Introduction

In this document, we provide the reader with a comprehensive interpretation and understanding of the statistical analysis derived from the EAFO survey data. This document is for internal communication purposes only and is not meant to be published. Its purpose is to provide a more digestible overview of the data.

Interpretation

The EAFO survey analysis presented below aims to summarize the results of all questions (of all types: matrix-questions, open questions, multiple choice questions, etc.) in the most simple form: tables. Due to the variability question types, for example in the case of a multiple choice question, the interpretation of tables is not identical throughout the analysis and the reader is advised to interpret the ‘Frequency’ and ‘Population’ variables carefully.

  • Population stands for total number of respondents of the grouped variable: in most cases, it is divided by driver type (BEV-driver or NON-BEV-Driver).
  • Frequency: the raw number of times this specific answer choice was indicated the respondents.
  • The proportion is the Frequency divided by the population. The population numbers depends on the survey logic (who was able to answer that question) and in some cases the group (often BEV and non-BEV drivers).
  • For matrix questions: the matrix form has been kept as a table, with the indicated choices of the respondents as a percentage of the total for each row and column combination.
  • A respondent is considered a BEV-driver, if any of his/her cars is a Battery Electric Vehicle.
  • When “Error in dimnames(x) […] array extent” is displayed, it means there are no respondents in that specific category, therefore the table could not be generated.
  • For numerical open questions, outliers have been taken out.

Socio-demographic information

Gender

Gender of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Gender Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Female BEV-Driver 33 206 16.02%
Male BEV-Driver 172 206 83.50%
Other BEV-Driver 1 206 0.49%
Female non-BEV-Driver 859 1614 53.22%
Male non-BEV-Driver 752 1614 46.59%
Other non-BEV-Driver 3 1614 0.19%

Age

Age of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Age Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
-35 BEV-Driver 33 206 16.02%
35-55 BEV-Driver 81 206 39.32%
55+ BEV-Driver 92 206 44.66%
-35 non-BEV-Driver 467 1614 28.93%
35-55 non-BEV-Driver 597 1614 36.99%
55+ non-BEV-Driver 550 1614 34.08%

Education

Education of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Education Level Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Levels 0 - 2 BEV-Driver 18 206 8.74%
Levels 3 - 4 BEV-Driver 110 206 53.40%
Levels 5 - 8 BEV-Driver 78 206 37.86%
Levels 0 - 2 non-BEV-Driver 231 1614 14.31%
Levels 3 - 4 non-BEV-Driver 958 1614 59.36%
Levels 5 - 8 non-BEV-Driver 425 1614 26.33%

Income

Income of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
< 800 € 54 2.97%
≥ 6000 € 99 5.44%
2000-3999 € 832 45.71%
4000-5999 € 460 25.27%
800-1999 € 375 20.60%

Income & Driver Type

Income of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Income Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
< 800 € BEV-Driver 1 206 0.49%
≥ 6000 € BEV-Driver 31 206 15.05%
2000-3999 € BEV-Driver 88 206 42.72%
4000-5999 € BEV-Driver 69 206 33.50%
800-1999 € BEV-Driver 17 206 8.25%
< 800 € non-BEV-Driver 53 1614 3.28%
≥ 6000 € non-BEV-Driver 68 1614 4.21%
2000-3999 € non-BEV-Driver 744 1614 46.10%
4000-5999 € non-BEV-Driver 391 1614 24.23%
800-1999 € non-BEV-Driver 358 1614 22.18%

Residential Situation

Residential situation of Respondents
Income Frequency Proportion
I live alone 362 19.89%
I live with family 167 9.18%
I live with others: co-housing 31 1.70%
Married or living together with child(ren) 577 31.70%
Married or living together without children 608 33.41%
Other housing situation, namely: 12 0.66%
Single parent with child(ren) 63 3.46%

Residential Situation & DT

Residential situation of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Residential situation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I live alone BEV-Driver 25 206 12.14%
I live with family BEV-Driver 15 206 7.28%
I live with others: co-housing BEV-Driver 0 206 0.00%
Married or living together with child(ren) BEV-Driver 78 206 37.86%
Married or living together without children BEV-Driver 84 206 40.78%
Other housing situation, namely: BEV-Driver 2 206 0.97%
Single parent with child(ren) BEV-Driver 2 206 0.97%
I live alone non-BEV-Driver 337 1614 20.88%
I live with family non-BEV-Driver 152 1614 9.42%
I live with others: co-housing non-BEV-Driver 31 1614 1.92%
Married or living together with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 499 1614 30.92%
Married or living together without children non-BEV-Driver 524 1614 32.47%
Other housing situation, namely: non-BEV-Driver 10 1614 0.62%
Single parent with child(ren) non-BEV-Driver 61 1614 3.78%

