Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 22 63 34.92%
Male BEV-Driver 41 63 65.08%
Other BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Female non-BEV-Driver 798 1466 54.43%
Male non-BEV-Driver 666 1466 45.43%
Other non-BEV-Driver 2 1466 0.14%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 16 63 25.40%
35-55 BEV-Driver 16 63 25.40%
55+ BEV-Driver 31 63 49.21%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 291 1466 19.85%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 380 1466 25.92%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 795 1466 54.23%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 3 63 4.76%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 34 63 53.97%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 26 63 41.27%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 129 1466 8.80%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 915 1466 62.41%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 422 1466 28.79%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 22 1.44%
≥ 6000 € 435 28.45%
2000-3999 € 522 34.14%
4000-5999 € 418 27.34%
800-1999 € 132 8.63%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 33 63 52.38%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 10 63 15.87%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 16 63 25.40%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 4 63 6.35%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 22 1466 1.50%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 402 1466 27.42%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 512 1466 34.92%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 402 1466 27.42%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 128 1466 8.73%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 320 20.93%
I live with family 58 3.79%
I live with others: co-housing 22 1.44%
Married or living together with child(ren) 392 25.64%
Married or living together without children 647 42.32%
Other housing situation, namely: 11 0.72%
Single parent with child(ren) 79 5.17%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 8 63 12.70%
I live with family BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 29 63 46.03%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 24 63 38.10%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 312 1466 21.28%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 57 1466 3.89%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 21 1466 1.43%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 363 1466 24.76%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 623 1466 42.50%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 11 1466 0.75%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 79 1466 5.39%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 391 25.57%
Attached house 226 14.78%
Detached house 773 50.56%
Others, namely: 85 5.56%
Semi-detached house 54 3.53%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 11 63 17.46%
Attached house BEV-Driver 8 63 12.70%
Detached house BEV-Driver 41 63 65.08%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 380 1466 25.92%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 218 1466 14.87%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 732 1466 49.93%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 83 1466 5.66%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 53 1466 3.62%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 460 30.09%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 1033 67.56%
N/A 36 2.35%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 7 63 11.11%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 55 63 87.30%
N/A BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 453 1466 30.90%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 978 1466 66.71%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 35 1466 2.39%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 22 34.92% 63
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 157 10.71% 1466
Heat pump BEV-Driver 21 33.33% 63
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 262 17.87% 1466
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 3 4.76% 63
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 75 5.12% 1466
Home battery BEV-Driver 6 9.52% 63
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 48 3.27% 1466
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 2 3.17% 63
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 106 7.23% 1466
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 25 39.68% 63
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 970 66.17% 1466

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 1078 70.50%
Three cars or more 49 3.20%
Two cars 402 26.29%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 31 63 49.21%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 3 63 4.76%
Two cars BEV-Driver 29 63 46.03%
One car non-BEV-Driver 1047 1466 71.42%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 46 1466 3.14%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 373 1466 25.44%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 56 3.66%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 3 0.20%
Diesel 369 24.13%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 106 6.93%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1 0.07%
None of the vehicles above 4 0.26%
Petrol 939 61.41%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 51 3.34%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 0 56 0.00%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 0 56 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 1 56 1.79%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 2 56 3.57%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 53 56 94.64%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 4 1473 0.27%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 3 1473 0.20%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 23 1473 1.56%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 57 1473 3.87%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 1386 1473 94.09%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 11 2.44%
Diesel 136 30.16%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 17 3.77%
I don’t know 1 0.22%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1 0.22%
Petrol 270 59.87%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 15 3.33%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 0 11 0.00%
Car sharing 2nd car is BEV 0 11 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 0 11 0.00%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 0 11 0.00%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 11 11 100.00%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 5 440 1.14%
Car sharing 2nd car NOT BEV 2 440 0.45%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 24 440 5.45%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 9 440 2.05%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 400 440 90.91%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Diesel 17 34.69%
Petrol 32 65.31%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 4 49 8.16%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 45 49 91.84%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 8 70 11.43%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 86 1529 5.62%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 7 70 10.00%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 43 1529 2.81%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 14 70 20.00%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 278 1529 18.18%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 0 70 0.00%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 14 1529 0.92%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 41 70 58.57%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 1108 1529 72.47%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Daily BEV-Driver 41 63 65.08%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 18 63 28.57%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 99 1466 6.75%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 719 1466 49.05%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 18 1466 1.23%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 630 1466 42.97%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000
1st Qu. 10000
Median 15000
Mean 16754
3rd Qu. 20000
Max 75000
I don’t know (count) 355

