Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 51 274 18.61%
Male BEV-Driver 222 274 81.02%
Other BEV-Driver 1 274 0.36%
Female non-BEV-Driver 888 1663 53.40%
Male non-BEV-Driver 773 1663 46.48%
Other non-BEV-Driver 2 1663 0.12%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 39 274 14.23%
35-55 BEV-Driver 147 274 53.65%
55+ BEV-Driver 88 274 32.12%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 308 1663 18.52%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 594 1663 35.72%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 761 1663 45.76%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 11 274 4.01%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 107 274 39.05%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 156 274 56.93%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 109 1663 6.55%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 954 1663 57.37%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 600 1663 36.08%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 79 4.08%
≥ 6000 € 121 6.25%
2000-3999 € 859 44.35%
4000-5999 € 362 18.69%
800-1999 € 516 26.64%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 4 274 1.46%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 44 274 16.06%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 120 274 43.80%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 85 274 31.02%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 21 274 7.66%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 75 1663 4.51%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 77 1663 4.63%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 739 1663 44.44%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 277 1663 16.66%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 495 1663 29.77%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 391 20.19%
I live with family 88 4.54%
I live with others: co-housing 14 0.72%
Married or living together with child(ren) 674 34.80%
Married or living together without children 626 32.32%
Other housing situation, namely: 14 0.72%
Single parent with child(ren) 130 6.71%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 24 274 8.76%
I live with family BEV-Driver 10 274 3.65%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 1 274 0.36%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 154 274 56.20%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 67 274 24.45%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 2 274 0.73%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 16 274 5.84%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 367 1663 22.07%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 78 1663 4.69%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 13 1663 0.78%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 520 1663 31.27%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 559 1663 33.61%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 12 1663 0.72%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 114 1663 6.86%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 609 31.44%
Attached house 148 7.64%
Detached house 1053 54.36%
Others, namely: 6 0.31%
Semi-detached house 121 6.25%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 36 274 13.14%
Attached house BEV-Driver 21 274 7.66%
Detached house BEV-Driver 204 274 74.45%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 0 274 0.00%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 13 274 4.74%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 573 1663 34.46%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 127 1663 7.64%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 849 1663 51.05%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 6 1663 0.36%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 108 1663 6.49%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 592 30.56%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 1306 67.42%
N/A 39 2.01%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 45 274 16.42%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 224 274 81.75%
N/A BEV-Driver 5 274 1.82%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 547 1663 32.89%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 1082 1663 65.06%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 34 1663 2.04%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 86 31.39% 274
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 162 9.74% 1663
Heat pump BEV-Driver 97 35.40% 274
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 280 16.84% 1663
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 15 5.47% 274
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 52 3.13% 1663
Home battery BEV-Driver 19 6.93% 274
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 54 3.25% 1663
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 11 4.01% 274
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 35 2.10% 1663
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 125 45.62% 274
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 1188 71.44% 1663

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 1117 57.67%
Three cars or more 123 6.35%
Two cars 697 35.98%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 74 274 27.01%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 49 274 17.88%
Two cars BEV-Driver 151 274 55.11%
One car non-BEV-Driver 1043 1663 62.72%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 74 1663 4.45%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 546 1663 32.83%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 251 12.96%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 1 0.05%
Diesel 772 39.86%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 85 4.39%
I don’t know 1 0.05%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 16 0.83%
None of the vehicles above 12 0.62%
Petrol 763 39.39%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 36 1.86%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 7 251 2.79%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 0 251 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 8 251 3.19%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 47 251 18.73%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 189 251 75.30%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 9 1686 0.53%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 3 1686 0.18%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 24 1686 1.42%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 94 1686 5.58%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 1556 1686 92.29%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 85 10.37%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 2 0.24%
Diesel 353 43.05%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 31 3.78%
I don’t know 2 0.24%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 10 1.22%
None of the vehicles above 5 0.61%
Petrol 320 39.02%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 12 1.46%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 2 85 2.35%
Car sharing 2nd car is BEV 0 85 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 4 85 4.71%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 20 85 23.53%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 59 85 69.41%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 4 735 0.54%
Car sharing 2nd car NOT BEV 6 735 0.82%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 18 735 2.45%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 14 735 1.90%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 693 735 94.29%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 10 8.13%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 2 1.63%
Diesel 56 45.53%
I don’t know 1 0.81%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2 1.63%
Petrol 51 41.46%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 1 0.81%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 0 10 0.00%
Car sharing 3rd car is BEV 0 10 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 0 10 0.00%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 1 10 10.00%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 9 10 90.00%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 2 113 1.77%
Car sharing 3rd car NOT BEV 4 113 3.54%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 5 113 4.42%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 1 113 0.88%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 101 113 89.38%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 14 287 4.88%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 123 1697 7.25%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 22 287 7.67%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 47 1697 2.77%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 37 287 12.89%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 143 1697 8.43%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 9 287 3.14%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 3 1697 0.18%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 205 287 71.43%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 1381 1697 81.38%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 3 274 1.09%
Daily BEV-Driver 191 274 69.71%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 0 274 0.00%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 80 274 29.20%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 152 1663 9.14%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 714 1663 42.93%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 19 1663 1.14%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 778 1663 46.78%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 8000.00
Median 12000.00
Mean 14290.73
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 65000.00
I don’t know (count) 500.00