Accommodation Type

Accommodation of Respondents
Accommodation Frequency Proportion
Appartement/studio 812 44.62%
Attached house 110 6.04%
Detached house 795 43.68%
Others, namely: 17 0.93%
Semi-detached house 86 4.73%

Accommodation Type & DT

Accommodation Type of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Accommodation Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Appartement/studio BEV-Driver 55 206 26.70%
Attached house BEV-Driver 8 206 3.88%
Detached house BEV-Driver 125 206 60.68%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 0 206 0.00%
Semi-detached house BEV-Driver 18 206 8.74%
Appartement/studio non-BEV-Driver 757 1614 46.90%
Attached house non-BEV-Driver 102 1614 6.32%
Detached house non-BEV-Driver 670 1614 41.51%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 17 1614 1.05%
Semi-detached house non-BEV-Driver 68 1614 4.21%

Ownership model (Acc)

Ownership model of Respondents
Ownership Model Frequency Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation 720 39.56%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation 1076 59.12%
N/A 24 1.32%

Ownership Model (Acc) & DT

Ownership Model (Acc) of BEV Drivers vs non-BEV-Drivers
Ownership model Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
I live in a rental accommodation BEV-Driver 49 206 23.79%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation BEV-Driver 156 206 75.73%
N/A BEV-Driver 1 206 0.49%
I live in a rental accommodation non-BEV-Driver 671 1614 41.57%
I live in an owner-occupied accommodation non-BEV-Driver 920 1614 57.00%
N/A non-BEV-Driver 23 1614 1.43%

Possession of Renewable Energy Devices

Renewable Energy sources of respondents
Energy device Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Solar panels BEV-Driver 112 54.37% 206
Solar panels non-BEV-Driver 278 17.22% 1614
Heat pump BEV-Driver 73 35.44% 206
Heat pump non-BEV-Driver 352 21.81% 1614
Geothermal power system BEV-Driver 5 2.43% 206
Geothermal power system non-BEV-Driver 45 2.79% 1614
Home battery BEV-Driver 54 26.21% 206
Home battery non-BEV-Driver 208 12.89% 1614
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 31 15.05% 206
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 95 5.89% 1614
I don’t have a source of renewable energy BEV-Driver 68 33.01% 206
I don’t have a source of renewable energy non-BEV-Driver 959 59.42% 1614

Car ownership

Number of cars

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents
Car number Frequency Proportion
One car 1000 54.95%
Three cars or more 140 7.69%
Two cars 680 37.36%

Number of Cars & DT

Number of cars owned per household of Respondents, depending on DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
One car BEV-Driver 66 206 32.04%
Three cars or more BEV-Driver 30 206 14.56%
Two cars BEV-Driver 110 206 53.40%
One car non-BEV-Driver 934 1614 57.87%
Three cars or more non-BEV-Driver 110 1614 6.82%
Two cars non-BEV-Driver 570 1614 35.32%

Car type of the main car

Main car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 197 10.82%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 7 0.38%
Diesel 780 42.86%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 42 2.31%
I don’t know 1 0.05%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 2 0.11%
None of the vehicles above 2 0.11%
Petrol 768 42.20%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 21 1.15%

Ownership Model Main Car (DT)

Ownership model of the main car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car is BEV 15 197 7.61%
Car sharing Main car is BEV 1 197 0.51%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car is BEV 24 197 12.18%
Private leasing Main car is BEV 41 197 20.81%
Privately owned Main car is BEV 116 197 58.88%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) Main car NOT BEV 6 1623 0.37%
Car sharing Main car NOT BEV 4 1623 0.25%
Company car (if you are an employee) Main car NOT BEV 27 1623 1.66%
Private leasing Main car NOT BEV 175 1623 10.78%
Privately owned Main car NOT BEV 1411 1623 86.94%

Car type of the 2nd car

2nd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 53 6.46%
Diesel 364 44.39%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 12 1.46%
I don’t know 1 0.12%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 1 0.12%
Petrol 379 46.22%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 10 1.22%

Ownership Model 2nd Car (DT)

Ownership model of the 2nd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car is BEV 2 53 3.77%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car is BEV 3 53 5.66%
Private leasing 2nd car is BEV 9 53 16.98%
Privately owned 2nd car is BEV 39 53 73.58%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 2nd car NOT BEV 8 767 1.04%
Company car (if you are an employee) 2nd car NOT BEV 21 767 2.74%
Private leasing 2nd car NOT BEV 62 767 8.08%
Privately owned 2nd car NOT BEV 676 767 88.14%

Car type of the 3rd car

3rd car type of respondents
Car type Frequency Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. 2 1.43%
Diesel 76 54.29%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. 1 0.71%
Petrol 60 42.86%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. 1 0.71%

