Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 10 100 10.00%
Male BEV-Driver 90 100 90.00%
Other BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
Female non-BEV-Driver 793 1749 45.34%
Male non-BEV-Driver 952 1749 54.43%
Other non-BEV-Driver 4 1749 0.23%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 16 100 16.00%
35-55 BEV-Driver 61 100 61.00%
55+ BEV-Driver 23 100 23.00%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 377 1749 21.56%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 808 1749 46.20%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 564 1749 32.25%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 3 100 3.00%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 40 100 40.00%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 57 100 57.00%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 69 1749 3.95%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 854 1749 48.83%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 826 1749 47.23%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 98 5.30%
≥ 6000 € 81 4.38%
2000-3999 € 793 42.89%
4000-5999 € 242 13.09%
800-1999 € 635 34.34%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 17 100 17.00%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 43 100 43.00%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 28 100 28.00%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 12 100 12.00%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 98 1749 5.60%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 64 1749 3.66%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 750 1749 42.88%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 214 1749 12.24%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 623 1749 35.62%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 191 10.33%
I live with family 225 12.17%
I live with others: co-housing 56 3.03%
Married or living together with child(ren) 866 46.84%
Married or living together without children 430 23.26%
Other housing situation, namely: 15 0.81%
Single parent with child(ren) 66 3.57%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
I live with family BEV-Driver 8 100 8.00%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 3 100 3.00%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 63 100 63.00%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 22 100 22.00%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 4 100 4.00%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 191 1749 10.92%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 217 1749 12.41%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 53 1749 3.03%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 803 1749 45.91%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 408 1749 23.33%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 15 1749 0.86%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 62 1749 3.54%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 1243 67.23%
Attached house 206 11.14%
Detached house 218 11.79%
Others, namely: 6 0.32%
Semi-detached house 176 9.52%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 47 100 47.00%
Attached house BEV-Driver 16 100 16.00%
Detached house BEV-Driver 22 100 22.00%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 15 100 15.00%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 1196 1749 68.38%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 190 1749 10.86%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 196 1749 11.21%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 6 1749 0.34%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 161 1749 9.21%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 353 19.09%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 1468 79.39%
N/A 28 1.51%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 9 100 9.00%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 89 100 89.00%
N/A BEV-Driver 2 100 2.00%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 344 1749 19.67%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 1379 1749 78.85%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 26 1749 1.49%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 38 38.00% 100
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 288 16.47% 1749
Heat pump BEV-Driver 24 24.00% 100
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 283 16.18% 1749
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 4 4.00% 100
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 64 3.66% 1749
Home battery BEV-Driver 8 8.00% 100
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 93 5.32% 1749
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 14 14.00% 100
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 36 2.06% 1749
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 46 46.00% 100
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 1154 65.98% 1749

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 1120 60.57%
Three cars or more 127 6.87%
Two cars 602 32.56%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 24 100 24.00%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 26 100 26.00%
Two cars BEV-Driver 50 100 50.00%
One car non-BEV-Driver 1096 1749 62.66%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 101 1749 5.77%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 552 1749 31.56%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 89 4.81%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 2 0.11%
Diesel 841 45.48%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 111 6.00%
I don’t know 2 0.11%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 10 0.54%
None of the vehicles above 7 0.38%
Petrol 745 40.29%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 42 2.27%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 1 89 1.12%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 2 89 2.25%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 7 89 7.87%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 3 89 3.37%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 76 89 85.39%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 10 1760 0.57%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 9 1760 0.51%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 33 1760 1.87%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 44 1760 2.50%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 1664 1760 94.55%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 13 1.78%
Diesel 378 51.85%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 31 4.25%
I don’t know 1 0.14%
None of the vehicles above 2 0.27%
Petrol 292 40.05%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 12 1.65%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 1 13 7.69%
Car sharing 2nd car is BEV 0 13 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 1 13 7.69%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 0 13 0.00%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 11 13 84.62%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 1 716 0.14%
Car sharing 2nd car NOT BEV 4 716 0.56%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 13 716 1.82%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 5 716 0.70%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 693 716 96.79%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 9 7.09%
Diesel 45 35.43%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1 0.79%
Petrol 70 55.12%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 2 1.57%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 1 9 11.11%
Car sharing 3rd car is BEV 0 9 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 0 9 0.00%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 0 9 0.00%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 8 9 88.89%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 0 118 0.00%
Car sharing 3rd car NOT BEV 1 118 0.85%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 1 118 0.85%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 2 118 1.69%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 114 118 96.61%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 3 103 2.91%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 130 1809 7.19%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 6 103 5.83%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 64 1809 3.54%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 12 103 11.65%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 155 1809 8.57%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 5 103 4.85%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 13 1809 0.72%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 77 103 74.76%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 1447 1809 79.99%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 2 100 2.00%
Daily BEV-Driver 71 100 71.00%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 1 100 1.00%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 26 100 26.00%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 187 1749 10.69%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 834 1749 47.68%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 48 1749 2.74%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 680 1749 38.88%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 8000.00
Median 12000.00
Mean 14575.01
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 75000.00
I don’t know (count) 546.00