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5000.00
1st Qu. 12750.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 23358.19
3rd Qu. 30000.00
Max 68867.00
I don’t know (count) 12.00

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 15000.00
Mean 16436.69
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 75000.00
I don’t know (count) 343.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 1018 1514 67.24%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 259 1514 17.11%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 99 1514 6.54%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 90 1514 5.94%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 50 65 76.92%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 32 1514 2.11%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 16 1514 1.06%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 6 65 9.23%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 4 65 6.15%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 3 65 4.62%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 1 65 1.54%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 1 65 1.54%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 22.00000
Median 48.00000
Mean 71.45614
3rd Qu. 87.50000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 213.00000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 30.00000
Median 60.00000
Mean 83.98077
3rd Qu. 100.00000
Max 367.00000
I don’t know (count) 7.00000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 21.25000
Median 45.00000
Mean 70.91431
3rd Qu. 85.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 206.00000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 14.6954218 7.666283 2.7104402
Home, on-street along public road 1.6376717 4.887964 1.7281563
Employer’s car park 2.4149771 3.811618 1.3476106
Along public roads on-street 0.9892086 2.868585 1.0141978
Public car parking 1.4808698 3.434408 1.2142466
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 0.7940811 1.655565 0.5853307
Other places 0.9833224 3.454673 1.2214115
Not parked/driving 1.0044474 2.734807 0.9669002

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 50 79.37%
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 49 77.78%
For commuting and work activities 34 53.97%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 21 33.33%
Others, namely: … 5 7.94%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 22 63 34.92%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 8 63 12.70%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 3 63 4.76%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 29 63 46.03%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 331 1466 22.58%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 502 1466 34.24%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 226 1466 15.42%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 9 1466 0.61%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 38 1466 2.59%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 244 1466 16.64%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 116 1466 7.91%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 19 62 30.65%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 1 62 1.61%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 10 62 16.13%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 21 62 33.87%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 11 62 17.74%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 274 1428 19.19%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 147 1428 10.29%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 282 1428 19.75%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 332 1428 23.25%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 393 1428 27.52%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 1 1.59%
Since <1 year 28 44.44%
Since 1-2 years 19 30.16%
Since 2-3 years 6 9.52%
Since 3-4 years 3 4.76%
Since 4-5 years 2 3.17%
Since longer than 5 years 4 6.35%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 21 53.85%
Second-hand 18 46.15%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 3 5.66%
€20.001 - €30.000 3 5.66%
€30.001 - €40.000 5 9.43%
€40.001 - €50.000 18 33.96%
€50.001 - €75.000 16 30.19%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 1.89%
More than €75.000 7 13.21%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€601 - €700 1 50.00%
Less than €500 1 50.00%

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 5 8.93%
301 – 400 km 18 32.14%
401 – 500 km 20 35.71%
501 – 600 km 7 12.50%
601 – 700 km 2 3.57%
More than 700 km 2 3.57%
Until 200 km 2 3.57%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 2 3.57%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 14 25.00%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 2 3.57%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 14 25.00%
Yes, this is achieved 24 42.86%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 17 30.36%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 2 3.57%
This is usually enough 36 64.29%
This is usually not enough 1 1.79%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car is private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
Second-hand 3 100.00%

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€20.001 - €30.000 1 9.09%
€40.001 - €50.000 3 27.27%
€50.001 - €75.000 4 36.36%
Less than €10.000 1 9.09%
More than €75.000 2 18.18%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 1 9.09%
301 – 400 km 1 9.09%
401 – 500 km 4 36.36%
601 – 700 km 1 9.09%
I don’t know 1 9.09%
More than 700 km 3 27.27%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 3 30.00%
Yes, this is achieved 7 70.00%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 6 54.55%
This is usually enough 5 45.45%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 9.52 12.70 26.98 25.40 25.40
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 19.05 1.59 44.44 17.46 17.46
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 14.29 1.59 33.33 14.29 36.51
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 9.52 6.35 26.98 25.40 31.75
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 15.87 15.87 7.94 46.03 14.29
Normal household socket at home 12.70 6.35 7.94 11.11 61.90