Ownership Model 3rd Car DT

Ownership model of the 3rd car by DT
Car Number Driver Type Frequency Total DT Proportion
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car is BEV 0 2 0.00%
Car sharing 3rd car is BEV 0 2 0.00%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car is BEV 0 2 0.00%
Private leasing 3rd car is BEV 0 2 0.00%
Privately owned 3rd car is BEV 2 2 100.00%
Business leasing (if you are self-employed/independent professional) 3rd car NOT BEV 4 138 2.90%
Car sharing 3rd car NOT BEV 1 138 0.72%
Company car (if you are an employee) 3rd car NOT BEV 4 138 2.90%
Private leasing 3rd car NOT BEV 7 138 5.07%
Privately owned 3rd car NOT BEV 122 138 88.41%

Mobility benefits (DT)

Mobility benefits of respondents by DT
Mobility benefit Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Company fuel pass BEV-Driver 5 212 2.36%
Company fuel pass non-BEV-Driver 189 1667 11.34%
Company recharging pass BEV-Driver 25 212 11.79%
Company recharging pass non-BEV-Driver 42 1667 2.52%
Kilometer compensation BEV-Driver 41 212 19.34%
Kilometer compensation non-BEV-Driver 327 1667 19.62%
Others, namely: BEV-Driver 5 212 2.36%
Others, namely: non-BEV-Driver 7 1667 0.42%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits BEV-Driver 136 212 64.15%
I do not enjoy any mobility benefits non-BEV-Driver 1102 1667 66.11%

Car Use

Frequency of Car Use

Car use frequency by DT
Frequency of use Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
A few times a month BEV-Driver 11 206 5.34%
Daily BEV-Driver 99 206 48.06%
Less than once a month BEV-Driver 0 206 0.00%
Several times a week BEV-Driver 96 206 46.60%
A few times a month non-BEV-Driver 148 1614 9.17%
Daily non-BEV-Driver 704 1614 43.62%
Less than once a month non-BEV-Driver 25 1614 1.55%
Several times a week non-BEV-Driver 737 1614 45.66%

Km per year (All)

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 15000.00
Mean 15509.41
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 70000.00
I don’t know (count) 399.00

Km Year BEV

Statistic Value
Min 2000.00
1st Qu. 14000.00
Median 18000.00
Mean 19567.66
3rd Qu. 25000.00
Max 60000.00
I don’t know (count) 15.00

Km Year NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 8000.00
Median 12000.00
Mean 14866.52
3rd Qu. 20000.00
Max 70000.00
I don’t know (count) 384.00

Parking Possibilities

Parking Availability
Parking Type Driver Type Frequency Total Proportion
Private parking on your own driveway or garage non-BEV-Driver 1012 1746 57.96%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) non-BEV-Driver 441 1746 25.26%
Private parking on your own driveway or garage BEV-Driver 156 211 73.93%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) non-BEV-Driver 152 1746 8.71%
Private parking spot on the road non-BEV-Driver 77 1746 4.41%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain non-BEV-Driver 53 1746 3.04%
Private parking spot in a shared garage or parking terrain (e.g. of a residential apartment) BEV-Driver 40 211 18.96%
Somewhere else, namely: … non-BEV-Driver 11 1746 0.63%
Non-designated public on-street parking spot (not delineated, so without parking spot markings) BEV-Driver 7 211 3.32%
Private parking spot on the road BEV-Driver 5 211 2.37%
Public parking place in a public garage or parking terrain BEV-Driver 3 211 1.42%
Somewhere else, namely: … BEV-Driver 0 211 0.00%

Km per day (All)

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 25.00000
Median 50.00000
Mean 89.31125
3rd Qu. 100.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 289.00000

Km day BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.0000
1st Qu. 37.2500
Median 60.0000
Mean 100.2766
3rd Qu. 150.0000
Max 500.0000
I don’t know (count) 9.0000

Km day NON BEV

Statistic Value
Min 5.00000
1st Qu. 25.00000
Median 50.00000
Mean 87.67645
3rd Qu. 100.00000
Max 500.00000
I don’t know (count) 280.00000

Car Idle Time per Spot (in hours)

Location Mean Std Dev Std Error
Home, at private parking or driveway 13.7892857 7.681586 2.7158509
Home, on-street along public road 2.4432967 5.549878 1.9621783
Employer’s car park 2.8247253 4.100013 1.4495736
Along public roads on-street 1.1220879 3.421202 1.2095776
Public car parking 1.5043956 3.500039 1.2374506
(semi-) public spaces (e.g. supermarkt, hospital, …) 0.9089286 2.051314 0.7252489
Other places 0.5552198 2.532602 0.8954101
Not parked/driving 0.8520604 2.330007 0.8237819

Car use

Main Activites of BEV drivers
Activity Frequency Proportion
For leisure activities (e.g. visiting family and friends, attending cultural activities, shopping / walking, sports / clubs, day trips) 191 92.72%
For shopping/errands (e.g., shopping, bringing and picking up the children, doctor visits, care of family members, administration) 186 90.29%
For commuting and work activities 145 70.39%
For trips to travel destination(s) / on holiday > 500km 128 62.14%

