3.23%
Daily BEV-Driver 46 124 37.10%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 1 124 0.81%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 73 124 58.87%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 213 1690 12.60%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 494 1690 29.23%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 50 1690 2.96%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 933 1690 55.21%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 7000.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 12820.62
3rd Qu. 15000.00
Max 65000.00
I don’t know (count) 466.00

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000
1st Qu. 12000
Median 15500
Mean 18610
3rd Qu. 24250
Max 65000
I don’t know (count) 22

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 7000.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 12315.88
3rd Qu. 15000.00
Max 60000.00
I don’t know (count) 444.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 755 1367 55.23%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 211 1367 15.44%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 174 1367 12.73%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 174 1367 12.73%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 79 114 69.30%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 38 1367 2.78%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 15 114 13.16%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 15 1367 1.10%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 11 114 9.65%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 8 114 7.02%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 1 114 0.88%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 0 114 0.00%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 45.00000
Mean 69.66876
3rd Qu. 80.50000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 315.00000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 10.0000
1st Qu. 45.0000
Median 80.0000
Mean 101.2857
3rd Qu. 150.0000
Max 400.0000
I don’t know (count) 15.0000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 40.00000
Mean 67.16516
3rd Qu. 80.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 300.00000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 9.6756615 9.676810 3.4212689
Home, on-street along public road 6.5040243 8.957107 3.1668155
Employer’s car park 1.8244212 3.468265 1.2262169
Along public roads on-street 1.4677508 3.889104 1.3750060
Public car parking 1.9517641 4.644655 1.6421337
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 0.6910419 1.872804 0.6621362
Other places 0.7067255 3.006701 1.0630294
Not parked/driving 1.1786108 3.286187 1.1618425

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 105 84.68%
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 103 83.06%
For commuting and work activities 97 78.23%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 74 59.68%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 38 124 30.65%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 28 124 22.58%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 3 124 2.42%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 55 124 44.35%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 443 1690 26.21%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 588 1690 34.79%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 255 1690 15.09%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 6 1690 0.36%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 10 1690 0.59%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 228 1690 13.49%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 160 1690 9.47%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 35 124 28.23%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 9 124 7.26%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 17 124 13.71%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 33 124 26.61%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 30 124 24.19%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 318 1680 18.93%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 440 1680 26.19%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 176 1680 10.48%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 268 1680 15.95%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 478 1680 28.45%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
Since <1 year 45 36.29%
Since 1-2 years 29 23.39%
Since 2-3 years 15 12.10%
Since 3-4 years 14 11.29%
Since 4-5 years 9 7.26%
Since longer than 5 years 12 9.68%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 32 71.11%
Second-hand 13 28.89%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 7 10.14%
€20.001 - €30.000 13 18.84%
€30.001 - €40.000 14 20.29%
€40.001 - €50.000 16 23.19%
€50.001 - €75.000 16 23.19%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 2 2.90%
More than €75.000 1 1.45%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 8 36.36%
€601 - €700 3 13.64%
€701 - €800 1 4.55%
€901 - €1000 1 4.55%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 3 13.64%
Less than €500 5 22.73%
More than €1000 1 4.55%

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 16 14.41%
301 – 400 km 28 25.23%
401 – 500 km 50 45.05%
501 – 600 km 10 9.01%
601 – 700 km 2 1.80%
More than 700 km 1 0.90%
Until 200 km 4 3.60%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 2 1.80%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 31 27.93%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 6 5.41%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 32 28.83%
Yes, this is achieved 40 36.04%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 62 55.86%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 6 5.41%
This is usually enough 42 37.84%
This is usually not enough 1 0.90%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car is private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 5 45.45%
Second-hand 6 54.55%

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 4 21.05%
€20.001 - €30.000 1 5.26%
€30.001 - €40.000 3 15.79%
€40.001 - €50.000 3 15.79%
€50.001 - €75.000 5 26.32%
Less than €10.000 2 10.53%
More than €75.000 1 5.26%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 5 19.23%
301 – 400 km 3 11.54%
401 – 500 km 12 46.15%
601 – 700 km 1 3.85%
Until 200 km 5 19.23%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 1 3.85%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 5 19.23%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 4 15.38%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 7 26.92%
Yes, this is achieved 9 34.62%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 13 50.00%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 1 3.85%
This is usually enough 12 46.15%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car is private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
Less than €500 1 100.00%