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.56 0.27 0.25
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.44 0.35 0.29
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.3 0.27 0.48
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.14 0.24 0.62

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 1.59 17.46 12.7 23.81 26.98 17.46

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 65.08 11.11 7.94 7.94 3.17 4.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 19.05 38.10 15.87 7.94 7.94 9.52 1.59 0.00 0.00 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 3.17 19.05 31.75 4.76 15.87 7.94 7.94 7.94 1.59 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 1.59 4.76 6.35 34.92 19.05 15.87 12.70 4.76 0.00 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 1.59 3.17 14.29 12.70 28.57 17.46 12.70 9.52 0.00 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 7.94 15.87 14.29 7.94 6.35 33.33 9.52 4.76 0.00 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 1.59 6.35 3.17 11.11 15.87 3.17 46.03 12.70 0.00 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 0.00 1.59 6.35 12.70 3.17 7.94 9.52 57.14 1.59 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.17 96.83 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 12.70 9.52 12.70 11.11 15.87 12.70 9.52 15.87
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 15.87 3.17 19.05 17.46 3.17 22.22 4.76 14.29
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 15.87 9.52 19.05 19.05 12.70 9.52 4.76 9.52
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 9.52 7.94 19.05 7.94 15.87 20.63 11.11 7.94
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 6.35 7.94 36.51 17.46 12.70 6.35 3.17 9.52

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 22.22 7.94 7.94 19.05 14.29 9.52 12.70 6.35
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 12.70 12.70 20.63 19.05 15.87 1.59 6.35 11.11
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 17.46 6.35 19.05 17.46 19.05 12.70 3.17 4.76
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 34.92 4.76 9.52 14.29 1.59 28.57 4.76 1.59
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 20.63 14.29 23.81 17.46 11.11 6.35 3.17 3.17
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 25.40 4.76 26.98 17.46 7.94 7.94 1.59 7.94
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 11.11 4.76 23.81 22.22 14.29 4.76 12.70 6.35

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 14 22.22%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 12 19.05%
More than 1 hour 2 3.17%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 15 23.81%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 20 31.75%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 27 42.86%
Yes, multiple times 10 15.87%
Yes, once 26 41.27%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 2 5.56%
Easy 14 38.89%
Not applicable (did not recharge my car abroad) 3 8.33%
Not easy, but not difficult either 5 13.89%
Very difficult 1 2.78%
Very easy 11 30.56%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 33.33 19.05 6.35 14.29 11.11 4.76 9.52 1.59
There are too few recharging stations along the way 23.81 33.33 20.63 4.76 7.94 6.35 1.59 1.59
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 14.29 12.70 38.10 17.46 6.35 9.52 1.59 0.00
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 9.52 15.87 12.70 30.16 20.63 3.17 7.94 0.00
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 3.17 7.94 11.11 19.05 38.10 12.70 6.35 1.59
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 1.59 6.35 6.35 9.52 12.70 50.79 11.11 1.59
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 7.94 3.17 4.76 4.76 3.17 12.70 60.32 3.17
Others 6.35 1.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.59 90.48

