Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 5 63 7.94%
Male BEV-Driver 58 63 92.06%
Other BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Female non-BEV-Driver 942 1852 50.86%
Male non-BEV-Driver 909 1852 49.08%
Other non-BEV-Driver 1 1852 0.05%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 20 63 31.75%
35-55 BEV-Driver 30 63 47.62%
55+ BEV-Driver 13 63 20.63%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 407 1852 21.98%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 755 1852 40.77%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 690 1852 37.26%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 23 63 36.51%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 38 63 60.32%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 130 1852 7.02%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 1258 1852 67.93%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 464 1852 25.05%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 149 7.78%
≥ 6000 € 54 2.82%
2000-3999 € 733 38.28%
4000-5999 € 172 8.98%
800-1999 € 807 42.14%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 5 63 7.94%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 30 63 47.62%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 12 63 19.05%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 15 63 23.81%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 148 1852 7.99%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 49 1852 2.65%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 703 1852 37.96%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 160 1852 8.64%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 792 1852 42.76%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 231 12.06%
I live with family 318 16.61%
I live with others: co-housing 21 1.10%
Married or living together with child(ren) 771 40.26%
Married or living together without children 458 23.92%
Other housing situation, namely: 11 0.57%
Single parent with child(ren) 105 5.48%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 7 63 11.11%
I live with family BEV-Driver 9 63 14.29%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 31 63 49.21%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 12 63 19.05%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 224 1852 12.10%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 309 1852 16.68%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 19 1852 1.03%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 740 1852 39.96%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 446 1852 24.08%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 11 1852 0.59%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 103 1852 5.56%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 1142 59.63%
Attached house 123 6.42%
Detached house 456 23.81%
Others, namely: 16 0.84%
Semi-detached house 178 9.30%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 30 63 47.62%
Attached house BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Detached house BEV-Driver 25 63 39.68%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 5 63 7.94%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 1112 1852 60.04%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 121 1852 6.53%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 431 1852 23.27%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 15 1852 0.81%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 173 1852 9.34%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 364 19.01%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 1500 78.33%
N/A 51 2.66%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 7 63 11.11%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 56 63 88.89%
N/A BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 357 1852 19.28%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 1444 1852 77.97%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 51 1852 2.75%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 26 41.27% 63
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 328 17.71% 1852
Heat pump BEV-Driver 24 38.10% 63
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 422 22.79% 1852
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 4 6.35% 63
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 54 2.92% 1852
Home battery BEV-Driver 10 15.87% 63
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 110 5.94% 1852
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 2 3.17% 63
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 27 1.46% 1852
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 25 39.68% 63
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 1158 62.53% 1852

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 1069 55.82%
Three cars or more 122 6.37%
Two cars 724 37.81%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 26 63 41.27%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 5 63 7.94%
Two cars BEV-Driver 32 63 50.79%
One car non-BEV-Driver 1043 1852 56.32%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 117 1852 6.32%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 692 1852 37.37%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 56 2.92%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 55 2.87%
Diesel 671 35.04%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 107 5.59%
I don’t know 4 0.21%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 196 10.23%
None of the vehicles above 5 0.26%
Petrol 783 40.89%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 38 1.98%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 3 56 5.36%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 0 56 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 5 56 8.93%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 7 56 12.50%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 41 56 73.21%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 8 1859 0.43%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 1 1859 0.05%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 21 1859 1.13%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 16 1859 0.86%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 1813 1859 97.53%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 12 1.42%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 27 3.19%
Diesel 328 38.77%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 34 4.02%
I don’t know 1 0.12%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 72 8.51%
None of the vehicles above 1 0.12%
Petrol 363 42.91%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 8 0.95%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 1 12 8.33%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 0 12 0.00%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 1 12 8.33%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 10 12 83.33%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 3 834 0.36%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 14 834 1.68%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 10 834 1.20%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 807 834 96.76%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 2 1.64%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 1 0.82%
Diesel 41 33.61%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 5 4.10%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 10 8.20%
Petrol 63 51.64%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 0 2 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 0 2 0.00%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 1 2 50.00%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 1 2 50.00%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 1 120 0.83%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 3 120 2.50%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 2 120 1.67%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 114 120 95.00%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 10 71 14.08%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 135 1881 7.18%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 7 71 9.86%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 45 1881 2.39%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 8 71 11.27%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 44 1881 2.34%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 3 71 4.23%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 8 1881 0.43%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 43 71 60.56%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 1649 1881 87.67%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Daily BEV-Driver 49 63 77.78%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 11 63 17.46%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 122 1852 6.59%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 1008 1852 54.43%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 22 1852 1.19%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 700 1852 37.80%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 8375.00
Median 12000.00
Mean 14504.05
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 70000.00
I don’t know (count) 584.00

