Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 31 321 9.66%
Male BEV-Driver 290 321 90.34%
Other BEV-Driver 0 321 0.00%
Female non-BEV-Driver 866 1621 53.42%
Male non-BEV-Driver 751 1621 46.33%
Other non-BEV-Driver 4 1621 0.25%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 12 321 3.74%
35-55 BEV-Driver 204 321 63.55%
55+ BEV-Driver 105 321 32.71%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 535 1621 33.00%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 664 1621 40.96%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 422 1621 26.03%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 7 321 2.18%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 183 321 57.01%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 131 321 40.81%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 43 1621 2.65%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 1154 1621 71.19%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 424 1621 26.16%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 551 28.37%
≥ 6000 € 25 1.29%
2000-3999 € 389 20.03%
4000-5999 € 87 4.48%
800-1999 € 890 45.83%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 37 321 11.53%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 14 321 4.36%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 107 321 33.33%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 26 321 8.10%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 137 321 42.68%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 514 1621 31.71%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 11 1621 0.68%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 282 1621 17.40%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 61 1621 3.76%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 753 1621 46.45%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 209 10.76%
I live with family 290 14.93%
I live with others: co-housing 21 1.08%
Married or living together with child(ren) 980 50.46%
Married or living together without children 359 18.49%
Other housing situation, namely: 13 0.67%
Single parent with child(ren) 70 3.60%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 15 321 4.67%
I live with family BEV-Driver 58 321 18.07%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 2 321 0.62%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 209 321 65.11%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 31 321 9.66%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 0 321 0.00%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 6 321 1.87%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 194 1621 11.97%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 232 1621 14.31%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 19 1621 1.17%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 771 1621 47.56%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 328 1621 20.23%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 13 1621 0.80%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 64 1621 3.95%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 598 30.79%
Attached house 59 3.04%
Detached house 1215 62.56%
Others, namely: 20 1.03%
Semi-detached house 50 2.57%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 42 321 13.08%
Attached house BEV-Driver 8 321 2.49%
Detached house BEV-Driver 254 321 79.13%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 2 321 0.62%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 15 321 4.67%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 556 1621 34.30%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 51 1621 3.15%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 961 1621 59.28%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 18 1621 1.11%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 35 1621 2.16%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 222 11.43%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 1661 85.53%
N/A 59 3.04%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 9 321 2.80%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 306 321 95.33%
N/A BEV-Driver 6 321 1.87%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 213 1621 13.14%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 1355 1621 83.59%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 53 1621 3.27%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 229 71.34% 321
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 207 12.77% 1621
Heat pump BEV-Driver 78 24.30% 321
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 139 8.57% 1621
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 9 2.80% 321
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 39 2.41% 1621
Home battery BEV-Driver 25 7.79% 321
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 180 11.10% 1621
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 15 4.67% 321
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 32 1.97% 1621
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 72 22.43% 321
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 1201 74.09% 1621

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 1136 58.50%
Three cars or more 141 7.26%
Two cars 665 34.24%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 62 321 19.31%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 61 321 19.00%
Two cars BEV-Driver 198 321 61.68%
One car non-BEV-Driver 1074 1621 66.26%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 80 1621 4.94%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 467 1621 28.81%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 301 15.50%
Diesel 375 19.31%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 42 2.16%
I don’t know 1 0.05%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 4 0.21%
None of the vehicles above 4 0.21%
Petrol 1161 59.78%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 54 2.78%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 40 301 13.29%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 1 301 0.33%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 21 301 6.98%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 16 301 5.32%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 223 301 74.09%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 8 1641 0.49%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 44 1641 2.68%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 53 1641 3.23%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 17 1641 1.04%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 1519 1641 92.57%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 80 9.93%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 1 0.12%
Diesel 266 33.00%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 36 4.47%
I don’t know 1 0.12%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 4 0.50%
Petrol 398 49.38%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 20 2.48%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 9 80 11.25%
Car sharing 2nd car is BEV 1 80 1.25%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 7 80 8.75%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 4 80 5.00%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 59 80 73.75%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 10 726 1.38%
Car sharing 2nd car NOT BEV 19 726 2.62%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 32 726 4.41%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 11 726 1.52%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 654 726 90.08%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 10 7.09%
Diesel 47 33.33%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 3 2.13%
I don’t know 1 0.71%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2 1.42%
Petrol 75 53.19%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 3 2.13%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 2 10 20.00%
Car sharing 3rd car is BEV 0 10 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 1 10 10.00%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 0 10 0.00%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 7 10 70.00%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 3 131 2.29%
Car sharing 3rd car NOT BEV 1 131 0.76%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 5 131 3.82%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 2 131 1.53%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 120 131 91.60%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 14 329 4.26%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 130 1660 7.83%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 18 329 5.47%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 48 1660 2.89%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 17 329 5.17%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 214 1660 12.89%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 11 329 3.34%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 11 1660 0.66%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 269 329 81.76%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 1257 1660 75.72%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 3 321 0.93%
Daily BEV-Driver 262 321 81.62%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 0 321 0.00%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 56 321 17.45%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 166 1621 10.24%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 783 1621 48.30%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 37 1621 2.28%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 635 1621 39.17%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.0
1st Qu. 8000.0
Median 14500.0
Mean 16330.9
3rd Qu. 20000.0
Max 75000.0
I don’t know (count) 554.0