Car acquisition

Last Purchase

Last purchase of car by DT
Last purchase Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
1-2 years ago BEV-Driver 71 206 34.47%
3-5 years ago BEV-Driver 41 206 19.90%
6-10 years ago BEV-Driver 12 206 5.83%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 0 206 0.00%
I never bought or leased a car BEV-Driver 1 206 0.49%
Less than 1 year ago BEV-Driver 79 206 38.35%
Longer than 10 years ago BEV-Driver 2 206 0.97%
1-2 years ago non-BEV-Driver 365 1614 22.61%
3-5 years ago non-BEV-Driver 602 1614 37.30%
6-10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 290 1614 17.97%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 8 1614 0.50%
I never bought or leased a car non-BEV-Driver 13 1614 0.81%
Less than 1 year ago non-BEV-Driver 195 1614 12.08%
Longer than 10 years ago non-BEV-Driver 141 1614 8.74%

New VS 2nd Hand

Indicated purchase of second-hand vs new car by DT
Status Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Always a new car BEV-Driver 28 205 13.66%
Always a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 9 205 4.39%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one BEV-Driver 55 205 26.83%
Usually a new car BEV-Driver 67 205 32.68%
Usually a used/second-hand car BEV-Driver 46 205 22.44%
Always a new car non-BEV-Driver 312 1601 19.49%
Always a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 175 1601 10.93%
As many times a new car as a used/second-hand one non-BEV-Driver 312 1601 19.49%
Usually a new car non-BEV-Driver 359 1601 22.42%
Usually a used/second-hand car non-BEV-Driver 443 1601 27.67%

Since when BEV driver

Since when do you drive electric?
Since … Frequency Proportion
Since <1 year 51 24.76%
Since 1-2 years 41 19.90%
Since 2-3 years 29 14.08%
Since 3-4 years 18 8.74%
Since 4-5 years 21 10.19%
Since longer than 5 years 46 22.33%

Main Private BEV: Used vs New

Main private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 65 71.43%
Second-hand 26 28.57%

Main Private BEV: Price

Main private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 15 12.93%
€20.001 - €30.000 26 22.41%
€30.001 - €40.000 26 22.41%
€40.001 - €50.000 14 12.07%
€50.001 - €75.000 26 22.41%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 0.86%
Less than €10.000 5 4.31%
More than €75.000 3 2.59%

Main BEV: Leasing Price

Main private BEV: leasing cost?
Leasing cost Frequency Proportion
€500 - €600 8 14.29%
€601 - €700 5 8.93%
€701 - €800 1 1.79%
€801 - €900 3 5.36%
€901 - €1000 1 1.79%
I don’t know / don’t wish to tell 1 1.79%
Less than €500 36 64.29%
More than €1000 1 1.79%

Main BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

Main BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 40 20.30%
301 – 400 km 46 23.35%
401 – 500 km 64 32.49%
501 – 600 km 27 13.71%
601 – 700 km 6 3.05%
Until 200 km 14 7.11%

Main BEV: achieved in practice?

Main BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 4 2.03%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 62 31.47%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 37 18.78%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 34 17.26%
Yes, this is achieved 60 30.46%

Main BEV: Range satisfaction

Main BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 76 38.58%
This is never enough 1 0.51%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 18 9.14%
This is usually enough 97 49.24%
This is usually not enough 5 2.54%

2nd car Private BEV: Used vs New

2nd car is private BEV: second hand or new?
Status Frequency Proportion
New 16 51.61%
Second-hand 15 48.39%

2nd car Private BEV: Price

2nd car is private BEV: purchase price?
Price Frequency Proportion
€10.001 - € 20.000 9 23.08%
€20.001 - €30.000 7 17.95%
€30.001 - €40.000 7 17.95%
€40.001 - €50.000 4 10.26%
€50.001 - €75.000 7 17.95%
Less than €10.000 4 10.26%
More than €75.000 1 2.56%

2nd car BEV: Leasing Price

2nd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

2nd car is BEV: Factory Range?
Range (theoretical) Frequency Proportion
201 – 300 km 13 24.53%
301 – 400 km 14 26.42%
401 – 500 km 6 11.32%
501 – 600 km 5 9.43%
Until 200 km 15 28.30%

2nd car BEV: achieved in practice?

