\_sh v3.0  680  ElanExport

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0001
\ELANBegin 0.000
\ELANEnd 11.524
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 0.000 11.524
\t Go             gar   Lapʰjekpa             leloʔ      bej-ta,     Tawaŋloʔ     bej-ta
\m go             gar   lapʰek -pa            le   -loʔ  be   -ta    tawaŋ  -loʔ  be   -ta
\g beginning(<TB) 1pl   Laphek  -people.of(TB) up   -abl   down -all   Tawang  -abl   down -all
\p n.             pron. prop.n. -suff.         adv. -suff. n.   -suff. prop.n. -suff. n.   -suff.

\t lonbakʰo,              go     go     makʈo   ogi  sikʈiʈu, oloʔ go     lonbale                  gar.
\m lon       -ba    -kʰo  go     go     mak      ogi  sikʈiʈu  oloʔ go     lon       -ba    =le     gar
\g come      -nom   -loc   before before war(<TB) that 1962(ENG)  then  before come      -nom   =cop.le 1pl
\p v.i.&v.t. -suff. -suff. adv.   adv.   n.       dem. n.         conj. adv.   v.i.&v.t. -suff. =cop.   pron.

\f 'In the beginning, when we people of Laphek came downwards from up, downwards from Tawang, we came
long before the war of 1962.' [CHUK230512C1A_0001]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0002
\ELANBegin 11.524
\ELANEnd 21.238
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 11.524 21.238
\t Go             lonleda,               oʨʰokʰo            garbeʔ            atʰagi,           galaʔ
\m go             lon       -le   -da    oʨʰo         -kʰo  gar   -bi-jaʔ     atʰa       =gi    galaʔ
\g beginning(<TB) come      -do   -ipfv  here.this.side -loc   1pl   -refl-gen    grandfather =top   1pl.gen
\p n.             v.i.&v.t. -s.v. -suff. dem.           -suff. pron. -suff.-suff. n.          =clit. pron.-suff.

\t atʰa       daŋ, galaʔ      atʰa       daŋŋaʔ    aji         pʰetbale.
\m atʰa       daŋ  galaʔ      atʰa       daŋ  -aʔ   aji         pʰet  -ba    =le
\g grandfather and   1pl.gen     grandfather and   -gen   grandmother arrive -nom   =cop.le
\p n.          conj. pron.-suff. n.          conj. -suff. n.          v.i.   -suff. =cop.

\f 'After coming in the beginning, that grandfather of ours, our grandfather and grandmother arrived here on this
side.' [CHUK230512C1A_0002]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0003
\ELANBegin 11.524
\ELANEnd 21.238
\ELANParticipant Dorji Choijom
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 11.524 21.238
\t Gotʰakpa       atʰa       mi        pʰetɲiɲi,         aji         mi        pʰetɲiɲi?
\m go     -tʰakpa atʰa       mi        pʰet  -ɲi   =ɲi   aji         mi        pʰet  -ɲi   =ɲi
\g before -sds     grandfather who       arrive -pret  =q1    grandmother who       arrive -pret  =q1
\p adv.   -suff.   n.          interrog. v.i.   -suff. =part. n.          interrog. v.i.   -suff. =part.

\f 'At very first, which grandfather arrived, which grandmother arrived?' [CHUK230512C1A_0003]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0004
\ELANBegin 21.238
\ELANEnd 30.443
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 21.238 30.443
\t Galaʔ      atʰa       daŋ, atʰaʔ     biŋgi      kezaŋ  dorʥi, ajjaʔ             biŋgi
\m galaʔ      atʰa       daŋ  atʰa-aʔ   biŋ =gi    kezaŋ  dorʥi  aji         -aʔ   biŋ =gi
\g 1pl.gen     grandfather and   old.man-gen name =top   Kezang  Dorji   grandmother -gen   name =top
\p pron.-suff. n.          conj. n.-suff.    n.   =clit. prop.n. prop.n. n.          -suff. n.   =clit.

\t pem     ʦʰomu inda             ɲis ʥubale.
\m pem     ʦʰomu in        -da    ɲis ʥu    -ba    =le
\g Pem     Tshomo  say       -ipfv  two  be     -nom   =cop.le
\p prop.n. prop.n. v.t.&v.i. -suff. num. cop.v. -suff. =cop.

\f 'That name of the grandfather (was) Kezang Dorji, that name of the grandmother (was called) Pem Tshomo,
there were (the) two (of them).' [CHUK230512C1A_0004]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0005
\ELANBegin 21.238
\ELANEnd 30.443
\ELANParticipant Dorji Choijom
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 21.238 30.443
\t atʰaʔ     daŋ  ajjaʔ             biŋɲi?
\m atʰa-aʔ   daŋ  aji         -aʔ   biŋ =ɲi
\g old.man-gen and   grandmother -gen   name =q1
\p n.-suff.    conj. n.          -suff. n.   =part.

