Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 19 84 22.62%
Male BEV-Driver 65 84 77.38%
Other BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
Female non-BEV-Driver 881 1604 54.93%
Male non-BEV-Driver 722 1604 45.01%
Other non-BEV-Driver 1 1604 0.06%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 23 84 27.38%
35-55 BEV-Driver 46 84 54.76%
55+ BEV-Driver 15 84 17.86%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 618 1604 38.53%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 606 1604 37.78%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 380 1604 23.69%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 4 84 4.76%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 38 84 45.24%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 42 84 50.00%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 35 1604 2.18%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 1106 1604 68.95%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 463 1604 28.87%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 157 9.30%
≥ 6000 € 36 2.13%
2000-3999 € 588 34.83%
4000-5999 € 136 8.06%
800-1999 € 771 45.68%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 4 84 4.76%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 6 84 7.14%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 38 84 45.24%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 16 84 19.05%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 20 84 23.81%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 153 1604 9.54%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 30 1604 1.87%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 550 1604 34.29%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 120 1604 7.48%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 751 1604 46.82%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 225 13.33%
I live with family 480 28.44%
I live with others: co-housing 33 1.95%
Married or living together with child(ren) 566 33.53%
Married or living together without children 292 17.30%
Other housing situation, namely: 19 1.13%
Single parent with child(ren) 73 4.32%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 8 84 9.52%
I live with family BEV-Driver 18 84 21.43%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 1 84 1.19%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 40 84 47.62%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 13 84 15.48%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 1 84 1.19%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 3 84 3.57%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 217 1604 13.53%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 462 1604 28.80%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 32 1604 2.00%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 526 1604 32.79%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 279 1604 17.39%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 18 1604 1.12%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 70 1604 4.36%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 557 33.00%
Attached house 63 3.73%
Detached house 975 57.76%
Others, namely: 22 1.30%
Semi-detached house 71 4.21%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 10 84 11.90%
Attached house BEV-Driver 7 84 8.33%
Detached house BEV-Driver 65 84 77.38%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 2 84 2.38%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 547 1604 34.10%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 56 1604 3.49%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 910 1604 56.73%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 22 1604 1.37%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 69 1604 4.30%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 337 19.96%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 1150 68.13%
N/A 201 11.91%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 9 84 10.71%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 68 84 80.95%
N/A BEV-Driver 7 84 8.33%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 328 1604 20.45%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 1082 1604 67.46%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 194 1604 12.09%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 39 46.43% 84
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 245 15.27% 1604
Heat pump BEV-Driver 43 51.19% 84
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 454 28.30% 1604
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 4 4.76% 84
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 48 2.99% 1604
Home battery BEV-Driver 10 11.90% 84
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 88 5.49% 1604
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 2 2.38% 84
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 54 3.37% 1604
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 24 28.57% 84
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 919 57.29% 1604

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 716 42.42%
Three cars or more 236 13.98%
Two cars 736 43.60%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 12 84 14.29%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 21 84 25.00%
Two cars BEV-Driver 51 84 60.71%
One car non-BEV-Driver 704 1604 43.89%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 215 1604 13.40%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 685 1604 42.71%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 72 4.27%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 8 0.47%
Diesel 705 41.77%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 34 2.01%
I don’t know 6 0.36%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 25 1.48%
None of the vehicles above 4 0.24%
Petrol 829 49.11%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 5 0.30%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 1 72 1.39%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 0 72 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 5 72 6.94%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 41 72 56.94%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 25 72 34.72%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 8 1616 0.50%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 49 1616 3.03%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 43 1616 2.66%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 1156 1616 71.53%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 360 1616 22.28%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 21 2.16%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 4 0.41%
Diesel 452 46.50%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 13 1.34%
I don’t know 5 0.51%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 7 0.72%
None of the vehicles above 1 0.10%
Petrol 459 47.22%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 10 1.03%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 0 21 0.00%
Car sharing 2nd car is BEV 0 21 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 1 21 4.76%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 13 21 61.90%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 7 21 33.33%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 5 951 0.53%
Car sharing 2nd car NOT BEV 34 951 3.58%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 26 951 2.73%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 698 951 73.40%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 188 951 19.77%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 6 2.54%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 1 0.42%
Diesel 103 43.64%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 3 1.27%
I don’t know 4 1.69%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 3 1.27%
None of the vehicles above 1 0.42%
Petrol 113 47.88%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 2 0.85%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 0 6 0.00%
Car sharing 3rd car is BEV 0 6 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 1 6 16.67%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 3 6 50.00%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 2 6 33.33%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 2 230 0.87%
Car sharing 3rd car NOT BEV 11 230 4.78%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 12 230 5.22%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 165 230 71.74%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 40 230 17.39%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 7 95 7.37%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 176 1669 10.55%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 24 95 25.26%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 58 1669 3.48%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 33 95 34.74%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 762 1669 45.66%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 7 95 7.37%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 94 1669 5.63%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 24 95 25.26%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 579 1669 34.69%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 4 84 4.76%
Daily BEV-Driver 74 84 88.10%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 6 84 7.14%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 110 1604 6.86%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 1051 1604 65.52%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 22 1604 1.37%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 421 1604 26.25%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 15000.00
Mean 17386.11
3rd Qu. 22000.00
Max 70000.00
I don’t know (count) 569.00

