APPENDIX 1. — Synthetic summary of main characters of the Dipterocarp fossil woods mentioned in the article, as described by the original authors (first name), the authors who redescribed a specimen of the same species or emmended the original diagnosis (second name), or as extracted from another publication (in parenthesis). Features in parenthesis are less commun.
Vessels
t.diam. (µm); Multiseriate Canals Geologic
Growth frequency Axial ray height t.diam. age/
Species rings (/mm 2) Fibres parenchyma Rays (µm; cells) Canals (µm) country Authors
Anisopteroxylon Ind. 120-230 Nonseptate, Vasicentric, diffuse, diffuse- (1-11)7-9 seriate, 150-1080 Long tangential 120-150 Miocene/ Yadav 1989
oblongoides 4-5 thick-walled, in-aggregate in irregular 4-8/mm, heterocellular 5-56 lines, (diffuse) India
solitary, vasicentric lines, around canals 1-2+ marginal cells,
tylose tracheids continuous sheath cells
Anisopteroxylon Ind. 110-255 Nonseptate, Scanty to vasicentric,diffuse, (1-8)5-6 seriate, 180-1350 Diffuse, (short 40-55 Miocene/ Prakash &
garoensis 8-12 thick-walled, in short lines, 5-12/mm, heterocellular 6-30 tangential India Tripathi 1970
solitary, vasicentric around canals 1-8 marginal cells, sheath lines
(tylose) tracheids cells of 2-3)
Anisopteroxylon Ind. 130-230 Nonseptate, thin- Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate (1-6)4-5 seriate, 212-1190 Diffuse 102-130 Miocene/ Prasad,
surmaensis 6-10 to-thick walled, in thin lines, scanty to 5-6/mm, heterocellular 5-55 India Agarwal &
solitary, vasicentric vasicentric, around canals 1-3 marginal cells, Mandaokar
tylose tracheids continuous 2009
sheath cells
Anisopteroxylon Ind. 154-300 Nonseptate, Vasicentric, diffuse, 1-7 seriate, heterocellular, 458-1946 Diffuse, (short 98-168 Mio-Plio/ Ghosh &
jawalamukhi - vasicentric diffuse-in-aggregate, sheath cells 15-67 tangential India Ghosh 1958
solitary, tracheids around canals lines (Prakash &
tylose of 2-3) Tripathi 1970)
Dipterocarpoxylon Ind. 160-240 Nonseptate, Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate, 1-5(6) seriate, often uniseriate, 250-1125 Short tangential 40-68 Miocene/ Prakash 1975
sivalicus 5-7, thick-walled, (scanty paratracheal), 7-14/mm, heterocellular, – lines of 2-6, India
solitary, vasicentric around canals sheath cells diffuse
tylose tracheids
Dipterocarpoxylon Ind. 80-240, Nonseptate, Diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregate, (1-7)3-5 seriate, 6-8/mm, 120-1600, Diffuse/ 40-120 Pliocene/ Ghosh & Ghosh
malavii mean 190, thick-walled, scanty to vasicentric, heterocellular 1-n marginal mean <1000 paired, short India 1959,
5-7, solitary, vasicentric (aliform), around canals cells, (sheath cells) 10-60 tangential Guleria 1983
tylose tracheids lines of 4-5
Dipterocarpoxylon Ind. – Thin-to thick Vasicentric, (marginal, (1-5)1-3 seriate, heterocellular – Diffuse, short - Tertiary/ Bancroft 1933
africanum (solitary), walled?, diffuse?) around canals 1-6 marginal cells, 8-30 tangential same Uganda
tylose? vasicentric (end-to-end fusion) lines of 2-6 size as
tracheids? vessels
Dipterocarpoxylon – 160-322 Nonseptate, thin Vasicentric, diffuse to 1-5(4-5) seriate, 6-8/mm, <2400 Short tangential 80-120 Plio-Pleisto/ Vozenin-Serra &
sarapeense 4-7, to thick walled, diffuse-in-aggregate, heterocellular 2-7(23) up to 80 lines of 2-7 Thailand Privé-Gill
solitary, vasicentric around canals marginal cells, sheath cells, 2001
(tylose) tracheids (end-to-end fusion)
Dipterocarpoxylon Ind. 100-175 Nonseptate, (very) Around canals, scanty (1-5)1 seriate, - Diffuse, short 60-75 Pliocene/ Schweitzer
gracile 5-14, thick-walled, paratracheal, (diffuse) “homogeneous”, up to 40 tangential Java 1958
solitary vasicentric (crystalliferous) lines of 2
tracheids
Dipterocarpoxylon Ind. 80-260 Nonseptate, Vasicentric, (diffuse), (1-6)3-5 seriate, 200-1260 Diffuse, short 65-80 Miocene/ Guleria et al.
