Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 257 1383 18.58%
Male BEV-Driver 1124 1383 81.27%
Other BEV-Driver 2 1383 0.14%
Female non-BEV-Driver 8616 16656 51.73%
Male non-BEV-Driver 8014 16656 48.11%
Other non-BEV-Driver 26 16656 0.16%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 215 1383 15.55%
35-55 BEV-Driver 699 1383 50.54%
55+ BEV-Driver 469 1383 33.91%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 4021 16656 24.14%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 6117 16656 36.73%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 6518 16656 39.13%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 53 1383 3.83%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 642 1383 46.42%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 688 1383 49.75%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 1074 16656 6.45%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 10407 16656 62.48%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 5175 16656 31.07%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 1268 7.03%
≥ 6000 € 1180 6.54%
2000-3999 € 7246 40.17%
4000-5999 € 3023 16.76%
800-1999 € 5322 29.50%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 51 1383 3.69%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 208 1383 15.04%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 536 1383 38.76%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 351 1383 25.38%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 237 1383 17.14%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 1217 16656 7.31%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 972 16656 5.84%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 6710 16656 40.29%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 2672 16656 16.04%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 5085 16656 30.53%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 3137 17.39%
I live with family 1928 10.69%
I live with others: co-housing 260 1.44%
Married or living together with child(ren) 6314 35.00%
Married or living together without children 5436 30.13%
Other housing situation, namely: 121 0.67%
Single parent with child(ren) 843 4.67%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 122 1383 8.82%
I live with family BEV-Driver 130 1383 9.40%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 11 1383 0.80%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 724 1383 52.35%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 349 1383 25.23%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 5 1383 0.36%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 42 1383 3.04%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 3015 16656 18.10%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 1798 16656 10.79%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 249 16656 1.49%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 5590 16656 33.56%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 5087 16656 30.54%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 116 16656 0.70%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 801 16656 4.81%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 6917 38.34%
Attached house 2187 12.12%
Detached house 7122 39.48%
Others, namely: 264 1.46%
Semi-detached house 1549 8.59%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 280 1383 20.25%
Attached house BEV-Driver 126 1383 9.11%
Detached house BEV-Driver 860 1383 62.18%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 7 1383 0.51%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 110 1383 7.95%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 6637 16656 39.85%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 2061 16656 12.37%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 6262 16656 37.60%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 257 16656 1.54%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 1439 16656 8.64%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 4889 27.10%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 12639 70.06%
N/A 511 2.83%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 173 1383 12.51%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 1181 1383 85.39%
N/A BEV-Driver 29 1383 2.10%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 4716 16656 28.31%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 11458 16656 68.79%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 482 16656 2.89%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 722 52.21% 1383
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 3176 19.07% 16656
Heat pump BEV-Driver 428 30.95% 1383
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 2724 16.35% 16656
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 59 4.27% 1383
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 552 3.31% 16656
Home battery BEV-Driver 179 12.94% 1383
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 1064 6.39% 16656
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 83 6.00% 1383
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 484 2.91% 16656
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 469 33.91% 1383
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 10703 64.26% 16656

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 10959 60.75%
Three cars or more 1165 6.46%
Two cars 5915 32.79%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 416 1383 30.08%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 225 1383 16.27%
Two cars BEV-Driver 742 1383 53.65%
One car non-BEV-Driver 10543 16656 63.30%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 940 16656 5.64%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 5173 16656 31.06%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 1260 6.98%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 107 0.59%
Diesel 5626 31.19%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 792 4.39%
I don’t know 19 0.11%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 293 1.62%
None of the vehicles above 48 0.27%
Petrol 9574 53.07%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 320 1.77%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 85 1260 6.75%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 4 1260 0.32%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 104 1260 8.25%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 191 1260 15.16%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 876 1260 69.52%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 88 16779 0.52%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 130 16779 0.77%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 403 16779 2.40%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 1796 16779 10.70%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 14362 16779 85.60%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 334 4.72%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 41 0.58%
Diesel 2702 38.16%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 219 3.09%
I don’t know 15 0.21%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 102 1.44%
None of the vehicles above 11 0.16%
Petrol 3554 50.20%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 102 1.44%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 20 334 5.99%
Car sharing 2nd car is BEV 1 334 0.30%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 25 334 7.49%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 56 334 16.77%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 232 334 69.46%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 55 6746 0.82%
Car sharing 2nd car NOT BEV 83 6746 1.23%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 265 6746 3.93%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 889 6746 13.18%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 5454 6746 80.85%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 42 3.61%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 5 0.43%
Diesel 445 38.20%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 15 1.29%
I don’t know 6 0.52%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 20 1.72%
None of the vehicles above 2 0.17%
Petrol 620 53.22%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 10 0.86%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 4 42 9.52%
Car sharing 3rd car is BEV 0 42 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 3 42 7.14%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 5 42 11.90%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 30 42 71.43%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 18 1123 1.60%
Car sharing 3rd car NOT BEV 23 1123 2.05%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 44 1123 3.92%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 186 1123 16.56%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 852 1123 75.87%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 100 1470 6.80%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 1508 17203 8.77%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 180 1470 12.24%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 508 17203 2.95%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 197 1470 13.40%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 2740 17203 15.93%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 53 1470 3.61%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 192 17203 1.12%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 940 1470 63.95%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 12255 17203 71.24%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 41 1383 2.96%
Daily BEV-Driver 896 1383 64.79%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 6 1383 0.43%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 440 1383 31.81%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 1501 16656 9.01%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 7775 16656 46.68%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 281 16656 1.69%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 7099 16656 42.62%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 8000.00
Median 12000.00
Mean 14770.92
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 75000.00
I don’t know (count) 4762.00

