{
  "access": {
    "embargo": {
      "active": false,
      "reason": null
    },
    "files": "public",
    "record": "public",
    "status": "open"
  },
  "created": "2024-11-26T18:59:12.164314+00:00",
  "custom_fields": {
    "journal:journal": {
      "issn": "2581-9615",
      "issue": "1",
      "pages": "1539\u20131545",
      "title": "World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews",
      "volume": "22"
    }
  },
  "deletion_status": {
    "is_deleted": false,
    "status": "P"
  },
  "files": {
    "count": 1,
    "enabled": true,
    "entries": {
      "WJARR-2024-1163.pdf": {
        "access": {
          "hidden": false
        },
        "checksum": "md5:3a959ba88e5511bf8498097f8a8a13b8",
        "ext": "pdf",
        "id": "0e65d3fd-ffd2-431e-a55b-2bfcc2176238",
        "key": "WJARR-2024-1163.pdf",
        "links": {
          "content": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/files/WJARR-2024-1163.pdf/content",
          "iiif_api": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899:WJARR-2024-1163.pdf/full/full/0/default.png",
          "iiif_base": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899:WJARR-2024-1163.pdf",
          "iiif_canvas": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899/canvas/WJARR-2024-1163.pdf",
          "iiif_info": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899:WJARR-2024-1163.pdf/info.json",
          "self": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/files/WJARR-2024-1163.pdf"
        },
        "metadata": {},
        "mimetype": "application/pdf",
        "size": 921516,
        "storage_class": "L"
      }
    },
    "order": [],
    "total_bytes": 921516
  },
  "id": "14225899",
  "is_draft": false,
  "is_published": true,
  "links": {
    "access": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/access",
    "access_grants": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/access/grants",
    "access_links": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/access/links",
    "access_request": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/access/request",
    "access_users": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/access/users",
    "archive": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/files-archive",
    "archive_media": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/media-files-archive",
    "communities": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/communities",
    "communities-suggestions": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/communities-suggestions",
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14225899",
    "draft": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/draft",
    "file_modification": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/file-modification",
    "files": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/files",
    "latest": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/versions/latest",
    "latest_html": "https://zenodo.org/records/14225899/latest",
    "media_files": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/media-files",
    "parent": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225898",
    "parent_doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14225898",
    "parent_doi_html": "https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14225898",
    "parent_html": "https://zenodo.org/records/14225898",
    "preview_html": "https://zenodo.org/records/14225899?preview=1",
    "quota_increase": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/quota-increase",
    "request_deletion": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/request-deletion",
    "requests": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/requests",
    "reserve_doi": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/draft/pids/doi",
    "self": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899",
    "self_doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14225899",
    "self_doi_html": "https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.14225899",
    "self_html": "https://zenodo.org/records/14225899",
    "self_iiif_manifest": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899/manifest",
    "self_iiif_sequence": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899/sequence/default",
    "thumbnails": {
      "10": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899:WJARR-2024-1163.pdf/full/%5E10,/0/default.jpg",
      "100": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899:WJARR-2024-1163.pdf/full/%5E100,/0/default.jpg",
      "1200": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899:WJARR-2024-1163.pdf/full/%5E1200,/0/default.jpg",
      "250": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899:WJARR-2024-1163.pdf/full/%5E250,/0/default.jpg",
      "50": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899:WJARR-2024-1163.pdf/full/%5E50,/0/default.jpg",
      "750": "https://zenodo.org/api/iiif/record:14225899:WJARR-2024-1163.pdf/full/%5E750,/0/default.jpg"
    },
    "versions": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/versions"
  },
  "media_files": {
    "count": 1,
    "enabled": true,
    "entries": {
      "WJARR-2024-1163.pdf.ptif": {
        "access": {
          "hidden": true
        },
        "ext": "ptif",
        "id": "9bdeccc4-b757-44fb-932e-cc992314446a",
        "key": "WJARR-2024-1163.pdf.ptif",
        "links": {
          "content": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/files/WJARR-2024-1163.pdf.ptif/content",
          "self": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/14225899/files/WJARR-2024-1163.pdf.ptif"
        },
        "metadata": null,
        "mimetype": "application/octet-stream",
        "processor": {
          "source_file_id": "0e65d3fd-ffd2-431e-a55b-2bfcc2176238",
          "status": "finished",
          "type": "image-tiles"
        },
        "size": 0,
        "storage_class": "L"
      }
    },
    "order": [],
    "total_bytes": 0
  },
  "metadata": {
    "creators": [
      {
        "affiliations": [
          {
            "name": "Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria."
