Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 14 49 28.57%
Male BEV-Driver 35 49 71.43%
Female non-BEV-Driver 849 1644 51.64%
Male non-BEV-Driver 795 1644 48.36%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 17 49 34.69%
35-55 BEV-Driver 18 49 36.73%
55+ BEV-Driver 14 49 28.57%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 360 1644 21.90%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 566 1644 34.43%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 718 1644 43.67%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 1 49 2.04%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 20 49 40.82%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 28 49 57.14%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 115 1644 7.00%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 1104 1644 67.15%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 425 1644 25.85%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 34 2.01%
≥ 6000 € 78 4.61%
2000-3999 € 799 47.19%
4000-5999 € 381 22.50%
800-1999 € 401 23.69%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 1 49 2.04%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 5 49 10.20%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 21 49 42.86%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 19 49 38.78%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 3 49 6.12%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 33 1644 2.01%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 73 1644 4.44%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 778 1644 47.32%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 362 1644 22.02%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 398 1644 24.21%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 379 22.39%
I live with family 122 7.21%
I live with others: co-housing 18 1.06%
Married or living together with child(ren) 502 29.65%
Married or living together without children 560 33.08%
Other housing situation, namely: 10 0.59%
Single parent with child(ren) 102 6.02%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 4 49 8.16%
I live with family BEV-Driver 3 49 6.12%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 0 49 0.00%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 23 49 46.94%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 18 49 36.73%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 0 49 0.00%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 1 49 2.04%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 375 1644 22.81%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 119 1644 7.24%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 18 1644 1.09%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 479 1644 29.14%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 542 1644 32.97%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 10 1644 0.61%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 101 1644 6.14%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 351 20.73%
Attached house 331 19.55%
Detached house 684 40.40%
Others, namely: 8 0.47%
Semi-detached house 319 18.84%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 8 49 16.33%
Attached house BEV-Driver 9 49 18.37%
Detached house BEV-Driver 27 49 55.10%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 1 49 2.04%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 4 49 8.16%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 343 1644 20.86%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 322 1644 19.59%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 657 1644 39.96%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 7 1644 0.43%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 315 1644 19.16%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 384 22.68%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 1275 75.31%
N/A 34 2.01%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 2 49 4.08%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 45 49 91.84%
N/A BEV-Driver 2 49 4.08%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 382 1644 23.24%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 1230 1644 74.82%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 32 1644 1.95%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 32 65.31% 49
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 524 31.87% 1644
Heat pump BEV-Driver 11 22.45% 49
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 176 10.71% 1644
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 3 6.12% 49
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 45 2.74% 1644
Home battery BEV-Driver 7 14.29% 49
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 63 3.83% 1644
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 1 2.04% 49
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 33 2.01% 1644
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 14 28.57% 49
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 990 60.22% 1644

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 1130 66.75%
Three cars or more 82 4.84%
Two cars 481 28.41%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 19 49 38.78%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 6 49 12.24%
Two cars BEV-Driver 24 49 48.98%
One car non-BEV-Driver 1111 1644 67.58%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 76 1644 4.62%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 457 1644 27.80%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 39 2.30%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 9 0.53%
Diesel 605 35.74%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 82 4.84%
I don’t know 1 0.06%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 9 0.53%
None of the vehicles above 4 0.24%
Petrol 933 55.11%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 11 0.65%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 7 39 17.95%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 0 39 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 8 39 20.51%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 0 39 0.00%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 24 39 61.54%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 16 1654 0.97%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 8 1654 0.48%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 90 1654 5.44%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 48 1654 2.90%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 1492 1654 90.21%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 10 1.78%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 4 0.71%
Diesel 217 38.54%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 15 2.66%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2 0.36%
None of the vehicles above 1 0.18%
Petrol 309 54.88%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 5 0.89%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 3 10 30.00%
Car sharing 2nd car is BEV 0 10 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 2 10 20.00%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 1 10 10.00%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 4 10 40.00%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 5 553 0.90%
Car sharing 2nd car NOT BEV 10 553 1.81%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 66 553 11.93%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 17 553 3.07%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 455 553 82.28%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 1 1.22%
Diesel 31 37.80%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 2 2.44%
Petrol 47 57.32%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 1 1.22%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Car sharing 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 0 1 0.00%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 1 1 100.00%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 5 81 6.17%
Car sharing 3rd car NOT BEV 4 81 4.94%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 5 81 6.17%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 2 81 2.47%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 65 81 80.25%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 11 57 19.30%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 194 1696 11.44%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 17 57 29.82%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 46 1696 2.71%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 8 57 14.04%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 276 1696 16.27%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 0 57 0.00%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 17 1696 1.00%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 21 57 36.84%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 1163 1696 68.57%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 4 49 8.16%
Daily BEV-Driver 21 49 42.86%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 1 49 2.04%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 23 49 46.94%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 160 1644 9.73%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 690 1644 41.97%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 28 1644 1.70%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 766 1644 46.59%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 7500.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 13481.46
3rd Qu. 15800.00
Max 73000.00
I don’t know (count) 429.00