\f 'The grandfather and grandmother's name?' [CHUK230512C1A_0005]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0006
\ELANBegin 30.443
\ELANEnd 62.190
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 30.443 62.190
\t Waziŋ pʰettʰaŋloʔ       oloʔ, ogi  lakʰuŋ lakʰuŋ hoʔtʰeʔ   {galaʔ}    garbeʔ            ogi
\m waziŋ pʰet  -tʰaŋ -loʔ  oloʔ  ogi  lakʰuŋ lakʰuŋ hoʔ =tʰeʔ galaʔ      gar   -bi-jaʔ     ogi
\g 3du    arrive -lcn    -abl   then   that later    later    now  =add    1pl.gen     1pl   -refl-gen    that
\p pron.  v.i.   -suff.  -suff. conj.  dem. adv.     adv.     adv. =clit.  pron.-suff. pron. -suff.-suff. dem.

\t akʰubak,             ajijaʔ            kʰonow, akʰubak,             atʰa       Towʨuŋ inda
\m akʰu          -bak   aji         -aʔ   kʰonow  akʰu          -bak   atʰa       towʨuŋ in        -da
\g maternal.uncle -pl    grandmother -gen   siblings maternal.uncle -pl    grandfather Towcung  say       -ipfv
\p n.             -suff. n.          -suff. n.       n.             -suff. n.          prop.n.  v.t.&v.i. -suff.

\t hin, aji         Rin       ʦʰomu inda,            {oloʔ war}  oloʔ kʰakʰo      go
\m hin  aji         rinʨʰen ʦʰomu in        -da    oloʔ  war   oloʔ kʰa   -kʰo  go
\g one  grandmother Rinchen   Tshomo  say       -ipfv  then   3pl   then  below  -loc   beginning(<TB)
\p num. n.          prop.n.   prop.n. v.t.&v.i. -suff. conj.  pron. conj. postp. -suff. n.

\t atʰa       Lam     Norbu   inda             hin, aji         Kezaŋ  inda             hin, oloʔ
\m atʰa       lam     norbu   in        -da    hin  aji         kezaŋ  in        -da    hin  oloʔ
\g grandfather Lam     Norbu   say       -ipfv  one  grandmother Kezang  say       -ipfv  one  then
\p n.          prop.n. prop.n. v.t.&v.i. -suff. num. n.          prop.n. v.t.&v.i. -suff. num. conj.

\t bebakgi            {gi}, gar   hoʔtʰeʔ   Rahuŋloʔ         lej-ta,     ogi  galaʔ      {laʔ}
\m be   -bak   =gi    gi    gar   hoʔ =tʰeʔ rahuŋ      -loʔ  le   -ta    ogi  galaʔ      laʔ
\g down -pl    =top   {gi}  1pl   now  =add    Rahung(<TB) -abl   up   -all   that 1pl.gen     {laq}
\p n.   -suff. =clit. stut. pron. adv. =clit.  prop.n.     -suff. adv. -suff. dem. pron.-suff. stut.

\t alejbak,              ama,   amagi         duhumloʔ      lje...
\m alej           -bak   ama    ama    =gi    duhum   -loʔ  le
\g brother-in-law -pl    mother mother =top   Duhum   -abl   up
\p n.             -suff. n.     n.     =clit. prop.n. -suff. adv.

\f 'And then after the two of them arrived, then much later, again all those maternal uncles of ours, grandmother's
siblings, all the maternal uncles, one called grandfather Towcung, one called grandmother Rin Tshomo, and then
before, (in the house) below one called grandfather Lam Norbu, one called grandmother Kezang, and then all
those (in the houses) down, again we (came) from Rahung upwards, all those brothers-in-law of ours, the
mother, that mother (came) from Duhum up.' [CHUK230512C1A_0006]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0007
\ELANBegin 62.190
\ELANEnd 69.671
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 62.190 69.671
\t Apagi         beloʔ      lej-ta      {ta}, {atʰa,     ama}   amagi         Rahuŋloʔ,
\m apa    =gi    be   -loʔ  le   -ta    ta    atʰa       ama    ama    =gi    rahuŋ      -loʔ
\g father =top   down -abl   up   -all   {ta}  grandfather mother mother =top   Rahung(<TB) -abl
\p n.     =clit. n.   -suff. adv. -suff. stut. n.          n.     n.     =clit. prop.n.     -suff.

\t atʰagi            ʑaŋdakpa              le     {le}.
\m atʰa       =gi    ʑaŋdak -pa            le     le
\g grandfather =top   Zhangdak -people.of(TB) cop.le {le}
\p n.          =clit. prop.n.  -suff.         cop    stut.

\f 'That father (came) from down upwards, that mother (came) from Rahung, that grandfather was (is)
Zhangdakpa.' [CHUK230512C1A_0007]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0008
\ELANBegin 69.671
\ELANEnd 72.830
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 69.671 72.830
\t atʰa       Pekʰanɖo    inda             hin, aji         Saŋ           Waŋmo  inda             hin
\m atʰa       pema_kʰanɖo in        -da    hin  aji         saŋge         waŋmo  in        -da    hin
\g grandfather Pema.Khandro  say       -ipfv  one  grandmother Buddha(R)(<TB) Wangmo  say       -ipfv  one
\p n.          prop.n.       v.t.&v.i. -suff. num. n.          prop.n.        prop.n. v.t.&v.i. -suff. num.