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 2000.00
1st Qu. 15000.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 22191.63
3rd Qu. 27000.00
Max 65000.00
I don’t know (count) 20.00

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 7000.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 12632.25
3rd Qu. 15000.00
Max 60000.00
I don’t know (count) 480.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 1111 1722 64.52%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 280 1722 16.26%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 231 286 80.77%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 128 1722 7.43%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 126 1722 7.32%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 51 1722 2.96%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 29 286 10.14%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 26 1722 1.51%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 11 286 3.85%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 10 286 3.50%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 3 286 1.05%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 2 286 0.70%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 25.00000
Median 50.00000
Mean 75.53799
3rd Qu. 90.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 446.00000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.0000
1st Qu. 50.0000
Median 89.0000
Mean 126.3039
3rd Qu. 170.0000
Max 500.0000
I don’t know (count) 21.0000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 40.00000
Mean 65.35957
3rd Qu. 70.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 425.00000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 13.2719153 8.391559 2.9668643
Home, on-street along public road 2.8936500 6.296340 2.2260925
Employer’s car park 2.4485803 4.066254 1.4376379
Along public roads on-street 1.7607124 4.227843 1.4947683
Public car parking 1.4442437 3.382241 1.1958028
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 0.9100671 2.043443 0.7224661
Other places 0.4016520 2.337820 0.8265440
Not parked/driving 0.8691791 2.588058 0.9150166

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 252 91.97%
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 251 91.61%
For commuting and work activities 211 77.01%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 164 59.85%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 106 274 38.69%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 51 274 18.61%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 17 274 6.20%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 2 274 0.73%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 10 274 3.65%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 82 274 29.93%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 6 274 2.19%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 342 1663 20.57%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 537 1663 32.29%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 273 1663 16.42%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 21 1663 1.26%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 127 1663 7.64%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 161 1663 9.68%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 202 1663 12.15%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 76 264 28.79%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 14 264 5.30%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 59 264 22.35%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 72 264 27.27%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 43 264 16.29%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 388 1536 25.26%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 203 1536 13.22%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 231 1536 15.04%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 334 1536 21.74%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 380 1536 24.74%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 2 0.73%
Since <1 year 52 18.98%
Since 1-2 years 47 17.15%
Since 2-3 years 43 15.69%
Since 3-4 years 25 9.12%
Since 4-5 years 23 8.39%
Since longer than 5 years 82 29.93%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 1 0.75%
New 104 77.61%
Second-hand 29 21.64%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 29 15.34%
€20.001 - €30.000 37 19.58%
€30.001 - €40.000 60 31.75%
€40.001 - €50.000 26 13.76%
€50.001 - €75.000 23 12.17%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 0.53%
Less than €10.000 7 3.70%
More than €75.000 6 3.17%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 9 16.67%
€601 - €700 3 5.56%
€701 - €800 2 3.70%
€801 - €900 1 1.85%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 2 3.70%
Less than €500 35 64.81%
More than €1000 2 3.70%

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 48 19.12%
301 – 400 km 63 25.10%
401 – 500 km 85 33.86%
501 – 600 km 32 12.75%
601 – 700 km 4 1.59%
I don’t know 3 1.20%
Until 200 km 16 6.37%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 10 4.03%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 63 25.40%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 25 10.08%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 51 20.56%
Yes, this is achieved 99 39.92%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 82 32.67%
This is never enough 3 1.20%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 37 14.74%
This is usually enough 118 47.01%
This is usually not enough 11 4.38%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car is private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 30 71.43%
Second-hand 12 28.57%

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 20 33.90%
€20.001 - €30.000 13 22.03%
€30.001 - €40.000 9 15.25%
€40.001 - €50.000 1 1.69%
€50.001 - €75.000 4 6.78%
Less than €10.000 10 16.95%
More than €75.000 2 3.39%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car is private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 3 13.64%
€601 - €700 2 9.09%
€901 - €1000 2 9.09%
Less than €500 15 68.18%