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 3500.0
1st Qu. 11000.0
Median 15000.0
Mean 19435.9
3rd Qu. 25000.0
Max 60000.0
I don’t know (count) 8.0

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 7375.00
Median 10000.00
Mean 13277.75
3rd Qu. 15000.00
Max 73000.00
I don’t know (count) 421.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 1195 1679 71.17%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 213 1679 12.69%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 159 1679 9.47%
Reserved parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 69 1679 4.11%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 38 51 74.51%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 25 1679 1.49%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 18 1679 1.07%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 5 51 9.80%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 4 51 7.84%
Reserved parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 3 51 5.88%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 1 51 1.96%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 0 51 0.00%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.0000
1st Qu. 18.0000
Median 35.0000
Mean 60.3898
3rd Qu. 70.0000
Max 500.0000
I don’t know (count) 377.0000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 15.000
1st Qu. 50.000
Median 80.000
Mean 115.275
3rd Qu. 151.500
Max 350.000
I don’t know (count) 7.000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.0000
1st Qu. 17.0000
Median 35.0000
Mean 58.6107
3rd Qu. 65.0000
Max 500.0000
I don’t know (count) 370.0000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 13.3106615 8.667069 3.0642716
Home, on-street along public road 3.2385706 6.606862 2.3358784
Employer’s car park 2.0318960 3.582181 1.2664922
Along public roads on-street 1.8486415 4.361679 1.5420866
Public car parking 1.2058476 3.095172 1.0943086
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 0.8406970 1.894637 0.6698553
Other places 0.5534554 2.479635 0.8766833
Not parked/driving 0.9702304 2.565888 0.9071783

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 40 81.63%
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 38 77.55%
For commuting and work activities 33 67.35%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 15 30.61%
Others, namely: … 2 4.08%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 19 49 38.78%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 9 49 18.37%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 1 49 2.04%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 49 0.00%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 0 49 0.00%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 20 49 40.82%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 0 49 0.00%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 363 1644 22.08%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 531 1644 32.30%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 299 1644 18.19%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 11 1644 0.67%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 73 1644 4.44%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 185 1644 11.25%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 182 1644 11.07%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 23 49 46.94%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 0 49 0.00%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 6 49 12.24%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 15 49 30.61%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 5 49 10.20%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 613 1571 39.02%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 124 1571 7.89%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 214 1571 13.62%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 367 1571 23.36%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 253 1571 16.10%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
Since <1 year 21 42.86%
Since 1-2 years 14 28.57%
Since 2-3 years 8 16.33%
Since 3-4 years 2 4.08%
Since 4-5 years 3 6.12%
Since longer than 5 years 1 2.04%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 5 62.50%
Second-hand 3 37.50%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 2 8.33%
€20.001 - €30.000 8 33.33%
€30.001 - €40.000 6 25.00%
€40.001 - €50.000 4 16.67%
€50.001 - €75.000 3 12.50%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 4.17%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€601 - €700 2 28.57%
€701 - €800 1 14.29%
€901 - €1000 1 14.29%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 14.29%
More than €1000 2 28.57%

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 7 17.95%
301 – 400 km 12 30.77%
401 – 500 km 11 28.21%
501 – 600 km 6 15.38%
Until 200 km 3 7.69%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 3 7.69%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 11 28.21%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 2 5.13%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 10 25.64%
Yes, this is achieved 13 33.33%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 18 46.15%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 2 5.13%
This is usually enough 18 46.15%
This is usually not enough 1 2.56%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car is private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 2 100.00%

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€20.001 - €30.000 1 25.00%
€50.001 - €75.000 2 50.00%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 25.00%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car is private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 1 25.00%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 25.00%
Less than €500 1 25.00%
More than €1000 1 25.00%