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 1 100.00%

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

3rd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 1 100.00%

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 25.00 8.06 33.06 16.94 16.94
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 16.13 4.84 54.03 6.45 18.55
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 16.13 6.45 35.48 3.23 38.71
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 13.71 5.65 19.35 20.16 41.13
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 12.10 16.13 4.03 36.29 31.45
Normal household socket at home 4.03 5.65 2.42 13.71 74.19

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.83 0.08 0.13
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.73 0.17 0.15
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.67 0.1 0.25
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.45 0.05 0.51

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 6.45 8.87 12.9 12.9 29.03 29.84

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 33.87 20.16 15.32 8.87 8.06 9.68 2.42 1.61 0.00 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 16.13 31.45 18.55 15.32 9.68 6.45 2.42 0.00 0.00 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 10.48 12.90 19.35 15.32 13.71 16.94 6.45 3.23 1.61 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 4.03 6.45 6.45 20.97 14.52 21.77 16.94 6.45 2.42 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 8.87 12.10 13.71 15.32 20.16 12.90 12.90 3.23 0.81 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 17.74 12.90 15.32 7.26 13.71 17.74 8.06 6.45 0.81 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 0.81 1.61 5.65 8.06 13.71 3.23 37.10 28.23 1.61 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 3.23 1.61 4.84 8.87 5.65 11.29 12.10 49.19 3.23 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 4.84 0.81 0.81 0.00 0.81 0.00 1.61 1.61 89.52 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 20.97 16.94 12.90 16.94 5.65 10.48 12.10 4.03
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 36.29 4.03 11.29 11.29 3.23 27.42 0.00 6.45
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 33.06 10.48 9.68 16.13 4.03 16.13 6.45 4.03
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 17.74 14.52 20.16 10.48 9.68 14.52 10.48 2.42
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 26.61 3.23 28.23 15.32 4.03 14.52 1.61 6.45

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 37.90 4.03 8.87 16.13 1.61 25.00 4.03 2.42
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 33.87 6.45 11.29 20.97 6.45 12.10 1.61 7.26
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 37.90 3.23 9.68 14.52 4.03 25.00 1.61 4.03
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 27.42 1.61 3.23 8.06 8.06 50.00 0.00 1.61
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 29.84 7.26 12.90 25.81 3.23 15.32 2.42 3.23
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 31.45 8.06 16.94 20.16 4.03 8.87 1.61 8.87
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 17.74 16.94 22.58 12.10 8.87 5.65 11.29 4.84

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 39 31.45%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 46 37.10%
More than 1 hour 3 2.42%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 26 20.97%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 10 8.06%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 36 29.03%
Yes, multiple times 61 49.19%
Yes, once 27 21.77%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 7 7.95%
Easy 41 46.59%
Not applicable (did not recharge my car abroad) 6 6.82%
Not easy, but not difficult either 15 17.05%
Very easy 19 21.59%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 25.81 23.39 20.97 11.29 6.45 5.65 4.84 1.61
There are too few recharging stations along the way 29.03 27.42 24.19 12.10 4.84 2.42 0.00 0.00
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 9.68 17.74 18.55 22.58 16.94 8.06 6.45 0.00
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 11.29 10.48 8.87 24.19 16.94 16.13 8.06 4.03
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 2.42 9.68 11.29 12.10 26.61 25.00 12.90 0.00
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 4.84 4.84 8.87 12.90 17.74 31.45 16.13 3.23
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 4.03 4.84 4.84 4.84 10.48 11.29 50.81 8.87
Others 12.90 1.61 2.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 82.26

