Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 34 94 36.17%
Male BEV-Driver 60 94 63.83%
Other BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
Female non-BEV-Driver 838 1707 49.09%
Male non-BEV-Driver 866 1707 50.73%
Other non-BEV-Driver 3 1707 0.18%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 15 94 15.96%
35-55 BEV-Driver 44 94 46.81%
55+ BEV-Driver 35 94 37.23%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 357 1707 20.91%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 615 1707 36.03%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 735 1707 43.06%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 1 94 1.06%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 44 94 46.81%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 49 94 52.13%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 50 1707 2.93%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 1220 1707 71.47%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 437 1707 25.60%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 66 3.66%
≥ 6000 € 142 7.88%
2000-3999 € 794 44.09%
4000-5999 € 366 20.32%
800-1999 € 433 24.04%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 2 94 2.13%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 30 94 31.91%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 33 94 35.11%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 24 94 25.53%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 5 94 5.32%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 64 1707 3.75%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 112 1707 6.56%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 761 1707 44.58%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 342 1707 20.04%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 428 1707 25.07%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 445 24.71%
I live with family 126 7.00%
I live with others: co-housing 32 1.78%
Married or living together with child(ren) 478 26.54%
Married or living together without children 657 36.48%
Other housing situation, namely: 3 0.17%
Single parent with child(ren) 60 3.33%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 12 94 12.77%
I live with family BEV-Driver 7 94 7.45%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 38 94 40.43%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 34 94 36.17%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 3 94 3.19%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 433 1707 25.37%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 119 1707 6.97%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 32 1707 1.87%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 440 1707 25.78%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 623 1707 36.50%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 3 1707 0.18%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 57 1707 3.34%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 801 44.48%
Attached house 183 10.16%
Detached house 627 34.81%
Others, namely: 20 1.11%
Semi-detached house 170 9.44%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 21 94 22.34%
Attached house BEV-Driver 7 94 7.45%
Detached house BEV-Driver 56 94 59.57%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 10 94 10.64%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 780 1707 45.69%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 176 1707 10.31%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 571 1707 33.45%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 20 1707 1.17%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 160 1707 9.37%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 912 50.64%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 861 47.81%
N/A 28 1.55%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 21 94 22.34%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 68 94 72.34%
N/A BEV-Driver 5 94 5.32%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 891 1707 52.20%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 793 1707 46.46%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 23 1707 1.35%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 41 43.62% 94
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 275 16.11% 1707
Heat pump BEV-Driver 17 18.09% 94
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 178 10.43% 1707
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 3 3.19% 94
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 34 1.99% 1707
Home battery BEV-Driver 23 24.47% 94
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 134 7.85% 1707
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 3 3.19% 94
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 35 2.05% 1707
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 43 45.74% 94
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 1239 72.58% 1707

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 1226 68.07%
Three cars or more 92 5.11%
Two cars 483 26.82%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 40 94 42.55%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 15 94 15.96%
Two cars BEV-Driver 39 94 41.49%
One car non-BEV-Driver 1186 1707 69.48%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 77 1707 4.51%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 444 1707 26.01%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 83 4.61%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 11 0.61%
Diesel 374 20.77%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 44 2.44%
I don’t know 2 0.11%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 13 0.72%
None of the vehicles above 4 0.22%
Petrol 1235 68.57%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 35 1.94%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 5 83 6.02%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 0 83 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 5 83 6.02%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 18 83 21.69%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 55 83 66.27%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 7 1718 0.41%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 1 1718 0.06%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 48 1718 2.79%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 104 1718 6.05%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 1558 1718 90.69%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 23 4.00%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 1 0.17%
Diesel 143 24.87%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 10 1.74%
I don’t know 1 0.17%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 3 0.52%
Petrol 386 67.13%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 8 1.39%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 1 23 4.35%
Car sharing 2nd car is BEV 0 23 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 3 23 13.04%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 6 23 26.09%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 13 23 56.52%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 5 552 0.91%
Car sharing 2nd car NOT BEV 3 552 0.54%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 25 552 4.53%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 37 552 6.70%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 482 552 87.32%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 1 1.09%
Diesel 22 23.91%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 1 1.09%
Petrol 68 73.91%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 1 1 100.00%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 1 91 1.10%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 1 91 1.10%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 3 91 3.30%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 86 91 94.51%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 8 98 8.16%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 153 1766 8.66%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 17 98 17.35%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 49 1766 2.77%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 1 98 1.02%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 121 1766 6.85%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 6 98 6.12%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 11 1766 0.62%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 66 98 67.35%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 1432 1766 81.09%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 6 94 6.38%
Daily BEV-Driver 37 94 39.36%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 51 94 54.26%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 144 1707 8.44%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 733 1707 42.94%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 12 1707 0.70%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 818 1707 47.92%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 7000.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 13044.85
3rd Qu. 15000.00
Max 75000.00
I don’t know (count) 356.00