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 2 20.00%
301 – 400 km 6 60.00%
I don’t know 1 10.00%
Until 200 km 1 10.00%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 1 11.11%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 1 11.11%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 4 44.44%
Yes, this is achieved 3 33.33%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 2 20.00%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 4 40.00%
This is usually enough 4 40.00%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€50.001 - €75.000 1 100.00%

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
401 – 500 km 1 100.00%

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 1 100.00%

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

3rd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 1 100.00%

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 28.57 8.16 32.65 12.24 18.37
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 18.37 2.04 51.02 6.12 22.45
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 12.24 4.08 44.90 10.20 28.57
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 6.12 6.12 10.20 22.45 55.10
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 12.24 20.41 4.08 32.65 30.61
Normal household socket at home 10.20 4.08 10.20 14.29 61.22

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.76 0.14 0.12
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.67 0.1 0.24
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.55 0.04 0.41
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.29 0.04 0.67

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 8.16 12.24 10.2 8.16 38.78 22.45

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 42.86 22.45 14.29 10.20 2.04 8.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 26.53 24.49 10.20 16.33 4.08 12.24 6.12 0.00 0.00 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 0.00 8.16 22.45 12.24 22.45 18.37 8.16 8.16 0.00 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 8.16 4.08 6.12 16.33 14.29 14.29 18.37 18.37 0.00 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 6.12 14.29 16.33 10.20 20.41 16.33 14.29 2.04 0.00 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 14.29 22.45 8.16 16.33 8.16 22.45 4.08 4.08 0.00 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 0.00 0.00 14.29 2.04 18.37 4.08 38.78 20.41 2.04 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 2.04 4.08 8.16 16.33 10.20 4.08 10.20 42.86 2.04 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.08 95.92 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 14.29 26.53 12.24 14.29 16.33 2.04 10.20 4.08
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 34.69 8.16 14.29 20.41 6.12 8.16 2.04 6.12
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 22.45 20.41 18.37 16.33 8.16 4.08 4.08 6.12
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 20.41 20.41 16.33 18.37 2.04 10.20 10.20 2.04
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 20.41 2.04 22.45 34.69 8.16 0.00 4.08 8.16

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 18.37 8.16 16.33 14.29 14.29 24.49 2.04 2.04
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 20.41 12.24 12.24 32.65 10.20 8.16 2.04 2.04
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 22.45 8.16 8.16 26.53 6.12 20.41 4.08 4.08
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 24.49 4.08 6.12 20.41 6.12 34.69 0.00 4.08
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 18.37 2.04 20.41 28.57 10.20 10.20 6.12 4.08
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 14.29 18.37 16.33 20.41 8.16 4.08 4.08 14.29
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 6.12 28.57 16.33 6.12 8.16 4.08 22.45 8.16

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 13 26.53%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 19 38.78%
More than 1 hour 4 8.16%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 8 16.33%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 5 10.20%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 17 34.69%
Yes, multiple times 23 46.94%
Yes, once 9 18.37%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 1 3.12%
Easy 13 40.62%
Not applicable (did not recharge my car abroad) 2 6.25%
Not easy, but not difficult either 3 9.38%
Very difficult 1 3.12%
Very easy 12 37.50%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 7
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 30.61 18.37 16.33 14.29 10.20 8.16 2.04 0.00
There are too few recharging stations along the way 26.53 22.45 26.53 16.33 6.12 2.04 0.00 0.00
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 4.08 22.45 26.53 22.45 10.20 4.08 0.00 10.20
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 18.37 20.41 4.08 22.45 14.29 10.20 2.04 8.16
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 6.12 10.20 14.29 12.24 32.65 18.37 0.00 6.12
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 8.16 4.08 4.08 12.24 12.24 46.94 0.00 12.24
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 0.00 2.04 8.16 0.00 14.29 10.20 4.08 61.22
Others 6.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.84 2.04