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 620 36.41%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 233 13.68%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 574 33.71%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 209 12.27%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 67 3.93%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
Neutral BEV-Driver 2 124 1.61%
Positive BEV-Driver 24 124 19.35%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 6 124 4.84%
Very negative BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
Very positive BEV-Driver 92 124 74.19%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 92 1690 5.44%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 400 1690 23.67%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 429 1690 25.38%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 138 1690 8.17%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 323 1690 19.11%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 109 1690 6.45%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 199 1690 11.78%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 0 124 0.00%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 101 124 81.45%
Neutral BEV-Driver 3 124 2.42%
Not for me BEV-Driver 1 124 0.81%
Something for me BEV-Driver 19 124 15.32%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 221 1690 13.08%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 177 1690 10.47%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 594 1690 35.15%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 314 1690 18.58%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 384 1690 22.72%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 274 45.90%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 236 39.53%
More information about recharging options 192 32.16%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 170 28.48%
None of the above 117 19.60%
Test drive 93 15.58%
Other: namely: … 47 7.87%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 347 19.13%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 234 12.90%
Economical to use 206 11.36%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 173 9.54%
Possible to drive using my own (locally produced) electricity, eg from my solar panels 127 7.00%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 418 23.04%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 210 11.58%
There are too few public recharging points 150 8.27%
The driving range is still insufficient / I can’t drive far enough 130 7.17%
I prefer waiting until EV’s become more common 95 5.24%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
23 There are too few recharging stations along the way 56.10%
23 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 56.10%
15 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 36.59%
15 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 36.59%
14 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 34.15%
10 I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 24.39%
7 Other, namely… 17.07%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 2 124 1.61%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 1 124 0.81%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 17 124 13.71%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 12 124 9.68%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 20 124 16.13%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 47 124 37.90%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 25 124 20.16%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 38 1690 2.25%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 82 1690 4.85%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 429 1690 25.38%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 302 1690 17.87%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 326 1690 19.29%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 328 1690 19.41%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 185 1690 10.95%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 110 123 89.43%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 0 123 0.00%
Diesel BEV-Driver 0 123 0.00%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 3 123 2.44%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 6 123 4.88%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 0 123 0.00%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 0 123 0.00%
Petrol BEV-Driver 1 123 0.81%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 3 123 2.44%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 229 1608 14.24%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 7 1608 0.44%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 26 1608 1.62%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 341 1608 21.21%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 332 1608 20.65%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 10 1608 0.62%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 9 1608 0.56%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 524 1608 32.59%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 130 1608 8.08%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 367 26.61%
No 422 30.60%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 292 21.17%
Yes, within 0-2 years 36 2.61%
Yes, within 2-3 years 74 5.37%
Yes, within 3-5 years 80 5.80%
Yes, within 5-10 years 108 7.83%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 166 55.70%
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 131 43.96%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 123 41.28%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 106 35.57%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 99 33.22%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 29 9.73%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 20 6.71%
Other, namely: … 7 2.35%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 490 28.99%
A sufficient driving range 458 27.10%
The exemption [after 2024] from road taxes 405 23.96%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 380 22.49%
The availability of more second-hand EVs 264 15.62%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 84 123 68.29%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 34 123 27.64%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 4 123 3.25%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 1 123 0.81%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 416 1608 25.87%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 806 1608 50.12%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 76 1608 4.73%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 310 1608 19.28%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 6000.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 15689.46
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 581.00

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 17750.00
Mean 20967.32
3rd Qu. 30000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in BEV (count) 657.00

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 1 123 0.81%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 13 123 10.57%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 1 123 0.81%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 37 123 30.08%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 47 123 38.21%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 18 123 14.63%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 6 123 4.88%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 170 1608 10.57%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 151 1608 9.39%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 47 1608 2.92%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 316 1608 19.65%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 405 1608 25.19%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 256 1608 15.92%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 263 1608 16.36%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 7 124 5.65%
2030 BEV-Driver 41 124 33.06%
2035 BEV-Driver 43 124 34.68%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 16 124 12.90%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 11 124 8.87%
Never BEV-Driver 6 124 4.84%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 59 1690 3.49%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 215 1690 12.72%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 403 1690 23.85%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 357 1690 21.12%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 423 1690 25.03%
Never non-BEV-Driver 233 1690 13.79%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 714 39.36%
Purchase subsidy new electric car 507 27.95%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 375 20.67%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 349 19.24%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 283 15.60%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 275 15.16%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 244 13.45%
Others, namely: … 15 0.83%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 109 124 87.90%
Yes BEV-Driver 15 124 12.10%
No non-BEV-Driver 1524 1690 90.18%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 166 1690 9.82%