2nd car is BEV: do you reach the factory range in practice?
Range achievement Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 1 1.89%
No, between 10 and 20% less kilometers/driving range 16 30.19%
No, more than 20% less kilometers/driving range 10 18.87%
No, up to 10% less kilometers/driving range 14 26.42%
Yes, this is achieved 12 22.64%

2nd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

2nd car is BEV: is this achieved range in practice high enough?
Range satisfaction Frequency Proportion
This is always enough 18 33.96%
This is sometimes enough, sometimes not 3 5.66%
This is usually enough 31 58.49%
This is usually not enough 1 1.89%

3rd car Private BEV: Used vs New

3rd car Private BEV: Price

3rd car BEV: Leasing Price

3rd car BEV: RANGE (Theoretical)

3rd car BEV: achieved in practice?

3rd car is BEV: Range satisfaction

Recharging behaviour (only BEV drivers)

Recharging Frequency per location

Frequency per recharging location (in %)
Location A couple of times a month Almost daily Less than once a month Multiple times a week Never
Public recharging station on street or public parking (normal/ not-fast) 31.55 1.94 41.75 7.77 16.99
Public fast recharger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 26.21 1.94 51.46 3.40 16.99
Semi-public recharging station (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, etc.) 23.30 1.46 46.12 3.88 25.24
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 10.68 2.91 6.80 13.11 66.50
Private recharging station/ wallbox at home 23.79 19.90 6.31 22.33 27.67
Normal household socket at home 6.80 3.40 10.19 6.31 73.30

Payment Options per Location

Payment Table 1 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public recharging on-street (slow-charger) 0.77 0.08 0.19
Payment Table 2 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Public ultra-fast charger (e.g. highway parkings, fuel stations, etc.) 0.8 0.11 0.14
Payment Table 3 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Semi-public recharging (stores, restaurants, leisures/ sports centers, parking lots, etc.) 0.42 0.1 0.52
Payment Table 4 (Multiple Options possible: does not add up to 100%)
Location Charging card/app Payment on the spot (e.g. credit card, debit card, cash) Not applicable (e.g. free of charge, other means of payment)
Recharging station/ wallbox at workplace 0.12 0.04 0.84

Recharging Behaviour Description

If I have to describe my recharging behaviour …(in %)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6
I recharge my electric car often without taking into account the battery level = 1 // I recharge my electric car when the battery level reaches a certain threshold = 6 9.22 12.14 10.19 20.39 24.27 23.79

Important Characteristics Public Recharging

Indicated importance level of the different characteristics of a public recharging session (in %, 1 = Most important, 9 = least important)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Statement2
Q6.4_1 37.86 13.11 13.59 10.19 12.14 7.77 2.43 1.94 0.97 Recharging speed / power output of the recharging point, so I can get the quickest possible recharge
Q6.4_2 16.99 26.70 18.93 11.65 10.19 5.83 7.77 1.46 0.49 Easy access and payment via my recharging subscription (pass/app)
Q6.4_3 11.17 10.68 20.39 15.05 16.02 16.02 6.80 3.88 0.00 Possibility to pay per kWh only (instead of per minute or per session)
Q6.4_4 2.91 4.85 4.85 12.62 10.68 18.93 18.93 22.82 3.40 Convenient on the spot payment options (eg. debit/ credit card)
Q6.4_5 10.19 16.50 14.56 15.53 16.02 12.14 10.19 4.85 0.00 Clear and transparent price information, so I know how much I will be charged for my recharging session
Q6.4_6 11.65 16.50 11.17 14.08 12.14 15.05 13.59 5.83 0.00 Short/no waiting time to access the recharging point, to avoid queuing
Q6.4_7 0.97 3.88 4.85 5.34 9.71 12.62 28.64 33.01 0.97 Integrated cable, thanks to which you don’t need to get the cable out of the trunk
Q6.4_8 4.37 7.28 11.17 15.05 13.11 11.65 11.17 25.73 0.49 Possibility to do something else while your car recharges/amenities on site (food, coffee, toilets, etc)
Q6.4_9 3.88 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.49 93.69 Other (TEXT/NA)

Opinion Paying PRP

Opinion concerning paying at Public Recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I know how much I will pay before I start my recharging session 17.48 9.71 5.83 26.70 13.59 13.59 12.14 0.97
I am charged a kWh-based price for recharging 16.50 16.02 11.17 19.90 15.05 11.65 6.31 3.40
I dispose of different, convenient payment options for recharging 27.18 8.74 11.17 23.79 7.77 13.11 6.31 1.94
I prefer paying for my recharging session via a subscription rather than on the spot 23.30 10.19 8.25 11.17 5.34 23.79 16.02 1.94
I get ‘value for money’ at public recharging points 15.05 11.17 19.90 23.30 17.96 4.85 7.28 0.49