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 2300.00
1st Qu. 19500.00
Median 25000.00
Mean 26471.67
3rd Qu. 35000.00
Max 60000.00
I don’t know (count) 13.00

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 15000.00
Mean 16779.74
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 70000.00
I don’t know (count) 556.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 1083 1633 66.32%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 235 1633 14.39%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 121 1633 7.41%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 92 1633 5.63%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 83 1633 5.08%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 73 91 80.22%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 19 1633 1.16%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 7 91 7.69%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 3 91 3.30%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 3 91 3.30%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 3 91 3.30%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 2 91 2.20%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 25.00000
Median 50.00000
Mean 83.97267
3rd Qu. 100.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 398.00000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 8.0000
1st Qu. 60.0000
Median 113.0000
Mean 135.2286
3rd Qu. 200.0000
Max 350.0000
I don’t know (count) 13.0000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 25.00000
Median 50.00000
Mean 80.91652
3rd Qu. 100.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 385.00000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 13.1593602 7.637356 2.7002131
Home, on-street along public road 1.3340047 3.804455 1.3450779
Employer’s car park 0.8359005 2.778479 0.9823405
Along public roads on-street 1.0598341 2.912013 1.0295521
Public car parking 3.5037915 4.951379 1.7505769
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 1.8059242 3.024637 1.0693707
Other places 1.5113744 3.416080 1.2077667
Not parked/driving 0.7898104 2.229306 0.7881788

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For commuting and work activities 74 88.10%
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 71 84.52%
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 69 82.14%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 40 47.62%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 29 84 34.52%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 24 84 28.57%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 2 84 2.38%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 29 84 34.52%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 338 1604 21.07%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 556 1604 34.66%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 260 1604 16.21%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 16 1604 1.00%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 64 1604 3.99%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 227 1604 14.15%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 143 1604 8.92%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 22 84 26.19%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 3 84 3.57%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 21 84 25.00%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 27 84 32.14%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 11 84 13.10%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 200 1540 12.99%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 215 1540 13.96%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 229 1540 14.87%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 360 1540 23.38%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 536 1540 34.81%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
Since <1 year 18 21.43%
Since 1-2 years 17 20.24%
Since 2-3 years 14 16.67%
Since 3-4 years 11 13.10%
Since 4-5 years 9 10.71%
Since longer than 5 years 15 17.86%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 11 64.71%
Second-hand 6 35.29%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 7 28.00%
€20.001 - €30.000 6 24.00%
€30.001 - €40.000 3 12.00%
€40.001 - €50.000 3 12.00%
€50.001 - €75.000 3 12.00%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 4.00%
More than €75.000 2 8.00%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€601 - €700 2 4.76%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 17 40.48%
Less than €500 21 50.00%
More than €1000 2 4.76%

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 23 31.94%
301 – 400 km 13 18.06%
401 – 500 km 11 15.28%
501 – 600 km 10 13.89%
I don’t know 1 1.39%
More than 700 km 3 4.17%
Until 200 km 11 15.28%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 2 2.82%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 16 22.54%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 12 16.90%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 13 18.31%
Yes, this is achieved 28 39.44%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 26 36.11%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 8 11.11%
This is usually enough 36 50.00%
This is usually not enough 2 2.78%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€20.001 - €30.000 2 28.57%
€30.001 - €40.000 1 14.29%
€40.001 - €50.000 1 14.29%
€50.001 - €75.000 2 28.57%
Less than €10.000 1 14.29%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car is private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 2 15.38%
€601 - €700 1 7.69%
€901 - €1000 1 7.69%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 2 15.38%
Less than €500 7 53.85%