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 20 23.53%
301 – 400 km 21 24.71%
401 – 500 km 13 15.29%
501 – 600 km 5 5.88%
Until 200 km 26 30.59%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 4 4.71%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 24 28.24%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 10 11.76%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 14 16.47%
Yes, this is achieved 33 38.82%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 28 32.94%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 19 22.35%
This is usually enough 31 36.47%
This is usually not enough 7 8.24%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€20.001 - €30.000 1 11.11%
€30.001 - €40.000 2 22.22%
€50.001 - €75.000 4 44.44%
Less than €10.000 2 22.22%

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car is private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
Less than €500 1 100.00%

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 2 20.00%
301 – 400 km 2 20.00%
401 – 500 km 3 30.00%
Until 200 km 3 30.00%

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 1 10.00%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 2 20.00%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 2 20.00%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 1 10.00%
Yes, this is achieved 4 40.00%

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

3rd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 2 20.00%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 2 20.00%
This is usually enough 5 50.00%
This is usually not enough 1 10.00%

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 18.98 3.28 35.04 14.96 27.74
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 20.44 2.55 45.99 5.47 25.55
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 23.72 1.09 36.13 8.39 30.66
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 12.41 6.57 4.74 10.22 66.06
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 11.68 21.53 4.01 28.83 33.94
Normal household socket at home 10.58 16.06 10.22 18.61 44.53

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.61 0.12 0.32
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.64 0.16 0.27
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.42 0.11 0.5
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.13 0.05 0.83

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 14.6 12.41 9.85 12.04 28.83 22.26

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 48.91 17.52 7.66 10.95 4.38 6.57 2.55 1.09 0.36 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 6.57 20.44 17.15 12.77 13.50 10.22 10.95 7.30 1.09 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 13.87 14.23 21.90 13.50 11.31 12.77 5.84 5.84 0.73 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 2.92 9.49 13.87 19.34 16.79 13.87 13.87 8.39 1.46 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 6.93 12.04 12.41 15.69 20.80 14.96 12.04 5.11 0.00 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 11.31 14.96 12.04 10.58 11.31 21.53 9.85 6.57 1.82 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 0.73 5.11 6.57 5.11 9.85 8.76 33.21 28.10 2.55 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 3.28 5.11 7.30 12.04 12.04 11.31 11.68 35.04 2.19 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 5.47 1.09 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.55 89.78 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 9.49 14.60 12.77 18.25 19.34 3.28 21.17 1.09
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 16.42 8.76 17.52 27.01 13.87 11.68 3.28 1.46
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 12.77 12.04 14.23 26.64 16.42 4.38 10.58 2.92
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 9.85 17.88 16.79 9.85 10.22 10.22 22.99 2.19
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 8.76 13.14 23.72 24.45 13.50 3.65 9.85 2.92

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 20.07 6.93 6.93 24.45 15.69 20.44 4.38 1.09
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 11.68 13.50 14.23 21.53 17.52 9.49 9.49 2.55
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 20.07 7.30 7.66 26.64 11.31 21.53 4.38 1.09
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 17.88 0.73 4.01 11.31 4.38 61.31 0.00 0.36
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 10.95 11.68 17.52 23.36 18.98 3.65 12.77 1.09
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 19.34 8.39 19.34 23.36 10.95 9.12 5.47 4.01
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 8.39 18.25 18.61 8.76 16.79 2.19 23.36 3.65

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 61 22.26%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 91 33.21%
More than 1 hour 24 8.76%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 54 19.71%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 44 16.06%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 170 62.04%
Yes, multiple times 75 27.37%
Yes, once 29 10.58%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 9 8.65%
Easy 32 30.77%
Not applicable (did not recharge my car abroad) 4 3.85%
Not easy, but not difficult either 20 19.23%
Very difficult 2 1.92%
Very easy 37 35.58%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 29.56 23.36 15.33 8.03 7.66 7.30 6.57 2.19
There are too few recharging stations along the way 12.41 25.91 24.82 17.52 10.22 5.47 2.92 0.73
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 12.04 17.88 23.72 26.64 12.04 4.01 3.28 0.36
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 17.88 6.20 9.49 18.61 22.99 9.12 13.50 2.19
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 1.82 9.12 11.31 13.50 28.83 27.01 7.66 0.73
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 4.38 9.12 7.66 7.30 10.95 35.77 23.36 1.46
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 9.12 7.66 7.30 8.03 7.30 9.85 41.24 9.49
Others 12.77 0.73 0.36 0.36 0.00 1.46 1.46 82.85