General opinions PRP

General opinion concerning public recharging points (in %)
Opinions Agree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly Agree Strongly disagree NA
I have a clear overview of the public recharging points in my vicinity 35.92 1.94 5.83 16.02 6.80 30.58 2.43 0.49
I have sufficient choice between different operators of recharging point / mobility service providers 28.16 6.80 9.22 26.70 11.17 12.62 4.85 0.49
I know how much time it will take to fully recharge my car at any given recharging point 34.47 1.94 6.80 14.56 3.40 36.89 1.46 0.49
I know which recharging connectors/plugs are compatible with my car 17.48 0.49 2.43 4.85 0.97 72.82 0.97 0.00
I know in advance whether a recharging point will be available for use or occupied 16.99 14.08 9.71 28.64 12.62 8.25 9.22 0.49
There are sufficient facilities (food, coffee, toilets, shelter, etc) at highway recharging stations 26.70 4.37 9.71 30.10 9.71 12.14 4.85 2.43
I know the origin of the electricity (e.g. renewable, green energy) 10.68 18.45 12.14 26.70 12.14 9.71 10.19 0.00

Waiting Time PRP

Waiting time at PRP
Waiting duration Frequency Proportion
15 minutes or less 68 33.01%
I never wait when a recharging point is occupied 94 45.63%
More than 1 hour 3 1.46%
More than 15 minutes but not more than 30 minutes 28 13.59%
More than 30 minutes but not more than 1 hour 13 6.31%

Abroad Travel BEV

Have you ever travelled abroad with your BEV?
Response Frequency Proportion
No, never 80 38.83%
Yes, multiple times 95 46.12%
Yes, once 31 15.05%

Abroad Recharging Experience Rating

How did you experience the recharging of your electric car abroad?
Experience Frequency Proportion
Difficult 8 6.35%
Easy 43 34.13%
Not applicable (did not recharge my car abroad) 5 3.97%
Not easy, but not difficult either 34 26.98%
Very difficult 3 2.38%
Very easy 33 26.19%

Barriers Recharging Abroad

What is your opinion concerning the following barriers for recharging abroad? (in %, ranking from 1 to 8)
Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 23.79 16.02 15.05 12.14 8.25 10.19 12.62 1.94
There are too few recharging stations along the way 14.56 30.58 19.90 13.59 11.65 5.83 3.40 0.49
I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 15.05 12.62 25.24 17.48 12.62 9.71 6.31 0.97
Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 16.02 9.22 8.25 22.82 16.50 15.05 10.19 1.94
Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 2.91 10.68 14.08 14.08 27.18 15.53 14.56 0.97
I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 4.37 9.22 12.14 8.25 11.65 33.01 21.36 0.00
I find it complicated or prohibitively expensive to pay for my recharging abroad (roaming issue) 15.53 10.19 4.85 11.65 12.14 9.71 30.10 5.83
Others 7.77 1.46 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.97 1.46 87.86

BEV Attitude

Familiarity with BEV

To what extent are you familiar with driving a battery electric car?
Extent Frequency Proportion
A bit familiar, I know something about it 496 30.56%
Familiar, I have a fair amount of knowledge about it 167 10.29%
Not familiar, I know very little to nothing about it 705 43.44%
Very familiar (via friends, relatives, or general interest), but I do not drive electric 136 8.38%
Very familiar, I drive electric on a regular basis 119 7.33%

Post/Neg Attitude BEV

To what extent are you positive or negative about battery electric vehicles in general? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Negative BEV-Driver 3 206 1.46%
Neutral BEV-Driver 1 206 0.49%
Positive BEV-Driver 31 206 15.05%
Somewhat negative BEV-Driver 0 206 0.00%
Somewhat positive BEV-Driver 9 206 4.37%
Very negative BEV-Driver 1 206 0.49%
Very positive BEV-Driver 161 206 78.16%
Negative non-BEV-Driver 193 1614 11.96%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 267 1614 16.54%
Positive non-BEV-Driver 226 1614 14.00%
Somewhat negative non-BEV-Driver 223 1614 13.82%
Somewhat positive non-BEV-Driver 254 1614 15.74%
Very negative non-BEV-Driver 252 1614 15.61%
Very positive non-BEV-Driver 199 1614 12.33%

BEV personal compatibility

To what extent is a battery electric vehicle something for you? (by DT)
Extent Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
Definitely not for me BEV-Driver 1 206 0.49%
Definitely something for me BEV-Driver 179 206 86.89%
Neutral BEV-Driver 2 206 0.97%
Not for me BEV-Driver 4 206 1.94%
Something for me BEV-Driver 20 206 9.71%
Definitely not for me non-BEV-Driver 381 1614 23.61%
Definitely something for me non-BEV-Driver 180 1614 11.15%
Neutral non-BEV-Driver 343 1614 21.25%
Not for me non-BEV-Driver 365 1614 22.61%
Something for me non-BEV-Driver 345 1614 21.38%

Clearer Opinion

What would you value most to form a clearer opinion about electric driving? (MPC; only respondents who selected Neutral in Q7.3)
Activity Frequency Proportion
More information about batteries and/or driving range 173 50.14%
Cost comparison with fossil fuel cars 147 42.61%
More information about recharging options 125 36.23%
Test drive 95 27.54%
Tailor-made advice linked to my personal needs 89 25.80%
None of the above 37 10.72%
Other: namely: … 30 8.70%