\t pʰetbale.
\m pʰet  -ba    =le
\g arrive -nom   =cop.le
\p v.i.   -suff. =cop.

\f 'One called grandfather Pekhandro, one called grandmother Sang Wangmo arrived.' [CHUK230512C1A_0008]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0009
\ELANBegin 72.830
\ELANEnd 86.781
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 72.830 86.781
\t Ogi  garbakgi            oʨʰi naŋkʰo      ljekduŋ   bak-ta hin        leda,       naʦʰaŋ lojda
\m ogi  gar   -bak   =gi    oʨʰi naŋ   -kʰo  lekduŋ    bak-ta hin        le   -da    neʦʰaŋ loj    -da
\g that 1pl   -pl    =top   this   in     -loc   jhum.field resemble-ipfv one do   -ipfv  host(<TB) borrow -ipfv
\p dem. pron. -suff. =clit. dem.   postp. -suff. n.         v.i.-suff. num.   v.t. -suff. n.        v.t.   -suff.

\t ʦorgenpʰunɲiloʔ,                    ʦorgenpʰunnoʔ                 sen            ɕida,      "Oʨʰikʰo
\m ʦorgen            -pʰun -ɲi   =oloʔ ʦorgen            -pʰun -oʔ   sen            ɕi  -da    oʨʰi -kʰo
\g village.chief(<TB) -etc.  -dat   =then  village.chief(<TB) -etc.  -erg   signature(ENG) give -ipfv  this   -loc
\p n.                 -suff. -suff. =conj. n.                 -suff. -suff. n.             v.t. -suff. dem.   -suff.

\t ljekduŋ   bak-ta hin        ʨʰama          aj"     in        garbakɲi,          ljekduŋ   bak-ta                              hin,
\m lekduŋ    bak-ta hin        ʨʰa     -ma    aj      in        gar   -bak   -ɲi   lekduŋ    bak-ta hin
\g jhum.field resemble-ipfv one eat       -imp   ok      say       1pl   -pl    -dat   jhum.field resemble-adv one
\p n.         v.i.-suff. num.   v.t.&v.i. -suff. interj. v.t.&v.i. pron. -suff. -suff. n.         v.i.-suff. num.

\t oloʔ sen            leda.       ʦorgennaʔ               biŋgi      ʦorgen            Norge
\m oloʔ sen            le   -da    ʦorgen            -aʔ   biŋ =gi    ʦorgen            norge
\g then  signature(ENG) do   -ipfv  village.chief(<TB) -gen   name =top   village.chief(<TB) Norge
\p conj. n.             v.t. -suff. n.                 -suff. n.   =clit. n.                 prop.n.

\t inʥule,                duhummaʔ      ʦorgen            le.
\m in        -ʥu  =le     duhum   -aʔ   ʦorgen            le
\g say       -stay =cop.le Duhum   -gen   village.chief(<TB) cop.le
\p v.t.&v.i. -s.v. =cop.   prop.n. -suff. n.                 cop

\f 'And then those of us, practicing some shifting cultivation around here, stayed as guests to the various village
chiefs.  The various village chiefs gave the signature, saying to all of us "Make a living from some shifting
cultivation here ok", some shifting cultivation, and then placing the signature.  That name of the village chief will be
said (as) Norge, (he) is the village chief of Duhum.' [CHUK230512C1A_0009]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0010
\ELANBegin 86.781
\ELANEnd 91.183
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 86.781 91.183
\t ʦorgen            Norge   inʥule,                oʨʰo         tʰupaʔ,      oh,     tʰupaʔ
\m ʦorgen            norge   in        -ʥu  =le     oʨʰo         tʰup   -aʔ   oh      tʰup   -aʔ
\g village.chief(<TB) Norge   say       -stay =cop.le here.this.side village -gen   oh      village -gen
\p n.                 prop.n. v.t.&v.i. -s.v. =cop.   dem.           n.      -suff. interj. n.      -suff.

\t tʰeɕok              {ɕok}.
\m tʰe           -ɕok  ɕok
\g the.other.side -side  {shok}
\p adv.           -suff. stut.

\f '(His name) will be said (as) village chief Norge, here on this side of the village, oh, on the other side of the
village.' [CHUK230512C1A_0010]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0011
\ELANBegin 91.183
\ELANEnd 99.337
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 91.183 99.337
\t Gejbeʔ,          oh,     ɕaroskʰaŋloʔ,   tʰala moŋkʰa gejbeʔ           atʰa       le,    atʰa       Norge
\m ga-bi-jaʔ        oh      ɕaroskʰaŋ -loʔ  tʰala moŋkʰa ga-bi-jaʔ        atʰa       le     atʰa       norge
\g 1sg-refl-gen      oh      ancestry     -abl   today  tomorrow 1sg-refl-gen      grandfather cop.le grandfather Norge
\p pron.-suff.-suff. interj. n.           -suff. adv.   adv.     pron.-suff.-suff. n.          cop    n.          prop.n.