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 15000.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 22769.62
3rd Qu. 30000.00
Max 75000.00
I don’t know (count) 21.00

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 6000.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 14453.74
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 72000.00
I don’t know (count) 533.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 1040 1639 63.45%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 283 347 81.56%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 222 1639 13.54%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 200 1639 12.20%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 123 1639 7.50%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 31 1639 1.89%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 30 347 8.65%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 23 1639 1.40%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 21 347 6.05%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 7 347 2.02%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 4 347 1.15%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 2 347 0.58%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.0000
1st Qu. 30.0000
Median 50.0000
Mean 88.9143
3rd Qu. 104.2500
Max 500.0000
I don’t know (count) 259.0000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 10.0000
1st Qu. 50.0000
Median 85.0000
Mean 119.9801
3rd Qu. 150.0000
Max 500.0000
I don’t know (count) 11.0000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 25.00000
Median 50.00000
Mean 81.83573
3rd Qu. 100.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 248.00000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 11.9892894 7.861374 2.7794153
Home, on-street along public road 3.1745623 5.926209 2.0952312
Employer’s car park 3.2584964 4.256264 1.5048166
Along public roads on-street 1.5506179 3.441662 1.2168112
Public car parking 1.6528836 3.779593 1.3362881
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 0.7180742 1.428242 0.5049597
Other places 0.3543254 2.204054 0.7792509
Not parked/driving 1.3017508 3.499001 1.2370836

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For commuting and work activities 275 85.67%
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 267 83.18%
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 243 75.70%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 102 31.78%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 124 321 38.63%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 73 321 22.74%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 4 321 1.25%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 1 321 0.31%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 5 321 1.56%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 108 321 33.64%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 6 321 1.87%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 323 1621 19.93%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 536 1621 33.07%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 222 1621 13.70%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 29 1621 1.79%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 97 1621 5.98%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 181 1621 11.17%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 233 1621 14.37%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 46 316 14.56%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 43 316 13.61%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 58 316 18.35%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 83 316 26.27%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 86 316 27.22%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 159 1524 10.43%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 313 1524 20.54%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 182 1524 11.94%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 263 1524 17.26%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 607 1524 39.83%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
Since <1 year 56 17.45%
Since 1-2 years 76 23.68%
Since 2-3 years 41 12.77%
Since 3-4 years 55 17.13%
Since 4-5 years 45 14.02%
Since longer than 5 years 48 14.95%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 75 49.02%
Second-hand 78 50.98%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 79 35.43%
€20.001 - €30.000 59 26.46%
€30.001 - €40.000 30 13.45%
€40.001 - €50.000 17 7.62%
€50.001 - €75.000 6 2.69%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 5 2.24%
Less than €10.000 20 8.97%
More than €75.000 7 3.14%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 96 31.89%
301 – 400 km 62 20.60%
401 – 500 km 62 20.60%
501 – 600 km 8 2.66%
601 – 700 km 5 1.66%
Until 200 km 68 22.59%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 3 1.00%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 72 23.92%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 63 20.93%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 47 15.61%
Yes, this is achieved 116 38.54%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 81 26.91%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 40 13.29%
This is usually enough 178 59.14%
This is usually not enough 2 0.66%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car is private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 18 39.13%
Second-hand 28 60.87%

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 23 38.98%
€20.001 - €30.000 14 23.73%
€30.001 - €40.000 5 8.47%
€40.001 - €50.000 5 8.47%
€50.001 - €75.000 1 1.69%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 2 3.39%
Less than €10.000 9 15.25%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car is private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 2 15.38%
€601 - €700 1 7.69%
€701 - €800 1 7.69%
€801 - €900 1 7.69%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 2 15.38%
Less than €500 5 38.46%
More than €1000 1 7.69%