Advantages BEV

Top 5 advantages of BEV driving (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Advantage Frequency Proportion
Better for climate (no tailpipe CO2 emissions) 213 11.70%
Economical to use 121 6.65%
Better for human health and environment (no tailpipe pollutant emissions, such as fine particles, nitrogen, etc.) 116 6.37%
Driving characteristics (quiet, comfortable, fast, …) 99 5.44%
Possible to drive using my own (locally produced) electricity, eg from my solar panels 68 3.74%

Disadvantages BEV

Top 5 disandvatages of BEVs (MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option)
Disadvantage Frequency Proportion
The cars are too expensive 212 11.65%
I don’t have any way to recharge the car privately 126 6.92%
The driving range is still insufficient / I can’t drive far enough 89 4.89%
There are too few public recharging points 69 3.79%
I worry about the quality / duration of life of the battery 60 3.30%

Barriers Holiday with BEV

Travel barriers (MPC; by respondents who indicated that going on holidays is a major disadvantage for BEVs)
Frequency Disadvantage Proportion
4 Due to the slow and therefore long recharging times, I would lose too much time for recharging my car 44.44%
4 I find it overly burdensome to plan my trip in function of my recharging needs 44.44%
3 I don’t think I can recharge my car at my travel destination 33.33%
3 Due to the limited range of my electric car, I would have to stop too often to recharge my car along the way 33.33%
2 There are too few recharging stations along the way 22.22%
2 I don’t have enough information about where to recharge while on the road 22.22%

Future Car acquisition

Timeframe next car

Within which timeframe do you consider purchasing your next car? (by DT)
Timeframe Driver Type Frequency Group total Proportion
After more than 10 years BEV-Driver 9 206 4.37%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) BEV-Driver 5 206 2.43%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 29 206 14.08%
Within 0-2 years BEV-Driver 35 206 16.99%
Within 2-3 years BEV-Driver 31 206 15.05%
Within 3-5 years BEV-Driver 66 206 32.04%
Within 5-10 years BEV-Driver 31 206 15.05%
After more than 10 years non-BEV-Driver 51 1612 3.16%
I don’t intend to purchase another car (no need, usage of other mobility options) non-BEV-Driver 103 1612 6.39%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 217 1612 13.46%
Within 0-2 years non-BEV-Driver 297 1612 18.42%
Within 2-3 years non-BEV-Driver 313 1612 19.42%
Within 3-5 years non-BEV-Driver 396 1612 24.57%
Within 5-10 years non-BEV-Driver 235 1612 14.58%

Drivetrain Next Car

What type of drivetrain do you expect to choose for your next car? (by DT)
Drivetrain Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. BEV-Driver 172 201 85.57%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) BEV-Driver 0 201 0.00%
Diesel BEV-Driver 4 201 1.99%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. BEV-Driver 4 201 1.99%
I don’t know BEV-Driver 15 201 7.46%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) BEV-Driver 0 201 0.00%
None of the vehicles above BEV-Driver 0 201 0.00%
Petrol BEV-Driver 1 201 0.50%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. BEV-Driver 5 201 2.49%
Battery Electric Vehicle, i.e. no internal combustion engine; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by the mains. non-BEV-Driver 189 1511 12.51%
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) non-BEV-Driver 16 1511 1.06%
Diesel non-BEV-Driver 240 1511 15.88%
Hybrid Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor is recharged by recovery of brake energy but cannot be recharged through mains power. non-BEV-Driver 178 1511 11.78%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 353 1511 23.36%
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) non-BEV-Driver 6 1511 0.40%
None of the vehicles above non-BEV-Driver 14 1511 0.93%
Petrol non-BEV-Driver 377 1511 24.95%
Plugin-hybrid Electric Vehicle, i.e. combination of classical internal combustion and electric motor; the battery of the electric motor can be recharged through the mains. non-BEV-Driver 138 1511 9.13%

Consideration Timeframe BEV

Consideration and timeframe to purchase a BEV (By non-BEV drivers)
Timeframe Frequency Proportion
I don’t know 193 14.60%
No 535 40.47%
Yes, but without time frame in mind 180 13.62%
Yes, within 0-2 years 53 4.01%
Yes, within 2-3 years 88 6.66%
Yes, within 3-5 years 136 10.29%
Yes, within 5-10 years 137 10.36%