\t [inkʰengi]             {inkʰennoʔ}.          ʦorgennoʔ,              wojjoʔ,     wojjoʔ      leda,
\m in        -kʰen =gi    in        -kʰen -oʔ   ʦorgen            -oʔ   woj   -oʔ   woj   -oʔ   le   -da
\g say       -agn   =top   say       -agn   -erg   village.chief(<TB) -erg   3sg   -erg   3sg   -erg   do   -ipfv
\p v.t.&v.i. -nom.  =clit. v.t.&v.i. -nom.  -suff. n.                 -suff. pron. -suff. pron. -suff. v.t. -suff.

\t oʨʰokʰo            ose       ʨʰaktʰabale.
\m oʨʰo         -kʰo  ose       ʨʰak -tʰa -ba    =le
\g here.this.side -loc   like.that settle -let  -nom   =cop.le
\p dem.           -suff. dem.      v.i.   -s.v. -suff. =cop.

\f And my own, oh, ancestry, these days (he) is my own grandfather, that one called grandfather Norge. The village
chief, he did it, he let (us) settle here like that. [CHUK230512C1A_0011]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0012
\ELANBegin 99.337
\ELANEnd 110.020
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 99.337 110.020
\t Oloʔ ʨʰakta,     tʰala moŋkʰa, bi    kitpu      beʔ.  Garbaktʰeʔ         oʨʰokʰo
\m oloʔ ʨʰak -ta    tʰala moŋkʰa  bi    kitpu      beʔ   gar   -bak   =tʰeʔ oʨʰo         -kʰo
\g then  settle -ipfv  today  tomorrow  ana   happy(<TB) cop.ex 1pl   -pl    =add    here.this.side -loc
\p conj. v.i.   -suff. adv.   adv.      pron. adj.       cop.   pron. -suff. =clit.  dem.           -suff.

\t ʨʰakta.     Bi    gaŋpu   oloʔ tʰala moŋkʰa gaŋpu   oloʔ garbak       hin  leda,       bi
\m ʨʰak -ta    bi    gaŋpu   oloʔ tʰala moŋkʰa gaŋpu   oloʔ gar   -bak   hin  le   -da    bi
\g settle -ipfv  ana   all(<TB) then  today  tomorrow all(<TB) then  1pl   -pl    one  do   -ipfv  ana
\p v.i.   -suff. pron. pron.    conj. adv.   adv.     pron.    conj. pron. -suff. num. v.t. -suff. pron.

\t namda     beʔ   ose.
\m namda     beʔ   ose
\g good(<TM) cop.ex like.that
\p adj.      cop.   dem.

\f 'And then (they) settled, and these days they are happy. We all (Laphekpa) too settled here on this side. These
days all of them, everyone, we all act like one, they are well like that.' [CHUK230512C1A_0012]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0013
\ELANBegin 110.020
\ELANEnd 111.359
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 110.020 111.359
\t Go             ʨʰaktʰaŋ   ose       ʨʰak-pale           hoʔ.
\m go             ʨʰak -tʰaŋ ose       ʨʰak -pa    =le     hoʔ
\g beginning(<TB) settle -lcn    like.that settle -nom   =cop.le now
\p n.             v.i.   -suff.  dem.      v.i.   -suff. =cop.   adv.

\f So, the way of settlement in the beginning was (lit. settled) like that. [CHUK230512C1A_0013]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0014
\ELANBegin 111.359
\ELANEnd 124.112
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 111.359 124.112
\t Hoʔ, garbak       go     goŋpo         om,   hoʔ tʰala moŋkʰa, hoʔtʰeʔ   goŋpo         meka
\m hoʔ  gar   -bak   go     goŋpa         om    hoʔ tʰala moŋkʰa  hoʔ =tʰeʔ goŋpa         meka
\g now   1pl   -pl    before household(<TB) three now  today  tomorrow  now  =add    household(<TB) much
\p adv.  pron. -suff. adv.   n.             num.  adv. adv.   adv.      adv. =clit.  n.             adj.

\t baŋloʔ.      Goŋpa         maʦakʰo             ɕis, uʨʰukʰo            ʥukʰen    baŋba
\m baŋ    =oloʔ goŋpa         maʦa          -kʰo  ɕis  oʨʰo         -kʰo  ʥu  -kʰen baŋ    -ba
\g not.be1 =then  household(<TB) basically(<TB) -loc   seven here.this.side -loc   stay -agn   not.be1 -nom
\p v.i.    =conj. n.             adv.           -suff. num.  dem.           -suff. v.i. -nom.  cop.v.  -suff.

\t ɕiti,  ɕis  sargeʔ hin  ɕetbale.
\m ɕiti   ɕis  sargeʔ hin  ɕet -ba    =le
\g besides seven eight   one  exit -nom   =cop.le
\p conj.   num.  num.    num. v.i. -suff. =cop.

\f So, before we all (were) three households, now these days, then even now there are not many households.
Basically (there are) seven households, although there are no people staying (lit. those who stay/stayers) here at
this side, around seven or eight came up. [CHUK230512C1A_0014]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0015
\ELANBegin 124.112
\ELANEnd 134.487
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 124.112 134.487
\t ɕis  sargeʔ hin  ɕetbakʰo,        warbak       ogi, warbak       bak hin,
\m ɕis  sargeʔ hin  ɕet -ba    -kʰo  war   -bak   ogi  war   -bak   bak-ta hin
\g seven eight   one  exit -nom   -loc   3pl   -pl    that 3pl   -pl    resemble-adv one
\p num.  num.    num. v.i. -suff. -suff. pron. -suff. dem. pron. -suff. v.i.-suff. num.