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 6000.00
1st Qu. 12000.00
Median 15000.00
Mean 20031.25
3rd Qu. 25000.00
Max 70000.00
I don’t know (count) 8.00

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 8000.00
Median 12000.00
Mean 14279.22
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 70000.00
I don’t know (count) 576.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 1013 1896 53.43%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 440 1896 23.21%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 254 1896 13.40%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 106 1896 5.59%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 56 1896 2.95%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 39 70 55.71%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 27 1896 1.42%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 16 70 22.86%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 7 70 10.00%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 4 70 5.71%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 3 70 4.29%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 1 70 1.43%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 40.00000
Mean 57.00434
3rd Qu. 60.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 495.00000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 10.00000
1st Qu. 32.50000
Median 50.00000
Mean 87.05882
3rd Qu. 110.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 10.00000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.0000
1st Qu. 20.0000
Median 40.0000
Mean 55.8536
3rd Qu. 60.0000
Max 500.0000
I don’t know (count) 485.0000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 9.426893 8.372586 2.9601560
Home, on-street along public road 3.695718 6.402038 2.2634624
Employer’s car park 3.205483 4.167182 1.4733215
Along public roads on-street 2.254987 4.269640 1.5095456
Public car parking 1.547259 3.576195 1.2643759
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 1.397389 2.691815 0.9517002
Other places 1.433629 4.803869 1.6984241
Not parked/driving 1.038642 4.158978 1.4704207

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For commuting and work activities 55 87.30%
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 46 73.02%
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 46 73.02%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 27 42.86%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 19 63 30.16%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 14 63 22.22%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 11 63 17.46%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 18 63 28.57%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 337 1852 18.20%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 530 1852 28.62%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 345 1852 18.63%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 13 1852 0.70%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 190 1852 10.26%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 155 1852 8.37%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 282 1852 15.23%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 29 52 55.77%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 1 52 1.92%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 4 52 7.69%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 15 52 28.85%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 3 52 5.77%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 773 1662 46.51%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 74 1662 4.45%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 168 1662 10.11%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 446 1662 26.84%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 201 1662 12.09%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
Since <1 year 18 28.57%
Since 1-2 years 17 26.98%
Since 2-3 years 8 12.70%
Since 3-4 years 8 12.70%
Since 4-5 years 2 3.17%
Since longer than 5 years 10 15.87%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 18 85.71%
Second-hand 3 14.29%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 9 21.95%
€20.001 - €30.000 9 21.95%
€30.001 - €40.000 8 19.51%
€40.001 - €50.000 5 12.20%
€50.001 - €75.000 5 12.20%
Less than €10.000 2 4.88%
More than €75.000 3 7.32%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 13 23.21%
301 – 400 km 9 16.07%
401 – 500 km 18 32.14%
501 – 600 km 7 12.50%
More than 700 km 1 1.79%
Until 200 km 8 14.29%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 2 3.57%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 12 21.43%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 6 10.71%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 13 23.21%
Yes, this is achieved 23 41.07%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 21 37.50%
This is never enough 1 1.79%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 9 16.07%
This is usually enough 24 42.86%
This is usually not enough 1 1.79%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car is private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 3 50.00%
Second-hand 3 50.00%

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 3 30.00%
€20.001 - €30.000 3 30.00%
€40.001 - €50.000 1 10.00%
Less than €10.000 2 20.00%
More than €75.000 1 10.00%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car is private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€601 - €700 1 50.00%
Less than €500 1 50.00%