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 15000.00
Median 17000.00
Mean 20333.33
3rd Qu. 25000.00
Max 60000.00
I don’t know (count) 11.00

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 8000.00
Median 12000.00
Mean 14189.75
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 75000.00
I don’t know (count) 535.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 857 1754 48.86%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 489 1754 27.88%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 254 1754 14.48%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 67 1754 3.82%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 66 104 63.46%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 64 1754 3.65%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 30 104 28.85%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 23 1754 1.31%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 6 104 5.77%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 1 104 0.96%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 1 104 0.96%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 0 104 0.00%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 45.00000
Mean 72.78233
3rd Qu. 100.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 411.00000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 10.00000
1st Qu. 40.00000
Median 60.00000
Mean 88.31579
3rd Qu. 120.00000
Max 400.00000
I don’t know (count) 4.00000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 45.00000
Mean 71.64456
3rd Qu. 90.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 407.00000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 11.7287723 8.051284 2.8465588
Home, on-street along public road 4.1036777 6.497899 2.2973543
Employer’s car park 1.9448350 3.540610 1.2517945
Along public roads on-street 2.8417523 5.203707 1.8397881
Public car parking 1.2505679 3.262256 1.1533818
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 0.8346133 1.910084 0.6753168
Other places 0.3295295 2.082122 0.7361412
Not parked/driving 0.9662520 2.403446 0.8497467

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For commuting and work activities 91 91.00%
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 80 80.00%
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 75 75.00%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 53 53.00%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 30 100 30.00%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 20 100 20.00%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 6 100 6.00%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 5 100 5.00%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 37 100 37.00%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 2 100 2.00%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 291 1749 16.64%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 532 1749 30.42%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 358 1749 20.47%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 24 1749 1.37%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 69 1749 3.95%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 121 1749 6.92%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 354 1749 20.24%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 39 95 41.05%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 4 95 4.21%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 22 95 23.16%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 26 95 27.37%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 4 95 4.21%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 840 1680 50.00%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 41 1680 2.44%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 213 1680 12.68%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 405 1680 24.11%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 181 1680 10.77%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
Since <1 year 28 28.00%
Since 1-2 years 26 26.00%
Since 2-3 years 6 6.00%
Since 3-4 years 11 11.00%
Since 4-5 years 7 7.00%
Since longer than 5 years 22 22.00%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 34 79.07%
Second-hand 9 20.93%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 11 14.47%
€20.001 - €30.000 9 11.84%
€30.001 - €40.000 16 21.05%
€40.001 - €50.000 10 13.16%
€50.001 - €75.000 21 27.63%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 1.32%
Less than €10.000 4 5.26%
More than €75.000 4 5.26%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 1 25.00%
Less than €500 3 75.00%