\t alejjaŋ                  be   oŋʥu.    Oloʔ uʨʰukʰo            [ʥukʰen]  {ʥukʰenkʰo},    gar
\m alej              -jaŋ   be   oŋ  -ʥu  oloʔ oʨʰo         -kʰo  ʥu  -kʰen ʥu  -kʰen -kʰo  gar
\g male.cross.cousin -and.co down go   -stay then  here.this.side -loc   stay -agn   stay -agn   -loc   1pl
\p n.                -suff.  n.   v.i. -s.v. conj. dem.           -suff. v.i. -nom.  v.i. -nom.  -suff. pron.

\t goŋpo         kʰa ʥubale.
\m goŋpa         kʰa ʥu    -ba    =le
\g household(<TB) five be     -nom   =cop.le
\p n.             num. cop.v. -suff. =cop.

\f When around seven or eight appeared, there all of them, some of them all, the cross-cousins and their relatives
went and stayed down (in the valley). And the ones staying here on this side (in Laphek), we are five households.
[CHUK230512C1A_0015]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0016
\ELANBegin 124.112
\ELANEnd 134.487
\ELANParticipant Tshegye Ama
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 124.112 134.487
\t Hoʔ apʰin         ʥutʰeʔɲi?         kʰa den-da         ɕitina        baŋ.
\m hoʔ apʰi hin      ʥu    =tʰeʔ =ɲi   kʰa den     -da    ɕiti   =na    baŋ
\g now  how.much   one be     =add    =q1    five be.only -ipfv  besides =conf  not.be1
\p adv. interrog. num. cop.v. =clit.  =part. num. v.i.    -suff. conj.   =clit. cop.v.

\f Now around how many would be there? But except for five (households) only, there are none.
[CHUK230512C1A_0016]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0017
\ELANBegin 134.487
\ELANEnd 136.967
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 134.487 136.967
\t kʰa ʥubale,              gar   uʨʰukʰo            goŋpo         kʰa ʥubale.
\m kʰa ʥu    -ba    =le     gar   oʨʰo         -kʰo  goŋpa         kʰa ʥu    -ba    =le
\g five be     -nom   =cop.le 1pl   here.this.side -loc   household(<TB) five be     -nom   =cop.le
\p num. cop.v. -suff. =cop.   pron. dem.           -suff. n.             num. cop.v. -suff. =cop.

\f There are five, we here are five households. [CHUK230512C1A_0017]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0018
\ELANBegin 136.967
\ELANEnd 145.843
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 136.967 145.843
\t Oloʔ {Lapʰekaʔ}   Lapʰekpaʔ            lontʰaŋ,        ʦawa       gar   ose       le   {le}
\m oloʔ lapʰek -aʔ   lapʰek -pa-aʔ        lon       -tʰaŋ ʦawa       gar   ose       le   le
\g then  Laphek  -gen   Laphek  -people.of-gen come      -lcn    origin(<TB) 1pl   like.that up   {le}
\p conj. prop.n. -suff. prop.n. -suff.         v.i.&v.t. -suff.  n.          pron. dem.      adv. stut.

\t Tawaŋloʔ,    oh,     sikʈiʈu go     lonbale.
\m tawaŋ  -loʔ  oh      sikʈiʈu go     lon       -ba    =le
\g Tawang  -abl   oh      1962(ENG) before come      -nom   =cop.le
\p prop.n. -suff. interj. n.        adv.   v.i.&v.t. -suff. =cop.

\f 'And then the way in which the people of Laphek came, the origin, like that we came from Tawang up there
before 1962.' [CHUK230512C1A_0018]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0019
\ELANBegin 145.843
\ELANEnd 162.493
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 145.843 162.493
\t sikʈiʈu go,    gar   uʨʰukʰo            ɕalaʔ,  ɕalaʔpʰun     ajda.            ɕalaʔpʰun,
\m sikʈiʈu go     gar   oʨʰo         -kʰo  ɕalaʔ   ɕalaʔ   -pʰun aj        -da    ɕalaʔ   -pʰun
\g 1962(ENG) before 1pl   here.this.side -loc   offspring offspring -etc.  see       -ipfv  offspring -etc.
\p n.        adv.   pron. dem.           -suff. n.        n.        -suff. v.t.&v.i. -suff. n.        -suff.

\t gaʔ        apapʰun      {apa,  apa    hoʔna,     apa    apa    ɕalaʔpʰunnoʔ}       ajda.            Oloʔ
\m ga-aʔ      apa    -pʰun apa    apa    hoʔ =na    apa    apa    ɕalaʔ   -pʰun -oʔ   aj        -da    oloʔ
\g 1sg-gen     father -etc.  father father now  =conf  father father offspring -etc.  -erg   see       -ipfv  then
\p pron.-suff. n.     -suff. n.     n.     adv. =clit. n.     n.     n.        -suff. -suff. v.t.&v.i. -suff. conj.