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 8000.00
Median 12500.00
Mean 15643.24
3rd Qu. 19500.00
Max 70000.00
I don’t know (count) 8.00

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 7000.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 12896.26
3rd Qu. 15000.00
Max 75000.00
I don’t know (count) 348.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 1033 1730 59.71%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 335 1730 19.36%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 213 1730 12.31%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 79 103 76.70%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 74 1730 4.28%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 63 1730 3.64%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 12 1730 0.69%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 10 103 9.71%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 10 103 9.71%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 2 103 1.94%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 1 103 0.97%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 1 103 0.97%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 40.00000
Mean 65.11254
3rd Qu. 70.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 352.00000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.0000
1st Qu. 30.0000
Median 50.0000
Mean 100.6941
3rd Qu. 100.0000
Max 500.0000
I don’t know (count) 8.0000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 38.00000
Mean 62.81956
3rd Qu. 70.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 344.00000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 13.1016102 8.463300 2.9922284
Home, on-street along public road 2.6346474 6.030644 2.1321546
Employer’s car park 2.7956691 4.032287 1.4256287
Along public roads on-street 1.6718490 4.383369 1.5497550
Public car parking 1.3735702 3.274727 1.1577907
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 0.8284009 1.726657 0.6104654
Other places 0.4326763 2.366743 0.8367700
Not parked/driving 1.1615769 3.372323 1.1922960

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 85 90.43%
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 78 82.98%
For commuting and work activities 64 68.09%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 40 42.55%
Others, namely: … 5 5.32%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 48 94 51.06%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 14 94 14.89%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 1 94 1.06%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 2 94 2.13%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 29 94 30.85%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 359 1707 21.03%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 604 1707 35.38%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 338 1707 19.80%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 16 1707 0.94%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 16 1707 0.94%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 166 1707 9.72%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 208 1707 12.19%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 28 92 30.43%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 1 92 1.09%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 21 92 22.83%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 31 92 33.70%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 11 92 11.96%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 380 1691 22.47%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 189 1691 11.18%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 346 1691 20.46%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 351 1691 20.76%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 425 1691 25.13%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
Since <1 year 16 17.02%
Since 1-2 years 43 45.74%
Since 2-3 years 15 15.96%
Since 3-4 years 6 6.38%
Since 4-5 years 5 5.32%
Since longer than 5 years 9 9.57%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 26 78.79%
Second-hand 7 21.21%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 8 14.55%
€20.001 - €30.000 4 7.27%
€30.001 - €40.000 14 25.45%
€40.001 - €50.000 13 23.64%
€50.001 - €75.000 7 12.73%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 3 5.45%
Less than €10.000 2 3.64%
More than €75.000 4 7.27%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 1 4.35%
€601 - €700 1 4.35%
€701 - €800 1 4.35%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 4.35%
Less than €500 19 82.61%

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 13 15.66%
301 – 400 km 25 30.12%
401 – 500 km 19 22.89%
501 – 600 km 12 14.46%
601 – 700 km 3 3.61%
I don’t know 2 2.41%
More than 700 km 1 1.20%
Until 200 km 8 9.64%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 2 2.47%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 23 28.40%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 8 9.88%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 18 22.22%
Yes, this is achieved 30 37.04%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 31 37.35%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 10 12.05%
This is usually enough 42 50.60%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car is private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 7 70.00%
Second-hand 3 30.00%

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 2 15.38%
€20.001 - €30.000 4 30.77%
€30.001 - €40.000 2 15.38%
€40.001 - €50.000 1 7.69%
€50.001 - €75.000 2 15.38%
Less than €10.000 2 15.38%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car is private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€601 - €700 1 14.29%
Less than €500 6 85.71%