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 13500.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 21118.93
3rd Qu. 25000.00
Max 75000.00
I don’t know (count) 138.00

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 8000.00
Median 12000.00
Mean 14108.92
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 75000.00
I don’t know (count) 4624.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 10157 16790 60.49%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 3071 16790 18.29%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 1836 16790 10.94%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 1098 1450 75.72%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 957 16790 5.70%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 506 16790 3.01%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 191 1450 13.17%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 190 16790 1.13%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 81 1450 5.59%
Reserved parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 73 16790 0.43%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 44 1450 3.03%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 20 1450 1.38%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 12 1450 0.83%
Reserved parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 4 1450 0.28%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 45.00000
Mean 73.94708
3rd Qu. 90.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 3559.00000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.0000
1st Qu. 40.0000
Median 80.0000
Mean 110.3886
3rd Qu. 150.0000
Max 500.0000
I don’t know (count) 105.0000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 20.00000
Median 40.00000
Mean 70.40873
3rd Qu. 80.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 3454.00000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 12.3355119 8.431301 2.9809151
Home, on-street along public road 3.2128610 6.395273 2.2610705
Employer’s car park 2.3842452 3.878811 1.3713666
Along public roads on-street 1.6766146 4.012931 1.4187855
Public car parking 1.6864100 3.782371 1.3372701
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 0.9762237 2.113561 0.7472566
Other places 0.7145768 2.995195 1.0589615
Not parked/driving 1.0135567 2.995642 1.0591195

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 1174 84.89%
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 1156 83.59%
For commuting and work activities 1083 78.31%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 666 48.16%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 508 1383 36.73%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 283 1383 20.46%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 49 1383 3.54%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 3 1383 0.22%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 35 1383 2.53%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 488 1383 35.29%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 17 1383 1.23%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 3504 16656 21.04%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 5530 16656 33.20%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 2866 16656 17.21%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 153 16656 0.92%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 698 16656 4.19%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 1884 16656 11.31%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 2021 16656 12.13%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 350 1348 25.96%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 85 1348 6.31%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 273 1348 20.25%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 390 1348 28.93%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 250 1348 18.55%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 4299 15958 26.94%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 1921 15958 12.04%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 2353 15958 14.74%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 3488 15958 21.86%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 3897 15958 24.42%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 3 0.22%
Since <1 year 335 24.22%
Since 1-2 years 331 23.93%
Since 2-3 years 186 13.45%
Since 3-4 years 153 11.06%
Since 4-5 years 126 9.11%
Since longer than 5 years 249 18.00%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 1 0.17%
New 391 66.95%
Second-hand 192 32.88%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 170 19.41%
€20.001 - €30.000 174 19.86%
€30.001 - €40.000 183 20.89%
€40.001 - €50.000 127 14.50%
€50.001 - €75.000 126 14.38%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 16 1.83%
Less than €10.000 40 4.57%
More than €75.000 40 4.57%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 41 14.86%
€601 - €700 21 7.61%
€701 - €800 9 3.26%
€801 - €900 7 2.54%
€901 - €1000 3 1.09%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 27 9.78%
Less than €500 158 57.25%
More than €1000 10 3.62%

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 278 22.06%
301 – 400 km 292 23.17%
401 – 500 km 366 29.05%
501 – 600 km 133 10.56%
601 – 700 km 26 2.06%
I don’t know 6 0.48%
More than 700 km 11 0.87%
Until 200 km 148 11.75%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 32 2.55%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 328 26.16%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 172 13.72%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 253 20.18%
Yes, this is achieved 469 37.40%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 457 36.27%
This is never enough 5 0.40%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 138 10.95%
This is usually enough 634 50.32%
This is usually not enough 26 2.06%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car is private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 87 53.70%
Second-hand 75 46.30%