Motivation Purchase BEV

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers who expect to purchase a BEV at some point in the future)
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Then I expect electric cars to be affordable 250 60.39%
Then I expect good coverage from the recharging station network 190 45.89%
Then I expect electric cars to have a larger range 185 44.69%
Then I expect the battery life to be improved 182 43.96%
Then there will be more used/ second hand electric cars on the market 121 29.23%
Because then I will still be able to enjoy tax benefits (MRB/BPM/Purchase subsidy) 41 9.90%
Then I will no longer be constrained by access restrictions (e.g. city centers) or other regulatory constraints 32 7.73%
Other, namely: … 13 3.14%

Convincing Reasons for BEV purchase

What would convince you to buy an EV? - Top 5 Answers
Reason Frequency Proportion
A sufficient driving range 526 32.59%
An important financial or fiscal disadvantage if not buying an EV 454 28.13%
Access to a private recharging point (at home or at work), to benefit from lower recharging prices 377 23.36%
When I know for sure the energy network can handle it 319 19.76%
A sufficiently high purchase subsidy for an EV 304 18.84%

Car replacement choice

Suppose you need to replace your current car, and you can only choose among the following options, what would be the most likely option? (by DT)
Choice Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
Buying a new EV BEV-Driver 143 201 71.14%
Buying a second-hand EV BEV-Driver 56 201 27.86%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service BEV-Driver 2 201 1.00%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes BEV-Driver 0 201 0.00%
Buying a new EV non-BEV-Driver 625 1511 41.36%
Buying a second-hand EV non-BEV-Driver 617 1511 40.83%
Buying a subscription to a car sharing service non-BEV-Driver 166 1511 10.99%
I wouldn’t replace my car and would use other transport modes non-BEV-Driver 103 1511 6.82%

W2P Petrol

Willingness to pay for a petrol/diesel car (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 10000.00
Median 16000.00
Mean 18122.04
3rd Qu. 24000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in petrol/diesel car (count) 496.00

W2P BEV

Willingness to pay for a BEV (full sample)
Statistic Value
Min 1000.00
1st Qu. 15000.00
Median 20000.00
Mean 23400.79
3rd Qu. 30000.00
Max 100000.00
No interest in BEV (count) 692.00

Desired Range BEV

How far should an electric car (in practice) be able to drive for you on a full battery? (by DT)
Desired Range Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
I don’t know BEV-Driver 1 201 0.50%
Min. 200-300 km BEV-Driver 11 201 5.47%
Min. 200 km BEV-Driver 4 201 1.99%
Min. 300-400 km BEV-Driver 71 201 35.32%
Min. 400-500 km BEV-Driver 70 201 34.83%
Min. 500-600 km BEV-Driver 32 201 15.92%
More than 600 km BEV-Driver 12 201 5.97%
I don’t know non-BEV-Driver 112 1511 7.41%
Min. 200-300 km non-BEV-Driver 103 1511 6.82%
Min. 200 km non-BEV-Driver 45 1511 2.98%
Min. 300-400 km non-BEV-Driver 242 1511 16.02%
Min. 400-500 km non-BEV-Driver 368 1511 24.35%
Min. 500-600 km non-BEV-Driver 279 1511 18.46%
More than 600 km non-BEV-Driver 362 1511 23.96%

Market knowledge

Cars sold only BEV, year?

From what year do you think all new cars sold in your country will be fully electric? (by DT)
Year Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
2025 BEV-Driver 4 206 1.94%
2030 BEV-Driver 43 206 20.87%
2035 BEV-Driver 73 206 35.44%
2045 or later BEV-Driver 38 206 18.45%
I can’t tell BEV-Driver 22 206 10.68%
Never BEV-Driver 26 206 12.62%
2025 non-BEV-Driver 45 1614 2.79%
2030 non-BEV-Driver 125 1614 7.74%
2035 non-BEV-Driver 336 1614 20.82%
2045 or later non-BEV-Driver 317 1614 19.64%
I can’t tell non-BEV-Driver 278 1614 17.22%
Never non-BEV-Driver 513 1614 31.78%

Subsidies knowledge

Why do you expect to purchase an electric car within this period? (by non-BEV-Drivers; MPC; Proportion of respondents who selected this option))
Frequency Motivation Proportion
Purchase subsidy new electric car 586 32.20%
I am not aware of any subsidies for electric driving 578 31.76%
Road tax exemption (purchase tax) 525 28.85%
I know that electric driving benefits from subsidies, but I don’t know exactly which ones 336 18.46%
Higher tax deduction/ Lower addition (for a company car) 242 13.30%
Exemption (road tax) – international péage 162 8.90%
Purchase subsidy used electric car 135 7.42%
Others, namely: … 33 1.81%

EAFO Awareness

EAFO Awareness (whether the respondent has heard of it or not before taking the survey) (by DT)
Yes/No Driver Type Frequency Group Total Proportion
No BEV-Driver 181 206 87.86%
Yes BEV-Driver 25 206 12.14%
No non-BEV-Driver 1251 1614 77.51%
Yes non-BEV-Driver 363 1614 22.49%