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 471 31.98%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 188 12.76%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 537 36.46%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 218 14.80%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 59 4.01%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Neutral BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
Positive BEV-Driver 18 63 28.57%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 1 63 1.59%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 5 63 7.94%
Very negative BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Very positive BEV-Driver 36 63 57.14%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 74 1466 5.05%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 326 1466 22.24%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 350 1466 23.87%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 146 1466 9.96%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 281 1466 19.17%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 60 1466 4.09%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 229 1466 15.62%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 44 63 69.84%
Neutral BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Not for me BEV-Driver 0 63 0.00%
Something for me BEV-Driver 17 63 26.98%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 158 1466 10.78%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 210 1466 14.32%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 421 1466 28.72%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 297 1466 20.26%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 380 1466 25.92%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 218 51.78%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 178 42.28%
More information about recharging options 175 41.57%
Test drive 84 19.95%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 73 17.34%
None of the above 72 17.10%
Other: namely: … 39 9.26%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 249 16.29%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 157 10.27%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 131 8.57%
Economical to use 123 8.04%
I don’t know 60 3.92%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 244 15.96%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 137 8.96%
There are too few public recharging points 108 7.06%
The driving range is still insufficient / I can’t drive far enough 104 6.80%
I prefer waiting until EV’s become more common 77 5.04%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
11 I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 57.89%
11 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 57.89%
9 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 47.37%
8 There are too few recharging stations along the way 42.11%
7 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 36.84%
7 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 36.84%
3 I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 15.79%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 2 62 3.23%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 2 62 3.23%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 8 62 12.90%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 7 62 11.29%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 16 62 25.81%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 14 62 22.58%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 13 62 20.97%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 60 1465 4.10%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 79 1465 5.39%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 256 1465 17.47%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 223 1465 15.22%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 269 1465 18.36%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 306 1465 20.89%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 272 1465 18.57%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 46 61 75.41%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 1 61 1.64%
Diesel BEV-Driver 1 61 1.64%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 1 61 1.64%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 3 61 4.92%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 0 61 0.00%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 1 61 1.64%
Petrol BEV-Driver 6 61 9.84%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 2 61 3.28%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 261 1387 18.82%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 15 1387 1.08%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 108 1387 7.79%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 189 1387 13.63%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 344 1387 24.80%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 3 1387 0.22%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 12 1387 0.87%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 307 1387 22.13%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 148 1387 10.67%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 238 21.14%
No 353 31.35%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 241 21.40%
Yes, within 0-2 years 36 3.20%
Yes, within 2-3 years 55 4.88%
Yes, within 3-5 years 79 7.02%
Yes, within 5-10 years 124 11.01%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 144 48.98%
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 142 48.30%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 141 47.96%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 140 47.62%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 89 30.27%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 49 16.67%
Other, namely: … 19 6.46%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 18 6.12%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficient driving range 435 29.67%
An important financial or fiscal disadvantage if not buying an EV 389 26.53%
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 331 22.58%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 267 18.21%
A sufficiently dense public recharging network 227 15.48%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 41 61 67.21%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 17 61 27.87%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 0 61 0.00%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 3 61 4.92%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 547 1387 39.44%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 453 1387 32.66%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 45 1387 3.24%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 342 1387 24.66%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1344.086
1st Qu. 12096.774
Median 20161.290
Mean 24292.766
3rd Qu. 33602.151
Max 94086.022
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 492.000

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1102.151
1st Qu. 14112.903
Median 26881.720
Mean 29936.260
3rd Qu. 40322.581
Max 94086.022
No interest in BEV (count) 625.000

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 4 61 6.56%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 3 61 4.92%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 1 61 1.64%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 11 61 18.03%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 18 61 29.51%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 14 61 22.95%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 10 61 16.39%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 165 1387 11.90%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 124 1387 8.94%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 47 1387 3.39%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 212 1387 15.28%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 300 1387 21.63%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 238 1387 17.16%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 301 1387 21.70%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 10 63 15.87%
2030 BEV-Driver 13 63 20.63%
2035 BEV-Driver 19 63 30.16%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 11 63 17.46%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 8 63 12.70%
Never BEV-Driver 2 63 3.17%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 44 1466 3.00%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 162 1466 11.05%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 343 1466 23.40%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 357 1466 24.35%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 353 1466 24.08%
Never non-BEV-Driver 207 1466 14.12%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 758 49.57%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 286 18.71%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 261 17.07%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 201 13.15%
Purchase subsidy new electric car 196 12.82%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 100 6.54%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 72 4.71%
Others, namely: … 26 1.70%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 46 63 73.02%
Yes BEV-Driver 17 63 26.98%
No non-BEV-Driver 1323 1466 90.25%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 143 1466 9.75%