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 17 19.10%
301 – 400 km 14 15.73%
401 – 500 km 26 29.21%
501 – 600 km 13 14.61%
601 – 700 km 4 4.49%
More than 700 km 1 1.12%
Until 200 km 14 15.73%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 2 2.25%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 24 26.97%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 11 12.36%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 20 22.47%
Yes, this is achieved 32 35.96%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 39 43.82%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 6 6.74%
This is usually enough 42 47.19%
This is usually not enough 2 2.25%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 2 18.18%
€20.001 - €30.000 4 36.36%
€30.001 - €40.000 2 18.18%
€50.001 - €75.000 2 18.18%
More than €75.000 1 9.09%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 3 23.08%
301 – 400 km 3 23.08%
401 – 500 km 2 15.38%
501 – 600 km 3 23.08%
Until 200 km 2 15.38%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 4 30.77%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 4 30.77%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 2 15.38%
Yes, this is achieved 3 23.08%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 7 53.85%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 3 23.08%
This is usually enough 3 23.08%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 2 25.00%
€50.001 - €75.000 1 12.50%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 12.50%
Less than €10.000 4 50.00%

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 1 11.11%
301 – 400 km 2 22.22%
I don’t know 2 22.22%
Until 200 km 4 44.44%

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 1 14.29%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 1 14.29%
Yes, this is achieved 5 71.43%

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

3rd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 3 33.33%
This is never enough 1 11.11%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 3 33.33%
This is usually enough 1 11.11%
This is usually not enough 1 11.11%

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 20 4 28 25 23
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 22 2 48 12 16
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 30 2 35 14 19
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 8 6 14 11 61
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 11 30 3 37 19
Normal household socket at home 9 11 15 14 51

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.3 0.16 0.57
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.55 0.23 0.28
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.23 0.1 0.68
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.06 0.08 0.88

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 11 13 8 19 14 35

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 58 13 10 5 5 4 4 1 0 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 9 27 12 21 16 13 0 2 0 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 1 10 30 15 12 15 6 8 3 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 2 5 7 20 17 17 23 8 1 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 9 14 12 9 24 15 9 8 0 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 8 22 10 14 9 20 9 7 1 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 3 4 6 7 3 7 36 34 0 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 9 5 13 9 14 7 12 30 1 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 94 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 15 16 10 27 11 5 15 1
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 42 3 7 13 4 25 3 3
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 14 16 14 13 14 5 21 3
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 13 19 23 5 11 7 19 3
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 11 14 22 20 17 8 5 3

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 31 4 7 14 10 27 7 0
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 15 23 4 20 23 7 8 0
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 39 6 3 12 7 22 11 0
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 27 0 4 6 2 59 2 0
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 19 8 15 25 9 10 14 0
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 14 15 14 19 15 7 12 4
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 8 22 17 13 9 9 22 0

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 21 21.00%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 40 40.00%
More than 1 hour 4 4.00%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 26 26.00%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 9 9.00%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 38 38.00%
Yes, multiple times 33 33.00%
Yes, once 29 29.00%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 3 4.84%
Easy 16 25.81%
Not applicable (did not recharge my car abroad) 25 40.32%
Not easy, but not difficult either 6 9.68%
Very difficult 1 1.61%
Very easy 11 17.74%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 32 19 16 7 7 6 11 2
There are too few recharging stations along the way 9 35 16 18 8 8 3 3
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 19 7 38 19 11 3 3 0
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 15 9 5 37 13 10 10 1
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 5 7 11 10 41 23 3 0
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 5 9 6 7 13 40 17 3
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 12 13 6 2 7 7 52 1
Others 3 1 2 0 0 3 1 90