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 3 25.00%
301 – 400 km 4 33.33%
401 – 500 km 2 16.67%
I don’t know 1 8.33%
Until 200 km 2 16.67%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 2 18.18%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 1 9.09%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 2 18.18%
Yes, this is achieved 6 54.55%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 5 41.67%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 2 16.67%
This is usually enough 5 41.67%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 19.05 14.29 20.63 36.51 9.52
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 28.57 9.52 25.40 12.70 23.81
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 22.22 6.35 28.57 20.63 22.22
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 6.35 12.70 1.59 22.22 57.14
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 9.52 25.40 4.76 23.81 36.51
Normal household socket at home 7.94 11.11 9.52 25.40 46.03

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.7 0.21 0.11
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.54 0.24 0.22
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.33 0.21 0.48
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.14 0.21 0.65

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 14.29 22.22 7.94 14.29 25.4 15.87

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 50.79 14.29 12.70 9.52 3.17 6.35 1.59 1.59 0.00 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 15.87 30.16 12.70 11.11 14.29 11.11 1.59 3.17 0.00 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 6.35 11.11 15.87 17.46 20.63 7.94 14.29 6.35 0.00 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 1.59 7.94 12.70 15.87 11.11 15.87 22.22 11.11 1.59 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 4.76 6.35 11.11 15.87 17.46 23.81 9.52 11.11 0.00 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 7.94 20.63 15.87 12.70 6.35 22.22 9.52 4.76 0.00 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 0.00 1.59 6.35 12.70 12.70 6.35 34.92 23.81 1.59 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 11.11 6.35 12.70 4.76 14.29 6.35 6.35 36.51 1.59 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 1.59 1.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.59 95.24 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 22.22 9.52 12.70 30.16 9.52 9.52 6.35 0.00
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 36.51 3.17 11.11 33.33 1.59 9.52 4.76 0.00
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 20.63 9.52 22.22 19.05 14.29 4.76 7.94 1.59
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 12.70 1.59 20.63 25.40 9.52 15.87 9.52 4.76
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 15.87 6.35 33.33 15.87 22.22 3.17 1.59 1.59

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 28.57 7.94 3.17 36.51 7.94 12.70 1.59 1.59
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 20.63 12.70 12.70 30.16 11.11 7.94 3.17 1.59
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 22.22 6.35 12.70 31.75 9.52 17.46 0.00 0.00
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 30.16 0.00 4.76 20.63 7.94 33.33 1.59 1.59
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 19.05 4.76 23.81 28.57 9.52 6.35 6.35 1.59
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 19.05 4.76 12.70 28.57 7.94 7.94 7.94 11.11
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 19.05 12.70 19.05 14.29 11.11 4.76 15.87 3.17

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 12 19.05%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 21 33.33%
More than 1 hour 6 9.52%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 13 20.63%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 11 17.46%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 37 58.73%
Yes, multiple times 19 30.16%
Yes, once 7 11.11%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 2 7.69%
Easy 13 50.00%
Not easy, but not difficult either 5 19.23%
Very difficult 1 3.85%
Very easy 5 19.23%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 25.40 22.22 17.46 14.29 9.52 4.76 4.76 1.59
There are too few recharging stations along the way 17.46 25.40 15.87 19.05 12.70 9.52 0.00 0.00
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 4.76 17.46 28.57 19.05 11.11 4.76 14.29 0.00
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 25.40 7.94 6.35 17.46 20.63 19.05 1.59 1.59
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 7.94 12.70 7.94 17.46 23.81 20.63 9.52 0.00
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 3.17 7.94 14.29 7.94 14.29 30.16 20.63 1.59
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 11.11 4.76 7.94 4.76 7.94 11.11 47.62 4.76
Others 4.76 1.59 1.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.59 90.48