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 11 47.83%
301 – 400 km 4 17.39%
401 – 500 km 2 8.70%
501 – 600 km 1 4.35%
601 – 700 km 1 4.35%
I don’t know 1 4.35%
Until 200 km 3 13.04%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 1 4.55%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 7 31.82%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 4 18.18%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 3 13.64%
Yes, this is achieved 7 31.82%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 11 47.83%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 3 13.04%
This is usually enough 9 39.13%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 26.60 5.32 30.85 7.45 29.79
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 17.02 2.13 39.36 7.45 34.04
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 17.02 0.00 39.36 5.32 38.30
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 9.57 5.32 14.89 19.15 51.06
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 21.28 10.64 6.38 24.47 37.23
Normal household socket at home 11.70 4.26 13.83 9.57 60.64

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.59 0.16 0.28
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.53 0.19 0.32
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.35 0.2 0.47
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.11 0.1 0.82

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 9.57 7.45 1.06 18.09 32.98 30.85

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 42.55 18.09 14.89 10.64 5.32 3.19 1.06 3.19 1.06 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 17.02 29.79 17.02 5.32 13.83 8.51 5.32 2.13 1.06 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 7.45 18.09 17.02 11.70 15.96 10.64 14.89 3.19 1.06 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 6.38 6.38 7.45 14.89 12.77 17.02 23.40 10.64 1.06 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 3.19 4.26 14.89 10.64 21.28 21.28 13.83 9.57 1.06 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 12.77 11.70 10.64 19.15 14.89 17.02 8.51 5.32 0.00 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 2.13 4.26 8.51 10.64 5.32 10.64 20.21 37.23 1.06 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 3.19 7.45 9.57 17.02 10.64 11.70 11.70 27.66 1.06 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 5.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.06 1.06 92.55 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 18.09 11.70 13.83 15.96 8.51 11.70 9.57 10.64
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 31.91 2.13 13.83 18.09 2.13 17.02 3.19 11.70
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 22.34 5.32 13.83 24.47 6.38 14.89 4.26 8.51
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 14.89 8.51 15.96 12.77 6.38 19.15 13.83 8.51
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 20.21 8.51 23.40 18.09 11.70 6.38 4.26 7.45

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 29.79 2.13 9.57 20.21 9.57 19.15 4.26 5.32
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 23.40 9.57 20.21 13.83 10.64 10.64 6.38 5.32
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 37.23 4.26 8.51 20.21 1.06 20.21 3.19 5.32
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 20.21 5.32 6.38 11.70 2.13 47.87 1.06 5.32
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 22.34 9.57 17.02 19.15 8.51 9.57 7.45 6.38
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 29.79 3.19 12.77 27.66 3.19 9.57 7.45 6.38
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 13.83 14.89 20.21 20.21 6.38 9.57 9.57 5.32

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 20 21.28%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 43 45.74%
More than 1 hour 5 5.32%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 17 18.09%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 9 9.57%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 55 58.51%
Yes, multiple times 24 25.53%
Yes, once 15 15.96%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 7 17.95%
Easy 12 30.77%
Not easy, but not difficult either 11 28.21%
Very difficult 2 5.13%
Very easy 7 17.95%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 19.15 32.98 7.45 11.70 4.26 9.57 14.89 0.00
There are too few recharging stations along the way 18.09 19.15 29.79 10.64 13.83 4.26 4.26 0.00
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 10.64 13.83 21.28 26.60 13.83 9.57 4.26 0.00
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 22.34 9.57 11.70 14.89 17.02 18.09 6.38 0.00
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 6.38 14.89 11.70 15.96 26.60 14.89 7.45 2.13
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 7.45 6.38 11.70 9.57 13.83 28.72 21.28 1.06
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 7.45 2.13 5.32 10.64 10.64 14.89 41.49 7.45
Others 8.51 1.06 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 89.36