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 533 30.28%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 314 17.84%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 564 32.05%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 260 14.77%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 89 5.06%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
Neutral BEV-Driver 2 100 2.00%
Positive BEV-Driver 20 100 20.00%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 2 100 2.00%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 1 100 1.00%
Very negative BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
Very positive BEV-Driver 75 100 75.00%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 66 1749 3.77%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 257 1749 14.69%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 482 1749 27.56%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 134 1749 7.66%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 366 1749 20.93%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 59 1749 3.37%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 385 1749 22.01%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 83 100 83.00%
Neutral BEV-Driver 3 100 3.00%
Not for me BEV-Driver 0 100 0.00%
Something for me BEV-Driver 14 100 14.00%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 96 1749 5.49%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 258 1749 14.75%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 475 1749 27.16%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 263 1749 15.04%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 657 1749 37.56%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 265 55.44%
More information about recharging options 220 46.03%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 205 42.89%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 169 35.36%
Test drive 154 32.22%
None of the above 41 8.58%
Other: namely: … 10 2.09%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 261 14.12%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 177 9.57%
Economical to use 174 9.41%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 160 8.65%
I don’t know 56 3.03%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 308 16.66%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 157 8.49%
There are too few public recharging points 157 8.49%
There are too few public fast recharging points 101 5.46%
The yearly operation and maintenance costs are too high 97 5.25%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
11 There are too few recharging stations along the way 68.75%
9 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 56.25%
8 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 50.00%
7 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 43.75%
6 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 37.50%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 13 100 13.00%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 2 100 2.00%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 4 100 4.00%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 29 100 29.00%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 14 100 14.00%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 26 100 26.00%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 12 100 12.00%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 60 1747 3.43%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 81 1747 4.64%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 239 1747 13.68%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 545 1747 31.20%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 284 1747 16.26%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 360 1747 20.61%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 178 1747 10.19%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 83 98 84.69%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 0 98 0.00%
Diesel BEV-Driver 0 98 0.00%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 4 98 4.08%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 2 98 2.04%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 0 98 0.00%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 0 98 0.00%
Petrol BEV-Driver 1 98 1.02%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 8 98 8.16%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 238 1668 14.27%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 10 1668 0.60%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 174 1668 10.43%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 427 1668 25.60%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 316 1668 18.94%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 6 1668 0.36%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 4 1668 0.24%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 191 1668 11.45%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 302 1668 18.11%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 223 15.59%
No 242 16.92%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 322 22.52%
Yes, within 0-2 years 171 11.96%
Yes, within 2-3 years 145 10.14%
Yes, within 3-5 years 205 14.34%
Yes, within 5-10 years 122 8.53%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 377 58.63%
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 348 54.12%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 275 42.77%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 261 40.59%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 143 22.24%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 71 11.04%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 66 10.26%
Other, namely: … 17 2.64%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 691 39.51%
A sufficient driving range 627 35.85%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 442 25.27%
A sufficiently dense public recharging network 394 22.53%
When I know for sure the energy network can handle it 314 17.95%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 73 98 74.49%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 19 98 19.39%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 2 98 2.04%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 4 98 4.08%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 1001 1668 60.01%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 337 1668 20.20%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 71 1668 4.26%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 259 1668 15.53%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 13000.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 20656.38
3rd Qu. 25000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 597.00

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.0
1st Qu. 15000.0
Median 23000.0
Mean 24547.9
3rd Qu. 30000.0
Max 100000.0
No interest in BEV (count) 477.0

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 98 0.00%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 6 98 6.12%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 1 98 1.02%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 22 98 22.45%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 38 98 38.78%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 18 98 18.37%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 13 98 13.27%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 125 1668 7.49%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 153 1668 9.17%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 71 1668 4.26%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 250 1668 14.99%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 339 1668 20.32%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 295 1668 17.69%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 435 1668 26.08%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 5 100 5.00%
2030 BEV-Driver 30 100 30.00%
2035 BEV-Driver 38 100 38.00%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 18 100 18.00%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 7 100 7.00%
Never BEV-Driver 2 100 2.00%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 64 1749 3.66%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 368 1749 21.04%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 440 1749 25.16%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 352 1749 20.13%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 389 1749 22.24%
Never non-BEV-Driver 136 1749 7.78%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 739 39.97%
Purchase subsidy new electric car 565 30.56%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 302 16.33%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 296 16.01%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 189 10.22%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 145 7.84%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 114 6.17%
Others, namely: … 26 1.41%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 81 100 81.00%
Yes BEV-Driver 19 100 19.00%
No non-BEV-Driver 1501 1749 85.82%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 248 1749 14.18%