\t gar,  gaʔ        adaʔjaŋraŋ                ajda,            ose       ʥubale.
\m gar   ga-aʔ      adaʔ         -jaŋ   =raŋ  aj        -da    ose       ʥu    -ba    =le
\g 1pl   1sg-gen     elder.brother -and.co =emph  see       -ipfv  like.that be     -nom   =cop.le
\p pron. pron.-suff. n.            -suff.  =clit. v.t.&v.i. -suff. dem.      cop.v. -suff. =cop.

\f 'Before 1962, we children here on this side, the various children, were born. The various children, my father and
paternal uncles, were born. And then we, even my elder brothers and all were born, that's how it was.'
[CHUK230512C1A_0019]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0020
\ELANBegin 162.493
\ELANEnd 165.727
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 162.493 165.727
\t Namlo            takʰo,                sikʈiʈugi      namlo            {takʰo}
\m namlo            ta              -kʰo  sikʈiʈu =gi    namlo            ta              -kʰo
\g Tibetan.year(TB) horse.year(<TB) -loc   1962(ENG) =top   Tibetan.year(TB) horse.year(<TB) -loc
\p n.               n.              -suff. n.        =clit. n.               n.              -suff.

\t [ta]            ʥuloŋbe.
\m ta              ʥu    -loŋ  =beʔ
\g horse.year(<TB) be     -prf   =cop.ex
\p n.              cop.v. -suff. =clitic

\f 'In the year of the horse, that 1962 had been the Tibetan year of the horse.' [CHUK230512C1A_0020]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0021
\ELANBegin 165.727
\ELANEnd 169.489
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 165.727 169.489
\t Garbeʔ            ogi  leloʔ      lontʰaŋta,             okʰota      mirap           oŋloŋbe.
\m gar   -bi-jaʔ     ogi  le   -loʔ  lon       -tʰaŋ =ta    okʰo =ta    mirap           oŋ  -loŋ  =beʔ
\g 1pl   -refl-gen    that up   -abl   come      -lcn    =foc   there =foc   generation(<TB) go   -prf   =cop.ex
\p pron. -suff.-suff. dem. adv. -suff. v.i.&v.t. -suff.  =clit. dem.  =clit. n.              v.i. -suff. =clitic

\f As for our own arrival from up there, at this time a generation has passed. [CHUK230512C1A_0021]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0022
\ELANBegin 169.489
\ELANEnd 177.821
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 169.489 177.821
\t Oloʔ sikʈiʈu go     ose,      go     go-raŋ,      go     go-raŋ       aji
\m oloʔ sikʈiʈu go     ose       go     go     =raŋ  go     go     =raŋ  aji
\g then  1962(ENG) before like.that before before =emph  before before =emph  grandmother
\p conj. n.        adv.   dem.      adv.   adv.   =clit. adv.   adv.   =clit. n.

\t memejaŋta,                             go     go-raŋ       pʰetda,      oʨʰokʰo
\m meme                     -jaŋ   =ta    go     go     =raŋ  pʰet  -da    oʨʰo         -kʰo
\g grandfather(TB, TM, TSB) -and.co =foc   before before =emph  arrive -ipfv  here.this.side -loc
\p n.                       -suff.  =clit. adv.   adv.   =clit. v.i.   -suff. dem.           -suff.

\t sa,        naʦʰaŋ lojda,        ose       ʥuloŋbe           gar.
\m sa         neʦʰaŋ loj    -da    ose       ʥu  -loŋ  =beʔ   gar
\g place(<TB) host(<TB) borrow -ipfv  like.that stay -prf   =cop.ex 1pl
\p n.         n.        v.t.   -suff. dem.      v.i. -suff. =clitic pron.

\f And then like that, before 1962, in the very beginning, the grandmother and grandfather and all, arriving in the
very beginning, obtaining land and hosts on this side here, it is so that like that we had stayed.
[CHUK230512C1A_0022]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0023
\ELANBegin 177.821
\ELANEnd 179.153
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 177.821 179.153
\t Ose       le.
\m ose       le
\g like.that cop.le
\p dem.      cop

\f That's how it is. [CHUK230512C1A_0023]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0024
\ELANBegin 179.153
\ELANEnd 182.368
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 179.153 182.368
\t Go     oʨʰo         mun          ʥu,   mun          ʥubale.
\m go     oʨʰo         mun          ʥu    mun          ʥu    -ba    =le
\g before here.this.side jungle(<TSD) be     jungle(<TSD) be     -nom   =cop.le
\p adv.   dem.           n.           cop.v. n.           cop.v. -suff. =cop.

\f Before there was jungle here on this side. [CHUK230512C1A_0024]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0025
\ELANBegin 182.368
\ELANEnd 191.608
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 182.368 191.608
\t Go     go     uʨʰu         saaʔ             biŋgi,     saaʔ             biŋgi      Tarka,
\m go     go     oʨʰo         sa         -aʔ   biŋ =gi    sa         -aʔ   biŋ =gi    tarkaleŋ
\g before before here.this.side place(<TB) -gen   name =top   place(<TB) -gen   name =top   Tarkaleng
\p adv.   adv.   dem.           n.         -suff. n.   =clit. n.         -suff. n.   =clit. prop.n.