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 11 52.38%
301 – 400 km 5 23.81%
401 – 500 km 1 4.76%
501 – 600 km 1 4.76%
601 – 700 km 1 4.76%
More than 700 km 1 4.76%
Until 200 km 1 4.76%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 4 19.05%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 3 14.29%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 5 23.81%
Yes, this is achieved 9 42.86%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 8 38.10%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 3 14.29%
This is usually enough 9 42.86%
This is usually not enough 1 4.76%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car is private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 2 66.67%
Less than €500 1 33.33%

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 1 16.67%
301 – 400 km 3 50.00%
401 – 500 km 1 16.67%
Until 200 km 1 16.67%

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 3 50.00%
Yes, this is achieved 3 50.00%

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

3rd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 4 66.67%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 1 16.67%
This is usually enough 1 16.67%

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 27.38 16.67 27.38 23.81 4.76
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 23.81 8.33 44.05 9.52 14.29
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 34.52 5.95 29.76 17.86 11.90
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 14.29 10.71 7.14 17.86 50.00
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 11.90 22.62 3.57 32.14 29.76
Normal household socket at home 9.52 22.62 16.67 17.86 33.33

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.6 0.2 0.24
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.57 0.31 0.17
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.35 0.18 0.5
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.18 0.14 0.7

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 15.48 10.71 14.29 21.43 21.43 16.67

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 36.90 19.05 13.10 10.71 7.14 5.95 3.57 3.57 0.00 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 20.24 26.19 16.67 10.71 10.71 4.76 2.38 7.14 1.19 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 7.14 7.14 26.19 19.05 13.10 14.29 8.33 4.76 0.00 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 4.76 9.52 9.52 21.43 20.24 14.29 8.33 9.52 2.38 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 4.76 8.33 8.33 15.48 26.19 21.43 10.71 4.76 0.00 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 3.57 15.48 10.71 13.10 10.71 25.00 15.48 5.95 0.00 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 5.95 1.19 5.95 3.57 5.95 7.14 38.10 30.95 1.19 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 11.90 13.10 9.52 5.95 5.95 7.14 13.10 32.14 1.19 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 4.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.19 94.05 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 22.62 7.14 5.95 32.14 8.33 16.67 7.14 0.00
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 36.90 4.76 7.14 22.62 9.52 14.29 3.57 1.19
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 26.19 2.38 25.00 15.48 8.33 13.10 3.57 5.95
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 16.67 14.29 21.43 9.52 9.52 13.10 15.48 0.00
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 13.10 10.71 17.86 25.00 9.52 5.95 14.29 3.57

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 34.52 5.95 9.52 19.05 7.14 17.86 5.95 0.00
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 25.00 11.90 8.33 19.05 22.62 4.76 8.33 0.00
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 36.90 5.95 7.14 19.05 8.33 21.43 1.19 0.00
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 26.19 2.38 0.00 5.95 9.52 54.76 0.00 1.19
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 19.05 8.33 17.86 27.38 9.52 8.33 8.33 1.19
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 27.38 4.76 10.71 21.43 11.90 14.29 5.95 3.57
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 14.29 9.52 21.43 14.29 7.14 13.10 14.29 5.95

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 21 25.00%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 25 29.76%
More than 1 hour 8 9.52%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 15 17.86%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 15 17.86%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 10 11.90%
Yes, multiple times 59 70.24%
Yes, once 15 17.86%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 15 20.27%
Easy 24 32.43%
Not applicable (did not recharge my car abroad) 2 2.70%
Not easy, but not difficult either 13 17.57%
Very difficult 3 4.05%
Very easy 17 22.97%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 22.62 22.62 15.48 20.24 7.14 4.76 5.95 1.19
There are too few recharging stations along the way 17.86 25.00 22.62 14.29 11.90 3.57 4.76 0.00
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 10.71 13.10 23.81 20.24 10.71 15.48 3.57 2.38
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 15.48 8.33 11.90 21.43 23.81 10.71 7.14 1.19
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 7.14 11.90 11.90 8.33 21.43 29.76 9.52 0.00
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 2.38 2.38 9.52 10.71 16.67 27.38 27.38 3.57
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 19.05 14.29 4.76 3.57 8.33 8.33 39.29 2.38
Others 4.76 2.38 0.00 1.19 0.00 0.00 2.38 89.29