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 25 31.25%
301 – 400 km 10 12.50%
401 – 500 km 8 10.00%
501 – 600 km 3 3.75%
Until 200 km 34 42.50%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 19 23.75%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 15 18.75%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 15 18.75%
Yes, this is achieved 31 38.75%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 25 31.25%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 7 8.75%
This is usually enough 44 55.00%
This is usually not enough 4 5.00%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 23.36 2.80 43.93 10.59 19.31
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 23.36 1.25 42.99 6.54 25.86
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 24.61 3.74 41.43 8.72 21.50
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 9.03 4.36 6.85 9.66 70.09
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 11.53 12.15 4.36 26.79 45.17
Normal household socket at home 12.77 19.31 14.02 21.81 32.09

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.48 0.17 0.37
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.56 0.22 0.26
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.36 0.15 0.5
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.05 0.04 0.91

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 5.61 6.54 7.79 8.41 38.94 32.71

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 37.38 20.87 12.46 11.53 5.61 4.98 3.74 2.49 0.93 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 10.59 23.99 22.12 17.76 14.64 6.85 3.74 0.31 0.00 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 16.51 13.08 20.87 11.53 13.71 10.90 7.17 6.23 0.00 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 4.05 4.36 6.54 18.07 17.45 18.38 14.02 15.26 1.87 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 7.79 9.66 7.48 12.46 21.50 20.25 15.58 4.98 0.31 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 12.77 15.26 14.33 12.15 9.03 19.63 11.53 5.30 0.00 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 2.18 4.67 4.67 6.54 5.61 9.03 33.33 30.53 3.43 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 5.61 7.79 10.59 9.97 12.46 9.35 9.97 33.33 0.93 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 3.12 0.31 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.93 1.56 92.52 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 33.96 11.21 10.28 22.12 9.66 4.36 5.30 3.12
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 31.15 10.90 12.77 25.55 9.97 3.12 3.43 3.12
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 29.28 15.26 11.84 19.94 10.59 4.05 5.92 3.12
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 26.79 13.71 14.33 11.21 8.10 7.48 13.40 4.98
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 14.95 15.89 17.13 21.18 15.26 4.98 7.17 3.43

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 45.79 4.67 6.54 14.02 8.10 14.64 3.43 2.80
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 22.74 14.64 9.66 23.68 16.51 3.74 7.48 1.56
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 47.04 4.36 4.98 18.38 5.92 16.20 1.25 1.87
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 53.89 0.62 1.56 4.67 1.25 34.89 1.56 1.56
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 19.00 12.46 14.33 27.10 13.08 3.12 9.03 1.87
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 22.12 8.72 20.56 20.56 11.84 4.05 6.23 5.92
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 21.50 16.20 19.00 13.08 9.35 7.17 11.53 2.18

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 69 21.50%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 116 36.14%
More than 1 hour 16 4.98%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 62 19.31%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 58 18.07%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 170 52.96%
Yes, multiple times 90 28.04%
Yes, once 61 19.00%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 10 6.62%
Easy 51 33.77%
Not applicable (did not recharge my car abroad) 9 5.96%
Not easy, but not difficult either 51 33.77%
Very difficult 3 1.99%
Very easy 27 17.88%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 28.97 18.38 12.15 13.08 9.66 9.35 7.79 0.62
There are too few recharging stations along the way 8.41 22.43 20.25 11.84 14.33 13.40 9.03 0.31
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 14.02 17.76 23.05 20.25 8.41 9.03 6.54 0.93
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 23.68 13.08 10.28 25.23 16.20 5.30 5.30 0.93
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 3.12 15.26 10.28 13.40 30.84 18.69 8.10 0.31
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 2.80 5.61 13.40 6.23 12.46 34.89 22.43 2.18
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 11.84 6.85 10.59 8.72 7.79 8.72 39.56 5.92
Others 7.17 0.62 0.00 1.25 0.31 0.62 1.25 88.79