\t {uʨʰu        go     Lapʰek in}       Lapʰek inkʰengi               lakʰuŋ biŋ ʦʰupbale             hoʔ.
\m oʨʰo         go     lapʰek in        lapʰek in        -kʰen =gi    lakʰuŋ biŋ ʦʰup  -ba    =le     hoʔ
\g here.this.side before Laphek  say       Laphek  say       -agn   =top   later    name acquire -nom   =cop.le now
\p dem.           adv.   prop.n. v.t.&v.i. prop.n. v.t.&v.i. -nom.  =clit. adv.     n.   v.i.    -suff. =cop.   adv.

\f 'Long before, that name of the place here on this side, that name of the place (was) Tarkaleng ('walnut field'), that
name (lit. that being called) Laphek was acquired later.' [CHUK230512C1A_0025]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0026
\ELANBegin 191.608
\ELANEnd 198.298
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 191.608 198.298
\t Gogi                  Tawaŋpaʔ             uʨʰikʰo    ɖapapʰunnaʔ             ɕitaʔ datʰaŋ
\m go             =gi    tawaŋ  -pa-aʔ        oʨʰi -kʰo  ɖapa        -pʰun -aʔ   ɕitaʔ da   -tʰaŋ
\g beginning(<TB) =top   Tawang  -people.of-gen this   -loc   monk(R)(<TB) -etc.  -gen   horse   keep -lcn
\p n.             =clit. prop.n. -suff.         dem.   -suff. n.           -suff. -suff. n.      v.t. -suff.

\t inda,            Tarkaɖema inbaʔ           inbale,                  saaʔ             biŋgi.
\m in        -da    tarkaɖema in        -baʔ  in        -ba    =le     sa         -aʔ   biŋ =gi
\g say       -ipfv  Tarkadrema say       -inf   say       -nom   =cop.le place(<TB) -gen   name =top
\p v.t.&v.i. -suff. prop.n.    v.t.&v.i. -suff. v.t.&v.i. -suff. =cop.   n.         -suff. n.   =clit.

\f 'In that beginning, this here (was said to be) the place to keep the Tawangpa's monk's and all's (i.e. the Tawang
monks and civil servants) horses, (the place) was said to be called as Tarkadrema, that name of the place.'
[CHUK230512C1A_0026]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0027
\ELANBegin 198.298
\ELANEnd 200.387
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 198.298 200.387
\t Saaʔ             biŋ Tarkaɖema inbaʔ           inbale.
\m sa         -aʔ   biŋ tarkaɖema in        -baʔ  in        -ba    =le
\g place(<TB) -gen   name Tarkadrema say       -inf   say       -nom   =cop.le
\p n.         -suff. n.   prop.n.    v.t.&v.i. -suff. v.t.&v.i. -suff. =cop.

\f 'The name of the place was said to be called Tarkadrema.' [CHUK230512C1A_0027]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0028
\ELANBegin 200.387
\ELANEnd 210.339
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 200.387 210.339
\t Oloʔ gaŋpu    uʨʰu         naŋkʰo,     ɕitaʔ daŋŋaʔ    {budak} budun  ʥupbatʰupba.
\m oloʔ gaŋpu    oʨʰo         naŋ   -kʰo  ɕitaʔ daŋ  -aʔ   budak   budun  ʥup   ba-    -tʰup -ba
\g then  all(<TB)  here.this.side in     -loc   horse   and   -gen   {budak} person enter  neg-   -able  -nom
\p conj. adj.&adv. dem.           postp. -suff. n.      conj. -suff. stut.   n.     v.int. pref.- -s.v.  -suff.

\t Boreŋ                 odok derʨʰa  baŋba,        gaŋpu    mejʦʰo   ʥu,   mejʦʰo
\m boreŋ                 odok derʨʰa  baŋ    -ba    gaŋpu    mejʦʰo   ʥu    mejʦʰo
\g secondary.forest(<TSH) big  much(<TM) not.be1 -nom   all(<TB)  big.bamboo be     big.bamboo
\p n.                     adj. adv.      v.i.    -suff. adj.&adv. n.         cop.v. n.

\t ʥuba         in.
\m ʥu    -ba    in
\g be     -nom   say
\p cop.v. -suff. v.t.&v.i.

\f 'And all around here, the horses and the people were not able to enter. It was an incredibly big forest, all was
bamboo it's said.' [CHUK230512C1A_0028]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0029
\ELANBegin 210.339
\ELANEnd 227.176
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 210.339 227.176
\t Oloʔ lekduŋ    dap-da,     mejʦʰobakgi,           mejʦʰopʰun     dap-da,     oloʔ garbi        ose
\m oloʔ lekduŋ    dap  -da    mejʦʰo   -bak   =gi    mejʦʰo   -pʰun dap  -da    oloʔ gar   -bi    ose
\g then  jhum.field cut  -ipfv  big.bamboo -pl    =top   big.bamboo -etc.  cut  -ipfv  then  1pl   -refl  like.that
\p conj. n.         v.t. -suff. n.         -suff. =clit. n.         -suff. v.t. -suff. conj. pron. -suff. dem.