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 643 39.79%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 145 8.97%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 516 31.93%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 237 14.67%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 75 4.64%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
Neutral BEV-Driver 4 84 4.76%
Positive BEV-Driver 20 84 23.81%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 4 84 4.76%
Very negative BEV-Driver 1 84 1.19%
Very positive BEV-Driver 55 84 65.48%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 72 1604 4.49%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 450 1604 28.05%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 355 1604 22.13%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 144 1604 8.98%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 292 1604 18.20%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 75 1604 4.68%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 216 1604 13.47%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 1 84 1.19%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 68 84 80.95%
Neutral BEV-Driver 2 84 2.38%
Not for me BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
Something for me BEV-Driver 13 84 15.48%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 121 1604 7.54%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 211 1604 13.15%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 534 1604 33.29%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 303 1604 18.89%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 435 1604 27.12%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 268 50.00%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 227 42.35%
More information about recharging options 185 34.51%
Test drive 183 34.14%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 168 31.34%
None of the above 36 6.72%
Other: namely: … 31 5.78%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 265 15.70%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 218 12.91%
Economical to use 199 11.79%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 181 10.72%
Possible to drive using my own (locally produced) electricity, eg from my solar panels 84 4.98%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 369 21.86%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 153 9.06%
There are too few public recharging points 128 7.58%
There are too few public fast recharging points 105 6.22%
I worry about the quality / duration of life of the battery 84 4.98%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
14 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 45.16%
13 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 41.94%
12 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 38.71%
10 There are too few recharging stations along the way 32.26%
9 I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 29.03%
9 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 29.03%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 4 84 4.76%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 14 84 16.67%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 19 84 22.62%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 7 84 8.33%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 18 84 21.43%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 22 84 26.19%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 57 1601 3.56%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 50 1601 3.12%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 262 1601 16.36%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 303 1601 18.93%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 294 1601 18.36%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 380 1601 23.74%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 255 1601 15.93%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 59 84 70.24%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 0 84 0.00%
Diesel BEV-Driver 4 84 4.76%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 4 84 4.76%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 4 84 4.76%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 1 84 1.19%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 1 84 1.19%
Petrol BEV-Driver 5 84 5.95%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 6 84 7.14%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 131 1554 8.43%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 26 1554 1.67%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 286 1554 18.40%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 170 1554 10.94%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 356 1554 22.91%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 22 1554 1.42%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 3 1554 0.19%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 461 1554 29.67%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 99 1554 6.37%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 293 20.59%
No 574 40.34%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 245 17.22%
Yes, within 0-2 years 44 3.09%
Yes, within 2-3 years 72 5.06%
Yes, within 3-5 years 84 5.90%
Yes, within 5-10 years 111 7.80%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 162 52.09%
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 136 43.73%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 103 33.12%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 99 31.83%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 96 30.87%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 29 9.32%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 20 6.43%
Other, namely: … 11 3.54%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 734 45.76%
A sufficient driving range 453 28.24%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 354 22.07%
A sufficiently dense public recharging network 315 19.64%
The exemption [after 2024] from road taxes 283 17.64%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 53 84 63.10%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 23 84 27.38%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 3 84 3.57%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 5 84 5.95%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 498 1554 32.05%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 419 1554 26.96%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 142 1554 9.14%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 495 1554 31.85%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 7000.00
Median 15000.00
Mean 14909.08
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 340.00

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 15000.00
Mean 18639.86
3rd Qu. 25000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in BEV (count) 613.00

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 1 84 1.19%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 15 84 17.86%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 2 84 2.38%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 20 84 23.81%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 21 84 25.00%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 19 84 22.62%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 6 84 7.14%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 96 1554 6.18%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 145 1554 9.33%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 77 1554 4.95%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 230 1554 14.80%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 338 1554 21.75%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 260 1554 16.73%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 408 1554 26.25%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 3 84 3.57%
2030 BEV-Driver 16 84 19.05%
2035 BEV-Driver 20 84 23.81%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 18 84 21.43%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 6 84 7.14%
Never BEV-Driver 21 84 25.00%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 47 1604 2.93%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 138 1604 8.60%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 299 1604 18.64%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 470 1604 29.30%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 247 1604 15.40%
Never non-BEV-Driver 403 1604 25.12%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 762 45.14%
Purchase subsidy new electric car 442 26.18%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 260 15.40%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 231 13.68%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 159 9.42%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 139 8.23%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 120 7.11%
Others, namely: … 23 1.36%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 60 84 71.43%
Yes BEV-Driver 24 84 28.57%
No non-BEV-Driver 1124 1604 70.07%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 480 1604 29.93%