          }
        ],
        "person_or_org": {
          "family_name": "Obinna Remigius Okwesili",
          "name": "Obinna Remigius Okwesili",
          "type": "personal"
        }
      },
      {
        "affiliations": [
          {
            "name": "Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Consultant Radiologist, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria"
          }
        ],
        "person_or_org": {
          "family_name": "Emmanuel Nebuwa Obikili",
          "name": "Emmanuel Nebuwa Obikili",
          "type": "personal"
        }
      },
      {
        "affiliations": [
          {
            "name": "Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria."
          }
        ],
        "person_or_org": {
          "family_name": "Johnson Uchechukwu Achebe",
          "name": "Johnson Uchechukwu Achebe",
          "type": "personal"
        }
      },
      {
        "affiliations": [
          {
            "name": "Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"
          },
          {
            "name": "South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Extramural Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"
          },
          {
            "name": "Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka."
          }
        ],
        "person_or_org": {
          "family_name": "Nto Johnson Nto",
          "name": "Nto Johnson Nto",
          "type": "personal"
        }
      }
    ],
    "description": "<div><strong>Background:&nbsp;</strong>The nose is an important aesthetic unit that is essential in defining the facial appearance of an individual and also helps in identifying a tribe or race. Understanding the distribution of nose types within the Igbo population is crucial for elucidating patterns of human diversity, population genetics, and evolutionary anthropology. The aims of this study were to determine some nasal parameters of Igbo adults, analyze the distribution of the types, check sexual dimorphism, and to correlate the parameters with age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) respectively</div>\n<div><strong>Materials and Methods:&nbsp;</strong>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 312 Igbos in Enugu of Southeastern Nigeria using cluster sampling. The nasal dimensions were measured with digital Vernier&rsquo;s calipers and the nasal indices were calculated. Weight and height were also measured and BMI calculated. All data were collated and analyzed.</div>\n<div><strong>Results:&nbsp;</strong>The mean age was 37.05 (&plusmn;15.83). The age range was 20 to 69 years and they were grouped into 20 &ndash; 29 years group, 30 &ndash; 39, 40 &ndash; 49, 50 &ndash; 59 and 60 &ndash; 69 years groups. The range nasal height was 37.24 - 57.63mm for males, while range for females was 32.43 - 52.97mm. The range for nasal width was 37.04 - 51.29mm for males and 32.93 - 48.52mm for females. The mean nasal widths of males were significantly wider than those of females in all age groups respectively (p &lt; 0.01). The mean nasal indices for males and females were 91.91 (platyrrhine) and 86.26 (platyrrhine) respectively. Majority of the sample population had platyrrhine nose (67%) while 32% of them had mesorrhine nose and only 1% of them had leptorrhine nose. There was a significant positive correlation between height of nose and width of nose of adult Igbos with their age, height and weight (p value &lt;0.01) and a significant negative correlation with body mass index (p &lt;0.01).</div>\n<div><strong>Conclusion:&nbsp;</strong>This study provides valuable insights into the distribution of nose types among the Igbo people of South-East Nigeria. We have characterized the prevalence of different nose types and explored potential associations with demographic and anthropometric factors. The major nose type of Igbos is platyrrhine, while the minor one is mesorrhine. Knowledge of nasal parameters are applied in forensic studies; and in surgeries involving the nose, and this ensures that individuals do not lose their identities even after extensive nasal surgeries.</div>",
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "identifier": "10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.1163",
        "scheme": "doi"
      }
    ],
    "languages": [
      {
        "id": "eng",
        "title": {
          "en": "English"
        }
      }
    ],
    "publication_date": "2024-04-30",
    "publisher": "Zenodo",
    "resource_type": {
      "id": "publication-article",
      "title": {
        "de": "Zeitschriftenartikel",
        "en": "Journal article"
      }
    },
    "rights": [
      {
        "description": {
          "en": "The Creative Commons Attribution license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the condition that the creator is appropriately credited."