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 63 27.16%
€20.001 - €30.000 50 21.55%
€30.001 - €40.000 29 12.50%
€40.001 - €50.000 19 8.19%
€50.001 - €75.000 29 12.50%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 3 1.29%
Less than €10.000 31 13.36%
More than €75.000 8 3.45%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 94 28.14%
301 – 400 km 71 21.26%
401 – 500 km 50 14.97%
501 – 600 km 18 5.39%
601 – 700 km 4 1.20%
I don’t know 4 1.20%
More than 700 km 4 1.20%
Until 200 km 89 26.65%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 7 2.12%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 82 24.85%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 52 15.76%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 69 20.91%
Yes, this is achieved 120 36.36%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 123 36.83%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 45 13.47%
This is usually enough 153 45.81%
This is usually not enough 13 3.89%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 23.36 5.78 35.43 15.18 20.25
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 21.84 3.18 45.41 7.30 22.27
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 22.92 3.18 38.25 8.97 26.68
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 10.41 6.15 9.40 14.17 59.87
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 14.17 18.66 4.70 29.21 33.26
Normal household socket at home 9.76 12.44 11.21 15.84 50.76

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.61 0.15 0.29
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.62 0.2 0.23
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.4 0.14 0.49
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.15 0.07 0.79

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 9.69 10.92 9.26 14.46 29.36 26.32

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 43.38 17.43 11.86 10.05 6.22 6.15 2.60 1.81 0.51 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 13.45 26.10 17.72 13.74 12.44 8.24 5.28 2.60 0.43 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 10.63 12.80 22.05 13.45 14.24 13.02 7.66 5.50 0.65 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 3.62 6.29 8.32 18.73 15.47 16.99 16.34 12.44 1.81 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 7.16 10.92 11.71 13.74 21.19 16.92 12.44 5.71 0.22 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 11.42 15.91 12.51 12.29 10.56 20.46 10.56 5.78 0.51 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 1.66 3.83 5.93 6.65 8.82 8.24 33.62 29.36 1.88 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 5.06 6.22 9.33 11.28 10.99 9.69 10.92 35.07 1.45 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 3.62 0.51 0.58 0.07 0.07 0.29 0.58 1.74 92.55 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 20.10 12.65 10.56 21.62 12.22 8.17 11.57 3.11
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 27.33 8.24 12.87 21.84 9.04 13.09 3.54 4.05
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 22.92 11.42 14.10 20.75 10.70 8.53 7.74 3.83
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 17.93 13.52 16.12 11.21 8.60 13.52 15.55 3.54
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 14.53 11.21 22.42 21.62 13.74 6.00 6.72 3.76

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 32.68 4.92 7.38 18.58 9.47 20.75 4.27 1.95
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 21.26 12.29 11.57 22.56 14.90 8.32 6.51 2.60
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 33.62 4.99 7.52 19.60 7.09 22.49 2.89 1.81
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 29.86 1.37 3.40 8.68 3.54 50.83 1.01 1.30
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 18.29 10.63 15.62 25.38 12.08 7.23 8.89 1.88
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 22.99 7.74 16.49 23.07 9.76 8.60 5.71 5.64
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 13.88 16.63 18.37 14.90 11.06 7.01 15.04 3.11

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 341 24.66%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 507 36.66%
More than 1 hour 75 5.42%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 265 19.16%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 195 14.10%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 642 46.42%
Yes, multiple times 489 35.36%
Yes, once 252 18.22%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 64 8.64%
Easy 260 35.09%
Not applicable (did not recharge my car abroad) 56 7.56%
Not easy, but not difficult either 163 22.00%
Very difficult 17 2.29%
Very easy 181 24.43%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 27.26 21.04 14.32 11.86 8.10 7.74 8.24 1.45
There are too few recharging stations along the way 15.11 26.17 22.05 13.88 10.99 7.16 4.05 0.58
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 12.65 15.69 25.09 21.55 11.28 7.66 5.50 0.58
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 18.22 10.20 9.33 23.21 18.22 10.77 8.46 1.59
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 3.69 11.42 11.42 13.45 29.57 20.90 8.97 0.58
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 4.12 6.94 10.12 8.32 13.02 35.07 20.68 1.74
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 10.63 7.45 7.01 7.30 8.75 9.91 42.81 6.15
Others 8.32 1.08 0.65 0.43 0.07 0.80 1.30 87.35