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 635 37.66%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 268 15.90%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 574 34.05%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 134 7.95%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 75 4.45%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 2 274 0.73%
Neutral BEV-Driver 4 274 1.46%
Positive BEV-Driver 57 274 20.80%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 1 274 0.36%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 12 274 4.38%
Very negative BEV-Driver 1 274 0.36%
Very positive BEV-Driver 197 274 71.90%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 114 1663 6.86%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 438 1663 26.34%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 232 1663 13.95%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 293 1663 17.62%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 265 1663 15.94%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 192 1663 11.55%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 129 1663 7.76%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 4 274 1.46%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 194 274 70.80%
Neutral BEV-Driver 24 274 8.76%
Not for me BEV-Driver 4 274 1.46%
Something for me BEV-Driver 48 274 17.52%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 410 1663 24.65%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 159 1663 9.56%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 396 1663 23.81%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 309 1663 18.58%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 389 1663 23.39%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 214 50.95%
More information about recharging options 163 38.81%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 154 36.67%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 90 21.43%
Test drive 82 19.52%
None of the above 65 15.48%
Other: namely: … 22 5.24%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Economical to use 204 10.53%
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 190 9.81%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 122 6.30%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 121 6.25%
To prepare for or keep up with the technology of the future 56 2.89%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 295 15.23%
There are too few public recharging points 141 7.28%
The driving range is still insufficient / I can’t drive far enough 112 5.78%
There are too few public fast recharging points 103 5.32%
The yearly operation and maintenance costs are too high 79 4.08%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
9 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 47.37%
7 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 36.84%
6 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 31.58%
4 There are too few recharging stations along the way 21.05%
4 I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 21.05%
3 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 15.79%
3 I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 15.79%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 6 272 2.21%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 16 272 5.88%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 33 272 12.13%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 99 272 36.40%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 52 272 19.12%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 50 272 18.38%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 16 272 5.88%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 35 1659 2.11%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 120 1659 7.23%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 368 1659 22.18%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 461 1659 27.79%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 315 1659 18.99%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 242 1659 14.59%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 118 1659 7.11%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 240 258 93.02%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 1 258 0.39%
Diesel BEV-Driver 0 258 0.00%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 2 258 0.78%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 5 258 1.94%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 1 258 0.39%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 1 258 0.39%
Petrol BEV-Driver 4 258 1.55%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 4 258 1.55%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 192 1543 12.44%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 10 1543 0.65%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 215 1543 13.93%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 261 1543 16.92%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 360 1543 23.33%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 20 1543 1.30%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 14 1543 0.91%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 321 1543 20.80%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 150 1543 9.72%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 356 26.35%
No 531 39.30%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 82 6.07%
Yes, within 0-2 years 89 6.59%
Yes, within 2-3 years 108 7.99%
Yes, within 3-5 years 101 7.48%
Yes, within 5-10 years 84 6.22%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 196 51.31%
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 166 43.46%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 150 39.27%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 130 34.03%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 98 25.65%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 46 12.04%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 34 8.90%
Other, namely: … 9 2.36%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficient driving range 628 37.76%
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 506 30.43%
A sufficiently dense public recharging network 345 20.75%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 317 19.06%
None of the above 257 15.45%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 185 258 71.71%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 62 258 24.03%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 5 258 1.94%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 6 258 2.33%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 532 1543 34.48%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 518 1543 33.57%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 52 1543 3.37%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 441 1543 28.58%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 15000.00
Mean 17186.21
3rd Qu. 24000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 749.00

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 12000.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 22868.26
3rd Qu. 30000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in BEV (count) 798.00

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 3 258 1.16%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 12 258 4.65%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 3 258 1.16%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 55 258 21.32%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 92 258 35.66%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 72 258 27.91%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 21 258 8.14%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 131 1543 8.49%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 96 1543 6.22%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 32 1543 2.07%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 203 1543 13.16%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 280 1543 18.15%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 266 1543 17.24%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 535 1543 34.67%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 11 274 4.01%
2030 BEV-Driver 37 274 13.50%
2035 BEV-Driver 107 274 39.05%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 50 274 18.25%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 32 274 11.68%
Never BEV-Driver 37 274 13.50%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 65 1663 3.91%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 168 1663 10.10%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 303 1663 18.22%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 334 1663 20.08%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 434 1663 26.10%
Never non-BEV-Driver 359 1663 21.59%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Purchase subsidy new electric car 757 39.08%
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 599 30.92%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 385 19.88%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 384 19.82%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 199 10.27%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 152 7.85%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 106 5.47%
Others, namely: … 15 0.77%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 252 274 91.97%
Yes BEV-Driver 22 274 8.03%
No non-BEV-Driver 1479 1663 88.94%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 184 1663 11.06%