        },
        "icon": "cc-by-icon",
        "id": "cc-by-4.0",
        "props": {
          "scheme": "spdx",
          "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode"
        },
        "title": {
          "en": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International"
        }
      }
    ],
    "subjects": [
      {
        "subject": "Nasal index"
      },
      {
        "subject": "Anthropometry"
      },
      {
        "subject": "Nose of Igbos"
      },
      {
        "subject": "Platyrrhine and mesorrhine"
      },
      {
        "subject": "Sexual dimorphism"
      },
      {
        "subject": "Nasal height"
      },
      {
        "subject": "nasal width"
      }
    ],
    "title": "Distribution of nose types among Igbos of South-East Nigeria"
  },
  "parent": {
    "access": {
      "owned_by": {
        "user": "155121"
      },
      "settings": {
        "accept_conditions_text": null,
        "allow_guest_requests": false,
        "allow_user_requests": false,
        "secret_link_expiration": 0
      }
    },
    "communities": {
      "default": "3f2ff331-d025-4509-8ae1-25e615894b54",
      "entries": [
        {
          "access": {
            "member_policy": "open",
            "members_visibility": "public",
            "record_submission_policy": "open",
            "review_policy": "open",
            "visibility": "public"
          },
          "children": {
            "allow": false
          },
          "created": "2020-12-03T17:23:41.015830+00:00",
          "custom_fields": {},
          "deletion_status": {
            "is_deleted": false,
            "status": "P"
          },
          "id": "3f2ff331-d025-4509-8ae1-25e615894b54",
          "links": {},
          "metadata": {
            "curation_policy": "<p><strong>Open Access Policy:</strong>&nbsp;All the articles published in&nbsp;World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR)&nbsp;are made freely accessible online immediately after publication in an easily readable format, without any subscription or registration barrier.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Peer-review Policy:</strong>&nbsp;The manuscript will be reviewed by two suitable experts in respective subject area. The reports of both the reviewers will be considered when deciding on acceptance/revision or rejection of a manuscript.&nbsp;Editor-In-Chief will make the final decision, based on reviewer&rsquo;s comments.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Copyright policy:</strong>&nbsp;All the articles published in&nbsp;World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR)&nbsp;are distributed under a creative commons license. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright of their work (all usages allowed except for commercial purpose).</p>\n\n<p><strong>Author Self-Archiving policy:</strong>&nbsp;The Journal allows the authors to self-archive pre-print, post-print and publishers version of the article in any OAI-compliant repository.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Plagiarism policy:</strong>&nbsp;The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Disclaimer:</strong>&nbsp;The author(s) of the articles published in this Journal is/are solely responsible for the content of the article. Neither the&nbsp;World Journal&nbsp; of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR)&nbsp;nor its editors or publisher or anyone else involved in creating, producing or distribution assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information provided in the Journal, nor shall they be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or punitive damages arising out of the use of the&nbsp;World Journal&nbsp; of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR).</p>",
            "page": "<p><strong>World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR)</strong>&nbsp;is an international interdisciplinary journal, committed to provide the authors a timely and peer reviewed process for evaluation of their manuscripts. WJARR publishes manuscripts, original research and review articles, mini-reviews and short communication in the almost all areas of Biological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Sciences.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Benefits of publishing in WJARR</strong></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li>International,&nbsp;<a href=\"http://wjarr.com/journals/gscbps/sites/default/files/Peer%20review%20policy.pdf\">Peer-Reviewed</a>&nbsp;and Referred Open Access Journal with ISSN (2581-9615)</li>\n\t<li>Rapid, easy and Quality Publication&nbsp;</li>\n\t<li>Every article published in WJARR will be provided with unique DOI from Cross-ref (Registration is under proces) and Cross ref-mark without any extra charges</li>\n\t<li>Simple mode of submission via e-mail/online</li>\n\t<li>Online tracking of articles submitted</li>\n\t<li>Open Access to all Articles: Anytime &amp; Anywhere in the world</li>\n\t<li>Improved visibility of articles to get more citations</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Subject areas covered</strong></p>\n\n<p><strong>Biology:</strong></p>\n\n<p>Agricultural science, Biomaterials, Bioactive polymers, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Botany, Cell biology, Developmental biology, Environmental biology, Genetics, Microbiology, Molecular and structural biology, Zoology, and all other Bioallied Sciences.