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 693 37.28%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 354 19.04%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 558 30.02%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 183 9.84%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 71 3.82%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Neutral BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Positive BEV-Driver 20 63 31.75%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Very negative BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Very positive BEV-Driver 39 63 61.90%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 46 1852 2.48%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 335 1852 18.09%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 395 1852 21.33%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 124 1852 6.70%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 389 1852 21.00%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 87 1852 4.70%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 476 1852 25.70%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 46 63 73.02%
Neutral BEV-Driver 3 63 4.76%
Not for me BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Something for me BEV-Driver 14 63 22.22%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 159 1852 8.59%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 291 1852 15.71%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 475 1852 25.65%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 239 1852 12.90%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 688 1852 37.15%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 271 56.69%
More information about recharging options 230 48.12%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 220 46.03%
Test drive 124 25.94%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 124 25.94%
None of the above 35 7.32%
Other: namely: … 4 0.84%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 262 13.68%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 153 7.99%
Economical to use 144 7.52%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 142 7.42%
Possible to drive using my own (locally produced) electricity, eg from my solar panels 58 3.03%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 293 15.30%
There are too few public recharging points 167 8.72%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 132 6.89%
There are too few public fast recharging points 85 4.44%
The yearly operation and maintenance costs are too high 84 4.39%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
5 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 62.50%
4 There are too few recharging stations along the way 50.00%
4 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 50.00%
4 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 50.00%
2 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 25.00%
1 I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 12.50%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 5 63 7.94%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 18 63 28.57%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 19 63 30.16%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 13 63 20.63%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 5 63 7.94%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 47 1852 2.54%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 45 1852 2.43%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 319 1852 17.22%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 531 1852 28.67%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 449 1852 24.24%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 313 1852 16.90%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 148 1852 7.99%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 55 62 88.71%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 0 62 0.00%
Diesel BEV-Driver 1 62 1.61%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 2 62 3.23%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 1 62 1.61%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 0 62 0.00%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 0 62 0.00%
Petrol BEV-Driver 0 62 0.00%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 3 62 4.84%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 255 1807 14.11%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 22 1807 1.22%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 143 1807 7.91%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 388 1807 21.47%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 336 1807 18.59%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 114 1807 6.31%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 5 1807 0.28%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 196 1807 10.85%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 348 1807 19.26%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 297 19.14%
No 287 18.49%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 285 18.36%
Yes, within 0-2 years 165 10.63%
Yes, within 2-3 years 206 13.27%
Yes, within 3-5 years 181 11.66%
Yes, within 5-10 years 131 8.44%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 400 58.57%
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 346 50.66%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 238 34.85%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 219 32.06%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 137 20.06%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 94 13.76%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 63 9.22%
Other, namely: … 12 1.76%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 707 38.17%
A sufficient driving range 527 28.46%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 437 23.60%
The exemption [after 2024] from road taxes 400 21.60%
A sufficiently dense public recharging network 383 20.68%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 47 62 75.81%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 9 62 14.52%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 5 62 8.06%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 1 62 1.61%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 893 1807 49.42%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 426 1807 23.57%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 106 1807 5.87%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 382 1807 21.14%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 15000.00
Mean 16590.93
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 70000.00
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 606.00

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 13000.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 19954.32
3rd Qu. 25000.00
Max 80000.00
No interest in BEV (count) 508.00

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 62 0.00%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 7 62 11.29%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 0 62 0.00%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 22 62 35.48%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 16 62 25.81%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 13 62 20.97%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 4 62 6.45%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 186 1807 10.29%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 288 1807 15.94%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 162 1807 8.97%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 385 1807 21.31%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 334 1807 18.48%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 199 1807 11.01%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 253 1807 14.00%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 4 63 6.35%
2030 BEV-Driver 14 63 22.22%
2035 BEV-Driver 25 63 39.68%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 14 63 22.22%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 5 63 7.94%
Never BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 84 1852 4.54%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 309 1852 16.68%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 536 1852 28.94%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 347 1852 18.74%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 400 1852 21.60%
Never non-BEV-Driver 176 1852 9.50%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 816 42.61%
Purchase subsidy new electric car 480 25.07%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 343 17.91%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 285 14.88%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 277 14.46%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 136 7.10%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 131 6.84%
Others, namely: … 10 0.52%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 41 63 65.08%
Yes BEV-Driver 22 63 34.92%
No non-BEV-Driver 1454 1852 78.51%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 398 1852 21.49%