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 513 29.86%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 251 14.61%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 672 39.12%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 206 11.99%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 76 4.42%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 1 94 1.06%
Neutral BEV-Driver 3 94 3.19%
Positive BEV-Driver 27 94 28.72%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 5 94 5.32%
Very negative BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
Very positive BEV-Driver 58 94 61.70%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 154 1707 9.02%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 372 1707 21.79%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 311 1707 18.22%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 189 1707 11.07%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 291 1707 17.05%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 190 1707 11.13%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 200 1707 11.72%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 81 94 86.17%
Neutral BEV-Driver 6 94 6.38%
Not for me BEV-Driver 0 94 0.00%
Something for me BEV-Driver 7 94 7.45%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 313 1707 18.34%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 210 1707 12.30%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 445 1707 26.07%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 321 1707 18.80%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 418 1707 24.49%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 210 46.56%
More information about recharging options 184 40.80%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 172 38.14%
Test drive 144 31.93%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 121 26.83%
None of the above 72 15.96%
Other: namely: … 17 3.77%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 219 12.16%
Economical to use 171 9.49%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 129 7.16%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 116 6.44%
Convenience of your own parking space with recharging station 63 3.50%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 276 15.32%
There are too few public recharging points 172 9.55%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 160 8.88%
The driving range is still insufficient / I can’t drive far enough 97 5.39%
There are too few public fast recharging points 90 5.00%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
5 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 71.43%
4 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 57.14%
3 There are too few recharging stations along the way 42.86%
3 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 42.86%
2 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 28.57%
2 Other, namely… 28.57%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 3 94 3.19%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 7 94 7.45%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 14 94 14.89%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 24 94 25.53%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 17 94 18.09%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 22 94 23.40%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 7 94 7.45%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 42 1706 2.46%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 123 1706 7.21%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 311 1706 18.23%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 327 1706 19.17%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 377 1706 22.10%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 347 1706 20.34%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 179 1706 10.49%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 75 87 86.21%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 0 87 0.00%
Diesel BEV-Driver 0 87 0.00%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 0 87 0.00%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 5 87 5.75%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 0 87 0.00%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 0 87 0.00%
Petrol BEV-Driver 2 87 2.30%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 5 87 5.75%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 252 1584 15.91%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 14 1584 0.88%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 102 1584 6.44%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 188 1584 11.87%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 322 1584 20.33%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 18 1584 1.14%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 12 1584 0.76%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 503 1584 31.76%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 173 1584 10.92%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 232 17.42%
No 459 34.46%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 182 13.66%
Yes, within 0-2 years 50 3.75%
Yes, within 2-3 years 134 10.06%
Yes, within 3-5 years 153 11.49%
Yes, within 5-10 years 122 9.16%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 257 55.99%
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 221 48.15%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 190 41.39%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 186 40.52%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 138 30.07%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 54 11.76%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 47 10.24%
Other, namely: … 19 4.14%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficient driving range 553 32.40%
A sufficiently dense public recharging network 450 26.36%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 413 24.19%
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 350 20.50%
When I know for sure the energy network can handle it 271 15.88%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 69 87 79.31%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 15 87 17.24%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 3 87 3.45%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 0 87 0.00%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 522 1584 32.95%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 494 1584 31.19%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 95 1584 6.00%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 473 1584 29.86%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 21694.09
3rd Qu. 30000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 572.00

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 15000.00
Median 25000.00
Mean 25656.64
3rd Qu. 35000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in BEV (count) 750.00

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 87 0.00%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 7 87 8.05%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 2 87 2.30%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 22 87 25.29%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 31 87 35.63%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 24 87 27.59%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 1 87 1.15%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 94 1584 5.93%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 132 1584 8.33%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 48 1584 3.03%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 274 1584 17.30%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 380 1584 23.99%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 314 1584 19.82%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 342 1584 21.59%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 2 94 2.13%
2030 BEV-Driver 20 94 21.28%
2035 BEV-Driver 38 94 40.43%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 12 94 12.77%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 10 94 10.64%
Never BEV-Driver 12 94 12.77%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 61 1707 3.57%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 180 1707 10.54%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 363 1707 21.27%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 338 1707 19.80%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 427 1707 25.01%
Never non-BEV-Driver 338 1707 19.80%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Purchase subsidy new electric car 703 39.03%
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 578 32.09%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 316 17.55%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 192 10.66%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 173 9.61%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 139 7.72%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 81 4.50%
Others, namely: … 31 1.72%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 80 94 85.11%
Yes BEV-Driver 14 94 14.89%
No non-BEV-Driver 1407 1707 82.43%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 300 1707 17.57%