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Pharmacy:</strong></p>\n\n<p>Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Novel and Targeted Drug Delivery, Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy and Ethanobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacovigilance, Natural Product Research, Drug Regulatory Affairs, Case Study and Full clinical trials.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Health Science:</strong></p>\n\n<p>Medicine, Surgery, Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Microbiology, Ophthalmology, ENT, Neurology, Orthopedics, Anesthesiology, Physiotherapy, Occupational Health, Community Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Human Anatomy, Public Health, Nursing, Dentistry, Clinical Pharmacy, Health Education, Occupational and Environmental health, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry, Dietetics &amp; Nutrition, Alternative medicines (Yoga, Ayurveda,Homoepathy, Siddha etc), Physiology &amp; Pharmacology, Clinical Pathology and other allied areas of Health Science</p>\n\n<p><strong>Open Access Policy:</strong>&nbsp;All the articles published in&nbsp;World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR)&nbsp;are made freely accessible online immediately after publication in an easily readable format, without any subscription or registration barrier.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Peer-review Policy:</strong>&nbsp;The manuscript will be reviewed by two suitable experts in respective subject area. The reports of both the reviewers will be considered when deciding on acceptance/revision or rejection of a manuscript.&nbsp;Editor-In-Chief will make the final decision, based on reviewer&rsquo;s comments.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Copyright policy:</strong>&nbsp;All the articles published in&nbsp;World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR)&nbsp;are distributed under a creative commons license. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright of their work (all usages allowed except for commercial purpose).</p>\n\n<p><strong>Author Self-Archiving policy:</strong>&nbsp;The Journal allows the authors to self-archive pre-print, post-print and publishers version of the article in any OAI-compliant repository.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Plagiarism policy:</strong>&nbsp;The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors have used the work and/or words of others that this has been appropriately cited or quoted.</p>\n\n<p><strong>Disclaimer:</strong>&nbsp;The author(s) of the articles published in this Journal is/are solely responsible for the content of the article. Neither the&nbsp;World Journal&nbsp; of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR)&nbsp;nor its editors or publisher or anyone else involved in creating, producing or distribution assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information provided in the Journal, nor shall they be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, consequential or punitive damages arising out of the use of the&nbsp;World Journal&nbsp; of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR).</p>",
            "title": "World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews"
          },
          "revision_id": 2,
          "slug": "wjarr",
          "updated": "2023-12-04T05:21:58.523893+00:00"
        }
      ],
      "ids": [
        "3f2ff331-d025-4509-8ae1-25e615894b54"
      ]
    },
    "id": "14225898",
    "pids": {
      "doi": {
        "client": "datacite",
        "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.14225898",
        "provider": "datacite"
      }
    }
  },
  "pids": {
    "doi": {
      "client": "datacite",
      "identifier": "10.5281/zenodo.14225899",
      "provider": "datacite"
    },
    "oai": {
      "identifier": "oai:zenodo.org:14225899",
      "provider": "oai"
    }
  },
  "revision_id": 4,
  "stats": {
    "all_versions": {
      "data_volume": 39625188.0,
      "downloads": 43,
      "unique_downloads": 42,
      "unique_views": 111,
      "views": 111
    },
    "this_version": {
      "data_volume": 39625188.0,
      "downloads": 43,
      "unique_downloads": 42,
      "unique_views": 111,
      "views": 111
    }
  },
  "status": "published",
  "swh": {},
  "updated": "2024-11-26T18:59:12.349482+00:00",
  "versions": {
    "index": 1,
    "is_latest": true
  }
}