jammuense 3-9, vasicentric around canals 5-9/mm, heterocellular 5-45 tangential India 2002
solitary, tracheids 2-12 marginal cells, sheath lines of 2-5
tylose cells
Dryobalanoxylon Ind. 60-280 Fibre/vasicentric Vasicentric to aliform 1-4 seriate, heterocellular <900 Long tangential 40-60 Tertiary/ Awasthi 1971
holdeniae 9-15, tracheids, (aliform-confluent), 1-5 marginal cells, (sheath up to 30 lines India
solitary, nonseptate, banded around canals cells)
tyloses thick-walled
t.diam. (µm); Multiseriate Canals Geologic
Growth frequency Axial ray height t.diam. age/
Species rings (/mm 2) Fibres parenchyma Rays (µm; cells) Canals (µm) country Authors
Shoreoxylon Distinct 112-332 Vasicentric Vasicentric to aliform, 1-5 seriate, 5-8/mm, - Long tangential 80-160 Tertiary / Prakash &
tipamense (vessels) 3-9, tyloses tracheids, (aliform-confluent, diffuse, heterocellular 3-66 lines India Awasthi 1970
nonseptate, diffuse-in-aggregate), 1-12 marginal cells, (sheath
thin-walled banded around canals, cells)
crystalliferous
Shoreoxylon Ind. 45-240 Vasicentric Vasicentric, aliform aliform- 1-6 seriate, 5-9/mm, - Long tangential 40-120 Tertiary / Awasthi 1974
indicum 5-10, tracheids, confluent in thin bands, heterocellular 1-2 marginal up to 60 lines India
tyloses nonseptate, diffuse, in thin bands, cells
thick-walled banded around canals,
crystalliferous
Shoreoxylon Ind. 45-165 Vasicentric Scanty paratracheal or (1-4)2-3 seriate, heterocellular - Long tangential 40-60 Tertiary Awasthi 1974
arcotense 15-20, tracheids, vasicentric, banded around 1-6 marginal cells 12-40 lines /India
solitary, nonseptate, canals
tyloses thin-walled
Shoreoxylon Ind. 200-360 Thin-walled Vasicentric, aliform, (1-4)1-3 seriate, 4-5/mm, 80-1400 Long tangential 40-90 Quaternary/ Du 1988b
sumatraense 9-14, (confluent in tangential heterocellular 1-n marginal 4-50 lines Sumatra
(clusters), bands), diffuse, diffuse- cells, (crystalliferous)
tyloses in-aggregate in short
tangential lines, irregularly
storied
Shoreoxylon Ind. 200-300 Vasicentric Vasicentric, diffuse-in- (1-5)5 seriate, - Long/short 60-150 Quaternary/ Schweitzer
posthumi mean 250 tracheids, aggregate in tangential “homogeneous”, end-to- 3-45 tangential Sumatra 1958
5-10, nonseptate, bands, diffuse, around end fusion lines, diffuse,
tyloses thin-to-thick canals, (double lines)
walled? crystals in enlarged cells
Shoreoxylon Ind. 200-240 Nonseptate, thin Vasicentric, irregularly 1-4 seriate, 6-10/mm, 750-1450 Short/long? 70-190 Miocene / Sukiman 1977
pachitanensis 6-10, to thick-walled banded, around canals heterocellular 1-n marginal - tangential Java
tyloses cells lines
Shoreoxylon Ind. 155-230 Nonseptate, Diffuse, diffuse-in- (1-5)3-4 seriate, 5-8/mm, 484-1870 Diffuse, long/ - Tertiary / Bande &
ornatum 5-9, vasicentric aggregate, vasicentric, heterocellular 2-12 marginal - short India Prakash
solitary, tracheids banded around canals cells, sheath cells tangential 1980,
tyloses lines of 2-3, Trivedi &
(double or Ahuja 1979
triple rows)
Shoreoxylon Ind. 90-300 Vasicentric Banded in thin lines, (1-7)3-5 seriate, few <1200 Long tangential <140 Mio-Plio/ Prakash &
irrawaddiensis 6-8, tyloses tracheids, vasicentric, uniseriate, 5-8/mm, up to 50 lines Myanmar Bande 1980
nonseptate banded around canals homocellular to weakly
heterocellular 1 marginal
cell