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 521 31.50%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 224 13.54%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 689 41.66%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 160 9.67%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 60 3.63%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 0 49 0.00%
Neutral BEV-Driver 2 49 4.08%
Positive BEV-Driver 15 49 30.61%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 1 49 2.04%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 4 49 8.16%
Very negative BEV-Driver 0 49 0.00%
Very positive BEV-Driver 27 49 55.10%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 123 1644 7.48%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 399 1644 24.27%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 251 1644 15.27%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 258 1644 15.69%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 285 1644 17.34%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 201 1644 12.23%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 127 1644 7.73%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 0 49 0.00%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 28 49 57.14%
Neutral BEV-Driver 2 49 4.08%
Not for me BEV-Driver 2 49 4.08%
Something for me BEV-Driver 17 49 34.69%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 330 1644 20.07%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 147 1644 8.94%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 502 1644 30.54%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 328 1644 19.95%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 337 1644 20.50%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 254 50.40%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 220 43.65%
More information about recharging options 205 40.67%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 170 33.73%
Test drive 102 20.24%
None of the above 51 10.12%
Other: namely: … 35 6.94%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 288 17.01%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 209 12.34%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 151 8.92%
Economical to use 136 8.03%
Possible to drive using my own (locally produced) electricity, eg from my solar panels 97 5.73%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 372 21.97%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 168 9.92%
There are too few public recharging points 149 8.80%
There are too few public fast recharging points 97 5.73%
The driving range is still insufficient / I can’t drive far enough 93 5.49%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
12 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 57.14%
12 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 57.14%
12 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 57.14%
8 There are too few recharging stations along the way 38.10%
4 I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 19.05%
3 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 14.29%
2 I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 9.52%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 2 49 4.08%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 2 49 4.08%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 13 49 26.53%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 3 49 6.12%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 14 49 28.57%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 13 49 26.53%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 2 49 4.08%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 63 1641 3.84%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 93 1641 5.67%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 368 1641 22.43%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 296 1641 18.04%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 256 1641 15.60%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 351 1641 21.39%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 214 1641 13.04%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 35 47 74.47%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 0 47 0.00%
Diesel BEV-Driver 0 47 0.00%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 4 47 8.51%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 3 47 6.38%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 0 47 0.00%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 0 47 0.00%
Petrol BEV-Driver 1 47 2.13%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 4 47 8.51%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 207 1551 13.35%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 14 1551 0.90%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 133 1551 8.58%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 299 1551 19.28%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 382 1551 24.63%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 16 1551 1.03%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 8 1551 0.52%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 356 1551 22.95%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 136 1551 8.77%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 314 23.36%
No 512 38.10%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 196 14.58%
Yes, within 0-2 years 44 3.27%
Yes, within 2-3 years 65 4.84%
Yes, within 3-5 years 109 8.11%
Yes, within 5-10 years 104 7.74%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 180 55.90%
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 139 43.17%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 129 40.06%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 117 36.34%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 90 27.95%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 29 9.01%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 27 8.39%
Other, namely: … 18 5.59%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 481 29.26%
A sufficient driving range 474 28.83%
The exemption [after 2024] from road taxes 345 20.99%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 340 20.68%
When I know for sure the energy network can handle it 306 18.61%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 37 47 78.72%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 8 47 17.02%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 2 47 4.26%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 0 47 0.00%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 646 1551 41.65%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 474 1551 30.56%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 97 1551 6.25%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 334 1551 21.53%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 18000.00
Mean 20053.66
3rd Qu. 25000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 492.00

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 15000.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 24553.84
3rd Qu. 30000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in BEV (count) 707.00

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 47 0.00%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 5 47 10.64%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 1 47 2.13%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 9 47 19.15%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 19 47 40.43%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 9 47 19.15%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 4 47 8.51%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 152 1551 9.80%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 121 1551 7.80%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 75 1551 4.84%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 230 1551 14.83%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 308 1551 19.86%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 274 1551 17.67%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 391 1551 25.21%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 1 49 2.04%
2030 BEV-Driver 10 49 20.41%
2035 BEV-Driver 19 49 38.78%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 8 49 16.33%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 8 49 16.33%
Never BEV-Driver 3 49 6.12%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 56 1644 3.41%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 217 1644 13.20%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 379 1644 23.05%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 321 1644 19.53%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 351 1644 21.35%
Never non-BEV-Driver 320 1644 19.46%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 913 53.93%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 278 16.42%
Purchase subsidy new electric car 201 11.87%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 195 11.52%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 188 11.10%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 171 10.10%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 84 4.96%
Others, namely: … 22 1.30%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 41 49 83.67%
Yes BEV-Driver 8 49 16.33%
No non-BEV-Driver 1429 1644 86.92%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 215 1644 13.08%