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 436 26.57%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 192 11.70%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 801 48.81%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 102 6.22%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 110 6.70%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 0 321 0.00%
Neutral BEV-Driver 2 321 0.62%
Positive BEV-Driver 57 321 17.76%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 2 321 0.62%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 4 321 1.25%
Very negative BEV-Driver 0 321 0.00%
Very positive BEV-Driver 256 321 79.75%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 45 1621 2.78%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 401 1621 24.74%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 440 1621 27.14%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 98 1621 6.05%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 300 1621 18.51%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 46 1621 2.84%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 291 1621 17.95%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 0 321 0.00%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 252 321 78.50%
Neutral BEV-Driver 3 321 0.93%
Not for me BEV-Driver 0 321 0.00%
Something for me BEV-Driver 66 321 20.56%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 86 1621 5.31%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 232 1621 14.31%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 686 1621 42.32%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 124 1621 7.65%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 493 1621 30.41%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 319 46.30%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 315 45.72%
Test drive 274 39.77%
More information about recharging options 234 33.96%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 144 20.90%
None of the above 50 7.26%
Other: namely: … 38 5.52%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 332 17.10%
Economical to use 325 16.74%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 313 16.12%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 312 16.07%
To prepare for or keep up with the technology of the future 171 8.81%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 514 26.47%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 190 9.78%
There are too few public recharging points 185 9.53%
The driving range is still insufficient / I can’t drive far enough 172 8.86%
The yearly operation and maintenance costs are too high 137 7.05%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
11 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 57.89%
10 There are too few recharging stations along the way 52.63%
9 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 47.37%
8 I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 42.11%
7 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 36.84%
5 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 26.32%
2 I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 10.53%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 14 320 4.37%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 13 320 4.06%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 44 320 13.75%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 71 320 22.19%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 56 320 17.50%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 75 320 23.44%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 47 320 14.69%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 37 1620 2.28%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 105 1620 6.48%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 250 1620 15.43%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 347 1620 21.42%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 366 1620 22.59%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 305 1620 18.83%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 210 1620 12.96%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 263 308 85.39%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 0 308 0.00%
Diesel BEV-Driver 2 308 0.65%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 2 308 0.65%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 12 308 3.90%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 0 308 0.00%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 0 308 0.00%
Petrol BEV-Driver 5 308 1.62%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 24 308 7.79%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 198 1516 13.06%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 5 1516 0.33%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 135 1516 8.91%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 238 1516 15.70%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 238 1516 15.70%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 8 1516 0.53%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 1 1516 0.07%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 507 1516 33.44%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 186 1516 12.27%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 156 11.84%
No 212 16.08%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 340 25.80%
Yes, within 0-2 years 70 5.31%
Yes, within 2-3 years 128 9.71%
Yes, within 3-5 years 174 13.20%
Yes, within 5-10 years 238 18.06%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 390 63.93%
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 297 48.69%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 244 40.00%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 227 37.21%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 197 32.30%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 64 10.49%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 64 10.49%
Other, namely: … 9 1.48%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 769 47.44%
A sufficient driving range 626 38.62%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 381 23.50%
A sufficiently dense public recharging network 359 22.15%
The exemption [after 2024] from road taxes 255 15.73%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 159 308 51.62%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 136 308 44.16%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 1 308 0.32%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 12 308 3.90%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 429 1516 28.30%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 675 1516 44.53%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 60 1516 3.96%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 352 1516 23.22%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.000
1st Qu. 2500.000
Median 5000.000
Mean 9308.879
3rd Qu. 12000.000
Max 100000.000
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 761.000

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 4250.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 16235.13
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in BEV (count) 582.00

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 2 308 0.65%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 32 308 10.39%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 7 308 2.27%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 85 308 27.60%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 119 308 38.64%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 42 308 13.64%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 21 308 6.82%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 110 1516 7.26%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 213 1516 14.05%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 141 1516 9.30%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 288 1516 19.00%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 330 1516 21.77%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 202 1516 13.32%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 232 1516 15.30%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 4 321 1.25%
2030 BEV-Driver 23 321 7.17%
2035 BEV-Driver 89 321 27.73%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 115 321 35.83%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 48 321 14.95%
Never BEV-Driver 42 321 13.08%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 31 1621 1.91%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 125 1621 7.71%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 319 1621 19.68%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 542 1621 33.44%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 272 1621 16.78%
Never non-BEV-Driver 332 1621 20.48%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 740 38.11%
Purchase subsidy new electric car 589 30.33%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 310 15.96%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 302 15.55%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 265 13.65%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 150 7.72%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 141 7.26%
Others, namely: … 85 4.38%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 302 321 94.08%
Yes BEV-Driver 19 321 5.92%
No non-BEV-Driver 1319 1621 81.37%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 302 1621 18.63%