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 5561 33.14%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 2336 13.92%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 6191 36.90%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 1860 11.09%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 831 4.95%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 6 1383 0.43%
Neutral BEV-Driver 21 1383 1.52%
Positive BEV-Driver 289 1383 20.90%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 9 1383 0.65%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 52 1383 3.76%
Very negative BEV-Driver 5 1383 0.36%
Very positive BEV-Driver 1001 1383 72.38%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 979 16656 5.88%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 3645 16656 21.88%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 3474 16656 20.86%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 1747 16656 10.49%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 3046 16656 18.29%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 1271 16656 7.63%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 2494 16656 14.97%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 8 1383 0.58%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 1080 1383 78.09%
Neutral BEV-Driver 48 1383 3.47%
Not for me BEV-Driver 11 1383 0.80%
Something for me BEV-Driver 236 1383 17.06%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 2275 16656 13.66%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 2117 16656 12.71%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 4871 16656 29.24%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 2863 16656 17.19%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 4530 16656 27.20%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 2466 50.13%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 2074 42.16%
More information about recharging options 1913 38.89%
Test drive 1335 27.14%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 1318 26.79%
None of the above 576 11.71%
Other: namely: … 273 5.55%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 2626 14.56%
Economical to use 1803 10.00%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 1791 9.93%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 1623 9.00%
Possible to drive using my own (locally produced) electricity, eg from my solar panels 674 3.74%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 3301 18.30%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 1471 8.15%
There are too few public recharging points 1426 7.91%
The driving range is still insufficient / I can’t drive far enough 1017 5.64%
There are too few public fast recharging points 881 4.88%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
96 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 50.53%
83 There are too few recharging stations along the way 43.68%
78 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 41.05%
74 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 38.95%
70 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 36.84%
50 I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 26.32%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 57 1379 4.13%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 49 1379 3.55%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 181 1379 13.13%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 319 1379 23.13%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 246 1379 17.84%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 347 1379 25.16%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 180 1379 13.05%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 490 16639 2.94%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 881 16639 5.29%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 3020 16639 18.15%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 3649 16639 21.93%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 3266 16639 19.63%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 3339 16639 20.07%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 1994 16639 11.98%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 1142 1334 85.61%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 3 1334 0.22%
Diesel BEV-Driver 12 1334 0.90%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 26 1334 1.95%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 56 1334 4.20%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 2 1334 0.15%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 3 1334 0.22%
Petrol BEV-Driver 26 1334 1.95%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 64 1334 4.80%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 2162 15775 13.71%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 139 15775 0.88%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 1568 15775 9.94%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 2682 15775 17.00%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 3339 15775 21.17%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 223 15775 1.41%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 82 15775 0.52%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 3770 15775 23.90%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 1810 15775 11.47%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 2669 19.61%
No 4128 30.32%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 2365 17.37%
Yes, within 0-2 years 782 5.74%
Yes, within 2-3 years 1084 7.96%
Yes, within 3-5 years 1304 9.58%
Yes, within 5-10 years 1281 9.41%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 2469 55.47%
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 2228 50.06%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 1740 39.09%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 1701 38.22%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 1241 27.88%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 452 10.16%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 446 10.02%
Other, namely: … 134 3.01%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 5395 32.39%
A sufficient driving range 5307 31.86%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 3717 22.32%
A sufficiently dense public recharging network 3273 19.65%
When I know for sure the energy network can handle it 2652 15.92%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 895 1334 67.09%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 380 1334 28.49%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 27 1334 2.02%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 32 1334 2.40%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 6153 15775 39.00%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 5221 15775 33.10%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 910 15775 5.77%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 3491 15775 22.13%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.0
1st Qu. 8000.0
Median 15000.0
Mean 17749.5
3rd Qu. 25000.0
Max 100000.0
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 5692.0

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.0
1st Qu. 10000.0
Median 20000.0
Mean 22340.7
3rd Qu. 30000.0
Max 100000.0
No interest in BEV (count) 6412.0

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 12 1334 0.90%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 112 1334 8.40%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 22 1334 1.65%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 355 1334 26.61%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 472 1334 35.38%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 261 1334 19.57%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 100 1334 7.50%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 1341 15775 8.50%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 1546 15775 9.80%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 746 15775 4.73%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 2640 15775 16.74%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 3385 15775 21.46%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 2584 15775 16.38%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 3533 15775 22.40%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 55 1383 3.98%
2030 BEV-Driver 247 1383 17.86%
2035 BEV-Driver 472 1383 34.13%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 300 1383 21.69%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 157 1383 11.35%
Never BEV-Driver 152 1383 10.99%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 591 16656 3.55%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 2017 16656 12.11%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 3722 16656 22.35%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 3735 16656 22.42%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 3574 16656 21.46%
Never non-BEV-Driver 3017 16656 18.11%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 7197 39.90%
Purchase subsidy new electric car 5053 28.01%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 3164 17.54%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 2618 14.51%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 2117 11.74%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 1716 9.51%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 1665 9.23%
Others, namely: … 286 1.59%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 1193 1383 86.26%
Yes BEV-Driver 190 1383 13.74%
No non-BEV-Driver 13812 16656 82.93%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 2844 16656 17.07%