\t sapʰun           zaŋda,      oloʔ ʨʰotda,     derʨʰa  mono        lekduŋ    ʨʰotda.     Oloʔ
\m sa         -pʰun zaŋ  -da    oloʔ ʨʰot -da    derʨʰa  mono        lekduŋ    ʨʰot -da    oloʔ
\g place(<TB) -etc.  clear -ipfv  then  make   -ipfv  much(<TM) neg.cop(TM) jhum.field make   -ipfv  then
\p n.         -suff. v.t.  -suff. conj. v.t.   -suff. adv.      cop.        n.         v.t.   -suff. conj.

\t ʑipmaleŋgi,     hasta  hasta  ʑipmaleŋ, lekgi        ose       hasta  leda        ɕetoŋbale.
\m lekduŋ    =gi    hasta  hasta  lekduŋ     lek   =gi    ose       hasta  le   -da    ɕet -oŋ  -ba    =le
\g jhum.field =top   slowly slowly jhum.field  field =top   like.that slowly do   -ipfv  exit -go   -nom   =cop.le
\p n.         =clit. adv.   adv.   n.          n.    =clit. dem.      adv.   v.t. -suff. v.i. -s.v. -suff. =cop.

\f 'And then clearing the shifting cultivation field, cutting all those bamboos and all, then like that we ourselves
cleared the various lands (plots), and made it, (we) made a lot of shifting cultivation fields. And those shifting
cultivation fields, slowly slowly the shifting cultivation fields, doing it slowly those fields appeared.'
[CHUK230512C1A_0029]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0030
\ELANBegin 227.176
\ELANEnd 236.270
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 227.176 236.270
\t Go             ogi  gaŋpu   uʨʰukʰo            lekduŋ    dap-da.     Atʰa       ajibak,
\m go             ogi  gaŋpu   oʨʰo         -kʰo  lekduŋ    dap  -da    atʰa       aji         -bak
\g beginning(<TB) that all(<TB) here.this.side -loc   jhum.field cut  -ipfv  grandfather grandmother -pl
\p n.             dem. pron.    dem.           -suff. n.         v.t. -suff. n.          n.          -suff.

\t derʨʰa  mono        go     daŋpo    uʨʰukʰo            sa         leseraŋ
\m derʨʰa  mono        go     daŋpu    oʨʰo         -kʰo  sa         le   -se    =raŋ
\g much(<TM) neg.cop(TM) before past(<TB) here.this.side -loc   place(<TB) do   -cond  =emph
\p adv.      cop.        adv.   n.        dem.           -suff. n.         v.t. -suff. =clit.

\t dukpu         leda,       ose       ʨʰakta,     ose       dukpu.
\m dukpu         le   -da    ose       ʨʰak -ta    ose       dukpu
\g hardship(<TB) do   -ipfv  like.that settle -ipfv  like.that hardship(<TB)
\p n.            v.t. -suff. dem.      v.i.   -suff. dem.      n.

\f 'In the beginning, everyone cut the shifting cultivation fields here on this side. Before in the past, all the
grandfathers and grandmothers settled like that, facing hardship a lot, even for the land (lit. even when doing the
land) on this side, hardship like that.' [CHUK230512C1A_0030]

\ref CHUK230512C1A_0031
\ELANBegin 236.270
\ELANEnd 254.489
\ELANParticipant Tshegye
\sound CHUK230512C1A.wav 236.270 254.489
\t tʰala moŋkʰa gar,  oloʔ apaʔ      amaʔ      duskʰo          tiktaŋ        hin  {hin}
\m tʰala moŋkʰa gar   oloʔ apa-aʔ    ama-aʔ    dus       -kʰo  tiktaŋ        hin  hin
\g today  tomorrow 1pl   then  father-gen mother-gen time(<TB) -loc   a.little(<TSH) one  one
\p adv.   adv.     pron. conj. n.-suff.   n.-suff.   n.        -suff. adj.&adv.      num. num.

\t kitɕok,               tʰala moŋkʰa daʔdamubakta          bi,   oh      hoʔ bi    gaŋpuraŋ
\m kit             -ɕok  tʰala moŋkʰa daʔdamu -bak   =ta    bi    oh      hoʔ bi    gaŋpu   =raŋ
\g be.content(<TB) -cds   today  tomorrow children -pl    =foc   ana   oh      now  ana   all(<TB) =emph
\p v.i.            -suff. adv.   adv.     n.       -suff. =clit. pron. interj. adv. pron. pron.    =clit.

\t bi,   gakɕok,    halem     hin  kitɕok,               ose       ɕetloŋ    bi    {bi}.
\m bi    gak  -ɕok  halam     hin  kit             -ɕok  ose       ɕet -loŋ  bi    bi
\g ana   good -cds   little    one  be.content(<TB) -cds   like.that exit -prf   ana   {bi}
\p pron. adj. -suff. adj.+adv. num. v.i.            -suff. dem.      v.i. -suff. pron. stut.

\f 'These days we, then (compared to) in father's and mother's time, a little bit more peaceful, these days they, all
the children, now even all of them, better, a bit more peaceful, they have become like that.'
[CHUK230512C1A_0031]

\ELANMediaURL CHUK230512C1A.wav
\ELANMediaMIME audio/x-wav